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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Bell_(governor)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Bell (governor)">Philip Bell (governor)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Philip Bell</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Governor of Bermuda</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1626–1629</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Captain <a href="/wiki/Henry_Woodhouse_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Woodhouse (governor)">Henry Woodhouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Captain <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wood_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Wood (governor)">Roger Wood</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Governor of <a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island colony</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1629–1636</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunt_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Hunt (governor)">Robert Hunt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Barbados">Governor of Barbados</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1640–1650</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Huncks" title="Henry Huncks">Henry Huncks</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Willoughby,_5th_Baron_Willoughby_of_Parham" title="Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham">Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">19 June 1590<br />Norfolk, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 March 1678<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1678-03-04</span>)</span> (aged 87)<br />Norfolk, England</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Philip Bell</b> (19 June 1590 – 3 March 1678) was Governor of <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> from 1626 to 1629, of the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island colony</a> from 1629 to 1636, and of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> from 1640 to 1650 during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell200713_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellBell200713-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his terms of office in Providence and Barbados, the colonies moved from using indentured English workers to slaves imported from West Africa. The Providence Island colony, despite its <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">puritan</a> ideals, became a haven for privateers attacking ships in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Main" title="Spanish Main">Spanish Main</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Bell_(colonial_administrator)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaupre_Hall_Outwell_Norfolk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Beaupre_Hall_Outwell_Norfolk.jpg/240px-Beaupre_Hall_Outwell_Norfolk.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Beaupre_Hall_Outwell_Norfolk.jpg/360px-Beaupre_Hall_Outwell_Norfolk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Beaupre_Hall_Outwell_Norfolk.jpg/480px-Beaupre_Hall_Outwell_Norfolk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="2352" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beaupr%C3%A9_Hall" title="Beaupré Hall">Beaupré Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outwell" title="Outwell">Outwell</a>, Norfolk, family home of the Bell's</figcaption></figure> <p>Philip Bell came from the family of Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bell_(Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bell (Speaker of the House of Commons)">Robert Bell</a>, a prominent politician under Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a> who died in 1577. <a href="/wiki/Karen_Ordahl_Kupperman" title="Karen Ordahl Kupperman">Karen Ordahl Kupperman</a>, author of a carefully researched book on the Providence Island colony, of which he was the first governor, says he was son of Sir Robert's sixth child, Sir Edmund Bell (1562–1608).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupperman199561_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupperman199561-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If so, he was born on 19 June 1590, either in <a href="/wiki/South_Acre" title="South Acre">South Acre</a>, Norfolk or in <a href="/wiki/Beaupr%C3%A9_Hall" title="Beaupré Hall">Beaupré Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outwell" title="Outwell">Outwell</a>, Norfolk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell2007118_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellBell2007118-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother was Anne Osborne, daughter of Sir Peter Osbourne, the Treasurer's Remembrancer in the Exchequer. Several of his siblings became involved with the Virginia colony.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell20077_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellBell20077-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bermuda">Bermuda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Bell_(colonial_administrator)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bermuda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg/240px-Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg/360px-Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg/480px-Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="1781" /></a><figcaption>Somers Isles, now called <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bermuda, originally called the Somers Isles, is a small group of islands in the mid-Atlantic. The <a href="/wiki/Somers_Isles_Company" title="Somers Isles Company">Somers Isles Company</a> owned the islands, and arranged for settlement by Englishmen who planted tobacco. There was very limited available land, the soil was poor and the climate unfavorable. The planters' problems were compounded by squabbles between the Warwick and Sandys factions of the company. </p><p>Captain Philip Bell reached Bermuda late in 1626 or early in 1627.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008151_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008151-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bell belonged to the Warwick faction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He found his predecessor, Captain Henry Woodhouse, facing an attack by the Bermuda assembly for misgovernment. Bell advised Woodhouse to leave as soon as possible, but Woodhouse refused and was censured and fined, then thrown in prison when he refused to apologise. Bell, from a privileged background, resented the high status of merchants on the island. He complained of needing "to live in such a slavishe subjectione to such meane & base minded men as the citizen part of the Companye are & doe showe themselves."