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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Fighting Bull</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ثور المصارعة الإسباني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثور المصارعة الإسباني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanisches_Kampfrind" title="Spanisches Kampfrind – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spanisches Kampfrind" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toro_de_lidia" title="Toro de lidia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Toro de lidia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zezen_suhar" title="Zezen suhar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zezen suhar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taureau_de_combat" title="Taureau de combat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taureau de combat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touro_de_lida" title="Touro de lida – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Touro de lida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2_%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Իսպանական պայքարող ցուլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսպանական պայքարող ցուլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toro_de_lidia" title="Toro de lidia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Toro de lidia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99" title="שור קרב ספרדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שור קרב ספרדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spansk_kampkveg" title="Spansk kampkveg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spansk kampkveg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touro_Preto_(ra%C3%A7a_bovina)" title="Touro Preto (raça bovina) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Touro Preto (raça bovina)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Боевой бык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боевой бык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Fighting_Bull" title="Spanish Fighting Bull – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spanish Fighting Bull" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2_t%C3%B3t_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Bò tót Tây Ban Nha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bò tót Tây Ban Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E9%AC%A5%E7%89%9B_(%E7%89%9B%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE)" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Toro Bravo" redirects here. For the restaurant, see <a href="/wiki/Toro_Bravo_(restaurant)" title="Toro Bravo (restaurant)">Toro Bravo (restaurant)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Spanish_Fighting_Bull" title="Special:EditPage/Spanish Fighting Bull">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Spanish+Fighting+Bull%22">"Spanish Fighting Bull"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Spanish+Fighting+Bull%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Spanish+Fighting+Bull%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Spanish+Fighting+Bull%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Spanish+Fighting+Bull%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Spanish+Fighting+Bull%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Pilar_Bull_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison,_Seville_Feria_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/El_Pilar_Bull_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison%2C_Seville_Feria_09.jpg/220px-El_Pilar_Bull_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison%2C_Seville_Feria_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/El_Pilar_Bull_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison%2C_Seville_Feria_09.jpg/330px-El_Pilar_Bull_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison%2C_Seville_Feria_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/El_Pilar_Bull_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison%2C_Seville_Feria_09.jpg/440px-El_Pilar_Bull_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison%2C_Seville_Feria_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>A Spanish Fighting Bull in Seville in April 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Spanish Fighting Bull</b> (<b>Toro Bravo</b>, <i>toro de lidia</i>, <i>toro lidiado</i>, <i>ganado bravo</i>, <i>Touro de Lide</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian</a> heterogeneous <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> (<i><b>Bos taurus</b></i>) population.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is exclusively bred <a href="/wiki/Free-range" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-range">free-range</a> on extensive estates in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> countries where <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a> is organized. Fighting bulls are <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selected</a> primarily for a certain combination of aggression, energy, strength and stamina. In order to preserve their natural traits, during breeding the bulls rarely encounter <a href="/wiki/Humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humans">humans</a>, and if so, never encounter them on foot. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_breed">History of the breed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of the breed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanchez_Cobaleda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sanchez_Cobaleda.jpg/220px-Sanchez_Cobaleda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sanchez_Cobaleda.jpg/330px-Sanchez_Cobaleda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Sanchez_Cobaleda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Bull from the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganader%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganadería (page does not exist)">ganadería</a></i> Sánchez Cobaleda.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some commentators trace the origins of the fighting bull to <a href="/wiki/Aurochs" title="Aurochs">wild bulls</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and their use for arena games in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evans_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the actual origins are disputed, genetic studies have indicated that the breeding stock have an unusually old genetic pool. </p><p>The aggression of the bull has been maintained (or augmented, see above) by <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selective breeding</a> and has come to be popular among the people of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and the parts of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> where it took root during colonial rule, as well as parts of Southern France, where bullfighting spread during the 19th century. </p><p>In May 2010, Spanish scientists cloned the breed for the first time. The calf, named <a href="/wiki/Got_(bull)" title="Got (bull)">Got</a>, meaning "glass" in <a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a>, was cloned from a bull named Vasito and implanted in a <a href="/wiki/Friesian_cattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Friesian cattle">Friesian</a> surrogate cow.