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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American publishing company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Modern Library</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Library_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/89/Modern_Library_logo.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="155" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent company</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Boni" title="Albert Boni">Albert Boni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Liveright" title="Horace Liveright">Horace Liveright</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication types</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://modernlibrary.com">modernlibrary<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Modern Library</b> is an American book publishing <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">imprint</a> and formerly the <a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">parent company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. Founded in 1917 by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Boni" title="Albert Boni">Albert Boni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horace_Liveright" title="Horace Liveright">Horace Liveright</a> as an imprint of their publishing company <a href="/wiki/Boni_%26_Liveright" title="Boni & Liveright">Boni & Liveright</a>, Modern Library became an independent publishing company in 1925 when Boni & Liveright sold it to <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Cerf" title="Bennett Cerf">Bennett Cerf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Klopfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Klopfer">Donald Klopfer</a>. Random House began in 1927 as a subsidiary of the Modern Library and eventually overtook its parent company, with Modern Library becoming an imprint of Random House.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Library&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Modern Library originally published only hardbound books.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950, it began publishing the Modern Library College Editions, a forerunner of its current series of <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a> classics. From 1955 to 1960, the company published a high quality, numbered paperback series, but discontinued it in 1960, when the series was merged into the newly acquired Vintage paperbacks group. The Modern Library homepage states: </p> <blockquote><p>In 1992, on the occasion of the Modern Library's seventy-fifth anniversary, Random House embarked on an ambitious project to refurbish the series. We revived the torchbearer emblem that Cerf and Klopfer commissioned in 1925 from <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Bernhard" title="Lucian Bernhard">Lucian Bernhard</a>. The Promethean bearer of enlightenment (known informally around the old Modern Library offices as the "dame running away from Bennett Cerf") was redesigned several times over the years, most notably by <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Kent" title="Rockwell Kent">Rockwell Kent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1998, novelist <a href="/wiki/David_Ebershoff" title="David Ebershoff">David Ebershoff</a> became the Modern Library's new Publishing Director. Ebershoff managed the imprint until 2005, when he resigned to concentrate on his own writing and to become editor-at-large at Random House. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Library_lists">Modern Library lists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Library&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern Library lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library%27s_100_Best_Novels" title="Modern Library's 100 Best Novels">Modern Library's 100 Best Novels</a></div> <p>At its onset the Modern Library identified itself as "The Modern Library of the World's Best Books". In keeping with that brand identity, in 1998 the editors created a list they called the "<a href="/wiki/Modern_Library_List_of_Best_20th-Century_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels">Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels</a>", numbering 100 titles selected from books published by Modern Library and its Random House affiliates. They also conducted an <a href="/wiki/Online_and_phone-in_polls" class="mw-redirect" title="Online and phone-in polls">internet poll</a> of public opinion, then produced a <i>readers'</i> list. (The lists were actually restricted to works in English, but titles of the lists do not represent this, and little attention was paid to that fact in publicity for the lists.) </p><p>The "top ten" of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library_100_Best_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Library 100 Best Novels">editors' list is shown here</a>—and the two "100 Best Novels" lists are linked below. </p><p>According to a <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> article about the list, executives at Random House said they hoped that as the century drew to a close their list would encourage public debate about the greatest works of fiction of the last hundred years, thus both increasing awareness of the Modern Library and stimulating sales of novels the group publishes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both lists have incurred criticism. Their ranking system concerned many professional scholars and critics. The board members themselves, who did not create the rankings and were unaware of it until the list was published, expressed disappointment and puzzlement.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also hypotheses that the Modern Library merely made a selection based on its stocklist.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/A._S._Byatt" title="A. S. Byatt">A. S. Byatt</a>, the well-known English novelist who was on the board, called the list "typically American".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The list was compiled via <a href="/wiki/Approval_voting" title="Approval voting">approval voting</a>, by sending each board member a list of 440 pre-selected books from the Modern Library catalogue and asking each member to place a check beside novels they wished to choose. Then the works with the most votes were ranked the highest, and ties were decided arbitrarily by Random House publishers. This explains surprising results like the No. 5 placement of <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a></i> (1932), which most of the judges agreed belonged <i>somewhere</i> on the list, but much lower than the very top. </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Ebershoff" title="David Ebershoff">David Ebershoff</a>, the Modern Library division's publishing director, stated in a follow-up "the people who were drawn to go to the Modern Library Web site and compelled to vote have a certain enthusiasm about books and their favourite books that many people don't, so that the voting population is skewed."