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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#False_claims_about_WMDs_in_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>False claims about WMDs in Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-False_claims_about_WMDs_in_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Iraqi_Freedom_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Iraqi_Freedom_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Operation Iraqi Freedom documents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Iraqi_Freedom_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repatriation_of_Yemeni_captives_in_Guantanamo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repatriation_of_Yemeni_captives_in_Guantanamo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Repatriation of Yemeni captives in Guantanamo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repatriation_of_Yemeni_captives_in_Guantanamo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tea_Party_Caucus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tea_Party_Caucus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Tea Party Caucus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tea_Party_Caucus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committee_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committee_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Committee assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committee_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caucus_memberships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caucus_memberships"> <div 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id="toc-Interference_in_Dutch_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interference_in_Dutch_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Interference in Dutch politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interference_in_Dutch_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="پت هوکسترا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پت هوکسترا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hoekstra" title="Pete Hoekstra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pete Hoekstra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hoekstra_(homme_politique)" title="Peter Hoekstra (homme politique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peter Hoekstra (homme politique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%8A%B8_%ED%9B%85%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC" title="피트 훅스트라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피트 훅스트라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hoekstra" title="Pete Hoekstra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pete Hoekstra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hoekstra" title="Peter Hoekstra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Peter Hoekstra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="پيتى هويكسترا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پيتى هويكسترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hoekstra" title="Pete Hoekstra – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pete Hoekstra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hoekstra" title="Pete Hoekstra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pete Hoekstra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Хукстра, Пит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хукстра, Пит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hoekstra" title="Pete Hoekstra – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pete Hoekstra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hoekstra" title="Pete Hoekstra – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pete Hoekstra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hoekstra" title="Pete Hoekstra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pete Hoekstra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Піт Хукстра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піт Хукстра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89" title="皮特·胡克斯特拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮特·胡克斯特拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician and diplomat (born 1953)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the American politician and diplomat. For the Dutch footballer, see <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hoekstra_(footballer)" title="Peter Hoekstra (footballer)">Peter Hoekstra (footballer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Pete Hoekstra</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Hoekstra_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pete_Hoekstra_official_photo.jpg/220px-Pete_Hoekstra_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pete_Hoekstra_official_photo.jpg/330px-Pete_Hoekstra_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pete_Hoekstra_official_photo.jpg/440px-Pete_Hoekstra_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4191" data-file-height="5240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Canada">United States Ambassador to Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assuming office</b></span><br /><i>TBD</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeding</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_L._Cohen" title="David L. Cohen">David L. Cohen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Republican_Party" title="Michigan Republican Party">Michigan Republican Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />January 20, 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Malinda Pego (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the Netherlands">United States Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">the Netherlands</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 10, 2018 – January 17, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shawn_Crowley" class="mw-redirect" title="Shawn Crowley">Shawn Crowley</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marja_Verloop" title="Marja Verloop">Marja Verloop</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99Affaires" class="mw-redirect" title="Chargé d’Affaires">Chargé d’Affaires</a>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Michigan02 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Vander_Jagt" title="Guy Vander Jagt">Guy Vander Jagt</a> (redistricting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Huizenga" title="Bill Huizenga">Bill Huizenga</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">House Intelligence Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Harman" title="Jane Harman">Jane Harman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ruppersberger" title="Dutch Ruppersberger">Dutch Ruppersberger</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">House Intelligence Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 23, 2004 – January 3, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Porter Goss</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">Silver Reyes</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Cornelis Pieter Hoekstra</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1953-10-30</span>) </span>October 30, 1953<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 71)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Diane Johnson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hope_College" title="Hope College">Hope College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Pete_Hoekstra_Speaks_in_Support_of_Patriot_Act_Reauthorization.ogg" title="File:Rep. Pete Hoekstra Speaks in Support of Patriot Act Reauthorization.ogg">Pete Hoekstra's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="143" data-mwtitle="Rep._Pete_Hoekstra_Speaks_in_Support_of_Patriot_Act_Reauthorization.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Rep._Pete_Hoekstra_Speaks_in_Support_of_Patriot_Act_Reauthorization.ogg/Rep._Pete_Hoekstra_Speaks_in_Support_of_Patriot_Act_Reauthorization.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Rep._Pete_Hoekstra_Speaks_in_Support_of_Patriot_Act_Reauthorization.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Hoekstra, as chair of the <a href="/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Intelligence Committee">House Intelligence Committee</a>, speaks in support of <a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> reauthorization<br />Recorded July 21, 2005</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cornelis Piet</b> <b>Hoekstra</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born October 30, 1953)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Dutch-American politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the Netherlands">United States Ambassador to the Netherlands</a> from January 10, 2018, to January 17, 2021. President-Elect Trump announced that he will nominate him to serve as the next U.S. ambassador to Canada on November 20, 2024. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, he previously served as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 2nd congressional district">Michigan's 2nd congressional district</a> from 1993 to 2011. </p><p>Born in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, Hoekstra immigrated to the United States as a child. In 1992, Hoekstra ran for the U.S. House, defeating thirteen-term incumbent <a href="/wiki/Guy_Vander_Jagt" title="Guy Vander Jagt">Guy Vander Jagt</a> in the Republican primary and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> opponent John H. Miltner in the general election. Hoekstra was the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">House Intelligence Committee</a> from 2004 to 2007. He was a candidate for governor in <a href="/wiki/2010_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan's 2010 gubernatorial election</a>, but came in second to <a href="/wiki/Rick_Snyder" title="Rick Snyder">Rick Snyder</a> in the Republican primary. Hoekstra was also the Republican nominee for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in 2012, losing to Democratic incumbent <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Debbie Stabenow</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Michigan, 2012">general election</a>. </p><p>In July 2017, Hoekstra was nominated to be <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the Netherlands">United States Ambassador to the Netherlands</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This nomination was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> on November 9, 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hoekstra was sworn in as U.S. Ambassador on December 11, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-sworn-in-ambassador_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sworn-in-ambassador-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took office on January 10, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-assumed-office_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assumed-office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left office on January 17, 2021. </p><p>On January 20, 2024, Hoekstra was elected chair of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Republican_Party" title="Michigan Republican Party">Michigan Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 20, 2024, Hoekstra was nominated to be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Canada" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Canada">United States Ambassador to Canada</a> by President-elect Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoekstra was born Cornelis Piet Hoekstra in <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groningen (city)">Groningen</a>, Netherlands. He moved to the U.S. with his parents at the age of three, and Anglicized his name to <b>Peter Hoekstra.</b><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Holland_Christian_High_School" title="Holland Christian High School">Holland Christian High School</a> (Holland, Michigan) in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hope_College" title="Hope College">Hope College</a> in 1975 and an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ross_School_of_Business" title="Ross School of Business">Ross School of Business</a> in 1977. He then joined office furniture maker <a href="/wiki/Herman_Miller_(manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Miller (manufacturer)">Herman Miller</a> and remained there for 15 years, eventually becoming vice president of marketing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1992, Hoekstra made his first bid for public office in the 2nd District. The district, previously the 9th, had been represented for 26 years by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Vander_Jagt" title="Guy Vander Jagt">Guy Vander Jagt</a>, longtime chairman of the <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Congressional_Committee" title="National Republican Congressional Committee">National Republican Congressional Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoekstra rode his <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a> across the district, charging that Vander Jagt had served in Congress for too long; Vander Jagt had won his first election in 1966, when Hoekstra was 13 years old. He scored a monumental upset, winning by almost six percent. Hoekstra dominated the district's more populated southern portion; Vander Jagt's margins in the northern portion, his longtime base, weren't enough to close the gap.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This primary win was <a href="/wiki/Tantamount_to_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantamount to election">tantamount to election</a> in a district reckoned as Michigan's most Republican district; the GOP has held the district for all but four years since it was created in 1873. Hoekstra later defeated <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> John H. Miltner and <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> Dick Jacobs in the general election, with 63% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoekstra continued to ride his bicycle across the district every summer, and biked across the state for his gubernatorial campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When he was first elected, Hoekstra initially pledged to serve no more than six terms (12 years) in the House. However, in 2004, he announced he would break that pledge and seek a seventh term.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, Hoekstra's Leadership PAC (the Mileage Fund) raised nearly $160,000 in Political Action Contributions from contributors including the <a href="/wiki/Teamsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Teamsters">Teamsters</a>, Michigan Credit Union League, and Little Planet Books.