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Philologie — Wikipédia

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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philologie_classique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philologie_classique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Philologie classique</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philologie_classique-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Philologie classique</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Philologie_classique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture_hellénique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_hellénique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Culture hellénique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_hellénique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objet_et_définitions_de_la_philologie_contemporaine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objet_et_définitions_de_la_philologie_contemporaine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Objet et définitions de la philologie contemporaine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objet_et_définitions_de_la_philologie_contemporaine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Notes et références</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Philologie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 96 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologie" title="Filologie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Filologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philologie" title="Philologie – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Philologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoloch%C3%ADa" title="Filolochía – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Filolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="فقه اللغة – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فقه اللغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolox%C3%ADa" title="Filoloxía – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Filoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologiya" title="Filologiya – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Filologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філалогія – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Філалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філялёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Філялёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="সাংস্কৃতিক ভাষাতত্ত্ব – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাংস্কৃতিক ভাষাতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizheregouriezh" title="Lizheregouriezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizheregouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologija" title="Filologija – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Filologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologia" title="Filologia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologie" title="Filologie – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Филологи – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Филологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieitheg" title="Ieitheg – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieitheg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philologie" title="Philologie – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolociye" title="Filolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Filolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φιλολογία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philology" title="Philology – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologio" title="Filologio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolog%C3%ADa" title="Filología – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoloogia" title="Filoloogia – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Filoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologia" title="Filologia – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="لغت‌شناسی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لغت‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologia" title="Filologia – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologjie" title="Filologjie – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Filologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filology" title="Filology – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Filology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focleola%C3%ADocht" title="Focleolaíocht – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Focleolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolox%C3%ADa" title="Filoloxía – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Filoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="פילולוגיה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פילולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="वाङ्मीमांसा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाङ्मीमांसा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologija" title="Filologija – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filol%C3%B3gia" title="Filológia – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Filológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բանասիրություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանասիրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philologia" title="Philologia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Philologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologio" title="Filologio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Filologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Textafræði – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Textafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologia" title="Filologia – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E5%AD%A6" title="文献学 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文献学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფილოლოგია – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%97%8C%ED%95%99" title="문헌학 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문헌학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AEloloj%C3%AE" title="Fîlolojî – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fîlolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylologyl" title="Phylologyl – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Phylologyl" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philologia" title="Philologia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolojiya" title="Filolojiya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Filolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolojia" title="Filolojia – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Filolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologija" title="Filologija – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Filologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolo%C4%A3ija" title="Filoloģija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Filoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Filôlôjia – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Филологија – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Филологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="ഫിലോളജി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫിലോളജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philologie" title="Philologie – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Philologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologia" title="Filologia – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Filologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Филологи – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Филологи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologia" title="Filologia – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolog%C3%ACa" title="Filologìa – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Filologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologia" title="Filologia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologie" title="Filologie – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologija" title="Filologija – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Filologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philology" title="Philology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filol%C3%B3gia" title="Filológia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Filológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologija" title="Filologija – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Filologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologjia" title="Filologjia – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Filologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Филологија – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="นิรุกติศาสตร์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิรุกติศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilolohiya" title="Pilolohiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pilolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoloji" title="Filoloji – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Filoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Филология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філологія – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologiya" title="Filologiya – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Filologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1c_ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Bác ngữ học – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bác ngữ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologie" title="Filologie – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Filologie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilolohiya" title="Pilolohiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pilolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="语文学 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="语文学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფილოლოგია – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფილოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="语文学 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语文学" 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mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>philologie</b>, du grec ancien <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">φιλολογία</span>&#160;/ <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>philología</i></span>, «&#160;amour des mots, des lettres, de la littérature&#160;», consiste en l'étude d'une <a href="/wiki/Langue" title="Langue">langue</a> et de sa <a href="/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature" title="Littérature">littérature</a> à partir de <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">documents</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture" title="Écriture">écrits</a>. C'est une combinaison de <a href="/wiki/Critique_litt%C3%A9raire" title="Critique littéraire">critique littéraire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Histoire" title="Histoire">historique</a> et <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a>. Elle vise à rétablir le contenu original de textes connus par plusieurs <a href="/wiki/Source_(information)" title="Source (information)">sources</a>, c’est-à-dire à sélectionner le texte le plus authentique possible, à partir de manuscrits, d'éditions imprimées ou d'autres sources disponibles&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Fragment" title="Fragment">fragments</a> (citations par d’autres auteurs), graffiti anciens… Ainsi, le philologue compare les versions conservées de ces textes, ou rétablit le meilleur texte en corrigeant les sources existantes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Évolution_sémantique_du_terme_philologie"><span id=".C3.89volution_s.C3.A9mantique_du_terme_philologie"></span>Évolution sémantique du terme philologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Évolution sémantique du terme philologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Évolution sémantique du terme philologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pour <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a>, la philologie, ou <i>philología</i> (<span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">φιλολογία</span>) en <a href="/wiki/Grec_ancien" title="Grec ancien">grec</a>, est le goût pour la <a href="/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature" title="Littérature">littérature</a> et, plus généralement, pour l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89rudition" title="Érudition">érudition</a>. Le mot s'applique ensuite, chez les <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_antique" title="Grèce antique">Grecs anciens</a>, à toute <a href="/wiki/Dissertation" title="Dissertation">dissertation</a> littéraire, érudite, ou <a href="/wiki/Dialectique" title="Dialectique">dialectique</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Au <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle, les érudits de la <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> englobent sous le mot «&#160;philologie&#160;» ces connaissances héritées de l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9" title="Antiquité">Antiquité gréco-romaine</a> que le <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle regroupera sous le vocable «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">humanisme</a>&#160;». Le philosophe allemand <a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosophe)" title="Christian Wolff (philosophe)">Christian Wolff</a> (1679-1754) élargira ensuite la notion de philologie à <span class="citation">«&#160;l'étude de toutes les manifestations de l'esprit humain dans l'espace et dans le temps&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/August_B%C3%B6ckh" title="August Böckh">August Böckh</a> va dans le même sens et oppose la philologie à la <a href="/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie">philosophie</a>&#160;: <span class="citation">«&#160;la philosophie est la science de la connaissance déjà produite par le passé&#160;»</span> et <span class="citation">«&#160;Toutes les autres sciences plongent leurs racines dans la philosophie et la philologie&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle, la philologie est ajoutée au programme de la nouvelle université de Berlin. </p><p>Ce siècle parlera de <a href="/wiki/Philologie_classique" title="Philologie classique">philologie classique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanistique" title="Romanistique">romane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philologie_germanique" title="Philologie germanique">germanique</a> ou orientale<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Pour <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, un signe distinctif du <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ologie" title="Théologie">théologien</a> est son inaptitude à la philologie&#160;: <span class="citation">«&#160;J'entends ici le mot <i>philologie</i> dans un sens très général&#160;: savoir déchiffrer des faits sans les fausser par des interprétations&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C'est que Nietzsche a à cœur de mettre fin à une <a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%A9neutique" title="Herméneutique">herméneutique</a> favorable à la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9taphysique" title="Métaphysique">métaphysique</a> qu'il dénonce<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pourtant philologue de formation, le sens de la philologie qu'il propose est fort éloigné de celui annoncé plus haut&#160;: celle-ci, au vu de son œuvre, peut être assimilée dans sa méthode à une herméneutique psychologique<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou, plus justement et selon les mots de Nietzsche, à une généalogie<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> visant à rétablir «&#160;le seul et unique monde&#160;». </p><p>Au <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle naissant, la définition du mot <i>philologie</i> se réduit à l'ensemble des notions nécessaires à l'étude <i>littéraire</i> d'une langue, fournies par la <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A9ographie" title="Paléographie">paléographie</a> et l'étude critique des textes, étayée par celle de toutes les formes de <a href="/wiki/Grammaire" title="Grammaire">grammaire</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a>. </p><p>Le philologue inventorie, enregistre et ordonne des faits littéraires. Le linguiste compare ces faits et tente d'en découvrir les lois organiques<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philologie_classique">Philologie classique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Philologie classique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Philologie classique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture_hellénique"><span id="Culture_hell.C3.A9nique"></span>Culture hellénique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Culture hellénique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Culture hellénique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Culture_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce" title="Culture de la Grèce">culture hellénique</a> est en lien avec l'<a href="/wiki/Hell%C3%A9nisme" title="Hellénisme">hellénisme</a>, qui désigne l'étude de la culture de la <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_antique" title="Grèce antique">Grèce antique</a>, par des lettrés ou des historiens. </p><p>Il y a également quelques hellénistes importants comme&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Apollonios_de_Rhodes" title="Apollonios de Rhodes">Apollonios</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Aristarque_de_Samothrace" title="Aristarque de Samothrace">Aristarque</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Aristophane_de_Byzance" title="Aristophane de Byzance">Aristophane</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Callimaque_de_Cyr%C3%A8ne" title="Callimaque de Cyrène">Callimaque</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ratosth%C3%A8ne" title="Ératosthène">Ératosthène</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9nodote" title="Zénodote">Zénodote</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>À <a href="/wiki/Pergame" title="Pergame">Pergame</a>, dans la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_Pergame" title="Bibliothèque de Pergame">bibliothèque</a> fondée par les <a href="/wiki/Attalides" title="Attalides">Attalides</a>, travaillèrent de nombreux philologues érudits dont <a href="/wiki/Crat%C3%A8s_de_Mallos" title="Cratès de Mallos">Cratès de Mallos</a>. </p><p>Dès le <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle avant notre ère se marque, dans le monde hellénique, le besoin d'authentifier et d'expliquer les grandes œuvres de la tradition poétique, spécialement celles d'<a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%A8re" title="Homère">Homère</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objet_et_définitions_de_la_philologie_contemporaine"><span id="Objet_et_d.C3.A9finitions_de_la_philologie_contemporaine"></span>Objet et définitions de la philologie contemporaine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Objet et définitions de la philologie contemporaine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Objet et définitions de la philologie contemporaine"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La philologie s'intéresse aussi aux problèmes de <a href="/wiki/Datation" title="Datation">datation</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Localisation_(linguistique)" title="Localisation (linguistique)">localisation</a> et d'édition de textes. Pour ce faire, elle s'appuie sur l'<a href="/wiki/Histoire" title="Histoire">histoire</a> et ses dérivées (<a href="/wiki/Histoire_des_religions" title="Histoire des religions">histoire des religions</a>,&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>), la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Grammaire" title="Grammaire">grammaire</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Stylistique" title="Stylistique">stylistique</a>, mais aussi sur des disciplines liées à l'<a href="/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie" title="Archéologie">archéologie</a> comme l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89pigraphie" title="Épigraphie">épigraphie</a> ou la <a href="/wiki/Papyrologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrologie">papyrologie</a> ainsi qu'à l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89dition_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Édition (document)">édition</a> des textes anciens (<a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A9ographie" title="Paléographie">paléographie</a> et <a href="/wiki/Codicologie" title="Codicologie">codicologie</a>). Pour l'édition philologique de textes anciens, la <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A9ographie" title="Paléographie">paléographie</a> en énumère les détails. </p><p>Le terme est souvent utilisé comme <a href="/wiki/Synonyme" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonyme">synonyme</a> quelque peu vieilli de <a href="/wiki/Grammaire_compar%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammaire comparée">grammaire comparée</a>. C'est à tort, car cette dernière discipline compare des langues différentes mais n'en établit pas les textes, alors que chaque langue a sa philologie. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a> (1915) y voit une étape intermédiaire entre la «&#160;grammaire&#160;» et la «&#160;grammaire comparée&#160;» dans la «&#160;science des faits de langue&#160;» (ou «&#160;linguistique&#160;»)&#160;: </p> <blockquote> <p>«&#160;La science qui s'est constituée autour des faits de langue est passée par trois phases avant de connaître quel est son véritable objet. (…/…) la grammaire (…/…) vise uniquement à donner des règles pour distinguer les formes correctes des formes incorrectes. Ensuite parut la philologie (…/…) qui veut avant tout fixer, interpréter, commenter les textes&#160;; cette première étude l'amène à s'occuper aussi de l'histoire littéraire, des mœurs, des institutions, etc. Partout elle use de sa méthode propre, qui est la <a href="/wiki/Critique_textuelle" title="Critique textuelle">critique</a>. Si elle s'occupe de questions linguistiques, c'est surtout pour comparer des textes de différentes époques, déterminer la langue particulière à chaque auteur, déchiffrer et expliquer des inscriptions rédigées dans une langue archaïque ou obscure. Mais la critique philologique est en défaut sur un point&#160;: elle s'attache trop servilement à la langue écrite et oublie la langue vivante. La troisième époque commença lorsque l'on découvrit que l'on pouvait comparer les langues entre elles. Ce fut l'origine de la philologie comparative ou grammaire comparée<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&#160;» </p> </blockquote> <p>En 2020, François Vincent achève une œuvre longue et détaillée de philologie sur les manuscrits saussuriens et commente la série des trois cours de linguistique générale de Ferdinand de Saussure, enfin distingués complètement les uns des autres<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Philologie_cognitive" title="Philologie cognitive">philologie cognitive</a> est une branche moderne de la philologie qui vise à étudier les textes en tant que produits des processus mentaux humains<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cette notion de von Wolff a été rapportée par le philologue et archéologue français <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Reinach" title="Salomon Reinach">Salomon Reinach</a> dans son <i>Manuel de philologie classique</i>, Paris 1884.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Cf</i>. <i>La Naissance de la tragédie</i> où est définie ce que l'on pourrait nommer une «&#160;logique de la généalogie&#160;» même si la formulation aurait certainement fait horreur à notre auteur. Dans cette œuvre, Nietzsche entend précisément partir du présent pour remonter à l'âge hellénistique afin de déceler les pulsions à l'origine de l'art wagnérien.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ἀπολλώνιος de Rhodes</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ἀρίσταρχος de Samothrace</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ἀριστοφάνης de Byzance</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Καλλίμαχος de Cyrène</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ἐρατοσθένης</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ζηνόδοτος</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">M. A. Bailly, <i>Abrégé du dictionnaire grec-français</i>, Hachette, 1901, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;932.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> E. Bratuscheck (édition établie par), <i><span class="lang-de" lang="de">Encyclopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenchaften</span></i>, Leipzig, Teubner, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;18. Rapporté par <a href="/wiki/Michael_Werner" title="Michael Werner">Michael Werner</a>, <i>À propos de la notion de philologie moderne problèmes de définition dans l'espace franco-allemand</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1854">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wdl.org/fr/item/17248/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Mélanges d'histoire et de philologie orientale</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">wdl.org</span>, <time>1854</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-06-24" data-sort-value="2021-06-24">24 juin 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Fragments posthumes</i>, W II 5, printemps 1888&#160;: [60].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Cf</i>. <i>Par-delà Bien et Mal</i>, § 230. Entre autres.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Leiter, 2002,&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;9&#160;:&#160;«&#160;<i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">This explanation of a person’s moral beliefs in terms of psycho-physical facts about the person is a recurring theme in Nietzsche</span></i>&#160;».