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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development of shared monarchy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development_of_shared_monarchy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Development of shared monarchy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Development_of_shared_monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=King_of_South_Africa&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="King of South Africa">King of South Africa</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of state of South Africa from 1910 to 1961</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For traditional monarchies of South Africa, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_African_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign African monarchs">List of current non-sovereign African monarchs</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr">Monarchy of <span class="country-name">South Africa</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_(1932%E2%80%932000).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="573" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa" title="Coat of arms of South Africa">Coat of arms of South Africa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_official_portrait_for_1959_tour_(retouched)_(cropped)_(3-to-4_aspect_ratio).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Queen_Elizabeth_II_official_portrait_for_1959_tour_%28retouched%29_%28cropped%29_%283-to-4_aspect_ratio%29.jpg/200px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_official_portrait_for_1959_tour_%28retouched%29_%28cropped%29_%283-to-4_aspect_ratio%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Queen_Elizabeth_II_official_portrait_for_1959_tour_%28retouched%29_%28cropped%29_%283-to-4_aspect_ratio%29.jpg/300px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_official_portrait_for_1959_tour_%28retouched%29_%28cropped%29_%283-to-4_aspect_ratio%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Queen_Elizabeth_II_official_portrait_for_1959_tour_%28retouched%29_%28cropped%29_%283-to-4_aspect_ratio%29.jpg/400px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_official_portrait_for_1959_tour_%28retouched%29_%28cropped%29_%283-to-4_aspect_ratio%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="985" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Last to reign</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></b><br />6 February 1952 – 31 May 1961</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">His Majesty</a><br />(1910–1952)<br /><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">Her Majesty</a><br />(1952–1961)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">31 May 1910</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolition</th><td class="infobox-data">31 May 1961</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From 1910 to 1961 the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> was a self-governing country that shared a monarch with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Union_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General of the Union of South Africa">Governor-General of the Union of South Africa</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_Act_1909" title="South Africa Act 1909">South Africa Act 1909</a> united four British colonies: <a href="/wiki/British_Cape_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a>, to form the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> with the monarch as its head of state. In 1947, <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> became the first reigning monarch to visit South Africa. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> was granted a <a href="#Title">distinct South African style and title</a> by the Parliament of South Africa in 1953. </p><p>South Africa became a republic and left the Commonwealth on 31 May 1961. On 1 June 1994, South Africa rejoined the <a href="/wiki/Republics_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth as a republic</a>, after the end of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartheid in South Africa">apartheid</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Boer War">Anglo-Boer War</a> (1899–1902), Britain re-annexed the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a>, two hitherto independent <a href="/wiki/Boer" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer">Boer</a> republics. These new territories, renamed the Transvaal Colony and the Orange River Colony respectively, were added to Britain's existing South African territories, the Cape Colony and Colony of Natal.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was British government policy to encourage these four colonies to come together in closer union; after the grant of <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a> to the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in 1907, this aspiration was one that was also increasingly held by the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a> population. </p><p>These political forces resulted in the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention_(South_Africa)" title="National Convention (South Africa)">1908 National Convention</a>, which met on 12 October 1908 and completed its work on 11 May 1909. This convention settled on the terms and constitution of a governmental, legislative, and economic Union. These proposals were transmitted to the British government, which duly prepared a bill to give effect to these wishes. The bill was approved by the four colonial parliaments in June 1909, and was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 20 September 1909, and the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_shared_monarchy">Development of shared monarchy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development of shared monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_Act_1909" title="South Africa Act 1909">South Africa Act 1909</a> united four British colonies: <a href="/wiki/British_Cape_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a>, to form the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> as a <a href="/wiki/British_Dominion" class="mw-redirect" title="British Dominion">British Dominion</a> with the monarch as its head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-exe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_shilling_George_VI_1949.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/5_shilling_George_VI_1949.png/220px-5_shilling_George_VI_1949.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/5_shilling_George_VI_1949.png/330px-5_shilling_George_VI_1949.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/5_shilling_George_VI_1949.png/440px-5_shilling_George_VI_1949.png 2x" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption>Five-shilling coin featuring King George VI, 1949</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration_of_1926" title="Balfour Declaration of 1926">Balfour Declaration of 1926</a> provided the dominions the right to be considered equal to <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a>, rather than subordinate; an agreement that had the result of, in theory, a shared Crown that operated independently in South Africa rather than a unitary British Crown under which all the dominions were secondary. The monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, and henceforth became a "domesticated" establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a> further increased the sovereignty of the self-governing <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a>, and also bound them all to seek each other's approval for changes to monarchical titles and the common line of succession. As the statute removed nearly all of the British parliament's authority to legislate for the Dominions, it had the effect of making the Dominions largely sovereign nations in their own right.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> was not among the Dominions that needed to adopt the Statute of Westminster for it to take effect, the <a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Union_Act,_1934" title="Status of the Union Act, 1934">Status of the Union Act, 1934</a> was passed to confirm South Africa's status as a fully sovereign state.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It declared the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> to be a "sovereign independent state" and explicitly adopted the Statute of Westminster into South African law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Title">Title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> with the Commonwealth prime ministers during <a href="/wiki/1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference" title="1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference">their conference</a> in December 1952</figcaption></figure> <p>Until the early part of the 20th century, the monarch's title throughout the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> was determined exclusively by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>. The preamble to the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a> established the convention requiring the consent of all the Dominions' parliaments, as well as that of the United Kingdom, to any alterations to the monarch's style and title. It had been decided among the realms in 1949 that each should have its own monarchical title, but with common elements. At the <a href="/wiki/1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference" title="1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference">1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference</a>, Commonwealth prime ministers agreed that each member of the Commonwealth "should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all".<sup id="cite_ref-book_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was decided that the monarch's title in all her realms have, as their common element, the description of the Sovereign as "Queen of Her Realms and Territories and Head of the Commonwealth". The parliament of each realm passed its own Royal Style and Titles Act before <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation of Elizabeth II">Elizabeth's coronation</a> in June of the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-book_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Style and Titles Act 1953, passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">Parliament of South Africa</a>, rendered the Queen's South African style and title in three languages: </p> <ul><li>In English: <i>Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth</i><sup id="cite_ref-SAAct_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAAct-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suid_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suid-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Afrikaans: <i>Elizabeth II, Koningin van Suid-Afrika en van Haar ander Koninkryke en Gebiede, Hoof van die Statebond</i><sup id="cite_ref-SAAct_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAAct-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suid_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suid-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Latin: <i>Elizabeth II, Africae Australis regnorumque suo rum ceterorum Regina, consortionis populorum Princeps</i><sup id="cite_ref-SAAct_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAAct-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession">Succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica1937georgeVI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SouthAfrica1937georgeVI.jpg/220px-SouthAfrica1937georgeVI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SouthAfrica1937georgeVI.jpg/330px-SouthAfrica1937georgeVI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/SouthAfrica1937georgeVI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>South African stamps commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of George VI">coronation of George VI</a>, 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>By <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">convention</a>, succession in South Africa was deferred to the laws of the United Kingdom; whoever was monarch of Britain was automatically the monarch of South Africa. <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Succession in Britain</a> was by <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">male-preference primogeniture</a> governed by <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights 1689</a>. These legislations limited the succession to the natural (i.e. non-<a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">adopted</a>), legitimate descendants of <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover" title="Sophia of Hanover">Sophia, Electress of Hanover</a>, and stipulated that the monarch cannot be a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> and must be in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> upon ascending the throne. However, the United Kingdom and the British Dominions agreed, via adopting the Statute of Westminster, not to change the rules of succession without the unanimous consent of the other realms, unless explicitly leaving the shared monarchy relationship. For instance, in 1937, the Parliament of South Africa had to pass the <i><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty_King_Edward_the_Eighth%27s_Abdication_Act,_1937" title="His Majesty King Edward the Eighth's Abdication Act, 1937">His Majesty King Edward the Eighth's Abdication Act, 1937</a></i> to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">abdication</a> of <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a> and the succession to the throne of <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a>, that occurred in December 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon a <a href="/wiki/Demise_of_the_Crown" title="Demise of the Crown">demise of the Crown</a> (the death or abdication of a sovereign), it was customary for the accession of the new monarch to be publicly proclaimed by the governor-general after the accession.