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id="toc-First_encampment_protest_at_Columbia_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_encampment_protest_at_Columbia_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 First encampment protest at Columbia University </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_encampment_protest_at_Columbia_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spread_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spread_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Spread in the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spread_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protesters'_demands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protesters'_demands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Protesters' demands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protesters'_demands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Closures,_cancellations,_and_graduation_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closures,_cancellations,_and_graduation_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Closures, cancellations, and graduation protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closures,_cancellations,_and_graduation_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divestment_by_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divestment_by_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Divestment by universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divestment_by_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negotiations_with_protesters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negotiations_with_protesters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Negotiations with protesters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negotiations_with_protesters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus_strikes_in_California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus_strikes_in_California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Campus strikes in California </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campus_strikes_in_California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Participants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Participants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Participants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizers_and_ideologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizers_and_ideologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Organizers and ideologies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizers_and_ideologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counter-protesters,_outside_groups,_and_infiltration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counter-protesters,_outside_groups,_and_infiltration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Counter-protesters, outside groups, and infiltration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counter-protesters,_outside_groups,_and_infiltration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antisemitism_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antisemitism_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Antisemitism allegations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antisemitism_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_anti-Palestinianism_and_Islamophobia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_anti-Palestinianism_and_Islamophobia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Allegations of anti-Palestinianism and Islamophobia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_anti-Palestinianism_and_Islamophobia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vandalism_and_property_damage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vandalism_and_property_damage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Vandalism and property damage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vandalism_and_property_damage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Responses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Responses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Administrative response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Police response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violence_and_incitement_against_protesters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence_and_incitement_against_protesters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Violence and incitement against protesters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violence_and_incitement_against_protesters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pro-Israeli_attack_at_UCLA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-Israeli_attack_at_UCLA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Pro-Israeli attack at UCLA </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-Israeli_attack_at_UCLA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polls_and_referenda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polls_and_referenda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Opinion polls and referenda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polls_and_referenda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Netherlands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faculty_and_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_and_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.1 Faculty and staff </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_and_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.2 Organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.3 Political </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.4 Legislation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.5 Lawsuits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Other countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Analysis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Analysis subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Comparisons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Political criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spread_of_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spread_of_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Spread of protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spread_of_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" > 18 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الاحتجاجات الجامعية المؤيدة لفلسطين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاحتجاجات الجامعية المؤيدة لفلسطين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AA-%E0%A6%8F_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD" title="২০২৪-এ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ক্যাম্পাসে ফিলিস্তিনপন্থী বিক্ষোভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="২০২৪-এ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ক্যাম্পাসে ফিলিস্তিনপন্থী বিক্ষোভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_(2024)" title="Прапалесцінскія пратэсты ва ўніверсітэцкіх кампусах (2024) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прапалесцінскія пратэсты ва ўніверсітэцкіх кампусах (2024)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestes_propalestines_a_campus_universitaris_del_2024" title="Protestes propalestines a campus universitaris del 2024 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protestes propalestines a campus universitaris del 2024" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestas_estudiantiles_de_Estados_Unidos_de_2024" title="Protestas estudiantiles de Estados Unidos de 2024 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protestas estudiantiles de Estados Unidos de 2024" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C" title="اعتراضات علیه جنگ اسرائیل در غزه در پردیس‌های دانشگاهی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اعتراضات علیه جنگ اسرائیل در غزه در پردیس‌های دانشگاهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_%C3%A9tudiant_propalestinien_en_2024" title="Mouvement étudiant propalestinien en 2024 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement étudiant propalestinien en 2024" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%B3id%C3%AD_na_mac_l%C3%A9inn_in_aghaidh_br%C3%BAidi%C3%BAlacht_Iosrael_sa_Phalaist%C3%ADn" title="Agóidí na mac léinn in aghaidh brúidiúlacht Iosrael sa Phalaistín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Agóidí na mac léinn in aghaidh brúidiúlacht Iosrael sa Phalaistín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%EB%85%84_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%98_%EC%B9%9C%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EC%8B%9C%EC%9C%84" title="2024년 대학가의 친팔레스타인 시위 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2024년 대학가의 친팔레스타인 시위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unjuk_rasa_pro-Palestina_di_universitas_2024" title="Unjuk rasa pro-Palestina di universitas 2024 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Unjuk rasa pro-Palestina di universitas 2024" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifada_studentesca" title="Intifada studentesca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Intifada studentesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המחאות נגד ישראל באוניברסיטאות בארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המחאות נגד ישראל באוניברסיטאות בארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests" title="Israel–Hamas war protests">Israel–Hamas war protests</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_Encampment_4_Palestine_(2024)_at_USYD_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Protest_Encampment_4_Palestine_%282024%29_at_USYD_02.jpg/147px-Protest_Encampment_4_Palestine_%282024%29_at_USYD_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Protest_Encampment_4_Palestine_%282024%29_at_USYD_02.jpg/221px-Protest_Encampment_4_Palestine_%282024%29_at_USYD_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Protest_Encampment_4_Palestine_%282024%29_at_USYD_02.jpg/294px-Protest_Encampment_4_Palestine_%282024%29_at_USYD_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Monash_camp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Monash_camp.jpg/147px-Monash_camp.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Monash_camp.jpg/221px-Monash_camp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Monash_camp.jpg/294px-Monash_camp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Overview_of_the_McGill_encampment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Overview_of_the_McGill_encampment.jpg/147px-Overview_of_the_McGill_encampment.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Overview_of_the_McGill_encampment.jpg/221px-Overview_of_the_McGill_encampment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Overview_of_the_McGill_encampment.jpg/294px-Overview_of_the_McGill_encampment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstrators_Reinforcing_a_Barricade_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Demonstrators_Reinforcing_a_Barricade_%28cropped%29.jpg/147px-Demonstrators_Reinforcing_a_Barricade_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Demonstrators_Reinforcing_a_Barricade_%28cropped%29.jpg/221px-Demonstrators_Reinforcing_a_Barricade_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Demonstrators_Reinforcing_a_Barricade_%28cropped%29.jpg/294px-Demonstrators_Reinforcing_a_Barricade_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1429" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div style="text-align:center">Clockwise from top: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation">Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Amsterdam_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 University of Amsterdam pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_pro-Palestinian_encampment" title="McGill University pro-Palestinian encampment">McGill University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Oregon_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of Oregon pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of Oregon</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">April 17, 2024 – July 2024 (3 months, 1 week and 2 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location">Global; primarily in the United States <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">List of countries</a><a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-2024c-1">[1]</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Argentina</li><li>Austria<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li><li>Australia</li><li>Bangladesh<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li><li>Belgium<a href="#cite_note-Belgium-Netherlands-4">[4]</a></li><li>Brazil<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li><li>Canada</li><li>Costa Rica<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li><li>Cuba<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li><li>Denmark</li><li>Egypt</li><li>Finland</li><li>France</li><li>Germany</li><li>India</li><li>Indonesia<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li><li>Iraq<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li><li>Ireland</li><li>Italy</li><li>Japan</li><li>Kuwait</li><li>Lebanon</li><li>Mexico</li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a href="#cite_note-Belgium-Netherlands-4">[4]</a></li><li>New Zealand<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li><li>Portugal<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li><li>Romania<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li><li>South Africa<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li><li>South Korea<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li><li>Spain</li><li>Sweden<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li><li>Tunisia<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li><li>United Kingdom</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024">United States</a></li><li>Yemen</li></ul></div> </div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Opposition to<div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">U.S. support for Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_2023_Israeli_attack_on_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza">Alleged genocide in Gaza</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_Israel" title="Disinvestment from Israel">Investments in Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Goals</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Universities <a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_Israel" title="Disinvestment from Israel">divesting from Israel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawsuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawsuits">Lawsuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">Picketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling strikes">Rolling strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disorder" title="Civil disorder">Civil disorder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Casualties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">15-25+ protesters hospitalized<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Arrested</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">3,100 protesters<a href="#cite_note-NYT-2024-Arrests-19">[19]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses started in 2023 and escalated in April 2024, spreading <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024">in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">other countries</a>, as part of wider <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests" title="Israel–Hamas war protests">Israel–Hamas war protests</a>. The escalation began after mass arrests at the <a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation">Columbia University campus occupation</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Zionist">anti-Zionist</a> groups, in which protesters demanded the university's <a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_Israel" title="Disinvestment from Israel">disinvestment from Israel</a> over its <a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_2023_Israeli_attack_on_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza">alleged genocide of Palestinians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024b-20">[20]</a> In the U.S. over 3,100 protesters have been arrested,<a href="#cite_note-NYT-2024-Arrests-19">[19]</a> including faculty members and professors,<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-2024c-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> on over 60 campuses.<a href="#cite_note-Rubin-2024-22">[22]</a> On May 7, protests spread across Europe with mass arrests <a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kassam-2024-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> By May 12, twenty encampments had been established in the United Kingdom, and across universities in Australia and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Tait-2024-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The protests largely ended as universities closed for the summer.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The different protests' varying demands include severing financial ties with Israel, transparency over financial ties, an end to partnerships with Israeli institutions,<a href="#cite_note-Levison-2024-28">[28]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> for protesters.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024a-29">[29]</a> Universities have suspended and expelled student protesters, in some cases evicting them from campus housing.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-2024c-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Andone-2024-31">[31]</a> Some universities have relied on police to forcibly disband encampments and end occupations of buildings,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> others made agreements with protesters for encampments to be dismantled,<a href="#cite_note-Shamim-2024-33">[33]</a> and a number of universities have cut ties with Israeli institutions, or companies involved with Israel and its <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupied territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[a]</a> The occupations have also resulted in the closure of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Egan-2024-41">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cal_Poly_Humboldt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cal Poly Humboldt">Cal Poly Humboldt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CBS_San_Francisco-2024-42">[41]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024-43">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_strike" title="Rolling strike">rolling strikes</a> by academic workers <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_California_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in California in 2024">on campuses in California</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:11-44">[43]</a> and the cancellation of a few university graduation ceremonies in the U.S., with protests occurring at various ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-Staff-2024-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Press-2024-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Over 200 groups have expressed support for the protests,<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> as well as U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, various members of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, several <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">labor unions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Shen-2024-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosman-2024-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[50]</a> hundreds of university staff in the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-Castle-2024-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-53">[52]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_letter_to_American_students_by_Khamenei" class="mw-redirect" title="Open letter to American students by Khamenei">Iran's supreme leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-54">[53]</a> The police response to the protests has been criticized by some <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a><a href="#cite_note-Bedigan-2024-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grim-2024-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Astor-2024-57">[56]</a> and human rights organizations.<a href="#cite_note-Healey-2024-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Iqbal-2024-59">[58]</a> An estimated 8% of college students have participated in protests,<a href="#cite_note-Habeshian-2024-60">[59]</a> 97% of protests have remained <a href="/wiki/Non-violent_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-violent protests">nonviolent</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GuardianPeaceful-61">[60]</a> and 28–40% of Americans support the protests with 42–47% opposed.<a href="#cite_note-Orth-2024-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-63">[62]</a> The protests have been compared to the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War#Students" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">anti-Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">1968 protests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Helmore-2024-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-The-Daily-Beast-2024-65">[64]</a> Supporters of Israel and some Jewish students have raised concerns about <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> incidents at or around the protests,<a href="#cite_note-Ferré-Sadurní-2024-66">[65]</a> prompting condemnations of the protests from leaders including President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024a-29">[29]</a> Prime Minister of the Netherlands <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a>,<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> and Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Mpoke_Bigg-2024-68">[67]</a> as well as concern from Australian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcus-2024-69">[68]</a> and UK Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Adams-2024-70">[69]</a> Students and faculty members who have participated in the protests, many of whom are Jewish, have said the protests are not antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-Hall-2024-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_States#Universities" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States">Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States § Universities</a></div> Protests, including rallies, demonstrations, campaigns, and vigils related to the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> have occurred across the U.S. since the conflict's <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">start on October 7, 2023</a>, alongside other <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests" title="Israel–Hamas war protests">Israel–Hamas war protests</a> around the world. Pro-Palestinian protesters criticized <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">U.S. military and diplomatic support for Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">Israel's invasion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and its <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">war conduct</a>, which some <a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_2023_Israeli_attack_on_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza">called a genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> Students occupying administrative buildings were arrested at the request of college administrators at <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> in November<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> and December 2023,<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a> on April 5, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> In March 2024,<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> after protesters occupied the president's office at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>, the university suspended students and expelled three. These were "believed to be the first student expulsions over protests related to the Israel-Hamas conflict", according to <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulldozer_Demolishing_a_Barricade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bulldozer_Demolishing_a_Barricade.jpg/220px-Bulldozer_Demolishing_a_Barricade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bulldozer_Demolishing_a_Barricade.jpg/330px-Bulldozer_Demolishing_a_Barricade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bulldozer_Demolishing_a_Barricade.jpg/440px-Bulldozer_Demolishing_a_Barricade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1679" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>Bulldozer demolishing a barricade at the <a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Amsterdam_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 University of Amsterdam pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of Amsterdam campus occupation</a>, May 8</figcaption></figure> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> This is a list of <a href="/wiki/Pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses</a> in 2024 since protests escalated on April 17, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation">Columbia University campus occupation</a>. As of May 6, <a href="/wiki/Student_protest" title="Student protest">student protests</a> have occurred in 45 out of 50 states <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024">in the United States</a>, and the District of Columbia, with encampments, <a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">occupations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walkout" title="Walkout">walkouts</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sit-in" title="Sit-in">sit-ins</a> on almost 140 campuses.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Thirty four encampments were established in the United Kingdom;<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> across universities in Australia,<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> beginning with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a>;<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024_Dumas-2024-85">[84]</a> and in Canada, including an <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_pro-Palestinian_encampment" title="McGill University pro-Palestinian encampment">encampment at McGill University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> On May 7, protests spread further on European campuses after mass arrests at the <a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Amsterdam_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 University of Amsterdam pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of Amsterdam campus occupation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024_:3-87">[86]</a> including occupation of campus buildings at <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University" title="Leipzig University">Leipzig University</a> in Germany, <a href="/wiki/2024_Sciences_Po_pro-Palestinian_occupation_protest" title="2024 Sciences Po pro-Palestinian occupation protest">Sciences Po</a> in France, and <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a> in Belgium.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024_Kassam-2024-88">[87]</a> As of May 8, protests have taken place in more than 25 countries.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024_Al_Jazeera-2024c-89">[88]</a> On May 13, approximately 1,000 Dutch students and university staff took part in a national <a href="/wiki/Walkout" title="Walkout">walk-out</a>.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024_:0-90">[89]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_encampment_protest_at_Columbia_University">First encampment protest at Columbia University</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbia_first_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment_post_NYPD_arrests.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Columbia_first_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment_post_NYPD_arrests.jpg/298px-Columbia_first_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment_post_NYPD_arrests.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Columbia_first_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment_post_NYPD_arrests.jpg/447px-Columbia_first_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment_post_NYPD_arrests.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Columbia_first_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment_post_NYPD_arrests.jpg/596px-Columbia_first_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment_post_NYPD_arrests.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1816" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbia_reinstated_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment,_day_5_wide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Columbia_reinstated_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment%2C_day_5_wide.jpg/298px-Columbia_reinstated_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment%2C_day_5_wide.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Columbia_reinstated_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment%2C_day_5_wide.jpg/447px-Columbia_reinstated_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment%2C_day_5_wide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Columbia_reinstated_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment%2C_day_5_wide.jpg/596px-Columbia_reinstated_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment%2C_day_5_wide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1800" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>First encampment after arrests, April 18</li> <li>Growth of second encampment, April 23</li></ul> </div></div></div></div></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupations">2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupations</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> A series of <a href="/wiki/Occupation_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation protest">occupation protests</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pro-Palestinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Palestinian">pro-Palestinian</a> students occurred at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> from April to June 2024, in the context of the broader <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_States" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States">Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States</a>. The protests began on April 17, 2024, when pro-Palestinian students established an encampment of approximately 50 tents on the university campus, calling it the Gaza Solidarity Encampment,<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_:0-92">[91]</a> and demanded the university <a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_Israel" title="Disinvestment from Israel">divest from Israel</a>. The first encampment was dismantled when university president <a href="/wiki/Minouche_Shafik" title="Minouche Shafik">Minouche Shafik</a> authorized the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> (NYPD) to enter the campus on April 18 and conduct mass arrests.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_:0-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> A new encampment was built the next day. The administration then entered into negotiations with protesters, which failed on April 29 and resulted in the suspension of student protesters.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_suspend-94">[93]</a> The next day, protesters broke into and occupied <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Hall_(Columbia_University)" title="Hamilton Hall (Columbia University)">Hamilton Hall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_:16-95">[94]</a> leading to a second NYPD raid, the arrest of more than 100 protesters, and the full dismantling of the camp.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_NBCR-96">[95]</a> The arrests marked the first time Columbia allowed police to suppress campus protests since the <a href="/wiki/1968_Columbia_University_protests" title="1968 Columbia University protests">1968 demonstrations against the Vietnam War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_:4-97">[96]</a> On May 31, a third campus encampment was briefly established in response to an alumni reunion.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_:20-98">[97]</a> As a result of the protests, Columbia University switched to <a href="/wiki/Blended_learning" title="Blended learning">hybrid learning</a> (incorporating more online learning) for the rest of the semester.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_:7-99">[98]</a> The protests encouraged other actions at multiple universities. Several antisemitic incidents took place near the protests.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_:6-100">[99]</a> Organizers have said they were the work of outside agitators and non-students.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_CLS-101">[100]</a> Pro-Palestinian Jewish protesters have said that incidents of antisemitism by protesters are not representative of the protest movement.<a href="#cite_note-2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations_:6-100">[99]</a> On May 6, the school administration canceled the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_commencement" title="Columbia University commencement">university-wide graduation ceremony</a> scheduled for May 15.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Shafik announced her resignation from the presidency on August 14.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spread_in_the_United_States">Spread in the United States</h3></div> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 350px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 350px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="350" data-height="200" data-zoom="3" data-lat="38.828175" data-lon="-96.5795" data-overlays="["_879020aa5c152847d2c21f6be0c5ef0d41e8362d"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/38.828175/-96.5795/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,38.828175,-96.5795,350x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses&groups=_879020aa5c152847d2c21f6be0c5ef0d41e8362d" width="350" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,38.828175,-96.5795,350x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses&groups=_879020aa5c152847d2c21f6be0c5ef0d41e8362d 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Universities in the United States with Israel–Hamas war protests since April 2024. Columbia University is marked in red. Other colleges that had encampments are marked in green, and non-encampment protests are marked in blue.