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoekstra faced no significant opposition in the Republican primary or in the general election (as in his previous five reelection campaigns) and went on to secure his seventh term. Shortly after the primary, he was named chairman of the Intelligence Committee, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Porter Goss</a>, who became <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2006">2006</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Michigan" title="2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan">2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Michigan" title="2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan">2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan</a></div> <p>Hoekstra had no primary opponent. In November he was opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> candidate Kimon Kotos,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was also his 2004 opponent. Hoekstra defeated Kotos 183,518 votes to 87,361 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2008">2008</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoekstra ran for re-election in 2008 against Fred Johnson, associate professor of History at <a href="/wiki/Hope_College" title="Hope College">Hope College</a>. He beat Johnson by 215,471 to 119,959 votes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoekstra had a conservative voting record, consistent with the conservative nature of the 2nd congressional district. He opposed abortion rights, opposed expanding health care benefits for children, opposed gay adoption rights and gay marriage, and voted against paid parental leave for federal employees. However, he also opposed amending the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> to prohibit <a href="/wiki/Flag_desecration" title="Flag desecration">flag desecration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gun_laws">Gun laws</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gun laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoekstra consistently opposed <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> during his tenure, earning an A rating from the <a href="/wiki/NRA_Political_Victory_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="NRA Political Victory Fund">NRA Political Victory Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005 he voted to prohibit product lawsuits against gun manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994 he voted against the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Federal Assault Weapons Ban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="False_claims_about_WMDs_in_Iraq">False claims about WMDs in Iraq</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: False claims about WMDs in Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoekstra was a proponent of the claim that the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), and held onto this belief even after no WMDs were found in the wake of the Iraq invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, Hoekstra made headlines by announcing at a press conference in the Capitol that <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> had been located in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in the form of 500 <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical weapons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the weapons in question were defunct munitions, manufactured prior to the 1991 Gulf War and which had been scattered throughout Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The media had already reported on these munitions when Hoekstra made his announcement that the weapons had been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoekstra's insistence that the Hussein regime possessed weapons of mass destruction were disputed by both <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> officials, the <a href="/wiki/Duelfer_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Duelfer Report">Duelfer Report</a>, and the intelligence community.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 3, 2006, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that a website created at the request of Hoekstra and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Roberts" title="Pat Roberts">Pat Roberts</a> was found to contain detailed information that could potentially be helpful to those seeking to produce <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>. The website was shut down on November 2 following questioning by <i>The New York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of September 17, 2007, some news outlets reported that the Congressional committee Hoekstra had overseen had created "erroneous" and "misleading" reports about Iran's nuclear capabilities. "Among the committee's assertions is that Iran is producing weapons-grade uranium at its facility in the town of Natanz. The IAEA called that "incorrect", noting that weapons-grade uranium is enriched to a level of 90 percent or more. Iran has enriched uranium to 3.5 percent under IAEA monitoring."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_Iraqi_Freedom_documents">Operation Iraqi Freedom documents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Operation Iraqi Freedom documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom_documents" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom documents">some 48,000 boxes of documents, audiotapes and videotapes</a> were discovered by the U.S. military. In March 2006, the U.S. government, at the urging of members of Congress, made them available online at its <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Military_Studies_Office" title="Foreign Military Studies Office">Foreign Military Studies Office</a> website, requesting Arabic translators around the world to help in the translation. On April 18, 2006, about a month after the first documents were made public, Hoekstra, chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, issued a news release acknowledging "minimal risks," but saying the site "will enable us to better understand information such as <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam</a>'s links to terrorism, weapons of mass destruction and violence against the Iraqi people." He added: "It will allow us to leverage the Internet to enable a mass examination as opposed to limiting it to a few exclusive elites."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early November 2006, the entire set of documents was removed. Media reports stated that the website was taken offline because of security concerns regarding the posting of sophisticated diagrams and other information regarding nuclear weapon design prior to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">1991 Persian Gulf war</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Repatriation_of_Yemeni_captives_in_Guantanamo">Repatriation of Yemeni captives in Guantanamo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Repatriation of Yemeni captives in Guantanamo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 27, 2009, Hoekstra commented on reports that <a href="/wiki/Umar_Farouk_Abdulmutallab" title="Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab">Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab</a>, who had allegedly tried to set off a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bomb">suicide bomb</a> on <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines_Flight_253" title="Northwest Airlines Flight 253">Northwest Airlines Flight 253</a> on December 25, 2009, had subsequently confessed to being trained and equipped in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoekstra called for a halt to the repatriation of <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_captives_in_Guantanamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni captives in Guantanamo">Yemeni captives in Guantanamo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tea_Party_Caucus">Tea Party Caucus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tea Party Caucus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoekstra was a founding member of the Congressional House <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Caucus" title="Tea Party Caucus">Tea Party Caucus</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Committee assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence</a></b> <ul><li>As ranking member of the full committee, Rep. Hoekstra may serve as an <i>ex officio</i> member of all subcommittees</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Education_and_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Education and Labor">Committee on Education and Labor</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Education_Subcommittee_on_Early_Childhood,_Elementary_and_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Education Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education">Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Education_Subcommittee_on_Workforce_Protections" title="United States House Education Subcommittee on Workforce Protections">Subcommittee on Workforce Protections</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caucus_memberships">Caucus memberships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Caucus memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Founding chairman of the Education Freedom Caucus</li> <li>Founding chairman of the Congressional Caucus on the Netherlands</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2010_gubernatorial_election">2010 gubernatorial election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2010 gubernatorial election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Michigan gubernatorial election">2010 Michigan gubernatorial election</a></div> <p>In December 2008, Hoekstra said he would not seek re-election to his U.S. House seat in 2010, and instead campaign to be Michigan's governor. Hoekstra joined <a href="/wiki/Mike_Bouchard" title="Mike Bouchard">Mike Bouchard</a>, the Oakland County Sheriff and former state senator, former <a href="/wiki/Gateway,_Inc." title="Gateway, Inc.">Gateway, Inc.</a> president <a href="/wiki/Rick_Snyder" title="Rick Snyder">Rick Snyder</a>, State Senator <a href="/wiki/Tom_George" title="Tom George">Tom George</a> and Michigan Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Mike_Cox_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Cox (U.S. politician)">Mike Cox</a> as 2010 Republican gubernatorial candidates. In the primary, held on August 3, 2010, Hoekstra finished second to Snyder.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>2010 Michigan Republican gubernatorial primary<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Rick Snyder</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>381,327</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>36.4</b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Pete Hoekstra </td> <td style="text-align:right">280,976 </td> <td style="text-align:right">26.8 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Mike Cox </td> <td style="text-align:right">240,409 </td> <td style="text-align:right">23.0 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Mike Bouchard </td> <td style="text-align:right">127,350 </td> <td style="text-align:right">12.2 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Tom George </td> <td style="text-align:right">16,986 </td> <td style="text-align:right">1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>1,044,925 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>100 </b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2012_U.S._Senate_election">2012 U.S. Senate election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2012 U.S. Senate election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan" title="2012 United States Senate election in Michigan">2012 United States Senate election in Michigan</a></div> <p>Hoekstra was suggested as a possible challenger for Democratic incumbent <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Debbie Stabenow</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Michigan, 2012">2012 Senate election</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he initially declined to run.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoekstra later changed his mind and decided to challenge Stabenow in the election.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 29, 2011, Hoekstra was endorsed by Republican Michigan Governor Rick Snyder,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on September 23, 2011, Hoekstra was endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_candidates,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential candidates, 2012">2012 Presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoekstra faced Stabenow and four third-party candidates in the general election. On November 6, 2012, Hoekstra was defeated by Stabenow, receiving 38% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan" title="2012 United States Senate election in Michigan">2012 United States Senate election in Michigan</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Debbie Stabenow</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">incumbent</a>) </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>2,735,826</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>58.8%</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+1.9 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (US)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Pete Hoekstra </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1,767,386 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">38.0% </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−3.3 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #FED105; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party (US)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Boman" title="Scott Boman">Scotty Boman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">84,480 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1.8% </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+1.1 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #17aa5c; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (US)">Green</a> </td> <td class="fn">Harley Mikkelson </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">27,890 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">0.6% </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">− </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #A356DE; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution Party (US)">Constitution</a> </td> <td class="fn">Richard Matkin </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">26,038 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">0.6% </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+0.1 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: NavajoWhite; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law</a> </td> <td class="fn">John Litle </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">11,229 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">0.2% </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+0.1 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px">Others </td> <td class="fn">Write-in </td> <td style="text-align:right;">69 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.0% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">− </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">Majority </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">409,367 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">8.8% </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">4,652,918 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #3333FF"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">2% </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ad_controversy">Ad controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ad controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoekstra targeted Democratic incumbent Debbie Stabenow with a television ad which ran statewide during the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVI" title="Super Bowl XLVI">2012 Super Bowl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 30-second ad, created by Republican advertising consultant <a href="/wiki/Fred_Davis_III" title="Fred Davis III">Fred Davis III</a>, opened with the sound of a gong and the image of a Chinese woman (played by 2012 Miss Napa Valley Lisa Chan)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> riding a bike alongside a rice <a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">paddy</a>. The ad sarcastically accused Stabenow of contributing to the U.S.' spending problem, with the woman thanking "Michigan Senator Debbie Spenditnow", in <a href="/wiki/Broken_English" title="Broken English">broken English</a>, implying Stabenow has earned China's gratitude for making the U.S. economy "very weak" while China's "get very good".