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of any proclamations, the late sovereign's heir immediately and automatically succeeded, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony. An appropriate period of mourning also followed, after which the new monarch was <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">crowned in an ancient ritual</a> in the United Kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_role">Constitutional role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Constitutional role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;"><p><small><i>Like all nations, you have hard problems to solve in the aftermath of war; but statesmanship has not failed you in the past 100 years, and I am confident it will guide you steadily towards a just and contented relationship between all dwellers in your many-people land. By achieving such a relationship you can show to the troubled world how peoples of different race and colour may live and work together for the common good.</i></small></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a>, 1947<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The structure of the government of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> was similar to the government of other <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a>. The monarch was represented in the Union by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">governor-general of South Africa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive">Executive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Executive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All executive authority was vested in the monarch, and was exercised by the governor-general on the monarch's behalf. The governor-general appointed an Executive Council, to advise him on how to execute the executive powers in the government of the Union. All executive councillors held office during the viceroy's pleasure.<sup id="cite_ref-exe_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though not explicitly provided for by the South Africa Act, the office of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">Prime Minister of South Africa</a> was also established as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> and, like other government ministers, the prime minister was required to be a member of either house of Parliament. As in other British Dominions, the governor-general appointed the leader of the largest political party in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> of Parliament as prime minister. </p><p>The governor-general additionally appointed members of the Executive Council as ministers to administer departments of State of the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-exe_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legislative power of the Union was vested in the Parliament, which consisted of the monarch, a Senate, and a House of Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-parl_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monarch and the governor-general did not, however, participate in the legislative process; they only took part in the granting of <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>. The viceroy could return any bill presented to him by the House, with certain amendments he might recommend. The viceroy could also withhold assent, or reserve the bill for the signification of the monarch's pleasure. The monarch also had the power to disallow any act within one year after it was assented by the governor-general. After the granting of royal assent, the Clerk of the House of Assembly was responsible for enrolling two copies of the act, one in English and the other in Dutch, in the records of the office of the Registrar of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-parl_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further, the constitution outlined that the governor-general alone was responsible for appointing senators. Every senator and every member of the House of Assembly was required to make an oath or affirmation of allegiance to the monarch before taking office.<sup id="cite_ref-parl_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1023981488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 30em;"><p>I, <i>(name)</i>, do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His [or Her] Majesty [specify the name of the reigning Sovereign], His [or Her] heirs and successors according to law. So help me God.<sup id="cite_ref-parl_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Oath of Allegiance to the Sovereign of South Africa</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The governor-general was also responsible for summoning, proroguing, and <a href="/wiki/Dissolving_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolving parliament">dissolving parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-parl_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts">Courts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The South Africa Act established a Supreme Court for the Union. The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_South_Africa" title="Chief Justice of South Africa">Chief Justice of South Africa</a>, the ordinary judges of appeal, and all other judges of the Supreme Court were appointed by the governor-general.<sup id="cite_ref-jud_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jud-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In case of incapacity of any judge, the governor-general could appoint any other judge of the Supreme Court of South Africa to temporarily discharge the required duties as the case may be.<sup id="cite_ref-jud_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jud-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_role">Cultural role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cultural role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Official_Birthday" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Official Birthday">Sovereign's Birthday</a> was commemorated on the second Monday in July with a public holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crown_and_Honours">The Crown and Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Crown and Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meritorious_Service_Medal_(South_Africa)_George_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Meritorious_Service_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_George_V.jpg/129px-Meritorious_Service_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_George_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Meritorious_Service_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_George_V.jpg/194px-Meritorious_Service_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_George_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Meritorious_Service_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_George_V.jpg/258px-Meritorious_Service_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_George_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="649" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(South_Africa)" title="Meritorious Service Medal (South Africa)">Meritorious Service Medal (South Africa)</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WW2_Africa_Star.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WW2_Africa_Star.jpg/113px-WW2_Africa_Star.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WW2_Africa_Star.jpg/170px-WW2_Africa_Star.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WW2_Africa_Star.jpg/226px-WW2_Africa_Star.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Africa_Star" title="Africa Star">Africa Star</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Efficiency_Medal_(South_Africa)_Elizabeth_II_v1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Efficiency_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_Elizabeth_II_v1.jpg/138px-Efficiency_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_Elizabeth_II_v1.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Efficiency_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_Elizabeth_II_v1.jpg/207px-Efficiency_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_Elizabeth_II_v1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Efficiency_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_Elizabeth_II_v1.jpg/276px-Efficiency_Medal_%28South_Africa%29_Elizabeth_II_v1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="370" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Medal_(South_Africa)" title="Efficiency Medal (South Africa)">Efficiency Medal (South Africa)</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Various medals and decorations of South Africa featuring the monarch's effigy, the Royal Crown or the Royal Cypher</div></div></div></div> <p>The monarch, as the <a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">fount of honour</a>, conferred awards and honours in South Africa in his or her name. Most of them were awarded on the advice of South African ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Depictions of the Royal Crown, the Royal Cypher or the sovereign's likeness, appeared on various medals and decorations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crown_and_the_Armed_Forces">The Crown and the Armed Forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Crown and the Armed Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:213px;max-width:213px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:69px;max-width:69px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa-Army-OF-5-1928.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/South_Africa-Army-OF-5-1928.svg/67px-South_Africa-Army-OF-5-1928.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/South_Africa-Army-OF-5-1928.svg/101px-South_Africa-Army-OF-5-1928.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/South_Africa-Army-OF-5-1928.svg/134px-South_Africa-Army-OF-5-1928.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:69px;max-width:69px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa-Army-OF-4-1928.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/South_Africa-Army-OF-4-1928.svg/67px-South_Africa-Army-OF-4-1928.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/South_Africa-Army-OF-4-1928.svg/101px-South_Africa-Army-OF-4-1928.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/South_Africa-Army-OF-4-1928.svg/134px-South_Africa-Army-OF-4-1928.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:69px;max-width:69px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa-Army-OF-3-1928.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/South_Africa-Army-OF-3-1928.svg/67px-South_Africa-Army-OF-3-1928.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/South_Africa-Army-OF-3-1928.svg/101px-South_Africa-Army-OF-3-1928.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/South_Africa-Army-OF-3-1928.svg/134px-South_Africa-Army-OF-3-1928.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The rank insignia of a Colonel (left), Lieutenant-Colonel (centre), and Major (right) in the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Army" title="South African Army">Union of South Africa Army</a> (1928–1953) featuring the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown" title="Tudor Crown">Tudor Crown</a></div></div></div></div> <p>The command-in-chief of the naval and military forces of the Union of South Africa was vested in the monarch, and was exercised by the governor-general as their representative.