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Breed_characteristics">Breed characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Breed characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Fighting_Bull_II_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Spanish_Fighting_Bull_II_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison.jpg/220px-Spanish_Fighting_Bull_II_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Spanish_Fighting_Bull_II_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison.jpg/330px-Spanish_Fighting_Bull_II_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Spanish_Fighting_Bull_II_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison.jpg/440px-Spanish_Fighting_Bull_II_by_Alexander_Fiske-Harrison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>A Spanish Fighting Bull. Breed: Vegahermosa. Feria de Córdoba 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Fighting bulls are characterized by their aggressive behavior, especially when solitary or unable to flee. Many are colored black or dark brown, but other colorations are normal. They reach maturity slower than meat breeds as they were not selected to be heavy, having instead a well-muscled "athletic" look, with a prominent <i>morrillo</i>, a complex of muscles over the shoulder and neck which gives the bull its distinctive profile and strength with its horns. The horns are longer than in most other breeds and are present in both males and females. Mature bulls weigh from 408.2 to 700 kg (900 to 1,543 lb). </p><p>Among fighting cattle, there are several "encastes" or subtypes of the breed. Of the so-called "foundational breeds", only the bloodlines of Vistahermosa, Vázquez, Gallardo and Cabrera remain today. In the cases of the last two only the ranches of <a href="/wiki/Miura_bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Miura bull">Miura</a> and Pablo Romero are deeply influenced by them. The so-called "modern foundational bloodlines" are Saltillo, Murube, Parladé and Santa Coloma, all of which are primarily composed of Vistahermosa blood.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cattle have <a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">dichromatic vision</a>, rendering them red-green colorblind and falsifying the idea that the color red makes them angry; they just respond to the movements of the <i><a href="/wiki/Muleta" title="Muleta">muleta</a></i>. The red coloring is traditional and is believed to both conceal blood stains and provide a suitable light-dark contrast against the arena floor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth">Growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:050521_1913_Salamanca_-_Dehesa_-_Toros_de_lidia_T91.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/050521_1913_Salamanca_-_Dehesa_-_Toros_de_lidia_T91.JPG/220px-050521_1913_Salamanca_-_Dehesa_-_Toros_de_lidia_T91.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/050521_1913_Salamanca_-_Dehesa_-_Toros_de_lidia_T91.JPG/330px-050521_1913_Salamanca_-_Dehesa_-_Toros_de_lidia_T91.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/050521_1913_Salamanca_-_Dehesa_-_Toros_de_lidia_T91.JPG/440px-050521_1913_Salamanca_-_Dehesa_-_Toros_de_lidia_T91.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Breeding of Spanish fighting bulls near <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toro_de_Osborne_BIG.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Toro_de_Osborne_BIG.JPG/220px-Toro_de_Osborne_BIG.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Toro_de_Osborne_BIG.JPG/330px-Toro_de_Osborne_BIG.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Toro_de_Osborne_BIG.JPG/440px-Toro_de_Osborne_BIG.JPG 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The fighting bull is considered a symbol of Spain as in this <a href="/wiki/Osborne_bull" title="Osborne bull">Osborne road advertisement</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fighting cattle are bred on wide-ranging ranches in Spain's <i><a href="/wiki/Dehesa" title="Dehesa">dehesas</a></i> or in the Portuguese Montados, which are often havens for Iberian wildlife as the farming techniques used are extensive.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both male and female calves spend their first year of life with their mothers; then they are weaned, <a href="/wiki/Livestock_branding" title="Livestock branding">branded</a>, and kept in single-sex groups. When the cattle reach maturity after two years or so, they are sent to the <i>tienta</i>, or testing. </p><p>For the males, this establishes if they are suitable for breeding, the bullfight, or slaughter for meat. The testing for the <a href="/wiki/Bullfight" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullfight">bullfight</a> is only of their aggression towards the horse, as regulations forbid their charging a man on the ground before they enter the bullfighting ring. They learn how to use their horns in tests of strength and dominance with other bulls. Due to their special aggression, these combats can lead to severe injuries and even death of the bulls, at great cost to their breeders. </p><p>The females are more thoroughly tested, including by a bullfighter with his capes; hence a bull's "courage" is often said to descend from his mother. </p><p>If fit for bullfighting, bulls will return to their peers. Cows passing the tienta are kept for breeding and will be slaughtered only when they can bear no more calves. </p><p>At three years old males are no longer considered calves; they are known as <i>novillos</i> and are ready for bullfighting, although <i>novilladas</i> are for training bullfighters, or <i>novilleros</i>. The best bulls are kept for <i>corridas de toros</i> with full <a href="/wiki/Matadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Matadors">matadors</a>. Under Spanish law they must be at least four years old and reach the weight of 460 kg to fight in a first-rank bullring, 435 kg for a second-rank one, and 410 kg for third-rank rings. They must also have fully functional vision and even horns (which have not been tampered with) and be in generally good condition.