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, people were allowed to vote repeatedly, once per day, making the poll a measure of how much effort people would put into promoting their favorite books. Others have been more direct in their descriptions of the results; librarian Robert Teeter remarks that the ballot boxes were "stuffed by cultists".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Library&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Library_100_Best_Nonfiction" title="Modern Library 100 Best Nonfiction">Modern Library 100 Best Nonfiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Library&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-about-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernlibrary.com/about/">"About Modern Library"</a>. Modern Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Modern+Library&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernlibrary.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGidding,_Gary1992" class="citation news cs1">Gidding, Gary (December 6, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/06/books/why-i-carry-a-torch-for-the-modern-library.html">"Why I Carry a Torch for the Modern Library"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+I+Carry+a+Torch+for+the+Modern+Library&rft.date=1992-12-06&rft.au=Gidding%2C+Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F12%2F06%2Fbooks%2Fwhy-i-carry-a-torch-for-the-modern-library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis1998" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Paul (July 20, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/library/books/072098best-novels.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ulysses' on Top Among 100 Best Novels"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Ulysses%27+at+Top+As+Panel+Picks+100+Best+Novels&rft.date=1998-07-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F07%2F20%2Fbooks%2Fulysses-at-top-as-panel-picks-100-best-novels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caj.ca/mediamag/fall2002/opinion.html">"Opinion"</a>. CAJ.ca. Fall 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opinion&rft.pub=CAJ.ca&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caj.ca%2Fmediamag%2Ffall2002%2Fopinion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interleaves.org/~rteeter/greatbks.html">"Great Books"</a>. Interleaves.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Books&rft.pub=Interleaves.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interleaves.org%2F~rteeter%2Fgreatbks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Library&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lise Jaillant, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4903745/Modernism_Middlebrow_and_the_Literary_Canon_in_the_Modern_Library_Series_1917-1955">Modernism, Middlebrow and the Literary Canon - the Modern Library Series</a> (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/slisfrp/56">Gordon B. Neavill, “The Modern Library Series: Format and Design, 1917-1977,” Printing History 1 (1979): 26–37.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/slisfrp/54">Gordon B. Neavill, “The Modern Library Series and American Cultural Life,” Journal of Library History 16 (Spring 1981): 241–52.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/slisfrp/62">Gordon B. Neavill, “Publishing in Wartime: The Modern Library Series during the Second World War,” Library Trends 55 (Winter 2007): 583–96.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/slisfrp/52">Gordon B. Neavill, “Canonicity, Reprint Publishing, and Copyright,” in The Culture of the Publisher’s Series, vol. 1: Authors, Publishers and the Shaping of Taste, edited by John Spiers (Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), pp. 88–105.</a></li> <li>Jay Satterfield, <i>The World's Best Books": Taste, Culture, and the Modern Library</i> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>, 2002).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Library&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernlibrary.com">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bestbooksofalltime.co.uk">Best Books Modern Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/books/news/9807/21/top.100.reax/">CNN - 100 best novels list draws heavy dose of criticism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernlib.com/">Collecting the Modern Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernlib.com/General/ToleHistroySpeech.html">History of the Modern Library (speech) by Henry Toledano</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookthink.com/0062/62tol1.htm">On the Trail of the Torch Bearer: An Interview with Henry Toledano</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookthink.com/0060/60kam1.htm">On the Trail of the Torch Bearer: An Interview with Scot Kamins</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bertelsmann348" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bertelsmann" title="Template:Bertelsmann"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bertelsmann" title="Template talk:Bertelsmann"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bertelsmann" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bertelsmann"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bertelsmann348" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann">Bertelsmann</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bertelsmann<br />Home Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arcadia Entertainment</li> <li>Aris Ekdotiki</li> <li>ClipArt Films</li> <li>Feelgood Entertainment</li> <li>Fiction Pictures</li> <li>JP Video Productions</li> <li>Libero Video</li> <li>Lucifier Video Enterprises</li> <li>Mascot Video</li> <li>Media Vista Film & Audio Distributors</li> <li>Panorama Audio Visual Systems S.A.