</div></div></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024">List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Demonstrations initially spread in the United States on April 22, when students at several universities on the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a>—including <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emerson_College" title="Emerson College">Emerson College</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT), and <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>—began <a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">occupying</a> campuses, as well as experiencing mass arrests in New York and at Yale.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_FitzGerald-20242-104">[103]</a> Protests emerged throughout the U.S. in the following days, with <a href="/wiki/Protest_camp" title="Protest camp">protest camps</a> established on over 40 campuses.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_Marcos-2024-105">[104]</a> On April 25, mass arrests occurred at Emerson College, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_Pelham-20242-106">[105]</a> A continued crackdown on April 27 led to approximately 275 arrests at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University Bloomington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_Thompson-2024-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_Betts-20242-108">[107]</a> Several professors were among those detained at <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_Andone-2024-109">[108]</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>, university employees were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_Thompson-2024-107">[106]</a> On April 28, <a href="/wiki/Counter-protest" title="Counter-protest">counter-protests</a> were held at MIT, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (UCLA).<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_Mazzei-2024a2-110">[109]</a> On April 30, approximately 300 protesters were arrested at Columbia University and <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>;<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pro-Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Israel">pro-Israel</a> counter-protesters attacked the <a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation">UCLA campus occupation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_:3nytimes-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_Ramirez-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_LA-Times-2024-114">[113]</a> The following day over 200 arrests were made at UCLA.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_CNN-2024-115">[114]</a> Hundreds of arrests ensued in May, notably<a href="#cite_note-117">[b]</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology" title="Fashion Institute of Technology">Fashion Institute of Technology</a> in New York,<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_CNN-Map-2024-116">[115]</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> On May 20, the first strike by academic workers took place on <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_California_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in California in 2024">campuses in California</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">UC Santa Cruz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">UC Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> on May 28.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protesters'_demands">Protesters' demands</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SOAS_BDS_demonstration_27_April_2017_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SOAS_BDS_demonstration_27_April_2017_12.jpg/220px-SOAS_BDS_demonstration_27_April_2017_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SOAS_BDS_demonstration_27_April_2017_12.jpg/330px-SOAS_BDS_demonstration_27_April_2017_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SOAS_BDS_demonstration_27_April_2017_12.jpg/440px-SOAS_BDS_demonstration_27_April_2017_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A BDS demonstration outside the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Oriental and African Studies">School of Oriental and African Studies</a> in London, April 2017</figcaption></figure> Many of the protests involve student demands that their schools sever financial ties to Israel and companies involved in the conflict, as well as an end to U.S. military support for Israel,<a href="#cite_note-Tucker-2024-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul-2024-122">[120]</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a> (BDS) movement.<a href="#cite_note-Levison-2024-28">[28]</a> Some protests have also demanded that the universities sever academic ties with Israel, support a ceasefire in Gaza, and disclose investments.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> Student demands have varied among the different occupations, including for universities to stop accepting research money from Israel that supports the military, and an end to college endowments investing with managers who profit from Israeli entities.<a href="#cite_note-Levison-2024-28">[28]</a> Student protesters called on Columbia University to financially divest from any company with business ties to the Israeli government, including <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> NYU Alumni for Palestine called on New York University to "terminate all vendor contracts with companies playing active roles in the military occupation in Palestine and ongoing genocide in Gaza, namely <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>".<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> Pro-Palestinian protesters demanded that the University of Washington cut ties with <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Students at the University of Vermont demanded the cancellation of a planned commencement speech by <a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> After several mass arrests, the demands have also included amnesty for students and faculty who were disciplined or fired for protesting. The protests on many campuses are created by coalitions of student groups, and are largely independent, but some have claimed that they were inspired by other campus protests. All have disavowed violence.<a href="#cite_note-AP_News-2024-128">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024a-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_OMHP_barricades_around_1530_on_the_8th_of_May_2024,_as_viewed_from_the_roof_of_the_old_Academic_Club.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_OMHP_barricades_around_1530_on_the_8th_of_May_2024%2C_as_viewed_from_the_roof_of_the_old_Academic_Club.png/220px-The_OMHP_barricades_around_1530_on_the_8th_of_May_2024%2C_as_viewed_from_the_roof_of_the_old_Academic_Club.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_OMHP_barricades_around_1530_on_the_8th_of_May_2024%2C_as_viewed_from_the_roof_of_the_old_Academic_Club.png/330px-The_OMHP_barricades_around_1530_on_the_8th_of_May_2024%2C_as_viewed_from_the_roof_of_the_old_Academic_Club.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_OMHP_barricades_around_1530_on_the_8th_of_May_2024%2C_as_viewed_from_the_roof_of_the_old_Academic_Club.png/440px-The_OMHP_barricades_around_1530_on_the_8th_of_May_2024%2C_as_viewed_from_the_roof_of_the_old_Academic_Club.png 2x" data-file-width="3048" data-file-height="1827" /></a><figcaption>Overview of barricades at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>. After a <a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Amsterdam_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation#Timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 University of Amsterdam pro-Palestinian campus occupation">series of occupation protests</a>, the university closed for two days on May 13.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024-43">[42]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closures,_cancellations,_and_graduation_protests">Closures, cancellations, and graduation protests</h3></div> In April 2024, the occupations resulted in the closure of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cal_Poly_Humboldt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cal Poly Humboldt">Cal Poly Humboldt</a> for the remainder of the semester,<a href="#cite_note-Egan-2024-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBS_San_Francisco-2024-42">[41]</a> and faculty members in California, Georgia, and Texas also initiated <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">votes of no confidence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thompson-2024-129">[127]</a> Columbia, Cal Poly Humboldt, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> canceled their graduation ceremonies due in May.<a href="#cite_note-Looker-2024-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bedigan-2024a-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Staff-2024-45">[44]</a> On May 13, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a> closed for two days after renewed occupations on campus.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024-43">[42]</a> In May, protests at graduation ceremonies occurred at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Chicago" title="University of Illinois Chicago">University of Illinois Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Staff-2024-45">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina" title="University of North Carolina">University of North Carolina</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Press-2024-46">[45]</a> After demands from protesters, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a> canceled its graduation ceremony speaker, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Staff-2024-45">[44]</a> On June 1, students staged a <a href="/wiki/Walkout" title="Walkout">walkout</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>'s graduation ceremony, and walkouts at graduations occurred at Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> In April, a pro-Palestinian student group won elections in the University of Michigan's student government. In August, the student government voted to freeze its funding for student clubs until the university met student activists' divestment demands.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divestment_by_universities">Divestment by universities</h3></div> On April 28, <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a> (PSU) announced it was pausing its financial ties with <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, including gifts and grants, over its ties to Israel. PSU President <a href="/wiki/Ann_Cudd" title="Ann Cudd">Ann Cudd</a> wrote in a campus-wide letter, "the passion with which these demands are being repeatedly expressed by some in our community motivates".<a href="#cite_note-CNN-2024-34">[34]</a> On May 6, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> in Ireland agreed to end its investments in Israeli companies that are listed on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> "blacklist" after an encampment on Fellows' Square was erected.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> This included three of the 13 Israeli companies the university's endowment fund had invested in.<a href="#cite_note-White-2024-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-carroll8may-135">[133]</a> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024#Finland" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">University of Helsinki</a> in Finland suspended <a href="/wiki/Student_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="Student exchanges">student exchanges</a> with Israeli universities on May 21 after two weeks of campus protests.<a href="#cite_note-:7-36">[36]</a> On May 28, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024#Denmark" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">University of Copenhagen</a> in Denmark announced it would cease investing in companies that operate in the <a href="/wiki/Occupied_West_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied West Bank">occupied West Bank</a>, divesting US$145,810 worth of holdings from <a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Booking.com" title="Booking.com">Booking.com</a>, and <a href="/wiki/EDreams" title="EDreams">EDreams</a> the next day.<a href="#cite_note-:8-37">[37]</a> On May 31, after an investigation was conducted, <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024#Belgium" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">Ghent University</a> in Belgium cut ties with Israeli universities and research institutions, referencing "concerns regarding connections between Israeli academic institutions and the Israeli government, military, or security services".<a href="#cite_note-:9-38">[38]</a> The university had severed ties with three Israeli institutions two weeks earlier, citing incompatibility with Israel's <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> policy.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> On June 11, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a> in Ontario, Canada, agreed to protesters' demands to factor human rights into its investment decisions.<a href="#cite_note-:14-39">[39]</a> In late August 2024, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a> began the divestment process from four weapons manufacturers involved with the war.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> The next month, the MIT Coalition for Palestine announced that MIT would discontinue its MIT-Lockheed Martin Seed Fund, a program that financed collaboration between MIT and Israeli universities. The Coalition said this was "the first known American-Israeli weapons manufacturer partnership to end at an American university since the war on Gaza began".<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> In November 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Strasbourg" title="Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg">Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg</a> said it would break ties with <a href="/wiki/Reichman_University" title="Reichman University">Reichman University</a> in Israel due to its "warmongering" stance on Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negotiations_with_protesters">Negotiations with protesters</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berkeley_Free_Palestine_Camp_6_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Berkeley_Free_Palestine_Camp_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Berkeley_Free_Palestine_Camp_6_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Berkeley_Free_Palestine_Camp_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Berkeley_Free_Palestine_Camp_6_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Berkeley_Free_Palestine_Camp_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Berkeley_Free_Palestine_Camp_6_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4475" data-file-height="2983" /></a><figcaption>At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, the encampment was dismantled after reaching an agreement with the university.<a href="#cite_note-:12-140">[138]</a></figcaption></figure> Other universities have said they will consider divestment demands regarding Israel-affiliated companies. Some have agreed to disclose their investments and committed to increase awareness about Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-Shamim-2024-33">[33]</a> Universities that have come to agreements with protesters over certain demands, in order for encampments to be dismantled, include <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> on April 29; <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_State_College" title="Evergreen State College">Evergreen State College</a> on April 30; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> on May 1; <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> on May 2; <a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths, University of London</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">University of California, Riverside</a> on May 3; <a href="/wiki/Thompson_Rivers_University" title="Thompson Rivers University">Thompson Rivers University</a> on May 4, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> on May 14;<a href="#cite_note-:12-140">[138]</a> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University" title="Wesleyan University">Wesleyan University</a> allowed encampments on campus to continue,<a href="#cite_note-Shamim-2024-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">University of Barcelona</a>, the Senate voted to break ties with Israel.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> On May 15, the protest encampment at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> ended after the administration agreed to discuss the protesters' demands and to rescind the suspension of 20 students.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> At <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a>, Sonoma State campus president Mike Lee was placed on leave after he agreed to pursue divestment from Israel "without the appropriate approvals".<a href="#cite_note-politico-jones15may-144">[142]</a> On May 23, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> became the first Australian university to accept certain demands. The university agreed to further disclose research grants, subject to confidentiality requirements, in order to increase transparency.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Students at <a href="/wiki/The_New_School" title="The New School">The New School</a> attempted a unique strategy that combined escalations at their encampment and negotiations with administrators. Rather than accepting that negotiations could continue only if escalation ceased, organizers escalated their protests and then offered to cease that escalation in exchange for other concessions during negotiations, improving their bargaining position. Though their encampment was ultimately swept by police, the sweep led to backlash and condemnation by faculty and deans and required a day-long shutdown of the campus. Students at The New School secured the formation of an advisory investment committee and a subsequent trustee vote on investment in the fall.<a href="#cite_note-:18-146">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campus_strikes_in_California">Campus strikes in California</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_California_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in California in 2024">List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in California in 2024</a></div> On May 15, members of <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> Local 4811, the union representing 48,000 graduate students on 10 campuses in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> system, voted to authorize a strike because the university unfairly changed policies and discriminated against students who were exercising their right to free speech and created an unsafe work environment by allowing attacks on protesters. The authorization did not guarantee a strike, but allowed the executive board to call one at any time.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> Strike action began at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">UC Santa Cruz</a> on May 20. Union members and leaders said they were not teaching or grading, were withholding data, and would continue to do so until they reached a deal with university officials. The strike was in part a protest against arrests of pro-Palestinian protesters at <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">UC Irvine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">UC San Diego</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> The UC system responded by seeking an injunction against the union, declaring the walkout illegal. On May 23, the <a href="/wiki/California_Labor_and_Workforce_Development_Agency" title="California Labor and Workforce Development Agency">California Public Employment Relations Board</a> denied the injunction. The walkout extended to UCLA and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">UC Davis</a> on May 28,<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> with the intention of expanding to <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">UC Santa Barbara</a>, UC San Diego, and UC Irvine starting the week of June 3.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine_protest_at_UC_Berkeley_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine_protest_at_UC_Berkeley_2014.jpg/220px-Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine_protest_at_UC_Berkeley_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine_protest_at_UC_Berkeley_2014.jpg/330px-Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine_protest_at_UC_Berkeley_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine_protest_at_UC_Berkeley_2014.jpg/440px-Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine_protest_at_UC_Berkeley_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3144" /></a><figcaption>One of the organizing groups, <a href="/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine" title="Students for Justice in Palestine">Students for Justice in Palestine</a>, protesting at <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>, 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IfNotNow_Protesting_AIPAC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/IfNotNow_Protesting_AIPAC.jpg/220px-IfNotNow_Protesting_AIPAC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/IfNotNow_Protesting_AIPAC.jpg/330px-IfNotNow_Protesting_AIPAC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/IfNotNow_Protesting_AIPAC.jpg/440px-IfNotNow_Protesting_AIPAC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IfNotNow" title="IfNotNow">IfNotNow</a>, another organizing group, protesting in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, 2017</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizers_and_ideologies">Organizers and ideologies</h3></div> Some of the protests are organized by groups such as <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a>, founded in 1996 as a progressive Jewish anti-Zionist organization; <a href="/wiki/IfNotNow" title="IfNotNow">IfNotNow</a>, founded during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza War</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine" title="Students for Justice in Palestine">Students for Justice in Palestine</a> (SJP), which has over 200 North American chapters.<a href="#cite_note-Hollingsworth-2024-152">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024b-20">[20]</a> In late 2023, SJP chapters were banned or suspended at <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> In Florida, chapters were ordered to disband.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> In response, SJP chapters at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">University of South Florida</a> filed federal lawsuits.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> Pro-Palestinian students were also <a href="/wiki/Doxxed" class="mw-redirect" title="Doxxed">doxxed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">Accuracy in Media</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, Columbia, and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> American intelligence assessments concluded that <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> had covertly supported the protests using social media by posing as students with operatives providing financial assistance to some protest groups in an attempt to stoke division,<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> but <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a> said that U.S. citizens were protesting "in good faith" and that this intelligence "did not indicate otherwise".<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> Qatar reportedly contributed $4.7 billion to U.S. academic institutions between 2001 and 2021; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_L._Marcus" title="Kenneth L. Marcus">Kenneth Marcus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Louis_D._Brandeis_Center_for_Human_Rights_Under_Law" title="Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law">Brandeis Center</a> suggested this may have affected university administrators' willingness to impose discipline.<a href="#cite_note-o526-164">[162]</a> Participants include students, faculty, and unaffiliated people of various backgrounds,<a href="#cite_note-Mazzei-2024-165">[163]</a> including both Jews and Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024a-29">[29]</a> Pro-Palestinian activists at Columbia have said that their movement is <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rosman-2024-50">[49]</a> and several campus protests have been organized by anti-Zionist groups.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024b-20">[20]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>, protesters at Harvard in a press conference called the campus occupation movement a "student <a href="/wiki/Intifada" title="Intifada">intifada</a>",<a href="#cite_note-Intifada-169">[c]</a> a term echoed by protesters at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University Bloomington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Makoii-2024-170">[167]</a> as well as Palestinians in Gaza, while calling for an escalation in protests.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> Protesters have identified a wide range of other ideologies motivating them, such as <a href="/wiki/Antiracism" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiracism">antiracism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectionality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-colonialism">anti-colonialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialism</a>, policing, the impact of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Peters-2024-172">[169]</a> At Columbia, protesters who breached Hamilton Hall wrote <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a> revolutionary slogans ("<a href="/wiki/Political_power_grows_out_of_the_barrel_of_a_gun" title="Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun">Political power comes from the barrel of a gun</a>") on blackboards.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> One group involved in the protest movement, Columbia University Apartheid Divest, has grown more supportive of Hamas and the October 7 attacks over the course of 2024, retracting its apology for a student leader's statement that "Zionists don't deserve to live".<a href="#cite_note-v962-174">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Within_Our_Lifetime" title="Within Our Lifetime">Within Our Lifetime</a> leader Nerdeen Kiswani, who arrived at the Columbia encampment in April, has called for Palestine liberation "'by any means necessary', including armed resistance".<a href="#cite_note-b043-175">[172]</a> Her group was formed from <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">CUNY</a> <a href="/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine" title="Students for Justice in Palestine">SJP</a>. The group targeted the Brooklyn Museum in May 2024, and one of its representatives shouted for Zionists to leave a subway train in June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-b043-175">[172]</a> Protesters have criticized <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and his <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">administration's support for Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> The protests have hosted <a href="/wiki/Teach-in" title="Teach-in">teach-ins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Interfaith prayer">interfaith prayer</a>, and musical performances.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024a-29">[29]</a> Some protests invited people to tour or speak, such as Palestinian photojournalist <a href="/wiki/Motaz_Azaiza" title="Motaz Azaiza">Motaz Azaiza</a>, who was invited to and visited Columbia's protest.<a href="#cite_note-Mendez-2024-177">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> The Palestinian activist <a href="/wiki/Linda_Sarsour" title="Linda Sarsour">Linda Sarsour</a> said, "These young people are reaffirming and demonstrating that the tide is shifting on Palestine, that the Palestinian people have solidarity not just across the United States of America, but across the world".<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counter-protesters,_outside_groups,_and_infiltration">Counter-protesters, outside groups, and infiltration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024-04-30_sdsu_protest_library_flag_pro_israel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/2024-04-30_sdsu_protest_library_flag_pro_israel.png/220px-2024-04-30_sdsu_protest_library_flag_pro_israel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/2024-04-30_sdsu_protest_library_flag_pro_israel.png/330px-2024-04-30_sdsu_protest_library_flag_pro_israel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/2024-04-30_sdsu_protest_library_flag_pro_israel.png/440px-2024-04-30_sdsu_protest_library_flag_pro_israel.png 2x" data-file-width="1621" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Palestinian protesters march past pro-Israel counter-protesters at <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_California_in_2024#San_Diego_State" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in California in 2024">San Diego State University</a>, April 30</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a> agitators and <a href="/wiki/White_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="White nationalist">white nationalists</a> have been seen at some protests seeking to sow chaos and violence,<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation">UCLA campus occupation</a>, where they were among pro-Israeli counter-protesters who attacked the encampment. A <a href="/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a> has been among the counter-protesters supported by far-right activists across the country.<a href="#cite_note-Winston-2024-181">[178]</a> Experts have raised concern about far-right groups attempting to infiltrate protests to cause harm, and subsequent reactions from militant <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left</a> activists aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">anti-fascist movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Carless-2024-182">[179]</a> Concern has been raised over the presence of outside groups at protests.<a href="#cite_note-Mazzei-2024-165">[163]</a> During arrests in New York on May 2, police announced that nearly half of those arrested at Columbia and <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">CCNY</a> were unaffiliated with either school. Mayor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a> said that they had seen evidence that outside agitators and "professionals" such as <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Fithian" title="Lisa Fithian">Lisa Fithian</a> and the wife of <a href="/wiki/Sami_Al-Arian" title="Sami Al-Arian">Sami Al-Arian</a> had given students tactical knowledge and training to escalate their protests.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> James Carlson, a 40-year old lawyer, was indicted in September 2024 on charges of burning an Israeli flag outside the Columbia campus.<a href="#cite_note-b043-175">[172]</a> Many protesters have donned masks and <a href="/wiki/Keffiyeh" title="Keffiyeh">keffiyehs</a>, which has increased concerns from provosts and deans that outsiders have infiltrated protests. Some Jewish students fear that the anonymity gives greater license for evading consequences. Protesters have expressed fears of having reputational and professional harm from identification.<a href="#cite_note-Fandos-2024-184">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antisemitism_allegations">Antisemitism allegations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation#Allegations_of_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation">2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation § Allegations of antisemitism</a></div> Several protests have been criticized for alleged <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ferré-Sadurní-2024-66">[65]</a> Some students have called some of the incidents reported at protests and on campus "threatening" and said they make them feel unsafe. Jewish students were targeted for their faith, for wearing <a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Jewish symbols</a>, or were accused of being Zionists and subsequently targeted.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> Some Jewish students have also said the protests created a climate of fear and hate on campus.<a href="#cite_note-Alfonseca-2024-186">[183]</a> According <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Post" title="The Jewish Post">The Jewish Post</a>, a survey by <a href="/wiki/Hillel_International" title="Hillel International">Hillel</a> of Jewish students at universities with encampments found that most of them felt unsafe due to encampments. 72% of respondents wanted them dismantled and 61% considered language used at the protests antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-The-Jerusalem-Post-2024-187">[184]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a> concluded that <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/CUNY" class="mw-redirect" title="CUNY">CUNY</a> failed to assess whether the protests made the environment hostile.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Free_Palestine_Camp_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Harvard_Free_Palestine_Camp_14.jpg/220px-Harvard_Free_Palestine_Camp_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Harvard_Free_Palestine_Camp_14.jpg/330px-Harvard_Free_Palestine_Camp_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Harvard_Free_Palestine_Camp_14.jpg/440px-Harvard_Free_Palestine_Camp_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Encampment at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> with the banner "<a href="/wiki/From_the_river_to_the_sea" title="From the river to the sea">from the river to the sea</a>, Palestine will be free" (top right). According to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, the slogan often <a href="/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel" title="Calls for the destruction of Israel">calls for the destruction of Israel</a>, including its <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Jewish population</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McGreal-2024-189">[186]</a></figcaption></figure> Supporters of Israel and some students have said that the word "<a href="/wiki/Intifada" title="Intifada">intifada</a>", the phrase "<a href="/wiki/From_the_river_to_the_sea" title="From the river to the sea">from the river to the sea</a>", and chants comparing Israel and Zionism to Nazism are antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-McGreal-2024-189">[186]</a> Others, including Jewish students, have argued against conflating antisemitism with anti-Zionism, saying the charge is used to chill debate.