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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB.ca). For the Historical Marker Database (HMdb.org), see <a href="/wiki/Historical_Marker_Database" title="Historical Marker Database">Historical Marker Database</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Human Metabolome Database</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_Metabolome_Database_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Human_Metabolome_Database_logo.png/150px-Human_Metabolome_Database_logo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Human_Metabolome_Database_logo.png/225px-Human_Metabolome_Database_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Human_Metabolome_Database_logo.png/300px-Human_Metabolome_Database_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Content</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Description</th><td class="infobox-data">Metabolomics database</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Data types<br />captured</th><td class="infobox-data">Human metabolite structures, metabolite descriptions, metabolite reactions, metabolite enzymes and transporters, human enzyme and transporter sequences, human metabolic pathways, normal and abnormal metabolite concentrations in humans, associated diseases, chemical properties, nomenclature, synonyms, chemical taxonomy, metabolite NMR spectra, metabolite GC-MS spectra, metabolite LC-MS spectra</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Contact</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Research_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Research center">Research center</a></th><td class="infobox-data">University of Alberta and The Metabolomics Innovation Centre</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Laboratory</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_S._Wishart" title="David S. Wishart">David S. Wishart</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Primary citation</th><td class="infobox-data">HMDB: the Human Metabolome Database.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17202168_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17202168-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Access</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hmdb.ca">http://www.hmdb.ca</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Download URL</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hmdb.ca/downloads">http://www.hmdb.ca/downloads</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Miscellaneous</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Data release<br />frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Every 2 years with monthly corrections and updates</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Curation policy</th><td class="infobox-data">Manually curated</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)</b><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17202168_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17202168-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18953024_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18953024-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19274632_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19274632-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid23161693_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23161693-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a comprehensive, high-quality, freely accessible, online database of <a href="/wiki/Small_molecule" title="Small molecule">small molecule</a> <a href="/wiki/Metabolites" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolites">metabolites</a> found in the human body. It has been created by the Human Metabolome Project funded by <a href="/wiki/Genome_Canada" title="Genome Canada">Genome Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-Home_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Home-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of the first dedicated <a href="/wiki/Metabolomics" title="Metabolomics">metabolomics</a> databases. The HMDB facilitates human metabolomics research, including the identification and characterization of human metabolites using <a href="/wiki/NMR_spectroscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="NMR spectroscopy">NMR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="/wiki/GC-MS" class="mw-redirect" title="GC-MS">GC-MS</a> spectrometry and <a href="/wiki/LC/MS" class="mw-redirect" title="LC/MS">LC/MS</a> spectrometry. To aid in this discovery process, the HMDB contains three kinds of data: 1) chemical data, 2) clinical data, and 3) <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a>/<a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a> data (Fig. 1–3). The chemical data includes 41,514 metabolite structures with detailed descriptions along with nearly 10,000 NMR, GC-MS and LC/MS spectra. </p><p>The clinical data includes information on >10,000 metabolite-<a href="/wiki/Biofluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Biofluid">biofluid</a> concentrations and metabolite concentration information on more than 600 different human <a href="/wiki/Diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Diseases">diseases</a>. The biochemical data includes 5,688 <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> (and <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>) sequences and more than 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Biochemical_reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Biochemical reaction">biochemical reactions</a> that are linked to these metabolite entries.