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vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Post-war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations_and_foreign_units_under_SS_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations_and_foreign_units_under_SS_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Foreign Waffen-SS formations and foreign units under SS control </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations_and_foreign_units_under_SS_control-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign Waffen-SS formations and foreign units under SS control subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations_and_foreign_units_under_SS_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Foreign Waffen-SS formations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_units_under_SS_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_units_under_SS_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Foreign units under SS command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_units_under_SS_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waffen-SS_volunteers_and_conscripts_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waffen-SS_volunteers_and_conscripts_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Waffen-SS volunteers and conscripts by country </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Waffen-SS_volunteers_and_conscripts_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Denmark </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Estonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Finland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Hungary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> 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vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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conscrits étrangers de la Waffen-SS – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Volontaires et conscrits étrangers de la Waffen-SS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truppe_straniere_nelle_Waffen-SS" title="Truppe straniere nelle Waffen-SS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Truppe straniere nelle Waffen-SS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volunt%C3%A1rios_e_recrutas_estrangeiros_da_Waffen-SS" title="Voluntários e recrutas estrangeiros da Waffen-SS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voluntários e recrutas estrangeiros da Waffen-SS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Recruits for the Waffen-SS in World War II</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1943sanok_kosciuszki_ukr_ss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1943sanok_kosciuszki_ukr_ss.jpg/220px-1943sanok_kosciuszki_ukr_ss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1943sanok_kosciuszki_ukr_ss.jpg/330px-1943sanok_kosciuszki_ukr_ss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1943sanok_kosciuszki_ukr_ss.jpg/440px-1943sanok_kosciuszki_ukr_ss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2359" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian volunteers of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Galician)" title="14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)">SS Galician Division</a> marching in <a href="/wiki/Sanok" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanok">Sanok</a>, May 1943</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-036-05,_Amin_al_Husseini_bei_bosnischen_SS-Freiwilligen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-036-05%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_bei_bosnischen_SS-Freiwilligen.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-036-05%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_bei_bosnischen_SS-Freiwilligen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-036-05%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_bei_bosnischen_SS-Freiwilligen.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-036-05%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_bei_bosnischen_SS-Freiwilligen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-036-05%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_bei_bosnischen_SS-Freiwilligen.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-036-05%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_bei_bosnischen_SS-Freiwilligen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniak</a> volunteers of the <a href="/wiki/13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian)" title="13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)">13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS "Handschar" (1st Croatian)</a> being inspected by <a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Haj Amin al-Husseini</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Brigadef%C3%BChrer" title="Brigadeführer">SS-Brigadeführer</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl-Gustav_Sauberzweig" title="Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig">Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig</a>, November 1943</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> recruited significant numbers of non-Germans, both as volunteers and conscripts. Of a peak strength of 950,000 in 1944, the Waffen-SS consisted of some 400,000 “Reich Germans” and 310,000 ethnic Germans from outside Germany’s pre-1939 borders (mostly from <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German-occupied Europe</a>), the remaining 240,000 being non-Germans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELumans2012223-1">[1]</a> Thus, at their numerical peak, non-Germans comprised 25% of all Waffen-SS troops.<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> The units were under the control of the <a href="/wiki/SS_F%C3%BChrungshauptamt" title="SS Führungshauptamt">SS Führungshauptamt</a> (SS Command Main Office) led by <a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>. Upon mobilisation, the units' tactical control was given to the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</a> (High Command of the Armed Forces).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198423-4">[3]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_Waffen-SS">History of the Waffen-SS</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of the Waffen-SS">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></div> The Waffen-SS (Armed SS) was created as the militarised wing of the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS; "Protective Squadron") of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>. Its origins can be traced back to the selection of a group of 120 SS men in 1933 by <a href="/wiki/Sepp_Dietrich" title="Sepp Dietrich">Sepp Dietrich</a> to form the Sonderkommando Berlin, which became the <a href="/wiki/1st_SS_Panzer_Division_Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" title="1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler</a> (LSSAH).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004144-5">[4]</a> In 1934, the SS developed its own military branch, the <a href="/wiki/SS-Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" title="SS-Verfügungstruppe">SS-Verfügungstruppe</a> (SS-VT), which together with the LSSAH, evolved into the Waffen-SS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004144-5">[4]</a> Nominally under the authority of Heinrich Himmler, the Waffen-SS developed a fully militarised structure of command and operations. It grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions during World War II, serving alongside the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">Heer</a> (army), while never formally being a part of it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200956,_57,_66-6">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> did not want the Waffen-SS integrated into either the army or the state police. Instead it was to remain an independent force of military-trained men at the disposal of the Führer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitlinger198984-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200956–66-8">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recruitment_and_conscription">Recruitment and conscription</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recruitment and conscription">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_SS_Tampere.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Finnish_SS_Tampere.png/220px-Finnish_SS_Tampere.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Finnish_SS_Tampere.png/330px-Finnish_SS_Tampere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Finnish_SS_Tampere.png/440px-Finnish_SS_Tampere.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Finnish_SS_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish SS Battalion">Finnish SS volunteers</a>, 1943</figcaption></figure> In 1934, Himmler initially set stringent requirements for recruits. They were to be German nationals who could prove their Aryan ancestry back to 1800, unmarried, and without a criminal record. Recruits had to be between the ages of 17 and 23, at least 1.74 metres (5 ft 9 in) tall (1.78 metres (5 ft 10 in) for the Leibstandarte). Recruits were required to have perfect teeth and eyesight and provide a medical certificate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale2010201–204-9">[8]</a> By 1938, the height restrictions were relaxed, up to six dental fillings were permitted, and eyeglasses for <a href="/wiki/Astigmatism" title="Astigmatism">astigmatism</a> and mild vision correction were allowed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale2010204-10">[9]</a> Once World War II began in Europe, the physical requirements were no longer strictly enforced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale2010204-10">[9]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> in 1940, Hitler authorised the enlistment of "people perceived to be of related stock", as Himmler put it, to expand the ranks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984150,_153-11">[10]</a> A number of Danes, Dutch, Norwegians, Swedes, and Finns volunteered to serve in the Waffen-SS under the command of German officers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoehl2004213–214-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012500,_674-13">[12]</a> Non-Germanic units were not considered to be part of the SS directly, which still maintained its strict racial criteria; instead they were considered to be foreign nationals serving under the command of the SS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012769-14">[13]</a> Not all members of the SS-Germanischen Leitstelle (SS-GL) or the RHSA stressed the nationalistic tenets of the Nazi state with respect to the war and occupation but instead looked to pan-Germanic ideas that included disempowering the political elites, while at the same time, integrating Germanic elements from other nations into the Reich on the basis of racial equality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWegner2010298-15">[14]</a> One of the leaders of the SS-GL, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Franz_Riedweg" title="Franz Riedweg">Franz Riedweg</a> (an SS-Colonel), unambiguously emphasized: <blockquote>"We must be clear about the fact that Germanic politics can only be resolved under the SS, not by the state, not by the bulk of the party!...We cannot build Europe as a police state under the protection of bayonets, but must shape the life of Europe according to greater Germanic viewpoints."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWegner2010298-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[b]</a></blockquote> Recruitment began in April 1940 with the creation of two regiments: Nordland (later <a href="/wiki/SS_Division_Nordland" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Division Nordland">SS Division Nordland</a>) and Westland (later <a href="/wiki/SS_Division_Wiking" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Division Wiking">SS Division Wiking</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984150,_153-11">[10]</a> As they grew in numbers, the volunteers were grouped into Legions (with the size of battalion or brigade); their members included the so-called Germanic non-Germans as well as ethnic German officers originating from the occupied territories. Against the Führer's wishes—who forbade using military units of so-called "racially inferior" persons—the SS added foreign recruits and used them to flexibly overcome manpower shortages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKottBubnysKraft2017162-17">[15]</a> Some of these foreign Waffen-SS units were employed for security purposes, among other things.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKottBubnysKraft2017162-17">[15]</a> After Germany invaded the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, recruits from <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the territory of occupied <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czechoslovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> were signed on.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984172,_179-18">[16]</a> By February 1942, Waffen-SS recruitment in south-east Europe turned into compulsory conscription for all German minorities of military age.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012611,_612-19">[17]</a> From 1942 onwards, further units of non-Germanic recruits were formed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012500,_674-13">[12]</a> Legions were formed of men from <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> as well as men from <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984178–189-20">[18]</a> By 1943 the Waffen-SS could no longer claim to be an "elite" fighting force overall. Recruitment and conscription based on "numerical over qualitative expansion" took place, with many of the "foreign" units being good for only rear-guard duty.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWegner1990307,_313,_325,_327–331-21">[19]</a> A system of nomenclature developed to formally distinguish personnel based on their place of origin. Germanic units would have the "SS" prefix, while non-Germanic units were designated with the "Waffen" prefix to their names.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017200-22">[20]</a> The formations with volunteers of Germanic background were officially named Freiwilligen (volunteer) (Scandinavians, Dutch, and Flemish), including ethnic Germans born outside the Reich known as <a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a>, and their members were from satellite countries. These were organised into independent legions and had the designation Waffen attached to their names for formal identification.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984xvi,_xviii,_151–164,_168–178-23">[21]</a> In addition, the German <a href="/wiki/5th_SS_Panzer_Division_Wiking" title="5th SS Panzer Division Wiking">SS Division Wiking</a> included recruits from <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and Estonia throughout its history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011324-24">[22]</a> Despite manpower shortages, the Waffen-SS was still based on the racist ideology of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017166–167-25">[23]</a> Early in 1943, the Waffen-SS accepted 12,643 of the 53,000 recruits it garnered in western Ukraine and by 1944 the number reached as high as 22,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017167-26">[24]</a> Recruitment efforts in 1943 in Estonia yielded about 5,000 soldiers for the <a href="/wiki/20th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Estonian)" title="20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)">20th Estonian SS Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlakans2011357-27">[25]</a> In Latvia, however, the Nazis were more successful, as, by 1944, there were upwards of 100,000 soldiers serving in the Latvian Waffen-SS divisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlakans2011357-27">[25]</a> Before the war's end, the foreigners who served in the Waffen-SS numbered "some 500,000", including those who were pressured into service or conscripted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984138-28">[26]</a> Historian Martin Gutmann adds that some of the additional forces came from "Eastern and Southeastern Europe, including Muslim soldiers from the Balkans."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutmann201731-29">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war">Post-war</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-war">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guards_in_Nurnberg_Prison_-_DPLA_-_d18c097cecdee0dea8d7cad210010d56.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Guards_in_Nurnberg_Prison_-_DPLA_-_d18c097cecdee0dea8d7cad210010d56.jpg/220px-Guards_in_Nurnberg_Prison_-_DPLA_-_d18c097cecdee0dea8d7cad210010d56.