Git - Transfer Protocols

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fa"> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <meta content='IE=edge,chrome=1' http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible'> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Git - Transfer Protocols</title> <link href="/favicon.ico" rel='shortcut icon' type='image/x-icon'> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application.min.css"> <script src="/js/modernizr.js"></script> <script src="/js/modernize.js"></script> </head> <body id="documentation"> <div class="inner"> <header> <a href="/"><img src="/images/logo@2x.png" width="110" height="46" alt="Git" /></a> <span id="tagline"></span> <script type="text/javascript"> const taglines = [ "fast-version-control", "everything-is-local", "distributed-even-if-your-workflow-isnt", "local-branching-on-the-cheap", "distributed-is-the-new-centralized" ]; var tagline = taglines[Math.floor(Math.random() * taglines.length)]; document.getElementById('tagline').innerHTML = '--' + tagline; </script> <form id="search" 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translation available in <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/az/v2/Git%e2%80%99in-Daxili-%c4%b0%c5%9fl%c9%99ri-Transfer-Protokollar%c4%b1">azərbaycan dili</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/bg">български език</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/de/v2/Git-Interna-Transfer-Protokolle">Deutsch</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/es/v2/Los-entresijos-internos-de-Git-Protocolos-de-transferencia">Español</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/fr/v2/Les-tripes-de-Git-Les-protocoles-de-transfert">Français</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/gr">Ελληνικά</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ja/v2/Git%e3%81%ae%e5%86%85%e5%81%b4-%e8%bb%a2%e9%80%81%e3%83%97%e3%83%ad%e3%83%88%e3%82%b3%e3%83%ab">日本語</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ko/v2/Git%ec%9d%98-%eb%82%b4%eb%b6%80-%eb%8d%b0%ec%9d%b4%ed%84%b0-%ec%a0%84%ec%86%a1-%ed%94%84%eb%a1%9c%ed%86%a0%ec%bd%9c">한국어</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/nl/v2/Git-Binnenwerk-Uitwisseling-protocollen">Nederlands</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ru/v2/Git-%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bd%d1%83%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b8-%d0%9f%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82%d0%be%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8b-%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%87%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8b%d1%85">Русский</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sl/v2/Notranjost-Gita-Protokoli-prenosa">Slovenščina</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/tl/v2/Mga-Panloob-ng-GIT-Transfer-Protocols">Tagalog</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/uk/v2/Git-%d0%b7%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%9f%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82%d0%be%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%87%d1%96">Українська</a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/zh/v2/Git-%e5%86%85%e9%83%a8%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86-%e4%bc%a0%e8%be%93%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae">简体中文</a>,</td></tr> </table> </p> <p> Partial translations available in <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/cs/v2/Git-Internals-P%c5%99enosov%c3%a9-protokoly">Čeština</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/mk/v2/%d0%92%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%88%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%bd%d0%b0-Git-Transfer-Protocols">Македонски</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pl/v2/Mechanizmy-wewn%c4%99trzne-w-Git-Protoko%c5%82y-transferu">Polski</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sr/v2/%d0%93%d0%b8%d1%82-%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bd%d1%83%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0-%d0%9f%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82%d0%be%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%81">Српски</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">Ўзбекча</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/zh-tw/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">繁體中文</a>,</td></tr> </table> </p> <p> Translations started for <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/be/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">Беларуская</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols" dir="rtl">فارسی</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/id/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">Indonesian</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">Italiano</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ms/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">Bahasa Melayu</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pt-br/v2/Funcionamento-Interno-do-Git-Transfer-Protocols">Português (Brasil)</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pt-pt/v2/Internos-do-Git-Transfer-Protocols">Português (Portugal)</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sv/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">Svenska</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/tr/v2/Dahili-Git-%c3%96geleri-Transfer-Protokolleri">Türkçe</a>.</td></tr> </table> </p> <hr class="sidebar"/> <p> The source of this book is <a href="https://github.com/progit2-fa/progit2">hosted on GitHub.</a></br> Patches, suggestions and comments are welcome. </p> </nav> </aside> <div id="content"> <div id="book-chapters"> <a class="dropdown-trigger" id="book-chapters-trigger" data-panel-id="chapters-dropdown" href="#">Chapters ▾</a> <div class='dropdown-panel' id='chapters-dropdown'> <div class='three-column'> <div class="column-left"> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>1. <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%94-%da%a9%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%84-%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%ae%d9%87">شروع به کار</a></h2> <ol> <li> 1.