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>References to the Royal Crown appeared on various regimental badges and rank insignia, which illustrated the monarchy as the locus of authority. In 1957, due to growing republicanism, the Crown was either removed from the badges of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Defence_Force" title="South African Defence Force">defence force</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police" title="South African Police">police</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SAR_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or replaced with the Union Lion from the crest of the country's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa#1910_arms" title="Coat of arms of South Africa">coat of arms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, the "Royal" title was dropped from the names of some <a href="/wiki/South_African_Army" title="South African Army">South African Army</a> regiments, such as the <a href="/wiki/Natal_Carbineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Natal Carbineers">Natal Carbineers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 1952, <a href="/wiki/South_African_Navy" title="South African Navy">South African Naval</a> vessels bore the <a href="/wiki/Ship_prefix" title="Ship prefix">ship prefix</a> <i>HMSAS</i>, i.e., <i>His Majesty's South African Ship</i>, and it was thereafter replaced by <i>SAS</i>, i.e., <i>South African Ship</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_visits">Royal visits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Royal visits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth,_mother_of_Elizabeth_II_of_Great_Britain,_in_South_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Queen_Elizabeth%2C_mother_of_Elizabeth_II_of_Great_Britain%2C_in_South_Africa.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth%2C_mother_of_Elizabeth_II_of_Great_Britain%2C_in_South_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Queen_Elizabeth%2C_mother_of_Elizabeth_II_of_Great_Britain%2C_in_South_Africa.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth%2C_mother_of_Elizabeth_II_of_Great_Britain%2C_in_South_Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Queen_Elizabeth%2C_mother_of_Elizabeth_II_of_Great_Britain%2C_in_South_Africa.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth%2C_mother_of_Elizabeth_II_of_Great_Britain%2C_in_South_Africa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a>, and Princesses <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Margaret</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_South_Africa" title="Worcester, South Africa">Worcester</a> Station, Cape Province, 1947</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1860, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, the second son and fourth child of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, became the first member of the royal family to visit South Africa. Later, in 1901, the then Duke and Duchess of Cornwall (later <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a>) visited South Africa during an extensive tour of the British Empire. Their eldest son, Edward, Prince of Wales (later <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a>), toured the country in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-tatler_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tatler-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AfSud_stamp_eng_royal_couple_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AfSud_stamp_eng_royal_couple_1947.jpg/220px-AfSud_stamp_eng_royal_couple_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AfSud_stamp_eng_royal_couple_1947.jpg/330px-AfSud_stamp_eng_royal_couple_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AfSud_stamp_eng_royal_couple_1947.jpg/440px-AfSud_stamp_eng_royal_couple_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption>Stamp commemorating the 1947 royal visit</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1947, King George VI, his wife <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a>, and their daughters Princesses <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Margaret</a>, visited the country, during a three-month tour of Southern Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-tatler_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tatler-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 February 1947, King George VI, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth, opened a new session of the South African Parliament, the first state opening of a Dominion parliament by a reigning monarch. In his speech, the King spoke in both English and Afrikaans, and thanked South Africa for its support during the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was in South Africa that Princess Elizabeth notably celebrated her 21st birthday and delivered the <a href="/wiki/21st_birthday_speech_of_Princess_Elizabeth" title="21st birthday speech of Princess Elizabeth">famous broadcast to the Empire</a> on 21 April, in which she said, "I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great imperial family to which we all belong".<sup id="cite_ref-tatler_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tatler-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, due to the South African Government's <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> regime soon after the 1947 visit, royal visits to South Africa came to a halt, despite Elizabeth II being Queen of South Africa until 1961. Nearly half a century later, the Queen and her husband <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> undertook a state visit to South Africa in 1995, in support of reconciliation with the new South African government, and were hosted by President <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>. The Queen returned to South Africa for the <a href="/wiki/1999_Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="1999 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">16th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</a> in Durban in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-tatler_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tatler-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Republicanism">Republicanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Republicanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1940, <a href="/wiki/D._F._Malan" title="D. F. Malan">D. F. Malan</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog">J. B. M. Hertzog</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/Herenigde_Nasionale_Party" title="Herenigde Nasionale Party">Herenigde Nasionale Party</a> (or "Reunited National Party") which pledged to fight for "a free independent republic, separated from the British Crown and Empire", and "to remove, step by step, all anomalies which hamper the fullest expression of our national freedom".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1942, details of a draft republican constitution were published in Afrikaans-language newspapers <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Burger" title="Die Burger">Die Burger</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Transvaler" title="Die Transvaler">Die Transvaler</a></i>, which provided for a State President, elected by white citizens known as <i>Burgers</i> only, who would be "only responsible to God... for his deeds in the fulfilment of his duties".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the matter of continued Commonwealth membership, the view of <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Broederbond" title="Afrikaner Broederbond">Afrikaner Broederbond</a> was that "departure from the Commonwealth as soon as possible remains a cardinal aspect of our republican aim".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a>, now led by <a href="/wiki/D._F._Malan" title="D. F. Malan">D. F. Malan</a>, came to power, although it did not campaign for a republic during the <a href="/wiki/1948_South_African_general_election" title="1948 South African general election">election</a>, instead favouring remaining in the Commonwealth, thereby appealing to Afrikaners who otherwise might have voted for the <a href="/wiki/United_Party_(South_Africa)" title="United Party (South Africa)">United Party</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malan's successor as Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gerhardus_Strijdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom">J. G. Strijdom</a>, also downplayed the republic issue, stating that no steps would be taken towards that end before 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strijdom stated that the matter of whether South Africa would be a republic inside or outside the Commonwealth would be decided "with a view to circumstances then prevailing".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like his precessor, Strijdom declared the party's belief that a republic could only be proclaimed on the basis "of the broad will of the people".<sup id="cite_ref-SArep_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SArep-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referendum_and_abolition">Referendum and abolition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Referendum and abolition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On becoming Prime Minister in 1958, <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Verwoerd" title="Hendrik Verwoerd">Hendrik Verwoerd</a> gave a speech to Parliament in which he declared: "We stand unequivocally and clearly for the establishment of the republic in the correct manner and at the appropriate time".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, Verwoerd announced plans to hold a <a href="/wiki/1960_South_African_republic_referendum" title="1960 South African republic referendum">whites-only referendum on the establishment of a republic</a>, with a bill to that effect being introduced in Parliament on 23 April of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Referendum Act received assent on 3 June 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In hopes of winning the support of those opposed to a republic, not only English-speaking whites but Afrikaners still supporting the United Party, Verwoerd proposed that constitutional changes would be minimal, with the Queen simply being replaced as head of state by a <a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President</a>, the office of which would be a ceremonial post rather than an executive one.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Natal_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Natal Province">Natal</a>, the only province with an <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">English</a>-speaking majority of whites, there was strong anti-republican sentiment; in 1955, the small Federal Party issued a pamphlet <i>The Case Against the Republic</i>, while the Anti-Republican League organised public demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The League, founded by Arthur Selby, the Federal Party's chairman, launched the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Covenant#Natal_Covenant" title="Ulster Covenant">Natal Covenant</a> in opposition to the plans for a republic, signed by 33,000 Natalians.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeffery_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffery-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the day of the referendum, the <i><a href="/wiki/Natal_Witness" class="mw-redirect" title="Natal Witness">Natal Witness</a></i>, the province's daily English-language newspaper warned its readers that: "Not to vote against the Republic is to help those who would cut us loose from our moorings, and set us adrift in a treacherous and uncharted sea, at the very time that the winds of change are blowing up to hurricane force".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Party government subsequently organised the referendum on 5 October 1960. The vote, which was restricted to <a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">whites</a> — the first such national election <a href="/wiki/Cape_qualified_franchise" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape qualified franchise">in the Union</a> — was narrowly approved by 52.29% of the voters.