<sup id="cite_ref-Home_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Home-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each metabolite entry in the HMDB contains more than 110 data fields with 2/3 of the information being devoted to chemical/clinical data and the other 1/3 devoted to enzymatic or biochemical data. Many data fields are hyperlinked to other databases (<a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a>, <a href="/wiki/MetaCyc" title="MetaCyc">MetaCyc</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">Protein Data Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss-Prot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Prot">Swiss-Prot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">GenBank</a>) and a variety of structure and pathway viewing applets. The HMDB database supports extensive text, sequence, spectral, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_structure" title="Chemical structure">chemical structure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Relational_query" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational query">relational query</a> searches. It has been widely used in metabolomics, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">clinical chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomarker" title="Biomarker">biomarker</a> discovery and general biochemistry education. </p><p>Four additional databases, DrugBank,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16381955_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16381955-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18048412_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18048412-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid21059682_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21059682-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> T3DB,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19897546_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19897546-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SMPDB <sup id="cite_ref-pmid19948758_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19948758-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/FooDB" title="FooDB">FooDB</a> are also part of the HMDB suite of databases. DrugBank contains equivalent information on ~1,600 drug and drug metabolites, T3DB contains information on 3,100 common <a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">toxins</a> and environmental <a href="/wiki/Pollutant" title="Pollutant">pollutants</a>, SMPDB contains pathway diagrams for 700 human metabolic and disease pathways, while FooDB contains equivalent information on ~28,000 food components and <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additives</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Version_history">Version history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Metabolome_Database&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Version history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first version of HMDB was released on January 1, 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17202168_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17202168-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by two subsequent versions on January 1, 2009 (version 2.0),<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18953024_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18953024-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> August 1, 2009 (version 2.5), September 18, 2012 (version 3.0)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23161693_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23161693-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Jan. 1, 2013 (version 3.5),<sup id="cite_ref-ReleaseNotes_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReleaseNotes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2017 (version 4.0).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 (version 5.0).<sup id="cite_ref-ReleaseNotes_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReleaseNotes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Details for each of the major HMDB versions (up to version 5.0) is provided in Table 1. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table 1. Content comparison of HMDB versions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Database Feature or Content Status </th> <th>HMDB (v1.0) </th> <th>HMDB (v2.0) </th> <th>HMDB (v3.0) </th> <th>HMDB (v4.0) </th> <th>HMDB (v5.0) </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of metabolites</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003218000000000000♠">2,180</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003640800000000000♠">6,408</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004371700000000000♠">37,170</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005114100000000000♠">114,100</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005220945000000000♠">220,945</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of unique metabolite synonyms</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004277000000000000♠">27,700</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004438820000000000♠">43,882</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7005152364000000000♠">152,364</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of compounds with disease links</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002862000000000000♠">862</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003100200000000000♠">1,002</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003394800000000000♠">3,948</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004226050000000000♠">22,605</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004226000000000000♠">22,600</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of compounds with biofluid or tissue concentration data</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002883000000000000♠">883</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003441300000000000♠">4,413</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003679600000000000♠">6,796</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of compounds with chemical synthesis references</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002220000000000000♠">220</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003164700000000000♠">1,647</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003886300000000000♠">8,863</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004726040000000000♠">72,604</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004788410000000000♠">78,841</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of compounds with experimental reference 1H and or 13C NMR spectra</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002385000000000000♠">385</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002792000000000000♠">792</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003105400000000000♠">1,054</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003280100000000000♠">2,801</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004122160000000000♠">12,216</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of compounds with reference MS/MS