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Guards_in_Nurnberg_Prison_-_DPLA_-_d18c097cecdee0dea8d7cad210010d56.jpg/330px-Guards_in_Nurnberg_Prison_-_DPLA_-_d18c097cecdee0dea8d7cad210010d56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Guards_in_Nurnberg_Prison_-_DPLA_-_d18c097cecdee0dea8d7cad210010d56.jpg/440px-Guards_in_Nurnberg_Prison_-_DPLA_-_d18c097cecdee0dea8d7cad210010d56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="2893" /></a><figcaption>Former Baltic Waffen-SS conscripts, wearing black uniforms with blue helmets and white belts, guarding Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, and other top Nazis during the Nuremberg Trials</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a>, the Waffen-SS was declared a <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">criminal organisation</a> for its major involvement in <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and for being an "integral part" of the SS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004155,_156-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984251-31">[29]</a> Conscripts who were not given a choice as to joining the ranks and had not committed "such crimes" were determined to be exempt from this declaration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvalon_Project–Yale_University,_''Judgement:_The_Accused_Organizations''-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[c]</a> Belgian collaborator <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Léon Degrelle</a> escaped to Spain, despite being sentenced to death in absentia by the Belgian authorities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffiths2005144-34">[31]</a> About 150 Baltic soldiers from Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia who fought against the Soviets and escaped to Sweden were <a href="/wiki/Swedish_extradition_of_Baltic_soldiers" title="Swedish extradition of Baltic soldiers">extradited to the Soviet Union in 1946</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtar2013329–330-35">[32]</a> The men of the XV SS Cossack Corps found themselves in <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria" title="Allied-occupied Austria">Austria</a> at the end of the war and surrendered to the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>. Though they were given assurances that they would not be repatriated, the <a href="/wiki/Repatriation_of_Cossacks_after_World_War_II" title="Repatriation of Cossacks after World War II">Cossack prisoners of war</a> were nonetheless forcibly returned to the Soviet Union. Most along with their families were subsequently executed by the Soviet authorities for treason.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMueggenberg2020264–273-36">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[d]</a> After the war, members of Baltic Waffen-SS units were considered separate and distinct in purpose, ideology and activities from the German SS by the Western Allies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._Government1949174–177-38">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[e]</a> During the 1946 Nuremberg trials, Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians who were drafted into the Waffen-SS were determined not to be criminals for having been "wedged between, and subject to, the dictates of two authoritarian regimes."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201248-40">[35]</a> 11,000 Ukrainian members of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Galician)" title="14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)">14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)</a> fled westwards and surrendered to British troops in Italy. 3,000 of them were repatriated to the Soviet Union, with rest remaining in prisoner-of-war camps at <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a> as displaced persons; many became British or Canadian citizens after the war.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations_and_foreign_units_under_SS_control">Foreign Waffen-SS formations and foreign units under SS control</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Foreign Waffen-SS formations and foreign units under SS control">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_Waffen-SS_formations">Foreign Waffen-SS formations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Foreign Waffen-SS formations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">dynamic list</a> and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Special:EditPage/Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Designation </th> <th>Formation </th> <th>Personnel </th> <th>Peak size </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1st_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Division" title="1st SS Cossack Cavalry Division">1st SS Cossack Cavalry Division</a> </td> <td align="left">November 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994-41">[36]</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don</a>, Cuban, <a href="/wiki/Terek_Cossacks" title="Terek Cossacks">Terek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007189-42">[37]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">United with <a href="/wiki/2nd_Cossack_Cavalry_Division" title="2nd Cossack Cavalry Division">2nd Cossack Cavalry Division</a> into the <a href="/wiki/XV_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corps" title="XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps">XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps</a> in 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin1965400-43">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam19997-44">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Cossack_Cavalry_Division" title="2nd Cossack Cavalry Division">2nd Cossack Cavalry Division</a> </td> <td align="left">December 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994-41">[36]</a> </td> <td align="left">Don, Cuban and Terek <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007189-42">[37]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">United with <a href="/wiki/1st_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Division" title="1st SS Cossack Cavalry Division">1st SS Cossack Cavalry Division</a> into the <a href="/wiki/XV_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corps" title="XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps">XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin1965400-43">[38]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">SS Regiment ‘Westland’ </td> <td align="left">June 1940<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201531-45">[40]</a> </td> <td align="left">Dutch volunteers and Belgian Flemings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro20204-46">[41]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Absorbed in <a href="/wiki/5th_SS_Panzer_Division_Wiking" title="5th SS Panzer Division Wiking">5th SS Panzer Division Wiking</a> in December 1940<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro20204-46">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1979193-47">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">SS Regiment ‘Nordwest’ </td> <td align="left">April 1941<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro20205-48">[43]</a> </td> <td align="left">Dutch (1,400), Belgian Flemings (805) and Danes (108) volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1979194-49">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro20205-48">[43]</a> </td> <td align="left">2,500<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro20205-48">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1979194-49">[44]</a> </td> <td align="left">Disbanded in September 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro20205-48">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/5th_SS_Panzer_Division_Wiking" title="5th SS Panzer Division Wiking">5th SS Panzer Division 'Wiking'</a> </td> <td align="left">September 1940<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201532-50">[45]</a> </td> <td align="left">Dutch, Norwegian, Danish, Flemish, German, Swedish.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBender1971132-51">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham20071942-52">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[f]</a> </td> <td align="left">19,377<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019120-54">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201520-55">[49]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed by merging SS Regiment ‘Westland’ and 'Nordland'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201532-50">[45]</a> Mostly Reich Germans and Volksdeutsche.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201534-56">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/VI_SS_Army_Corps_(Latvian)" title="VI SS Army Corps (Latvian)">VI SS Army Corps (Latvian)</a> </td> <td align="left">October 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201223-57">[51]</a> </td> <td align="left">Latvian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201223-57">[51]</a> </td> <td align="left">31,500<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201223-57">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[g]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed in October 1943 with the Latvian brigade and Waffen-SS divisions (<a href="/wiki/15th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Latvian)" title="15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)">1st Latvian</a> and <a href="/wiki/19th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(2nd_Latvian)" title="19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian)">2nd Latvian)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201223-57">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/7th_SS_Volunteer_Mountain_Division_Prinz_Eugen" title="7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen">7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen</a> </td> <td align="left">March 1942<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZakić2017223-59">[52]</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a> (Ethnic Germans)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019242–243-60">[53]</a> from the Serbian <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> mostly<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200277-61">[54]</a> but also Croatia, Hungary and Romania<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009220-62">[55]</a> with some Reich German cadres<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZakić2017225-63">[56]</a> </td> <td align="left">20,624<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZakić2017225-63">[56]</a> </td> <td align="left">Germanic formation<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHetmanchuk201938–42-64">[57]</a> Volksdeutsche (92%) and Reich German<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019242–243-60">[53]</a> In January 1945 absorbed the remnants of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Skanderbeg" title="21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg">21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg</a> (1st Albanian) as a battalion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBéraud2021103-65">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/IX_SS_Mountain_Corps" title="IX SS Mountain Corps">IX Waffen Mountain Corps of the SS (Croatian)</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCrodenNutter2019122-66">[59]</a> </td> <td align="left">Albanian, Croatian,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCrodenNutter2019122-66">[59]</a> Bosnian Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepre1997251-67">[60]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from 'Kama' (2,000 men) and 'Handschar' (10,000 men)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepre1997251-67">[60]</a> as well as some German and Hungarian units.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCrodenNutter2019122-66">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/11th_SS_Volunteer_Panzergrenadier_Division_Nordland" title="11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland">11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division 'Nordland</a>' </td> <td align="left">March 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">Volksdeutsches from Romania and Reich Germans plus Danes, Norwegians, Dutches, Swedes and Belgian Flemings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019243-69">[62]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from Wiking's 'Nordland' Regiment,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019211-70">[63]</a> mostly Volksdeutsche Balkan personnel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019426-71">[64]</a> Also included Norwegians in SS-Volunteer-Panzer-Grenadier Regiment 23 "Norge"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham20071949-72">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian)" title="13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)">13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)</a> </td> <td align="left">March 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">Bosnian Muslims with some Catholic Croats, Albanian Muslims<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202387-73">[66]</a> and German cadres.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001498–499-74">[67]</a> </td> <td align="left">26,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001498–499-74">[67]</a> </td> <td align="left">First non-Germanic Waffen-SS division<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001496-75">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">SS-Waffen-Gebirgsjäger Battalion 13 </td> <td align="left">March 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">Albanian Muslims from Kosovo and Sanjak.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202388-76">[69]</a> </td> <td align="left">1,340<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202388-76">[69]</a> </td> <td align="left">Part of SS Waffen Gebirgsjäger Regiment 2 under <a href="/wiki/13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian)" title="13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)">13th Division of the SS Handschar</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202388-76">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Galician)" title="14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)">14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician/Ukrainian)</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">Ukrainian volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">In November 1944, renamed 1st Ukrainian Division of the Ukrainian National Army" (1st UD UNA).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019426-71">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017200-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[h]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/15th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Latvian)" title="15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)">15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)</a> </td> <td align="left">May 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019256-78">[70]</a> </td> <td align="left">Latvian conscripts<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019256-78">[70]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/XV_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corps" title="XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps">XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps</a> </td> <td align="left">December 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994-41">[36]</a> </td> <td align="left">Don, Cuban, Terek and Siberian <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007189-42">[37]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from the 1st and 2nd Cossack Cavalry Division, and the Cossack Plastun Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994-41">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/19th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(2nd_Latvian)" title="19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian)">19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian)</a> </td> <td align="left">February 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019256-78">[70]</a> </td> <td align="left">Latvian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Latvian SS Volunteer Legion </td> <td align="left">February 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201221-79">[71]</a> </td> <td align="left">Latvian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201221-79">[71]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Merged to form the <a href="/wiki/15th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Latvian)" title="15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)">15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/20th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Estonian)" title="20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)">20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)</a> </td> <td align="left">January 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">Estonians<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from the 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade, Wiking's Estonian "Narwa" Battalion<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019427-80">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Estonian_SS_Volunteer_Brigade" title="3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade">3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade</a> </td> <td align="left">October 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201213-81">[73]</a> </td> <td align="left">Estonians<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201214-82">[74]</a> </td> <td align="left">5,099<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201214-82">[74]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed from the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Legion" title="Estonian Legion">Estonian Legion</a>, became the <a href="/wiki/20th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Estonian)" title="20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)">20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)</a> in 1944. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Legion" title="Estonian Legion">Estonian SS Legion</a> </td> <td align="left">August 1942<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019255-83">[75]</a> </td> <td align="left">Estonians<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201214-82">[74]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Waffen-SS-organized, brigade size<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019255-83">[75]</a> expanded into the 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade, followed by the <a href="/wiki/20th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Estonian)" title="20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)">20th Division of the SS (1st Estonian)</a> in 1944. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/21st_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Skanderbeg" title="21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg">21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian)</a> </td> <td align="left">May 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZakić2017223-59">[52]</a> </td> <td align="left">Albanian Muslims (mostly Kosovo <a href="/wiki/Ghegs" title="Ghegs">Gheg Albanians</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2002154-84">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202390-85">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBéraud2021102-86">[78]</a> with German, Austrian and Volksdeutsche cadres<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2002154-84">[76]</a> </td> <td align="left">9,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202388-76">[69]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed from volunteers supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania#Government" title="German occupation of Albania">Albanian collaborationist government</a>, as well as Croatian <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Militia" title="Ustaše Militia">Ustaša militias</a> and <a href="/wiki/13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian)" title="13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)">SS "Handschar" division</a> Albanian personnel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBougarelKorbPetkeZaugg2017256-87">[79]</a> Disbanded in November 1944 with some members joining ‘Prinz Eugen’.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019427-80">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn199424-88">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/22nd_SS_Volunteer_Cavalry_Division_Maria_Theresia" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd SS Volunteer Cavalry Division Maria Theresia">22nd SS Volunteer Cavalry Division Maria Theresia</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Volksdeutsche from Hungary and Hungarians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019428-89">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011388-90">[82]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/23rd_SS_Volunteer_Panzer_Grenadier_Division_Nederland" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland">23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division 'Nederland'</a> </td> <td align="left">February 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019428-89">[81]</a> </td> <td align="left">Dutch<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from the 4th Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Brigade Nederland and SS Legion Nederland. Received number 23 after SS Kama was disbanded<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHetmanchuk201938–42-64">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Legion_Netherlands" title="Volunteer Legion Netherlands">4th SS Panzer Grenadier Brigade Nederland</a> </td> <td align="left">October 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Roekel202224-91">[83]</a> </td> <td align="left">Dutch (40%), Reich Germans and Volksdeutsche.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019244-92">[84]</a> </td> <td align="left">5,426<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019244-92">[84]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed from Volunteer Legion Nederland upgraded to <a href="/wiki/23rd_SS_Volunteer_Panzer_Grenadier_Division_Nederland" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland">23rd SS Volunteer Division Nederland</a> on 10 February 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Roekel202224-91">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/23rd_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Kama_(2nd_Croatian)" title="23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Kama (2nd Croatian)">23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Kama (2nd Croatian)</a> </td> <td align="left">June 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019428-89">[81]</a> </td> <td align="left">Bosnian Muslims, Croats and Volksdeutsche<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHetmanchuk201938–42-64">[57]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/24th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Karstj%C3%A4ger" title="24th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Karstjäger">24th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Karstjäger</a> </td> <td align="left">August 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham200794-93">[85]</a> </td> <td align="left">Volksdeutsche from Yugoslavia and the South Tyrol<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994267-94">[86]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Downgraded to brigade in January 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham200795-95">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/25th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_Hunyadi_(1st_Hungarian)" title="25th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Hunyadi (1st Hungarian)">25th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Hunyadi (1st Hungarian)</a> </td> <td align="left">November 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham200795-95">[87]</a> </td> <td align="left">Hungarian volunteers and conscripts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011388-90">[82]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/26th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(2nd_Hungarian)" title="26th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Hungarian)">26th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS 'Hungaria' (2nd Hungarian)</a> </td> <td align="left">November 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019429-96">[88]</a> </td> <td align="left">Hungarian volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham200796-97">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011388-90">[82]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/27th_SS_Volunteer_Grenadier_Division_Langemarck_(1st_Flemish)" class="mw-redirect" title="27th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Langemarck (1st Flemish)">27th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Langemarck (1st Flemish)</a> </td> <td align="left">May 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro202144-98">[90]</a> </td> <td align="left">Belgian Flemish with a few Finnish volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro202144-98">[90]</a> </td> <td align="left">2,022<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro202145-99">[91]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed from the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Legion" title="Flemish Legion">Flemish Legion</a> as 6th SS Volunteer Assault Brigade Langemarck,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019244-92">[84]</a> upgraded to division in December 1944.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin196520-100">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Legion" title="Walloon Legion">28th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division 'Wallonia'</a> </td> <td align="left">September 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1979177-101">[93]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed when 5th SS Assault Brigade Wallonia was raised to a division.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019430-102">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Legion" title="Walloon Legion">SS Volunteer Assault Brigade 'Wallonia'</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Belgian Walloons<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019246-103">[95]</a> </td> <td align="left">1,850<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019246-103">[95]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed when the <a href="/wiki/Walloon_Legion" title="Walloon Legion">Walloon Legion</a> was admitted into the Waffen SS<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1979177-101">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/29th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_RONA_(1st_Russian)" class="mw-redirect" title="29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS RONA (1st Russian)">29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS RONA (1st Russian)</a> </td> <td align="left">June 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019430-102">[94]</a> </td> <td align="left">Russian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011390–391-104">[96]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from the <a href="/wiki/Kaminski_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaminski Brigade">Kaminski Brigade</a> (RONA), became division in August 44,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019428-89">[81]</a> received number in August.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011390–391-104">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/29th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Italian)" title="29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Italian)">29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Italian)</a> </td> <td align="left">September 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019430-102">[94]</a> </td> <td align="left">Italian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015676-68">[61]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Established as Italian SS Volunteer Legion,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009325–326-105">[97]</a> then Waffen-Grenadier-Brigade der SS (ital. Nr. 1).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011389-106">[98]</a> Received number 29 after SS RONA was disbanded<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHetmanchuk201938–42-64">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/30th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS" title="30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS">30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS</a> (Russian No. 2) </td> <td align="left">Aug 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007100-107">[99]</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Byelorussian</a>, Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Tartar with German officers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERein2011370-108">[100]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Disbanded in December 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERein2011375-109">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/30th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Belarusian)" class="mw-redirect" title="30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Belarusian)">30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Belarusian)</a> </td> <td align="left">Aug 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERein2011370-108">[100]</a> </td> <td align="left">Belarusian, Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERein2011370-108">[100]</a> </td> <td align="left">10,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavin2021-110">[102]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed from <a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft-Brigade_Siegling" title="Schutzmannschaft-Brigade Siegling">Schutzmannschaft-Brigade Siegling</a> personnel<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessinKannapin2000105-111">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/31st_SS_Volunteer_Grenadier_Division" title="31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division">31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division</a> </td> <td align="left">January 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019432-112">[104]</a> </td> <td align="left">Volksdeutsche from the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranja</a> region <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019432-112">[104]</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994120-113">[105]</a> </td> <td align="left">14,800<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPencz2010145-114">[106]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed partially from remnants of the disbanded <a href="/wiki/23rd_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Kama_(2nd_Croatian)" title="23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Kama (2nd Croatian)">23rd Mountain Division 'Kama</a>'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994120-113">[105]</a> Allegedly named 'Bohemia-Moravia'<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin196520-100">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/33rd_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_Charlemagne" title="33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne">33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne</a> </td> <td align="left">Feb 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987172-115">[107]</a> </td> <td align="left">French<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2015709-116">[108]</a> </td> <td align="left">7,340<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987170-117">[109]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed from <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_French_Volunteers_Against_Bolshevism" title="Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism">LVF</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Volunteer_Sturmbrigade_France" title="SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France">Brigade Frankreich</a> and other French collaborators.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987170-117">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/33rd_Waffen_Cavalry_Division_of_the_SS_(3rd_Hungarian)" title="33rd Waffen Cavalry Division of the SS (3rd Hungarian)">33rd Waffen Cavalry Division of the SS (3rd Hungarian)</a> </td> <td align="left">December 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007101-118">[110]</a> </td> <td align="left">Hungarian volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007101-118">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011388-90">[82]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Absorbed in January 1945 by the 26th SS Panzer Grenadier Division (Ungarische # 2)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007101-118">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/34th_SS_Volunteer_Grenadier_Division_Landstorm_Nederland" title="34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm Nederland">34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division 'Landstorm Nederland</a>' </td> <td align="left">November 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007102-119">[111]</a> </td> <td align="left">Dutch<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007102-119">[111]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed as Landstorm Nederland then in November 1944 integrated as SS Brigade 'Landstorm Nederland',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011389-106">[98]</a> upgraded to division in February 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007102-119">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Volunteer Legion of the Waffen-SS</a> </td> <td align="left">August 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndréAndréKohlbauer2022155-120">[112]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from the Indian Grenadier Regiment 950.