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%94-%da%a9%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%84-%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%ae%d9%87">دربارهٔ کنترل نسخه</a> </li> <li> 1.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%ae%da%86%d9%87%d9%94-%da%a9%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa">تاریخچهٔ کوتاهی از گیت</a> </li> <li> 1.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f">گیت چیست؟</a> </li> <li> 1.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d8%b7-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86">خط فرمان</a> </li> <li> 1.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%a8-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa">نصب گیت</a> </li> <li> 1.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa">اولین راه‌اندازی گیت</a> </li> <li> 1.7 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%da%a9%d9%85%da%a9-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%86">کمک گرفتن</a> </li> <li> 1.8 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%87">خلاصه</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>2. <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%a8%db%8c-%d8%a8%d9%87-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%b2%d9%86-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa">مقدمات گیت</a></h2> <ol> <li> 2.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%a8%db%8c-%d8%a8%d9%87-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%b2%d9%86-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa">دستیابی به یک مخزن گیت</a> </li> <li> 2.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%ba%db%8c%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%b2%d9%86">ثبت تغییرات در مخزن</a> </li> <li> 2.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%ae%da%86%d9%87%d9%94-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%85%db%8c%d8%aa%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7">دیدن تاریخچهٔ کامیت‌ها</a> </li> <li> 2.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%da%af%d8%b1%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7">بازگردانی کارها</a> </li> <li> 2.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7">کار با ریموت‌ها</a> </li> <li> 2.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%b1%da%86%d8%b3%d8%a8%e2%80%8c%da%af%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c">برچسب‌گذاری</a> </li> <li> 2.7 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa">نام‌های مستعار در گیت</a> </li> <li> 2.8 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%87">خلاصه</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>3. <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%db%8c%da%a9-%da%a9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87">شاخه‌سازی در گیت</a></h2> <ol> <li> 3.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%db%8c%da%a9-%da%a9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87">شاخه‌ها در یک کلمه</a> </li> <li> 3.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa%db%8c">شاخه‌سازی و ادغام مقدماتی</a> </li> <li> 3.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87">مدیریت شاخه</a> </li> <li> 3.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c">روند کاری شاخه‌سازی</a> </li> <li> 3.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa">شاخه‌های ریموت</a> </li> <li> 3.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b3%e2%80%8c%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86">ریبیس‌کردن</a> </li> <li> 3.7 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%87">خلاصه</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>4. <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa%da%a9%d9%84%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7">گیت روی سرور</a></h2> <ol> <li> 4.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa%da%a9%d9%84%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7">پروتکل‌ها</a> </li> <li> 4.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1">راه‌اندازی گیت در سرور</a> </li> <li> 4.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%86-%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%88%d9%85%db%8c-SSH">ساختن کلید عمومی SSH</a> </li> <li> 4.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%a8-%d9%88-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1">نصب و راه‌اندازی سرور</a> </li> <li> 4.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%af%db%8c%d9%85%d9%86-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa">دیمن گیت</a> </li> <li> 4.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-HTTP-%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b4%d9%85%d9%86%d8%af">HTTP هوشمند</a> </li> <li> 4.7 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa%e2%80%8c%d9%88%d8%a8">گیت‌وب</a> </li> <li> 4.8 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa%e2%80%8c%d9%84%d8%a8">گیت‌لب</a> </li> <li> 4.9 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%da%af%d8%b2%db%8c%d9%86%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b4%d8%ae%d8%b5%db%8c-%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab-%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87">گزینه‌های شخصی ثالث میزبانی شده</a> </li> <li> 4.10 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%87">خلاصه</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>5. <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b9%e2%80%8c%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b9%e2%80%8c%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87">گیت توزیع‌شده</a></h2> <ol> <li> 5.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b9%e2%80%8c%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b9%e2%80%8c%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87">روندهای کاری توزیع‌شده</a> </li> <li> 5.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b9%e2%80%8c%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa-%d8%af%d8%b1-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87">مشارکت در یک پروژه</a> </li> <li> 5.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b9%e2%80%8c%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d9%86%da%af%d9%87%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87">نگهداری یک پروژه</a> </li> <li> 5.