spectra</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002390000000000000♠">390</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002799000000000000♠">799</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003124900000000000♠">1,249</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003154400000000000♠">1,544</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003406400000000000♠">4,064</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of compounds with reference GC-MS reference data</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠">0</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002279000000000000♠">279</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002884000000000000♠">884</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003741800000000000♠">7,418</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7004114930000000000♠">11,493</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of human-specific pathway maps</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001260000000000000♠">26</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001580000000000000♠">58</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002442000000000000♠">442</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of compounds in Human Metabolome Library</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002607000000000000♠">607</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002920000000000000♠">920</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7003103100000000000♠">1,031</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of HMDB data fields</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001910000000000000♠">91</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002102000000000000♠">102</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002114000000000000♠">114</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002130000000000000♠">130</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7002130000000000000♠">130</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Number of predicted molecular properties</i> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">10</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="1000000000000000000♠">−</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scope_and_access">Scope and access</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Metabolome_Database&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scope and access"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All data in HMDB is non-proprietary or is derived from a non-proprietary source. It is freely accessible and available to anyone. In addition, nearly every data item is fully traceable and explicitly referenced to the original source. HMDB data is available through a public web interface and downloads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Metabolome_Database&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMPDB" class="mw-redirect" title="SMPDB">SMPDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaCyc" title="MetaCyc">MetaCyc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovine_Metabolome_Database" title="Bovine Metabolome Database">Bovine Metabolome Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolome" title="Metabolome">Metabolome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolomics" title="Metabolomics">Metabolomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">List of biological databases</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Metabolome_Database&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid17202168-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17202168_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17202168_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17202168_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWishartTzurKnoxEisner2007" class="citation journal cs1">Wishart, David S.; Tzur, Dan; Knox, Craig; Eisner, Roman; Guo, An Chi; Young, Nelson; Cheng, Dean; Jewell, Kevin; Arndt, David; Sawhney, Summit; Fung, Chris; Nikolai, Lisa; Lewis, Mike; Coutouly, Marie-Aude; Forsythe, Ian J.; Tang, Peter; Shrivastava, Savita; Jeroncic, Kevin; Stothard, Paul; Amegbey, Godwin; Block, David; Hau, David D.; Wagner, James; Miniaci, Jessica; Clements, Melisa; Gebremedhin, Mulu; Guo, Natalie; Zhang, Ying; Duggan, Gavin E.; Macinnis, Glen D.; Weljie, Alim M.; Dowlatabadi, Reza; Bamforth, Fiona; Clive, Derrick; Greiner, Russ; Li, Liang; Marrie, Tom; Sykes, Brian D.; Vogel, Hans J.; Querengesser, Lori (January 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1899095">"HMDB: the Human Metabolobe Database"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Research</i>. <b>35</b> (D1): D521–D526. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkl923">10.1093/nar/gkl923</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1899095">1899095</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17202168">17202168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=HMDB%3A+the+Human+Metabolobe+Database&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=D1&rft.pages=D521-D526&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1899095%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17202168&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkl923&rft.aulast=Wishart&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft.au=Tzur%2C+Dan&rft.au=Knox%2C+Craig&rft.au=Eisner%2C+Roman&rft.au=Guo%2C+An+Chi&rft.au=Young%2C+Nelson&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Dean&rft.au=Jewell%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Arndt%2C+David&rft.au=Sawhney%2C+Summit&rft.au=Fung%2C+Chris&rft.au=Nikolai%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Mike&rft.au=Coutouly%2C+Marie-Aude&rft.au=Forsythe%2C+Ian+J.&rft.au=Tang%2C+Peter&rft.au=Shrivastava%2C+Savita&rft.au=Jeroncic%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Stothard%2C+Paul&rft.au=Amegbey%2C+Godwin&rft.au=Block%2C+David&rft.au=Hau%2C+David+D.&rft.au=Wagner%2C+James&rft.au=Miniaci%2C+Jessica&rft.au=Clements%2C+Melisa&rft.au=Gebremedhin%2C+Mulu&rft.au=Guo%2C+Natalie&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Ying&rft.au=Duggan%2C+Gavin+E.&rft.au=Macinnis%2C+Glen+D.&rft.au=Weljie%2C+Alim+M.&rft.au=Dowlatabadi%2C+Reza&rft.au=Bamforth%2C+Fiona&rft.au=Clive%2C+Derrick&rft.au=Greiner%2C+Russ&rft.au=Li%2C+Liang&rft.au=Marrie%2C+Tom&rft.au=Sykes%2C+Brian+D.&rft.au=Vogel%2C+Hans+J.