</li> <li>Pissanos International</li> <li>Star Video</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="RTL_Group299" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RTL_Group" title="Template:RTL Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RTL_Group" title="Template talk:RTL Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RTL_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RTL Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="RTL_Group299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RTL_Deutschland" title="RTL Deutschland">RTL Deutschland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV2" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_(German_TV_channel)" title="RTL (German TV channel)">RTL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/VOX_(German_TV_channel)" title="VOX (German TV channel)">VOX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Zwei" title="RTL Zwei">RTL Zwei</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/VOXup" class="mw-redirect" title="VOXup">VOXup</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nitro_(German_TV_channel)" title="Nitro (German TV channel)">Nitro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Up" class="mw-redirect" title="RTL Up">RTL Up</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Super_RTL" title="Super RTL">Super RTL</a> <dl><dd>Toggolino</dd> <dd>Toggo</dd> <dd>RTL Super</dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toggo_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Toggo Plus">Toggo Plus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/N-tv" title="N-tv">n-tv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Crime_(German_TV_channel)" title="RTL Crime (German TV channel)">RTL Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Living" title="RTL Living">RTL Living</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Passion" title="RTL Passion">RTL Passion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geo_Television_(Germany)" title="Geo Television (Germany)">GEO Television</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Radio5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Radio" title="RTL Radio">RTL Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/104.6_RTL" title="104.6 RTL">104.6 RTL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antenne_Bayern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antenne Bayern (page does not exist)">Antenne Bayern</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antenne_Niedersachsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antenne Niedersachsen (page does not exist)">Antenne Niedersachsen</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref13_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_Hamburg" title="Radio Hamburg">Radio Hamburg</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_NRW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio NRW (page does not exist)">Radio NRW</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref9_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref9-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=105%275_Spreeradio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="105'5 Spreeradio (page does not exist)">105'5 Spreeradio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_21_(Germany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio 21 (Germany) (page does not exist)">Radio 21</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Regenbogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Regenbogen (page does not exist)">Radio Regenbogen</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref11_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref11-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BigFM" title="BigFM">BigFM</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref12a_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref12a-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitradio_RTL_Sachsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitradio RTL Sachsen (page does not exist)">Hitradio RTL Sachsen</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref12b_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref12b-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Brocken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Brocken (page does not exist)">Radio Brocken</a> (50%)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/89.0_RTL" title="89.0 RTL">89.0 RTL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antenne_Th%C3%BCringen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antenne Thüringen (page does not exist)">Antenne Thüringen</a> (15%)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Ton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Ton (page does not exist)">Radio Ton</a> (2%)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_Antenne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rock Antenne (page does not exist)">Rock Antenne</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sachsen_Funkpaket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sachsen Funkpaket (page does not exist)">Sachsen Funkpaket</a> (31.9%) <dl><dd>Radio Dresden</dd> <dd>Radio Leipzig</dd> <dd>Radio Chemnitz</dd> <dd>Radio Lausitz</dd> <dd>Radio Zwickau</dd> <dd>Radio Erzgebirge</dd> <dd>Vogtland Radio</dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldie_95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldie 95 (page does not exist)">Oldie 95</a> (4.78%)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Top_40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Top 40 (page does not exist)">Radio Top 40</a> (15%)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="RTL_Publishing32" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gruner_%2B_Jahr" title="Gruner + Jahr">RTL Publishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_(magazine)" title="Brigitte (magazine)">Brigitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(German_magazine)" title="Capital (German magazine)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEO_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="GEO (magazine)">GEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stern_(magazine)" title="Stern (magazine)">Stern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RTL_Nederland" title="RTL Nederland">RTL Nederland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV2" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_4" title="RTL 4">RTL 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_5" title="RTL 5">RTL 5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_7" title="RTL 7">RTL 7</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_8" title="RTL 8">RTL 8</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Z" title="RTL Z">RTL Z</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Crime_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="RTL Crime (Dutch TV channel)">RTL Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Lounge" title="RTL Lounge">RTL Lounge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Telekids" title="RTL Telekids">RTL Telekids</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Video on Demand</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Videoland_(Netherlands)" title="Videoland (Netherlands)">Videoland</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_M6" title="Groupe M6">Groupe M6</a> <small>(48.6%)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV2" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dd><a href="/wiki/M6_(TV_channel)" title="M6 (TV channel)">M6</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/W9_(TV_channel)" title="W9 (TV channel)">W9</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/6ter" title="6ter">6ter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris_Premi%C3%A8re" title="Paris Première">Paris Première</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9va" title="Téva">Téva</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Série Club">Série Club</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref5_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M6_Music" title="M6 Music">M6 Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gulli" title="Gulli">Gulli</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiji">Tiji</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canal_J" title="Canal J">Canal J</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MCM_(TV_channel)" title="MCM (TV channel)">MCM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MCM_Top" title="MCM Top">MCM Top</a></dd> <dd>RFM TV</dd> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Radio5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_(French_radio)" title="RTL (French radio)">RTL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL2_(France)" title="RTL2 (France)">RTL2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fun_Radio_(France)" title="Fun Radio (France)">Fun Radio</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Catchup and Video on Demand</dt> <dd><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M6%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:M6+">M6+</a></dd></dl> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="International13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Gulli Girl</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiji">Tiji</a> (Russia)</dd> <dd>Gulli Africa</dd> <dd>Gulli Bil Arabi</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MCM_Pop" title="MCM Pop">MCM Pop</a></dd> <dd>M6 International</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RTL Luxembourg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV2" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_(Luxembourgian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="RTL (Luxembourgian TV channel)">RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Zwee" title="RTL Zwee">RTL Zwee</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Radio5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>RTL Radio</dd> <dd>RTL Today Radio</dd> <dd>RTL LX</dd> <dd>RTL Gold</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Catchup</dt> <dd>RTL Play</dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RTL Magyarország</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV2" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_(Hungarian_TV_channel)" title="RTL (Hungarian TV channel)">RTL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_II_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="RTL II (Hungary)">RTL II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cool_TV" title="Cool TV">Cool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Film%2B" title="Film+">Film+</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Gold (page does not exist)">RTL Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_H%C3%A1rom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Három (page does not exist)">RTL Három</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorozat%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorozat+ (page does not exist)">Sorozat+</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzsika_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzsika TV (page does not exist)">Muzsika TV</a></dd> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Catchup and Video on Demand</dt> <dd>RTL+</dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atresmedia" title="Atresmedia">Atresmedia</a> <small>(18.65%)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV2" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antena 3 (Spain)">Antena 3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LaSexta" title="LaSexta">laSexta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neox_(TV_channel)" title="Neox (TV channel)">Neox</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Spain_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (Spain TV channel)">Nova</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mega_(Spanish_television_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega (Spanish television channel)">Mega</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Atreseries" title="Atreseries">Atreseries</a></dd> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Radio5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Onda_Cero" title="Onda Cero">Onda Cero</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Europa_FM_(Spain)" title="Europa FM (Spain)">Europa FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodia_FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melodia FM (page does not exist)">Melodia FM</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Catchup</dt> <dd>Atresplayer</dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fremantle_(company)" title="Fremantle (company)">Fremantle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dt>United Kingdom</dt> <dd>Dancing Ledge</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euston_Films" title="Euston Films">Euston Films</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euston_Films#Euston_North/Castlefield" title="Euston Films">Castlefield</a></dd> <dd>Hare and Tortoise</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thames_(production_company)" title="Thames (production company)">Thames</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talkback_(production_company)" title="Talkback (production company)">Talkback</a></dd> <dd>Naked</dd> <dd>Full Fat TV</dd> <dd>Label 1</dd> <dd>Man Alive</dd> <dd>Wild Blue Media</dd> <dl><dt>Ireland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Element_Pictures" title="Element Pictures">Element Pictures</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>France</dt> <dd>Kwai</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Germany</dt> <dd>Grundy UFA</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/UFA_GmbH" title="UFA GmbH">UFA GmbH</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Universum_Film_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Universum Film AG">UFA Fiction</a></dd> <dd>UFA Show & Factual</dd> <dd>Teamworx</dd> <dd>Phoenix Film</dd> <dd>We Are Era</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Finland</dt> <dd>Grillifilms</dd> <dd>Moskito Television</dd> <dd>Production House Finland</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Sweden</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Strix_(TV_production_company)" title="Strix (TV production