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b9%e2%80%8c%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%87">خلاصه</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class='column-middle'> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>6. <a href="/book/fa/v2/GitHub-Account-Setup-and-Configuration">GitHub</a></h2> <ol> <li> 6.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/GitHub-Account-Setup-and-Configuration">Account Setup and Configuration</a> </li> <li> 6.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/GitHub-Contributing-to-a-Project">Contributing to a Project</a> </li> <li> 6.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/GitHub-Maintaining-a-Project">Maintaining a Project</a> </li> <li> 6.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/GitHub-Managing-an-organization">Managing an organization</a> </li> <li> 6.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/GitHub-Scripting-GitHub">Scripting GitHub</a> </li> <li> 6.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/GitHub-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>7. <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Revision-Selection">Git Tools</a></h2> <ol> <li> 7.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Revision-Selection">Revision Selection</a> </li> <li> 7.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Interactive-Staging">Interactive Staging</a> </li> <li> 7.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Stashing-and-Cleaning">Stashing and Cleaning</a> </li> <li> 7.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work">Signing Your Work</a> </li> <li> 7.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Searching">Searching</a> </li> <li> 7.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History">Rewriting History</a> </li> <li> 7.7 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Reset-Demystified">Reset Demystified</a> </li> <li> 7.8 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Advanced-Merging">Advanced Merging</a> </li> <li> 7.9 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Rerere">Rerere</a> </li> <li> 7.10 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Debugging-with-Git">Debugging with Git</a> </li> <li> 7.11 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules">Submodules</a> </li> <li> 7.12 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Bundling">Bundling</a> </li> <li> 7.13 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Replace">Replace</a> </li> <li> 7.14 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Credential-Storage">Credential Storage</a> </li> <li> 7.15 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Tools-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>8. <a href="/book/fa/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration">Customizing Git</a></h2> <ol> <li> 8.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration">Git Configuration</a> </li> <li> 8.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Attributes">Git Attributes</a> </li> <li> 8.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks">Git Hooks</a> </li> <li> 8.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Customizing-Git-An-Example-Git-Enforced-Policy">An Example Git-Enforced Policy</a> </li> <li> 8.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Customizing-Git-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>9. <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Git-as-a-Client">Git and Other Systems</a></h2> <ol> <li> 9.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Git-as-a-Client">Git as a Client</a> </li> <li> 9.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Migrating-to-Git">Migrating to Git</a> </li> <li> 9.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>10. <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Plumbing-and-Porcelain">Git Internals</a></h2> <ol> <li> 10.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Plumbing-and-Porcelain">Plumbing and Porcelain</a> </li> <li> 10.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Git-Objects">Git Objects</a> </li> <li> 10.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Git-References">Git References</a> </li> <li> 10.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Packfiles">Packfiles</a> </li> <li> 10.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">The Refspec</a> </li> <li> 10.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols" class="active">Transfer Protocols</a> </li> <li> 10.7 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Maintenance-and-Data-Recovery">Maintenance and Data Recovery</a> </li> <li> 10.8 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a> </li> <li> 10.9 <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class='column-right'> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A1. <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces">پیوست A: Git in Other Environments</a></h2> <ol> <li> A1.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces">Graphical Interfaces</a> </li> <li> A1.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio">Git in Visual Studio</a> </li> <li> A1.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio-Code">Git in Visual Studio Code</a> </li> <li> A1.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Eclipse">Git in Eclipse</a> </li> <li> A1.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-IntelliJ-/-PyCharm-/-WebStorm-/-PhpStorm-/-RubyMine">Git in IntelliJ / PyCharm / WebStorm / PhpStorm / RubyMine</a> </li> <li> A1.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Sublime-Text">Git in Sublime Text</a> </li> <li> A1.7 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Bash">Git in Bash</a> </li> <li> A1.8 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Zsh">Git in Zsh</a> </li> <li> A1.9 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-PowerShell">Git in PowerShell</a> </li> <li> A1.10 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A2. <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git">پیوست B: Embedding Git in your Applications</a></h2> <ol> <li> A2.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git">Command-line Git</a> </li> <li> A2.