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<li id="toc-Early_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_and_domestic_time_capsules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_and_domestic_time_capsules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal and domestic time capsules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_and_domestic_time_capsules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Time capsule</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كبسولة زمنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كبسولة زمنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_kapsulu" title="Zaman kapsulu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zaman kapsulu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Капсула на времето – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Капсула на времето" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0psula_del_temps" title="Càpsula del temps – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càpsula del temps" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Casov%C3%A1_schr%C3%A1nka" title="Časová schránka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Časová schránka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidskapsel" title="Tidskapsel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tidskapsel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitkapsel" title="Zeitkapsel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zeitkapsel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajakapsel" title="Ajakapsel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ajakapsel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1psula_del_tiempo" title="Cápsula del tiempo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cápsula del tiempo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempa_kapsulo" title="Tempa kapsulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tempa kapsulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denbora-kapsula" title="Denbora-kapsula – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Denbora-kapsula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کپسول زمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کپسول زمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_temporelle" title="Capsule temporelle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Capsule temporelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9E%84%EC%BA%A1%EC%8A%90" title="타임캡슐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타임캡슐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vremenska_kapsula" title="Vremenska kapsula – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vremenska kapsula" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapsul_waktu" title="Kapsul waktu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapsul waktu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsula_del_tempo" title="Capsula del tempo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capsula del tempo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="קפסולת זמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפסולת זמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C5%91kapszula" title="Időkapszula – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Időkapszula" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="कालकुपी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कालकुपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapsul_masa" title="Kapsul masa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapsul masa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijdcapsule" title="Tijdcapsule – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tijdcapsule" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AB%E3%83%97%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB" title="タイムカプセル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タイムカプセル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidskapsel" title="Tidskapsel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tidskapsel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapsu%C5%82a_czasu" title="Kapsuła czasu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kapsuła czasu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1psula_do_tempo" title="Cápsula do tempo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cápsula do tempo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsul%C4%83_a_timpului" title="Capsulă a timpului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Capsulă a timpului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Капсула времени – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Капсула времени" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikakapseli" title="Aikakapseli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aikakapseli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidskapsel" title="Tidskapsel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tidskapsel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="แคปซูลกาลเวลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคปซูลกาลเวลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_kaps%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Zaman kapsülü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zaman kapsülü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Часова капсула – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Часова капсула" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%9B%8A" title="时间囊 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="时间囊" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%9B%8A" title="時間囊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="時間囊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q348#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Historic objects of goods or information</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Time_capsule_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Time capsule (disambiguation)">Time capsule (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ypsilanti_sesquicentennial_time_capsule.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ypsilanti_sesquicentennial_time_capsule.jpg/260px-Ypsilanti_sesquicentennial_time_capsule.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ypsilanti_sesquicentennial_time_capsule.jpg/390px-Ypsilanti_sesquicentennial_time_capsule.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ypsilanti_sesquicentennial_time_capsule.jpg/520px-Ypsilanti_sesquicentennial_time_capsule.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Time capsule plaque in <a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti, Michigan</a>, with instructions for the capsule to be recovered and opened upon the city's bicentennial, on July 4, 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unrolling_the_contents_(51362226354).