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CR_Swart_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CR_Swart_1960.jpg/220px-CR_Swart_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CR_Swart_1960.jpg/330px-CR_Swart_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CR_Swart_1960.jpg/440px-CR_Swart_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/C._R._Swart" title="C. R. Swart">Charles R. Swart</a>, last Governor-General and first <a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President of South Africa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of South Africa">Republic of South Africa</a> was declared on 31 May 1961, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> ceased to be <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, and the last <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_the_Union_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of the Union of South Africa">Governor General of the Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robberts_Swart" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Robberts Swart">Charles R. Swart</a>, took office as the first <a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hocking_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hocking-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth_membership">Commonwealth membership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Commonwealth membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally every independent country in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominion</a> – sharing a monarch with the United Kingdom and the other dominions. The 1949 <a href="/wiki/London_Declaration" title="London Declaration">London Declaration</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">India becoming a republic</a> allowed countries with a different head of state to join or remain in the Commonwealth, but only by unanimous consent of the other members. The governments of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1956" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1956">in 1956</a>) and, later, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> (<a href="/wiki/1960_Ghanaian_constitutional_referendum" title="1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum">in 1960</a>) availed themselves of this principle, and the National Party had not ruled out South Africa's continued membership of the Commonwealth were there a vote in favour of a republic.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Commonwealth by 1960 included new <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> members, whose rulers saw the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> state's membership as an affront to the organisation's new <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> principles. <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a>, then Chief Minister of <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika (territory)">Tanganyika</a>, indicated that his country, which was due to gain independence in 1961, would not join the Commonwealth were apartheid South Africa to remain a member.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy2013_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy2013-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Conference" title="Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference">Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference</a> was convened <a href="/wiki/1961_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Conference" title="1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference">in March 1961</a>, a year ahead of schedule, to address the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Verwoerd stirred up a confrontation, causing many members to threaten to withdraw if South Africa's renewal of membership application was accepted. As a result, South Africa's membership application was withdrawn, meaning that upon its becoming a republic on 31 May 1961, the country's Commonwealth membership simply lapsed. </p><p>Following the end of apartheid, South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth in 1994, thirty-three years and one day the republic was established.<sup id="cite_ref-returns_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-returns-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_South_African_monarchs">List of South African monarchs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: List of South African monarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">No. </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width:20%;">Regnal name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small> </th> <th colspan="2">Reign over South Africa </th> <th rowspan="2">Full name </th> <th rowspan="2">Consort </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>1</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_V_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/King_George_V_1911.jpg/120px-King_George_V_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/King_George_V_1911.jpg/180px-King_George_V_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/King_George_V_1911.jpg/240px-King_George_V_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="1499" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></b><br /><small>(1865–1936)</small> </td> <td>31 May 1910 </td> <td>20 January 1936 </td> <td>George Frederick Ernest Albert </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><u>Governors-general:</u> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gladstone,_1st_Viscount_Gladstone" title="Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone">Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Buxton,_1st_Earl_Buxton" title="Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton">Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur_of_Connaught" title="Prince Arthur of Connaught">Prince Arthur of Connaught</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cambridge,_1st_Earl_of_Athlone" title="Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone">Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_6th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon">George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon</a><br /><u>Prime ministers:</u> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Botha" title="Louis Botha">Louis Botha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Christian_Smuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Christian Smuts">Jan Christian Smuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog">J. B. M. Hertzog</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>2</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:His_Majesty_King_Edward_VIII_in_Garter_Robes_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/His_Majesty_King_Edward_VIII_in_Garter_Robes_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-His_Majesty_King_Edward_VIII_in_Garter_Robes_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/His_Majesty_King_Edward_VIII_in_Garter_Robes_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-His_Majesty_King_Edward_VIII_in_Garter_Robes_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/His_Majesty_King_Edward_VIII_in_Garter_Robes_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-His_Majesty_King_Edward_VIII_in_Garter_Robes_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="646" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></b><br /><small>(1894–1972)</small> </td> <td>20 January 1936 </td> <td>10 December 1936<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David </td> <td><i>None</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><u>Governors-general:</u> <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_6th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon">George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon</a><br /><u>Prime ministers:</u> <a href="/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog">J. B. M. Hertzog</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>3</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/King_George_VI.jpg/120px-King_George_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/King_George_VI.jpg/180px-King_George_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/King_George_VI.jpg/240px-King_George_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="1439" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></b><br /><small>(1895–1952)</small> </td> <td>10 December 1936 </td> <td>6 February 1952 </td> <td>Albert Frederick Arthur George </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><u>Governors-general:</u> <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_6th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon">George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Duncan_(South_African_politician)" title="Patrick Duncan (South African politician)">Sir Patrick Duncan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Brand_van_Zyl" title="Gideon Brand van Zyl">Gideon Brand van Zyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_George_Jansen" title="Ernest George Jansen">Ernest George Jansen</a><br /><u>Prime ministers:</u> <a href="/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog">J. B. M. Hertzog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Christian_Smuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Christian Smuts">Jan Christian Smuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._F._Malan" title="D. F. Malan">D. F. Malan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>4</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/120px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/180px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/240px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></b><br /><small>(1926–2022)</small> </td> <td>6 February 1952 </td> <td>31 May 1961 </td> <td>Elizabeth Alexandra Mary </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mountbatten" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Mountbatten">Philip Mountbatten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><u>Governors-general:</u> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_George_Jansen" title="Ernest George Jansen">Ernest George Jansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robberts_Swart" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Robberts Swart">Charles Robberts Swart</a><br /><u>Prime ministers:</u> <a href="/wiki/D._F._Malan" title="D. F. Malan">D. F. Malan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gerhardus_Strijdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom">Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Verwoerd" title="Hendrik Verwoerd">Hendrik Verwoerd</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-boer-war-ends">"The Boer War ends in South Africa"</a>. <i>History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=The+Boer+War+ends+in+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fthe-boer-war-ends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2018/06/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-orange-free-state-and-transvaal-in-southern-africa/">"The Rise and Fall of the Orange Free State and Transvaal in Southern Africa"</a>. <i>Library of Congress Blogs</i>. 28 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress+Blogs&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Orange+Free+State+and+Transvaal+in+Southern+Africa&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.loc.gov%2Fmaps%2F2018%2F06%2Fthe-rise-and-fall-of-the-orange-free-state-and-transvaal-in-southern-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/South-Africa-Act">"South Africa Act"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=South+Africa+Act&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FSouth-Africa-Act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exe-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exe_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exe_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exe_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See part 3 of South Africa Act, 1909.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Balfour-Report">"Balfour Report | United Kingdom [1926]"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Balfour+Report+%7C+United+Kingdom+%5B1926%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBalfour-Report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Statute-of-Westminster">"Statute of Westminster"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Statute+of+Westminster&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FStatute-of-Westminster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDugardBethlehemDu_Plessis2005" class="citation book cs1">Dugard, John; Bethlehem, Daniel L.; Du Plessis, Max (2005). <i>International law: a South African perspective</i>. Juta & Co. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7021-7121-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7021-7121-5"><bdi>978-0-7021-7121-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+law%3A+a+South+African+perspective&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Juta+%26+Co.