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A very few times each year a bull will be <i>indultado</i>, or "pardoned," meaning his life is spared due to outstanding behavior in the bullring, leading the audience to petition the president of the ring with white handkerchiefs. The bullfighter joins the petition, as it is a great honor to have a bull one has fought pardoned. The president pardons the bull showing an orange handkerchief. The bull, if he survives his injuries, which are usually severe, is then returned to the ranch he was bred at, where he will live out his days in the fields. In most cases, he will become a "seed bull", mated once with some 30 cows. Four years later, his offspring will be tested in the ring. If they fight well, he may be bred again. An "indultado" bull's lifespan can be 20 to 25 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miura">Miura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Miura"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miura,_Fundi,_Sevilla_Abril,_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miura%2C_Fundi%2C_Sevilla_Abril%2C_09.jpg/300px-Miura%2C_Fundi%2C_Sevilla_Abril%2C_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miura%2C_Fundi%2C_Sevilla_Abril%2C_09.jpg/450px-Miura%2C_Fundi%2C_Sevilla_Abril%2C_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miura%2C_Fundi%2C_Sevilla_Abril%2C_09.jpg/600px-Miura%2C_Fundi%2C_Sevilla_Abril%2C_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>A Miura bull charges at matador <a href="/wiki/El_Fandi" title="El Fandi">El Fandi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> bullring</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Miura</b> is a line within the <i>Spanish Fighting Bull</i> bred at the <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Ganadería Miura</span></span> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Seville_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seville (province)">Seville</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Andalucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalucia">Andalucia</a>. The ranch (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&params=37.59637_N_5.47804_W_type:landmark_region:ES"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°35′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°28′41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.59637°N 5.47804°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.59637; -5.47804</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is known for producing large and difficult fighting bulls. A Miura bull debuted in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> on April 30, 1849. The Miura derives from five historic lines of Spanish bull: the Gallardo, Cabrera, Navarra, Veragua, and Vistahermosa-Parladé.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bulls were fought under the name of Juan Miura until his death in 1854. Then they were under the name of his widow, Josefa Fernández de Miura. After her death, the livestock bore the name of her eldest son Antonio Miura Fernández from 1869 to 1893 and then the younger brother, Eduardo Miura Fernández until his death in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reputation">Reputation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulls from the Miura lineage have a reputation for being large, fierce, and cunning.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is said to be especially dangerous for a <i>matador</i> to turn his back on a Miura.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miura bulls have been referred to as individualists, each bull seemingly possessing a strong personal character.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers117_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers117-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Death_in_the_Afternoon" title="Death in the Afternoon">Death in the Afternoon</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There are certain strains of bull with a marked ability to learn from what goes on in the arena ... faster than the actual fight progresses which makes it more difficult from one minute to the next to control them ... these bulls are raised by Don Eduardo Miura's sons from old fighting stock...</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famous_bulls">Famous bulls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Famous bulls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miurabrand.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/Miurabrand.png/100px-Miurabrand.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/Miurabrand.png/150px-Miurabrand.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/Miurabrand.png/200px-Miurabrand.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Livestock_branding" title="Livestock branding">brand</a> of the Miura ranch</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murci%C3%A9lago" title="Murciélago">Murciélago</a> survived 24 jabs<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the lance from the <i><a href="/wiki/Picador" title="Picador">picador</a></i> in a fight on 5 October, 1879, against <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Molina_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Rafael Molina Sánchez">Rafael "<i>El Lagartijo</i>" Molina Sánchez</a>, at the <i>Coso de los califas</i> bullring in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba, Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islero" title="Islero">Islero</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gore" class="extiw" title="wikt:gore">gored</a> and killed bullfighter <a href="/wiki/Manolete" title="Manolete">Manolete</a> on August 28, 1947.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Guía de campo de las razas autóctonas españolas</i>. Miguel A. García Dory, Silvio Martínez Vicente y Fernando Orozco Piñán. Alianza Editorial, 1990, Madrid. Página 228. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-206-0458-5" title="Special:BookSources/84-206-0458-5">84-206-0458-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evans-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evans_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, Evan & Rimas, Andrew.<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harpercollins.com/books/9780061353840/Beef/index.aspx">Beef: The Untold Story of How Milk, Meat, and Muscle Shaped the World.</a></i>Harper Collins, London 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/europe/10127891.stm">"Spain clones first fighting bull"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 19 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Spain+clones+first+fighting+bull&rft.date=2010-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F10127891.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Fighting+Bull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson, Jock. <i>La Divisa,</i> 103, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/1855-the-foundational-bull-ranches">'The Foundational Bull Ranches.'</a> Club Taurino of London. November–December 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, Dr Evan & Rimas, Andrew. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harpercollins.com/books/9780061353840/Beef/index.aspx">Beef: The Untold Story of How Milk, Meat, and Muscle Shaped the World.</a></i> Harper Collins, London 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/rd145-1996.html">"Real Decreto 145/1996, de 2 de febrero, por el que se modifica y da nueva redacción al Reglamento de Espectáculos Taurinos"</a>. <i>Noticias Jurídicas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Noticias+Jur%C3%ADdicas&rft.atitle=Real+Decreto+145%2F1996%2C+de+2+de+febrero%2C+por+el+que+se+modifica+y+da+nueva+redacci%C3%B3n+al+Reglamento+de+Espect%C3%A1culos+Taurinos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.juridicas.com%2Fbase_datos%2FAdmin%2Frd145-1996.