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Unrolling_the_contents_%2851362226354%29.png/220px-Unrolling_the_contents_%2851362226354%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Unrolling_the_contents_%2851362226354%29.png/330px-Unrolling_the_contents_%2851362226354%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Unrolling_the_contents_%2851362226354%29.png/440px-Unrolling_the_contents_%2851362226354%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Typewritten documents recovered in 2021 from a capsule buried in the 1940s</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>time capsule</b> is a historic <a href="/wiki/Treasure_trove" title="Treasure trove">cache</a> of goods or information, usually intended as a deliberate method of communication with future people, and to help future <a href="/wiki/Archaeologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologists">archaeologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthropologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropologists">anthropologists</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Historians" class="mw-redirect" title="Historians">historians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preservation of <a href="/wiki/Holy_relic" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy relic">holy relics</a> dates back for millennia, but the practice of preparing and preserving a collection of everyday artifacts and messages to the future appears to be a more recent practice. Time capsules are sometimes created and buried during celebrations such as <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">world's fairs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone" title="Cornerstone">cornerstone</a> layings for building or at other ceremonies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_time_capsules" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of time capsules">Timeline of time capsules</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_examples">Early examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is widely debated when time capsules were first used, but the concept is fairly simple, and the idea and first use of time capsules could be much older than is currently documented.<sup id="cite_ref-rusticstone_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rusticstone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "time capsule" appears to be a relatively recent coinage dating from 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-MWDict_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWDict-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Poland a time capsule dating to 1726 has been found.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1761, some dated artifacts were placed inside the hollow copper <a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">grasshopper</a> <a href="/wiki/Weathervane" class="mw-redirect" title="Weathervane">weathervane</a>, itself dating from 1742, atop historic <a href="/wiki/Faneuil_Hall" title="Faneuil Hall">Faneuil Hall</a> in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-BostonTC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BostonTC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A time capsule dating to 1777 was discovered within a religious statue in <a href="/wiki/Sotillo_de_la_Ribera" title="Sotillo de la Ribera">Sotillo de la Ribera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A time capsule was discovered on November 30, 2017, in <a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgos, Spain">Burgos, Spain</a>. A wooden statue of Jesus had hidden inside it a document with economic, political and cultural information, written by Joaquín Mínguez, chaplain of the <a href="/wiki/Burgo_de_Osma_Cathedral" title="Burgo de Osma Cathedral">Cathedral of Burgo de Osma</a> in 1777.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams_and_Paul_Revere_Time_Capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Adams and Paul Revere Time Capsule">time capsule from the era of the American Revolution</a>, dating to 1795 and credited to <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Paul Revere</a>, was temporarily removed in 2014 from the cornerstone of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a> in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-MFAshow_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFAshow-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had been previously opened in 1855, and some new items had been added before it was reinstalled.<sup id="cite_ref-MFAshow_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFAshow-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was ceremonially reopened in January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Fine Arts Boston">Museum of Fine Arts Boston</a>, with specific restrictions on media coverage, to preserve the fragile artifacts.<sup id="cite_ref-MFAopening_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFAopening-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contents were displayed there briefly, and then reinstalled in their original location.<sup id="cite_ref-MFAshow_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFAshow-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the oldest known time capsule in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helium_monument_time_capsule_in_amarillo_texas_usa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Helium_monument_time_capsule_in_amarillo_texas_usa.jpg/170px-Helium_monument_time_capsule_in_amarillo_texas_usa.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Helium_monument_time_capsule_in_amarillo_texas_usa.jpg/255px-Helium_monument_time_capsule_in_amarillo_texas_usa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Helium_monument_time_capsule_in_amarillo_texas_usa.jpg/340px-Helium_monument_time_capsule_in_amarillo_texas_usa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Harrington_Discovery_Center" title="Don Harrington Discovery Center">Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument</a></i> located in <a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo, Texas</a>, holds four time capsules in stainless steel intended to be opened after durations of 25, 50, 100, and 1,000 years after they were locked in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-helium_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helium-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herrick_Tower_Time_Capsule_Adrian_College.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Herrick_Tower_Time_Capsule_Adrian_College.JPG/220px-Herrick_Tower_Time_Capsule_Adrian_College.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Herrick_Tower_Time_Capsule_Adrian_College.JPG/330px-Herrick_Tower_Time_Capsule_Adrian_College.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Herrick_Tower_Time_Capsule_Adrian_College.JPG/440px-Herrick_Tower_Time_Capsule_Adrian_College.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Herrick Tower time capsule, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_College" title="Adrian College">Adrian College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, 2009–2059</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1901, a time capsule was placed inside the head of the copper lion ornamenting the <a href="/wiki/Old_State_House_(Boston)" title="Old State House (Boston)">Old State House</a> in Boston. It was opened in 2014, during repairs to the sculpture and building, with plans to add new artifacts and reinstall it in its original location.<sup id="cite_ref-LionTC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LionTC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Century_Box" title="Detroit Century Box">Detroit Century Box</a>, a brainchild of <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/William_C._Maybury" title="William C. Maybury">William C. Maybury</a>, was created on December 31, 1900, and scheduled to be opened 100 years later. It was filled with photographs and letters from 56 prominent residents describing life in 1900 and making predictions for the future, and included a letter by Maybury to the mayor of Detroit in 2000. The capsule was opened by city officials on December 31, 2000, in a ceremony presided over by mayor <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Archer" title="Dennis Archer">Dennis Archer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A time capsule labelled "Kan aabnes i 2012" ("Can open in 2012" in Norwegian) was sealed in 1912 in <a href="/wiki/Otta,_Norway" title="Otta, Norway">Otta, Norway</a>. The capsule was opened as part of a ceremony 100 years later in 2012. Despite the large excitement over the capsule's opening and a preceding ceremony, its contents (which included notebooks, newspaper clippings, and community council papers) were met with disappointment.