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7021-7121-5&rft.aulast=Dugard&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Bethlehem%2C+Daniel+L.&rft.au=Du+Plessis%2C+Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-book_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-book_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwomey2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Twomey_(academic)" title="Anne Twomey (academic)">Twomey, Anne</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YrOFei5WRRkC&pg=PA105"><i>The Chameleon Crown</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-629-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-629-3"><bdi>978-1-86287-629-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chameleon+Crown&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86287-629-3&rft.aulast=Twomey&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYrOFei5WRRkC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoates2006" class="citation book cs1">Coates, Colin Macmillan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FhFyvhpPx8MC&pg=PA143"><i>Majesty in Canada</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-586-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-586-6"><bdi>978-1-55002-586-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Majesty+in+Canada&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-55002-586-6&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Colin+Macmillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFhFyvhpPx8MC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAAct-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SAAct_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAAct_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAAct_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Act 6 of 1953 "Royal Style and Titles Act, 1953". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.parliament.na/cms_documents/gg-5018-790c9cd4e8.pdf">The Union of South Africa Government Gazette Extraordinary, vol. CLXXI, 4 March 1953, pages 12-13</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190826121455/https://laws.parliament.na/cms_documents/gg-5018-790c9cd4e8.pdf">Archived</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suid-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suid_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suid_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archontology.org/nations/south_africa/00_1910_1961_s.php">"South Africa: Heads of State: 1910-1961"</a>. archontology.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Africa%3A+Heads+of+State%3A+1910-1961&rft.pub=archontology.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archontology.org%2Fnations%2Fsouth_africa%2F00_1910_1961_s.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PsMrAQAAIAAJ"><i>Constitutional Law: An Outline of the Law and Practice of the Constitution, Including Central and Local Government, the Citizen and the State and Administrative Law</i></a>, Longmans, 1965, p. 441</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Law%3A+An+Outline+of+the+Law+and+Practice+of+the+Constitution%2C+Including+Central+and+Local+Government%2C+the+Citizen+and+the+State+and+Administrative+Law&rft.pages=441&rft.pub=Longmans&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPsMrAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_South_Africa1952" class="citation journal cs1">Government of South Africa (7 February 1952). "Proclamation No. 12 of 1952". <i><a href="/wiki/Government_Gazette_of_South_Africa" title="Government Gazette of South Africa">Government Gazette Extraordinary</a></i>. <b>CLXVII</b> (4781). Queen's Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Gazette+Extraordinary&rft.atitle=Proclamation+No.+12+of+1952&rft.volume=CLXVII&rft.issue=4781&rft.date=1952-02-07&rft.au=Government+of+South+Africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@dawn.nell/24-carat-safari-queen-elizabeth-iis-first-southern-african-tour-7294bce8c42f">"24-Carat Safari: Queen Elizabeth II's first southern African tour"</a>. <i>Medium</i>. 11 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft.atitle=24-Carat+Safari%3A+Queen+Elizabeth+II%27s+first+southern+African+tour&rft.date=2022-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40dawn.nell%2F24-carat-safari-queen-elizabeth-iis-first-southern-african-tour-7294bce8c42f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilary_Sapire2011" class="citation cs2">Hilary Sapire (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23017288">"African Loyalism and Its Discontents: The Royal Tour of South Africa, 1947"</a>, <i>The Historical Journal</i>, <b>54</b> (1): 224, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23017288">23017288</a> – via JSTOR</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=African+Loyalism+and+Its+Discontents%3A+The+Royal+Tour+of+South+Africa%2C+1947&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=224&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23017288%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Hilary+Sapire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23017288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parl-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-parl_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parl_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parl_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parl_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parl_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See part 4 of South Africa Act, 1909.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jud-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jud_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jud_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See part 6 of South Africa Act, 1909.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNw7AAAAMAAJ&q=%22Queen%27s+Birthday%22+"><i>State of South Africa; Economic, Financial and Statistical Yearbook for the Union of South Africa</i></a>, Closer Union Society, Da Gama Publishers, 1961, page 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37409" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37409/supplement/153">"No. 37409"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 28 December 1945. pp. 153–156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37409&rft.pages=153-156&rft.date=1945-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37409%2Fsupplement%2F153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette36546" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36546/supplement/2663">"No. 36546"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 2 June 1944. pp. 2663–2665.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+36546&rft.pages=2663-2665&rft.date=1944-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F36546%2Fsupplement%2F2663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See section 17 of South Africa Act, 1909.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAR-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAR_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vPZOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1QAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3563%2C3302978">South African Republicanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Blade" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo Blade">Toledo Blade</a></i>, 30 January 1958</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ViMrAQAAIAAJ&q=%22When+the+crown+had+to+be+replaced+in+cap%2C+rank+and+branch+badges+for+all+ranks+in+1961%22"><i>The South African flag book: the history of South African flags from Dias to Mandela</i></a>, A. P. Burgers, Protea Book House, 2008, page 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mxEzAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Royal+Natal+Carbineers%22+1961+republic"><i>Web of Experience: An Autobiography</i></a>, Jack Vincent, J. Vincent, 1988, page 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RrwgAQAAIAAJ&q=%22prefix+of+all+South+African+naval+vessels+were+changed+from+HMSAS+to+SAS%22"><i>Scientiae Militaria</i></a>, Volume 27, Faculty of Military Science (Military Academy), University of Stellenbosch, 1997, page 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tatler-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tatler_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tatler_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tatler_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tatler_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tatler.com/article/history-relationship-south-africa-british-royal-family">"History of the Royal Family's relationship with South Africa, as King Charles III welcomes President Cyril Ramaphosa"</a>. <i>Tatler</i>. 22 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tatler&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Royal+Family%27s+relationship+with+South+Africa%2C+as+King+Charles+III+welcomes+President+Cyril+Ramaphosa&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tatler.com%2Farticle%2Fhistory-relationship-south-africa-british-royal-family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/132851732">"King Opens Parliament In S. 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Dunbar Moodie, University of California Press, 1975, page 283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whitelaagerriseo0000vatc"><i>White Laager: The Rise of Afrikaner Nationalism</i></a>, William Henry Vatcher, Praeger, 1965, pages 171-172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=exwzAAAAIAAJ&q=%22referendum+act%22"><i>Statutes of the Union of South Africa</i></a>, Government Print. and Stationery Office, 1960, page xi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LgwWMUbyNVUC&q=%22simply+be+replaced%22&pg=PA161"><i>The White Tribe of Africa</i></a>, David Harrison, University of California Press, 1983, pp. 160-161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n1MNAQAAIAAJ&q=%22It+was+also+stated+that+a+simple+majority+in+favour+would+be+considered+to+be+decisive%22"><i>Parliaments of South Africa</i></a>, J J N Cloete, J.L. van Schaik, 1985, page 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtBBAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Anti-Republican+League%22+South+Africa"><i>Natalians First: Separatism in South Africa, 1909-1961</i></a>, Paul Singer Thompson, Southern Book Publishers, 1990, pages 154-156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeffery-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jeffery_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffery1996" class="citation book cs1">Jeffery, Keith (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUTpAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA200"><i>An Irish Empire?: Aspects of Ireland and the British Empire</i></a>. Manchester University Press. pp. 199–201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719038730" title="Special:BookSources/9780719038730"><bdi>9780719038730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Irish+Empire%3F%3A+Aspects+of+Ireland+and+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=199-201&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780719038730&rft.aulast=Jeffery&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUTpAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qYohAQAAQBAJ&dq=natal%20witness%20republic%201960&pg=PA55">Whirlwind, Hurricane, Howling Tempest: The Wind of Change and the British World</a>, Stuart Ward, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5TUhAQAAQBAJ&q=The+Wind+of+Change:+Harold+Macmillan+and+British+Decolonization"><i>The Wind of Change: Harold Macmillan and British Decolonization</i></a>, L. Butler, S. Stockwell, Springer, 2013, page 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iejIDQAAQBAJ&dq=%22south+west+africa%22+%22republic%22+%22referendum%22&pg=PA1289"><i>The Statesman's Year-Book 1975-76</i></a>, J. Paxton, 1976, Macmillan, page 1289</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/hendrik-frensch-verwoerd">"Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd"</a>. South African History Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2013</span>. <q>On 5 October 1960 a referendum was held in which White voters were asked "Do you support a republic for the Union?" — 52 percent voted 'Yes'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hendrik+Frensch+Verwoerd&rft.pub=South+African+History+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fpeople%2Fhendrik-frensch-verwoerd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hocking-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hocking_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7TENAQAAIAAJ&q=governor+general"><i>South African Government</i></a>, Anthony Hocking, Macdonald South Africa, 1977, page 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/search?num=30&hl=en&tbm=bks&ei=XhClW4HXOsyfsAG9k6KoCA&q=%22the+South+African+republic+would+be+within+the+Commonwealth%2C+and+that%2C+when+the+result+of+the+referendum+was+known%2C+this+intention+would+definitely+be+implemented%22&oq=%22the+South+African+republic+would+be+within+the+Commonwealth%2C+and+that%2C+when+the+result+of+the+referendum+was+known%2C+this+intention+would+definitely+be+implemented%22&gs_l=psy-ab.3...3170974.3175154.0.3176737.3.3.0.0.0.0.141.205.1j1.2.0....0...1c.1j2.64.psy-ab..1.0.0....0.Z9h4pnKmyAw"><i>The Conservative Government and the End of Empire 1957-1964: Economics, international relations, and the Commonwealth</i></a>, Ronald Hyam, Stationery Office, 2000, page 409</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy2013-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murphy2013_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2013" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Philip (December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OkYXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA74"><i>Monarchy and the End of Empire: The House of Windsor, the British Government, and the Postwar Commonwealth</i></a>. Oxford: OUP. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199214235" title="Special:BookSources/9780199214235"><bdi>9780199214235</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monarchy+and+the+End+of+Empire%3A+The+House+of+Windsor%2C+the+British+Government%2C+and+the+Postwar+Commonwealth&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=2013-12&rft.isbn=9780199214235&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOkYXAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vwswAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BQEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7287%2C2135537">South Africa Vote Indicates Nation Will Break Ties To Commonwealth</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Blade" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo Blade">Toledo Blade</a></i>, 6 October 1960</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-returns-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-returns_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/south-africa-returns-to-the-commonwealth-fold-1419686.html">South Africa returns to the Commonwealth fold</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, 1 June 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty_King_Edward_the_Eighth%27s_Abdication_Act,_1937" title="His Majesty King Edward the Eighth's Abdication Act, 1937">His Majesty King Edward the Eighth's Abdication Act, 1937</a> (Act No. 2 of 1937)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_realms" title="Template:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_realms" title="Template talk:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_realms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarchy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Fiji" title="Dominion of Fiji">Fiji</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_(1965%E2%80%931970)" title="The Gambia (1965–1970)">The Gambia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ghana" title="Dominion of Ghana">Ghana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_(1966%E2%80%931970)" title="Guyana (1966–1970)">Guyana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_head_of_state_from_1922_to_1949" title="Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_(1963%E2%80%931964)" title="Kenya (1963–1964)">Kenya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malawi#Independence" title="History of Malawi">Malawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">Malta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_(1968%E2%80%931992)" title="Mauritius (1968–1992)">Mauritius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nigeria" title="Federation of Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Nigeria_(1960%E2%80%931963)" title="Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a><sup>2</sup></i> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_(1961%E2%80%931971)" title="Sierra Leone (1961–1971)">Sierra Leone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_(1962%E2%80%931963)" title="Uganda (1962–1963)">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">monarchy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd><sup>1</sup> <span class="wrap">Annexed by Canada in 1949</span></dd> <dd><sup>2</sup> <span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally. Declared itself a republic in 1970.</span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_VI" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_VI" title="Template:George VI"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_VI" title="Template talk:George VI"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_VI" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George VI"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_VI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominion#Dominions" title="Dominion">British Dominions</a> (1936–1952), <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a> (1936–1947)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dominions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_head_of_state_from_1922_to_1949" title="Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood" title="Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood">Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_John_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prince John of the United Kingdom">Prince John</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Albert_and_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon" title="Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Abdication of Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_George_VI" title="Proclamation of accession of George VI">Proclamation of accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_George_VI_and_Elizabeth" title="Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participants_in_the_coronation_processions_of_George_VI" title="List of participants in the coronation processions of George VI">Participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Coronation_Honours" title="1937 Coronation Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Coronation_Medal" title="King George VI Coronation Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pewsey_White_Horse" title="Pewsey White Horse">Pewsey White Horse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_overseas_trips_made_by_George_VI" title="List of official overseas trips made by George VI">State and official visits made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1939_royal_tour_of_Canada" title="1939 royal tour of Canada">1939 royal tour of Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_received_by_George_VI" title="List of state visits received by George VI">State visits received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_VI" title="Death and state funeral of George VI">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_George_VI" title="List of prime ministers of George VI">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent,_1947" title="Letters Patent, 1947">Letters Patent, 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_George_VI" title="List of titles and honours of George VI">Titles and honours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_VI" title="Cultural depictions of George VI">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Radio addresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch#George_VI" title="Special address by the British monarch">Royal address to the nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">Royal Christmas Message</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_and_Elizabeth" title="Bertie and Elizabeth"><i>Bertie and Elizabeth</i> (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill:_The_Hollywood_Years" title="Churchill: The Hollywood Years"><i>Churchill: The Hollywood Years</i> (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_%26_Edward" title="Wallis & Edward"><i>Wallis & Edward</i> (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech"><i>The King's Speech</i> (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E." title="W.E."><i>W.E.</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_on_Hudson" title="Hyde Park on Hudson"><i>Hyde Park on Hudson</i> (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Royal_Night_Out" title="A Royal Night Out"><i>A Royal Night Out</i> (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)"><i>The Crown</i> (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkest_Hour_(film)" title="Darkest Hour (film)"><i>Darkest Hour</i> (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech_(play)" title="The King's Speech (play)"><i>The King's Speech</i> (2012)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_Piece_at_the_Royal_Lodge,_Windsor" title="Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor"><i>Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor</i> (1950)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Statues and<br />memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth_Memorial" title="King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial">King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_VI,_Hong_Kong" title="Statue of George VI, Hong Kong">Statue of George VI, Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_(novel)" title="Fatherland (novel)"><i>Fatherland</i> (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston%27s_War" title="Winston's War"><i>Winston's War</i> (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech:_How_One_Man_Saved_the_British_Monarchy" title="The King's Speech: How One Man Saved the British Monarchy"><i>The King's Speech: How One Man Saved the British Monarchy</i> (2010)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_Order_of_George_VI" title="Royal Family Order of George VI">Royal Family Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Medal" title="George Medal">George Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_and_Dames_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order_appointed_by_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Knights and Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order appointed by George VI">Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_and_Dames_Commander_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order_appointed_by_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Knights and Dames Commander of the Royal Victorian Order appointed by George VI">Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Bridge" title="King George VI Bridge">King George VI Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gate_of_the_Year" title="The Gate of the Year">The Gate of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_station" title="King George station">King George station (Surrey, British Columbia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth_Stakes" title="King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes">King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Chase" title="King George VI Chase">King George VI Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Reservoir" title="King George VI Reservoir">King George VI Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI_Sound" title="George VI Sound">George VI Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">← Edward VIII</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II →</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elizabeth_II" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elizabeth_II" title="Template:Elizabeth II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elizabeth_II" title="Template talk:Elizabeth II"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elizabeth_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of the United Kingdom">Queen of the United Kingdom</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> (1952–2022)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_headed_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of sovereign states headed by Elizabeth II">Realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Nigeria_(1960%E2%80%931963)" title="Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of titles and honours of Elizabeth II">Titles and<br />honours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Faith" title="Defender of the Faith">Defender of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor of the Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_British_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the British Armed Forces">Head