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commercial included a link to a Hoekstra campaign website with statistics about federal spending, decorated with images of Chinese flags and currency and using a stereotypical <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatown</a> font.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> code on Hoekstra's site, the woman in the ad is identified as "yellowgirl".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A statement released by the Hoekstra campaign said the <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> code was mistakenly shortened from "yellowshirtgirl".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asian-American groups called the ad "very disturbing",<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two of Hoekstra's GOP opponents, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Durant" title="Clark Durant">Clark Durant</a> and Gary Glenn, questioned whether Hoekstra was the right candidate for Republicans to support.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ad was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Yaki" title="Michael Yaki">Michael Yaki</a>, former aide to <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Commission_on_Civil_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Commission on Civil Rights">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights</a>, and U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Dan_Inouye" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Inouye">Dan Inouye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Fallows" title="James Fallows">James Fallows</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> called it the "most revolting ad".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> denounced the ad as an "unnecessary <a href="/wiki/Race_card" title="Race card">race card</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ad proved costly for Hoekstra; several polls reported him losing ground to Stabenow in a head-to-head match-up.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoekstra initially stood by the ad, claiming it hit Stabenow "smack dab between the eyes" on the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on February 10, 2012, Hoekstra shut down his controversial Chinese-themed website and phased in a new TV commercial in place of his original ad.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American Values super PAC, an Asian American group, claimed credit for the scrub shortly after the group's launch of an online viral ad condemning Hoekstra.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 16, Chan apologized for her involvement in the ad. In a statement on her <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page, she said the role was "not in any way representative of who I am" and "absolutely a mistake on my part."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the controversy, Hoekstra won the Republican primary.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lost to Stabenow in the general election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-political_career">Post-political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Post-political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2011, Hoekstra joined the government relations group and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> law firm <a href="/wiki/Dickstein_Shapiro" title="Dickstein Shapiro">Dickstein Shapiro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was named a visiting distinguished fellow at the conservative <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>, concentrating on education reform.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Hoekstra left Dickstein Shapiro to join one of its rivals, <a href="/wiki/Greenberg_Traurig" title="Greenberg Traurig">Greenberg Traurig</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoekstra joined <a href="/wiki/Steven_Emerson" title="Steven Emerson">Steven Emerson</a>'s Investigative Project on Terrorism in 2014 as a <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shillman" title="Robert J. Shillman">Shillman</a> Senior Fellow, specializing in national security, international relations, global terrorism and cyber security.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoekstra published his first book in October 2015, <i>Architects of Disaster: The Destruction of Libya</i> with Terri Blumenfeld. </p><p>In an interview with NPR's Robert Siegel on December 10, 2014, Hoekstra said he disagreed with the recently released <a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee_report_on_CIA_torture" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture">Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s KFile reported that Hoekstra in 2016 accused <a href="/wiki/Huma_Abedin" title="Huma Abedin">Huma Abedin</a> of ties with the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>. A 2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Fact_checking" class="mw-redirect" title="Fact checking">fact-checker</a> gave Hoekstra's claim "four <a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(disambiguation)#Awards" class="mw-disambig" title="Pinocchio (disambiguation)">Pinocchios</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CNN also stated that Hoekstra was a frequent guest on a talk show hosted by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaffney" title="Frank Gaffney">Frank Gaffney</a>, an anti-Muslim conspiracy theorist based in Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 11, 2017, Hoekstra said that <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Manning" title="Chelsea Manning">Chelsea Manning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>, and other leakers of government materials, having illegally released classified information, were traitors and should have taken their evidence to the intelligence committees of the U.S. Congress for proper investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Ambassador_to_the_Netherlands">U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 24, 2017, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> nominated Hoekstra to be <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the Netherlands">United States Ambassador to the Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was confirmed by the Senate on November 9 via voice vote<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sworn in by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> on December 11, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-sworn-in-ambassador_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sworn-in-ambassador-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took office on January 10, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-assumed-office_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assumed-office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Muslim_comments">Anti-Muslim comments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Anti-Muslim comments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Eurabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurabia">Eurabia</a></div> <p>Later that December, <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a> U.S. correspondent Wouter Zwart questioned Hoekstra about inaccurate claims that he had made in November 2015 at a panel titled "Muslim Migration into Europe: Eurabia come True?" hosted by the <a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">David Horowitz Freedom Center</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the Netherlands had "<a href="/wiki/No-go_area" title="No-go area">no-go zones</a>" and that politicians and cars were being set on fire in the country due to <a href="/wiki/Radical_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical Islam">radical Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoekstra told Zwart that he had never said such things, saying, "we would call it <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a>. I never said that."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zwart then played the clip in which he made those remarks for his viewers. Later in the interview, Hoekstra denied that he denied it, saying "I didn't call it 'fake news'. I didn't use those words today."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 23, Hoekstra issued an apology on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, writing that he "made certain remarks in 2015 and regret[ted] the exchange during the <i><a href="/wiki/Nieuwsuur" title="Nieuwsuur">Nieuwsuur</a></i> interview".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 10, 2018, during his press conference after presenting his credentials to King <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a>, Hoekstra said that he did not want to revisit the comments made in 2015. Despite repeated questions from Dutch reporters regarding these comments, Hoekstra refused to talk about these statements and refused to answer further questions.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 11, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Public_Diplomacy_and_Public_Affairs" title="Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs">Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Goldstein_(diplomat)" title="Steve Goldstein (diplomat)">Steve Goldstein</a> said that in 2015, Hoekstra "made comments that should not have been made",<sup id="cite_ref-ap1101_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap1101-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that "the State Department does not agree with those statements" and "that is not the language we would use."<sup id="cite_ref-ap1101_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap1101-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He added that the "comments were wrong and don't reflect the U.S. view of the Netherlands".<sup id="cite_ref-ap1101_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap1101-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One day later, in an interview with Dutch newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/De_Telegraaf" title="De Telegraaf">De Telegraaf</a></i>, Hoekstra finally retracted his statement about the presence of "no-go zones" in the Netherlands where cars and politicians are being set on fire, saying: "Looking back, I'm dismayed that I said it. It was an incorrect statement. It was just wrong."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further claimed that he could not recall how he got to the statement or what it was based on, saying: "I've mixed up countries. I was wrong, and I don't know how that could have happened. I do know: it was wrong."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interference_in_Dutch_politics">Interference in Dutch politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Interference in Dutch politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2020, a group of Dutch officials demanded answers from Hoekstra in response to reports that he had hosted a fund-raising event at the U.S. embassy for the far right Dutch political party <a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a>, a potential violation of international law.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is not the first time Hoekstra has been associated with the far-right party. In May 2020, Hoekstra was interviewed by party leader <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Baudet" title="Thierry Baudet">Thierry Baudet</a> on the party's video channel and he was also a guest speaker at the party's conference in November 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WMD_conjecture_after_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="WMD conjecture after the 2003 invasion of Iraq">WMD conjecture after the 2003 invasion of Iraq</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUFmxW5Klk4">INTERVIEW</a>; <i>Pete Hoekstra baalt van valse start: "Wie wil er nu zo beginnen?"</i> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nu.nl/groningen/5002544/stadjer-pete-hoekstra-bevestigd-als-nieuwe-amerikaanse-ambassadeur.html">"'<i>Stadjer' Pete Hoekstra bevestigd als nieuwe Amerikaanse ambassadeur</i>"</a> ['Stadjer' Pete Hoekstra confirmed as new American ambassador] (in Dutch). Nu.nl. November 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadjer%27+Pete+Hoekstra+bevestigd+als+nieuwe+Amerikaanse+ambassadeur&rft.pub=Nu.nl&rft.date=2017-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nu.nl%2Fgroningen%2F5002544%2Fstadjer-pete-hoekstra-bevestigd-als-nieuwe-amerikaanse-ambassadeur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd_Spangler2017" class="citation web cs1">Todd Spangler (July 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freep.com/story/news/2017/07/25/president-trump-nominates-u-s-rep-hoekstra-dutch-ambassador/507146001/">"President Donald Trump nominates U.S. Rep. Pete Hoekstra to be Dutch ambassador"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_Free_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Detroit Free Press">The Detroit Free Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Donald+Trump+nominates+U.S.+Rep.+Pete+Hoekstra+to+be+Dutch+ambassador&rft.pub=The+Detroit+Free+Press&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft.au=Todd+Spangler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2017%2F07%2F25%2Fpresident-trump-nominates-u-s-rep-hoekstra-dutch-ambassador%2F507146001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/831">"PN831 — Peter Hoekstra — Department of State"</a>. <i>U.S. Congress</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Congress&rft.atitle=PN831+%E2%80%94+Peter+Hoekstra+%E2%80%94+Department+of+State&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fnomination%2F115th-congress%2F831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sworn-in-ambassador-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sworn-in-ambassador_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sworn-in-ambassador_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.usembassy.gov/ambassador-designate-peter-hoekstra-sworn-vice-president-mike-pence/">"Ambassador-designate Peter Hoekstra sworn in by Vice President Mike Pence"</a>. U.S. Mission Netherlands. December 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 23, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060701140845/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C200763%2C00.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Rep.+Pete+Hoekstra+Details+His+Breakthrough+WMD+Report&rft.date=2006-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Frep-pete-hoekstra-details-his-breakthrough-wmd-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309111711/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003079937_wmd23.html">"Report sparks debate over Iraq arsenal"</a>. <i>The Seattle Times</i>. June 23, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003079937_wmd23.html">the original</a> on March 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Report+sparks+debate+over+Iraq+arsenal&rft.date=2006-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattletimes.nwsource.com%2Fhtml%2Fnationworld%2F2003079937_wmd23.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Situation Room</i>, CNN. June 21, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0606/21/sitroom.03.html">Transcript available.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Washington Post</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/21/AR2006062101837.html">Lawmakers Cite Weapons Found in Iraq.