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin196521-121">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/35th_SS-Police_Grenadier_Division" title="35th SS-Police Grenadier Division">35th SS-Police Grenadier Division</a> </td> <td align="left">February 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007101-118">[110]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from police personnel, near the end of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019432-112">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/36th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="36th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS">36th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS</a> </td> <td align="left">February 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007102-119">[111]</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984265-122">[114]</a> </td> <td align="left">4,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007102-119">[111]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formerly Dirlewanger Assault Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007102-119">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/37th_SS_Volunteer_Cavalry_Division_L%C3%BCtzow" title="37th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division Lützow">37th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division Lützow</a> </td> <td align="left">February 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdegardDeeter196861-123">[115]</a> </td> <td align="left">Hungarians,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdegardDeeter196861-123">[115]</a> and Volksdeutsche from Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019432-112">[104]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Attached to the <a href="/wiki/6th_Panzer_Army" title="6th Panzer Army">6th SS Panzer Army</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdegardDeeter196861-123">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SS_Ski_J%C3%A4ger_Battalion_%22Norwegen%22" title="SS Ski Jäger Battalion "Norwegen"">SS Ski Jäger Battalion "Norwegen"</a> </td> <td align="left">September 1942<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBéraud202154-124">[116]</a> </td> <td align="left">Norwegian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohansen2016362-125">[117]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Part of the <a href="/wiki/6th_SS_Mountain_Division_Nord" title="6th SS Mountain Division Nord">6th SS Mountain Division Nord</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohansen2016362-125">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Legion" title="Norwegian Legion">Norwegian Legion</a> </td> <td align="left">June 1941<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStahel2018329-126">[118]</a> </td> <td align="left">Norwegian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStahel2018329-126">[118]</a> </td> <td align="left">1,218 </td> <td align="left">de facto incorporated into the Waffen- SS<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStahel2018334-127">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SS_Volunteer_Sturmbrigade_France" title="SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France">SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbes201055-128">[120]</a> </td> <td align="left">French<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBéraud202154-124">[116]</a> </td> <td align="left">1,688<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbes201062-129">[121]</a> </td> <td align="left">In September 1944 the Sturmbrigade brigade was amalgamated with the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_French_Volunteers_Against_Bolshevism" title="Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism">Legion of French Volunteers (L.V.F)</a>, which became the core of the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_Charlemagne_(1st_French)" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French)">SS Division Charlemagne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987161,_170,_172-130">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Waffen_Grenadier_Regiment_of_the_SS_(1st_Bulgarian)" title="Waffen Grenadier Regiment of the SS (1st Bulgarian)">Waffen Grenadier Regiment of the SS (1st Bulgarian)</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Legion" title="Flemish Legion">SS-Freiwilligen Legion Flandern</a> </td> <td align="left">September 1941<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro202119-131">[123]</a> </td> <td align="left">Flemish<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro202118-132">[124]</a> </td> <td align="left">875<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984154-133">[125]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed from the Flemish Legion disbanded in May 1943 and reformed within the SS Assault Brigade Langemarck<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdegardDeeter196811-134">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Volunteer_Battalion_of_the_Waffen-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS">Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS</a> </td> <td align="left">March 1941<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPajunenKarjalainen201914-135">[127]</a> </td> <td align="left">Finnish<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011388-90">[82]</a> </td> <td align="left">1,408<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWesterlund201912-136">[128]</a> </td> <td align="left">disbanded in mid-1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPajunenKarjalainen201928-137">[129]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_volunteers_in_the_Waffen-SS#Finnish_SS-Company" title="Finnish volunteers in the Waffen-SS">Finnish SS-Company 'Kalevala'</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJokipii2002158-160-138">[130]</a> </td> <td align="left">1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELappalainen1997114–115-139">[131]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed of Finnish defectors, POWs and interned sailors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWesterlund201058-72-140">[132]</a> </td> <td align="left">250<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELappalainen1997114–115-139">[131]</a> </td> <td align="left">Disbanded in May 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWesterlund201058-72-140">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1st Hungarian SS-Ski Battalion<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKursietisMunoz199961-141">[133]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed of two battalions<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKursietisMunoz199961-141">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">SS-Brigade Ney </td> <td align="left">October 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters2010318-142">[134]</a> </td> <td align="left">Hungarian volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernádKliment2015295-143">[135]</a> </td> <td align="left">3,100<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernádKliment2015295-143">[135]</a> </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">SS Waffen Mountain Brigade (Tatar No. 1)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011391-144">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam19997-44">[39]</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuñoz200198-145">[137]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from the SS Waffen Mountain Regiment (Tatar No. 1),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuñoz200198-145">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">SS Waffen Mountain Regiment (Tatar No. 1)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011391-144">[136]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Upgraded to SS Waffen Mountain Brigade (Tatar No. 1) in July 1944.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuñoz200198-145">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_SS_volunteer_formations#Osttürkische_Waffen-Verbände_der_SS" title="Azerbaijani SS volunteer formations">East Turkish Armed League of the SS</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale201117-146">[138]</a> </td> <td align="left">January 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011332-147">[139]</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmen</a>, Azeri, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tadjiki</a> volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011332-147">[139]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Muslim SS division based in northern Italy, recruited in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale201117-146">[138]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Waffen_Grenadier_Regiment_of_the_SS_(1st_Romanian)" title="Waffen Grenadier Regiment of the SS (1st Romanian)">Waffen Grenadier Regiment of the SS (1st Romanian)</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011390-148">[140]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Waffen Grenadier Regiment of the SS (2nd Romanian)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011390-148">[140]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Spanische-Freiwilligen-Kompanie der SS 101 </td> <td align="left">September 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie2003205-149">[141]</a> </td> <td align="left">Spaniard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie2003205-149">[141]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from former <a href="/wiki/Blue_Legion" title="Blue Legion">Blue Legion</a> personnel, merged into the <a href="/wiki/28th_SS_Volunteer_Grenadier_Division_Wallonien" class="mw-redirect" title="28th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Wallonien">28th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Wallonien</a> and later into the 11th SS Grenadier Division ‘Nordland’.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloret2020228-150">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie2003205-149">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Spanische-Freiwilligen-Kompanie der SS 102<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011390-148">[140]</a> </td> <td align="left">January 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie2003205-149">[141]</a> </td> <td align="left">Spaniard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie2003205-149">[141]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_units_under_SS_command">Foreign units under SS command</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign units under SS command">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">dynamic list</a> and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Special:EditPage/Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Designation </th> <th>Formation </th> <th>Personnel </th> <th>Peak size </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Corps_Denmark" title="Free Corps Denmark">Freikorps Danmark</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1941<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201536-151">[143]</a> </td> <td align="left">Danish volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201536-151">[143]</a> </td> <td align="left">1,164<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984154-133">[125]</a> </td> <td align="left">Battalion sized,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201537-152">[144]</a> disbanded in May 1943,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstes201539-153">[145]</a> personnel transferred to the Nordland Division.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn198794-154">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a> </td> <td align="left">April 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987102-155">[147]</a> </td> <td align="left">Danes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987102-155">[147]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed with former Freikorps soldiers, disbanded in February 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987107-156">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Guard Corps of the German Luftwaffe in Denmark </td> <td align="left">February 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987112-157">[149]</a> </td> <td align="left">Danes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987112-157">[149]</a> </td> <td align="left">1,200<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987112-157">[149]</a> </td> <td align="left">Known as ‘Sommer's Guard Corps’.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987112-157">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Legion_Netherlands" title="Volunteer Legion Netherlands">Volunteer Legion Netherlands</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1941<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Roekel202223-158">[150]</a> </td> <td align="left">Dutch<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Roekel202224-91">[83]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed by the Waffen‐SS, led by Dutch officers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Roekel202224-91">[83]</a> In April 1943 became the SS‐Freiwilligen Panzergrenadier Brigade ‘Nederland’ and in January 1945 absorbed in the <a href="/wiki/23rd_SS_Volunteer_Panzer_Grenadier_Division_Nederland" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland">23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division 'Nederland'</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfieroBujeiro20205-48">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/German-Croatian_Police" title="German-Croatian Police">German-Croatian SS Police and Gendarmerie</a> </td> <td align="left">March 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet202073-159">[151]</a> </td> <td align="left">Croatian volunteers or conscripts with German and Volksdeutsche cadres.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrnardicAralica201639–40-160">[152]</a> </td> <td align="left">32,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrnardicAralica201639–40-160">[152]</a> </td> <td align="left">A police force under the command of the German <a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsführer">Reichsführer</a>-SS <a href="/wiki/Plenipotentiary" title="Plenipotentiary">Plenipotentiary</a> for Croatia SS-<a href="/wiki/Brigadef%C3%BChrer" title="Brigadeführer">Brigadeführer</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kammerhofer" title="Konstantin Kammerhofer">Konstantin Kammerhofer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2002285-161">[153]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a> </td> <td align="left">November 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin1965400-43">[38]</a> </td> <td align="left">Serbian<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001194-162">[154]</a> </td> <td align="left">9,886<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001194-162">[154]</a> </td> <td align="left">Serbian collaborationist militia, placed under Waffen SS command during the German withdrawal from Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin1965596-163">[155]</a> It was renamed Serbian S.S. Corps (Serbisches S.S. Korps) in March 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994255-164">[156]</a> Its integration into the Waffen-SS was intended but never carried out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin1965117-165">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Gestapo" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Gestapo">Serbian Gestapo</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1942<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkovićMilovanovićRebić1979183-166">[158]</a> </td> <td align="left">Serbian </td> <td align="left">121<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadanović2016595-167">[159]</a> </td> <td align="left">Disbanded in February 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">North African Legion </td> <td align="left">January 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987184-168">[160]</a> </td> <td align="left">Algerian (from the Paris region) with French cadres<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987184-168">[160]</a> </td> <td align="left">300<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987184-168">[160]</a> </td> <td align="left">Established by the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987184-168">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Government_Army_(Bohemia_and_Moravia)#Related_forces" title="Government Army (Bohemia and Moravia)">St. Wenceslas Company</a> </td> <td align="left">March 1945<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn199424-88">[80]</a> </td> <td align="left">Czech volunteers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn199424-88">[80]</a> </td> <td align="left">13<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn199424-88">[80]</a> </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Army</a> </td> <td align="left">September 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994261-169">[161]</a> </td> <td align="left">Slovene<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994261-169">[161]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">Formed from collaborationist units under SS control <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1994261-169">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SS_Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment_Sandschak" title="SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak">SS Polizei – Selbstschutz – Regiment Sandschak</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202387-73">[66]</a> </td> <td align="left">Albanian Muslims (from Kosovo and <a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak" title="Sandžak">Sandžak</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202387-73">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBougarelKorbPetkeZaugg2017266-170">[162]</a> </td> <td align="left">4,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes202387-73">[66]</a> </td> <td align="left">Albanian Muslim unit set up in the <a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak" title="Sandžak">Sandžak</a> by SS and Police Leader <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Krempler" title="Karl von Krempler">Karl von Krempler</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBougarelKorbPetkeZaugg2017266-170">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bezen_Perrot" title="Bezen Perrot">Breton SS Armed Formation</a> </td> <td align="left">Dec 1943<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroderick20055–7-171">[163]</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Bretons</a> French </td> <td align="left">80<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroderick20055–7-171">[163]</a> </td> <td align="left">Established by the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987185-172">[164]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/British_Free_Corps" title="British Free Corps">British Free Corps</a> </td> <td align="left">January 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019246-103">[95]</a> </td> <td align="left">British PoW<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019246-103">[95]</a> </td> <td align="left">54<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurlow1998168-173">[165]</a> </td> <td align="left">Initially called the Legion of St. George<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2019246-103">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Caucasian-Mohammedan_Legion" title="Caucasian-Mohammedan Legion">Caucasian-Muslim Legion</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011330-174">[166]</a> </td> <td align="left">December 1941<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011330-174">[166]</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azeris</a>, Dagestanis, <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingusges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezgins</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011330-174">[166]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">SS East Turk Armed Formation<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinSchwanitz2014149-175">[167]</a> </td> <td align="left">July 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinSchwanitz2014149-175">[167]</a> </td> <td align="left">Turkic ethnic groups<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinSchwanitz2014149-175">[167]</a> </td> <td align="left">3,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinSchwanitz2014149-175">[167]</a> </td> <td align="left">Formed from the merging of the Turkestan unit, a Soviet Muslim formation established in January 1944.