of the British Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces">Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces_(New_Zealand)" title="Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)">Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Elizabeth_II" title="List of things named after Elizabeth II">List of things named after Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_Order_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Royal Family Order of Elizabeth II">Royal Family Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cross" title="Elizabeth Cross">Elizabeth Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Emblem" title="Elizabeth Emblem">Elizabeth Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday" title="King's Official Birthday">Queen's Official Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Flags of Elizabeth II">Flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (husband) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Elizabeth_and_Philip_Mountbatten" title="Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten">wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom">wedding dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_and_Philip_Mountbatten%27s_wedding_cakes" title="Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten's wedding cakes">wedding cake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten-Windsor" title="Mountbatten-Windsor">Mountbatten-Windsor</a> family</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accession and<br />coronation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II">Proclamation of accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation of Elizabeth II">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_guests_at_the_coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of royal guests at the coronation of Elizabeth II">Royal guests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participants_in_the_coronation_procession_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of participants in the coronation procession of Elizabeth II">Participants in the procession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_chicken" title="Coronation chicken">Coronation chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_gown_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation gown of Elizabeth II">Coronation gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Coronation_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Coronation_Honours" title="1953 Coronation Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Coronation_Award" title="Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award">Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Arches" title="Coronation Arches">Coronation Arches</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orb_and_Sceptre" title="Orb and Sceptre">Orb and Sceptre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_taste_and_see" title="O taste and see">O taste and see</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treetops_Hotel" title="Treetops Hotel">Treetops Hotel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MacCormick_v_Lord_Advocate" title="MacCormick v Lord Advocate">MacCormick v Lord Advocate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Household_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Household of Elizabeth II">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_and_image_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Personality and image of Elizabeth II">Personality and image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_Box_War" title="Pillar Box War">Pillar Box War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Queen of Rhodesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithgow_Plot" title="Lithgow Plot">Lithgow Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">1975 Australian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_letters" title="Palace letters">Palace letters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Sarjeant" title="Marcus Sarjeant">Marcus Sarjeant incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_John_Lewis" title="Christopher John Lewis">Christopher John Lewis incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fagan_(intruder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Fagan (intruder)">Michael Fagan incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Fijian_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Fijian coups d'état">1987 Fijian coups d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Windsor_Castle_fire" title="1992 Windsor Castle fire">1992 Windsor Castle fire</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annus_horribilis#Elizabeth_II" title="Annus horribilis">Annus horribilis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">Handover of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Death of Diana, Princess of Wales">Death of Diana, Princess of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Australian_republic_referendum" title="1999 Australian republic referendum">1999 Australian republic referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2021 State Opening of Parliament">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2022 State Opening of Parliament">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jubilees_of_British_monarchs#Elizabeth_II" title="List of jubilees of British monarchs">Jubilees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_during_the_Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of events during the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Silver_Jubilee_and_Birthday_Honours" title="1977 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Gardens,_Lambeth" title="Jubilee Gardens, Lambeth">Jubilee Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_line" title="Jubilee line">Jubilee line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Walkway" title="Jubilee Walkway">Jubilee Walkway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Ruby Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Anniversary_Prizes" title="Queen's Anniversary Prizes">Queen's Anniversary Prizes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prom_at_the_Palace" title="Prom at the Palace">Prom at the Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_at_the_Palace" title="Party at the Palace">Party at the Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Golden_Jubilee_Honours" title="2002 Golden Jubilee Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(UK_Roller_Coaster)" title="The Odyssey (UK Roller Coaster)">The Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_royal_tour_of_Canada" title="2002 royal tour of Canada">2002 royal tour of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_Pageant" title="Diamond Jubilee Pageant">Pageant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_Armed_Forces_Parade_and_Muster" title="Diamond Jubilee Armed Forces Parade and Muster">Armed Forces Parade and Muster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Diamond_Jubilee_Pageant" title="Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant">Thames Pageant</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gloriana_(barge)" title="Gloriana (barge)">Gloriana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MV_Spirit_of_Chartwell" title="MV Spirit of Chartwell">Spirit of Chartwell</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_Concert" title="Diamond Jubilee Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Diamond_Jubilee_Flotilla" title="Gibraltar Diamond Jubilee Flotilla">Gibraltar Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Diamond_Jubilee_Honours" title="2012 Diamond Jubilee Honours">Honours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Sapphire Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_Snowflake_Brooch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch">Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Platinum_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Platinum_Jubilee_Beacons" title="The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Beacons">Beacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Party_at_the_Palace" title="Platinum Party at the Palace">Platinum Party at the Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Pageant" title="Platinum Jubilee Pageant">Pageant</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Celebration:_A_Gallop_Through_History" title="Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History">Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Trooping_the_Colour" title="2022 Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_National_Service_of_Thanksgiving" title="Platinum Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving">National Service of Thanksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Pudding" title="Platinum Pudding">Platinum Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Green_Canopy" title="The Queen's Green Canopy">The Queen's Green Canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Civic_Honours" title="Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours">Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas_Platinum_Jubilee_Sailing_Regatta" title="The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta">The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Platinum_Jubilee_Concert" title="The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Concert">The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Jubilee_Read" title="Big Jubilee Read">Big Jubilee Read</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Queenhood" title="Queenhood">Queenhood</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Platinum_Jubilee_Gardens" title="Queen's Platinum Jubilee Gardens">Queen's Platinum Jubilee Gardens</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Death</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II">Death and state funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_death_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Reactions to the death of Elizabeth II">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_for_the_lying-in-state_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Queue for the lying-in-state of Elizabeth II">Queue for the lying-in-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guests_at_the_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of guests at the state funeral of Elizabeth II">Funeral guests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Memorial_Day" title="Queen Elizabeth II Memorial Day">Queen Elizabeth II Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_London_Bridge" title="Operation London Bridge">Operation London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Demise_Honours" title="2023 Demise Honours">Demise Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_as_the_hart_(Weir)" title="Like as the hart (Weir)">Like as the hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_shall_separate_us%3F" title="Who shall separate us?">Who shall separate us?