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008151_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008151-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As governor, Bell was entitled to 32 servants, of whom 24 were to work the 12 shares of land that were assigned to him. Although some were black, they were not necessarily slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199941_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard199941-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1629 Bell wrote pessimistically </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And as for this island, the strength and work of the land so much decrease and decay that in a short time it will be of very small value or profit, especially as so much tobacco now being planted and being brought home of better quality and from richer climates and plantations, and I make a question whether this will shortly be worth anything at all.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Bell fell out with some of the other settlers in Bermuda. In a letter to Sir <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Rich_(merchant_adventurer)" title="Nathaniel Rich (merchant adventurer)">Nathaniel Rich</a> dated 28 April 1629, Bell protested about having been blamed for the unrest by the Somers Island Company in England without having been given the opportunity to defend himself. He said the ringleader of the unrest was Stephen Painter, whom he described as a man of "Luciferian Pride", and said the contention arose because Bell would not "suffer the conclusions of the General Assembly and the general equity of the whole land to give place to PAINTER's proud and licentious humour." Bell said that he had resolved to move from the island, and to settle wherever his father in law <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Elfreth" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Elfreth">Daniel Elfreth</a> went. In 1629, Bell left Bermuda and became governor of the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer194211_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer194211-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by Captain Roger Wood, who governed from 1629 to 1637.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Providence">Providence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Bell_(colonial_administrator)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Providence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Caribbean-IMG_5973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Map_of_Caribbean-IMG_5973.jpg/240px-Map_of_Caribbean-IMG_5973.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Map_of_Caribbean-IMG_5973.jpg/360px-Map_of_Caribbean-IMG_5973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Map_of_Caribbean-IMG_5973.jpg/480px-Map_of_Caribbean-IMG_5973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>Caribbean sea. Sta. Catalina (Providence Island) is in the west, off the coast of what is now Nicaragua, to the north of S. Andreas</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1628 two ships funded by the puritan <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rich,_2nd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick">Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick</a>, explored the western Caribbean and discovered the <a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_(island)" title="San Andrés (island)">San Andrés</a> and <a href="/wiki/Providencia_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Providencia Island">Santa Catalina</a> islands. Captain <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Elfrith" title="Daniel Elfrith">Daniel Elfrith</a>, Bell's father-in-law, sailed to Bermuda where he told Bell of their findings. In March 1629, Bell wrote to his cousin Sir <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Rich_(merchant_adventurer)" title="Nathaniel Rich (merchant adventurer)">Nathaniel Rich</a> announcing the discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffen2011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffen2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bell's letter described Santa Catalina as "lying in the heart of the Indies & the mouth of the Spaniards." Thus it was an excellent base for privateering against the Spanish ships. Bell considered that the island would also provide excellent revenue from tobacco and other crops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupperman199526_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupperman199526-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bell's letter led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_Company" title="Providence Island Company">Providence Island Company</a> to organize the settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffen2011_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffen2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bell took several Bermudans with him to Providence in 1629, including whites and blacks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199935_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard199935-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1630 the Company decided that Bell would succeed Elfrith as the governor of the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColdham198793_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColdham198793-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first Bell lived alone on the island, but when he threatened to resign the Providence Island Company arranged to ship out his wife to encourage him to stay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008173_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008173-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an exception. Until 1635 the Company discouraged planters from bringing their families.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames199949_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames199949-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company forbade swearing, drunkenness or profaning the Sabbath and warned against the evils of idleness. Bell was instructed to seize and destroy "cards and Dice and Tables" that had been sent to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames199996_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames199996-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite or because of this, there were intense disputes among the occupants of the island throughout the life of the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupperman1993240–241_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupperman1993240–241-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the original plan had been to grow tobacco, there was a glut on the market. The directors tried to encourage the planters to grow crops such as silk grass, cotton, sugar cane, pomegranates, figs or juniper berries. However, despite a collapse in prices in 1634, the planters persisted in growing tobacco.