<a href="#cite_note-Alfonseca-2024-186">[183]</a> Pro-Palestinian and Jewish student protesters have asserted that the protests are not antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-Hall-2024-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosman-2024-50">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> noted that incidents of antisemitism appear to be "relatively isolated" and likelier to occur when non-students are in a parallel protest.<a href="#cite_note-McGreal-2024-189">[186]</a> Pro-Palestinian student groups at the protests have been quick to condemn inflammatory remarks.<a href="#cite_note-Alfonseca-2024-186">[183]</a> Some pro-Palestinian Jewish students have said they have faced antisemitism from pro-Israel activists.<a href="#cite_note-McGreal-2024-189">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alfonseca-2024-186">[183]</a> Some commentators and politicians, including Mayor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a>, U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Foxx" title="Virginia Foxx">Virginia Foxx</a>, and NYPD deputy commissioner of operations Kaz Daughtry, promoted a <a href="/wiki/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories" title="George Soros conspiracy theories">conspiracy theory</a> that <a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a> or some other anonymous figure was funding the protest encampments by buying the same brand of tents for many protesters. In fact, the similar appearance of many encampment tents was due to online retailers' discounts and promotions of particular products.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> In fall 2024, chants such as "Divest!" and "Ceasefire now!" reportedly evolved in a direction more explicitly endorsing Hamas, Hezbollah, and Houthis. Some protesters used slogans such as "Glory to the resistance!", called the October 7 attacks "Al-Aqsa flood", celebrated <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a>, and used the Hamas inverted red triangle. Aidan Herzlinger, vice president of <a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch College</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hillel_International" title="Hillel International">Hillel chapter</a>, said students attending a Hillel banquet at the college were called "baby killers" and "terrorists".<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-191">[188]</a> Columbia University Apartheid Divest withdrew the apology it made in spring 2024 for a member who said "Zionists don’t deserve to live."<a href="#cite_note-v9623-192">[189]</a> In November 2024, hundreds of posters depicting faculty members as "wanted" were spread across the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a> campus. Some of the posters accused a Jewish faculty member of ethnic cleansing and contributing to the displacement of Palestinians; others accused a faculty member of racism, hate speech, and intimidation. University President Sarah Mangelsdorf called the incident an act of antisemitism.<a href="#cite_note-k874-193">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_anti-Palestinianism_and_Islamophobia">Allegations of anti-Palestinianism and Islamophobia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation#Allegations_of_anti-Palestinianism_and_Islamophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation">2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation § Allegations of anti-Palestinianism and Islamophobia</a></div> Pro-Palestinian protesters and their allies have criticized the disposition of many university administrations as perpetuating a "<a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exception" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Exception">Palestine exception</a>" to academic freedom.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> Pro-Palestinian students and their allies have raised concerns about <a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">anti-Palestinianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a>. Investigations by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a> have been opened at Columbia, Emory University, the University of North Carolina, and at Umass Amherst over their administrations' response to student protests and advocacy since the start of the war.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence">Violence</h3></div> A study by the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Conflict_Location_and_Event_Data_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project">Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project</a> (ACLED) found that 97% of protests were nonviolent and nearly half of those that became violent involved protesters fighting with law enforcement during police interventions.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianPeaceful-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Doyle-2024-200">[197]</a> According to officials at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>, a security guard was injured when protesters broke into an administrative building, resulting in the expulsion of the three students leading the charge; video footage showed students forcibly entering the building and pushing past a guard into a door frame, injuring them. The guard was out of work for two weeks as a result of injuries. The students denied using violence, calling their protest peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vandalism_and_property_damage">Vandalism and property damage</h3></div> At Portland State, protesters damaged computers and furniture during their occupation of the campus library. At Columbia, protesters shattered windows during their occupation of Hamilton Hall.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianPeaceful-61">[60]</a> Police and city workers destroyed students' tents, flags and other encampment supplies while disbanding the <a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Pennsylvania_pro-Palestine_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 University of Pennsylvania pro-Palestine campus occupation">encampment at the University of Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> At <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, protesters defaced a statue of its namesake, President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>. The statue was wrapped with Palestinian scarves and flags, with the words "Genocidal Warmonger University" spray-painted on its base.<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> Students replaced U.S. flags with Palestinian flags on flagpoles at several universities.<a href="#cite_note-Bogel-Burroughs-2024-208">[205]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a>, student demonstrators affixed three Palestinian flags atop the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Harvard" title="Statue of John Harvard">John Harvard statue</a> on April 27.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> The replacement of U.S. flags sparked outrage from some officials, such as New York Mayor Eric Adams.<a href="#cite_note-Bogel-Burroughs-2024-208">[205]</a> In response, university administrations and law enforcement agencies have intervened to take down the Palestinian flags and reinstate U.S. flags to their original positions.<a href="#cite_note-Bogel-Burroughs-2024-208">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_response">Administrative response</h3></div> Most universities facing encampment protests in the spring attempted to negotiate a settlement and disbandment of the encampments with student leaders, often threatening police sweeps to force an agreement. In some cases, the end of the school year allowed administrators to reverse course on agreements they had negotiated, such as at the University of Oregon, Northwestern, and Rutgers New Brunswick.<a href="#cite_note-:18-146">[144]</a> Many universities initially initiated disciplinary proceedings against protesters, accusing them of breaking student codes of conduct.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> Students at NYU were required to write "coerced confessions of wrongdoing" in order to have disciplinary charges against them dropped.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> Graduate student Dan Zeno was among more than 20 students MIT suspended for participating in pro-Palestinian protests. He was evicted from campus housing along with his wife and daughter. Some students who faced suspensions were banned from campus and therefore unable to take their final exams.<a href="#cite_note-:5-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/UC_Santa_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Santa Cruz">UC Santa Cruz</a> officials issued two-week campus bans to many of the 110 protesters arrested during a campus demonstration in May, leaving them without housing and access to campus resources.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> The City College of New York shut down its community food pantry in response to protests.<a href="#cite_note-:19-214">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> In Greece, nine protesters from European countries who were arrested at the <a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Athens University Law School</a> are facing deportation as of May 27.<a href="#cite_note-:6-216">[213]</a><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uclaspeechban.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Uclaspeechban.png/211px-Uclaspeechban.png" decoding="async" width="211" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Uclaspeechban.png/317px-Uclaspeechban.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Uclaspeechban.png/422px-Uclaspeechban.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>A map of UCLA campus showing updated restrictions on free expression</figcaption></figure> As students returned to campus in fall 2024 after a wave of protests in the spring, many universities strengthened their restrictions on student protests and political activities, including limits on where and when protests could occur, and prohibitions on student encampments.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> More than 100 colleges and university systems tightened their rules about protests on their property.<a href="#cite_note-:18-146">[144]</a> Several schools have banned camping on their grounds, required protesters to register with the administration in advance of any demonstrations, and banned the wearing of masks.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> Cornell professor Risa Lieberwitz called the nationwide trend toward increased restrictions on campus protests "a resurgence of repression on campuses that we haven't seen since the late 1960s".<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a> limited permitted demonstrations to two hours during the daytime in a single location.<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Studies_Association" title="Middle East Studies Association">Middle East Studies Association</a> said that although it was not compelled by a subpoena to do so, the University of Pennsylvania had turned over the CVs and syllabi of two professors to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Education_and_the_Workforce" title="United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce">House Committee on Education and the Workforce</a> and may also have given the committee access to their email and course communications.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> Harvard updated its policy to prohibit overnight camping, chalk, and unapproved signs or displays.<a href="#cite_note-:17-222">[219]</a> Indiana University updated its policies on August 1, prohibiting all "expressive activity" between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. The ACLU sued IU over this policy, calling it "overly broad".<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> NYU updated its nondiscrimination policy to prohibit criticism of Zionism, classifying it as a protected category.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> Columbia classified the use of the term "Zionist" to refer to Israelis or Jews as a form of harassment.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore College</a> in Pennsylvania, students who used bullhorns during their protest faced expulsion from the university due to a new policy against "loud chanting".<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> In August 2024, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> updated its policy to require protests, rallies, and other expressive events of more than 25 people to register the participants' names with the university in advance.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> Columbia suspended its due-process procedures for student discipline, notifying several dozen students charged with disciplinary infractions that scheduled interviews related to their cases were being skipped and they would be fast-tracked into conduct hearings. This came after renewed congressional pressure and a subpoena on university records related to the protests.<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> UCLA introduced new regulations on campus protests that restrict "public expression activities" to areas around Bruinwalk and outside Murphy Hall. The new restrictions also ban tents and camping equipment, food distribution, amplified sound, and chalk, and require people on campus to identify themselves when asked to do so by a university official.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> Ahead of the fall semester, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a> systems instituted broad new policies prohibiting encampments, barricades, overnight encampments, disguises, disruptions and restrictions on free movement.<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> In September 2024, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>'s chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine sued the school after an interim suspension of the group continued into its fifth month.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> At Cornell, a graduate student with U.K. citizenship was suspended without due process and threatened with deportation for participating in a demonstration outside Statler Hotel where a job fair that included recruiters from weapons manufacturing companies was being held.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Muhlenberg_College" title="Muhlenberg College">Muhlenberg College</a>, Maura Finkelstein became the first tenured professor to be fired over pro-Palestinian speech. Finkelstein, who is Jewish, shared an Instagram post by Palestinian poet <a href="/wiki/Remi_Kanazi" title="Remi Kanazi">Remi Kanazi</a> critical of Zionism and its adherents.<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> In October 2024, The University of Michigan's governing board coordinated with Michigan Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Dana_Nessel" title="Dana Nessel">Dana Nessel</a> to file charges against pro-Palestinian protesters after local prosecutors proved unwilling to crack down. Campaign contributions and business relationships between Nessel and University of Michigan regents raised concerns over conflicts of interest in the prosecutions, as did contributions by pro-Israel lobbyists to Nessel's election campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hillel_International" title="Hillel International">Hillel Foundation</a> announced a partnership at over 50 campuses with the <a href="/wiki/Secure_Community_Network" title="Secure Community Network">Secure Community Network</a> called Operation Secure our Campuses, offering "full-time intelligence analysts [to] monitor campus developments and provide information and real-time support."<a href="#cite_note-:17-222">[219]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, patrol teams with Magen Herut Canada monitored a pro-Palestinian protest.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a>, the Women's Center was notified that it would be required to adopt a policy of "broad neutrality" after the Center was forced to indefinitely postpone an event titled "Pinkwashing and Feminism(s) in Gaza" due to fear of administrative disciplinary action.<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a> At <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>, law school dean <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chemerinsky" title="Erwin Chemerinsky">Erwin Chemerinsky</a> wrote an opinion piece comparing antiwar protesters to the KKK. The board of the Berkeley Journal of Black Law & Policy condemned Chemerinsky's comparison, calling it "careless and intentionally inflammatory".<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_response">Police response</h3></div> A number of influential business leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lubetzky" title="Daniel Lubetzky">Daniel Lubetzky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Loeb" title="Daniel S. Loeb">Daniel Loeb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Len_Blavatnik" title="Len Blavatnik">Len Blavatnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sitt" title="Joseph Sitt">Joseph Sitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Schultz" title="Howard Schultz">Howard Schultz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Ackman" title="Bill Ackman">Bill Ackman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Kushner" title="Joshua Kushner">Joshua Kushner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Deutch" title="Ted Deutch">Ted Deutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yakir_Gabay" title="Yakir Gabay">Yakir Gabay</a> coordinated an effort in a <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> group chat to urge Mayor Adams to crack down on the encampment at Columbia. They offered to pay for private investigators to assist police, and made donations to Adams's 2025 campaign.<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> Police departments employed a range of tactics, including dispersing crowds using horses and police in <a href="/wiki/Riot_gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Riot gear">riot gear</a>, deploying <a href="/wiki/Pepper_balls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepper balls">pepper balls</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Andone-2024-31">[31]</a> using tasers,<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-2024a-239">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-240">[237]</a> mass arrests,<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> tear gas,<a href="#cite_note-:1-240">[237]</a> clearing unauthorized encampments,<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-2024a-239">[236]</a> and beating both students and professors.<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a> According to student newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Lantern" title="The Lantern">The Lantern</a>, state troopers with "long-range firearms" were deployed at <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lantern-2024-243">[240]</a> Police "assaulted, arrested and barred access" for some journalists while they were covering the protests.<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> Police used force when arresting faculty who were taking part in or observing the protests, including the former chair of Dartmouth College's Jewish studies department, who was slammed to the ground while "in a line of women faculty in their 60s to 80s trying to protect our students", and two members of the faculty at Emory University, one of whom was charged with battery after being "violently arrested" on video.<a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> On June 10, UCLA police severely wounded a student with a non-lethal projectile, giving him a heart contusion and a bruised lung. In September, UCLA police sought approval to double their stockpile of <a href="/wiki/Pepper-spray_projectile" title="Pepper-spray projectile">pepper balls</a> and sponge rounds and obtain eight new projectile launchers and three drones.<a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a> In October, Penn Police raided the off-campus home of pro-Palestinian student protesters, saying they were executing a search warrant related to vandalism. Student organizers said rifles and handguns were pointed at them during the raid, and that police refused to tell them their badge numbers or show their warrant.<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a> According to Erik Baker, the most severe crackdowns on campus protests took place at "wealthy schools ... that have been in long-running and occasionally violent conflict with the working-class communities of color that border them", such as the University of Chicago, Washington University in St. Louis, The University of Southern California, and Columbia.<a href="#cite_note-:19-214">[211]</a> A report by <a href="/wiki/Armed_Conflict_Location_and_Event_Data_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project">Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project</a> found that police interventions at U.S. student protests linked to conflict issues surged fourfold in April. Authorities notably increased arrests and forcible dispersals, especially at protests where there were counter-demonstrators. Nonetheless, at events where student protesters were unchallenged, the police were more likely to act against pro-Palestine rallies, doing so over four times more often than against pro-Israel ones.<a href="#cite_note-Doyle-2024-200">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuardianPeaceful-61">[60]</a> Police repression of protesters, particularly in the U.S., has been characterized as unusually harsh.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a> The New York Times reported that though more than 3,000 student protesters had been arrested across the U.S., most charges were dropped.<a href="#cite_note-:15-251">[248]</a> The vast majority of the charges had been misdemeanors or lower offenses.<a href="#cite_note-:16-252">[249]</a> Prosecutors usually either decided to prioritize other cases or calculated that jurors would be receptive to <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> arguments.<a href="#cite_note-:15-251">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-252">[249]</a> Students who had charges dropped often still face significant academic consequences, such as suspension or withheld diplomas.<a href="#cite_note-:15-251">[248]</a> Some Jewish groups have criticized dropping charges.<a href="#cite_note-:15-251">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-252">[249]</a> Schools with hundreds of arrests still often had students still waiting for cases to resolve.<a href="#cite_note-:16-252">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence_and_incitement_against_protesters">Violence and incitement against protesters</h3></div> Students and student journalists also faced violence at the hands of counter-protesters.<a href="#cite_note-:2-253">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-254">[251]</a> One protester at Columbia was arrested and hospitalized after a counter-protester rammed his car into a group of picketers.<a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> Counter-protesters at the University of Pennsylvania approached the encampment with knives, and in a separate incident sprayed a chemical mixture on protesters' tents, food and belongings.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Tom Cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> called for a deployment of the National Guard to college campuses,<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> which some have characterized as alluding to past instances of violence against students like the <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_shootings" title="Kent State shootings">Kent State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_killings" title="Jackson State killings">Jackson State killings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pro-Israeli_attack_at_UCLA">Pro-Israeli attack at UCLA</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royce_picture.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royce_picture.png/220px-Royce_picture.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royce_picture.png/330px-Royce_picture.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royce_picture.png/440px-Royce_picture.png 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation">UCLA campus occupation</a> on April 30, the day it was attacked by pro-Israeli counter-protesters</figcaption></figure> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation#Counter-protester_attack" title="2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation">2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation § Counter-protester attack</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation&action=edit#Counter-protester_attack">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> On May 1, around 10:50 PM, a pro-Israeli group attacked the pro-Palestinian protesters' camp for nearly four hours, attempting to breach the barricades surrounding the encampment.<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation_Ramirez-262">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation_:0-263">[260]</a> The attackers, reported to have come from outside campus,<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> carried Israeli flags and assaulted students with sticks, stones, poles, metal fencing, and pepper spray.<a href="#cite_note-2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation_Swanson-265">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation_aljazeera-clashes-266">[263]</a> They played loud audio of a child crying, threw wood and a metal barrier into the camp, and threw at least six <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a> into the encampment, including one directly at a group of protesters carrying injured people.<a href="#cite_note-2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation_:0-263">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation_LA-Times-2024-268">[265]</a> A video investigation suggested pro-Palestinian protesters did not initiate any confrontation but acted in defense.<a href="#cite_note-2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation_:0-263">[260]</a> The counter-protesters called for a "Second Nakba", referring to the <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">ethnic cleansing of Palestinians</a> in 1948, and played the Israeli national anthem and <a href="/wiki/Harbu_Darbu" title="Harbu Darbu">Harbu Darbu</a> on loudspeakers during the attack.<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation_:0-263">[260]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, counter-protesters included several <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> activists involved in <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights opposition">anti-LGBTQ+</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">anti-vaccine</a> campaigning.<a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Review" title="Boston Review">Boston Review</a> reported that Zionist counter-protestors joined forces with <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazis</a>, and that "One neo-Nazi was heard shouting, 'we’re here to finish what Hitler started,' without any apparent protest from the self-identified Zionists."<a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polls_and_referenda">Opinion polls and referenda</h2></div> In a November 2023 referendum, 78% of McGill students voted to adopt a divestment policy titled Policy Against Genocide in Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a> A May 2024 divestment referendum at DePaul University returned a 91% vote in favor of divestment.<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a> In April 2024, Columbia College voted on three divestment questions. The first asked whether Columbia should divest from Israel, the second asked whether it should cancel the Tel Aviv Global Center program, and the third asked whether Columbia should end its dual degree program with Tel Aviv University. The motions passed by 76%, 68%, and 65%, respectively, with 40% voter participation.<a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a> Students at the University of Pennsylvania voted 73% in favor of disclosing all investments in the school's endowment and 63% in favor of ending the university's relationship with Ghost Robotics, with 22% voter participation.<a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> poll released on May 3, 2024, 47% of Americans oppose the campus protests and 28% support them. American Muslims support the protests by 75% to 14% while Jewish Americans oppose them by 72% to 18%. Adults under 45 are more likely to support them than older adults. 33% believed the response to the protests was not harsh enough, 16% believed it was too harsh, and 20% believed the response was about right. 48% of Americans over 45 believed the response was not harsh enough, compared to only 16% under 45.<a href="#cite_note-Orth-2024-62">[61]</a> According to an <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a> poll released on May 7, 2024, 8% of college students have participated in the protests. 34% blame Hamas, 19% blame Netanyahu, 12% blame the Israeli people, and 12% blame Biden for the destruction in Gaza. 81% of students supported holding protesters accountable for destroyed property and illegally occupied buildings, 67% considered occupying campus buildings unacceptable, 58% considered refusal to disperse unacceptable, and 90% opposed blocking pro-Israel students. Students were more likely to support the pro-Palestinian encampments, with 45% supporting them strongly or moderately, 30% neutral, and 24% strongly or mildly opposed. Among those who participated in anti-Israeli protests, 58% said they would not be friends with someone who had marched for Israel, while 64% of students who marched in favor of Israel said they would still be friends with anti-Israeli protesters.<a href="#cite_note-Habeshian-2024-60">[59]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/Data_for_Progress" title="Data for Progress">Data for Progress</a> poll in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Zeteo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeteo">Zeteo</a> released on May 8, 2024, 55% of Democrats, 36% of Republicans, and 46% of all likely voters said they disapprove of colleges limiting students' rights and ability to protest Israel's military operations, whereas 32% of Democrats, 49% of Republicans, and 40% of all likely voters approved of doing so.<a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-63">[62]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, 19% of respondents supported the protesters and 48% of respondents opposed the protests.<a href="#cite_note-280">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight_(Australian_universities)" title="Group of Eight (Australian universities)">Group of Eight</a>, of which the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">ANU</a> are part, has sought legal advice on using terms such as "<a href="/wiki/Intifada" title="Intifada">intifada</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/From_the_river_to_the_sea" title="From the river to the sea">from the river to the sea</a>", and has said it would ban those phrases if given definitive legal advice that they are unlawful. It said such phrases are "deeply offensive to many in the Jewish community". It sent a letter to <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Australia">Attorney-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Dreyfus" title="Mark Dreyfus">Mark Dreyfus</a> asking for legal advice on whether these phrases violate Commonwealth law.<a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a> Dreyfus wrote back that he does not give legal advice, noting the universities were taking external legal advice. He added that <a href="/wiki/Section_18C_of_the_Racial_Discrimination_Act_1975" title="Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975">Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975</a> "makes it a civil offence to do a public act that is reasonably likely to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate people because of their race, colour or national or ethnic origins. A person aggrieved by an alleged act of racial discrimination can make a complaint to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Australian Human Rights Commission">Australian Human Rights Commission</a>". <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">Sydney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash</a> urged students not to use the phrases, but stopped short of banning them.<a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Police" title="Victoria Police">Victoria Police</a> Chief Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Shane_Patton" title="Shane Patton">Shane Patton</a> has raised concerns that protests could become violent, like they have in the US. He said he is meeting with university security. He said the police do not want the "existing tension" and that universities must consider "how much more risk they're accepting by allowing these encampments to continue".<a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a> Deputy Commissioner Neil Paterson wrote to the vice chancellors of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash</a>, <a href="/wiki/RMIT_University" class="mw-redirect" title="RMIT University">RMIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deakin_University" title="Deakin University">Deakin</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Trobe_University" title="La Trobe University">La Trobe</a>, asking them to "carefully consider the risks" of allowing the encampments to continue. Organizers downplayed the risk of violence or escalation, saying the campuses are safe and that the encampments are a peaceful protest for the Palestinian people.<a href="#cite_note-Cassidy-2024a-284">[281]</a> Universities have resisted the calls for the police to end to the protests, with the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight_(Australian_universities)" title="Group of Eight (Australian universities)">Group of Eight</a> saying the encampments are held on public land and that police are free to enter at any time, with the universities having acted appropriately to breaches of the law, saying they are "in the business of de-escalation" and not wanting to see violence erupt, as it has in the US.<a href="#cite_note-Cassidy-2024a-284">[281]</a> Police are being called "daily" to protests, with incidents of harassment and violence being investigated at Monash and Deakin.