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dir="ltr"><p><b>Edward F. Caldwell & Co.</b>, of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, was one of the premier <a href="/wiki/Designers" class="mw-redirect" title="Designers">designers</a> and manufacturers of electric <a href="/wiki/Light_fixture" title="Light fixture">light fixtures</a> and decorative <a href="/wiki/Metalwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalwork">metalwork</a> from the late 19th to the mid-20th centuries. Founded in 1895 by Edward F. Caldwell (1851–1914) and Victor F. von Lossberg (1853–1942), the firm left a legacy of custom designed and finely-made, metal gates, <a href="/wiki/Lanterns" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanterns">lanterns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandeliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandeliers">chandeliers</a>, ceiling and wall fixtures, floor and table lamps, and other decorative objects that can be found today in many metropolitan area churches, public buildings, offices, clubs, and residences including, the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> (1902 renovation),<sup id="cite_ref-White_House_Historical_Association_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_House_Historical_Association-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York">St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edward_F._Caldwell_&_Co._2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edward_F._Caldwell_&_Co.-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edward_F._Caldwell_(1851-1914)"><span id="Edward_F._Caldwell_.281851-1914.29"></span>Edward F. Caldwell (1851-1914)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_F._Caldwell_%26_Co.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Edward F. Caldwell (1851-1914)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Edward F. Caldwell, a <a href="/wiki/Portrait_painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait painter">portrait painter</a> originally from <a href="/wiki/Waterville,_New_York" title="Waterville, New York">Waterville, New York</a>, became part of an active community of designers in New York City during the early 1880s. By the end of that decade and into the 1890s, Caldwell worked for, and later became chief designer and vice president of, the <a href="/wiki/Archer_%26_Pancoast_Manufacturing_Company" title="Archer & Pancoast Manufacturing Company">Archer & Pancoast Manufacturing Company</a> of New York, top designers of <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gas lighting</a> fixtures. At this time, due to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>'s advances in developing the electric <a href="/wiki/Light_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Light bulb">light bulb</a>, Archer & Pancoast began manufacturing fixtures using this new technology.<sup id="cite_ref-Edward_F._Caldwell_&_Co._2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edward_F._Caldwell_&_Co.-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caldwell faced the challenge of mastering an understanding of electric light and adapting electric fixtures to traditional ornamental <a href="/wiki/Esthetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Esthetics">esthetics</a> that were acceptable to the late 19th century American public. While at Archer & Pancoast, Caldwell oversaw three major commissions for <a href="/wiki/McKim,_Mead,_and_White" class="mw-redirect" title="McKim, Mead, and White">McKim, Mead, and White</a>, as well as commissions for the New York State Building at the 1893 <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> (Chicago), The [Metropolitan Club] of New York City, and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Boston Public Library</a>. </p><p>Through these projects, Caldwell became a friend of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_White" title="Stanford White">Stanford White</a> (1853–1906), a young architect who saw the importance of electric illumination for designing future interiors and buildings. He understood that technological advances of slender tubing, small electric bulbs, concealed wiring, modern switch units, and <a href="/wiki/Low_voltage" title="Low voltage">low voltage</a> current linked to small sockets would allow fixtures to take new and diverse forms, sharing decorative as well as <a href="/wiki/Utilitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilitarian">utilitarian</a> functions. White encouraged Caldwell to focus solely on designing electric light fixtures. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lighting_-_Brackets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lighting_-_Brackets.jpg/220px-Lighting_-_Brackets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lighting_-_Brackets.jpg/330px-Lighting_-_Brackets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lighting_-_Brackets.jpg/440px-Lighting_-_Brackets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>chandelier</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1895, Caldwell established the firm Edward F. Caldwell & Co., Inc. of New York with Victor von Lossberg at 31 East 17th Street. Von Lossberg, a designer and draftsman Caldwell had worked with at Archer & Pancoast, was a native of <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> who was raised in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and studied design in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Caldwell and von Lossberg brought skilled <a href="/wiki/Artisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Artisans">artisans</a> from Europe to New York to work for the firm. They frequently traveled to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> studying and importing historic objects for use as inspiration in the production of their electric light fixtures. </p><p>In 1901, they established their own <a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">foundry</a> at 