company)">Strix</a></dd> <dd>Baluba</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Italy</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lux_Vide" title="Lux Vide">Lux Vide</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Apartment_(production_company)" title="The Apartment (production company)">The Apartment</a></dd> <dd>Wildside</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Picomedia" title="Picomedia">Picomedia</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Denmark</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Miso_Film" title="Miso Film">Miso Film</a></dd> <dd>Blu Productions</dd> <dd>Strong Productions</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Norway</dt> <dd>One Big Happy Family</dd> <dd>Rakett TV</dd> <dd>Monster</dd> <dd>Playroom</dd> <dd>Novemberfilm</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Strix_(TV_production_company)" title="Strix (TV production company)">Strix</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Australia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Australia" title="Fremantle Australia">Fremantle Australia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Productions" title="Eureka Productions">Eureka Productions</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>United States</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Original_Productions" title="Original Productions">Original Productions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Studio" title="Random House Studio">Random House Studio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Productions" title="Eureka Productions">Eureka USA</a></dd> <dd>The Immigrant</dd> <dd>Fabel</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Netherlands</dt> <dd>Blue Circle</dd> <dd>Fiction Valley</dd> <dd>No Pictures Please</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Israel</dt> <dd>Abot Hameiri</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; background:#ABCDEF;text-align:left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ref1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Leonine_Holding" title="Leonine Holding">Leonine Holding</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group" title="Bauer Media Group">Bauer Media Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Burda_Media" title="Hubert Burda Media">Hubert Burda Media</a>.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ref3_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref3_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Amperwelle Studio München Programmanbietergesellschaft, <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Axel Springer AG">Axel Springer AG</a>, Burda, Studio Gong, m.b.t. Mediengesellschaft der bayerischen Tageszeitungen für Kabelkommunikation, Medienpool and Radio Bavaria Rundfunkprogrammgesellschaft.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref13-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref13_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Verlagsgesellschaft Madsack, Studio Gong Niedersachsen and Brune-Rieck-Beteiligungs.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref4_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Axel Springer, Heinrich Bauer Verlag, Lühmanndruck Harburger Zeitungsgesellschaft and Morgenpost Verlag.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref9-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref9_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Pressefunk Nordrhein-Westfalen and <a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">Westdeutscher Rundfunk</a>.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref10-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref10_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Ffn_(radio_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ffn (radio channel)">Funk & Fernsehen Nordwestdeutschland</a>, Antenne Niedersachen and Niedersachsen Radio.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref11-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref11_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Mediengruppe Dr. Haas.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref12a-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref12a_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Rheinland-Pfälzische Rundfunk.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref12b-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref12b_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Broadcast Sachsen.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref5-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref5_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with <a href="/wiki/TF1_Group" title="TF1 Group">TF1 Group</a>.<br /></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin<br />Random House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">USA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Knopf Doubleday</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Knopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman's Library</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_Books" title="Pantheon Books">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schocken_Books" title="Schocken Books">Schocken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom!_Studios" title="Boom! Studios">Boom! Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Publishing" title="Dell Publishing">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Rey_Books" title="Del Rey Books">Del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dial_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Dial Press">Dial</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modern Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantam_Spectra" title="Bantam Spectra">Spectra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard_(imprint)" title="Villard (imprint)">Villard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Books" title="Broadway Books">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Books" title="Harmony Books">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Press" title="Hogarth Press">Hogarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodale,_Inc." title="Rodale, Inc.">Rodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Press" title="Three Rivers Press">Three Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Speed_Press" title="Ten Speed Press">Ten Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watson-Guptill" title="Watson-Guptill">Watson-Guptill</a></li></ul></li> <li>Children's <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beginner_Books" title="Beginner Books">Beginner Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Publishing" title="Western Publishing">Golden</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin</a> Adult</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Publishing" title="Avery