<a href="#cite_note-Vedelago-2024-285">[282]</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> has taken a neutral stance on the protests, saying he is worried about social cohesion. Albanese has criticized usage of the phrase "from the river to the sea", calling it "provocative" and agreeing when asked whether it is a "very violent statement".<a href="#cite_note-286">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcus-2024-69">[68]</a> Education Minister <a href="/wiki/Jason_Clare" title="Jason Clare">Jason Clare</a> has expressed concern about students feeling unsafe, saying, "I want more people to go to university, not less". He said that whilst there will always be protests in a democracy, there is no place for bigotry, including antisemitism and Islamophobia.<a href="#cite_note-287">[284]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Greens</a> have expressed support for the protests. On May 2, <a href="/wiki/The_Greens_NSW" title="The Greens NSW">The Greens NSW</a> issued a statement expressing solidarity with the encampment at the University of Sydney calling for the government to increase pressure on Israel to achieve a permanent ceasefire and calling for universities to cut ties with Israeli universities and weapons manufacturers supplying Israel.<a href="#cite_note-288">[285]</a> After the first attack on the Monash camp, the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Greens" title="Victorian Greens">Victorian Greens</a> issued a statement that universities and police must better protect protesters.<a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a> Greens MPs have attended pro-Palestine protests since the start of the war.<a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dutton" title="Peter Dutton">Peter Dutton</a> has been sharply critical of the protests, calling universities that are allowing them to continue "weak". He said Prime Minister Albanese "needs to stand up and show some backbone here and call for an end to these nonsense protests".<a href="#cite_note-291">[288]</a> Other Coalition members have been similarly critical, with education spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Henderson" title="Sarah Henderson">Sarah Henderson</a> and senior frontbencher <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sukkar" title="Michael Sukkar">Michael Sukkar</a> saying the protests should be forcibly broken up. Henderson said universities should be fined if they do not do so. She has called for a Senate enquiry into antisemitism at universities.<a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-The-Chronicle-2024-293">[290]</a> On May 9, Dutton compared the protesters chants of "from the river to the sea" to "what Hitler chanted in the '30s", in response to Education Minister <a href="/wiki/Jason_Clare" title="Jason Clare">Jason Clare</a> saying the chants of "from the river to the sea" and "intifada" mean "different things to different people". A Jewish group formed after the start of the war, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Council_of_Australia" title="Jewish Council of Australia">Jewish Council of Australia</a>, set up in opposition to other peak Jewish bodies in Australia such as the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Australian_Jewry" title="Executive Council of Australian Jewry">Executive Council of Australian Jewry</a> with regards to support of Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Weaponization_of_antisemitism" title="Weaponization of antisemitism">weaponization of antisemitism</a>, said Dutton's interpretations were "a very bad-faith reading" of the chants.<a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands#Response" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the Netherlands">2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the Netherlands § Response</a></div><div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands#Political_response" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the Netherlands">2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the Netherlands § Political response</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> The protests were condemned by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a>,<a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> as well as by various other high-ranking Dutch politicians.<a href="#cite_note-297">[294]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%ABlle_Paul" title="Mariëlle Paul">Mariëlle Paul</a>, the Dutch Minister for Primary and Secondary Education, suggested several times that it is "very questionable" whether the "rioters are actually students".<a href="#cite_note-298">[295]</a> An "emergency debate" was called on 10 May by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Amsterdam" title="Government of Amsterdam">Government of Amsterdam</a> in response to the police intervention earlier during the first protest on 6 May. Despite criticism, mayor <a href="/wiki/Femke_Halsema" title="Femke Halsema">Femke Halsema</a> stood by her decision to let police intervene during the demonstration.<a href="#cite_note-299">[296]</a> Around 250 protestors demonstrated during the meeting outside the <a href="/wiki/Stopera" title="Stopera">Stopera</a>, where the meeting was held, dubbing this the "fifth day of student protests".<a href="#cite_note-2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands_Het-Parool-20242-300">[297]</a> On 11 May, the "sixth day of protests",<a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a> a pro-Palestine protest in Amsterdam attracted over 10,000 people. Many demonstrators denounced the police action earlier that week. Some protesters also called for Halsema to resign.<a href="#cite_note-2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands_Van-Erven-2024-302">[299]</a> On May 30, Halsema participated in a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Room_for_Discussion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Room for Discussion (page does not exist)">Room for Discussion</a> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_for_Discussion" class="extiw" title="nl:Room for Discussion">nl</a>] event, where she spoke with students of the University of Amsterdam, and where she again stood by her decisions. The response from participating students was predominantly negative.<a href="#cite_note-303">[300]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Student_Union" title="Dutch Student Union">Dutch Student Union</a> declared its solidarity with the student movement, and was critical regarding the treatment of student protesters by police. The union also pointed out the lack of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">student democracy</a> and student representation in universities, which they deemed an underlying problem and a cause of the protests.<a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a> The Dutch Student Union also published a joint statement with the Amsterdam Student Union (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASVA_Student_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASVA Student Union (page does not exist)">ASVA Studentenvakbond</a> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASVA_Studentenvakbond" class="extiw" title="nl:ASVA Studentenvakbond">nl</a>]) specifically condemning police intervention during the protests in Amsterdam.<a href="#cite_note-305">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> was also critical of the police intervention during the first protests at the University of Amsterdam. According to the organisation, police failed to take opportunities for <a href="/wiki/De-escalation" title="De-escalation">de-escalation</a> at a number of crucial moments. Insufficient distinction was made between peaceful demonstrators and people who used violence. Amnesty International was also critical of the attitudes towards protests in the current political climate.<a href="#cite_note-306">[303]</a> The student branch of Amnesty International Utrecht held a solidarity event on May 10.<a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a> The police interventions during the protests at Utrecht University, which included moving protesters to different locations on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Prosecution_Service_(Netherlands)" title="Public Prosecution Service (Netherlands)">Public Prosecution Service</a>, were called unlawful by experts in the field of criminal law, including professors and lawyers.<a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United Kingdom">Israel–Hamas war protests in the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_day_of_the_Oxford_Palestine_solidarity_encampment_(6_May_2024)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/First_day_of_the_Oxford_Palestine_solidarity_encampment_%286_May_2024%29_01.jpg/220px-First_day_of_the_Oxford_Palestine_solidarity_encampment_%286_May_2024%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/First_day_of_the_Oxford_Palestine_solidarity_encampment_%286_May_2024%29_01.jpg/330px-First_day_of_the_Oxford_Palestine_solidarity_encampment_%286_May_2024%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/First_day_of_the_Oxford_Palestine_solidarity_encampment_%286_May_2024%29_01.jpg/440px-First_day_of_the_Oxford_Palestine_solidarity_encampment_%286_May_2024%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of first Oxford Palestinian solidarity encampment, front lawn of <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Oxford University Museum of Natural History">Oxford University Museum of Natural History</a></figcaption></figure> With encampments taking place at institutions and concern over what the president of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Jewish_Students" title="Union of Jewish Students">Union of Jewish Students</a> described as rising antisemitism on campuses, UK Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> held a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Vice_chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice chancellor">vice chancellors</a> of higher education institutions.<a href="#cite_note-Adams-2024-70">[69]</a> In response, academics accused Sunak of "scaremongering". According to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, "Vice-chancellors insist they have no desire to quell challenge or stop difficult discussions on their campuses, arguing that this is part of the core purpose of a university". Vice-chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">University of the West of England</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_West_(podiatrist)" title="Steve West (podiatrist)">Steve West</a> said there "was no evidence" that UK protests were "getting out of hand" and called on the government to avoid inflaming the situation.<a href="#cite_note-Fazackerley-2024-309">[306]</a> The president of advocacy group <a href="/wiki/Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a>, Dame <a href="/wiki/Sally_Mapstone" title="Sally Mapstone">Sally Mapstone</a>, said universities "may need to take action" but that there "should be no presumption universities would clear protest encampments".<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that authorities took a more "permissive approach" to protests on campuses, with an emphasis on facilitating free speech, and that British polling indicates that a majority supports a ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-Castle-2024-52">[51]</a> Many academics have supported students' demands and expressed solidarity with the protests. Hundreds of university employees, including 300 at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a><a href="#cite_note-Castle-2024-52">[51]</a> and staff at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> universities, signed open letters in support of the encampments and accusing their institutions of complicity in the Israeli attacks.<a href="#cite_note-Fazackerley-2024-309">[306]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham University</a>, over 200 university staff signed an open letter in support of the protest there on <a href="/wiki/Palace_Green" title="Palace Green">Palace Green</a> and called on the university to negotiate with the protestors.<a href="#cite_note-:10-53">[52]</a> At <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds University</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Universities_and_Colleges_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities and Colleges Union">Universities and Colleges Union</a> that represents academic and professional staff called for "teach outs" to be held at the encampment.<a href="#cite_note-Fazackerley-2024-309">[306]</a> Twelve Jewish staff members at Oxford wrote an open letter disputing the university's claim that the encampment was intimidating to Jewish staff and students and saying that the university had ignored Jewish people who supported the encampment.<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_University_Palestinian_graduation_die-in_protest,_18_May_2024_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Oxford_University_Palestinian_graduation_die-in_protest%2C_18_May_2024_22.jpg/220px-Oxford_University_Palestinian_graduation_die-in_protest%2C_18_May_2024_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Oxford_University_Palestinian_graduation_die-in_protest%2C_18_May_2024_22.jpg/330px-Oxford_University_Palestinian_graduation_die-in_protest%2C_18_May_2024_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Oxford_University_Palestinian_graduation_die-in_protest%2C_18_May_2024_22.jpg/440px-Oxford_University_Palestinian_graduation_die-in_protest%2C_18_May_2024_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Die-in" title="Die-in">die-in</a> demonstration at the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> during an <a href="/wiki/Oxford_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford university">Oxford university</a> graduation ceremony, May 2024</figcaption></figure> Durham University was accused of failing to support free speech after a debate at the <a href="/wiki/Durham_Union" title="Durham Union">Durham Union</a> on the topic "This house believes that the Palestinian leadership is the biggest barrier to peace" was postponed on police advice of a threat to public safety, with pro-Palestinian protesters blocking the entrance to the building. One of the scheduled speakers in favor of the motion said the university had refused to give police permission to take action against the protesters, while another said the university had "cav[ed] in to a fascist mob".<a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a> The Durham student paper <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_(newspaper)" title="Palatinate (newspaper)">Palatinate</a> noted that "even this protest remained remarkably peaceful".<a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a> After protesters set up an encampment at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham University</a>, the university ordered them to leave the premises on May 14, describing the occupation as trespassing.<a href="#cite_note-Perrin-2024-314">[311]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>, this was the first time one of the 20 student encampments in the UK had been ordered to disperse.<a href="#cite_note-Tait-2024-25">[25]</a> Protesters said they were "threatened with police action".<a href="#cite_note-Perrin-2024-314">[311]</a> Birmingham University began legal action to remove the encampment on June 11.<a href="#cite_note-315">[312]</a> The encampment within the Marshall Building at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> was evicted on June 17 following a court order on June 14, making it the first UK encampment to be removed following legal action.<a href="#cite_note-316">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary University of London</a> also began court action against its encampment.<a href="#cite_note-THE-318">[315]</a> Elsewhere, encampments disbanded voluntarily at <a href="/wiki/Swansea_University" title="Swansea University">Swansea</a> in early June, citing "significant wins" including divestment from <a href="/wiki/Barclays_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclays Bank">Barclays Bank</a>,<a href="#cite_note-THE-318">[315]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College</a> on June 20,<a href="#cite_note-319">[316]</a> and at Durham on June 21.<a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a> On June 23, Oxford University erected a fence around the encampment outside the <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> (one of two camps at the university), leading the protesters to abandon the camp on June 25, with some saying they had been denied access to toilets and bathrooms. The university dismantled the camp shortly afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-321">[318]</a> On July 7, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported that "Of the 36 encampments in England, Wales and Scotland at the end of May, around a dozen are still active", with the others having dispersed due to hostility from their institutions and waning enthusiasm following the end of the academic year. Those remaining included encampments at Birmingham, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">QMUL</a> and <a href="/wiki/SOAS" class="mw-redirect" title="SOAS">SOAS</a> in London, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a>, Oxford, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">Reading</a>, with many of these facing legal action or the threat of legal action.<a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a> On July 8, Oxford Action for Palestine announced that the second encampment, outside the <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Camera" title="Radcliffe Camera">Radcliffe Camera</a>, had been disbanded following threats of legal action from the university.<a href="#cite_note-323">[320]</a> On July 10, the universities of Birmingham and Nottingham won separate legal cases resulting in summary possession orders against the encampments established on their campuses.<a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a> The camp at QMUL was also removed following a court order on July 10.<a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a> The Reading encampment closed voluntarily on May 31 after being asked to leave by the university but without legal action being taken.<a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a> The Bristol encampment ended in mid-July after winning the first stage of a legal case brought by the university but unable to afford the legal fees necessary to continue their defense.<a href="#cite_note-327">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> was awarded a summary possession order on August 6 against the campus established in the quad of the <a href="/wiki/UCL_Main_Building" title="UCL Main Building">UCL Main Building</a> on May 2.<a href="#cite_note-328">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_States#Responses" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States">Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States § Responses</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024">List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Faculty_and_staff">Faculty and staff</h4></div> Rebecca Karl, a professor at NYU, stated that historically, "there have been a number of confrontations that have been dealt with by universities in ways that stress that we are not a violent institution... I'm personally very concerned".<a href="#cite_note-329">[326]</a> Wadie Said, a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">University of Colorado</a>, stated, "The First Amendment is the hallmark of freedom.. You see that being curtailed based on viewpoint discrimination, which is something not supposed to be allowed under the First Amendment".<a href="#cite_note-330">[327]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremi_Suri" title="Jeremi Suri">Jeremi Suri</a>, a UT Austin professor, stated, "I witnessed the police – the state police, the campus police, the city police – an army of police... stormed into the student crowd and started arresting students".<a href="#cite_note-331">[328]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jody_Armour" title="Jody Armour">Jody Armour</a>, a professor at USC, stated, "We need to stop allowing people to <a href="/wiki/Weaponization_of_antisemitism" title="Weaponization of antisemitism">weaponise anti-Semitism</a> against real, valid protests."<a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a> In reference to protesters, <a href="/wiki/John_McWhorter" title="John McWhorter">John McWhorter</a>, a Columbia professor, said, "I find it very hard to imagine that they are antisemitic", adding that there is "a fine line between questioning Israel's right to exist and questioning Jewish people's right to exist" but that "some of the rhetoric amid the protests crosses it."<a href="#cite_note-333">[330]</a> Randall Kuhn, a UCLA professor, stated, "I find it repugnant to sit by while Palestinian professors are being killed, while academic buildings are being bombed relentlessly."<a href="#cite_note-334">[331]</a> In September 2024, the Council of UC Faculty Associations filed an official complaint against the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> system, saying faculty were being targeted if they spoke out against the war in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-335">[332]</a> In October 2024, 25 professors at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> held a silent "study-in" protest at <a href="/wiki/Widener_Library" title="Widener Library">Widener Library</a>, leading to a two-week suspension from the library.<a href="#cite_note-336">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Organizations">Organizations</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Council_on_American%E2%80%93Islamic_Relations" title="Council on American–Islamic Relations">Council on American-Islamic Relations</a> executive director Afaf Nasher criticized the use of police force to break up the protests, stating it undermined academic freedom. Civil rights advocates such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> have raised free speech concerns over the mass arrests that were seen during the protests.<a href="#cite_note-337">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-Healey-2024-58">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volker_T%C3%BCrk" title="Volker Türk">Volker Türk</a>, described some of the responses from law enforcement as "disproportionate in their impacts"<a href="#cite_note-Iqbal-2024-59">[58]</a> and was "troubled" by how they were being dealt with.<a href="#cite_note-338">[335]</a> The UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guterres" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Guterres">Antonio Guterres</a> stated that while "hate speech is unacceptable," it is "essential in all circumstances to guarantee the freedom of expression and the freedom of peaceful demonstration."<a href="#cite_note-339">[336]</a> <a href="/wiki/Farida_Shaheed" title="Farida Shaheed">Farida Shaheed</a>, the U.N. special rapporteur on the right to education, said the increase in attacks on student protests represented "a concerning erosion of intellectual freedom and democratic principles within educational settings".<a href="#cite_note-340">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Leah_Whitson" title="Sarah Leah Whitson">Sarah Leah Whitson</a>, executive director of <a href="/wiki/Democracy_for_the_Arab_World_Now" title="Democracy for the Arab World Now">Democracy for the Arab World Now</a>, called the "violent dismantling of pro-Palestine encampments and arrests of student protesters a dangerous assault on our democracy".<a href="#cite_note-341">[338]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">labor unions</a> that previously supported a ceasefire in the Israel–Hamas war have expressed support for the protests, including the <a href="/wiki/Service_Employees_International_Union" title="Service Employees International Union">Service Employees International Union</a> (SEIU). The SEIU said it "proudly stands in solidarity with the students, faculty and staff exercising their right to speak up".<a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[50]</a> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Greenblatt" title="Jonathan Greenblatt">Jonathan Greenblatt</a> of the ADL said that protesters concealing their identities were dressed like "bank robbers" and had the effect of "intimidating their opponents, of menacing the other side."<a href="#cite_note-Fandos-2024-184">[181]</a> He also accused pro-Palestinian groups, including <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine" title="Students for Justice in Palestine">Students for Justice in Palestine</a>, of being "Iranian proxies".<a href="#cite_note-342">[339]</a> In October 2024, the <a href="/wiki/ACLU" class="mw-redirect" title="ACLU">ACLU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> wrote a joint statement warning that law enforcement on 20 U.S. college campuses had used potentially excessive force against pro-Palestinian protesters in violation of international law and calling for greater protections.<a href="#cite_note-343">[340]</a> A coalition of over 200 organizations published an open letter expressing support for the protests.<a href="#cite_note-344">[341]</a> Signatories include:<a href="#cite_note-345">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[343]</a> <a href="/wiki/JewBelong" title="JewBelong">JewBelong</a>, a political advocacy group known for celebrating <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>, posted billboards near <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a> that read, "Remember when college was for losing your virginity, not your mind?" and "Dear colleges, American kids are afraid. Do your job!"<a href="#cite_note-347">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[345]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/350.org" title="350.org">350.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Baptists" title="Alliance of Baptists">Alliance of Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptist Churches USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-Arab_Anti-Discrimination_Committee" title="American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee">American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_American_Institute" title="Arab American Institute">Arab American Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyt_Tikkun" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyt Tikkun">Beyt Tikkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Constitutional_Rights" title="Center for Constitutional Rights">Center for Constitutional Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_American%E2%80%93Islamic_Relations" title="Council on American–Islamic Relations">Council on American-Islamic Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_Defenders" title="Dream Defenders">Dream Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_for_the_Future" title="Fight for the Future">Fight for the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Coalition" title="Future Coalition">Future Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gen-Z_for_Change" title="Gen-Z for Change">Gen-Z for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_USA" title="Greenpeace USA">Greenpeace USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_Research_and_Education_Center" title="Highlander Research and Education Center">Highlander Research and Education Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindus_for_Human_Rights" title="Hindus for Human Rights">Hindus for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IfNotNow" title="IfNotNow">IfNotNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_American_Muslim_Council" title="Indian American Muslim Council">Indian American Muslim Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Policy_Studies" title="Institute for Policy Studies">Poverty Project at the Institute for Policy Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Society_of_North_America" title="Islamic Society of North America">Islamic Society of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_for_Racial_and_Economic_Justice" title="Jews for Racial and Economic Justice">Jews for Racial and Economic Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_Foreign_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Just Foreign Policy">Just Foreign Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondoweiss" title="Mondoweiss">Mondoweiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_American_Council" title="National Iranian American Council">National Iranian American Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lawyers_Guild" title="National Lawyers Guild">National Lawyers Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Students_of_Cooperation" title="North American Students of Cooperation">North American Students of Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Institute" title="Oakland Institute">Oakland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Legal" title="Palestine Legal">Palestine Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Action" title="Peace Action">Peace Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Action" title="People's Action">People’s Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA) Office of Public Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Peace_Fellowship" title="Presbyterian Peace Fellowship">Presbyterian Peace Fellowship</a></li> <li>Progressive Democrats of America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_South_(organization)" title="Project South (organization)">Project South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Accountability_Initiative" title="Public Accountability Initiative">Public Accountability Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Tide_North_America" title="Rising Tide North America">Rising Tide North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RootsAction" class="mw-redirect" title="RootsAction">RootsAction Education Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabeel_Ecumenical_Liberation_Theology_Center" title="Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center">Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Elizabeth" title="Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth">Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starr_King_School_for_the_Ministry" title="Starr King School for the Ministry">Starr King School for the Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Movement" title="Sunrise Movement">Sunrise Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_Institute" title="Transnational Institute">Transnational Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Service_Committee" title="Unitarian Universalist Service Committee">Unitarian Universalist Service Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Campaign_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="US Campaign for Palestinian Rights">US Campaign for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_for_Peace" title="Veterans for Peace">Veterans For Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Institute_for_Freedom_of_the_Press" title="Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press">Women’s Institute for Freedom of the Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Beyond_War" title="World Beyond War">World Beyond War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America Black Caucus</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political">Political</h4></div> On April 22, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> criticized and condemned the protests, calling them antisemitic and criticizing those who "don't understand what's going on with the Palestinians".<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2024a-29">[29]</a> Former President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> said that the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">2017 white supremacist rally</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia</a>, was "peanuts" compared to the ongoing protests.<a href="#cite_note-349">[346]</a> Speaking at Columbia on April 24, House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a> said, "Congress will not be silent as Jewish students are expected to run for their lives and stay home from their classes hiding in fear."<a href="#cite_note-Snyder-2024-350">[347]</a> Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> condemned "lawlessness" during the protests at Columbia, calling it "unacceptable when Jewish students are targeted for being Jewish, when protests exhibit verbal abuse, systematic intimidation or glorification of the murderous and hateful Hamas or the violence of Oct. 7."<a href="#cite_note-The_Hill-2024-351">[348]</a> Florida Governor <a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a> described the situation at Columbia and other campuses as "inmates run[ning] the asylum."<a href="#cite_note-Llanos-2024-352">[349]</a> Texas Governor <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> said that the protesters "belonged in jail" and continued to claim that the protests were "hate-filled, antisemitic protests" and that anyone engaging in them should be expelled.<a href="#cite_note-Paul-2024-122">[120]</a> Pennsylvania Governor <a href="/wiki/Josh_Shapiro" title="Josh Shapiro">Josh Shapiro</a> criticized colleges and universities that did not do enough to protect its students, which could lead to antisemitic incidents.<a href="#cite_note-Snyder-2024-350">[347]</a> Senate Republican leader <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> called the protests "a dangerous situation" and said, "there's also antisemitism, which is completely unacceptable".<a href="#cite_note-Thompson-2024-129">[127]</a> He accused the "student radicals" of supporting <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hill-2024-351">[348]</a> Multiple conservative politicians and commentators, including <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ira_Stoll" title="Ira Stoll">Ira Stoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Vincent" title="Isabel Vincent">Isabel Vincent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kari_Lake" title="Kari Lake">Kari Lake</a> spread the antisemitic conspiracy theory that <a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a> funded the protest movement.<a href="#cite_note-353">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[351]</a> After the mass arrests at UT on April 24, many voiced their disapproval over Abbott's handling of the decision and the police tactics. Texas Democrats claimed that Abbott's Department of Public Safety had "more courage to arrest peaceful student protesters than when an <a href="/wiki/Uvalde_school_shooting" title="Uvalde school shooting">active shooter entered an elementary school in Uvalde</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Bedigan-2024-55">[54]</a> U.S. representative <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a> also criticized the deployment of police against the <a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation">Columbia University protest</a>, calling it an "escalatory, reckless, and dangerous act".