36-40 West 15th Street, along with their showrooms and offices. They quickly became known for producing lighting fixtures and metalwork objects in <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>. The firm attracted commissions from some of the most prominent architects of the period including <a href="/wiki/McKim,_Mead_%26_White" title="McKim, Mead & White">McKim, Mead & White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrere_%26_Hastings" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrere & Hastings">Carrere & Hastings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cram,_Goodhue_%26_Ferguson" class="mw-redirect" title="Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson">Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cass_Gilbert" title="Cass Gilbert">Cass Gilbert</a>. </p><p>Caldwell & Co. produced a wide variety of objects based on historic styles since many of their wealthy and established clientele preferred traditional designs. They showed clients photographs and actual historic examples of French, Italian and English forms that could be adapted as electric light fixtures and that would fit esthetically into traditional or period interiors. </p><p>The firm also worked closely with the <a href="/wiki/Architects" class="mw-redirect" title="Architects">architects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interior_decorators" class="mw-redirect" title="Interior decorators">interior decorators</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Subcontractors" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcontractors">subcontractors</a> to coordinate the <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic">aesthetic</a> unity of a project, using their extensive photo archive to inspire new designs. A <a href="/wiki/Watercolor" class="mw-redirect" title="Watercolor">watercolor</a> or colored pencil presentation <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a> was then created for review by designer and client before the piece was put into production. After production, pieces were often photographed to be added to the company's extensive photo archive. The success of the Caldwell firm was due to extensive variety of historic patterns at hand, which could be effectively incorporated into electric fixtures to enhance the beauty of an interior. </p><p>Under Von Lossberg, the company created more original designs rather than strictly duplicating antiques that had been a standard for the firm previously. Lighting and desk accessories now contained intricate <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">vitreous enamel</a> work. In the 1920s, the firm also explored more contemporary designs such as <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> styles for lights at <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Waldorf-Astoria_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldorf-Astoria Hotel">Waldorf-Astoria Hotel</a>. </p><p>With a staff that numbered more than 1,000 in the early decades of the 20th century, they also had the ability to take on large commissions. As a result, they landed many of the biggest jobs of the day, including new churches, train stations, state capitols, residences and other public buildings throughout the country. </p><p>The firm continued under Victor von Lossberg after Edward Caldwell died in October 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward T. Caldwell, grandson of the founder, took over the firm when von Lossberg retired in 1938. Caldwell & Co. then produced more standardized fixtures and <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent">fluorescent</a> lamps until 1956, when it was liquidated by the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>. The company reorganized as E.T. Caldwell Lighting, but closed permanently due to financial problems in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of their work can still be seen today throughout the country and even abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum" title="Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum">Cooper-Hewitt Museum</a> Library includes an E. F. Caldwell & Co. Collection with more than 50,000 images, of which roughly 37,000 are black-and-white photographs and approximately 13,000 are original design drawings of lighting fixtures and other metal objects produced by the company from the late 19th to the mid-20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_Caldwell_commissions">Selected Caldwell commissions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_F._Caldwell_%26_Co.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Selected Caldwell commissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Mansion_National_Historic_Site" title="Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site">Frederick W. Vanderbilt house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_New_York" title="Hyde Park, New York">Hyde Park, New York</a> (1895–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Club_of_New_York" title="University Club of New York">University Club of New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lehman" title="Philip Lehman">Philip Lehman</a> residence, New York City (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper-Hewitt,_National_Design_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum">Andrew Carnegie residence</a>, New York City (1900–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_Building" title="Flatiron Building">Flatiron Building</a>, New York City (1900–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>, renovations (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York">St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York</a>, New York City (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pierpont_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pierpont Morgan">John Pierpont Morgan</a> residence, New York City (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Club_of_New_York_City" title="Harvard