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodman1994180_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodman1994180-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labor on Providence island was originally undertaken by indentured servants from England, although Bell brought some black slaves from Bermuda. Around 1634–1635 the four-year terms of the indentured servants expired, and planters demanded the right to use slaves in their place. One colonist spoke out against this practice, saying that Christians should not hold slaves. Bell silenced this man on instructions from the company, so he could not stir up the slaves against their masters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008176_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008176-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the English arrived, they found a small group of Dutch privateers living there. Later, Elfrith invited the privateer <a href="/wiki/Diego_el_Mulato" title="Diego el Mulato">Diego el Mulato</a> to the island. The settlers were alarmed that the presence of these men would draw Spanish retaliation, and in 1632 they were near mutiny, led by their chaplain, Lewis Morgan. At the same time, they resented having to contribute to building and manning the defenses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatimer200983_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatimer200983-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish sent an expedition that reached the island in July 1635, but their attack was ineffectual.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatimer200985-86_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatimer200985-86-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Spanish attack, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Letters_of_marque" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters of marque">letters of marque</a> to the Providence Island Company on 21 December 1635 that authorized raids on the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatimer200986_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatimer200986-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1636 the Company dispatched Captain Robert Hunt on the <i>Blessing</i> to assume the governorship of what was now viewed as a base for privateering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatimer200983_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatimer200983-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bell was replaced as governor in 1636, and left the island in 1637.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008175_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008175-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barbados">Barbados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Bell_(colonial_administrator)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Barbados"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Antilles_Islands_-_Geographicus_-_IslesAntilles-bonne-1780.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Antilles_Islands_-_Geographicus_-_IslesAntilles-bonne-1780.jpg/240px-1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Antilles_Islands_-_Geographicus_-_IslesAntilles-bonne-1780.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Antilles_Islands_-_Geographicus_-_IslesAntilles-bonne-1780.jpg/360px-1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Antilles_Islands_-_Geographicus_-_IslesAntilles-bonne-1780.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Antilles_Islands_-_Geographicus_-_IslesAntilles-bonne-1780.jpg/480px-1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Antilles_Islands_-_Geographicus_-_IslesAntilles-bonne-1780.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Antilles. <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> is the farthest island to the east, on the edge of the chart.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1640, Bell led a group of settlers to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>. By 1641 he was on Barbados as governor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008175_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008175-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed by <a href="/wiki/James_Hay,_2nd_Earl_of_Carlisle" title="James Hay, 2nd Earl of Carlisle">James Hay, 2nd Earl of Carlisle</a>, who owned the island, with the approved of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rich,_2nd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick">Lord Warwick</a> and the Committee of Trade and Plantations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island had been settled in 1627 by a group of Englishmen hoping to develop tobacco plantations, but the leaf turned out to be poor quality. They then tried cotton, ginger and indigo, but none of these crops were very successful. In the mid-1640s the settler <a href="/wiki/James_Drax" title="James Drax">James Drax</a> tried sugar, struggling at first to master the complex production process. By the end of the 1640s the difficulties had been solved. Prices were extremely high, and the island became "one of the richest spots of earth under the sun". Originally the labor force was provided by poor whites, but the planters found that Africans slaves worked harder, cost less and were better able to tolerate the climate. By 1650 the island had 6,000 black slaves and 24,000 whites.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bell made a number of administrative reforms. He completed organization of the court system and the parish governments. He made the island's assembly a legal body, consisting of the leading residents, with the power to pass legislation. The land grant act by his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hawley_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hawley (governor)">Henry Hawley</a> was confirmed, as were existing property rights, and proprietary dues were abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bell passed an act directed against radical puritans in Barbados, suppressing "certayne sects and separatists." These people, with "erroneous opinions", were ordered to cease meeting in private and attempting to seduce others to their views, but to conform to public Anglican worship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames1999134_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames1999134-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barbados remained neutral for most of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, which broke out in 1642 after a long period of growing hostility between the king and parliament. Exiles from both sides avoided conflict as they ran their plantations and trading operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bell wrote in 1645 that, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>it pleased god so to unite all their minds and harts together, that every parish declared themselves resolutely for the maintenance of their peace and present government; and to admit of noe alterationes or new commissiones from either side ... for against the kinge we are resolved never to be, and without the freindeshipe of the perliament and free trade of London ships we are not able to subsist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>As the tide turned in favor of the parliamentarians, increasing numbers of royalist refugees arrived in the island. King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> was executed in January 1649, and the truce between the two sides on the island began to break down. Philip Bell favored neutrality. He published a declaration on 29 April 1650 saying "... no man should take up Armes, nor act in any hostile manner upon paine of death." On 30 April, the leaders of the Royalist faction persuaded two militia leaders to raise their men. Bell ordered them to disband, but they refused. Bell called on James Drax to raise a force to keep the peace, but he was unable to gather enough men to present a credible challenge to the royalists, who were marching on <a href="/wiki/Bridgetown" title="Bridgetown">Bridgetown</a>. Bell was forced to concede control of the arsenal and of his own person to the Cavaliers. The Roundheads were disarmed and punished. A declaration of loyalty to <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> was published on 3 May 1650.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Francis_Willoughby,_5th_Baron_Willoughby_of_Parham" title="Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham">Francis, Lord Willoughby</a>, arrived at the end of July 1650. Charles II had appointed him as the new Governor of the "Caribbee Isles", and he took over from Bell.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip Bell died in England in 1678 and was buried at Outwell, Norfolk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowardCrisp1997108-109_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowardCrisp1997108-109-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Bell_(colonial_administrator)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other sources give different ancestry. One says Philip was the old Sir Robert's son by his third wife (Edmund's brother). This Philip Bell was born on 14 June 1574 in <a href="/wiki/Beaupr%C3%A9_Hall" title="Beaupré Hall">Beaupré Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Outwell" title="Outwell">Outwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell200713_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellBell200713-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another source says that he was the son of Sir Edmund's son, Sir Robert Bell, and Mary Chester (1590–1656), daughter of Sir Anthony Chester. This Sir Robert Bell was knighted in 1613, elected Member of Parliament for Norfolk on 26 January 1626, and died in October 1639.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowardCrisp1997108-109_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowardCrisp1997108-109-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Mary Chester in 1610.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell2007118_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellBell2007118-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellBell200713-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell200713_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell200713_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBellBell2007">Bell & Bell 2007</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupperman199561-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupperman199561_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKupperman1995">Kupperman 1995</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowardCrisp1997108-109-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowardCrisp1997108-109_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowardCrisp1997108-109_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHowardCrisp1997">Howard & Crisp 1997</a>, p. 108-109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellBell2007118-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell2007118_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell2007118_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBellBell2007">Bell & Bell 2007</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellBell20077-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellBell20077_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBellBell2007">Bell & Bell 2007</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008151-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008151_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008151_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGames2008">Games 2008</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199934_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBernhard1999">Bernhard 1999</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard199941-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199941_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBernhard1999">Bernhard 1999</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer194211-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer194211_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMercer1942">Mercer 1942</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffen2011-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffen2011_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffen2011_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOffen2011">Offen 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupperman199526-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupperman199526_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKupperman1995">Kupperman 1995</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard199935-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard199935_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBernhard1999">Bernhard 1999</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColdham198793-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColdham198793_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColdham1987">Coldham 1987</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008173-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008173_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGames2008">Games 2008</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames199949-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames199949_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGames1999">Games 1999</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames199996-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames199996_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGames1999">Games 