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Fighting+Bull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mundotoro.com/temas/tema.aspx?value=180">mundotoro.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526195152/http://www.mundotoro.com/temas/tema.aspx?value=180">Archived</a> 2010-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824034253/https://ganaderiamiura.com/el-origen/">Origen</a>. Ganadería Miura. Archived 24 August 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080316193624/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,743975-1,00.html">"Animals: Pamplona's Encierros"</a>. <i>Time</i>. July 11, 1932. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,743975-1,00.html">the original</a> on March 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Animals%3A+Pamplona%27s+Encierros&rft.date=1932-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C743975-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Fighting+Bull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080504171606/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804164,00.html">"PLAIN PEOPLE: The Best Is Dead"</a>. <i>Time</i>. September 8, 1947. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804164,00.html">the original</a> on May 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=PLAIN+PEOPLE%3A+The+Best+Is+Dead&rft.date=1947-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C804164%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Fighting+Bull" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Villiers117-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Villiers117_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Villiers-Wardell, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cossío, <i>Los Toros</i>, tomo3: "<i>El toro bravo II</i>", <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-670-2531-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-670-2531-6">978-84-670-2531-6</a>, Espasa Calpe, 2007, Spanien, p 584.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilliers-Wardell1914" class="citation book cs1">Villiers-Wardell, Janie (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MwBFAAAAIAAJ&q=eduardo+miura"><i>Spain of the Spanish (Countries and Peoples Series)</i></a>. The University of California.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spain+of+the+Spanish+%28Countries+and+Peoples+Series%29&rft.pub=The+University+of+California&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Villiers-Wardell&rft.aufirst=Janie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMwBFAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Deduardo%2Bmiura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Fighting+Bull" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShubert2001" class="citation book cs1">Shubert, Adrian (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r9o9jbo3TkMC&q=eduardo+miura"><i>Death and money in the afternoon: a history of the Spanish bullfight</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514412-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514412-3"><bdi>978-0-19-514412-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+and+money+in+the+afternoon%3A+a+history+of+the+Spanish+bullfight&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514412-3&rft.aulast=Shubert&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr9o9jbo3TkMC%26q%3Deduardo%2Bmiura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Fighting+Bull" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrühsemVann2006" class="citation book cs1">Grühsem, Stephan; Vann, Peter (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ttIfxGBPx5kC&q=eduardo+miura"><i>Lamborghini Today: A Tempo Furioso</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-2704-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-2704-1"><bdi>0-7603-2704-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lamborghini+Today%3A+A+Tempo+Furioso&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=MotorBooks%2FMBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7603-2704-1&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%BChsem&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft.au=Vann%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DttIfxGBPx5kC%26q%3Deduardo%2Bmiura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Fighting+Bull" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Fighting_Bull&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toro_de_lidia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Toro de lidia">Toro de lidia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breeds_of_cattle" class="mw-redirect" title="List of breeds of cattle">List of breeds of cattle</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Bullfighting" title="Template:Bullfighting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bullfighting" title="Template talk:Bullfighting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bullfighting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bullfighting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bullfighting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types, styles,<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bull-leaping" title="Bull-leaping">Bull-leaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_wrestling" title="Bull wrestling">Bull wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corraleja" title="Corraleja">Corraleja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Course_landaise" title="Course landaise">Course landaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Tancredo" title="Don Tancredo">Don Tancredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feria_(festival)" title="Feria (festival)">Feria (festival)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feria_d%27Arles" title="Feria d'Arles">Feria d'Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanniu" title="Guanniu">Guanniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallikattu" title="Jallikattu">Jallikattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-style_bullfighting" title="Portuguese-style bullfighting">Portuguese-style bullfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_of_the_bulls" title="Running of the bulls">Running of the bulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-style_bullfighting" title="Spanish-style bullfighting">Spanish-style bullfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dgy%C5%AB" title="Tōgyū">Tōgyū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_de_fuego" title="Toro de fuego">Toro de fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_embolado" title="Toro embolado">Toro embolado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourada_%C3%A0_corda" title="Tourada à corda">Tourada à