Club of New York City">Harvard Club of New York City</a>, New York City (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonie_Club" title="Harmonie Club">Harmonie Club</a>, New York City (1905)</li> <li>Home Club, New York City (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Belnord" title="The Belnord">The Belnord</a> Apartments, New York City (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>, New York City (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Henry Clay Frick residence</a>, New York City (1909)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>New Theatre a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Park_Theatre_(Manhattan)" title="Park Theatre (Manhattan)">Park Theatre (Manhattan)</a>, New York City (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor_III" title="John Jacob Astor III">John Jacob Astor III</a> residence (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Church_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Thomas Church (New York City)">Saint Thomas Church (New York City)</a> and Parish House, New York City(1910–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Mortuary Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolda_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynolda House">Reynolda House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a> (1912–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barclay-Vesey_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclay-Vesey Building">Barclay-Vesey Building</a>, New York City (1923)</li> <li>The Rosen House, <a href="/wiki/Caramoor_Center_for_Music_and_the_Arts_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts Inc.">Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katonah,_New_York" title="Katonah, New York">Katonah, New York</a>, for Walter T. Rosen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Manhattan">Bank of Manhattan</a>, New York City (1929–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf-Astoria_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldorf-Astoria Hotel">Waldorf-Astoria Hotel</a>, New York City (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a>, New York City (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>, New York City (1932)</li> <li>[[St. Paul's Chapel (Columbia University)}St. Paul's Chapel]], New York City (1904-1907)<sup id="cite_ref-Lookze_article_on_St._Paul's_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lookze_article_on_St._Paul's-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_University_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia_University-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glensheen_Historic_Estate" title="Glensheen Historic Estate">Glensheen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth, Minnesota</a> (1908)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_F._Caldwell_%26_Co.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-White_House_Historical_Association-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White_House_Historical_Association_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626000916/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_about/whitehouse_collection/whitehouse_collection-object-03.html">"The White House Historical Association page on 1902 renovation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_about/whitehouse_collection/whitehouse_collection-object-03.html">the original</a> on 2010-06-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+White+House+Historical+Association+page+on+1902+renovation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fwhha_about%2Fwhitehouse_collection%2Fwhitehouse_collection-object-03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edward_F._Caldwell_&_Co.-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Edward_F._Caldwell_&_Co._2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edward_F._Caldwell_&_Co._2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlop" class="citation web cs1">Dunlop, Doug. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.si.edu/digital-library/collection/caldwell">"Caldwell & Company: Masters of Metal and Light"</a>. Smithsonian Institution Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caldwell+%26+Company%3A+Masters+of+Metal+and+Light&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Libraries&rft.aulast=Dunlop&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.si.edu%2Fdigital-library%2Fcollection%2Fcaldwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themagazineantiques.com/article/edward-f-caldwell-and-companys-legacy-of-lighting/">"Edward F. Caldwell and Company's Legacy of Lighting"</a>. <i>The Magazine Antiques</i>. 2009-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Magazine+Antiques&rft.atitle=Edward+F.+Caldwell+and+Company%27s+Legacy+of+Lighting&rft.date=2009-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themagazineantiques.com%2Farticle%2Fedward-f-caldwell-and-companys-legacy-of-lighting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nypl.org/mss/902">"archives.nypl.org -- Edward F. Caldwell Lighting Company Records"</a>. <i>archives.nypl.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.nypl.org&rft.atitle=archives.nypl.org+--+Edward+F.+Caldwell+Lighting+Company+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.nypl.org%2Fmss%2F902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.dar.org/edward-f-caldwell-lighting-master-dar-headquarters">"Edward F. Caldwell, Lighting Master of the DAR Headquarters | Today's DAR"</a>. <i>blog.dar.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.dar.org&rft.atitle=Edward+F.+Caldwell%2C+Lighting+Master+of+the+DAR+Headquarters+%7C+Today%27s+DAR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.dar.org%2Fedward-f-caldwell-lighting-master-dar-headquarters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/caldwell/intro.cfm">"Shedding Light on New York: Edward F. Caldwell & Company"</a>. Smithsonian Institution Libraries.