1999</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupperman1993240–241-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupperman1993240–241_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKupperman1993">Kupperman 1993</a>, pp. 240–241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodman1994180-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodman1994180_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodman1994">Goodman 1994</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008176-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008176_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGames2008">Games 2008</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELatimer200983-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatimer200983_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatimer200983_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLatimer2009">Latimer 2009</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELatimer200985-86-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatimer200985-86_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLatimer2009">Latimer 2009</a>, p. 85-86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELatimer200986-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatimer200986_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLatimer2009">Latimer 2009</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames2008175-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008175_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames2008175_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGames2008">Games 2008</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrewer1996504_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrewer1996">Brewer 1996</a>, p. 504.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2011">Parker 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGames1999134-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGames1999134_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGames1999">Games 1999</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>References</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBellBell2007" class="citation book cs1">Bell, James Elton; Bell, Frances Jean (31 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AXdzoxq2NX8C&pg=PA13"><i>Sir Robert Bell and His Early Virginia Colony Descendants: A Compilation of 16th, 17th, and 18th Century English and Scottish Families with the Surname Bell, Beale, Le Bel ... Et Al</i></a>. Wheatmark, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58736-747-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58736-747-2"><bdi>978-1-58736-747-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Robert+Bell+and+His+Early+Virginia+Colony+Descendants%3A+A+Compilation+of+16th%2C+17th%2C+and+18th+Century+English+and+Scottish+Families+with+the+Surname+Bell%2C+Beale%2C+Le+Bel+...+Et+Al&rft.pub=Wheatmark%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007-01-31&rft.isbn=978-1-58736-747-2&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=James+Elton&rft.au=Bell%2C+Frances+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAXdzoxq2NX8C%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernhard1999" class="citation book cs1">Bernhard, Virginia (1999-10-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lpv6uT4k47kC&pg=PA34"><i>Slaves and Slaveholders in Bermuda, 1616–1782</i></a>. University of Missouri Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1227-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1227-6"><bdi>978-0-8262-1227-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slaves+and+Slaveholders+in+Bermuda%2C+1616%E2%80%931782&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=1999-10-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8262-1227-6&rft.aulast=Bernhard&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlpv6uT4k47kC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewer1996" class="citation book cs1">Brewer, John (1996-09-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wV87AG6Pb3UC&pg=PA504"><i>Early Modern Conceptions of Property</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-15314-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-15314-0"><bdi>978-0-415-15314-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+Conceptions+of+Property&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1996-09-20&rft.isbn=978-0-415-15314-0&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwV87AG6Pb3UC%26pg%3DPA504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColdham1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wilson_Coldham" title="Peter Wilson Coldham">Coldham, Peter Wilson</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWDV4Fk7TmAC&pg=PA93"><i>The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607–1660</i></a>. Genealogical Publishing Com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-1192-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-1192-0"><bdi>978-0-8063-1192-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+Emigrants%3A+1607%E2%80%931660&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Com&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8063-1192-0&rft.aulast=Coldham&rft.aufirst=Peter+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWDV4Fk7TmAC%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGames1999" class="citation book cs1">Games, Alison (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kFWBQbCMMZUC&pg=PA27"><i>Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-57381-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-57381-9"><bdi>978-0-674-57381-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Migration+and+the+Origins+of+the+English+Atlantic+World&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-674-57381-9&rft.aulast=Games&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkFWBQbCMMZUC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGames2008" class="citation book cs1">Games, Alison (2008-07-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nDV0lgi9U7oC&pg=PA151"><i>The Web of Empire: English Cosmopolitans in an Age of Expansion, 1560–1660</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533554-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533554-5"><bdi>978-0-19-533554-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-11669-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-11669-5"><bdi>978-0-415-11669-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tobacco+in+History&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1994-12-21&rft.isbn=978-0-415-11669-5&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB7KmcMnG11kC%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowardCrisp1997" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Joseph J.; Crisp, Frederick A. (1997-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8L4JB9GzSokC&pg=PA108"><i>Visitation of England and Wales Notes, 1903</i></a>. Heritage Books. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7884-0702-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7884-0702-4"><bdi>978-0-7884-0702-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visitation+of+England+and+Wales+Notes%2C+1903&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Heritage+Books&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7884-0702-4&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Joseph+J.&rft.au=Crisp%2C+Frederick+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8L4JB9GzSokC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKupperman1993" class="citation book cs1">Kupperman, Karen Ordahl (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-9m2UTFCGkC&pg=PA242">"A Puritan Colony in the Tropics: Providence Island, 1630–1641"</a>. <i>Settlements in the Americas: Cross-Cultural Perspectives</i>. University of Delaware Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87413-411-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87413-411-7"><bdi>978-0-87413-411-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Puritan+Colony+in+the+Tropics%3A+Providence+Island%2C+1630%E2%80%931641&rft.btitle=Settlements+in+the+Americas%3A+Cross-Cultural+Perspectives&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-87413-411-7&rft.aulast=Kupperman&rft.aufirst=Karen+Ordahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ-9m2UTFCGkC%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKupperman1995" class="citation book cs1">Kupperman, Karen Ordahl (1995-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8VeBfmljS5UC&pg=PA1"><i>Providence Island, 1630–1641: The Other Puritan Colony</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55835-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55835-8"><bdi>978-0-521-55835-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Providence+Island%2C+1630%E2%80%931641%3A+The+Other+Puritan+Colony&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995-06-30&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55835-8&rft.aulast=Kupperman&rft.aufirst=Karen+Ordahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8VeBfmljS5UC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatimer2009" class="citation book cs1">Latimer, Jon (2009-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_ouD5zPZL8C&pg=PA84"><i>Buccaneers of the Caribbean: How Piracy Forged an Empire</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03403-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03403-7"><bdi>978-0-674-03403-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buccaneers+of+the+Caribbean%3A+How+Piracy+Forged+an+Empire&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03403-7&rft.aulast=Latimer&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP_ouD5zPZL8C%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercer1942" class="citation book cs1">Mercer, Julia E. (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y_MRB6Ze1FUC&pg=PA11"><i>Bermuda Settlers of the 17th Century: Genealogical Notes from Bermuda</i></a>. Genealogical Publishing Com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-0987-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-0987-3"><bdi>978-0-8063-0987-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bermuda+Settlers+of+the+17th+Century%3A+Genealogical+Notes+from+Bermuda&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Com&rft.date=1942&rft.isbn=978-0-8063-0987-3&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=Julia+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy_MRB6Ze1FUC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffen2011" class="citation web cs1">Offen, Karl (March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afehc-historia-centroamericana.org/index.php?action=fi_aff&id=2582">"La cartografía colonial de Centroamérica y el topónimo 'mosquito'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Asociación para el Fomento de los Estudios Históricos en Centroamérica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+cartograf%C3%ADa+colonial+de+Centroam%C3%A9rica+y+el+top%C3%B3nimo+%27mosquito%27&rft.pub=Asociaci%C3%B3n+para+el+Fomento+de+los+Estudios+Hist%C3%B3ricos+en+Centroam%C3%A9rica&rft.date=2011-03&rft.aulast=Offen&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afehc-historia-centroamericana.org%2Findex.php%3Faction%3Dfi_aff%26id%3D2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2011" class="citation journal cs1">Parker, Matthew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historytoday.com/matthew-parker/barbados-cavaliers-caribbean">"Barbados: Cavaliers of the Caribbean"</a>. <i>History Today</i>. <b>61</b> (7)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=Barbados%3A+Cavaliers+of+the+Caribbean&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Fmatthew-parker%2Fbarbados-cavaliers-caribbean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Bell+%28colonial+administrator%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Deane_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Deane (governor) (page does not exist)">W. Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Wolferstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Wolferstone (page does not exist)">C. Wolferstone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Powell_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Powell (governor) (page does not exist)">J. Powell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Wheatley_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Wheatley (governor) (page does not exist)">R. Wheatley</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tufton" title="William Tufton">W. Tufton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hawley_(colonial_administrator)" title="Henry Hawley (colonial administrator)">Henry Hawley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Peers" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Peers">Richard Peers</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hawley_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hawley (governor) (page does not exist)">William Hawley</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Huncks" title="Henry Huncks">Henry Huncks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Bell_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Bell (governor)">Philip Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Willoughby,_5th_Baron_Willoughby_of_Parham" title="Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham">Francis Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ayscue" title="George Ayscue">George Ayscue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Searle_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Searle (governor)">Daniel Searle</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Modyford" title="Thomas Modyford">Thomas Modyford</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Walrond" title="Humphrey