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Libgit2">Libgit2</a> </li> <li> A2.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-JGit">JGit</a> </li> <li> A2.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-go-git">go-git</a> </li> <li> A2.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Dulwich">Dulwich</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A3. <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Setup-and-Config">پیوست C: Git Commands</a></h2> <ol> <li> A3.1 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Setup-and-Config">Setup and Config</a> </li> <li> A3.2 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Getting-and-Creating-Projects">Getting and Creating Projects</a> </li> <li> A3.3 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Basic-Snapshotting">Basic Snapshotting</a> </li> <li> A3.4 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Branching-and-Merging">Branching and Merging</a> </li> <li> A3.5 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Sharing-and-Updating-Projects">Sharing and Updating Projects</a> </li> <li> A3.6 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Inspection-and-Comparison">Inspection and Comparison</a> </li> <li> A3.7 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Debugging">Debugging</a> </li> <li> A3.8 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Patching">Patching</a> </li> <li> A3.9 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Email">Email</a> </li> <li> A3.10 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-External-Systems">External Systems</a> </li> <li> A3.11 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Administration">Administration</a> </li> <li> A3.12 <a href="/book/fa/v2/%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-C:-Git-Commands-Plumbing-Commands">Plumbing Commands</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <span class="light" id="edition"> 2nd Edition </span> </div> <div id="main" data-pagefind-filter="category:book" data-pagefind-meta="category:Book" data-pagefind-weight="0.05" data-pagefind-body class="book edition2"> <h1>10.6 Git Internals - Transfer Protocols</h1> <div> <h2 id="_transfer_protocols">Transfer Protocols</h2> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Git can transfer data between two repositories in two major ways: the “dumb” protocol and the “smart” protocol. This section will quickly cover how these two main protocols operate.</p> </div> <div class="sect3"> <h3 id="_the_dumb_protocol">The Dumb Protocol</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If you’re setting up a repository to be served read-only over HTTP, the dumb protocol is likely what will be used. This protocol is called “dumb” because it requires no Git-specific code on the server side during the transport process; the fetch process is a series of HTTP <code>GET</code> requests, where the client can assume the layout of the Git repository on the server.</p> </div> <div class="admonitionblock note"> <table> <tr> <td class="icon"> <div class="title">یادداشت</div> </td> <td class="content"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The dumb protocol is fairly rarely used these days. It’s difficult to secure or make private, so most Git hosts (both cloud-based and on-premises) will refuse to use it. It’s generally advised to use the smart protocol, which we describe a bit further on.</p> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Let’s follow the <code>http-fetch</code> process for the simplegit library:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git clone http://server/simplegit-progit.git</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The first thing this command does is pull down the <code>info/refs</code> file. This file is written by the <code>update-server-info</code> command, which is why you need to enable that as a <code>post-receive</code> hook in order for the HTTP transport to work properly:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET info/refs ca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949 refs/heads/master</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Now you have a list of the remote references and SHA-1s. Next, you look for what the HEAD reference is so you know what to check out when you’re finished:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET HEAD ref: refs/heads/master</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You need to check out the <code>master</code> branch when you’ve completed the process. At this point, you’re ready to start the walking process. Because your starting point is the <code>ca82a6</code> commit object you saw in the <code>info/refs</code> file, you start by fetching that:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET objects/ca/82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949 (179 bytes of binary data)</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You get an object back – that object is in loose format on the server, and you fetched it over a static HTTP GET request. You can zlib-uncompress it, strip off the header, and look at the commit content:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git cat-file -p ca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949 tree cfda3bf379e4f8dba8717dee55aab78aef7f4daf parent 085bb3bcb608e1e8451d4b2432f8ecbe6306e7e7 author Scott Chacon <schacon@gmail.com> 1205815931 -0700 committer Scott Chacon <schacon@gmail.com> 1240030591 -0700 Change version number</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Next, you have two more objects to retrieve – <code>cfda3b</code>, which is the tree of content that the commit we just retrieved points to; and <code>085bb3</code>, which is the parent commit:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET objects/08/5bb3bcb608e1e8451d4b2432f8ecbe6306e7e7 (179 bytes of data)</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>That gives you your next commit object. Grab the tree object:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET objects/cf/da3bf379e4f8dba8717dee55aab78aef7f4daf (404 - Not Found)</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Oops – it looks like that tree object isn’t in loose format on the server, so you get