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Crypt_of_Civilization" title="Crypt of Civilization">Crypt of Civilization</a> (1936) at <a href="/wiki/Oglethorpe_University" title="Oglethorpe University">Oglethorpe University</a>, intended to be opened in <a href="/wiki/9th_millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="9th millennium">8113</a>, is claimed to be the first "modern" time capsule, although it was not called one at the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> period in the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, many time capsules were buried with messages to a future <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> society.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a> <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Time_Capsules#1939_Time_Capsule_I" title="Westinghouse Time Capsules">time capsule</a> was created by <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_(1886)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westinghouse Electric (1886)">Westinghouse</a> as part of their exhibit. It was 90 inches (2.3 metres) long, with an interior diameter of 6.5 inches (17 cm), and weighed 800 pounds (360 kg). Westinghouse named the copper, chromium, and silver alloy "<a href="/wiki/Cupaloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupaloy">cupaloy</a>", claiming it had the same strength as mild steel. It contained everyday items such as a spool of thread and doll, a book of record<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (description of the capsule and its creators), a vial of <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> crop seeds, a microscope, and a 15-minute <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_News" title="Pathé News">RKO Pathé Pictures newsreel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microfilm" class="mw-redirect" title="Microfilm">Microfilm</a> spools condensed the contents of a <a href="/wiki/Sears_Roebuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears Roebuck">Sears Roebuck</a> catalog, dictionary, almanac, and other texts. </p><p>The 1939 time capsule was followed in 1965 by a <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Time_Capsules#1965_Time_Capsule_II" title="Westinghouse Time Capsules">second capsule</a> at the same site, but 10 feet (3.0 m) to the north of the original. Both capsules are buried 50 feet (15 m) below <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Flushing Meadows Park">Flushing Meadows Park</a>, site of the Fair. Both the 1939 and 1965 <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Time_Capsules" title="Westinghouse Time Capsules">Westinghouse Time Capsules</a> are meant to be opened in <a href="/wiki/7th_millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="7th millennium">6939</a>. </p><p>There is documentation of at least three physical time capsules at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT) in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, as well as a "virtual" or digital time capsule.<sup id="cite_ref-BostonTC_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BostonTC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, four time capsules are "buried" in space. The two <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Plaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer Plaque">Pioneer Plaques</a> and the two <a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Records</a> have been attached to spacecraft for the possible benefit of spacefarers in the distant future. A fifth time capsule, the <a href="/wiki/KEO" title="KEO">KEO</a> satellite, was scheduled to be launched in 2015–16.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it has been delayed several times and an actual launch date has not been given. After launch, it will carry individual messages from Earth's inhabitants addressed to earthlings around the year 52,000, when it is due to return to Earth. As of July 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the satellite had not been launched. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Time_Capsule_Society" title="International Time Capsule Society">International Time Capsule Society</a> was created in 1990 to maintain a global database of all known time capsules. The <a href="/wiki/NotForgotten_Digital_Preservation_Library" title="NotForgotten Digital Preservation Library">Not Forgotten Digital Preservation Library</a> maintains a current map and register of domestic and commercial time capsules. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Earth's Black Box"—a city bus-sized structure with steel walls, battery storage and solar panels located at remote site in Tasmania—will accumulate and electronically store comprehensive climate research and related data, including land and sea temperature changes, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">ocean acidification</a>, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, human population, energy consumption, military spending, and policy changes.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_20211207_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_20211207-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The box was conceived to tell future civilizations how humankind created the <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate crisis</a>, and how it failed or succeeded to address it.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_20211207_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_20211207-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 22, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Arch_Mission_Foundation" title="Arch Mission Foundation">Arch Mission Foundation</a> landed the Lunar Library on the Moon, containing the English Wikipedia and other content, with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=GLL_Lunaprise_mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GLL Lunaprise mission (page does not exist)">GLL Lunaprise mission</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a> IM-1 mission.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1965_Westinghouse_time_capsule_contents.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1965_Westinghouse_time_capsule_contents.jpg/220px-1965_Westinghouse_time_capsule_contents.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1965_Westinghouse_time_capsule_contents.jpg/330px-1965_Westinghouse_time_capsule_contents.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1965_Westinghouse_time_capsule_contents.jpg/440px-1965_Westinghouse_time_capsule_contents.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Miscellaneous objects prepared for the <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Time_Capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Westinghouse Time Capsule">Westinghouse Time Capsule</a>, created for the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair, intended to be opened in 5000 years</figcaption></figure> <p>According to time capsule historian William Jarvis, most intentional time capsules usually do not provide much useful historical information: they are typically filled with "useless junk", new and pristine in condition, that tells little about the people of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-jarvis_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jarvis-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many time capsules today contain only <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a> of limited value to future historians. Historians suggest that items which describe the daily lives of the people who created them, such as personal notes, pictures, videos and documents, would greatly increase the value of the time capsule to future historians. </p><p>If time capsules have a <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a>-like goal of preserving the culture of a particular time and place for study, they fulfill this goal very poorly in that they, by definition, are kept sealed for a particular length of time. Subsequent generations between the launch date and the target date will have no direct access to the artifacts and therefore these generations are prevented from learning from the contents directly. Therefore, time capsules can be seen, in respect to their usefulness to historians, as dormant museums, their releases timed for some date so far in the future that the building in question is no longer intact.