Walrond">Humphrey Walrond</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Willoughby,_5th_Baron_Willoughby_of_Parham" title="Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham">Francis Willoughby</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Willoughby_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Willoughby (governor)">Henry Willoughby</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Willoughby,_6th_Baron_Willoughby_of_Parham" title="William Willoughby, 6th Baron Willoughby of Parham">William Willoughby</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Barwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Barwick (page does not exist)">Samuel Barwick</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hawley_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hawley (governor)">Henry Hawley</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Willoughby,_6th_Baron_Willoughby_of_Parham" title="William Willoughby, 6th Baron Willoughby of Parham">William Willoughby</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Codrington_(died_1698)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Codrington (died 1698)">Christopher Codrington</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Colleton" title="Peter Colleton">Peter Colleton</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Atkins" title="Jonathan Atkins">Jonathan Atkins</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Witham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Witham (page does not exist)">John Witham</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Dutton_(colonial_administrator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Dutton (colonial administrator) (page does not exist)">Richard Dutton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwyn_Stede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwyn Stede (page does not exist)">Edwyn Stede</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kendall_(politician)" title="James Kendall (politician)">James Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Russell_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Russell (governor) (page does not exist)">Francis Russell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bond_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Bond (governor) (page does not exist)">Francis Bond</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Grey,_4th_Baron_Grey_of_Werke" title="Ralph Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Werke">Ralph Grey</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Farmer_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Farmer (governor) (page does not exist)">John Farmer</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevil_Granville" title="Bevil Granville">Bevil Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitford_Crow" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitford Crow">Mitford Crow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Lillington_(Governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Lillington (Governor) (page does not exist)">George Lillington</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowther_(colonial_administrator)" title="Robert Lowther (colonial administrator)">Robert Lowther</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Sharpe_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Sharpe (governor) (page does not exist)">William Sharpe</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Frere_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Frere (governor) (page does not exist)">John Frere</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Cox_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Cox (governor) (page does not exist)">Samuel Cox</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Worsley_(diplomat)" title="Henry Worsley (diplomat)">Henry Worsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Catesby_Paget" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Catesby Paget">Thomas Catesby Paget</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Dotin (page does not exist)">James Dotin</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chetwynd_(died_1732)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Chetwynd (died 1732)">Walter Chetwynd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Howe,_2nd_Viscount_Howe" title="Emanuel Howe, 2nd Viscount Howe">Emanuel Howe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Dotin (page does not exist)">James Dotin</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Orlando_Bridgeman,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 2nd Baronet">Orlando Bridgeman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humphrey_Howarth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humphrey Howarth (page does not exist)">Humphrey Howarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage,_1st_Viscount_Gage" title="Thomas Gage, 1st Viscount Gage">Thomas Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byng_(Plymouth_MP)" title="Robert Byng (Plymouth MP)">Robert Byng</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Dotin (page does not exist)">James Dotin</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_1st_Baronet_Rokeby" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet Rokeby">Thomas Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Grenville" title="Henry Grenville">Henry Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Pinfold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Pinfold (page does not exist)">Charles Pinfold</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Rous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Rous (page does not exist)">Samuel Rous</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Spry_(governor_of_Barbados)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Spry (governor of Barbados)">William Spry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Rous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Rous (page does not exist)">Samuel Rous</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hay_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Hay (governor) (page does not exist)">Edward Hay</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dotin (page does not exist)">John Dotin</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Cunninghame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Cunninghame (page does not exist)">James Cunninghame</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dotin (page does not exist)">John Dotin</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Parry_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Parry (politician) (page does not exist)">David Parry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bishop_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bishop (governor) (page does not exist)">William Bishop</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Poyntz_Ricketts" title="George