&#160;Voir&#160;:<i>A</i>, § 119,&#160;<i>A</i>, § 542&#160;;&#160;<i>GS</i>, «&#160;Avant-propos&#160;», § 2&#160;;&#160;<i>PBM</i>, § 6, 187&#160;;&#160;<i>CId</i>, «&#160;Flâneries inactuelles&#160;», § 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Archaimbault2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sylvie_Archaimbault2017">Sylvie <span class="nom_auteur">Archaimbault</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">De la philologie à la linguistique&#160;: l'éclatement d’une discipline</cite>&#160;», <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_%C3%A9tudes_slaves" title="Revue des études slaves">Revue des études slaves</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;88, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;LXXXVIII 1-2,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-07-31" data-sort-value="2017-07-31">31 juillet 2017</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">25–49</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0080-2557">0080-2557</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000/res.804">10.4000/res.804</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/res/804">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-04-16" data-sort-value="2021-04-16">16 avril 2021</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=De+la+philologie+%C3%A0+la+linguistique+%3A+l%27%C3%A9clatement+d%E2%80%99une+discipline&amp;rft.jtitle=Revue+des+%C3%A9tudes+slaves&amp;rft.issue=LXXXVIII+1-2&amp;rft.aulast=Archaimbault&amp;rft.aufirst=Sylvie&amp;rft.date=2017-07-31&amp;rft.volume=88&amp;rft.pages=25%E2%80%9349&amp;rft.issn=0080-2557&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fres.804&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APhilologie"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cours_de_linguistique_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Cours de linguistique générale">Cours de linguistique générale</a></i> (1915, trad. franç. par T. Mauro, 1972), éd. Payot, chap. 1, Introduction.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">François Vincent et Ferdinand de Saussure, <i>Le premier cours de Linguistique générale — la trilogie achevée</i>, Paris, ECED, 2021, <span class="nowrap">809&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.uniroma1.it/index.php/cogphil"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Cognitive Philology</span></cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">ojs.uniroma1.it</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-04-16" data-sort-value="2021-04-16">16 avril 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&#160;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philology?uselang=fr">la philologie</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/philologie" class="extiw" title="wikt:philologie">philologie</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Judet_de_la_Combe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Judet de la Combe">Pierre Judet de la Combe</a>, <i>Sur les conflits en philologie</i>, dans <i>Texto&#160;!</i>, Paris, Institut Ferdinand de Saussure, 2008 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1773-0120">1773-0120</a></span>)</small> <small>&#91;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revue-texto.net/index.php?id=106">lire en ligne</a>&#93;</small>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascale_Hummel" title="Pascale Hummel">Pascale Hummel</a>, <i>Philologus auctor&#160;: le philologue et son œuvre</i>, Bern, Berlin et Bruxelles, P. Lang, 2003 (bibliogr. de 39 p.) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/3-906770-80-X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/3-906770-80-X"><span class="nowrap">3-906770-80-X</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascale_Hummel" title="Pascale Hummel">Pascale Hummel</a>, <i>Histoire de l'histoire de la philologie&#160;: étude d'un genre épistémologique et bibliographique</i>, Genève, Droz, 2000 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-600-00454-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-600-00454-8"><span class="nowrap">2-600-00454-8</span></a>)</small> <span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=qxJ5w5VAZsMC&amp;pg=PP1"><i>lire en ligne</i></a></span> sur <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Livres" title="Google Livres">Google Livres</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès limité au document"><img alt="Accès limité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Zumthor" title="Paul Zumthor">Paul Zumthor</a>, <i>Philologie</i>, dans <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Universalis" title="Encyclopædia Universalis">Encyclopædia Universalis</a></i>, Paris, c. 1970 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-85229-887-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-85229-887-2"><span class="nowrap">2-85229-887-2</span></a>)</small> <small>&#91;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/philologie/ressources/">lire en ligne</a>&#93;</small>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheldon_Pollock&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheldon Pollock (page inexistante)">Sheldon Pollock</a>, <i>Future Philology? The Fate of a Soft Science in a Hard World</i>, dans <i>Critical Inquiry</i>, 35 (2009), pp. 931-961.</li> <li>Étienne Servais, <i>Défense de la philologie</i>, Bruxelles, 1965, <i>La Renaissance du livre 1965</i>, Coll. <i>La Lettre et l'Esprit</i>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Ancien manuel</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Reinach" title="Salomon Reinach">Salomon Reinach</a>, <i>Manuel de philologie classique</i>, Paris, Hachette, 1880&#160;; nouv. éd., 1883-1884, 2 vol. <small>&#91;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/manueldephilolo02reingoog#page/n9/mode/1up">vol. 1</a>&#93;</small>&#160;; <small>&#91;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/manueldephilolo01reingoog#page/n22/mode/1up">vol. 2</a>&#93;</small>&#160;: <i>Appendice</i> en ligne&#160;; éd. mise à jour de 1907 <small>&#91;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/manueldephilolo03reingoog#page/n5/mode/1up">lire en ligne</a>&#93;</small>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philologie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-width:35em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><i><span class="lang-la" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lectio_difficilior_potior" title="Lectio difficilior potior">Lectio difficilior potior</a></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_textuelle" title="Critique textuelle">Critique textuelle</a></li> <li><a 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