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Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%82" title="سهل سحيق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سهل سحيق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abissal_d%C3%BCz%C9%99nlik" title="Abissal düzənlik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abissal düzənlik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="গহন সমভূমি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গহন সমভূমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Абісальныя раўніны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абісальныя раўніны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Абисално дъно – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абисално дъно" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plana_abissal" title="Plana abissal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plana abissal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyss%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_plo%C5%A1ina" title="Abyssální plošina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abyssální plošina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefseeebene" title="Tiefseeebene – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tiefseeebene" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%BCssaalne_tasandik" title="Abüssaalne tasandik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abüssaalne tasandik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_plain" title="Abyssal plain – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abyssal plain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanura_abisal" title="Llanura abisal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Llanura abisal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordoki_abisal" title="Ordoki abisal – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ordoki abisal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="دشت مغاکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دشت مغاکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaine_abyssale" title="Plaine abyssale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plaine abyssale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1_aibh%C3%A9iseach" title="Má aibhéiseach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Má aibhéiseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaira_abisal" title="Chaira abisal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chaira abisal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AC%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%80_%ED%8F%89%EC%9B%90" title="심해저 평원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="심해저 평원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աբիսալ նստվածքներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբիսալ նստվածքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अतल मैदान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अतल मैदान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisalna_ravnica" title="Abisalna ravnica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abisalna ravnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_abisal" title="Dataran abisal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dataran abisal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piana_abissale" title="Piana abissale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piana abissale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აბისალური ვაკეები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბისალური ვაკეები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Абиссальды жазық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абиссальды жазық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plenn_abisal" title="Plenn abisal – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plenn abisal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF" title="Абиссаль түздүктөрү – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Абиссаль түздүктөрү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abis%C4%81lais_l%C4%ABdzenums" title="Abisālais līdzenums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abisālais līdzenums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Абисална рамнина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Абисална рамнина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssale_vlakte" title="Abyssale vlakte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abyssale vlakte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="深海平原 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="深海平原" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyphavsslette" title="Dyphavsslette – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dyphavsslette" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djuphavsslette" title="Djuphavsslette – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Djuphavsslette" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abissal_tekisliklar" title="Abissal tekisliklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abissal tekisliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3wnina_abisalna" title="Równina abisalna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Równina abisalna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%ADcie_abissal" title="Planície abissal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Planície abissal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Абиссальная равнина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абиссальная равнина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subbissu" title="Subbissu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Subbissu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisalna_ravnina" title="Abisalna ravnina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abisalna ravnina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djuphavssl%C3%A4tt" title="Djuphavsslätt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Djuphavsslätt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="கடலடிச் சமவெளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடலடிச் சமவெளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Абиссаль тигезлек – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Абиссаль тигезлек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3" title="ที่ราบก้นสมุทร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ที่ราบก้นสมุทร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisal_ova" title="Abisal ova – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abisal ova" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abissal_d%C3%BCzl%C3%BCk" title="Abissal düzlük – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Abissal düzlük" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Абісальна рівнина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абісальна рівнина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_b%E1%BA%B1ng_bi%E1%BB%83n_th%E1%BA%B3m" title="Đồng bằng biển thẳm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng bằng biển thẳm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="深海平原 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="深海平原" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q570554#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Abyssal_plain" title="View the 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lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>An <b>abyssal plain</b> is an underwater <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plain</a> on the deep ocean floor. It is usually found 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) and 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) below the surface of the <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. Abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface. They are among the flattest and smoothest places on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abyssal plains are believed to have lots of <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>. They are also play an important role in ocean <a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle">carbon cycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dissolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution">dissolution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth%27s_atmosphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere (not yet started)">atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations</a> over hundreds or thousand years. Abyssal plains also have <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent" title="Hydrothermal vent">hydrothermal vents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cold_seep" title="Cold seep">cold seeps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abyssal_plain&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abyssal_plain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmithDeleoBernardinoSweetman2008" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, C; Deleo, F; Bernardino, A; Sweetman, A; Arbizu, P (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534708001900">"Abyssal food limitation, ecosystem structure and climate change"</a>. <i>Trends in Ecology & Evolution</i>. <b>23</b> (9): 518–528. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tree.2008.05.002">10.1016/j.tree.2008.05.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18584909">18584909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.atitle=Abyssal+food+limitation%2C+ecosystem+structure+and+climate+change&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=518-528&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tree.2008.05.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18584909&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Deleo%2C+F&rft.au=Bernardino%2C+A&rft.au=Sweetman%2C+A&rft.au=Arbizu%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0169534708001900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAbyssal+plain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFVinogradova1997" class="citation book cs1">Vinogradova, N.G. (1997). "Zoogeography of the Abyssal and Hadal Zones". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S006528810860019X"><i>Advances in Marine Biology</i></a>. Vol. 32. Elsevier. pp. 325–387. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0065-2881%2808%2960019-x">10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60019-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-026132-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-026132-1"><bdi>978-0-12-026132-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zoogeography+of+the+Abyssal+and+Hadal+Zones&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Marine+Biology&rft.pages=325-387&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0065-2881%2808%2960019-x&rft.isbn=978-0-12-026132-1&rft.aulast=Vinogradova&rft.aufirst=N.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS006528810860019X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAbyssal+plain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14905840"><i>Geology and geochemistry of abyssal plains</i></a>. Weaver, P. P. E., Thomson, J., Geological Society of London. Marine Studies Group. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the Geological Society by Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1987. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-632-01744-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-632-01744-9"><bdi>0-632-01744-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14905840">14905840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+and+geochemistry+of+abyssal+plains&rft.place=Oxford+%5BOxfordshire%5D&rft.pub=Published+for+the+Geological+Society+by+Blackwell+Scientific+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14905840&rft.isbn=0-632-01744-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F14905840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAbyssal+plain" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geographylogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/30px-Geographylogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/45px-Geographylogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/60px-Geographylogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about a <a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_stubs" title="Category:Geography stubs">place or feature</a> can be made longer. 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