Poyntz Ricketts">George Poyntz Ricketts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bishop_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bishop (governor) (page does not exist)">William Bishop</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mackenzie,_1st_Baron_Seaforth" title="Francis Mackenzie, 1st Baron Seaforth">Francis Mackenzie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Spooner_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Spooner (governor) (page does not exist)">John Spooner</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Beckwith_(British_Army_officer)" title="George Beckwith (British Army officer)">George Beckwith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Leith_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Leith (governor)">James Leith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Alleyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Foster Alleyne (page does not exist)">John Foster Alleyne</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stapleton_Cotton,_1st_Viscount_Combermere" title="Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere">Stapleton Cotton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Brathwaite_Skeete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Brathwaite Skeete (page does not exist)">John Skeete</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hinds_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Hinds (governor) (page does not exist)">Samuel Hinds</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Warde_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Warde (governor)">Henry Warde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Lyon">James Frederick Lyon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Barbados_(1870%E2%80%931966).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barbados and the Windward Islands (1833–1885)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Smith,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionel Smith, 1st Baronet">Lionel Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_John_Murray_MacGregor" class="mw-redirect" title="Evan John Murray MacGregor">Evan MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Darling" title="Charles Henry Darling">Charles Henry Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Grey" title="Charles Edward Grey">Charles Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Reid_(British_army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Reid (British army officer)">William Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_MacBean_George_Colebrooke" class="mw-redirect" title="William MacBean George Colebrooke">William Colebrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hincks" title="Francis Hincks">Francis Hincks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Walker_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Walker (governor)">James Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawson_W._Rawson" title="Rawson W. Rawson">Rawson W. Rawson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanford_Freeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanford Freeling (page does not exist)">Sanford Freeling</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope_Hennessy" title="John Pope Hennessy">John Hennessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Strahan_(colonial_administrator)" title="George Strahan (colonial administrator)">George Strahan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Jacotin_Gamble" title="Dominic Jacotin Gamble">D. J. Gamble</a></i><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Robinson_(Governor_of_Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Robinson (Governor of Hong Kong)">William Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barbados (1885–1966)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cameron_Lees" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Cameron Lees">Charles Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Joseph_Sendall" title="Walter Joseph Sendall">Walter Sendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shaw_Hay" title="James Shaw Hay">James Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Mitchell_Hodgson" title="Frederick Mitchell Hodgson">Frederick Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Thomas_Carter" title="Gilbert Thomas Carter">Gilbert Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Probyn" title="Leslie Probyn">Leslie Probyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Richard_Mackey_O%27Brien" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Richard Mackey O'Brien">Charles O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Fleming_Robertson" title="William Charles Fleming Robertson">William Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Scott_Newlands" title="Harry Scott Newlands">Harry Newlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Aitchison_Young" title="Mark Aitchison Young">Mark Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eubule_John_Waddington" class="mw-redirect" title="Eubule John Waddington">Eubule Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grattan_Bushe" title="Grattan Bushe">Henry Bushe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Rudolph_Robert_Blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilary Rudolph Robert Blood">Hilary Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Savage" title="Alfred Savage">Alfred Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Arundell" title="Robert Arundell">Robert Arundell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montague_Stow" title="John Montague Stow">John Stow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_House,_Barbados" title="State House, Barbados">Government House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><sup>*</sup> Served as Acting Governor of Barbados.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Bell_(colonial_administrator)&oldid=1210757382">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Bell_(colonial_administrator)&oldid=1210757382</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1590_births" title="Category:1590 births">1590 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1678_deaths" title="Category:1678 deaths">1678 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Bermuda" title="Category:Governors of Bermuda">Governors of Bermuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Isla_de_Providencia" title="Category:Governors of Isla de Providencia">Governors of Isla de Providencia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Barbados" title="Category:Governors of Barbados">Governors of Barbados</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Norfolk" title="Category:People from Norfolk">People from Norfolk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 February 2024, at 05:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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