Publishing">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Penguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutton Penguin">Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverhead_Books" title="Riverhead Books">Riverhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_(publisher)" title="Sentinel (publisher)">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TarcherPerigee" title="TarcherPerigee">TarcherPerigee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Berkley Publishing Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Books" title="Ace Books">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkley_Books" title="Berkley Books">Berkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_American_Library" title="New American Library">New American Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jove_Books" title="Jove Books">Jove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plume_(publisher)" title="Plume (publisher)">Plume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roc_Books" title="Roc Books">Roc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin</a> Young Readers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dial_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Dial Press">Dial Young Readers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Children%27s_Books" title="Dutton Children's Books">Dutton Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebird_Books" title="Firebird Books">Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosset_%26_Dunlap" title="Grosset & Dunlap">Grosset & Dunlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomel_Books" title="Philomel Books">Philomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_Stern_Sloan" title="Price Stern Sloan">Price Stern Sloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Books" title="Puffin Books">Puffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Warne_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Warne & Co">Warne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Books_on_Tape_(company)" title="Books on Tape (company)">Books on Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Language" title="Living Language">Living Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playaway" title="Playaway">Playaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasquatch_Books" title="Sasquatch Books">Sasquatch Books</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ebury_Publishing" title="Ebury Publishing">Ebury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Books" title="BBC Books">BBC Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebury_Publishing" title="Ebury Publishing">Ebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Rey_Books" title="Del Rey Books">Del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider_(imprint)" title="Rider (imprint)">Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Virgin Books</a> (90%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Allen_%26_Co." title="W. H. Allen & Co.">W. H. Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Penguin General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hamilton" title="Hamish Hamilton">Hamish Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking</a></li> <li>Penguin Press <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelican_Books" title="Pelican Books">Pelican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li>PRH Children <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladybird_Books" title="Ladybird Books">Ladybird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Books" title="Puffin Books">Puffin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cornerstone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Heinemann" title="Hutchinson Heinemann">Hutchinson Heinemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transworld_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Transworld Publishers">Transworld</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantam_Press" title="Bantam Press">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a></li></ul></li> <li>Associated publishers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andersen_Press" title="Andersen Press">Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman's Library</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vintage Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bodley_Head" title="The Bodley Head">The Bodley Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvill_Secker" title="Harvill Secker">Harvill Secker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Cape" title="Jonathan Cape">Jonathan Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doubleday_Canada" title="Doubleday Canada">Doubleday Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McClelland_%26_Stewart" title="McClelland & Stewart">McClelland & Stewart</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Gibson" title="Douglas Gibson">Douglas Gibson Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra_Books" title="Tundra Books">Tundra Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Canadian_Library" title="New Canadian Library">New Canadian Library</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanvalet" title="Blanvalet">Blanvalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cbj_(publisher)" title="Cbj (publisher)">cbj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldmann_(publisher)" title="Goldmann (publisher)">Goldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyne_Verlag" title="Heyne Verlag">Heyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchterhand_Literaturverlag" title="Luchterhand Literaturverlag">Luchterhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manesse_Verlag" title="Manesse Verlag">Manesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestel_Publishing" title="Prestel Publishing">Prestel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfaguara" title="Alfaguara">Alfaguara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_Bruguera" class="mw-redirect" title="Editorial Bruguera">Bruguera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ediciones_B" title="Ediciones B">Ediciones B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Santillana" title="Grupo Santillana">Santillana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Companhia_das_Letras" title="Companhia das Letras">Companhia das Letras</a> (70%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Books" title="Alpha Books">Alpha</a></li></ul></li> <li>PRH Publisher Services</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliant_International_University" title="Alliant International University">Alliant International University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvato" title="Arvato">Arvato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Brockhaus_AG" title="F. A. 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