<a href="#cite_note-Murgatroyd-2024-355">[352]</a> <a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Farrah_Khan" title="Farrah Khan">Farrah Khan</a> said: “I am asking our law enforcement to stand down. I will not tolerate any violations to our students' rights to peacefully assemble and protest."<a href="#cite_note-Mossburg-2024-356">[353]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a> branch of the Democratic Party issued a statement denouncing the arrests of students at Virginia schools.<a href="#cite_note-Grim-2024-56">[55]</a> Virginia representatives <a href="/wiki/Rozia_Henson" title="Rozia Henson">Rozia Henson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_G._Cole" title="Joshua G. Cole">Joshua Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adele_McClure" title="Adele McClure">Adele McClure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadarius_Clark" title="Nadarius Clark">Nadarius Clark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Azlan_Salim" title="Saddam Azlan Salim">Saddam Salim</a> released a joint statement condemning the arrests of student protesters in Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-357">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[355]</a> After visiting the encampment at the University of Pennsylvania, <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney_of_Philadelphia" title="District Attorney of Philadelphia">Philadelphia District Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Krasner" title="Larry Krasner">Larry Krasner</a> said: “The First Amendment comes from here. This is Philadelphia. We don't have to do stupid like they did at Columbia.”<a href="#cite_note-359">[356]</a> California representative <a href="/wiki/Sara_Jacobs" title="Sara Jacobs">Sara Jacobs</a> wrote on X: "I'm deeply concerned that the response to peaceful protests at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">UCSD</a> is to call in riot police. A militarized response further escalates the situation and doesn't help keep students safe."<a href="#cite_note-360">[357]</a> Addressing students at the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> on April 26, imprisoned Black political activist <a href="/wiki/Mumia_Abu-Jamal" title="Mumia Abu-Jamal">Mumia Abu-Jamal</a> praised the protests, saying, "It is a wonderful thing that you have decided not to be silent and decided to speak out against the repression that you see with your own eyes", calling protesters "on the right side of history".<a href="#cite_note-361">[358]</a> <a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a>, the student wing of the Democratic Party, endorsed the protests and criticized Biden's response to them.<a href="#cite_note-Astor-2024-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grim-2024-56">[55]</a> Massachusetts State Representative <a href="/wiki/Mike_Connolly_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Mike Connolly (Massachusetts politician)">Mike Connolly</a> said: "I'm here really in solidarity with these protesters, and I'm hoping that the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> administration will honor free speech and will honor the tradition of dissents in this country, in particular dissents to war, which is what really calls us here today."<a href="#cite_note-362">[359]</a> On May 12, Trump said, "[Biden] is surrendering our college campuses to anarchists, jihadist freaks and anti-American extremists who are trying to tear down our American flag. ... If you come here from another country and try to bring jihadism or anti-Americanism or antisemitism to our campuses, we will immediately deport you. You'll be out of that school."<a href="#cite_note-363">[360]</a> On May 14, Trump told a room full of donors he would deport foreign student demonstrators. According to anonymous Trump donors, Trump said that protests were part of a "revolutionary movement" and that "if you get me reelected, we're going to set that movement back 25 or 30 years."<a href="#cite_note-364">[361]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislation">Legislation</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Duplication plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CFORK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CFORK">duplicates</a> the scope of other articles, specifically <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_States#Legislation" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States">Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States#Legislation</a>. Please <a href="/wiki/Talk:2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses#Undue_weight_tag_in_legislation_section" title="Talk:2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">discuss this issue</a> and help introduce a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summary style</a> to the section by replacing the section with a link and a summary or by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPLIT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPLIT">splitting the content</a> into a new article. (June 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> On April 23, the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">California State Senate</a> Judiciary Committee passed 2024 SB-1287 on a 10–0 vote, advancing it to the Senate Appropriations Committee.<a href="#cite_note-365">[362]</a> The bill would require the <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a> system and <a href="/wiki/California_Community_Colleges" title="California Community Colleges">California Community Colleges</a> system to enact policies that would prohibit violence, harassment, intimidation, and discrimination if they are "intended to and reasonably understood by the victims or hearers" to either "interfere with the free exercise of rights under the First Amendment or Section 2 of Article I of the California Constitution" or to "call for or support genocide". The bill would also restrict the right to assemble on campuses with "reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions, including advance authorization provisions, for public protests and demonstrations at institutions." The bill has received support exclusively from Jewish and Zionist organizations. It is opposed by the <a href="/wiki/ACLU" class="mw-redirect" title="ACLU">ACLU</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Davis School of Law">University of California, Davis School of Law</a>, which called the bill unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-SB1287-366">[363]</a> The "Antisemitism Awareness Act", spearheaded by the Republicans but also backed by many Democrats, passed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in a 320–91 vote on May 1, 2024, and proceeded to the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-367">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[365]</a> The bill is intended to address the recent perceived rise in antisemitism on campuses<a href="#cite_note-369">[366]</a> and uses the <a href="/wiki/International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance" title="International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance">International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance</a>'s approved <a href="/wiki/Working_definition_of_antisemitism" title="Working definition of antisemitism">working definition of antisemitism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Title_VI_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964">Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>, which prohibits "exclusion from participation in, denial of benefits of, and discrimination under federally assisted programs on ground of race, color, or national origin."<a href="#cite_note-370">[367]</a> Democratic Representative <a href="/wiki/Sara_Jacobs" title="Sara Jacobs">Sara Jacobs</a>, who is Jewish, said she opposed the bill because "it fails to effectively address the very real rise of antisemitism, all while defunding colleges and universities across the country and punishing many, if not all, of the nonviolent protesters speaking out against the Israeli military's conduct."<a href="#cite_note-371">[368]</a> The proposed legislation would broaden the legal definition of antisemitism to include <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel" title="Criticism of Israel">criticism of the policies of the state of Israel</a>, and concerns about Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, by categorizing all of that as hate speech, and it has been criticized for conflating "Judaism with Zionism in assuming that all Jews are Zionists" and automatic citizens of Israel rather than the U.S., thereby severely undermining genuine safety for Jewish citizens. It faces strong opposition from several Democratic lawmakers, Jewish organizations, and free speech advocates, including more than 800 Jewish U.S. academics, who signed a letter calling on Biden not to sign the bill. <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Ben-Ami" title="Jeremy Ben-Ami">Jeremy Ben-Ami</a>, president of the centrist pro-Israel group <a href="/wiki/J_Street" title="J Street">J Street</a>, said that his organization opposes the bill because it is an "unserious" effort led by Republicans "to continually force votes that divide the Democratic caucus on an issue that shouldn't be turned into a political football." The ACLU sees the bill as an attack on <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a> rights and argues that its "overbroad" definition of antisemitism "could result in colleges and universities suppressing a wide variety of speech critical of Israel or in support of Palestinian rights in an effort to avoid investigations by the Department [of Education] and the potential loss of funding." Organizations like the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_Major_American_Jewish_Organizations" title="Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations">Conference of Presidents</a> have praised the bill, and it is based on definitions by the <a href="/wiki/International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance" title="International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance">International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance</a> that have been criticized by 100 Israeli and international civil society organizations that wrote to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guterres" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Guterres">Antonio Guterres</a> in 2023 urging the UN not to adopt the definitions.<a href="#cite_note-372">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[372]</a> Three Republican members of the U.S. House introduced a bill that would require anyone convicted of unlawful activity on a college campus to perform community service in Gaza for six months. The bill was widely derided as a political stunt and is exceedingly unlikely to pass.<a href="#cite_note-ogles-376">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[375]</a> Legislators in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">Virginia House of Delegates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Senate" title="Virginia Senate">Virginia Senate</a> formed select committees to investigate how state colleges responded to the protests after over 125 people were arrested in the state.<a href="#cite_note-379">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[377]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lawsuits">Lawsuits</h4></div> On May 15, <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> (UAW)'s Harvard Graduate Student Union sued Harvard University, accusing it of surveillance and <a href="/wiki/Retaliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Retaliation">retaliation</a> against workplace-related <a href="/wiki/Collective_action" title="Collective action">collective action</a>, denying employees union representation in disciplinary hearings, and unfairly changing policies regarding access to campus to discourage protesters.<a href="#cite_note-381">[378]</a> In October 2024, a federal judge found that Texas Governor <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a>'s executive order on preventing antisemitism on campuses likely violated free speech protections.<a href="#cite_note-382">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests#Responses" title="Israel–Hamas war protests">Israel–Hamas war protests § Responses</a></div> Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> said the protests were "horrific" and antisemitic and must be quelled.<a href="#cite_note-Mpoke_Bigg-2024-68">[67]</a> Jewish U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> responded vehemently, accusing Netanyahu of distracting the American people from the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos-2024-383">[380]</a> and expressing support for the protests.<a href="#cite_note-Shen-2024-49">[48]</a> Many Israeli academics and civilians, alongside columnists in Israeli media such as <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>, expressed disdain for the protests, with one describing the general reaction as "seeing them as an attack on the country and not just its government".<a href="#cite_note-Burke-2024-384">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[383]</a> Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, Ontario Premier <a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Doug Ford</a>, and Quebec Premier <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Legault" title="François Legault">François Legault</a> criticized the protests.<a href="#cite_note-387">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[385]</a> After being invited to visit the Columbia protest, Palestinian photojournalist <a href="/wiki/Motaz_Azaiza" title="Motaz Azaiza">Motaz Azaiza</a> said his experience was great, that he appreciated students wanting to know more and educate themselves, and that it was an honor to raise awareness about the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-Mendez-2024-177">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bisan_Owda" title="Bisan Owda">Bisan Owda</a> said the protests made the Gazan populace feel "heard".<a href="#cite_note-389">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[387]</a> Displaced people in Gaza expressed gratitude to the student protesters, holding signs such as "Thank you, American universities".<a href="#cite_note-391">[388]</a> In response to the protests at Columbia, the spokesperson for India's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> said, "In every democracy, there has to be the right balance between freedom of expression, sense of responsibility and public safety and order... After all, we are all judged by what we do at home and not what we say abroad."<a href="#cite_note-392">[389]</a> Chinese <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state media</a> expressed support for the protests: the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a> wrote that American students are protesting because they "can no longer stand the double standards of the United States" and former editor-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a> <a href="/wiki/Hu_Xijin" title="Hu Xijin">Hu Xijin</a> said that the protests show that "Jewish political and business alliance's control over American public opinion has declined."<a href="#cite_note-393">[390]</a> According to Microsoft, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>-linked <a href="/wiki/Influence_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Influence operations">influence operations</a> online such as <a href="/wiki/Spamouflage" title="Spamouflage">Spamouflage</a> have used the protests to stoke outrage.<a href="#cite_note-394">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[392]</a> In Iran, former foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Javad_Zarif" title="Mohammad Javad Zarif">Mohammad Javad Zarif</a> criticized Saudi Arabia's and Jordan's reported consideration of normalizing relations with Israel, saying, "American student protesters being brutalised by US security forces have a much greater claim to protecting Palestinians than the Custodians of Holy Mosques".<a href="#cite_note-396">[393]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, the General Union of Students released a statement expressing "gratitude and admiration for the student movements at American universities, drawing inspiration from their remarkable history of war rejection, as witnessed during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>".<a href="#cite_note-397">[394]</a> After the three-day occupation at <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a> in Paris, Prime Minister of France <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Gabriel Attal</a> said he would "not tolerate the actions of a dangerously acting minority", calling the protests "an ideology coming from North America".<a href="#cite_note-398">[395]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem</a> Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Pierbattista_Pizzaballa" title="Pierbattista Pizzaballa">Pierbattista Pizzaballa</a> criticized the protesters' actions, saying, "universities are places where cultural engagement, even heated, even harsh, must be open 360 degrees, where engagement with strong ideas that are completely different, must be expressed not with violence, not with boycotts, but knowing how to engage".<a href="#cite_note-399">[396]</a> After arrests at the Athens Law School, Greek Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Kyriakos Mitsotakis</a> said that "authorities would not allow universities to become sites for protest over Israel's war on Gaza as has been seen in countries around the world".<a href="#cite_note-:6-216">[213]</a> In support of students' right to protest, <a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a> president <a href="/wiki/Patrizia_Nanz" title="Patrizia Nanz">Patrizia Nanz</a> accused universities of demanding a "<a href="/wiki/Safe_space" title="Safe space">safe space</a>" in order to "justify the repression of students' Gaza protests" and restrict their freedom of speech.<a href="#cite_note-400">[397]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanaa_University" title="Sanaa University">Sana'a University</a> in Yemen offered education to students suspended due to protests.<a href="#cite_note-401">[398]</a> Mohammad Moazzeni, the head of <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_University" title="Shiraz University">Shiraz University</a> in Iran, has offered scholarships to U.S. students expelled for participating in pro-Palestinian protests. This offer, reported by Press TV, extends to students and professors affected by the protests. Moazzeni suggested that other universities in Shiraz and <a href="/wiki/Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars Province">Fars Province</a> may also be prepared to support these students.<a href="#cite_note-402">[399]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] At the same time, the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Diaspora_Affairs_and_Combating_Antisemitism" title="Ministry of Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemitism">Ministry of Diaspora Affairs</a> launched a program aimed at helping Jewish students who feel unsafe at U.S. universities continue their education at Israeli universities.<a href="#cite_note-403">[400]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Ali_Khameini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Ali Khameini">Iranian leader Ayatollah Ali Khameini</a> has <a href="/wiki/Open_letter_to_American_students_by_Khamenei" class="mw-redirect" title="Open letter to American students by Khamenei">praised the protests on Twitter</a>, praising American students and suggesting they were "on the right side of history". He further described the protesting students as part of the "<a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">resistance front</a>" against Israel and encouraged them to "become familiar with the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>."<a href="#cite_note-:13-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[402]</a> Iran-based influence networks provided financial assistance, and posed as students, "to stoke student-organized protests", according to American intelligence assessments.<a href="#cite_note-v9623-192">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstratie_tegen_oorlog_in_Vietnam,_NATO_enz._in_Amsterdam,_Bestanddeelnr_921-2506.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Demonstratie_tegen_oorlog_in_Vietnam%2C_NATO_enz._in_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2506.jpg/220px-Demonstratie_tegen_oorlog_in_Vietnam%2C_NATO_enz._in_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2506.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Demonstratie_tegen_oorlog_in_Vietnam%2C_NATO_enz._in_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2506.jpg/330px-Demonstratie_tegen_oorlog_in_Vietnam%2C_NATO_enz._in_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2506.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Demonstratie_tegen_oorlog_in_Vietnam%2C_NATO_enz._in_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2506.jpg/440px-Demonstratie_tegen_oorlog_in_Vietnam%2C_NATO_enz._in_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2506.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="3621" /></a><figcaption>Demonstrations against the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in Amsterdam, 1968</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> called the protests "perhaps the most significant student movement since the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War#Students" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">anti-Vietnam campus protests of the late 1960s</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Helmore-2024-64">[63]</a> Protests at Columbia were compared to the <a href="/wiki/1968_Columbia_University_protests" title="1968 Columbia University protests">1968 protests</a> due to their scale and tactics,<a href="#cite_note-406">[403]</a> and as echoing the 1968 movement.<a href="#cite_note-407">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[405]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, protesters studied the 1968 movement. A Columbia undergraduate said that student organizers learned from the experiences of older generations, calling the movement "completely built" on the legacy of the 1968 protests.<a href="#cite_note-409">[406]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rudd" title="Mark Rudd">Mark Rudd</a>, who led protests against the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> at Columbia in the 1960s, said, "For me, it's the most normal thing in the world to look at the murder of 34,000 people and the displacement of close to 2 million in Gaza and say, ‘Hey, stop!"<a href="#cite_note-The-Daily-Beast-2024-65">[64]</a> Laurel Krause, the sister of <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_shootings" title="Kent State shootings">Kent State shooting</a> victim <a href="/wiki/Allison_Krause" title="Allison Krause">Allison Krause</a> stated that she not only supported the protests and asked university leaders to listen to their demands, but condemned the militarized response by campus authorities to disperse protests stating that it endangered students' lives and rights to free expression.<a href="#cite_note-410">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-411">[408]</a> Former Columbia student leaders from the era of <a href="/wiki/Anti-apartheid_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-apartheid movement in the United States">protests against apartheid</a> in the 1980s, including BDS co-founder <a href="/wiki/Omar_Barghouti" title="Omar Barghouti">Omar Barghouti</a> and historian <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ransby" title="Barbara Ransby">Barbara Ransby</a>, said the "intersecting issues of war, racism and colonialism" were focal points in the movements of 1968, the 1980s, and 2024—and that the similarities are clear among the periods.<a href="#cite_note-Barghouti-2024-412">[409]</a> The New York Times reported that some scholars consider the current protests starkly different from those against the Vietnam War or <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> South Africa. According to <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a>, protests against Vietnam in the 1960s did not result in a constituency that felt attacked as an ethnicity, and the "demonstrations now are creating a feeling of insecurity in a much bigger way than the antiwar demonstrations during Vietnam did".<a href="#cite_note-Peters-2024-172">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kraft" title="Robert Kraft">Robert Kraft</a> said phrases like "Go back to Poland" and "stop killing children", which Columbia University's <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> chapter said had been yelled at Jewish students, were "further echoes of the forces that helped give rise to the Nazis".<a href="#cite_note-k681-413">[410]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_criticism">Political criticism</h3></div> Far-right influencers and some Republicans have portrayed the protests as violent, a "Marxist takeover," and "terrorism".<a href="#cite_note-Carless-2024-182">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> opined that the protests have come during a presidential election year in which Democrats have "harnessed promises of stability and normalcy to win critical recent elections" and that the protests are a messaging opportunity for Republicans to divide Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-414">[411]</a> The newspaper also published an article citing <a href="/wiki/NewsGuard" title="NewsGuard">NewsGuard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Strategic_Dialogue" title="Institute for Strategic Dialogue">Institute for Strategic Dialogue</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Defense_of_Democracies" title="Foundation for Defense of Democracies">Foundation for Defense of Democracies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Strategic_Policy_Institute" title="Australian Strategic Policy Institute">Australian Strategic Policy Institute</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Recorded_Future" title="Recorded Future">Recorded Future</a> on how the media of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> have covered the events. It concluded that those countries have made overt and covert efforts to capitalize on the protests to denigrate democracy, inflame partisan tensions, criticize Biden ahead of the 2024 presidential election, support Trump, and express support for Hamas and Palestinians generally.<a href="#cite_note-415">[412]</a> Both Columbia Professor of Journalism <a href="/wiki/Helen_Benedict" title="Helen Benedict">Helen Benedict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a> political science professor Daniel Schlozman remarked that Republican fixation on criticizing universities as bastions of leftist ideology has resulted in portrayals of the protests as examples of radicalism on race and gender issues as a way to divide Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-Taub-2024-416">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[414]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Currents" title="Jewish Currents">Jewish Currents</a> editor described the movement as providing "cover for the right to expand its attack on protest" in reference to the "draconian" crackdown on protests, saying the "attacks on academic freedom and free speech on campus" were led by right-wingers.<a href="#cite_note-418">[415]</a> Republicans have used antisemitic tropes when denouncing protests as antisemitic, including allusions to <a href="/wiki/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories" title="George Soros conspiracy theories">conspiracies around George Soros</a> and invoking <a href="/wiki/Globalist_conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalist conspiracy">globalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-419">[416]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spread_of_protests">Spread of protests</h3></div> On April 28, The New York Times wrote that protests outside the U.S. were "sporadic and smaller, and none [started] a wider student movement". The "partisan political context" was given as a reason for the intensity of protests in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-Taub-2024-416">[413]</a> Columbia's status as an <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> school, its proximity to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and national news media, and its large population of Jewish students were described as fueling increased media attention and political scrutiny that helped spread the protests.<a href="#cite_note-Taub-2024-416">[413]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a> study, pro-Palestinian demonstrations and encampments were more prevalent at elite U.S. universities. The magazine wrote, "in the vast majority of cases, campuses that educate students mostly from working-class backgrounds have not had any protest activity."<a href="#cite_note-420">[417]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exeter_Liberation_Encampment_for_Palestine_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Exeter_Liberation_Encampment_for_Palestine_03.jpg/220px-Exeter_Liberation_Encampment_for_Palestine_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Exeter_Liberation_Encampment_for_Palestine_03.jpg/330px-Exeter_Liberation_Encampment_for_Palestine_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Exeter_Liberation_Encampment_for_Palestine_03.jpg/440px-Exeter_Liberation_Encampment_for_Palestine_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Protest camp at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a>, United kingdom. By May 7, student encampments had spread to twenty universities in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-Tait-2024-25">[25]</a></figcaption></figure> On May 3, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> called the protests abroad "a growing global student movement", with student protests in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024#United_Kingdom" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">United Kingdom</a> focusing on "an increasingly high-profile nationwide campaign to end British arms exports to Israel".<a href="#cite_note-421">[418]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>, the protests abroad, inspired by protests in the U.S., did not have the intensity of U.S. protests.<a href="#cite_note-Da-Silva-2024-422">[419]</a> By May 7, protests had escalated in Europe after mass arrests at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>, with occupations of campus buildings in Germany, France, and Belgium, and encampments on several European campuses.<a href="#cite_note-Kassam-2024-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> described protests at <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a> in Paris as "echoing similar encampments and solidarity demonstrations across the United States".<a href="#cite_note-423">[420]</a> By May 9, protests were widespread at universities in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, while smaller ones were held at Japanese and South Korean universities.<a href="#cite_note-424">[421]</a> Media coverage of the protests has been criticized as sensationalized and failing to focus on the protesters' demands and grievances.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-2024-425">[422]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dana_Bash" title="Dana Bash">Dana Bash</a> was criticized for likening college protests to the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust#Rise_of_Nazi_Germany" title="The Holocaust">rise of antisemitism in the 1930s in Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McGreal-2024-189">[186]</a> The lack of student protesters' voices in most national media coverage has also been criticized.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-2024-425">[422]</a> Student reporters, in particular, have been praised for their work covering the protests.<a href="#cite_note-426">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[424]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="International reactions to the Israel–Hamas war">International reactions to the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_State_shootings" title="Kent State shootings">Kent State shootings</a> - Vietnam war protest; National Guard killed 4 students in 1970 at university in Ohio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a>, in 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_strike_of_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Student strike of 1970">Student strike of 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism_on_Campus" title="Anti-Zionism on Campus">Anti-Zionism on Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war">Antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Qatari involvement in higher education in the United States">Qatari involvement in higher education in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Universities that have cut or paused ties with Israeli institutions – or companies involved with Israel and its <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupied territories</a> – include <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CNN-2024-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-White-2024-35">[35]</a> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-36">[36]</a> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:8-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:9-38">[38]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> As defined by <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> map of "Campus protests where arrests have been made since April 18", highlighting schools with 45 or more total arrests.