&rft.au=Querengesser%2C+Lori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1899095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Metabolome+Database" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18953024-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18953024_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18953024_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWishartKnoxGuoEisner2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wishart, David S.; Knox, Craig; Guo, An Chi; Eisner, Roman; Young, Nelson; Gautam, Bijaya; Hau, David D.; Psychogios, Nick; Dong, Edison; Bouatra, Souhaila; Mandal, Rupasri; Sinelnikov, Igor; Xia, Jianguo; Jia, Leslie; Cruz, Joseph A.; Lim, Emilia; Sobsey, Constance A.; Shrivastava, Savita; Huang, Paul; Liu, Philip; Fang, Lydia; Peng, Jun; Fradette, Ryan; Cheng, Dean; Tzur, Dan; Clements, Melisa; Lewis, Avalyn; de Souza, Andrea; Zúñiga, Azaret; Dawe, Margot; Xiong, Yeping; Clive, Derrick; Greiner, Russ; Nazyrova, Alsu; Shaykhutdinov, Rustem; Li, Liang; Vogel, Hans J.; Forsythe, Ian J. (1 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686599">"HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Research</i>. <b>37</b> (D1): D603–D610. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkn810">10.1093/nar/gkn810</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686599">2686599</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18953024">18953024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=HMDB%3A+a+knowledgebase+for+the+human+metabolome&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=D1&rft.pages=D603-D610&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2686599%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18953024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkn810&rft.aulast=Wishart&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft.au=Knox%2C+Craig&rft.au=Guo%2C+An+Chi&rft.au=Eisner%2C+Roman&rft.au=Young%2C+Nelson&rft.au=Gautam%2C+Bijaya&rft.au=Hau%2C+David+D.&rft.au=Psychogios%2C+Nick&rft.au=Dong%2C+Edison&rft.au=Bouatra%2C+Souhaila&rft.au=Mandal%2C+Rupasri&rft.au=Sinelnikov%2C+Igor&rft.au=Xia%2C+Jianguo&rft.au=Jia%2C+Leslie&rft.au=Cruz%2C+Joseph+A.&rft.au=Lim%2C+Emilia&rft.au=Sobsey%2C+Constance+A.&rft.au=Shrivastava%2C+Savita&rft.au=Huang%2C+Paul&rft.au=Liu%2C+Philip&rft.au=Fang%2C+Lydia&rft.au=Peng%2C+Jun&rft.au=Fradette%2C+Ryan&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Dean&rft.au=Tzur%2C+Dan&rft.au=Clements%2C+Melisa&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Avalyn&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga%2C+Azaret&rft.au=Dawe%2C+Margot&rft.au=Xiong%2C+Yeping&rft.au=Clive%2C+Derrick&rft.au=Greiner%2C+Russ&rft.au=Nazyrova%2C+Alsu&rft.au=Shaykhutdinov%2C+Rustem&rft.au=Li%2C+Liang&rft.au=Vogel%2C+Hans+J.&rft.au=Forsythe%2C+Ian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2686599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Metabolome+Database" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19274632-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19274632_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsytheWishart2009" class="citation journal cs1">Forsythe, Ian J.; <a href="/wiki/David_S._Wishart" title="David S. Wishart">Wishart, David S.</a> (March 1, 2009). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=SMPDB%3A+The+Small+Molecule+Pathway+Database.&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=Database+issue&rft.pages=D480-7&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2808928%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19948758&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkp1002&rft.aulast=Frolkis&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Knox%2C+C&rft.au=Lim%2C+E&rft.au=Jewison%2C+T&rft.au=Law%2C+V&rft.au=Hau%2C+DD&rft.au=Liu%2C+P&rft.au=Gautam%2C+B&rft.au=Ly%2C+S&rft.au=Guo%2C+AC&rft.au=Xia%2C+J&rft.au=Liang%2C+Y&rft.au=Shrivastava%2C+S&rft.au=Wishart%2C+DS.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2808928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Metabolome+Database" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReleaseNotes-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReleaseNotes_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReleaseNotes_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.ca/release-notes">"Human Metabolome Database Release Notes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Metabolome+Database+Release+Notes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.ca%2Frelease-notes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Metabolome+Database" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWishartDjombou_FeunangMarcuGuo2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wishart, David S.; Djombou Feunang, Yannick; Marcu, Ana; Guo, An Chi; Liang, Kevin; Vázquez Fresno, Rosa; Sajed, Tanvir; Johnson, Daniel; Li, Carin; Karu, Naama; Sayeeda, Zinat; Lo, Elvis; Assempour, Nazanin; Berjanskii, Mark; Singhal, Sandeep; Arndt, David; Liang, Yonjie; Badran, Hasan; Grant, Jason; Serra Cayuela, Arnau; Liu, Yifeng; Mandal, Rupa; Neveu, Vanessa; Pon, Allison; Knox, Craig; Wilson, Michael; Manach, Claudine; Scalbert, Augustin (4 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5753273">"HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Research</i>. <b>46</b> (D1): D608–D617. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkx1089">10.1093/nar/gkx1089</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5753273">5753273</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140435">29140435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=HMDB+4.0%3A+the+human+metabolome+database+for+2018&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=D1&rft.pages=D608-D617&rft.date=2018-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5753273%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29140435&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkx1089&rft.aulast=Wishart&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft.au=Djombou+Feunang%2C+Yannick&rft.au=Marcu%2C+Ana&rft.au=Guo%2C+An+Chi&rft.au=Liang%2C+Kevin&rft.au=V%C3%A1zquez+Fresno%2C+Rosa&rft.au=Sajed%2C+Tanvir&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Li%2C+Carin&rft.au=Karu%2C+Naama&rft.au=Sayeeda%2C+Zinat&rft.au=Lo%2C+Elvis&rft.au=Assempour%2C+Nazanin&rft.au=Berjanskii%2C+Mark&rft.au=Singhal%2C+Sandeep&rft.au=Arndt%2C+David&rft.au=Liang%2C+Yonjie&rft.au=Badran%2C+Hasan&rft.au=Grant%2C+Jason&rft.au=Serra+Cayuela%2C+Arnau&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yifeng&rft.au=Mandal%2C+Rupa&rft.au=Neveu%2C+Vanessa&rft.au=Pon%2C+Allison&rft.au=Knox%2C+Craig&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Michael&rft.au=Manach%2C+Claudine&rft.au=Scalbert%2C+Augustin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5753273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Metabolome+Database" 