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shedding+Light+on+New+York%3A+Edward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Company&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.si.edu%2Fdigitalcollections%2Fcaldwell%2Fintro.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.si.edu/digital-library/collection/caldwell/about">"About the Collection"</a>. <i>library.si.edu</i>. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.si.edu&rft.atitle=About+the+Collection&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.si.edu%2Fdigital-library%2Fcollection%2Fcaldwell%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frick.org/archives/FindingAids/HCFFurnishingsFiles.html">"Finding Aid for the Henry Clay Frick Furnishings Files, 1913-1920"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+Aid+for+the+Henry+Clay+Frick+Furnishings+Files%2C+1913-1920&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frick.org%2Farchives%2FFindingAids%2FHCFFurnishingsFiles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709074216/http://www.caramoor.org/html/pressreleases_75.htm">"Exhibition "Caldwell & Company - Masters of Metal and Light.", 2006"</a>. Caramoor.org. 2006-02-23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caramoor.org/html/pressreleases_75.htm">the original</a> on 2006-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exhibition+%22Caldwell+%26+Company+-+Masters+of+Metal+and+Light.%22%2C+2006&rft.pub=Caramoor.org&rft.date=2006-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caramoor.org%2Fhtml%2Fpressreleases_75.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lookze_article_on_St._Paul's-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lookze_article_on_St._Paul's_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lookze.com/building.php?Address=2980-Broadway">"St. Paul's Chapel"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Paul%27s+Chapel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lookze.com%2Fbuilding.php%3FAddress%3D2980-Broadway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia_University-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_University_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/earl/chapel.html">"St. Paul's Chapel, Columbia University"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Paul%27s+Chapel%2C+Columbia+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Fearl%2Fchapel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+F.+Caldwell+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>St. Sophia Greek Orthodox Cathedral, Miami Florida (1950) (ref: The Miami Daily News, July 22, 1950, article on the Cathedral's architect Christopher Kantianis) </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Caldwell & Co.">Edward F. Caldwell & Co.</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/Caldwell/">Shedding Light on New York: Edward F. Caldwell & Co.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperhewitt.org/">Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/groups/caldwell_lighting/">Flickr Group devoted to Caldwell lighting</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725141114/http://www.caramoor.org/about/press-releases/post/post-75.htm">2006 CARAMOOR SPECIAL EXHIBITION OPENING</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150302000407/http://www.themagazineantiques.com/news-opinion/discovery/2009-02-19/edward-f-caldwell-and-companys-legacy-of-lighting">Edward F. Caldwell and Company's Legacy of Lighting</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.googleartproject.com/artist/edward-f-caldwell-co/4126308/">Edward F. Caldwell & Company Light Standard image at the White House</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nypl.org/archives/2150">Edward F. Caldwell Lighting Company Records, 1900-1959 at the New York Public Library</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_F._Caldwell_%26_Co.&oldid=1169764842">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_F._Caldwell_%26_Co.&oldid=1169764842</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Design_companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Design companies of the United States">Design companies of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1895" title="Category:American companies established in 1895">American companies established in 1895</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_disestablished_in_1959" title="Category:American companies disestablished in 1959">American companies disestablished in 1959</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1895" title="Category:Design companies established in 1895">Design companies established in 1895</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Design_companies_disestablished_in_1959" title="Category:Design companies disestablished in 1959">Design companies disestablished in 1959</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1895" title="Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1895">Manufacturing companies established in 1895</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_disestablished_in_1959" title="Category:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1959">Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1959</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1895_establishments_in_New_York_City" title="Category:1895 establishments in New York City">1895 establishments in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1959_disestablishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:1959 disestablishments in New York (state)">1959 disestablishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_manufacturing_companies_based_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York City">Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York City</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 August 2023, at 04:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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