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024_CNN-Map-2024-116">[115]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Intifada-169"><a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_169-0">^</a> The Arabic term <a href="/wiki/Intifada" title="Intifada">intifada</a> means roughly "uprising" and is often used in the context of Palestinian uprisings in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli-Palestinian conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 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Retrieved May 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Pro-Palestine+protesters+gather+at+Auckland+University&rft.date=2024-05-02&rft.aulast=Arora&rft.aufirst=Shilpy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnz-news%2F350264254%2Fpro-palestine-protesters-set-tents-auckland-university-ground&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBento2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bento, Helena (May 7, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expresso.pt/sociedade/2024-05-07-inspirados-pelos-protestos-nos-eua-estudantes-acampam-na-faculdade-de-psicologia-de-lisboa-bee50eaf">""Inspirados" pelos protestos nos EUA, estudantes acampam na Faculdade de Psicologia de Lisboa"</a> [“Inspired” by the protests in the USA, students camp at the Faculty of Psychology of Lisbon]. <a href="/wiki/Expresso_(newspaper)" title="Expresso (newspaper)">Expresso</a> (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512090704/https://expresso.pt/sociedade/2024-05-07-inspirados-pelos-protestos-nos-eua-estudantes-acampam-na-faculdade-de-psicologia-de-lisboa-bee50eaf">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expresso&rft.atitle=%22Inspirados%22+pelos+protestos+nos+EUA%2C+estudantes+acampam+na+Faculdade+de+Psicologia+de+Lisboa&rft.date=2024-05-07&rft.aulast=Bento&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexpresso.pt%2Fsociedade%2F2024-05-07-inspirados-pelos-protestos-nos-eua-estudantes-acampam-na-faculdade-de-psicologia-de-lisboa-bee50eaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBularca2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bularca, David Leonard (May 20, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-educatie-27147772-apel-urgent-studentilor-pentru-ocupa-facultatea-psihologie-din-bucuresti-pentru-protesta-pro-palestina.htm">"FOTO Protest pro-Palestina la Universitatea din București. Au apărut primele corturi în curtea Facultății de Psihologie: "Nu e nimeni terorist" / Reacția Universității"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HotNews" title="HotNews">HotNews</a> (in Romanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529154212/https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-educatie-27147772-apel-urgent-studentilor-pentru-ocupa-facultatea-psihologie-din-bucuresti-pentru-protesta-pro-palestina.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2024. Retrieved May 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HotNews&rft.atitle=FOTO+Protest+pro-Palestina+la+Universitatea+din+Bucure%C8%99ti.+Au+ap%C4%83rut+primele+corturi+%C3%AEn+curtea+Facult%C4%83%C8%9Bii+de+Psihologie%3A+%22Nu+e+nimeni+terorist%22+%2F+Reac%C8%9Bia+Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii&rft.date=2024-05-20&rft.aulast=Bularca&rft.aufirst=David+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotnews.ro%2Fstiri-educatie-27147772-apel-urgent-studentilor-pentru-ocupa-facultatea-psihologie-din-bucuresti-pentru-protesta-pro-palestina.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaffejee2024" class="citation web cs1">Haffejee, Ihsaan (May 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groundup.org.za/article/wits-students-set-up-palestinian-solidarity-encampment/">"Wits students set up Palestinian solidarity encampment"</a>. GroundUp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240516172659/https://groundup.org.za/article/wits-students-set-up-palestinian-solidarity-encampment/">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2024. Retrieved May 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GroundUp&rft.atitle=Wits+students+set+up+Palestinian+solidarity+encampment&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft.aulast=Haffejee&rft.aufirst=Ihsaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroundup.org.za%2Farticle%2Fwits-students-set-up-palestinian-solidarity-encampment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/1139908">"[Photo] 'End the genocide in Gaza': Students in Korea join global anti-war protest wave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hankyoreh" title="The Hankyoreh">The Hankyoreh</a>. May 9, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509232520/https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/1139908">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2024. 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Tunisie (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508140134/https://www.tunisienumerique.com/tunisie-les-etudiants-journalistes-observent-un-sit-in-ouvert-en-soutien-a-g-a-z-a/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024. 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Retrieved April 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gaza+protests%3A+Divestment+from+Israel+becomes+focus+of+student+demands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2024%2F04%2F26%2Fbds-divestment-gaza-campuses-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton" class="citation news cs1">Clayton, Abené. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/02/ucla-los-angeles-campus-violence-protests">"The morning after police crackdown on a UCLA protest camp: 'A lot of us are struggling'"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502224834/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/02/ucla-los-angeles-campus-violence-protests">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2024. 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Reuters. April 30, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024. <q>Among the lead student groups in the coalition are the Columbia chapters of Jewish Voice for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine. The two decades-old anti-Zionism advocacy groups that protest Israel's military occupation have chapters across the country that have been key to protests on other campuses.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=US+college+protests%3A+Who+are+the+student+groups+and+others+involved&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fwho-are-some-people-groups-involved-us-college-protests-2024-04-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreisman2024" class="citation news cs1">Treisman, Rachel (May 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/05/01/1248099600/campus-protests-faculty-arrests-letters-no-confidence-votes">"How some faculty members are defending student protesters, in actions and in words"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502004918/https://www.npr.org/2024/05/01/1248099600/campus-protests-faculty-arrests-letters-no-confidence-votes">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024. <q>It's one of several schools around the country where professors are getting arrested at demonstrations, circulating letters in support of arrested protesters and holding no-confidence votes in their administrations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=How+some+faculty+members+are+defending+student+protesters%2C+in+actions+and+in+words&rft.date=2024-05-01&rft.aulast=Treisman&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F05%2F01%2F1248099600%2Fcampus-protests-faculty-arrests-letters-no-confidence-votes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin-2024-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Rubin-2024_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinBeherajLysikChase2024" class="citation news cs1">Rubin, April; Beheraj, Kavya; Lysik, Tory; Chase, Will (May 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2024/04/27/palestinian-college-protest-arrest-encampment">"Mapped: Where pro-Palestinian student protesters have been arrested"</a>. Axios. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505001646/https://www.axios.com/2024/04/27/palestinian-college-protest-arrest-encampment">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2024. 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Retrieved May 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=1968+Columbia+Protest+Leader%3A+These+Kids+Are+%27Smarter%27&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2F1968-columbia-protest-leader-mark-rudd-these-kids-are-smarter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferré-Sadurní-2024-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ferré-Sadurní-2024_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ferré-Sadurní-2024_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li>Multiple sources: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerré-SadurníEdmondsCruz2024" class="citation news cs1">Ferré-Sadurní, Luis; Edmonds, Colbi; Cruz, Liset (April 21, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/nyregion/columbia-protests-antisemitism.html">"Some Jewish Students Are Targeted as Protests Continue at Columbia"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422175550/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/nyregion/columbia-protests-antisemitism.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024. <q>Those demonstrations took a dark turn on Saturday evening, as protesters targeted some Jewish students with antisemitic vitriol that was captured in video and pictures, both inside and outside the campus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Some+Jewish+Students+Are+Targeted+as+Protests+Continue+at+Columbia&rft.date=2024-04-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Ferr%C3%A9-Sadurn%C3%AD&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.au=Edmonds%2C+Colbi&rft.au=Cruz%2C+Liset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F21%2Fnyregion%2Fcolumbia-protests-antisemitism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerryCollinsPrice2024" class="citation news cs1">Perry, Nick; Collins, Dave; Price, Michelle L. (April 23, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/columbia-yale-israel-palestinians-protests-56c3d9d0a278c15ed8e4132a75ea9599">"Pro-Palestinian protests sweep US college campuses following mass arrests at Columbia"</a>. The Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427195938/https://apnews.com/article/columbia-yale-israel-palestinians-protests-56c3d9d0a278c15ed8e4132a75ea9599">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024. <q>Some Jewish students, meanwhile, say much of the criticism of Israel has veered into antisemitism and made them feel unsafe, and they point out that Hamas is still holding hostages taken during the group's Oct. 7 invasion ... He said some of the protesters shouting antisemitic slurs were not students.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Pro-Palestinian+protests+sweep+US+college+campuses+following+mass+arrests+at+Columbia&rft.date=2024-04-23&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Collins%2C+Dave&rft.au=Price%2C+Michelle+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcolumbia-yale-israel-palestinians-protests-56c3d9d0a278c15ed8e4132a75ea9599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/united-states/2024/04/23/efforts-to-tackle-student-protests-in-america-have-backfired-badly">"Efforts to tackle student protests in America have backfired badly"</a>. The Economist. April 23, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240429051235/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2024/04/23/efforts-to-tackle-student-protests-in-america-have-backfired-badly">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024. <q>He kept being told: "You're interpreting it wrong", but this week there was no misinterpreting, he says, the undercurrent of antisemitism on campus. "We're coming for you," other Jewish students say they were told: "Get off our campus."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Efforts+to+tackle+student+protests+in+America+have+backfired+badly&rft.date=2024-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Funited-states%2F2024%2F04%2F23%2Fefforts-to-tackle-student-protests-in-america-have-backfired-badly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosman2024" class="citation news cs1">Rosman, Katherine (April 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/nyregion/columbia-student-protest-zionism.html">"Columbia Bars Student Protester Who Said 'Zionists Don't Deserve to Live'"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427010601/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/nyregion/columbia-student-protest-zionism.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024. <q>Video of the incendiary comments resurfaced online Thursday evening, forcing the school to again confront an issue at the core of the conflict rippling across campuses nationwide: the tension between pro-Palestinian activism and antisemitism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Columbia+Bars+Student+Protester+Who+Said+%27Zionists+Don%27t+Deserve+to+Live%27&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rosman&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F26%2Fnyregion%2Fcolumbia-student-protest-zionism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiver2024" class="citation news cs1">Diver, Tony (April 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/04/27/jewish-students-confront-extreme-anti-semitism-protest-camp/">"Dispatch: Jewish students confront extreme anti-Semitism at Columbia protest camp"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240430133850/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/04/27/jewish-students-confront-extreme-anti-semitism-protest-camp/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024. <q>At Boston's Northeastern University, Police in riot gear cleared an encampment after crowds were heard chanting antisemitic slurs including "kill the Jews".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Dispatch%3A+Jewish+students+confront+extreme+anti-Semitism+at+Columbia+protest+camp&rft.date=2024-04-27&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Diver&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2024%2F04%2F27%2Fjewish-students-confront-extreme-anti-semitism-protest-camp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorst2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borst, Thomas (May 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/09/premier-rutte-spreekt-zich-uit-over-studentenprotesten-amsterdam-a4198354">"Premier Rutte spreekt zich uit over studentenprotesten Amsterdam"</a> [Prime Minister Rutte speaks out about student protests in Amsterdam]. NRC (in Dutch). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510210306/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/09/premier-rutte-spreekt-zich-uit-over-studentenprotesten-amsterdam-a4198354">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=Premier+Rutte+spreekt+zich+uit+over+studentenprotesten+Amsterdam&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.aulast=Borst&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2024%2F05%2F09%2Fpremier-rutte-spreekt-zich-uit-over-studentenprotesten-amsterdam-a4198354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mpoke_Bigg-2024-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mpoke_Bigg-2024_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mpoke_Bigg-2024_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMpoke_Bigg2024" class="citation web cs1">Mpoke Bigg, Matthew (April 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/us/netanyahu-israel-us-college-protests.html">"Netanyahu Calls Student Protests Antisemitic and Says They Must Be Quelled"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240424232746/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/us/netanyahu-israel-us-college-protests.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+Calls+Student+Protests+Antisemitic+and+Says+They+Must+Be+Quelled&rft.date=2024-04-24&rft.aulast=Mpoke+Bigg&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F24%2Fus%2Fnetanyahu-israel-us-college-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcus-2024-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marcus-2024_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marcus-2024_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2024" class="citation web cs1">Marcus, Caroline (May 7, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/anthony-albanese-issues-strongest-condemnation-yet-of-antiisrael-slogan-from-the-river-to-the-sea-in-interview-for-josh-frydenbergs-new-documentary/news-story/4cc00e220ad78e67bc1cc4181e2f0250">"PM doubles down on condemnation of anti-Israel slogan"</a>. Sky News Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515063655/https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/anthony-albanese-issues-strongest-condemnation-yet-of-antiisrael-slogan-from-the-river-to-the-sea-in-interview-for-josh-frydenbergs-new-documentary/news-story/4cc00e220ad78e67bc1cc4181e2f0250">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News+Australia&rft.atitle=PM+doubles+down+on+condemnation+of+anti-Israel+slogan&rft.date=2024-05-07&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skynews.com.au%2Faustralia-news%2Fpolitics%2Fanthony-albanese-issues-strongest-condemnation-yet-of-antiisrael-slogan-from-the-river-to-the-sea-in-interview-for-josh-frydenbergs-new-documentary%2Fnews-story%2F4cc00e220ad78e67bc1cc4181e2f0250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adams-2024-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adams-2024_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adams-2024_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2024" class="citation news cs1">Adams, Richard (May 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/article/2024/may/09/university-leaders-must-take-personal-care-to-protect-jewish-students-sunak-says">"University leaders must take 'personal' care to protect Jewish students, Sunak says"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240516032538/https://www.theguardian.com/education/article/2024/may/09/university-leaders-must-take-personal-care-to-protect-jewish-students-sunak-says">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2024. Retrieved May 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=University+leaders+must+take+%27personal%27+care+to+protect+Jewish+students%2C+Sunak+says&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fmay%2F09%2Funiversity-leaders-must-take-personal-care-to-protect-jewish-students-sunak-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall-2024-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hall-2024_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall-2024_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2024" class="citation web cs1">Hall, Richard (April 25, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/columbia-protests-jewish-students-antisemitism-b2534817.html">"Jewish student protesters say Columbia's pro-Palestine protests aren't antisemitic"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240429133945/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/columbia-protests-jewish-students-antisemitism-b2534817.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Jewish+student+protesters+say+Columbia%27s+pro-Palestine+protests+aren%27t+antisemitic&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcolumbia-protests-jewish-students-antisemitism-b2534817.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinHaynieStarobin" class="citation web cs1">Klein, Evie; Haynie, Olivia; Starobin, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedp.com/article/2024/05/jewish-students-professor-antisemitism-accusation-defense">"Three Jewish students say: stop attacking our professors"</a>. www.thedp.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240511151908/https://www.thedp.com/article/2024/05/jewish-students-professor-antisemitism-accusation-defense">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2024. 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Retrieved May 9, 2024. <q>Police cleared a pro-Palestinian tent encampment at George Washington University on Wednesday after protesters projected a US flag in flames and slogans including "Long live the student intifada" onto a building overnight.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Pro-Palestinian+protesters+project+%27student+intifada%27+slogan+onto+university&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft.aulast=Makoii&rft.aufirst=Akhtar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fus%2Fnews%2F2024%2F05%2F08%2Fpolice-pro-palestine-camp-george-washington-university%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvarez2024" class="citation web cs1">Alvarez, Maximillian (May 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://therealnews.com/inside-the-student-intifada-a-roundtable-with-campus-organizers">"Inside the 'Student Intifada': A roundtable with campus organizers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Real_News_Network" title="The Real News Network">The Real News Network</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509220156/https://therealnews.com/inside-the-student-intifada-a-roundtable-with-campus-organizers">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024. <q>It is being called the Student Intifada, a grassroots protest movement spreading to different college and university campuses around the country involving students at over a hundred campuses, setting up encampments, occupations and protests (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Real+News+Network&rft.atitle=Inside+the+%27Student+Intifada%27%3A+A+roundtable+with+campus+organizers&rft.date=2024-05-03&rft.aulast=Alvarez&rft.aufirst=Maximillian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftherealnews.com%2Finside-the-student-intifada-a-roundtable-with-campus-organizers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2024" class="citation web cs1">Starr, Michael (May 7, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-800216">"'Student intifada here to stay': Harvard activists defy suspension threat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510193327/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-800216">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024. <q>Anti-Israel activists groups defied Harvard University warnings that their protest encampment must dissolve under threat of suspension, proclaiming the campus occupation movement a "student intifada" in a press conference on Monday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=%27Student+intifada+here+to+stay%27%3A+Harvard+activists+defy+suspension+threat&rft.date=2024-05-07&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fdiaspora%2Fantisemitism%2Farticle-800216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaba2024" class="citation news cs1">Saba, Dylan (May 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/student-protest-history/">"The Student Movement Is Writing a New Chapter of History"</a>. 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Times of San Diego. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240429014125/https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2024/04/28/protests-counterprotests-against-israels-actions-in-gaza-roil-los-angeles-universities/">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024. <q>It was unclear whether all of the participants were UCLA students, although known members of far right and white nationalist groups have been appearing at various campuses nationally in order to sow chaos and violence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+San+Diego&rft.atitle=Protests%2C+Counterprotests+Over+Israel%27s+Actions+in+Gaza+Roil+Los+Angeles+Universities&rft.date=2024-04-29&rft.aulast=Bikowski&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofsandiego.com%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F04%2F28%2Fprotests-counterprotests-against-israels-actions-in-gaza-roil-los-angeles-universities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winston-2024-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Winston-2024_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinston2024" class="citation news cs1">Winston, Ali (May 10, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/10/college-campus-protests-far-right">"Why far-right groups are disrupting US campus protests: 'When there's so much attention, they show up'"</a>. 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Experts have different worries"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240429014125/https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2024/04/28/protests-counterprotests-against-israels-actions-in-gaza-roil-los-angeles-universities/">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024. <q>Those counter-protesters might, in turn, be met with violence from militant far-left activists aligned with the anti-fascist movement, said Colin P. Clarke, director of research at the Soufan Group, a global intelligence and security consultancy. The far-left has become increasingly organized over the last few years, in response to growing violence from the far-right, Clarke said, and he's worried about possible violence that could spill out from the protests.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Far-right+influencers+claim+student+protests+are+violent.+Experts+have+different+worries.&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft.aulast=Carless&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Finvestigations%2F2024%2F04%2F26%2Fstudent-protests-violent%2F73461701007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc7ny.com/columbia-ccny-protesters-arrested-quarter-of-them-not-affiliated-with-schools/14754563/">"Protesters unaffiliated with CCNY, Columbia made up nearly half of arrests: police"</a>. 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Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Greens+NSW&rft.atitle=JOINT+MEDIA+STATEMENT%3A+SUPPORT+FOR+THE+GAZA+SOLIDARITY+ENCAMPMENT+AT+THE+UNIVERSITY+OF+SYDNEY+%7C+Greens+NSW&rft.date=2024-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreens.org.au%2Fnsw%2Fnews%2Fmedia-release%2Fjoint-media-statement-support-gaza-solidarity-encampment-university-sydney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greens.org.au/vic/news/media-release/peaceful-pro-palestine-encampments-must-be-better-protected-universities-and">"Peaceful pro-Palestine encampments must be better protected by universities and police"</a>. Australian Greens Victoria. May 2, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502180147/https://greens.org.au/vic/news/media-release/peaceful-pro-palestine-encampments-must-be-better-protected-universities-and">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Greens+Victoria&rft.atitle=Peaceful+pro-Palestine+encampments+must+be+better+protected+by+universities+and+police&rft.date=2024-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreens.org.au%2Fvic%2Fnews%2Fmedia-release%2Fpeaceful-pro-palestine-encampments-must-be-better-protected-universities-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.news.yahoo.com/police-manhandled-senator-claim-000200554.html">"'Police manhandled me': Senator's claim"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News_Corp_Australia" title="News Corp Australia">News Corp Australia</a>. May 8, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509073900/https://au.news.yahoo.com/police-manhandled-senator-claim-000200554.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">Yahoo News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Police+manhandled+me%27%3A+Senator%27s+claim&rft.pub=News+Corp+Australia&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fpolice-manhandled-senator-claim-000200554.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/dutton-calls-on-unis-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-protests-20240502-p5fogj">"Dutton calls on unis to shut down pro-Palestinian protests"</a>. Australian Financial Review. May 2, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509073904/https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/dutton-calls-on-unis-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-protests-20240502-p5fogj">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Financial+Review&rft.atitle=Dutton+calls+on+unis+to+shut+down+pro-Palestinian+protests&rft.date=2024-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afr.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2Fdutton-calls-on-unis-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-protests-20240502-p5fogj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakkal2024" class="citation web cs1">Sakkal, Paul (May 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/fine-unis-that-fail-to-crack-down-on-racist-pro-palestine-encampments-coalition-20240503-p5fotz.html">"Fine unis that fail to crack down on 'racist' pro-Palestine encampments: Coalition"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509073859/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/fine-unis-that-fail-to-crack-down-on-racist-pro-palestine-encampments-coalition-20240503-p5fotz.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Fine+unis+that+fail+to+crack+down+on+%27racist%27+pro-Palestine+encampments%3A+Coalition&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft.aulast=Sakkal&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2Ffine-unis-that-fail-to-crack-down-on-racist-pro-palestine-encampments-coalition-20240503-p5fotz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The-Chronicle-2024-293"><a href="#cite_ref-The-Chronicle-2024_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Chronicle2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Toowoomba_Chronicle" title="The Toowoomba Chronicle">The Chronicle</a> (May 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/breaking-news/university-of-queensland-palestine-protest-fury-turns-to-boeing/news-story/8f65afb1ea64b3aa8e294578b4c43e10">"University of Queensland Palestine protest fury turns to Boeing"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Queensland+Palestine+protest+fury+turns+to+Boeing&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.au=The+Chronicle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechronicle.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2Funiversity-of-queensland-palestine-protest-fury-turns-to-boeing%2Fnews-story%2F8f65afb1ea64b3aa8e294578b4c43e10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButlerCassidy2024" class="citation news cs1">Butler, Josh; Cassidy, Caitlin (May 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/may/09/peter-dutton-compares-pro-palestine-university-protests-to-hitler-in-deeply-offensive-comments">"Peter Dutton compares 'river to the sea' chants at pro-Palestinian protests to Hitler"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240516031401/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/may/09/peter-dutton-compares-pro-palestine-university-protests-to-hitler-in-deeply-offensive-comments">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2024. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240516031424/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/01/progressive-australian-jews-opposing-antisemitism-israel-gaza-war">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2024. Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+fresh+Jewish+voice%3A+the+new+Australian+group+opposing+antisemitism+%E2%80%93+and+Israel%27s+conduct&rft.date=2024-03-31&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Dumas&rft.aufirst=Daisy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fapr%2F01%2Fprogressive-australian-jews-opposing-antisemitism-israel-gaza-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorst2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borst, Thomas (May 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/09/premier-rutte-spreekt-zich-uit-over-studentenprotesten-amsterdam-a4198354">"Premier Rutte spreekt zich uit over studentenprotesten Amsterdam"</a> [Prime Minister Rutte speaks out about student protests in Amsterdam]. NRC (in Dutch). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510210306/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/09/premier-rutte-spreekt-zich-uit-over-studentenprotesten-amsterdam-a4198354">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=Premier+Rutte+spreekt+zich+uit+over+studentenprotesten+Amsterdam&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.aulast=Borst&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2024%2F05%2F09%2Fpremier-rutte-spreekt-zich-uit-over-studentenprotesten-amsterdam-a4198354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bd.nl/binnenland/ravage-na-pro-palestijnse-protesten-in-amsterdam-korpschef-raamt-schade-op-meer-dan-een-ton~a1d9d01c">"Ravage na pro-Palestijnse protesten in Amsterdam, korpschef raamt schade op meer dan een ton"</a> [Devastation after pro-Palestinian protests in Amsterdam, police chief estimates damage at more than a ton]. Brabants Dagblad (in Dutch). May 9, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240516031950/https://www.bd.nl/binnenland/ravage-na-pro-palestijnse-protesten-in-amsterdam-korpschef-raamt-schade-op-meer-dan-een-ton~a1d9d01c/">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2024. Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brabants+Dagblad&rft.atitle=Ravage+na+pro-Palestijnse+protesten+in+Amsterdam%2C+korpschef+raamt+schade+op+meer+dan+een+ton&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bd.nl%2Fbinnenland%2Fravage-na-pro-palestijnse-protesten-in-amsterdam-korpschef-raamt-schade-op-meer-dan-een-ton~a1d9d01c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parool.nl/protest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland/live-protesten-in-amsterdam-minister-zeer-de-vraag-of-relschoppers-wel-studenten-zijn-twintig-meldingen-bij-persveilig-om-agressie-bij-uva-protesten~b86f603c/">"Minister Paul: demonstreren mag, maar noemt gebeurtenissen aan UvA 'onacceptabel'"</a> [Minister Paul: demonstrations are allowed, but calls events at UvA 'unacceptable']. Het Parool (in Dutch). May 14, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240514163131/https://www.parool.nl/protest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland/live-protesten-in-amsterdam-minister-zeer-de-vraag-of-relschoppers-wel-studenten-zijn-twintig-meldingen-bij-persveilig-om-agressie-bij-uva-protesten~b86f603c/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2024. Retrieved May 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Het+Parool&rft.atitle=Minister+Paul%3A+demonstreren+mag%2C+maar+noemt+gebeurtenissen+aan+UvA+%27onacceptabel%27&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parool.nl%2Fprotest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland%2Flive-protesten-in-amsterdam-minister-zeer-de-vraag-of-relschoppers-wel-studenten-zijn-twintig-meldingen-bij-persveilig-om-agressie-bij-uva-protesten~b86f603c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReijmer2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reijmer, Loes (May 10, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/burgemeester-halsema-is-stabiel-middelpunt-bij-raadsvergadering-over-ontspoorde-protesten-amsterdam~bfa49cfbd/">"Burgemeester Halsema is stabiel middelpunt bij raadsvergadering over ontspoorde protesten Amsterdam"</a> [Mayor Halsema is a stable center at a council meeting about derailed protests in Amsterdam]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510210307/https://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/burgemeester-halsema-is-stabiel-middelpunt-bij-raadsvergadering-over-ontspoorde-protesten-amsterdam~bfa49cfbd/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=de+Volkskrant&rft.atitle=Burgemeester+Halsema+is+stabiel+middelpunt+bij+raadsvergadering+over+ontspoorde+protesten+Amsterdam&rft.date=2024-05-10&rft.aulast=Reijmer&rft.aufirst=Loes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkskrant.nl%2Fbinnenland%2Fburgemeester-halsema-is-stabiel-middelpunt-bij-raadsvergadering-over-ontspoorde-protesten-amsterdam~bfa49cfbd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands_Het-Parool-20242-300"><a href="#cite_ref-2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands_Het-Parool-20242_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parool.nl/protest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland/live-protesten-in-amsterdam-demonstratie-bij-stopera-ten-einde-acht-eerder-opgepakte-betogers-langer-vast~b86f603c">"Protesten in Amsterdam: Demonstratie bij Stopera ten einde, acht eerder opgepakte betogers langer vast"</a> [Protests in Amsterdam: Demonstration at Stopera ended, eight previously arrested demonstrators held longer]. Het Parool (in Dutch). May 10, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510210307/https://www.parool.nl/protest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland/live-protesten-in-amsterdam-demonstratie-bij-stopera-ten-einde-acht-eerder-opgepakte-betogers-langer-vast~b86f603c/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Het+Parool&rft.atitle=Protesten+in+Amsterdam%3A+Demonstratie+bij+Stopera+ten+einde%2C+acht+eerder+opgepakte+betogers+langer+vast&rft.date=2024-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parool.nl%2Fprotest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland%2Flive-protesten-in-amsterdam-demonstratie-bij-stopera-ten-einde-acht-eerder-opgepakte-betogers-langer-vast~b86f603c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parool.nl/protest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland/live-protesten-in-amsterdam-bestuur-uva-stelt-voorwaarden-aan-demonstraties-walk-out-day~b86f603c/">"Demonstratie begonnen, honderden aanwezigen"</a> [Demonstration started, hundreds of people present]. Het Parool (in Dutch). May 11, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512153440/https://www.parool.nl/protest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland/live-protesten-in-amsterdam-bestuur-uva-stelt-voorwaarden-aan-demonstraties-walk-out-day~b86f603c/">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2024. Retrieved May 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Het+Parool&rft.atitle=Demonstratie+begonnen%2C+honderden+aanwezigen&rft.date=2024-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parool.nl%2Fprotest-op-uva-campus-roeterseiland%2Flive-protesten-in-amsterdam-bestuur-uva-stelt-voorwaarden-aan-demonstraties-walk-out-day~b86f603c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands_Van-Erven-2024-302"><a href="#cite_ref-2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands_Van-Erven-2024_302-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Erven2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Erven, Roland (May 11, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/10/studentenprotesten-10-mei-a4198419">"KABK stopt samenwerking met Israëlische kunstacademie na aandringen studenten"</a> [KABK stops collaboration with Israeli art academy after students' insistence]. NRC (in Dutch). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240511233640/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/10/studentenprotesten-10-mei-a4198419">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved May 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=KABK+stopt+samenwerking+met+Isra%C3%ABlische+kunstacademie+na+aandringen+studenten&rft.date=2024-05-11&rft.aulast=Van+Erven&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2024%2F05%2F10%2Fstudentenprotesten-10-mei-a4198419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Nuland2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Nuland, Merijn (May 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/binnenland/terwijl-halsema-praat-als-brugman-keren-studenten-haar-de-rug-toe~b824d29e">"Terwijl Halsema praat als Brugman, keren studenten haar de rug toe"</a> [While Halsema speaks with persuasiveness, students turn their backs on her]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 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Dutch Student Union. May 10, 2024. Retrieved May 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+Landelijke+Studentenvakbond+is+solidair+met+de+protesten+in+Amsterdam%3A+%22Studenten+worden+geslagen+in+plaats+van+gehoord%22&rft.pub=Dutch+Student+Union&rft.date=2024-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flsvb.nl%2F2024%2F05%2F10%2Fde-landelijke-studentenvakbond-is-solidair-met-de-protesten-in-amsterdam-studenten-worden-geslagen-in-plaats-van-gehoord%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lsvb.nl/2024/05/07/buitenproportioneel-geweld-van-de-uva-tegen-eigen-studenten-vakbonden-veroordelen-gewelddadige-ontruiming-van-studentenprotest/">""Buitenproportioneel geweld van de UvA tegen eigen studenten": vakbonden veroordelen gewelddadige ontruiming van studentenprotest"</a> [“Disproportionate violence by the UvA against its own students”: unions condemn violent evacuation of student protest] (in Dutch). Dutch Student Union. May 7, 2024. Retrieved May 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Buitenproportioneel+geweld+van+de+UvA+tegen+eigen+studenten%22%3A+vakbonden+veroordelen+gewelddadige+ontruiming+van+studentenprotest&rft.pub=Dutch+Student+Union&rft.date=2024-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flsvb.nl%2F2024%2F05%2F07%2Fbuitenproportioneel-geweld-van-de-uva-tegen-eigen-studenten-vakbonden-veroordelen-gewelddadige-ontruiming-van-studentenprotest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.nl/actueel/politie-laat-kansen-op-de-escalatie-liggen-bij-studentendemonstraties">"Politie laat kansen op de-escalatie liggen"</a> [Police miss opportunities for de-escalation] (in Dutch). Amnesty International. May 9, 2024. 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RTV Utrecht (in Dutch). 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The Observer. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240516032331/https://www.theguardian.com/education/article/2024/may/11/rishi-sunak-accused-of-scaremongering-over-uk-students-gaza-protest-camps">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2024. Retrieved May 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Rishi+Sunak+accused+of+scaremongering+over+UK+students%27+Gaza+protest+camps&rft.date=2024-05-11&rft.issn=0029-7712&rft.aulast=Fazackerley&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fmay%2F11%2Frishi-sunak-accused-of-scaremongering-over-uk-students-gaza-protest-camps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShearingNagesh2024" class="citation web cs1">Shearing, Hazel; Nagesh, Ashitha (May 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqen1j2ey40o">"Universities UK says campus protests may require action"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513130150/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqen1j2ey40o">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2024. Retrieved May 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Universities+UK+says+campus+protests+may+require+action&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.aulast=Shearing&rft.aufirst=Hazel&rft.au=Nagesh%2C+Ashitha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcqen1j2ey40o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucy_Williams2024" class="citation news cs1">Lucy Williams (May 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thisisoxfordshire.co.uk/news/24356093.oxford-university-jewish-faculty-support-palestine-protests/">"Oxford University Jewish faculty support Palestine protests"</a>. This Is Oxfordshire.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=This+Is+Oxfordshire&rft.atitle=Oxford+University+Jewish+faculty+support+Palestine+protests&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft.au=Lucy+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisisoxfordshire.co.uk%2Fnews%2F24356093.oxford-university-jewish-faculty-support-palestine-protests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Barton2024" class="citation news cs1">Alex Barton (June 8, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/06/07/protesters-durham-university-students-debate-chamber/">"Pro-Palestinian protesters 'lock' university students inside debate chamber"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240609074556/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/06/07/protesters-durham-university-students-debate-chamber/">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Pro-Palestinian+protesters+%27lock%27+university+students+inside+debate+chamber&rft.date=2024-06-08&rft.au=Alex+Barton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2024%2F06%2F07%2Fprotesters-durham-university-students-debate-chamber%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan_Bavister2024" class="citation news cs1">Dan Bavister (June 20, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palatinate.org.uk/dont-mention-the-war-why-is-the-palace-green-pro-palestine-encampment-so-muted/">"Don't mention the war: Why is the Palace Green pro-Palestine encampment so muted?"</a>. 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Birmingham Live. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240514132843/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/university-birmingham-issues-statement-after-29165869">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2024. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=University+goes+to+court+to+end+Gaza+protest+camp&rft.date=2024-06-11&rft.au=Susie+Rack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc14480p090eo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob_Phillips2024" class="citation news cs1">Jacob Phillips (June 18, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/lse-london-protest-palestine-gaza-legal-action-evicted-b1164926.html">"Students evicted from LSE building after living in pro-Palestinian encampment for over a month"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a>.</cite><span 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Retrieved May 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cleveland+Jewish+News&rft.atitle=Israel+opening+its+universities+to+besieged+US+Jewish+students&rft.date=2024-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevelandjewishnews.com%2Fjns%2Fisrael-opening-its-universities-to-besieged-us-jewish-students%2Farticle_12351f64-91a2-5770-a592-bb33c89d4187.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuchar" class="citation web cs1">Kuchar, Savannah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2024/05/30/iran-supreme-leader-sayyed-ali-khamenei-letter-college-protests/73904227007/">"'Right side of history': Iran Supreme Leader thanks campus protesters, calls them 'The Resistance'"</a>. USA TODAY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240531104241/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2024/05/30/iran-supreme-leader-sayyed-ali-khamenei-letter-college-protests/73904227007/">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=%27Right+side+of+history%27%3A+Iran+Supreme+Leader+thanks+campus+protesters%2C+calls+them+%27The+Resistance%27&rft.aulast=Kuchar&rft.aufirst=Savannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2024%2F05%2F30%2Firan-supreme-leader-sayyed-ali-khamenei-letter-college-protests%2F73904227007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStyllis2024" class="citation news cs1">Styllis, George (May 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/05/30/iran-supreme-leader-praises-us-student-protesters-israel/">"Iran's supreme leader praises US pro-Palestine student protesters"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240531120805/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/05/30/iran-supreme-leader-praises-us-student-protesters-israel/">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+supreme+leader+praises+US+pro-Palestine+student+protesters&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Styllis&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2024%2F05%2F30%2Firan-supreme-leader-praises-us-student-protesters-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell2024" class="citation news cs1">Chappell, Bill (April 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/04/26/1247527512/columbia-university-protests-1968-2024-history">"In Columbia University's protests of 1968 and 2024, what's similar — and different"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426222148/https://www.npr.org/2024/04/26/1247527512/columbia-university-protests-1968-2024-history">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2024. Retrieved April 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=In+Columbia+University%27s+protests+of+1968+and+2024%2C+what%27s+similar+%E2%80%94+and+different&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F04%2F26%2F1247527512%2Fcolumbia-university-protests-1968-2024-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkin2024" class="citation web cs1">Arkin, Daniel (May 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/columbia-unrest-echoes-chaotic-campus-protest-movement-1968-rcna149967">"Columbia unrest echoes chaotic campus protest movement of 1968"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240501142410/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/columbia-unrest-echoes-chaotic-campus-protest-movement-1968-rcna149967">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Columbia+unrest+echoes+chaotic+campus+protest+movement+of+1968&rft.date=2024-05-01&rft.aulast=Arkin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fcolumbia-unrest-echoes-chaotic-campus-protest-movement-1968-rcna149967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/columbia-gaza-campus-protests-1968-505f9da3aef5ce7a9f7d6eb962dacb5d">"How Columbia University's complex history with the student protest movement echoes into today"</a>. AP News. April 29, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240501165756/https://apnews.com/article/columbia-gaza-campus-protests-1968-505f9da3aef5ce7a9f7d6eb962dacb5d">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=How+Columbia+University%27s+complex+history+with+the+student+protest+movement+echoes+into+today&rft.date=2024-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcolumbia-gaza-campus-protests-1968-505f9da3aef5ce7a9f7d6eb962dacb5d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2024" class="citation web cs1">Hall, Richard (April 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/gaza-protests-columbia-1968-b2535676.html">"Gaza protests have spread across the country: Is this Gen-Z's 1968 moment?"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426233137/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/gaza-protests-columbia-1968-b2535676.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2024. Retrieved April 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Gaza+protests+have+spread+across+the+country%3A+Is+this+Gen-Z%27s+1968+moment%3F&rft.date=2024-04-27&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Fgaza-protests-columbia-1968-b2535676.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://laurelkrause.substack.com/p/to-student-protesting-the-gaza-genocide?triedRedirect=true">https://laurelkrause.substack.com/p/to-student-protesting-the-gaza-genocide?triedRedirect=true</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kent-state-sister-militarized-police-college-protests-israel-gaza_n_662aa18de4b09d8df9d5e1b0">https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kent-state-sister-militarized-police-college-protests-israel-gaza_n_662aa18de4b09d8df9d5e1b0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barghouti-2024-412"><a href="#cite_ref-Barghouti-2024_412-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarghoutiJonesRansby2024" class="citation news cs1">Barghouti, Omar; Jones, Tanaquil; Ransby, Barbara (May 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/may/03/columbia-pro-palestinian-protest-south-africa-divestment">"Let us remember the last time students occupied Columbia University"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503131227/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/may/03/columbia-pro-palestinian-protest-south-africa-divestment">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 3, 2024. <q>From 1968 to the 1980s to 2024, the often intersecting issues of war, racism and colonialism, took center stage in Columbia justice movements, reflecting larger campus and international struggles raging at the time. Each of these periods was unique, but parallels are clear.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Let+us+remember+the+last+time+students+occupied+Columbia+University&rft.date=2024-05-03&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Barghouti&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft.au=Jones%2C+Tanaquil&rft.au=Ransby%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fmay%2F03%2Fcolumbia-pro-palestinian-protest-south-africa-divestment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-k681-413"><a href="#cite_ref-k681_413-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/college-campus-protests-israel-robert-kraft-comments-rcna149322">"Patriots owner Robert Kraft: 'Jew hatred' on U.S. college campuses is another parallel to Germany in 1930s and '40s"</a>. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240428213240/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/28/us/politics/college-protests-israel-democrats.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=College+Protests+Over+Gaza+Deepen+Democratic+Rifts&rft.date=2024-04-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Glueck&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F28%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcollege-protests-israel-democrats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyersHsu2024" class="citation news cs1">Myers, Steven Lee; Hsu, Tiffany (May 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/02/business/media/campus-protests-russia-china-iran-us.html">"Campus Protests Give Russia, China and Iran Fuel to Exploit U.S. Divide"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502171742/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/02/business/media/campus-protests-russia-china-iran-us.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2024. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240430120809/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/world/europe/interpreter-gaza-college-protests.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Gaza+Protests+on+U.S.+College+Campuses+Have+Become+So+Contagious&rft.date=2024-04-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Taub&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F26%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Finterpreter-gaza-college-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedict2024" class="citation news cs1">Benedict, Helen (May 10, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-student-protesters-are-demonstrating-their-bravery-not-anti-semitism/">"The Student Protesters Are Demonstrating Their Bravery, Not Antisemitism"</a>. The Nation. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378">0027-8378</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513100504/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-student-protesters-are-demonstrating-their-bravery-not-anti-semitism/">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2024. 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(May 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/media-coverage-of-campus-protests-tends-to-focus-on-the-spectacle-rather-than-the-substance-229172">"Media coverage of campus protests tends to focus on the spectacle, rather than the substance"</a>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240507013206/http://theconversation.com/media-coverage-of-campus-protests-tends-to-focus-on-the-spectacle-rather-than-the-substance-229172">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Media+coverage+of+campus+protests+tends+to+focus+on+the+spectacle%2C+rather+than+the+substance&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Danielle+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fmedia-coverage-of-campus-protests-tends-to-focus-on-the-spectacle-rather-than-the-substance-229172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+pro-Palestinian+protests+on+university+campuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbcuacademy.com/campus-protests-student-journalism/">"Why Student Journalists Are Leading Campus Protests Coverage"</a>. NBCU Academy. May 8, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515220434/https://nbcuacademy.com/campus-protests-student-journalism/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2024. 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Axios. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512140408/https://www.axios.com/2024/05/04/israel-gaza-college-protests-journalists-pulitzer">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2024. 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="Template:2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="Template talk:2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses"><abbr title="Edit this 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University pro-Palestinian campus occupations">Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Portland_State_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 Portland State University pro-Palestinian campus occupation">Portland State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Mississippi_confrontation" title="2024 University of Mississippi confrontation">University of Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ohio_State_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_protests" title="2024 Ohio State University pro-Palestinian campus protests">Ohio State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Oregon_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of Oregon pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Pennsylvania_pro-Palestine_campus_encampment" title="2024 University of Pennsylvania pro-Palestine campus encampment">University of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Texas_at_Austin_pro-Palestinian_campus_protests" title="2024 University of Texas at Austin pro-Palestinian campus protests">University of Texas at Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Virginia_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of Virginia pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Washington_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of Washington pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of Washington</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="California" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_California_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in California in 2024">California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Salute_(statue)#2024_pro-Palestine_protests_and_encampment" title="Victory Salute (statue)">San José State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Davis_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of California, Davis pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of California, Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Irvine_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of California, Irvine pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of California, Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of California, Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Southern_California_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of Southern California pro-Palestinian campus occupation">University of Southern California</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">Other countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Gazi_University_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Gazi University protests">Gazi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_pro-Palestinian_encampment" title="McGill University pro-Palestinian encampment">McGill University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Oxford_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations" title="2024 University of Oxford pro-Palestinian campus occupations">University of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sciences_Po_pro-Palestinian_occupation_protest" title="2024 Sciences Po pro-Palestinian occupation protest">Sciences Po</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Netherlands" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_Amsterdam_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations" title="2024 University of Amsterdam pro-Palestinian campus occupations">University of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Radboud_University_Nijmegen_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations" title="2024 Radboud University Nijmegen pro-Palestinian campus occupations">Radboud University Nijmegen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IfNotNow" title="IfNotNow">IfNotNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine" title="Students for Justice in Palestine">Students for Justice in Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annelise_Orleck" title="Annelise Orleck">Annelise Orleck</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hind%27s_Hall" title="Hind's Hall">Hind's Hall</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exception" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Exception">Palestine Exception</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israel–Hamas_war" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Template:Israel–Hamas war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Template talk:Israel–Hamas war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israel–Hamas war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israel–Hamas_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Timeline of the Israel–Hamas war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Outline of the Israel–Hamas war">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of military engagements during the Israel–Hamas war">Engage- ments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Hamas-led attack on Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attacks on civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netiv_HaAsara_massacre" title="Netiv HaAsara massacre">Netiv HaAsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumim_massacre" title="Alumim massacre">Alumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%27eri_massacre" title="Be'eri massacre">Be'eri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_Team" title="Elhanan Team">Elhanan Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Holit" title="Attack on Holit">Holit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Aza_massacre" title="Kfar Aza massacre">Kfar Aza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissufim_massacre" title="Kissufim massacre">Kissufim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Oz_attack" title="Nir Oz attack">Nir Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Yitzhak_attack" title="Nir Yitzhak attack">Nir Yitzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Oz_attack" title="Nahal Oz attack">Nahal Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirim_attack" title="Nirim attack">Nirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_music_festival_massacre" title="Nova music festival massacre">Nova music festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_Shelters" title="Death Shelters">Death Shelters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyduck_music_festival_massacre" title="Psyduck music festival massacre">Psyduck music festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Re%27im" title="Battle of Re'im">Re'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sderot" title="Battle of Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sufa" title="Battle of Sufa">Sufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikim_attack" title="Zikim attack">Zikim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_female_tank_crew_fight" title="2023 Israeli female tank crew fight">Israeli female tank crew fight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Allegations of genocide in the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Allegations of genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA_and_Israel" title="UNRWA and Israel">Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Shelters" title="Death Shelters">Death Shelters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Denial of the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_in_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Sexual and gender-based violence in the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Sexual and gender-based violence</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Screams_Without_Words" title="Screams Without Words">Screams Without Words</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_Witness_(2023_film)" title="Bearing Witness (2023 film)">Bearing Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screams_Before_Silence" title="Screams Before Silence">Screams Before Silence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Israeli invasion of Gaza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="Battle of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaza_City" title="Siege of Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Khan_Yunis" title="Siege of Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_of_the_Rafah_offensive" title="Background of the Rafah offensive">Background</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp_airstrikes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Refugee camp airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Jabalia_refugee_camp_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on Jabalia refugee camp (2023–present)">Jabalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_October_2023_Jabalia_refugee_camp_airstrike" title="31 October 2023 Jabalia refugee camp airstrike">31 October</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp_airstrikes" title="Al-Shati refugee camp airstrikes">Al-Shati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_northern_Gaza_City_airstrikes" title="June 2024 northern Gaza City airstrikes">Al-Shati and Tuffah dual airstrikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_attacks_on_Al-Maghazi_refugee_camp" title="Israeli attacks on Al-Maghazi refugee camp">Al-Maghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Sultan_attack" title="Tel al-Sultan attack">Tel al-Sultan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="May 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_refugee_camp_massacre" title="Nuseirat refugee camp massacre">Nuseirat refugee camp massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="June 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2024_al-Shati_refugee_camp_attack" title="July 2024 al-Shati refugee camp attack">Al-Shati (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Deir_el-Balah_attacks" title="August 2024 Deir el-Balah attacks">Deir el-Balah (August)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (September)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_schools_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on schools during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fakhoora_school_airstrikes" title="Al-Fakhoora school airstrikes">Al-Fakhoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadia_Abu_Ghazala_School_massacre" title="Shadia Abu Ghazala School massacre">Shadia Abu Ghazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sardi_school_attack" title="Al-Sardi school attack">Al-Sardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_school_attack" title="Al-Awda school attack">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_School_airstrike" title="Khadija School airstrike">Khadija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama_School_bombing" title="Hamama School bombing">Hamama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Jawni_School_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Jawni School attack">Al-Jawni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Rufaida_school_attack" title="October 2024 Rufaida school attack">Rufaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Abu_Hussein_school_attack" title="October 2024 Abu Hussein school attack">Abu Hussein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on health facilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion">Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital_siege" title="Al-Shifa Hospital siege">Al-Shifa Hospital siege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleged_military_use_of_al-Shifa_hospital" title="Alleged military use of al-Shifa hospital">alleged military use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_ambulance_airstrike" title="Al-Shifa ambulance airstrike">ambulance airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_mass_graves" title="Gaza Strip mass graves">Gaza Strip mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Adwan_Hospital_sieges" title="Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges">Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_health_workers_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of health workers in the Israel–Hamas war">Killing of health workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital_siege" title="Nasser Hospital siege">Nasser Hospital siege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital_mass_graves" title="Nasser Hospital mass graves">Nasser Hospital mass graves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_October_2024_Al-Aqsa_Hospital_attack" title="14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack">14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrikes_on_municipal_services_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli airstrikes on municipal services in the Gaza Strip">Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_religious_sites_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on religious sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_Building_airstrike" title="Engineer's Building airstrike">Engineer's Building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_February_2024_Rafah_strikes" title="12 February 2024 Rafah strikes">Rafah strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">Flour massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Roundabout_mass_killings" title="Kuwait Roundabout mass killings">Kuwait Roundabout mass killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Palestinians_evacuating_Gaza_City" title="Attacks on Palestinians evacuating Gaza City">Palestinians evacuating Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_July_2024_Gaza_attacks" title="9 