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genomics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Genomics" title="Template:Genomics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Genomics" title="Template talk:Genomics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genomics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Genomics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genomics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genomics" title="Genomics">Genomics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_genomics" title="Cognitive genomics">Cognitive genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_genomics" title="Computational genomics">Computational genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_genomics" title="Comparative genomics">Comparative genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_genomics" title="Functional genomics">Functional genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genome_project" title="Genome project">Genome project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metagenomics" title="Metagenomics">Metagenomics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Microbiome_Project" title="Human Microbiome Project">Human Microbiome Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangenomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangenomics">Pangenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_genomics" title="Personal genomics">Personal genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_genomics" title="Population genomics">Population genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociogenomics" title="Sociogenomics"><i>Socio</i>genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_genomics" title="Structural genomics">Structural genomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biochip" title="Biochip">Biochip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheminformatics" title="Cheminformatics">Cheminformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemogenomics" title="Chemogenomics">Chemogenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectomics" title="Connectomics">Connectomics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Connectome_Project" title="Human Connectome Project">Human Connectome Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenomics" title="Epigenomics">Epigenomics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Epigenome_Project" title="Human Epigenome Project">Human Epigenome Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycomics" title="Glycomics">Glycomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunomics" title="Immunomics">Immunomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipidomics" title="Lipidomics">Lipidomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolomics" title="Metabolomics">Metabolomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbiome" title="Microbiome">Microbiomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrigenomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutrigenomics">Nutrigenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleopolyploidy" title="Paleopolyploidy">Paleopolyploidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacogenetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacogenetics">Pharmacogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacogenomics" title="Pharmacogenomics">Pharmacogenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_biology" title="Systems biology">Systems biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxicogenomics" title="Toxicogenomics">Toxicogenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcriptomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcriptomics">Transcriptomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Structural_biology" title="Structural biology">Structural biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proteomics" title="Proteomics">Proteomics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_proteome_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Human proteome project">Human proteome project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call-map_proteomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-map proteomics">Call-map proteomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure-based_drug_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Structure-based drug design">Structure-based drug design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expression_proteomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Expression proteomics">Expression proteomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-D_electrophoresis" class="mw-redirect" title="2-D electrophoresis">2-D electrophoresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass spectrometer">Mass spectrometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrospray_ionization" title="Electrospray ionization">Electrospray ionization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix-assisted_laser_desorption_ionization" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization">Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix-assisted_laser_desorption_ionization-time_of_flight_mass_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer">Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfluidic-based_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Microfluidic-based tools">Microfluidic-based tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotope_affinity_tags" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotope affinity tags">Isotope affinity tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_conformation_capture" title="Chromosome conformation capture">Chromosome conformation capture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNA_Data_Bank_of_Japan" title="DNA Data Bank of Japan">DNA Data Bank of Japan</a> (JP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Molecular_Biology_Laboratory" title="European Molecular Biology Laboratory">European Molecular Biology Laboratory</a> (EU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Sanger_Institute" title="Wellcome Sanger Institute">Wellcome Sanger Institute</a> (UK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_omics_topics_in_biology" title="List of 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