</a> June 22, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroad2006" class="citation news cs1">Broad, William J. (November 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/03/world/middleeast/03documents.html?hp&ex=1162530000&en=1511d6b3da302d4f&ei=5094&partner=homepage">"U.S. Web Archive Is Said to Reveal a Nuclear Primer"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Web+Archive+Is+Said+to+Reveal+a+Nuclear+Primer&rft.date=2006-11-03&rft.aulast=Broad&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F11%2F03%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F03documents.html%3Fhp%26ex%3D1162530000%26en%3D1511d6b3da302d4f%26ei%3D5094%26partner%3Dhomepage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5346524.stm">"US Iran report branded dishonest"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. September 14, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+Iran+report+branded+dishonest&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F5346524.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iaea-iran-nuclear-report-outrageous/">"IAEA: Iran Nuclear Report 'Outrageous'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. September 14, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=IAEA%3A+Iran+Nuclear+Report+%27Outrageous%27&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fiaea-iran-nuclear-report-outrageous%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_J._Broad2006" class="citation web cs1">William J. Broad (November 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/03/world/middleeast/03documents.html">"U.S. Web Archive Is Said to Reveal a Nuclear Primer"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Web+Archive+Is+Said+to+Reveal+a+Nuclear+Primer&rft.date=2006-11-03&rft.au=William+J.+Broad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F11%2F03%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F03documents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/following-path-of-least-resistance-terrorists-turn-yemen-into-poor-mans-afghanistan/">"Following Path of Least Resistance, Terrorists Turn Yemen Into Poor Man's Afghanistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. December 27, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091230123810/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/12/27/following-path-resistance-terrorists-turn-yemen-poor-mans-afghanistan/">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2009. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'They should stay there. They should not go back to Yemen,' Hoekstra said. 'If they go back to Yemen, we will very soon find them back on the battlefield going after Americans and other western interests.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Following+Path+of+Least+Resistance%2C+Terrorists+Turn+Yemen+Into+Poor+Man%27s+Afghanistan&rft.date=2009-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffollowing-path-of-least-resistance-terrorists-turn-yemen-into-poor-mans-afghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosh_Gerstein2009" class="citation news cs1">Josh Gerstein (December 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091231122229/http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=CD70C0DB-18FE-70B2-A8665EFC42F4E403">"Bomb plot complicates Gitmo plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico (newspaper)">Politico</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=CD70C0DB-18FE-70B2-A8665EFC42F4E403">the original</a> on December 31, 2009. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Yesterday just highlights the fact that sending this many people back—or any people back—to Yemen right now is a really bad idea,' said Rep. Pete Hoekstra (R-Mich.), the ranking Republican on the House Intelligence Committee. 'It's just dumb….If you made a list of what the three dumbest countries would be to send people back to, Yemen would be on all the lists.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bomb+plot+complicates+Gitmo+plan&rft.date=2009-12-27&rft.au=Josh+Gerstein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdyn.politico.com%2Fprintstory.cfm%3Fuuid%3DCD70C0DB-18FE-70B2-A8665EFC42F4E403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/07/rep_pete_hoekstra_joins_michel.html">"Rep. Pete Hoekstra joins Michele Bachmann in House Tea Party Caucus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. July 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rep.+Pete+Hoekstra+joins+Michele+Bachmann+in+House+Tea+Party+Caucus&rft.date=2010-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlive.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2010%2F07%2Frep_pete_hoekstra_joins_michel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abc13.com/archive/7566359/">"Michigan News – Hoekstra Joins Bachmann In House Tea Party Caucus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KTRK-TV" title="KTRK-TV">KTRK-TV</a>. July 21, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Michigan+News+%E2%80%93+Hoekstra+Joins+Bachmann+In+House+Tea+Party+Caucus&rft.date=2010-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabc13.com%2Farchive%2F7566359%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100817034310/http://www.freep.com/article/20100813/NEWS15/100813027/1285/Hoekstra-slams-Right-to-Life-for-snub-wants-its-director-ousted">"Hoekstra slams Right to Life for snub, wants its director ousted | freep.com | Detroit Free Press"</a>. freep.com. August 13, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freep.com/article/20100813/NEWS15/100813027/1285/Hoekstra-slams-Right-to-Life-for-snub-wants-its-director-ousted">the original</a> on August 17, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoekstra+slams+Right+to+Life+for+snub%2C+wants+its+director+ousted+%26%23124%3B+freep.com+%26%23124%3B+Detroit+Free+Press&rft.pub=freep.com&rft.date=2010-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Farticle%2F20100813%2FNEWS15%2F100813027%2F1285%2FHoekstra-slams-Right-to-Life-for-snub-wants-its-director-ousted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2010/election_2010_governor_elections/michigan/election_2010_michigan_republican_primary_for_governor">"Election 2010: Michigan Republican Primary for Governor – Rasmussen Reports"</a>. Rasmussenreports.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+2010%3A+Michigan+Republican+Primary+for+Governor+%E2%80%93+Rasmussen+Reports&rft.pub=Rasmussenreports.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rasmussenreports.com%2Fpublic_content%2Fpolitics%2Felections2%2Felection_2010%2Felection_2010_governor_elections%2Fmichigan%2Felection_2010_michigan_republican_primary_for_governor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605200103/http://realclearpolitics.blogs.time.com/2010/06/03/mi-gov-poll-dillon-hoekstra-lead-primary-fields/">"MI Gov Poll: Dillon, Hoekstra Lead Primary Fields"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://realclearpolitics.blogs.time.com/2010/06/03/mi-gov-poll-dillon-hoekstra-lead-primary-fields/">the original</a> on June 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=MI+Gov+Poll%3A+Dillon%2C+Hoekstra+Lead+Primary+Fields&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frealclearpolitics.blogs.time.com%2F2010%2F06%2F03%2Fmi-gov-poll-dillon-hoekstra-lead-primary-fields%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2010/governor/2010_michigan_governor_race.html">"2010 Michigan Governor Race"</a>. RealClearPolitics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Michigan+Governor+Race&rft.pub=RealClearPolitics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fepolls%2F2010%2Fgovernor%2F2010_michigan_governor_race.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100806031413/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/governors/blunt-to-face-carnahan-in-miss.html">"Snyder wins in Michigan, Moran in Kansas; Rep. Kilpatrick loses primary"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/governors/blunt-to-face-carnahan-in-miss.html">the original</a> on August 6, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Snyder+wins+in+Michigan%2C+Moran+in+Kansas%3B+Rep.+Kilpatrick+loses+primary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoices.washingtonpost.com%2Fthefix%2Fgovernors%2Fblunt-to-face-carnahan-in-miss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121201011440/http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/10PRI/02000000.html">"Michigan Primary results"</a>. <i>2010 Unofficial Michigan Primary Election Results</i>. August 4, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/10PRI/02000000.html">the original</a> on December 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2010+Unofficial+Michigan+Primary+Election+Results&rft.atitle=Michigan+Primary+results&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiboecfr.nictusa.com%2Felection%2Fresults%2F10PRI%2F02000000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCranson2011" class="citation news cs1">Cranson, Jeff (January 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/01/michigan_poll_pete_hoekstra_to.html">"Michigan poll: Pete Hoekstra tops in GOP Senate candidates, Mitt Romney for president, and 2-1 support for Detroit-Windsor bridge"</a>. <i>The Grand Rapids Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Grand+Rapids+Press&rft.atitle=Michigan+poll%3A+Pete+Hoekstra+tops+in+GOP+Senate+candidates%2C+Mitt+Romney+for+president%2C+and+2-1+support+for+Detroit-Windsor+bridge&rft.date=2011-01-28&rft.aulast=Cranson&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlive.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F01%2Fmichigan_poll_pete_hoekstra_to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToeplitz2011" class="citation web cs1">Toeplitz, Shira (April 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rollcall.com/news/ex_rep_pete_hoekstra_wont_challenge_stabenow-204991-1.html">"Ex-Rep. Pete Hoekstra Won't Challenge Stabenow"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roll+Call&rft.atitle=Ex-Rep.+Pete+Hoekstra+Won%27t+Challenge+Stabenow&rft.date=2011-04-15&rft.aulast=Toeplitz&rft.aufirst=Shira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollcall.com%2Fnews%2Fex_rep_pete_hoekstra_wont_challenge_stabenow-204991-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinhauser2011" class="citation news cs1">Steinhauser, Paul (July 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722010048/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/20/did-the-gop-get-the-candidate-it-wanted-in-michigan/">"Did the GOP get the candidate it wanted in Michigan?"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/20/did-the-gop-get-the-candidate-it-wanted-in-michigan/">the original</a> on July 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Did+the+GOP+get+the+candidate+it+wanted+in+Michigan%3F&rft.date=2011-07-20&rft.aulast=Steinhauser&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoliticalticker.blogs.cnn.com%2F2011%2F07%2F20%2Fdid-the-gop-get-the-candidate-it-wanted-in-michigan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111218161801/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2011/08/29/michigan_gov_snyder_endorses_hoekstra.html/">"Michigan Gov. Snyder Endorses Hoekstra"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2011/08/29/michigan_gov_snyder_endorses_hoekstra.html/">the original</a> on December 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michigan+Gov.+Snyder+Endorses+Hoekstra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Farticles%2F2011%2F08%2F29%2Fmichigan_gov_snyder_endorses_hoekstra.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120103052634/http://washingtonindependent.com/112410/bachmann-endorses-hoekstra-to-run-against-stabenow-for-u-s-senate">"Bachmann endorses Hoekstra to run against Stabenow for U.S. Senate"</a>. The Washington Independent. September 23, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washingtonindependent.com/112410/bachmann-endorses-hoekstra-to-run-against-stabenow-for-u-s-senate">the original</a> on January 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bachmann+endorses+Hoekstra+to+run+against+Stabenow+for+U.S.+Senate&rft.pub=The+Washington+Independent&rft.date=2011-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonindependent.com%2F112410%2Fbachmann-endorses-hoekstra-to-run-against-stabenow-for-u-s-senate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2012" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Ruth (November 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121109175745/http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/12GEN/05000000.html">"Summary Totals: United States Senator 6 Year Term (1) Position"</a>. Michigan Department of State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/12GEN/05000000.html">the original</a> on November 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+Totals%3A+United+States+Senator+6+Year+Term+%281%29+Position&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+State&rft.date=2012-11-26&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiboecfr.nictusa.com%2Felection%2Fresults%2F12GEN%2F05000000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/multimedia/video/hoekstras-controversial-super-bowl-ad.html">"Hoekstra's controversial Super Bowl ad"</a>. Politico. February 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoekstra%27s+controversial+Super+Bowl+ad&rft.pub=Politico&rft.date=2012-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmultimedia%2Fvideo%2Fhoekstras-controversial-super-bowl-ad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuffman2012" class="citation web cs1">Huffman, Jennifer (February 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/miss-napa-valley-caught-in-super-bowl-ad-debacle/article_7a733ab6-586d-11e1-a96f-0019bb2963f4.html">"Miss Napa Valley caught in Super Bowl ad debacle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Napa_Valley_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="The Napa Valley Register">The Napa Valley Register</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miss+Napa+Valley+caught+in+Super+Bowl+ad+debacle&rft.pub=The+Napa+Valley+Register&rft.date=2012-02-16&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnapavalleyregister.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmiss-napa-valley-caught-in-super-bowl-ad-debacle%2Farticle_7a733ab6-586d-11e1-a96f-0019bb2963f4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208062248/http://www.freep.com/article/20120206/NEWS15/120206008/Pete-Hoekstra-Super-Bowl-ad">"With videos: Pete Hoekstra Super Bowl ad slammed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freep.com/article/20120206/NEWS15/120206008/Pete-Hoekstra-Super-Bowl-ad">the original</a> on February 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=With+videos%3A+Pete+Hoekstra+Super+Bowl+ad+slammed&rft.pub=Detroit+Free+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Farticle%2F20120206%2FNEWS15%2F120206008%2FPete-Hoekstra-Super-Bowl-ad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/06/ad-draws-protests-for-portrayal-of-asians/">Ad Draws Protests for Portrayal of Asians</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFallows2012" class="citation web cs1">Fallows, James (February 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/02/this-is-so-classy-yellow-girl/252685/">"This Is So Classy: 'Yellow Girl'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. The Atlantic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+Is+So+Classy%3A+%27Yellow+Girl%27&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft.date=2012-02-06&rft.aulast=Fallows&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2012%2F02%2Fthis-is-so-classy-yellow-girl%2F252685%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatanese2012" class="citation news cs1">Catanese, David (February 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/david-catanese/2012/02/hoekstra-team-yellow-girl-a-web-typo-113745.html">"Hoekstra team: 'Yellow Girl' a web typo"</a>. <i>Politico</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Hoekstra+team%3A+%27Yellow+Girl%27+a+web+typo&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft.aulast=Catanese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fdavid-catanese%2F2012%2F02%2Fhoekstra-team-yellow-girl-a-web-typo-113745.