corda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaquejada" title="Vaquejada">Vaquejada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bullring" title="Bullring">Bullrings</a> by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Argentina" title="Category:Bullrings in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Colombia" title="Category:Bullrings in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Ecuador" title="Category:Bullrings in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_France" title="Category:Bullrings in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Mexico" title="Category:Bullrings in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Morocco" title="Category:Bullrings in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Mozambique" title="Category:Bullrings in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Peru" title="Category:Bullrings in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Portugal" title="Category:Bullrings in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Spain" title="Category:Bullrings in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Uruguay" title="Category:Bullrings in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullrings_in_Venezuela" title="Category:Bullrings in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Route_of_the_Bull" title="Route of the Bull">Route of the Bull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">Bulls</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Got_(bull)" title="Got (bull)">Got</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islero" title="Islero">Islero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Miura bull">Miura bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murci%C3%A9lago" title="Murciélago">Murciélago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish Fighting Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat%C3%B3n" title="Ratón">Ratón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Horses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_horse" title="Andalusian horse">Andalusian horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitano" title="Lusitano">Lusitano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alguacilillo" title="Alguacilillo">Alguacilillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullfighter" title="Bullfighter">Bullfighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcado" title="Forcado">Forcado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picador" title="Picador">Picador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejoneador" title="Rejoneador">Rejoneador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo_clown" title="Rodeo clown">Rodeo clown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual<br />bullfighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bullfighters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bullfighters">List of bullfighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_bullfighters" title="List of female bullfighters">List of female bullfighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez_(bullfighter_family)" title="Ordóñez (bullfighter family)">Ordóñez family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romero_(bullfighter_family)" title="Romero (bullfighter family)">Romero family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_bullfighters" title="Category:American bullfighters">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_bullfighters" title="Category:British bullfighters">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colombian_bullfighters" title="Category:Colombian bullfighters">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_bullfighters" title="Category:French bullfighters">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mexican_bullfighters" title="Category:Mexican bullfighters">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mozambican_bullfighters" title="Category:Mozambican bullfighters">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_bullfighters" title="Category:Peruvian bullfighters">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_bullfighters" title="Category:Portuguese bullfighters">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Puerto_Rican_bullfighters" title="Category:Puerto Rican bullfighters">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_bullfighters" title="Category:Romanian bullfighters">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_bullfighters" title="Category:Spanish bullfighters">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estoc" title="Estoc">Estoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montera" title="Montera">Montera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muleta" title="Muleta">Muleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traje_de_luces" title="Traje de luces">Traje de luces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Academy_of_Tauromaquia" title="California Academy of Tauromaquia">California Academy of Tauromaquia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Municipal_Taurino_Francisco_Montes" title="Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes">Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Criticisms_of_bullfighting" title="Category:Criticisms of bullfighting">Anti-bullfighting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Board_of_India" title="Animal Welfare Board of India">Animal Welfare Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AnimaNaturalis" title="AnimaNaturalis">AnimaNaturalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bullfighting_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bullfighting City">Anti-Bullfighting City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAS_International" title="CAS International">CAS International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equanimal" title="Equanimal">Equanimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullfighting_films" title="Category:Bullfighting films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bullfighting_books" title="Category:Bullfighting books">Books</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89cho_taurin" title="L'Écho taurin">L'Écho taurin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Hayride_(musical)" title="Mexican Hayride (musical)"><i>Mexican Hayride</i> (musical)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Ferdinand" title="The Story of Ferdinand">The Story of Ferdinand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Bull_(film)" title="Ferdinand the Bull (film)"><i>Ferdinand the Bull</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_(film)" title="Ferdinand (film)"><i>Ferdinand</i> (film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bull_wrestling" title="Bull wrestling">Bull wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovine_sports" title="Bovine sports">Bovine sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bous_al_carrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bous al carrer">Bous al carrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_wrestling" title="Camel wrestling">Camel 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