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep,_Dearie,_Sleep" title="Sleep, Dearie, Sleep">Sleep, Dearie, Sleep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_visits_made_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of Commonwealth visits made by Elizabeth II">Commonwealth<br />tours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Aden_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal tours of Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Royal tours of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Australia" title="Royal tours of Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_openings_by_Elizabeth_II_in_Australia" title="List of official openings by Elizabeth II in Australia">official openings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada#Elizabeth_II" title="Royal tours of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal tours of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Jamaica" title="Royal tours of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_visits_to_New_Zealand" title="Royal visits to New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Royal tours of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal tours of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ships_used" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ships used</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Vanguard_(23)" title="HMS Vanguard (23)">HMS <i>Vanguard</i> (23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Gothic_(1947)" title="SS Gothic (1947)">SS <i>Gothic</i> (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMY_Britannia" title="HMY Britannia">HMY <i>Britannia</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State visits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_made_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of state visits made by Elizabeth II">Outgoing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Elizabeth_II_to_Spain" title="State visit by Elizabeth II to Spain">State visit to Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Elizabeth_II_to_Russia" title="State visit by Elizabeth II to Russia">State visit to Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Elizabeth_II_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="State visit by Elizabeth II to the Republic of Ireland">State visit to Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_received_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of state visits received by Elizabeth II">Incoming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Michael_D._Higgins_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Michael D. Higgins to the United Kingdom">President Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to the United Kingdom">President Xi Jinping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural depictions of Elizabeth II">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Televised addresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch#Elizabeth_II" title="Special address by the British monarch">Royal address to the nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_message" title="Royal Christmas message">Royal Christmas message</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Journey" title="Royal Journey"><i>Royal Journey</i> (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Queen_Is_Crowned" title="A Queen Is Crowned"><i>A Queen Is Crowned</i> (1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Journey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal New Zealand Journey (page does not exist)"><i>Royal New Zealand Journey</i> (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_in_Australia" title="The Queen in Australia"><i>The Queen in Australia</i> (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Tour_of_the_Caribbean" title="The Royal Tour of the Caribbean"><i>The Royal Tour of the Caribbean</i> (1966)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_(film)" title="Royal Family (film)"><i>Royal Family</i> (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_R:_A_Year_in_the_Life_of_the_Queen" title="Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen"><i>Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen</i> (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy:_The_Royal_Family_at_Work" title="Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work"><i>Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work</i> (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Queen_(TV_programme)" title="The Diamond Queen (TV programme)"><i>The Diamond Queen</i> (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_at_90:_A_Family_Tribute" title="Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute"><i>Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute</i> (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_(film)" title="The Coronation (film)"><i>The Coronation</i> (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth:_A_Portrait_in_Parts" title="Elizabeth: A Portrait in Parts"><i>Elizabeth: A Portrait in Parts</i> (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth:_The_Unseen_Queen" title="Elizabeth: The Unseen Queen"><i>Elizabeth: The Unseen Queen</i> (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Film and<br />television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image"><i>Spitting Image</i> (1984–96);</a> <a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">(2020–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Attribution" title="A Question of Attribution"><i>A Question of Attribution</i> (1992 TV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_und_die_Windzors" title="Willi und die Windzors"><i>Willi und die Windzors</i> (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty_(2001_film)" title="Her Majesty (2001 film)"><i>Her Majesty</i> (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)" title="The Queen (2006 film)"><i>The Queen</i> (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snuke" title="The Snuke"><i>South Park: The Snuke</i> (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(British_TV_serial)" title="The Queen (British TV serial)"><i>The Queen</i> (2009 TV serial)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony#Happy_and_Glorious_(21:25–21:35)" title="2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony"><i>Happy and Glorious</i> (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Royal_Night_Out" title="A Royal Night Out"><i>A Royal Night Out</i> (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minions_(film)" title="Minions (film)"><i>Minions</i> (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)"><i>The Crown</i> (2016–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Corgi" title="The Queen's Corgi"><i>The Queen's Corgi</i> (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Christmas_message" title="Alternative Christmas message">2020 Alternative Christmas message (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_(TV_series)" title="The Prince (TV series)"><i>The Prince</i> (2021)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Attribution" title="A Question of Attribution"><i>A Question of Attribution</i> (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audience_(2013_play)" title="The Audience (2013 play)"><i>The Audience</i> (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbagged" title="Handbagged"><i>Handbagged</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_Piece_at_the_Royal_Lodge,_Windsor" title="Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor">Herbert James Gunn (1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_Queen" title="Wattle Queen">William Dargie (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Annigoni%27s_portraits_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Pietro Annigoni's portraits of Elizabeth II">Pietro Annigoni (1955, 1969 and 1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigning_Queens" title="Reigning Queens">Andy Warhol (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Elizabeth_II_(Stone)" title="Portrait of Elizabeth II (Stone)">Richard Stone (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(Justin_Mortimer_portrait)" title="The Queen (Justin Mortimer portrait)">Justin Mortimer (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty_Queen_Elizabeth_II_%E2%80%93_An_80th_Birthday_Portrait" title="Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II – An 80th Birthday Portrait">Rolf Harris (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_Theatre:_Portrait_of_HM_Queen_Elizabeth_II" title="The Coronation Theatre: Portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II">Ralph Heimans (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Portrait,_The_Queen" title="Beautiful Portrait, The Queen">Damien Hirst (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_(painting)" title="Queen Elizabeth II (painting)">Henry Ward (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algorithm_Queen" title="Algorithm Queen">Ai-Da (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Elizabeth_II,_Windsor_Great_Park" title="Equestrian statue of Elizabeth II, Windsor Great Park">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II_(Winnipeg)" title="Statue of Elizabeth II (Winnipeg)">Winnipeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II,_Lagos" title="Statue of Elizabeth II, Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II_(Toronto)" title="Statue of Elizabeth II (Toronto)">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II,_York_Minster" title="Statue of Elizabeth II, York Minster">York Minster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II,_Oakham" title="Statue of Elizabeth II, Oakham">Oakham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh,_Antrim" title="Statue of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Antrim">Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II,_Newcastle-under-Lyme" title="Statue of Queen Elizabeth II, Newcastle-under-Lyme">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II,_Andover" title="Statue of Queen Elizabeth II, Andover">Andover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Queen_Elizabeth_II,_London" title="Memorial to Queen Elizabeth II, London">London (planned)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_and_I_(novel)" title="The Queen and I (novel)">The Queen and I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marion_Crawford" title="Marion Crawford">The Little Princesses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Uncommon_Reader" title="The Uncommon Reader">The Uncommon Reader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh_Meets_the_Queen" title="Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen">Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla_(novel)" title="Queen Camilla (novel)">Queen Camilla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen_(Sex_Pistols_song)" title="God Save the Queen (Sex Pistols song)">God Save the Queen</a>" (Sex Pistols song)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty_(song)" title="Her Majesty (song)">Her Majesty</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Stamps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilding_series" title="Wilding series">Wilding series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_domestic_rate_stamp_(Canada)" title="Queen Elizabeth II domestic rate stamp (Canada)">Canadian domestic rate stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_series_stamps" title="Castle series stamps">Castle series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_definitives" title="Country definitives">Country definitives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machin_series" title="Machin series">Machin series</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Machin_stamps" title="List of Machin stamps">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_corgis" title="Royal corgis">Corgis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dookie_(dog)" title="Dookie (dog)">Dookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_(dog)" title="Susan (dog)">Susan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Horses_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Horses of Elizabeth II">Horses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aureole_(horse)" title="Aureole (horse)">Aureole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_(horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese (horse)">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozza" title="Carrozza">Carrozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_(horse)" title="Dunfermline (horse)">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estimate_(horse)" title="Estimate (horse)">Estimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_of_Fashion_(horse)" title="Height of Fashion (horse)">Height of Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highclere_(horse)" title="Highclere (horse)">Highclere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_Mall_(horse)" title="Pall Mall (horse)">Pall Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_(horse)" title="Winston (horse)">Winston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_birthday_speech_of_Princess_Elizabeth" title="21st birthday speech of Princess Elizabeth">21st birthday speech of Princess Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewels_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Jewels of Elizabeth II">Jewels of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_line" title="Elizabeth line">Elizabeth line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagana_Lodge" title="Sagana Lodge">Sagana Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Guardamangia" title="Villa Guardamangia">Villa Guardamangia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorgi">Dorgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Party_at_the_Palace" title="Children's Party at the Palace">Children's Party at the Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Birthday_Party" title="The Queen's Birthday Party">The Queen's Birthday Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Charles" title="Jeannette Charles">Jeannette Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%27Queen_Elizabeth%27" title="Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth'">Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_cake" title="Queen Elizabeth cake">Queen Elizabeth cake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">← George VI</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III →</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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