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinSchwanitz2014149-175">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Legions" title="Tatar Legions">Tatar Legions</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_SS_Volunteer_Formations#Kaukasischer_Waffen-Verband_der_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri SS Volunteer Formations">Kaukasische Waffen-Verbände der SS</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011390-148">[140]</a> </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waffen-SS_volunteers_and_conscripts_by_country">Waffen-SS volunteers and conscripts by country</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Waffen-SS volunteers and conscripts by country">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albania">Albania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Albania">edit</a>]</div> Total: 6,500 to 8,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200995-176">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Belgium">edit</a>]</div> Total: 18,000 (about "evenly divided between Flemings and Walloons")<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984136-177">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bohemia_and_Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bohemia and Moravia">edit</a>]</div> Total: 77<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn1987b238-178">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Denmark">edit</a>]</div> Total: 6,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984136,_137-179">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estonia">Estonia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Estonia">edit</a>]</div> Total: 20,000 officially entered in the Waffen-SS<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller2012169-180">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[i]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Finland">edit</a>]</div> Total: 1,180<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984161-182">[173]</a> to 3,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200995-176">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hungary">edit</a>]</div> Total: 20,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200995-176">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: India">edit</a>]</div> Total: 4,500<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984189-183">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Italy">edit</a>]</div> Total: 15,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200995-176">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latvia">Latvia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Latvia">edit</a>]</div> Total: 80,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200995-176">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[j]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Netherlands">edit</a>]</div> Total: 20,000 to 25,000<a href="#cite_note-185">[k]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Norway">edit</a>]</div> Total: 6,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984136–137-186">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sweden">edit</a>]</div> Total: 180<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsson201517-187">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[l]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> In total, approximately 1,300 Swiss volunteers joined the Waffen-SS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutmann201720-189">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[m]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> Total: 54<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurlow1998168-173">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Waffen-SS" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Waffen-SS_units" title="List of Waffen-SS units">List of Waffen-SS units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Germans_in_the_German_armed_forces_during_World_War_II" title="Non-Germans in the German armed forces during World War II">Non-Germans in the German armed forces during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_in_popular_culture" title="Waffen-SS in popular culture">Waffen-SS in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts">Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> These figures vary slightly. For instance, historian George H. Stein recorded that only 500,000 non-Germans and ethnic Germans from outside Germany, mostly from German-occupied Europe, were recruited between 1940 and 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984133-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> The original German reads: "Wir müssen uns darüber im klaren sein, daß die germanische Politik nur unter der SS gelöst werden kann, nicht vom Staat, nicht vom Gros der Partei!...Wir können Europa nicht als Polizeistaat aufbauen unter dem Schutz von Bajonetten, sondern müssen das Leben Europas nach großgermanischen Gesichtspunkten gestalten"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWegner2010298-15">[14]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> A number of volunteers were executed, while others were tried and imprisoned by their countries. Still others either lived in exile or returned to their homeland. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Most of these Cossacks had left Russia before or soon after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> or had been born abroad, and thus had never been Soviet citizens. See the following primary source document: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928204604/http://www.holycross-hermitage.com/pages/Orthodox_Life/cossacks.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20070928204604/http://www.holycross-hermitage.com/pages/Orthodox_Life/cossacks.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Also see: Richard Rashke, Useful Enemies: America's Open-Door Policy for Nazi War Criminals, Open Road Media (2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Incorporated from Regiment SS-Westland and SS-Nordland into the <a href="/wiki/5th_SS_Panzer_Division_Wiking" title="5th SS Panzer Division Wiking">5th SS Panzer Division Wiking</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham20071942-52">[47]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Number of Latvians serving in the Latvian Waffen SS in July 1944<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasJuradoPavlovic201223-57">[51]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> According to Andrii Bolianovskyi, the change of the division's official names illustrates the change of attitude of the Third Reich towards Ukrainian national aspirations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017200-22">[20]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> Historian Rolf-Dieter Müller points out that an additional 20,000 Estonians served in SS frontier guard regiments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller2012169-180">[172]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> Historian Andrejs Plakans puts this figure at 100,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlakans2011357-27">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://publications.niod.knaw.nl/publications/Veld_SSenNederland_01.pdf">http://publications.niod.knaw.nl/publications/Veld_SSenNederland_01.pdf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> See: Bosse Schön, "Svenskarna som stred för Hitler" ("The Swedes who fought for Hitler"), (2000) [1999], <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-1765-7208-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-1765-7208-5">978-9-1765-7208-5</a>, p. 119 + 4 unnumbered pages (a photo of Christmas greetings for named men of the "Swedish" Waffen-SS unit Sveaborg in the Swedish pro-Nazi paper/magazine "Den Svenske" Swedes and Estonian-Swedish Waffen-SS volunteers fought in various SS units. Bosse Schön identifies various units. Many of them were from <a href="/wiki/Norrland" title="Norrland">Norrland</a>, Stockholm, Göteborg and had fought <a href="/wiki/Foreign_support_of_Finland_in_the_Winter_War" title="Foreign support of Finland in the Winter War">for Finland</a>. A significant number of them were members of <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(Sweden)" title="National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)">NSAP/SSS</a> with about 60% between 17 and 25 years of age. Also see: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.svd.se/aventyret-lockade-svenskar-till-ss">https://www.svd.se/aventyret-lockade-svenskar-till-ss</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> Of particular note was Swiss-born SS Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Riedweg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Riedweg (page does not exist)">Hans Riedweg</a>, the de facto leader of the Germanische Leitstelle's Germanic recruits. Riedweg gave a speech in 1943, criticizing the manner in which the SS handled the <a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">escape of 7,000 Danish Jews</a> from Nazi-held territory. He and fellow Germanic volunteers from neutral Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland were stripped of leadership roles and sent to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>, where most perished. See: Richard Byers, "Byers on Gutmann, 'Building a Nazi Europe: The SS's Germanic Volunteers'", H-War (August 2018) at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://networks.h-net.org/node/12840/reviews/2140807/byers-gutmann-building-nazi-europe-sss-germanic-volunteers">https://networks.h-net.org/node/12840/reviews/2140807/byers-gutmann-building-nazi-europe-sss-germanic-volunteers</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELumans2012223-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELumans2012223_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLumans2012">Lumans 2012</a>, p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984133-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984133_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198423-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198423_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004144-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004144_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004144_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFlaherty2004">Flaherty 2004</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200956,_57,_66-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200956,_57,_66_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, pp. 56, 57, 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitlinger198984-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitlinger198984_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitlinger1989">Reitlinger 1989</a>, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200956–66-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200956–66_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, pp. 56–66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale2010201–204-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale2010201–204_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeale2010">Weale 2010</a>, pp. 201–204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale2010204-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale2010204_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale2010204_10-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeale2010">Weale 2010</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984150,_153-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984150,_153_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984150,_153_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, pp. 150, 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoehl2004213–214-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoehl2004213–214_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoehl2004">Koehl 2004</a>, pp. 213–214. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012500,_674-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012500,_674_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012500,_674_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2012">Longerich 2012</a>, pp. 500, 674. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012769-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012769_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2012">Longerich 2012</a>, p. 769. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWegner2010298-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWegner2010298_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWegner2010298_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWegner2010298_15-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFWegner2010">Wegner 2010</a>, p. 298. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKottBubnysKraft2017162-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKottBubnysKraft2017162_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKottBubnysKraft2017162_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKottBubnysKraft2017">Kott, Bubnys & Kraft 2017</a>, p. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984172,_179-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984172,_179_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, pp. 172, 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012611,_612-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012611,_612_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2012">Longerich 2012</a>, pp. 611, 612. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984178–189-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984178–189_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, pp. 178–189. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWegner1990307,_313,_325,_327–331-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWegner1990307,_313,_325,_327–331_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWegner1990">Wegner 1990</a>, pp. 307, 313, 325, 327–331. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017200-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017200_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017200_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017200_22-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017">Młynarczyk et al. 2017</a>, p. 200. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984xvi,_xviii,_151–164,_168–178-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984xvi,_xviii,_151–164,_168–178_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, pp. xvi, xviii, 151–164, 168–178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale2011324-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHale2011324_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHale2011">Hale 2011</a>, p. 324. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017166–167-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017166–167_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017">Młynarczyk et al. 2017</a>, pp. 166–167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017167-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017167_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017">Młynarczyk et al. 2017</a>, p. 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlakans2011357-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlakans2011357_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlakans2011357_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlakans2011357_27-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlakans2011">Plakans 2011</a>, p. 357. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984138-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984138_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutmann201731-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutmann201731_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGutmann2017">Gutmann 2017</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004155,_156-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004155,_156_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFlaherty2004">Flaherty 2004</a>, pp. 155, 156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984251-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984251_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 251. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvalon_Project–Yale_University,_''Judgement:_The_Accused_Organizations''-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvalon_Project–Yale_University,_''Judgement:_The_Accused_Organizations''_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvalon_Project–Yale_University,_Judgement:_The_Accused_Organizations">Avalon Project–Yale University, Judgement: The Accused Organizations</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffiths2005144-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffiths2005144_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGriffiths2005">Griffiths 2005</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtar2013329–330-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtar2013329–330_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFButtar2013">Buttar 2013</a>, pp. 329–330. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMueggenberg2020264–273-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMueggenberg2020264–273_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMueggenberg2020">Mueggenberg 2020</a>, pp. 264–273. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._Government1949174–177-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._Government1949174–177_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFU.S._Government1949">U.S. Government 1949</a>, pp. 174–177. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201248-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201248_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMole2012">Mole 2012</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994_41-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerriam19994_41-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFMerriam1999">Merriam 1999</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007189-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007189_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007189_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitcham2007189_42-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitcham2007">Mitcham 2007</a>, p. 189. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin1965400-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETessin1965400_43-0">a</a> <a 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ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfieroBujeiro2020" class="citation book cs1">Afiero, M.; Bujeiro, R. 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(2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=viYfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2">Belgian Waffen-SS Legions & Brigades, 1941–1944: Wallonie, Wallonien, Flandern & Langemarck</a>. Men-at-Arms. 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Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3581-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3581-0"><bdi>978-0-8117-3581-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+Europe%3A+The+French+Volunteers+of+the+Waffen-SS&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-3581-0&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2019" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Adrian (2019). Waffen-SS: Hitler's Army at War. New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82465-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82465-4"><bdi>978-0-306-82465-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waffen-SS%3A+Hitler%27s+Army+at+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-306-82465-4&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2005" class="citation book cs1">Griffiths, Richard (2005). Fascism. London: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7856-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7856-6"><bdi>978-0-8264-7856-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-7856-6&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutmann2017" class="citation book cs1">Gutmann, Martin R. (2017). Building a Nazi Europe: The SS's Germanic Volunteers. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-15543-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-15543-5"><bdi>978-1-107-15543-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+a+Nazi+Europe%3A+The+SS%27s+Germanic+Volunteers&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-107-15543-5&rft.aulast=Gutmann&rft.aufirst=Martin+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hale" title="Christopher Hale">Hale, Christopher</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorypress.com/publication/hitlers-foreign-executioners/9780752459745/">Hitler's Foreign Executioners: Europe's Dirty Secret</a>. The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-5974-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-5974-5"><bdi>978-0-7524-5974-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Foreign+Executioners%3A+Europe%27s+Dirty+Secret&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-5974-5&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorypress.com%2Fpublication%2Fhitlers-foreign-executioners%2F9780752459745%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHetmanchuk2019" class="citation journal cs1">Hetmanchuk, M. P. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?I21DBN=LINK&P21DBN=UJRN&Z21ID=&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20&S21STN=1&S21FMT=ASP_meta&C21COM=S&2_S21P03=FILA=&2_S21STR=gileya_2019_141(1)__8">"Foreign military formations of the SS – European Army of the Third Reich (1939–1945)"</a>. Гілея: науковий вісник. 141 (1). Українська академія наук, Національний педагогічний університет імені М. П. Драгоманова: 38–42. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2076-1554">2076-1554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.atitle=Foreign+military+formations+of+the+SS+%E2%80%93+European+Army+of+the+Third+Reich+%281939%E2%80%931945%29&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38-42&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=2076-1554&rft.aulast=Hetmanchuk&rft.aufirst=M.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua%2Fcgi-bin%2Firbis_nbuv%2Fcgiirbis_64.exe%3FI21DBN%3DLINK%26P21DBN%3DUJRN%26Z21ID%3D%26S21REF%3D10%26S21CNR%3D20%26S21STN%3D1%26S21FMT%3DASP_meta%26C21COM%3DS%262_S21P03%3DFILA%3D%262_S21STR%3Dgileya_2019_141%281%29__8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohansen2016" class="citation book cs1">Johansen, C. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DNs2EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT362">Hitler's Nordic Ally?: Finland and the Total War 1939–1945</a>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-5315-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-5315-7"><bdi>978-1-4738-5315-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Nordic+Ally%3F%3A+Finland+and+the+Total+War+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-5315-7&rft.aulast=Johansen&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDNs2EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJokipii2002" class="citation book cs1">Jokipii, Mauno (2002). Hitlerin Saksa ja sen vapaaehtoisliikkeet: Waffen-SS:n suomalaispataljoona vertailtavana. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-746-335-9" title="Special:BookSources/951-746-335-9"><bdi>951-746-335-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitlerin+Saksa+ja+sen+vapaaehtoisliikkeet%3A+Waffen-SS%3An+suomalaispataljoona+vertailtavana&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pub=Suomalaisen+Kirjallisuuden+Seura&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=951-746-335-9&rft.aulast=Jokipii&rft.aufirst=Mauno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKottBubnysKraft2017" class="citation book cs1">Kott, Matthew; Bubnys, Arūnas; Kraft, Ülle (2017). "The Baltic States: Auxiliaries and Waffen-SS Soldiers from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-879055-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-879055-6"><bdi>978-0-19-879055-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Baltic+States%3A+Auxiliaries+and+Waffen-SS+Soldiers+from+Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+and+Lithuania&rft.btitle=The+Waffen-SS%3A+A+European+History&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-879055-6&rft.aulast=Kott&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Bubnys%2C+Ar%C5%ABnas&rft.au=Kraft%2C+%C3%9Clle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKursietisMunoz1999" class="citation book cs1">Kursietis, A.J.; Munoz, A.J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_BgsAQAAMAAJ">The Hungarian Army and Its Military Leadership in World War II</a>. Axis Europa Books. Axis Europa Books & Magazines. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-891227-28-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-891227-28-8"><bdi>978-1-891227-28-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hungarian+Army+and+Its+Military+Leadership+in+World+War+II&rft.series=Axis+Europa+Books&rft.pub=Axis+Europa+Books+%26+Magazines&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-891227-28-8&rft.aulast=Kursietis&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft.au=Munoz%2C+A.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_BgsAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLappalainen1997" class="citation book cs1">Lappalainen, Niilo (1997). Aselevon jälkeen. WSOY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-0-21813-8" title="Special:BookSources/951-0-21813-8"><bdi>951-0-21813-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aselevon+j%C3%A4lkeen&rft.pub=WSOY&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=951-0-21813-8&rft.aulast=Lappalainen&rft.aufirst=Niilo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoehl2004" class="citation book cs1">Koehl, Robert (2004). The SS: A History 1919–45. Stroud: Tempus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2559-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2559-7"><bdi>978-0-7524-2559-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+A+History+1919%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-2559-7&rft.aulast=Koehl&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsson2015" class="citation book cs1">Larsson, Lars T. (2015). Hitler's Swedes: A History of the Swedish Volunteers in the Waffen-SS. Helion & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-909384-11-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-909384-11-8"><bdi>978-1-909384-11-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Swedes%3A+A+History+of+the+Swedish+Volunteers+in+the+Waffen-SS&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-909384-11-8&rft.aulast=Larsson&rft.aufirst=Lars+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepre1997" class="citation book cs1">Lepre, G. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rPZmAAAAMAAJ">Himmler's Bosnian Division: The Waffen-SS Handschar Division, 1943–1945</a>. Schiffer military history. Schiffer Military History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-0134-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-0134-6"><bdi>978-0-7643-0134-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himmler%27s+Bosnian+Division%3A+The+Waffen-SS+Handschar+Division%2C+1943%E2%80%931945&rft.series=Schiffer+military+history&rft.pub=Schiffer+Military+History&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7643-0134-6&rft.aulast=Lepre&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrPZmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittlejohn1979" class="citation book cs1">Littlejohn, D. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zc7tAgAAQBAJ">Foreign Legions of the Third Reich Vol. 2</a>. R.J. Bender Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912138-22-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912138-22-0"><bdi>978-0-912138-22-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Legions+of+the+Third+Reich+Vol.+2&rft.pub=R.J.+Bender+Pub.&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-912138-22-0&rft.aulast=Littlejohn&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzc7tAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittlejohn1987" class="citation book cs1">Littlejohn, David (1987). Foreign Legions of the Third Reich Vol. 1 Norway, Denmark, France. Bender Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0912138176" title="Special:BookSources/978-0912138176"><bdi>978-0912138176</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Legions+of+the+Third+Reich+Vol.+1+Norway%2C+Denmark%2C+France&rft.pub=Bender+Publishing&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0912138176&rft.aulast=Littlejohn&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittlejohn1987b" class="citation book cs1">Littlejohn, David (1987b). Foreign Legions of the Third Reich, Vol. 2, Belgium, Great Britain, Holland, Italy and Spain. 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James Bender Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912138-29-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912138-29-9"><bdi>978-0-912138-29-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Legions+of+the+Third+Reich+Vol.3&rft.pub=R.+James+Bender+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-912138-29-9&rft.aulast=Littlejohn&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dup0sAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongerich2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Longerich" title="Peter Longerich">Longerich, Peter</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heinrichhimmler0000long">Heinrich Himmler: A Life</a>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959232-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959232-6"><bdi>978-0-19-959232-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heinrich+Himmler%3A+A+Life&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959232-6&rft.aulast=Longerich&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheinrichhimmler0000long&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloret2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lloret, M.P. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F40FEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA228">Europa como refugio. Reflejos fílmicos de los exilios españoles (1939-2016)</a>. Comunicación activa. Cine (in Spanish). Universitat de Barcelona, Edicions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9168-365-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9168-365-0"><bdi>978-84-9168-365-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europa+como+refugio.+Reflejos+f%C3%ADlmicos+de+los+exilios+espa%C3%B1oles+%281939-2016%29&rft.series=Comunicaci%C3%B3n+activa.+Cine&rft.pub=Universitat+de+Barcelona%2C+Edicions&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-84-9168-365-0&rft.aulast=Lloret&rft.aufirst=M.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF40FEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumans2012" class="citation book cs1">Lumans, Valdis O. (2 July 2012). "The Ethnic Germans of the Waffen-SS in Combat: Dregs or Gems?". In Sanders Marble (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8GUWKsD4uEAC">Scraping the Barrel: The Military Use of Sub-Standard Manpower</a>. New York: Fordham University Press. pp. 197–224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-3977-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-3977-1"><bdi>978-0-8232-3977-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ethnic+Germans+of+the+Waffen-SS+in+Combat%3A+Dregs+or+Gems%3F&rft.btitle=Scraping+the+Barrel%3A+The+Military+Use+of+Sub-Standard+Manpower&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=197-224&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-3977-1&rft.aulast=Lumans&rft.aufirst=Valdis+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8GUWKsD4uEAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManes2023" class="citation book cs1">Manes, L. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O8_eEAAAQBAJ&pg=PP87">Albanian units in the Second World War</a>. Witness to War. Soldiershop Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-1-255-89047-8" title="Special:BookSources/979-1-255-89047-8"><bdi>979-1-255-89047-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albanian+units+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.series=Witness+to+War&rft.pub=Soldiershop+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=979-1-255-89047-8&rft.aulast=Manes&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO8_eEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkovićMilovanovićRebić1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marković, D.; Milovanović, N.B.; Rebić, Đ. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_sCAAAAMAAJ">Ratnici mira: Rat</a>. Biblioteka Kompas (in Serbian). Sloboda.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ratnici+mira%3A+Rat&rft.series=Biblioteka+Kompas&rft.pub=Sloboda&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Markovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Milovanovi%C4%87%2C+N.B.