a 404 response back. There are a couple of reasons for this – the object could be in an alternate repository, or it could be in a packfile in this repository. Git checks for any listed alternates first:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET objects/info/http-alternates (empty file)</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If this comes back with a list of alternate URLs, Git checks for loose files and packfiles there – this is a nice mechanism for projects that are forks of one another to share objects on disk. However, because no alternates are listed in this case, your object must be in a packfile. To see what packfiles are available on this server, you need to get the <code>objects/info/packs</code> file, which contains a listing of them (also generated by <code>update-server-info</code>):</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET objects/info/packs P pack-816a9b2334da9953e530f27bcac22082a9f5b835.pack</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>There is only one packfile on the server, so your object is obviously in there, but you’ll check the index file to make sure. This is also useful if you have multiple packfiles on the server, so you can see which packfile contains the object you need:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET objects/pack/pack-816a9b2334da9953e530f27bcac22082a9f5b835.idx (4k of binary data)</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Now that you have the packfile index, you can see if your object is in it – because the index lists the SHA-1s of the objects contained in the packfile and the offsets to those objects. Your object is there, so go ahead and get the whole packfile:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET objects/pack/pack-816a9b2334da9953e530f27bcac22082a9f5b835.pack (13k of binary data)</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You have your tree object, so you continue walking your commits. They’re all also within the packfile you just downloaded, so you don’t have to do any more requests to your server. Git checks out a working copy of the <code>master</code> branch that was pointed to by the HEAD reference you downloaded at the beginning.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect3"> <h3 id="_the_smart_protocol">The Smart Protocol</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The dumb protocol is simple but a bit inefficient, and it can’t handle writing of data from the client to the server. The smart protocol is a more common method of transferring data, but it requires a process on the remote end that is intelligent about Git – it can read local data, figure out what the client has and needs, and generate a custom packfile for it. There are two sets of processes for transferring data: a pair for uploading data and a pair for downloading data.</p> </div> <div class="sect4"> <h4 id="_uploading_data">Uploading Data</h4> <div class="paragraph"> <p> To upload data to a remote process, Git uses the <code>send-pack</code> and <code>receive-pack</code> processes. The <code>send-pack</code> process runs on the client and connects to a <code>receive-pack</code> process on the remote side.</p> </div> <div class="sect5"> <h6 id="_ssh">SSH</h6> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For example, say you run <code>git push origin master</code> in your project, and <code>origin</code> is defined as a URL that uses the SSH protocol. Git fires up the <code>send-pack</code> process, which initiates a connection over SSH to your server. It tries to run a command on the remote server via an SSH call that looks something like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ ssh -x git@server "git-receive-pack 'simplegit-progit.git'" 00a5ca82a6dff817ec66f4437202690a93763949 refs/heads/master□report-status \ delete-refs side-band-64k quiet ofs-delta \ agent=git/2:2.1.1+github-607-gfba4028 delete-refs 0000</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The <code>git-receive-pack</code> command immediately responds with one line for each reference it currently has – in this case, just the <code>master</code> branch and its SHA-1. The first line also has a list of the server’s capabilities (here, <code>report-status</code>, <code>delete-refs</code>, and some others, including the client identifier).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Each line starts with a 4-character hex value specifying how long the rest of the line is. Your first line starts with 00a5, which is hexadecimal for 165, meaning that 165 bytes remain on that line. The next line is 0000, meaning the server is done with its references listing.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Now that it knows the server’s state, your <code>send-pack</code> process determines what commits it has that the server doesn’t. For each reference that this push will update, the <code>send-pack</code> process tells the <code>receive-pack</code> process that information. For instance, if you’re updating the <code>master</code> branch and adding an <code>experiment</code> branch, the <code>send-pack</code> response may look something like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>0076ca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949 15027957951b64cf874c3557a0f3547bd83b3ff6 \ refs/heads/master report-status 006c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cdfdb42577e2506715f8cfeacdbabc092bf63e8d \ refs/heads/experiment 0000</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Git sends a line for each reference you’re updating with the line’s length, the old SHA-1, the new SHA-1, and the reference that is being updated. The first line also has the client’s capabilities. The SHA-1 value of all '0’s means that nothing was there before – because you’re adding the experiment reference. If you were deleting a reference, you would see the opposite: all '0’s on the right side.