July 2024 Gaza attacks">9 July 2024 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_July_2024_al-Mawasi_attack" title="13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack">13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_July_2024_Khan_Yunis_attack" title="22 July 2024 Khan Yunis attack">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Deir_al-Balah_mosque_bombing" title="October 2024 Deir al-Balah mosque bombing">Deir al-Balah mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_attacks" title="19 October 2024 Beit Lahia attacks">Beit Lahia attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_airstrike" title="29 October 2024 Beit Lahia airstrike">Beit Lahia airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Shalom_aid_convoy_looting" title="Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting">Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI-assisted_targeting_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="AI-assisted targeting in the Gaza Strip">AI-assisted targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip">Bombing of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_generals%27_plan" title="Israeli generals' plan">Israeli generals' plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Torture during the Israel–Hamas war">Torture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)">Other theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_the_West_Bank_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli incursions in the West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_military_operation_in_the_West_Bank" title="2024 Israeli military operation in the West Bank">2024 Israeli military operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Benjamin_Achimeir" title="Killing of Benjamin Achimeir">Killing of Benjamin Achimeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_settler_rampages" title="April 2024 Israeli settler rampages">April 2024 Israeli settler rampages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_Street_bombing" title="Lehi Street bombing">Lehi Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Givat_Shaul_shooting" title="2023 Givat Shaul shooting">Givat Shaul shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams_attack" title="Majdal Shams attack">Majdal Shams attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_22_drone_attack" title="Tower 22 drone attack">Tower 22 drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_Tulkarm" title="Israeli incursions in Tulkarm">Israeli incursions in Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Masyaf_raid" title="2024 Masyaf raid">2024 Masyaf raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Jaffa_shooting" title="2024 Jaffa shooting">2024 Jaffa shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tulkarm_Camp_airstrike" title="2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike">2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2024 Iran–Israel conflict">Iran–Israel conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrike_on_the_Iranian_consulate_in_Damascus" title="Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus">Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus</a></li> <li>Iranian strikes in Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">October 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israeli strikes on Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">October 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh">Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_journalists_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on journalists during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Attacks on journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_displacement_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict" title="Lebanese displacement during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict">Lebanese displacement</a></li> <li>Assassinations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hezbollah_headquarters_strike" title="2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike">Hezbollah headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_September_2024_Beirut_attack" title="20 September 2024 Beirut attack">Ibrahim Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Fuad_Shukr" title="Assassination of Fuad Shukr">Assassination of Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Nabatieh_attack" title="August 2024 Nabatieh attack">August 2024 Nabatieh attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_strikes" title="August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes">August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_electronic_device_attacks" title="2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks">2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Israeli_attacks_against_Lebanon" title="September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon">September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon">Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_ceasefire_agreement" title="2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement">ceasefire</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Red_Sea_crisis" title="Timeline of the Red Sea crisis">Timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Maersk_Hangzhou" title="Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou">Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_missile_strikes_in_Yemen" title="2024 missile strikes in Yemen">2024 missile strikes in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Luanda_missile_strike" title="Marlin Luanda missile strike">Marlin Luanda missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Houthi_drone_attack_on_Israel" title="2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel">2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_2024_Israeli_attack_on_Yemen" title="20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen">Israeli attack on Yemen (July 2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_Sounion" title="Attacks on the Sounion">Attacks on the Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_September_2024_Israeli_attacks_on_Yemen" title="29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen">Israeli attacks on Yemen (September 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_hostage_crisis" title="Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis">Hostages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_prisoner_exchange" title="Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange">Hostage–prisoner exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_from_Israel" title="Kidnapped from Israel">Kidnapped from Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostages_and_Missing_Families_Forum" title="Hostages and Missing Families Forum">Hostages and Missing Families Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostages_Square" title="Hostages Square">Hostages Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Captive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_the_Bibas_family" title="Kidnapping of the Bibas family">Bibas family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_Lifshitz" title="Oded Lifshitz">Oded Lifshitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Naama_Levy" title="Kidnapping of Naama Levy">Naama Levy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Rescued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Golden_Hand" title="Operation Golden Hand">Operation Golden Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Ori_Megidish" title="Rescue of Ori Megidish"> Ori Megidish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nuseirat_rescue_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Nuseirat rescue operation">Nuseirat operation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Noa_Argamani" title="Kidnapping of Noa Argamani">Noa Argamani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Qaid_Farhan_Al-Qadi" title="Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi">Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Released</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Edry_hostage_situation" title="Rachel Edry hostage situation">Rachel Edry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Yarden_Roman-Gat" title="Kidnapping of Yarden Roman-Gat">Yarden Roman-Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Mia_Schem" title="Kidnapping of Mia Schem">Mia Schem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Deceased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Dancyg" title="Alex Dancyg">Alex Dancyg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_and_killing_of_Hersh_Goldberg-Polin" title="Kidnapping and killing of Hersh Goldberg-Polin">Hersh Goldberg-Polin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alon_Shamriz,_Yotam_Haim,_and_Samer_Talalka" title="Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka">Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefire" title="2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire">Ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinator_of_Government_Activities_in_the_Territories" title="Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories">COGAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahiya_doctrine" title="Dahiya doctrine">Dahiya doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_on_children_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Effect of the Israel–Hamas war on children in the Gaza Strip">Effect on children in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Directive" title="Hannibal Directive">Hannibal Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interrogation_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Interrogation in the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli interrogations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_advocacy_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Queer advocacy in the Israel–Hamas war">Queer advocacy in the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Women in the Israel–Hamas war">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict#Israel–Hamas_war" title="Wikipedia and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Historical context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">International law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Background to the Israel–Hamas war">Background to the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_freedom_of_movement" title="Palestinian freedom of movement">Palestinian freedom of movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_Israeli_attacks_on_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip">Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_shields_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Human shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_demolition_of_Palestinian_property" title="Israeli demolition of Palestinian property">Israeli demolition of Palestinian property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_Israeli_settlements" title="Legality of Israeli settlements">Legality of Israeli settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_outpost" title="Israeli outpost">Israeli outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">Israeli settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip">Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2023" title="List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2023">Palestinian rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_tunnel_warfare_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip">Palestinian tunnel warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tunnel_barrier_along_the_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_border" title="Anti-tunnel barrier along the Gaza–Israel border">anti-tunnel barrier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing_by_Israel" title="Targeted killing by Israel">Israeli assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Women in the Israel–Hamas war">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of the Israel–Hamas war">Effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel" title="Calls for the destruction of Israel">Calls for the destruction of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_government_response_to_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Israeli government response to the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Israeli government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">Israeli war cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Mass detentions in the Israel–Hamas war">Mass detentions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Economic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Environment impact in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Evacuations during the Israel–Hamas war">Evacuations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">Gaza Strip evacuations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_floating_pier" title="Gaza floating pier">Gaza floating pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_Strip_healthcare_collapse" title="Timeline of the Gaza Strip healthcare collapse">Healthcare collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Gaza_Strip_preterm_births" title="2023–2024 Gaza Strip preterm births">Premature baby crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_breakdown_in_the_Gaza_Strip_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war">Societal breakdown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_public_diplomacy_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli public diplomacy in the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli public diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Media coverage of the Israel–Hamas war">Media coverage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_journalists_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war">Violence against journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war">Misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallywood" title="Pallywood">Pallywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">United States complicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_against_Palestinians_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Israel–Hamas war">Sexual violence against Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_war_crimes" title="Hamas war crimes">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_razing_of_cemeteries_and_necroviolence_against_Palestinians" title="Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians">Cemetery destruction and necroviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_torture_in_the_occupied_territories" title="Israeli torture in the occupied territories">Israeli torture in the occupied territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of Gaza</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="International reactions to the Israel–Hamas war">Reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calls_for_a_ceasefire_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Calls for a ceasefire during the Israel–Hamas war">Calls for a ceasefire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-phase_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_ceasefire_proposal" title="Three-phase Israel–Hamas war ceasefire proposal">Three-phase proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Israel_hostage_deal_protests" title="September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests">September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Diplomatic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Diplomatic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_donors_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="University donors during the Israel–Hamas war">University donors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_reactions_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="European Union reactions to the Israel–Hamas war">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Islamic Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurmat-e-Masjid_Aqsa_Conference" title="Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference">Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="2023 MTV Europe Music Awards">Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beijing_Declaration" title="2024 Beijing Declaration">2024 Beijing Declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Israel_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of military aid to Israel during the Israel–Hamas war">Military aid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">US support for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United Kingdom support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">UK support for Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discrimination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war">Antisemitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_antisemitic_riots_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="2023 antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus">Riots in the North Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Anti-Palestinianism during the Israel–Hamas war">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Islamophobia during the Israel–Hamas war">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_incidents_in_reaction_to_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Violent incidents in reaction to the Israel–Hamas war">Violent incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Wadea_al-Fayoume" title="Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume">Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Paul_Kessler" title="Death of Paul Kessler">Death of Paul Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_shooting_of_Palestinian_students_in_Burlington,_Vermont" title="2023 shooting of Palestinian students in Burlington, Vermont">Vermont student shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests" title="Israel–Hamas war protests">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University campuses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupations" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupations">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sciences_Po_pro-Palestinian_occupation_protest" title="2024 Sciences Po pro-Palestinian occupation protest">Sciences Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" title="2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation">UCLA</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_for_the_Republic_and_Against_Antisemitism" title="March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism">March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bitung_clashes" title="2023 Bitung clashes">2023 Bitung clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_Israel" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_aid_delivery_to_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli blockade of aid delivery to the Gaza Strip">Humanitarian aid blockade</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_pro-Palestinian_strike_in_Spain" title="September 2024 pro-Palestinian strike in Spain">2024 pro-Palestinian strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests_in_the_United_States" title="Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists4Ceasefire" title="Artists4Ceasefire">Artists4Ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Democratic_National_Committee_protests" title="2023 Democratic National Committee protests">DNC protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Gaza" title="March on Washington for Gaza">March on Washington for Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Israel" title="March for Israel">March for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_March_on_Washington:_Free_Palestine" title="National March on Washington: Free Palestine">National March on Washington: Free Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">Protest votes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-immolation_of_Aaron_Bushnell" title="Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell">Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D-Chowk_Dharna" title="D-Chowk Dharna">D-Chowk Dharna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Faizabad_sit-in" title="2024 Faizabad sit-in">2024 Faizabad sit-in</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/21" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/21">A/RES/ES-10/21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2712" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2712">S/RES/2712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/22" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/22">A/RES/ES-10/22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2720" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2720">S/RES/2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2728" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2728">S/RES/2728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/23" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/23">A/RES/ES-10/23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2735" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2735">S/RES/2735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories#UN_General_Assembly_resolution" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">A/RES/ES-10/24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN inquiry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory">Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war#Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory_report" title="Diplomatic impact of the Israel–Hamas war">War crimes and crimes against humanity report</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">ICC investigation in Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International_%E2%80%93_Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" title="Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International – Palestine v. Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Casualties of the Israel–Hamas war">Casualties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alim_Abdallah" title="Alim Abdallah">Alim Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Bashat" title="Yitzhak Ben-Bashat">Yitzhak Ben-Bashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayar_Davidov" title="Jayar Davidov">Jayar Davidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Ginsberg" title="Eli Ginsberg">Eli Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Habaka" title="Salman Habaka">Salman Habaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Hamami" title="Asaf Hamami">Asaf Hamami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhar_Hofman" title="Yitzhar Hofman">Yitzhar Hofman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roi_Levy" title="Roi Levy">Roi Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhar_Peled" title="Izhar Peled">Izhar Peled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Steinberg" title="Yonatan Steinberg">Yonatan Steinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Daxa" title="Ehsan Daxa">Ehsan Daxa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lior_Asulin" title="Lior Asulin">Lior Asulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Yuval_Castleman" title="Killing of Yuval Castleman">Yuval Castleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayim_Katsman" title="Hayim Katsman">Hayim Katsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Libstein" title="Ofir Libstein">Ofir Libstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shani_Louk" title="Killing of Shani Louk">Shani Louk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Aner_Shapira" title="Death of Aner Shapira">Aner Shapira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Silver" title="Vivian Silver">Vivian Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahav_Winner" title="Yahav Winner">Yahav Winner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hamas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Dukhan" title="Abdul Fatah Dukhan">Abdul Fatah Dukhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dababish" title="Mohammed Dababish">Mohammed Dababish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissam_Farhat" title="Wissam Farhat">Wissam Farhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ghandour_(militant)" title="Ahmed Ghandour (militant)">Ahmed Ghandour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Issa" title="Marwan Issa">Marwan Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursan_Khalifa" title="Fursan Khalifa">Fursan Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafa_Salama" title="Rafa Salama">Rafa Salama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_Mazini" title="Osama Mazini">Osama Mazini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nofal" title="Ayman Nofal">Ayman Nofal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamila_Abdallah_Taha_al-Shanti" title="Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti">Jamila al-Shanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Al_Qadi" title="Ali Al Qadi">Ali Al Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaa_Shreiteh" title="Alaa Shreiteh">Alaa Shreiteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiq_Al-Mabhouh" title="Faiq Al-Mabhouh">Faiq Al-Mabhouh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other militants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fouad_Abu_Butihan" title="Fouad Abu Butihan">Fouad Abu Butihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Shehadeh" title="Jihad Shehadeh">Jihad Shehadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tawfic_Abdel_Jabbar" title="Killing of Tawfic Abdel Jabbar">Tawfic Abdel Jabbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majed_Abu_Maraheel" title="Majed Abu Maraheel">Majed Abu Maraheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiba_Abu_Nada" title="Hiba Abu Nada">Hiba Abu Nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refaat_Alareer" title="Refaat Alareer">Refaat Alareer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammam_Alloh" title="Hammam Alloh">Hammam Alloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nahida_and_Samar_Anton" title="Killing of Nahida and Samar Anton">Nahida and Samar Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Astal" title="Ibrahim al-Astal">Ibrahim al-Astal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Bahar_(Palestinian_politician)" title="Ahmad Bahar (Palestinian politician)">Ahmad Bahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Barakat_(footballer)" title="Mohammed Barakat (footballer)">Mohammed Barakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mohammad_Bhar" title="Killing of Mohammad Bhar">Mohammad Bhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_Ben_Avraham" title="Killing of David Ben Avraham">David Ben Avraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Bursh" title="Adnan al-Bursh">Adnan al-Bursh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Dabour" title="Rashid Dabour">Rashid Dabour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Dalou" title="Mohamed al-Dalou">Mohamed al-Dalou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awni_El-Dous" title="Awni El-Dous">Awni El-Dous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ferwana" title="Omar Ferwana">Omar Ferwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Ghaben" title="Fathi Ghaben">Fathi Ghaben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihab_al-Ghussein" title="Ihab al-Ghussein">Ihab al-Ghussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medo_Halimy" title="Medo Halimy">Medo Halimy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sidra_Hassouna" title="Killing of Sidra Hassouna">Sidra Hassouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Yazan_al-Kafarneh" title="Death of Yazan al-Kafarneh">Yazan al-Kafarneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mohammad_Khdour" title="Killing of Mohammad Khdour">Mohammad Khdour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_Al-Masdar" title="Hani Al-Masdar">Hani Al-Masdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qusaya" title="Ibrahim Qusaya">Ibrahim Qusaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Hind_Rajab" title="Killing of Hind Rajab">Hind Rajab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shabir" title="Mohammed Shabir">Mohammed Shabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Abu_Sakhila" title="Rashad Abu Sakhila">Rashad Abu Sakhila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abu_Shawish" title="Omar Abu Shawish">Omar Abu Shawish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufian_Tayeh" title="Sufian Tayeh">Sufian Tayeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Al_Zard" title="Wael Al Zard">Wael Al Zard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talal_Abu_Zarifa" title="Talal Abu Zarifa">Talal Abu Zarifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shaban_al-Dalou" title="Killing of Shaban al-Dalou">Shaban al-Dalou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasen_al-Khateeb" title="Mahasen al-Khateeb">Mahasen al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagham_Abu_Samra" title="Nagham Abu Samra">Nagham Abu Samra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spillover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hussein_Barji" title="Ali Hussein Barji">Ali Hussein Barji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waibhav_Anil_Kale" title="Waibhav Anil Kale">Waibhav Anil Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Mousavi" title="Razi Mousavi">Razi Mousavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissam_al-Tawil" title="Wissam al-Tawil">Wissam al-Tawil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadegh_Omidzadeh" title="Sadegh Omidzadeh">Sadegh Omidzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushtaq_Talib_Al-Saeedi" title="Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi">Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Zahedi" title="Mohammad Reza Zahedi">Mohammad Reza Zahedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Shukr" title="Fuad Shukr">Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Aqil" title="Ibrahim Aqil">Ibrahim Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Karaki" title="Ali Karaki">Ali Karaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabil_Qaouk" title="Nabil Qaouk">Nabil Qaouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Nilforoushan" title="Abbas Nilforoushan">Abbas Nilforoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Sharif" title="Fatah Sharif">Fatah Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashem_Safieddine" title="Hashem Safieddine">Hashem Safieddine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Afif" title="Mohammad Afif">Mohammad Afif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war">Journalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abdallah" title="Issam Abdallah">Issam Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samer_Abu_Daqqa" title="Samer Abu Daqqa">Samer Abu Daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ismail_al-Ghoul" title="Killing of Ismail al-Ghoul">Ismail al-Ghoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belal_Jadallah" title="Belal Jadallah">Belal Jadallah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Friendly fire during the Israel–Hamas war">Friendly fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Israelis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Aloni" title="Nimrod Aloni">Nimrod Aloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Goldberg-Polin" title="Rachel Goldberg-Polin">Rachel Goldberg-Polin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitan_Okun" title="Eitan Okun">Eitan Okun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagel_Oshri" title="Yagel Oshri">Yagel Oshri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbal_Rabin-Lieberman" title="Inbal Rabin-Lieberman">Inbal Rabin-Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Tibon" title="Amir Tibon">Amir Tibon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Palestinians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Al-Dahdouh" title="Wael Al-Dahdouh">Wael Al-Dahdouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plestia_Alaqad" title="Plestia Alaqad">Plestia Alaqad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motaz_Azaiza" title="Motaz Azaiza">Motaz Azaiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisan_Owda" title="Bisan Owda">Bisan Owda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Moien_Ayyash" title="Mustafa Moien Ayyash">Mustafa Moien Ayyash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_secret_document_leak_scandal" title="2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal">2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdel_Khalek" title="Ahmed Abdel Khalek">Ahmed Abdel Khalek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saqqa_House" title="Al-Saqqa House">Al-Saqqa House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qarara_Cultural_Museum" title="Al Qarara Cultural Museum">Al Qarara Cultural Museum</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Eyes_on_Rafah" title="All Eyes on Rafah">All Eyes on Rafah</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq,_Jordan,_and_Syria_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockout_2024" title="Blockout 2024">Blockout 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Archives_of_Gaza_City" title="Central Archives of Gaza City">Central Archives of Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_Witness_(2023_film)" title="Bearing Witness (2023 film)">Bearing Witness</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/From_the_river_to_the_sea" title="From the river to the sea">From the river to the sea</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Daily" title="Gaza Daily">Gaza Daily</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Harbu_Darbu" title="Harbu Darbu">Harbu Darbu</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hind%27s_Hall" title="Hind's Hall">Hind's Hall</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hurricane_(Eden_Golan_song)" title="Hurricane (Eden Golan song)">Hurricane</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_demolition_of_Palestinian_property" title="Israeli demolition of Palestinian property">Israeli demolition of Palestinian property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_exception" title="Palestine exception">Palestine exception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_sports_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Options_for_a_policy_regarding_Gaza%27s_civilian_population" title="Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population">Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Nimbus" title="Project Nimbus">Project Nimbus</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rajieen" title="Rajieen">Rajieen</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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