&rft.au=Rebi%C4%87%2C+%C4%90.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj_sCAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrodenNutter2019" class="citation book cs1">McCroden, W.T.; Nutter, T.E. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7E8IEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT6">German Ground Forces of World War II: Complete Orders of Battle for Army Groups, Armies, Army Corps, and Other Commands of the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS, September 1, 1939, to May 8, 1945</a>. Savas Beatie. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61121-101-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61121-101-6"><bdi>978-1-61121-101-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Ground+Forces+of+World+War+II%3A+Complete+Orders+of+Battle+for+Army+Groups%2C+Armies%2C+Army+Corps%2C+and+Other+Commands+of+the+Wehrmacht+and+Waffen+SS%2C+September+1%2C+1939%2C+to+May+8%2C+1945&rft.pub=Savas+Beatie&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-61121-101-6&rft.aulast=McCroden&rft.aufirst=W.T.&rft.au=Nutter%2C+T.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7E8IEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2009" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2009). The SS: 1923–1945. Amber Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906626-49-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906626-49-5"><bdi>978-1-906626-49-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+1923%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Amber+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-906626-49-5&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriam1999" class="citation book cs1">Merriam, R. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zkzl0BieAe0C&pg=PA4">Waffen-SS</a>. World War II Arsenal Series. Merriam Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57638-168-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57638-168-7"><bdi>978-1-57638-168-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waffen-SS&rft.series=World+War+II+Arsenal+Series&rft.pub=Merriam+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57638-168-7&rft.aulast=Merriam&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZkzl0BieAe0C%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitcham2007" class="citation book cs1">Mitcham, S.W. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YlCYMciy7zQC">German Order of Battle: Panzer, Panzer Grenadier, and Waffen SS divisions in World War II</a>. Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3438-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3438-7"><bdi>978-0-8117-3438-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Order+of+Battle%3A+Panzer%2C+Panzer+Grenadier%2C+and+Waffen+SS+divisions+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-3438-7&rft.aulast=Mitcham&rft.aufirst=S.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYlCYMciy7zQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMłynarczykReinBolianovskyiRomanko2017" class="citation book cs1">Młynarczyk, Jacek Andrzej; Rein, Leonid; Bolianovskyi, Andrii; Romanko, Oleg (2017). "Eastern Europe: Belarusian Auxiliaries, Ukrainian Waffen-SS Soldiers and the Special Case of the Polish 'Blue Police'". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-879055-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-879055-6"><bdi>978-0-19-879055-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+Belarusian+Auxiliaries%2C+Ukrainian+Waffen-SS+Soldiers+and+the+Special+Case+of+the+Polish+%E2%80%98Blue+Police%E2%80%99&rft.btitle=The+Waffen-SS%3A+A+European+History&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-879055-6&rft.aulast=M%C5%82ynarczyk&rft.aufirst=Jacek+Andrzej&rft.au=Rein%2C+Leonid&rft.au=Bolianovskyi%2C+Andrii&rft.au=Romanko%2C+Oleg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMole2012" class="citation book cs1">Mole, Richard C.M. (2012). The Baltic States from the Soviet Union to the European Union: Identity, Discourse and Power in the Post-Communist Transition of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-39497-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-39497-0"><bdi>978-0-415-39497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States+from+the+Soviet+Union+to+the+European+Union%3A+Identity%2C+Discourse+and+Power+in+the+Post-Communist+Transition+of+Estonia%2C+Latvia+and+Lithuania&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-39497-0&rft.aulast=Mole&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueggenberg2020" class="citation book cs1">Mueggenberg, Brent (2020). The Cossack Struggle Against Communism, 1917–1945. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-3802-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-3802-7"><bdi>978-1-4766-3802-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cossack+Struggle+Against+Communism%2C+1917%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-3802-7&rft.aulast=Mueggenberg&rft.aufirst=Brent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2012" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Rolf-Dieter (2012). The Unknown Eastern Front: The Wehrmacht and Hitler's Foreign Soldiers. New York: I.B. Taurus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-072-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-072-8"><bdi>978-1-78076-072-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unknown+Eastern+Front%3A+The+Wehrmacht+and+Hitler%27s+Foreign+Soldiers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=I.B.+Taurus&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-072-8&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Rolf-Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuñoz2001" class="citation book cs1">Muñoz, A.J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wHPzAAAAMAAJ">The East Came West: Muslim, Hindu and Buddhist Volunteers in the German Armed Forces, 1941–1945</a>. Axis Europa Books. Axis Europa Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-891227-39-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-891227-39-4"><bdi>978-1-891227-39-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+East+Came+West%3A+Muslim%2C+Hindu+and+Buddhist+Volunteers+in+the+German+Armed+Forces%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.series=Axis+Europa+Books&rft.pub=Axis+Europa+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-891227-39-4&rft.aulast=Mu%C3%B1oz&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwHPzAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdegardDeeter1968" class="citation book cs1">Odegard, W.W.; Deeter, R.E. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2pTXbwAACAAJ">Foreign Volunteers of Hitler's Germany</a>. 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Finno-German Yearbook of Political Economy. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019024106/https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/176983/1.%20Pajunen-Karjalainen-FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-19. 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Men-at-Arms. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78096-734-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78096-734-9"><bdi>978-1-78096-734-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany%27s+Eastern+Front+Allies+%282%29%3A+Baltic+Forces&rft.series=Men-at-Arms&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78096-734-9&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Jurado%2C+C.C.&rft.au=Pavlovic%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2SjDCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC">War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</a>. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-7924-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-7924-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-7924-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.series=ACLS+Humanities+E-Book&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-7924-1&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2002" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC">War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</a>. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-7924-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-7924-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-7924-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.series=ACLS+Humanities+E-Book&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-7924-1&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Government1949" class="citation book cs1">U.S. Government (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ieMjAQAAMAAJ&dq=After+the+war+Baltic+Waffen-Grenadier+Units+Allies&pg=RA4-PA175">Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 4 of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives, Eightieth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 1285, H.R. 4928, H.R. 5040, and H.R. 5192</a>. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54523633">54523633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hearings+Before+Subcommittee+No.+4+of+the+Committee+on+the+Judiciary+House+of+Representatives%2C+Eightieth+Congress%2C+Second+Session+on+H.R.+1285%2C+H.R.+4928%2C+H.R.+5040%2C+and+H.R.+5192&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54523633&rft.au=U.S.+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DieMjAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DAfter%2Bthe%2Bwar%2BBaltic%2BWaffen-Grenadier%2BUnits%2BAllies%26pg%3DRA4-PA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters2010" class="citation book cs1">Walters, G. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zDT_ua0lGTsC&pg=PA318">Hunting Evil: How the Nazi War Criminals Escaped and the Hunt to Bring Them to Justice</a>. Bantam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81939-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81939-7"><bdi>978-0-553-81939-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunting+Evil%3A+How+the+Nazi+War+Criminals+Escaped+and+the+Hunt+to+Bring+Them+to+Justice&rft.pub=Bantam&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-553-81939-7&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzDT_ua0lGTsC%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeale2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Weale" title="Adrian Weale">Weale, Adrian</a> (2010). The SS: A New History. Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4087-0304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4087-0304-5"><bdi>978-1-4087-0304-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+A+New+History&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4087-0304-5&rft.aulast=Weale&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWesterlund2010" class="citation book cs1">Westerlund, Lars (2010). Sotatapahtumia, internointeja ja siirto sodanjälkeisiin oloihin. Kansallisarkisto Riksarkivet. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/748681863">748681863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sotatapahtumia%2C+internointeja+ja+siirto+sodanj%C3%A4lkeisiin+oloihin&rft.pub=Kansallisarkisto+Riksarkivet&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F748681863&rft.aulast=Westerlund&rft.aufirst=Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWesterlund2019" class="citation book cs1">Westerlund, Lars (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arkisto.fi/uploads/Julkaisut/sarjajulkaisut/SS-VOLUNTEERS_verkkoon.pdf">The Finnish SS Volunteers and Atrocities 1941–1943</a> (PDF). The National Archives of Finland and Finnish Literature Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-858-111-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-858-111-9"><bdi>978-951-858-111-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823092207/https://arkisto.fi/uploads/Julkaisut/sarjajulkaisut/SS-VOLUNTEERS_verkkoon.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-23. Retrieved 2021-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Finnish+SS+Volunteers+and+Atrocities+1941%E2%80%931943&rft.pub=The+National+Archives+of+Finland+and+Finnish+Literature+Society&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-951-858-111-9&rft.aulast=Westerlund&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farkisto.fi%2Fuploads%2FJulkaisut%2Fsarjajulkaisut%2FSS-VOLUNTEERS_verkkoon.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWegner1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Wegner" title="Bernd Wegner">Wegner, Bernd</a> (1990). The Waffen-SS: Organization, Ideology and Function. Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-14073-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-14073-5"><bdi>0-631-14073-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Waffen-SS%3A+Organization%2C+Ideology+and+Function&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-631-14073-5&rft.aulast=Wegner&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWegner2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wegner, Bernd (2010). Hitlers Politische Soldaten: Die Waffen-SS, 1933–1945 (in German). Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-506-76313-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-506-76313-6"><bdi>978-3-506-76313-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitlers+Politische+Soldaten%3A+Die+Waffen-SS%2C+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Paderborn&rft.pub=Ferdinand+Sch%C3%B6ningh&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-506-76313-6&rft.aulast=Wegner&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZabecki2015" class="citation book cs1">Zabecki, D.T. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq_lCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT708">World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia</a>. Military History of the United States. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-81242-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-81242-3"><bdi>978-1-135-81242-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+in+Europe%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.series=Military+History+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-135-81242-3&rft.aulast=Zabecki&rft.aufirst=D.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMq_lCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZakić2017" class="citation book cs1">Zakić, M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v1xEDgAAQBAJ">Ethnic Germans and National Socialism in Yugoslavia in World War II</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-17184-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-17184-8"><bdi>978-1-107-17184-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Germans+and+National+Socialism+in+Yugoslavia+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-107-17184-8&rft.aulast=Zaki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv1xEDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurdWerther2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hurd, Madeleine; Werther, Steffen (2016). "Retelling the Past, Inspiring the Future: Waffen-SS Commemorations and the Creation of a 'European' Far-right Counter-narrative". Patterns of Prejudice. 50 (4–5): 420–444. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.2016.1243346">10.1080/0031322X.2016.1243346</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151757461">151757461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&rft.atitle=Retelling+the+Past%2C+Inspiring+the+Future%3A+Waffen-SS+Commemorations+and+the+Creation+of+a+%27European%27+Far-right+Counter-narrative&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4%E2%80%935&rft.pages=420-444&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.2016.1243346&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151757461%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hurd&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft.au=Werther%2C+Steffen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudah2002" class="citation book cs1">Judah, Tim (2002). Kosovo: War and Revenge. Yale University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09725-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09725-2"><bdi>978-0-300-09725-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosovo%3A+War+and+Revenge&rft.pub=Yale+University&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09725-2&rft.aulast=Judah&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1975" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-0857-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-0857-6"><bdi>0-8047-0857-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Chetniks&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-8047-0857-6&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeale2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Weale" title="Adrian Weale">Weale, Adrian</a> (2012). Army of Evil: A History of the SS. New York; Toronto: NAL Caliber (Penguin Group). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-23791-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-23791-0"><bdi>978-0-451-23791-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Army+of+Evil%3A+A+History+of+the+SS&rft.place=New+York%3B+Toronto&rft.pub=NAL+Caliber+%28Penguin+Group%29&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-451-23791-0&rft.aulast=Weale&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaugg2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zaugg, Franziska Anna (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/52340">Rekrutierungen für die Waffen-SS in Südosteuropa : Ideen, Ideale und Realitäten einer Vielvölkerarmee</a> (in German). De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12657%2F52340">20.500.12657/52340</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-073077-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-073077-7"><bdi>978-3-11-073077-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rekrutierungen+f%C3%BCr+die+Waffen-SS+in+S%C3%BCdosteuropa+%3A+Ideen%2C+Ideale+und+Realit%C3%A4ten+einer+Vielv%C3%B6lkerarmee&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12657%2F52340&rft.isbn=978-3-11-073077-7&rft.aulast=Zaugg&rft.aufirst=Franziska+Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.oapen.org%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12657%2F52340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutmann2013" class="citation journal cs1">Gutmann, Martin (2013). "Debunking the Myth of the Volunteers: Transnational Volunteering in the Nazi Waffen-SS Officer Corps during the Second World War". Contemporary European History. 22 (4): 585–607. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0960777313000374">10.1017/S0960777313000374</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850%2F319670">20.500.11850/319670</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-7773">0960-7773</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43299406">43299406</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159564891">159564891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+European+History&rft.atitle=Debunking+the+Myth+of+the+Volunteers%3A+Transnational+Volunteering+in+the+Nazi+Waffen-SS+Officer+Corps+during+the+Second+World+War&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=585-607&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.11850%2F319670&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43299406%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0960777313000374&rft.issn=0960-7773&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159564891%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gutmann&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffen-SS+foreign+volunteers+and+conscripts" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1393224/SS-veterans-in-Britain-hold-secret-reunions.html">SS veterans in Britain hold secret reunions</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>, 5 May 2002.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Schutzstaffel_(SS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#d7d7d7;;background:#c3c3c3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SS_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SS organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Schutzstaffel_(SS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" title="SS-Totenkopfverbände">SS-Totenkopfverbände</a> (SS-TV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.3em 2.2em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="SS insignia"><img alt="SS insignia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_and_police_leader" title="SS and police leader">SS and police leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_and_commands_of_the_Schutzstaffel" title="Units and commands of the Schutzstaffel">SS commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine-SS_regional_commands" title="Allgemeine-SS regional commands">Allgemeine-SS regional commands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schreck" title="Julius Schreck">Julius Schreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Berchtold" title="Joseph Berchtold">Joseph Berchtold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Heiden" title="Erhard Heiden">Erhard Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hanke" title="Karl Hanke">Karl Hanke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Main departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Staff_Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS">Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommandostab_Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS">Command Staff Reichsführer-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Office" title="SS Main Office">SS Main Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Medical_Corps" title="SS Medical Corps">SS Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_F%C3%BChrungshauptamt" title="SS Führungshauptamt">Head Operational Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Security_Main_Office" title="Reich Security Main Office">Reich Security Main Office</a> (RSHA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Economic_and_Administrative_Office" title="SS Main Economic and Administrative Office">Economics and Administration Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Race_and_Settlement_Main_Office" title="SS Race and Settlement Main Office">Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Mittelstelle" title="Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle">Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Commissioner_for_the_Consolidation_of_German_Nationhood" title="Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood">Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Court_Main_Office" title="SS Court Main Office">Courts Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Personnel_Main_Office" title="SS Personnel Main Office">Personnel Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Education_Office" title="SS Education Office">Education Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_SS" title="Ideology of the SS">Ideological institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Junker_Schools" title="SS-Junker Schools">SS-Junker Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensborn" title="Lebensborn">Lebensborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Police and security services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Uniformed police (Orpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Schutzpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Schutzpolizei (Schupo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriminalpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Criminal police (Kripo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Secret State Police (Gestapo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">State Security Police (SiPo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SS Security Service (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollgrenzschutz" title="Zollgrenzschutz">Customs Border Guards (ZGS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Führer protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Begleitkommando_des_F%C3%BChrers" title="SS-Begleitkommando des Führers">SS-Begleitkommando des Führers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichssicherheitsdienst" title="Reichssicherheitsdienst">Reichssicherheitsdienst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Waffen-SS_units" title="List of Waffen-SS units">Waffen-SS units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#c3c3c3;">Paramilitary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft" title="Schutzmannschaft">Schutzmannschaft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Belarusian Auxiliary Police">Byelorussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Latvian Auxiliary Police">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Auxiliary_Police_Battalions" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Ukrainian Auxiliary Police">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Estonian Auxiliary Police">Estonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollkommando_Hamann" title="Rollkommando Hamann">Rollkommando Hamann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arajs_Kommando" title="Arajs Kommando">Arajs Kommando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbstschutz" title="Selbstschutz">Selbstschutz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutscher_Selbstschutz" title="Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz">Volksdeutscher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawniki_men" title="Trawniki men">Trawnikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_Police_battalions" title="Order Police battalions">Order Police battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_(volunteer)" title="Hiwi (volunteer)">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Battalions" title="Security Battalions">Security Battalions (Greece)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#c3c3c3;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Waffen-SS_divisions" title="List of Waffen-SS divisions">Waffen-SS divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" title="SS-Verfügungstruppe">SS-Verfügungstruppe</a> (SS-VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_SS_Panzer_Division_Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" title="1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">Leibstandarte (LSSAH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_SS_Panzer_Division_Das_Reich" title="2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich">SS Division Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_SS_Panzer_Division_Totenkopf" title="3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf">SS Division Totenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_SS_Polizei_Panzergrenadier_Division" title="4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division">SS Polizei Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_SS_Panzer_Division_Wiking" title="5th SS Panzer Division Wiking">SS Division Wiking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#c3c3c3;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign SS units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_SS" title="Austrian SS">Austrian SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-SS">Germanic-SS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandsche_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederlandsche SS">Germaansche SS in Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algemeene-SS_Vlaanderen" class="mw-redirect" title="Algemeene-SS Vlaanderen">Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanske_SS_Norge" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanske SS Norge">Germanske SS Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Free_Corps" title="British Free Corps">British Free Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaminski_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaminski Brigade">Kaminski Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Volunteer_Battalion_of_the_Waffen-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS">Finnish Volunteer Battalion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">SS-controlled enterprises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Wirtschaftsbetriebe" title="Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe">Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Earth_and_Stone_Works" title="German Earth and Stone Works">German Earth and Stone Works</a> (DEST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostindustrie" title="Ostindustrie">Ostindustrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Equipment_Works" title="German Equipment Works">German Equipment Works</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klinker-Zement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klinker-Zement (page does not exist)">Klinker-Zement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allach_(porcelain)" title="Allach (porcelain)">Allach porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollinaris_(water)" title="Apollinaris (water)">Apollinaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattoni">Mattoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudetenquell" title="Sudetenquell">Sudetenquell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Loibl_GmbH" title="Anton Loibl GmbH">Anton Loibl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template talk:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis forces">Axis forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italian</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albanian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Militia" title="Albanian Fascist Militia">Albanian Fascist Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanian_collaboration_with_the_Axis" title="Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis">Cham Albanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglione_Azad_Hindoustan" title="Battaglione Azad Hindoustan">Battaglione Azad Hindoustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Home_Defence" title="Belarusian Home Defence">Belarusian Home Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Division" title="Blue Division">Blue Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Armed_Forces_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" title="Croatian Armed Forces (Independent State of Croatia)">Croatian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a> (until 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_(volunteer)" title="Hiwi (volunteer)">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykian_Cavalry_Corps" title="Kalmykian Cavalry Corps">Kalmykian Cavalry Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Latvian Auxiliary Police">Latvian Auxiliary Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Committee of Azerbaijan">National Committee of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army" title="National Republican Army">National Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romanian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Army" title="Royal Hungarian Army">Royal Hungarian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Iraqi Army">Royal Iraqi Army</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Russian People's Liberation Army">Russian People's Liberation Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Battalions" title="Security Battalions">Security Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Expeditionary_Army_Group" title="Slovak Expeditionary Army Group">Slovak Expeditionary Army Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Waffen-SS foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts">Wehrmacht foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_enrolment_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Military enrolment in German-occupied Poland">Polish Wehrmacht Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostlegionen" title="Ostlegionen">Ostlegionen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arakan Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Columns" title="Black Columns">Black Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Independence_Army" title="Burma Independence Army">Burma Independence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Wars" title="Xinjiang Wars">Central Asian collaborators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">East Turkestan independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chin Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborationist_Chinese_Army" title="Collaborationist Chinese Army">Collaborationist Chinese Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Defenders of the Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakutotai" title="Gakutotai">Gakutotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gando_Special_Force" title="Gando Special Force">Gando Special Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiho" title="Heiho">Heiho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Indian_National_Army" title="First Indian National Army">First Indian National Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_Army" title="Inner Mongolian Army">Inner Mongolian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean collaborators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Malayan Volunteer Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Manchukuo Imperial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Asano Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Taiwanese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Imperial_Japan_Serviceman" title="Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman">Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takasago_Volunteers" title="Takasago Volunteers">Takasago Volunteers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vietnamese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Quang_Ph%E1%BB%A5c_H%E1%BB%99i" title="Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội">Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Youth_(Vietnam)" title="Vanguard Youth (Vietnam)">Vanguard Youth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis countries">Axis countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Albania">German Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Italian Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_collaboration_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Wartime collaboration in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War II">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Latvia during World War II">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Lithuania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Luxembourgish collaboration with Nazi Germany">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Byelorussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a> (limited)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&oldid=1259069443">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts&oldid=1259069443</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a 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