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Next, the client sends a packfile of all the objects the server doesn’t have yet. Finally, the server responds with a success (or failure) indication:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>000eunpack ok</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect5"> <h6 id="_https">HTTP(S)</h6> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This process is mostly the same over HTTP, though the handshaking is a bit different. The connection is initiated with this request:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET http://server/simplegit-progit.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack 001f# service=git-receive-pack 00ab6c5f0e45abd7832bf23074a333f739977c9e8188 refs/heads/master□report-status \ delete-refs side-band-64k quiet ofs-delta \ agent=git/2:2.1.1~vmg-bitmaps-bugaloo-608-g116744e 0000</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>That’s the end of the first client-server exchange. The client then makes another request, this time a <code>POST</code>, with the data that <code>send-pack</code> provides.</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> POST http://server/simplegit-progit.git/git-receive-pack</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The <code>POST</code> request includes the <code>send-pack</code> output and the packfile as its payload. The server then indicates success or failure with its HTTP response.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect4"> <h4 id="_downloading_data">Downloading Data</h4> <div class="paragraph"> <p> When you download data, the <code>fetch-pack</code> and <code>upload-pack</code> processes are involved. The client initiates a <code>fetch-pack</code> process that connects to an <code>upload-pack</code> process on the remote side to negotiate what data will be transferred down.</p> </div> <div class="sect5"> <h6 id="_ssh_2">SSH</h6> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If you’re doing the fetch over SSH, <code>fetch-pack</code> runs something like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ ssh -x git@server "git-upload-pack 'simplegit-progit.git'"</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>After <code>fetch-pack</code> connects, <code>upload-pack</code> sends back something like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>00dfca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949 HEAD□multi_ack thin-pack \ side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag \ multi_ack_detailed symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master \ agent=git/2:2.1.1+github-607-gfba4028 003fe2409a098dc3e53539a9028a94b6224db9d6a6b6 refs/heads/master 0000</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is very similar to what <code>receive-pack</code> responds with, but the capabilities are different. In addition, it sends back what HEAD points to (<code>symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master</code>) so the client knows what to check out if this is a clone.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>At this point, the <code>fetch-pack</code> process looks at what objects it has and responds with the objects that it needs by sending “want” and then the SHA-1 it wants. It sends all the objects it already has with “have” and then the SHA-1. At the end of this list, it writes “done” to initiate the <code>upload-pack</code> process to begin sending the packfile of the data it needs:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>003cwant ca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949 ofs-delta 0032have 085bb3bcb608e1e8451d4b2432f8ecbe6306e7e7 0009done 0000</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect5"> <h6 id="_https_2">HTTP(S)</h6> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The handshake for a fetch operation takes two HTTP requests. The first is a <code>GET</code> to the same endpoint used in the dumb protocol:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack 001e# service=git-upload-pack 00e7ca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949 HEAD□multi_ack thin-pack \ side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag \ multi_ack_detailed no-done symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master \ agent=git/2:2.1.1+github-607-gfba4028 003fca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949 refs/heads/master 0000</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is very similar to invoking <code>git-upload-pack</code> over an SSH connection, but the second exchange is performed as a separate request:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>=> POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 0000</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Again, this is the same format as above. The response to this request indicates success or failure, and includes the packfile.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect3"> <h3 id="_protocols_summary">Protocols Summary</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This section contains a very basic overview of the transfer protocols. The protocol includes many other features, such as <code>multi_ack</code> or <code>side-band</code> capabilities, but covering them is outside the scope of this book. We’ve tried to give you a sense of the general back-and-forth between client and server; if you need more knowledge than this, you’ll probably want to take a look at the Git source code.</p> </div> </div> <div id="nav"><a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">prev</a> | <a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-Maintenance-and-Data-Recovery">next</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="site-source"> <a href="/site">About this site</a><br> Patches, suggestions, and comments are welcome. </div> <div class="sfc-member"> Git is a member of <a href="/sfc">Software Freedom Conservancy</a> </div> </footer> <a href="#top" class="no-js scrollToTop" id="scrollToTop" data-label="Scroll to top"> <img src="/images/icons/chevron-up@2x.png" width="20" height="20" alt="scroll-to-top"/> </a> <script src="/js/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery-ui-1.8.18.custom.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.defaultvalue.js"></script> <script src="/js/session.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/application.min.js"></script> </div> </body> </html>

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Git - Transfer Protocols