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017195554/http://thegrio.com/2012/02/06/hoekstras-broken-english-ad-draws-more-criticism/">"Hoekstra's broken English ad draws more criticism | theGrio"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thegrio.com/2012/02/06/hoekstras-broken-english-ad-draws-more-criticism/">the original</a> on October 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoekstra%27s+broken+English+ad+draws+more+criticism+%26%23124%3B+theGrio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthegrio.com%2F2012%2F02%2F06%2Fhoekstras-broken-english-ad-draws-more-criticism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218135915/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/black-ministers-join-critics-who-say-hoekstras-broken-english-ad-is-racially-insensitive/2012/02/06/gIQAPblltQ_story.html">"Black ministers join critics who say Hoekstra's broken English ad is racially insensitive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. February 6, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/black-ministers-join-critics-who-say-hoekstras-broken-english-ad-is-racially-insensitive/2012/02/06/gIQAPblltQ_story.html">the original</a> on February 18, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+ministers+join+critics+who+say+Hoekstra%27s+broken+English+ad+is+racially+insensitive&rft.pub=Associated+Press&rft.date=2012-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fblack-ministers-join-critics-who-say-hoekstras-broken-english-ad-is-racially-insensitive%2F2012%2F02%2F06%2FgIQAPblltQ_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talkingpointsmemo.com/muckraker">"Category: Muckraker"</a>. <i>TPM – Talking Points Memo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TPM+%E2%80%93+Talking+Points+Memo&rft.atitle=Category%3A+Muckraker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftalkingpointsmemo.com%2Fmuckraker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/inouye-on-hoekstra-his-racist-thoughts-are-not-welcome-in-the-united-states-senate/2012/02/07/gIQAp6oDxQ_blog.html">Inouye on Hoekstra: ‘His racist thoughts are not welcome in the United States Senate’</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, July 2, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/02/superbowl-special-my-nominee-for-most-revolting-ad/252593/">Super Bowl Special! My Nominee for Most Revolting Ad</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/pete-hoekstras-super-bowl-ad-is-a-super-flop-2012-02-06">"Pete Hoekstra's Super Bowl Ad is a Super Flop (NAACP release)"</a>. PR Newswire. February 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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News">Yahoo! News</a>, February 16, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2012" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Tim (August 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlive.com/politics/2012/08/hoekstra_senate_michigan.html">"Michigan U.S. Senate seat: Pete Hoekstra wins Republican primary; Stabenow up next"</a>. <i>mlive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mlive&rft.atitle=Michigan+U.S.+Senate+seat%3A+Pete+Hoekstra+wins+Republican+primary%3B+Stabenow+up+next&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlive.com%2Fpolitics%2F2012%2F08%2Fhoekstra_senate_michigan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCranson2011" class="citation news cs1">Cranson, Jeff (February 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/02/former_us_rep_pete_hoekstra_na.html">"Former U.S. Rep. Pete Hoekstra named senior adviser at Washington law and lobbying firm"</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Rapids Press">Grand Rapids Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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He will concentrate on education reform for the prominent think tank.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+Foundation+Names+Former+Rep.+Pete+Hoekstra+as+Visiting+Distinguished+Fellow&rft.pub=The+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2FResearch%2FReports%2F2011%2F02%2FHeritage-Foundation-Names-Former-Rep-Pete-Hoekstra-as-Visiting-Distinguished-Fellow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tau, Byron.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/dickstein-shapiro-defect-greenberg-traurig-108724">13 K Streeters cross the street</a> Politico, July 9, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-honorable-pete-hoekstra-joins-the-investigative-project-on-terrorism-as-the-shillman-senior-fellow-240156201.html">PR NewsWire</a> January 14, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2014/12/10/369902472/former-congressman-enhanced-interrogation-techniques-can-be-valuable">"Former Congressman: Enhanced Interrogation Techniques Can Be Valuable"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=%27Fake+news%27+blunder+from+US+envoy+to+the+Netherlands+-+BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fworld-europe-42462190%2Ffake-news-blunder-from-us-envoy-to-the-netherlands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2017" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Paul P. (December 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/22/politics/us-ambassador-to-netherlands-denies-own-comments/index.html">"US ambassador denies own comments, then denies denial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+ambassador+denies+own+comments%2C+then+denies+denial&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Paul+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F12%2F22%2Fpolitics%2Fus-ambassador-to-netherlands-denies-own-comments%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVazquezMurphy2017" class="citation web cs1">Vazquez, Maegan; Murphy, Paul P. (December 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/23/politics/pete-hoekstra-apology/index.html">"US ambassador apologizes for 2015 remarks he had called 'fake news'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+ambassador+apologizes+for+2015+remarks+he+had+called+%27fake+news%27&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2017-12-23&rft.aulast=Vazquez&rft.aufirst=Maegan&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Paul+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F12%2F23%2Fpolitics%2Fpete-hoekstra-apology%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2211303-vs-ambassadeur-weigert-uitleg-over-bewering-in-brand-gestoken-politici.html">"VS-ambassadeur weigert uitleg over bewering in brand gestoken politici"</a> [US ambassador refuses explanation about claim ignited politicians] (in Dutch). NOS. January 10, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=VS-ambassadeur+weigert+uitleg+over+bewering+in+brand+gestoken+politici&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2211303-vs-ambassadeur-weigert-uitleg-over-bewering-in-brand-gestoken-politici.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-usa-hoekstra/trumps-new-netherlands-envoy-sheds-no-light-on-muslim-chaos-comment-idUSKBN1EZ1TO">"Trump's new Netherlands envoy sheds no light on 'Muslim chaos' comment"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. January 10, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+new+Netherlands+envoy+sheds+no+light+on+%27Muslim+chaos%27+comment&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-netherlands-usa-hoekstra%2Ftrumps-new-netherlands-envoy-sheds-no-light-on-muslim-chaos-comment-idUSKBN1EZ1TO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/us-ambassador-netherlands-clashes-dutch-reporters-remarks-muslims/4201727.html">"US Ambassador to Netherlands Clashes with Dutch Reporters Over Remarks About Muslims"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Ambassador+to+Netherlands+Clashes+with+Dutch+Reporters+Over+Remarks+About+Muslims&rft.pub=VOA+News&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fus-ambassador-netherlands-clashes-dutch-reporters-remarks-muslims%2F4201727.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Trump-ambassador-to-Netherlands-Muslim-Hague-12489528.php">"Trump's ambassador to Netherlands was asked to name a person 'burned' because of Islam. He couldn't"</a>. 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U.S. News & World Report<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Dept+Disavows+Comments+by+US+Ambassador+to+Netherlands&rft.pub=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticles%2F2018-01-11%2Fstate-dept-disavows-comments-by-us-ambassador-to-netherlands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1534877/ambassadeur-van-trump-zegt-sorry-tegen-nederland">"Ambassadeur van Trump zegt sorry tegen Nederland"</a> [Trump's ambassador says sorry to the Netherlands] (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/De_Telegraaf" title="De Telegraaf">De Telegraaf</a>. January 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ambassadeur+van+Trump+zegt+sorry+tegen+Nederland&rft.pub=De+Telegraaf&rft.date=2018-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraaf.nl%2Fnieuws%2F1534877%2Fambassadeur-van-trump-zegt-sorry-tegen-nederland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/13/politics/us-netherlands-no-go/index.html">"US envoy reportedly 'dismayed' over his past comments on Muslims, violence in Netherlands"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. January 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+envoy+reportedly+%27dismayed%27+over+his+past+comments+on+Muslims%2C+violence+in+Netherlands&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F01%2F13%2Fpolitics%2Fus-netherlands-no-go%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/01/12/after-drubbing-by-the-press-trumps-netherlands-ambassador-apologizes-for-anti-muslim-remarks/">"After drubbing by media, Trump's ambassador to the Netherlands apologizes for anti-Muslim remarks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. January 12, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316020354/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/01/12/after-drubbing-by-the-press-trumps-netherlands-ambassador-apologizes-for-anti-muslim-remarks/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=After+drubbing+by+media%2C+Trump%27s+ambassador+to+the+Netherlands+apologizes+for+anti-Muslim+remarks&rft.date=2018-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2018%2F01%2F12%2Fafter-drubbing-by-the-press-trumps-netherlands-ambassador-apologizes-for-anti-muslim-remarks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2020" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Adam (September 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/09/22/us-ambassador-pete-hoekstra-netherlands-embassy-fvd">"Dutch lawmakers demand answers after U.S. ambassador holds party for right-wing populists at embassy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Dutch+lawmakers+demand+answers+after+U.S.+ambassador+holds+party+for+right-wing+populists+at+embassy&rft.date=2020-09-22&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2F09%2F22%2Fus-ambassador-pete-hoekstra-netherlands-embassy-fvd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/pete-hoekstra-us-ambassador-under-fire-for-hosting-dutch-far-right-bash/">"US ambassador under fire for hosting Dutch far-right bash"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. September 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=US+ambassador+under+fire+for+hosting+Dutch+far-right+bash&rft.date=2020-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fpete-hoekstra-us-ambassador-under-fire-for-hosting-dutch-far-right-bash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Hoekstra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Hoekstra&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514062912/http://www.investigativeproject.org/author/Pete+Hoekstra">Articles by Pete Hoekstra</a> <i>IPT (Investigative Project on Terrorism)</i></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=h000676">Biography</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MI02066">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-hoekstra/547">Legislation sponsored</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/26910">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?26490">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Pursell" title="Carl Pursell">Carl Pursell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 2nd congressional district">Michigan's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />1993–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Huizenga" title="Bill Huizenga">Bill Huizenga</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Porter Goss</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">House Intelligence Committee</a> </b><br />2004–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">Silver Reyes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Harman" title="Jane Harman">Jane Harman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">House Intelligence Committee</a> </b><br />2007–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ruppersberger" title="Dutch Ruppersberger">Dutch Ruppersberger</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Bouchard" title="Mike Bouchard">Mike Bouchard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Michigan">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 1</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan" title="2012 United States Senate election in Michigan">2012</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_E._James" class="mw-redirect" title="John E. James">John James</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Malinda_Pego" class="mw-redirect" title="Malinda Pego">Malinda Pego</a><br />Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Republican_Party" title="Michigan Republican Party">Michigan Republican Party</a> </b><br />2024–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shawn_Crowley" class="mw-redirect" title="Shawn Crowley">Shawn Crowley</a><br />Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the Netherlands">United States Ambassador to the Netherlands</a> </b><br />2017–2021 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marja_Verloop" title="Marja Verloop">Marja Verloop</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99Affaires" class="mw-redirect" title="Chargé d’Affaires">Chargé d’Affaires</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Cramer" title="Bud Cramer">Bud Cramer</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" 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Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Short_(American_ambassador)" title="William Short (American ambassador)">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Q. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vans_Murray" title="William Vans Murray">Vans Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hill_Everett" title="Alexander Hill Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hughes_(diplomat)" title="Christopher Hughes (diplomat)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Preble" title="William Pitt Preble">Preble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Davezac" title="Auguste Davezac">Davezac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmanus_Bleecker" title="Harmanus Bleecker">Bleecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hughes_(diplomat)" title="Christopher Hughes (diplomat)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Davezac" title="Auguste Davezac">Davezac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Folsom" title="George Folsom">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Murphy" title="Henry C. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shepherd_Pike" title="James Shepherd Pike">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Rhodes_(diplomat)" title="Albert Rhodes (diplomat)">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Boyle_Ewing" title="Hugh Boyle Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Gorham" title="Charles T. Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Birney" title="James M. Birney">Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_Dayton_Jr." title="William Lewis Dayton Jr.">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bell_Jr." title="Isaac Bell Jr.">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Roosevelt" title="Robert Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Thayer" title="Samuel R. Thayer">Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Quinby" title="William E. Quinby">Quinby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Newel" title="Stanford Newel">Newel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jayne_Hill" title="David Jayne Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Beaupre" title="Arthur M. Beaupre">Beaupre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bryce" title="Lloyd Bryce">Bryce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_van_Dyke_Jr." title="Henry van Dyke Jr.">Van Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Garrett_(diplomat)" title="John W. Garrett (diplomat)">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Phillips_(diplomat)" title="William Phillips (diplomat)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Tobin" title="Richard M. Tobin">Tobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_J._Diekema" title="Gerrit J. Diekema">Diekema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurits_S._Swenson" title="Laurits S. Swenson">Swenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenville_T._Emmet" title="Grenville T. Emmet">Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Gordon" title="George A. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle_Jr." title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr.">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Hornbeck" title="Stanley Hornbeck">Hornbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_B._Baruch" title="Herman B. Baruch">Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selden_Chapin" title="Selden Chapin">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Freeman_Matthews" title="H. Freeman Matthews">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Young_(ambassador)" title="Philip Young (ambassador)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Rice" title="John S. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Tyler" title="William R. Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Middendorf" title="J. William Middendorf">Middendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdon_Gould_Jr." title="Kingdon Gould Jr.">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._McCloskey" title="Robert J. McCloskey">McCloskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geri_M._Joseph" title="Geri M. Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Dyess" title="William J. Dyess">Dyess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bremer" title="Paul Bremer">Bremer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S.R._Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="John S.R. Shad">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Howard_Wilkins_Jr." title="C. Howard Wilkins Jr.">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Terry_Dornbush" title="K. Terry Dornbush">Dornbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_P._Schneider" title="Cynthia P. Schneider">Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_M._Sobel" title="Clifford M. Sobel">Sobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Arnall" class="mw-redirect" title="Roland Arnall">Arnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Culbertson" class="mw-redirect" title="James Culbertson">Culbertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Hartog-Levin" title="Fay Hartog-Levin">Hartog-Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Broas" title="Tim Broas">Broas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoekstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefali_Razdan_Duggal" title="Shefali Razdan Duggal">Duggal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the US Department of State"><img alt="Seal of the US Department of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/70px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/105px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/140px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Intel_chairs" title="Template:US House Intel chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Intel_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Intel chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Intel_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Intel chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Nedzi" title="Lucien Nedzi">Nedzi</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_G._Pike" title="Otis G. Pike">Pike</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_H._Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee H. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Stokes" title="Louis Stokes">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Beilenson" title="Anthony Beilenson">Beilenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_McCurdy" title="Dave McCurdy">McCurdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Glickman" title="Dan Glickman">Glickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Combest" title="Larry Combest">Combest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Goss</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoekstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Michigan_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devin_Nunes" title="Devin Nunes">Nunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">Schiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Turner" title="Mike Turner">Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>i</sup> - Select Committee chairs</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Michigan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="Template:United States representatives from Michigan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Michigan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Michigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Michigan" title="United States congressional delegations from Michigan">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Michigan Territory's at-large congressional district">Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Woodbridge" title="William Woodbridge">Woodbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sibley" title="Solomon Sibley">Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Richard" title="Gabriel Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Eli_Wing" title="Austin Eli Wing">Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Biddle_(Michigan_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Biddle (Michigan politician)">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Eli_Wing" title="Austin Eli Wing">Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Lyon" title="Lucius Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_Jones" title="George Wallace Jones">G. Jones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Michigan's at-large congressional district">At-large</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_E._Crary" title="Isaac E. Crary">Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_M._Howard" title="Jacob M. Howard">J. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_H._Kelley" title="Patrick H. Kelley">Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Staebler" title="Neil Staebler">Staebler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/150px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/200px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan01 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClelland_(American_politician)" title="Robert McClelland (American politician)">McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_W._Buel" title="Alexander W. Buel">Buel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_J._Penniman" title="Ebenezer J. Penniman">Penniman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stuart_(brigadier_general)" title="David Stuart (brigadier general)">D. Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alanson_Howard" title="William Alanson Howard">W. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Cooper_(politician)" title="George B. Cooper (politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alanson_Howard" title="William Alanson Howard">W. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_F._Granger" title="Bradley F. Granger">Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_C._Beaman" title="Fernando C. Beaman">Beaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Waldron" title="Henry Waldron">Waldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_W._Field" title="Moses W. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_S._Williams" title="Alpheus S. Williams">A. S. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stoughton_Newberry" title="John Stoughton Newberry">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Lord" title="Henry W. Lord">Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Maybury" title="William C. Maybury">Maybury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logan_Chipman" class="mw-redirect" title="John Logan Chipman">J. L. Chipman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_T._Griffin" title="Levi T. Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blaisdell_Corliss" title="John Blaisdell Corliss">Corliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lucking" title="Alfred Lucking">Lucking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Denby_(politician)" title="Edwin Denby (politician)">Denby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ellsworth_Doremus" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Ellsworth Doremus">Doremus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Codd" title="George P. Codd">Codd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Clancy" title="Robert H. Clancy">Clancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Sosnowski" title="John B. Sosnowski">Sosnowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Clancy" title="Robert H. Clancy">Clancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Sadowski" title="George G. Sadowski">Sadowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_G._Tenerowicz" title="Rudolph G. Tenerowicz">Tenerowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Sadowski" title="George G. Sadowski">Sadowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_M._Machrowicz" title="Thaddeus M. Machrowicz">Machrowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Nedzi" title="Lucien Nedzi">Nedzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">Stupak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Benishek" title="Dan Benishek">Benishek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Bergman" title="Jack Bergman">Bergman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan02 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Lyon" title="Lucius Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_Chipman" title="John Smith Chipman">J. S. Chipman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bradley_(politician)" title="Edward Bradley (politician)">E. Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Stuart" title="Charles E. Stuart">C. Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sprague_(Michigan_politician)" title="William Sprague (Michigan politician)">Sprague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Stuart" title="Charles E. Stuart">C. Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Noble" title="David A. Noble">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Waldron" title="Henry Waldron">Waldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_C._Beaman" title="Fernando C. Beaman">Beaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Upson" title="Charles Upson">Upson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Stoughton" title="William L. Stoughton">Stoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Waldron" title="Henry Waldron">Waldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Willits" title="Edwin Willits">Willits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Eldredge" title="Nathaniel B. Eldredge">Eldredge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Allen" title="Edward P. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Gorman" title="James S. Gorman">Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Spalding" title="George Spalding">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Smith_(politician)" title="Henry C. Smith (politician)">H. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Townsend" title="Charles E. Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wedemeyer" title="William Wedemeyer">Wedemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beakes" title="Samuel Beakes">Beakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_R._Bacon" title="Mark R. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beakes" title="Samuel Beakes">Beakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_C._Michener" title="Earl C. Michener">Michener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Lehr" title="John C. Lehr">Lehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_C._Michener" title="Earl C. Michener">Michener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Meader" title="George Meader">Meader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston_E._Vivian" title="Weston E. Vivian">Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Esch" title="Marvin L. Esch">Esch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Pursell" title="Carl Pursell">Pursell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoekstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Huizenga" title="Bill Huizenga">Huizenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moolenaar" title="John Moolenaar">Moolenaar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan03 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Hunt" title="James B. Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsley_S._Bingham" title="Kinsley S. Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Conger" title="James L. Conger">J. Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clark_(New_York_and_Michigan_politician)" title="Samuel Clark (New York and Michigan politician)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Walbridge" title="David S. Walbridge">Walbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Kellogg" title="Francis William Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Longyear" title="John W. Longyear">Longyear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Blair" title="Austin Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Willard" title="George Willard">Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_H._McGowan" title="Jonas H. McGowan">McGowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Lacey" title="Edward S. Lacey">Lacey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Donnell_(politician)" title="James O'Donnell (politician)">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_C._Burrows" title="Julius C. Burrows">Burrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milnes" title="Alfred Milnes">Milnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_M._Todd" title="Albert M. Todd">A. Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Gardner" title="Washington Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._C._Smith" title="John M. C. Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Frankhauser" title="William H. Frankhauser">Frankhauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._C._Smith" title="John M. C. Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Williams" title="Arthur B. Williams">A. B. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Hooper" title="Joseph L. Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Kimball" title="Henry M. Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verner_Main" title="Verner Main">Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Shafer" title="Paul W. Shafer">Shafer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_E._Johansen" title="August E. Johansen">Johansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Todd_Jr." title="Paul H. Todd Jr.">P. Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garry_E._Brown" title="Garry E. Brown">G. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Wolpe" title="Howard Wolpe">Wolpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_B._Henry" title="Paul B. Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">Ehlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Amash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Meijer" title="Peter Meijer">Meijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Scholten" title="Hillary Scholten">Scholten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan04 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hestor_L._Stevens" title="Hestor L. Stevens">H. L. Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Peck" title="George Washington Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewitt_C._Leach" title="Dewitt C. Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_E._Trowbridge" title="Rowland E. Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Kellogg" title="Francis William Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_D._Foster" title="Wilder D. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_C._Burrows" title="Julius C. Burrows">Burrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Potter" title="Allen Potter">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_W._Keightley" title="Edwin W. Keightley">Keightley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_C._Burrows" title="Julius C. Burrows">Burrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Yaple" title="George L. Yaple">Yaple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_C._Burrows" title="Julius C. Burrows">Burrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Thomas" title="Henry F. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Hamilton" title="Edward L. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Ketcham" title="John C. Ketcham">Ketcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ernest_Foulkes" title="George Ernest Foulkes">Foulkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Hoffman" title="Clare Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edward_Hutchinson" title="J. Edward Hutchinson">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stockman" title="David Stockman">Stockman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_D._Siljander" title="Mark D. Siljander">Siljander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moolenaar" title="John Moolenaar">Moolenaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Huizenga" title="Bill Huizenga">Huizenga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan05 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_C._Baldwin" title="Augustus C. Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_E._Trowbridge" title="Rowland E. Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_D._Conger" title="Omar D. Conger">O. Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_D._Foster" title="Wilder D. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Williams_(Michigan_politician)" title="William B. Williams (Michigan politician)">W. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stone" title="John W. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Webber_(politician)" title="George W. Webber (politician)">Webber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Houseman" title="Julius Houseman">Houseman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Comstock" title="Charles C. Comstock">Comstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_H._Ford" title="Melbourne H. Ford">M. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Belknap" title="Charles E. Belknap">Belknap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_H._Ford" title="Melbourne H. Ford">M. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Belknap" title="Charles E. Belknap">Belknap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Richardson" title="George F. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alden_Smith" title="William Alden Smith">W. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_J._Diekema" title="Gerrit J. Diekema">Diekema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_F._Sweet" title="Edwin F. Sweet">Sweet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Mapes" title="Carl E. Mapes">Mapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartel_J._Jonkman" title="Bartel J. Jonkman">Jonkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">G. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vander_Veen" title="Richard Vander Veen">Vander Veen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Sawyer" title="Harold S. Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_B._Henry" title="Paul B. Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Barcia" title="James Barcia">Barcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. E. Kildee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kildee" title="Dan Kildee">D. T. Kildee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walberg" title="Tim Walberg">Walberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan06 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Driggs" title="John F. Driggs">Driggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Strickland" title="Randolph Strickland">Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_G._Sutherland" title="Jabez G. Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Begole" title="Josiah Begole">Begole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Durand" title="George H. Durand">Durand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Brewer" title="Mark S. Brewer">Brewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_L._Spaulding" title="Oliver L. Spaulding">Spaulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_B._Winans_(politician)" title="Edwin B. Winans (politician)">Winans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Brewer" title="Mark S. Brewer">Brewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_G._Stout" title="Byron G. Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Aitken" title="David D. Aitken">Aitken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_William_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel William Smith">S. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_H._Kelley" title="Patrick H. Kelley">Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_M._Hudson" title="Grant M. Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_H._Person" title="Seymour H. Person">Person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_E._Cady" title="Claude E. Cady">Cady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Blackney" title="William W. Blackney">Blackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Transue" title="Andrew J. Transue">Transue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Blackney" title="William W. Blackney">Blackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Clardy" title="Kit Clardy">Clardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Hayworth" title="Donald Hayworth">Hayworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Chamberlain" title="Charles E. Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr_(Michigan_politician)" title="Bob Carr (Michigan politician)">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Whitney_Dunn" title="James Whitney Dunn">Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr_(Michigan_politician)" title="Bob Carr (Michigan politician)">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Dingell" title="Debbie Dingell">Dingell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan07 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_D._Conger" title="Omar D. Conger">O. Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Treadway_Rich" title="John Treadway Rich">Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_C._Carleton" title="Ezra C. Carleton">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Rice_Whiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Justin Rice Whiting">Whiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_G._Snover" title="Horace G. Snover">Snover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Weeks" title="Edgar Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McMorran" title="Henry McMorran">McMorran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_C._Cramton" title="Louis C. Cramton">Cramton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_P._Wolcott" title="Jesse P. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._McIntosh" title="Robert J. McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._O%27Hara" title="James G. O'Hara">O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mackie" title="John C. Mackie">Mackie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Riegle" title="Donald Riegle">Riegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. E. Kildee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Nick Smith (American politician)">N. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schwarz" title="Joe Schwarz">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walberg" title="Tim Walberg">Walberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Schauer" title="Mark Schauer">Schauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walberg" title="Tim Walberg">Walberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elissa_Slotkin" title="Elissa Slotkin">Slotkin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan08 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_B._Bradley" title="Nathan B. Bradley">N. Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Ellsworth" title="Charles C. Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell_G._Horr" title="Roswell G. Horr">Horr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_E._Tarsney" title="Timothy E. Tarsney">Tarsney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_T._Bliss" title="Aaron T. Bliss">Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Youmans" title="Henry M. Youmans">Youmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Linton" title="William S. Linton">Linton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Brucker" title="Ferdinand Brucker">Brucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Fordney" title="Joseph W. Fordney">Fordney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_J._Vincent" title="Bird J. Vincent">Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Hart" title="Michael J. Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Crawford" title="Fred L. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Morell_Bentley" title="Alvin Morell Bentley">Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._James_Harvey" title="R. James Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bob_Traxler" title="J. Bob Traxler">Traxler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr_(Michigan_politician)" title="Bob Carr (Michigan politician)">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Chrysler" title="Dick Chrysler">Chrysler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Stabenow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Michigan_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Bishop_(politician)" title="Mike Bishop (politician)">M. Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elissa_Slotkin" title="Elissa Slotkin">Slotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kildee" title="Dan Kildee">Kildee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan09 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Abel_Hubbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Abel Hubbell">Hubbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_M._Cutcheon" title="Byron M. Cutcheon">Cutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_H._Wheeler" title="Harrison H. Wheeler">H. Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Moon" title="John W. Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell_P._Bishop" title="Roswell P. Bishop">R. Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._McLaughlin" title="James C. McLaughlin">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_W._Musselwhite" title="Harry W. Musselwhite">Harry W. Musselwhite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Engel" title="Albert J. Engel">Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Thompson" title="Ruth Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Griffin" title="Robert P. Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Vander_Jagt" title="Guy Vander Jagt">Vander Jagt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. E. Kildee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">Knollenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Levin" title="Andy Levin">A. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_McClain" title="Lisa McClain">McClain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan10 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_H._Hatch" title="Herschel H. Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_O._Fisher" title="Spencer O. Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Wheeler" title="Frank W. Wheeler">F. Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._E._Weadock" title="Thomas A. E. Weadock">Weadock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rousseau_Owen_Crump" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau Owen Crump">Crump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Aplin" title="Henry H. Aplin">Aplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Loud" title="George A. Loud">Loud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_O._Woodruff" title="Roy O. Woodruff">Woodruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Loud" title="George A. Loud">Loud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_A._Currie" title="Gilbert A. Currie">Currie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_O._Woodruff" title="Roy O. Woodruff">Woodruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elford_Albin_Cederberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Elford Albin Cederberg">Cederberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Albosta" title="Donald J. Albosta">Albosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Schuette" title="Bill Schuette">Schuette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">Bonior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candice_Miller" title="Candice Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mitchell_(politician)" title="Paul Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_McClain" title="Lisa McClain">McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_(Michigan_politician)" title="John James (Michigan politician)">J. James</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan11 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Breitung" title="Edward Breitung">Breitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_C._Moffatt" title="Seth C. Moffatt">Moffatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Seymour" title="Henry W. Seymour">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Stephenson" title="Samuel M. Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Avery_(politician)" title="John Avery (politician)">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Mesick" title="William S. Mesick">Mesick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_B._Darragh" title="Archibald B. Darragh">Darragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_H._Dodds" title="Francis H. Dodds">Dodds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_O._Lindquist" title="Francis O. Lindquist">Lindquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Scott" title="Frank D. Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_P._Bohn" title="Frank P. Bohn">Bohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_M._Brown" title="Prentiss M. Brown">P. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Luecke" title="John F. Luecke">Luecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Van_Ness_Bradley" title="Frederick Van Ness Bradley">F. Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Potter" title="Charles E. Potter">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_A._Knox" title="Victor A. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_F._Clevenger" title="Raymond F. Clevenger">Clevenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Ruppe" title="Philip Ruppe">Ruppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Davis_(Michigan_politician)" title="Bob Davis (Michigan politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">Knollenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter" title="Thaddeus McCotter">McCotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Curson" title="David Curson">Curson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Bentivolio" title="Kerry Bentivolio">Bentivolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Trott_(politician)" title="Dave Trott (politician)">Trott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haley_Stevens" title="Haley Stevens">H. Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan12 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Stephenson" title="Samuel M. Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_D._Shelden" title="Carlos D. Shelden">Shelden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Olin_Young" title="H. Olin Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Josiah_MacDonald" title="William Josiah MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Frank_James" title="W. Frank James">W. F. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Eugene_Hook" title="Frank Eugene Hook">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Bennett" title="John B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Eugene_Hook" title="Frank Eugene Hook">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Bennett" title="John B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._O%27Hara" title="James G. O'Hara">O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">Bonior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Dingell" title="Debbie Dingell">D. Dingell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan13 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Archibald_Nichols" title="Charles Archibald Nichols">Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_J._McLeod" title="Clarence J. McLeod">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_M._Brennan" title="Vincent M. Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_J._McLeod" title="Clarence J. McLeod">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._O%27Brien" title="George D. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_J._McLeod" title="Clarence J. McLeod">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._O%27Brien" title="George D. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_A._Coffin" title="Howard A. Coffin">Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._O%27Brien" title="George D. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Diggs" title="Charles Diggs">Diggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Crockett_Jr." title="George Crockett Jr.">Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara-Rose_Collins" title="Barbara-Rose Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Ford" title="William D. Ford">W. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Rivers" title="Lynn Rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">Kilpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansen_Clarke" title="Hansen Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Jones_(politician)" title="Brenda Jones (politician)">B. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Thanedar" title="Shri Thanedar">Thanedar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan14 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 14th congressional district">14th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_M._Weideman" title="Carl M. Weideman">Weideman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_C._Rabaut" title="Louis C. Rabaut">Rabaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_F._Youngblood" title="Harold F. Youngblood">Youngblood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_C._Rabaut" title="Louis C. Rabaut">Rabaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_M._Ryan" title="Harold M. Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Nedzi" title="Lucien Nedzi">Nedzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hertel" title="Dennis Hertel">Hertel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lawrence" title="Brenda Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan15 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 15th congressional district">15th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell_Sr." title="John Dingell Sr.">J. Dingell Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Ford" title="William D. Ford">W. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara-Rose_Collins" title="Barbara-Rose Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">Kilpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan16 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 16th congressional district">16th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Lesinski_Sr." title="John Lesinski Sr.">Lesinski Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lesinski_Jr." title="John Lesinski Jr.">Lesinski Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan17 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 17th congressional district">17th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Anthony_Dondero" title="George Anthony Dondero">Dondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Oakman" title="Charles G. Oakman">Oakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Brodhead" title="William M. Brodhead">Brodhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">Levin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan18 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Anthony_Dondero" title="George Anthony Dondero">Dondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Broomfield" title="William Broomfield">Broomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Huber" title="Robert J. Huber">Huber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Blanchard" title="James J. Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Broomfield" title="William Broomfield">Broomfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Michigan19 !"><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Michigan's 19th congressional district">19th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billie_S._Farnum" title="Billie S. Farnum">Farnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_H._McDonald" title="Jack H. McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Broomfield" title="William Broomfield">Broomfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michigan&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_103rd–111th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michigan&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_103rd–111th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>'s delegation(s) to the 103rd–111th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_Riegle" title="Donald Riegle">D. Riegle</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_D._Ford" title="William D. Ford">W. Ford</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">D. Bonior</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Milton_Robert_Carr" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Robert Carr">B. Carr</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_B._Henry" title="Paul B. Henry"><i>P. Henry</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barbara-Rose_Collins" title="Barbara-Rose Collins">B. Collins</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Barcia" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Barcia">J. Barcia</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">J. Knollenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Nick Smith (American politician)">N. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers"><i>V. Ehlers</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Abraham" title="Spencer Abraham">S. Abraham</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">D. Bonior</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barbara-Rose_Collins" title="Barbara-Rose Collins">B. Collins</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Barcia" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Barcia">J. Barcia</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">J. Knollenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Nick Smith (American politician)">N. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">V. Ehlers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dick_Chrysler" title="Dick Chrysler">D. Chrysler</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lynn_N._Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynn N. Rivers">L. Rivers</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Abraham" title="Spencer Abraham">S. Abraham</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">D. Bonior</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Barcia" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Barcia">J. Barcia</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">J. Knollenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Nick Smith (American politician)">N. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">V. Ehlers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lynn_N._Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynn N. Rivers">L. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">C. Kilpatrick</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">D. Stabenow</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/106th_United_States_Congress" title="106th United States Congress">106th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Abraham" title="Spencer Abraham">S. Abraham</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">D. Bonior</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Barcia" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Barcia">J. Barcia</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">J. Knollenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Nick Smith (American politician)">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">V. Ehlers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lynn_N._Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynn N. Rivers">L. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">C. Kilpatrick</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">D. Stabenow</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">D. Stabenow</a> (D)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">D. Bonior</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Barcia" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Barcia">J. Barcia</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">J. Knollenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Nick Smith (American politician)">N. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">V. Ehlers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lynn_N._Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynn N. Rivers">L. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">C. Kilpatrick</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Michigan_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)">M. Rogers</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">D. Stabenow</a> (D)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">J. Knollenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Nick Smith (American politician)">N. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">V. Ehlers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">C. Kilpatrick</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Michigan_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)">M. Rogers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter" title="Thaddeus McCotter">T. McCotter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Candice_Miller" title="Candice Miller">C. Miller</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/109th_United_States_Congress" title="109th United States Congress">109th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">D. Stabenow</a> (D)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">J. Knollenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">V. Ehlers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">C. Kilpatrick</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Michigan_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)">M. Rogers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter" title="Thaddeus McCotter">T. McCotter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Candice_Miller" title="Candice Miller">C. Miller</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schwarz" title="Joe Schwarz">J. Schwarz</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">D. Stabenow</a> (D)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Knollenberg" title="Joe Knollenberg">J. Knollenberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">V. Ehlers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">C. Kilpatrick</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Michigan_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)">M. Rogers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter" title="Thaddeus McCotter">T. McCotter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Candice_Miller" title="Candice Miller">C. Miller</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walberg" title="Tim Walberg">T. Walberg</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/111th_United_States_Congress" title="111th United States Congress">111th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">C. Levin</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">D. Stabenow</a> (D)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">J. Dingell Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">J. Conyers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dale_Kildee" title="Dale Kildee">D. Kildee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">S. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">F. Upton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">D. Camp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Hoekstra</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Stupak" title="Bart Stupak">B. Stupak</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vern_Ehlers" title="Vern Ehlers">V. Ehlers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Cheeks_Kilpatrick" title="Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick">C. Kilpatrick</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Michigan_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)">M. Rogers</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter" title="Thaddeus McCotter">T. McCotter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Candice_Miller" title="Candice Miller">C. Miller</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">G. Peters</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mark_Schauer" title="Mark Schauer">M. Schauer</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535254#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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