<sup id="cite_ref-jarvis_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jarvis-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historians also concede that there are many <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">preservation</a> issues surrounding the selection of the <a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" title="Media (communication)">media</a> to transmit this information to the future.<sup id="cite_ref-jarvis_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jarvis-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these issues include the obsolescence of technology and the deterioration of electronic and magnetic storage media (known as the <a href="/wiki/Digital_dark_age" title="Digital dark age">digital dark age</a>), and possible language problems if the capsule is dug up in the distant future. Many buried time capsules are lost, as interest in them fades and the exact location is forgotten, or they are destroyed within a few years by <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1947 docudrama <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End" title="The Beginning or the End">The Beginning or the End</a></i> is a semi-historical account of the creation of the first atomic bomb during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The film begins with staged newsreel footage of the scientists and officers involved in the project (played by actors) burying a time capsule in <a href="/wiki/Redwood_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Redwood National Forest">Redwood National Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. The capsule contained a copy of the film, along with a projector to view it on, and instructions for its operation set on a metal sheet. The purpose of the capsule was in line with the film's title, about whether humanity will destroy itself now that it has the ability to, or whether it will rise above war as a whole and come together to use nuclear power for greater purposes. The film can be seen as an example of <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Inc1947_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inc1947-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2009 dramatic film <i><a href="/wiki/Knowing_(film)" title="Knowing (film)">Knowing</a></i> involves a time capsule being placed in the ground by an elementary school in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artists such as <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Boltanski" title="Christian Boltanski">Christian Boltanski</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a> are known for compiling collections of everyday artifacts that they associate with memories of the past, which are preserved in museums and archives.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1955 Warner Bros. cartoon <i><a href="/wiki/One_Froggy_Evening" title="One Froggy Evening">One Froggy Evening</a></i> involves a singing and dancing frog extricated from (and eventually replaced within) a time capsule. <a href="/wiki/Filmmaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmmaker">Filmmaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> Chuck Jones biographical documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones:_Extremes_%26_Inbetweens_%E2%80%93_A_Life_in_Animation" title="Chuck Jones: Extremes & Inbetweens – A Life in Animation">Extremes & Inbetweens: A Life in Animation</a></i>, called <i>One Froggy Evening</i> "the <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> of animated shorts". In 1994, it was voted No.  5 of the <a href="/wiki/50_Greatest_Cartoons" class="mw-redirect" title="50 Greatest Cartoons">50 Greatest Cartoons</a> of all time by members of the animation profession.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_and_domestic_time_capsules">Personal and domestic time capsules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal and domestic time capsules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commercially manufactured sealable containers are sold for protection of personal time capsules; some of the more durable waterproof containers used for <a href="/wiki/Geocaching" title="Geocaching">geocaching</a> may also be suitable. Many underground time capsules are destroyed by groundwater infiltration after short periods of time;<sup id="cite_ref-Takei_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takei-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> caches stored within the wall cavities of buildings can survive as long as the building is used and maintained. </p><p>In 2016, the art collective <a href="/wiki/Ant_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ant Farm">Ant Farm</a> displayed a show, <i>The Present Is the Form of All Life: The Time Capsules of Ant Farm and LST</i>, at the art center Pioneer Works, in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a>. The artists had previous experiences with failed time capsules, and were now exploring "digital time capsules" as a more durable form of preservation.<sup id="cite_ref-Budds_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budds-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have said, "We’ve come to understand that the best way to preserve digital media is to distribute it."<sup id="cite_ref-Budds_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budds-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blockchain and cognitive learning is now used in time capsule technology.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers have started to study methods of preserving digital data in forms that will still be usable in the distant future.<sup id="cite_ref-Petrelli_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petrelli-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_time_capsules" title="List of time capsules">List of time capsules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracewell_probe" title="Bracewell probe">Bracewell probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builders%27_rites" title="Builders' rites">Builders' rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_of_the_Long_Now" title="Clock of the Long Now">Clock of the Long Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_in_a_bottle" title="Message in a bottle">Message in a bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_map" title="Mind map">Mind map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Project" title="Rosetta Project">Rosetta Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_archiving" title="Web archiving">Web archiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Millennium_Council" title="White House Millennium Council">White House Millennium Council</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Guzman, A.M. Hein, C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Rustic+Stone%22+article+Monday%2C+October+1st%2C+2012%3A+All+about+Time+Capsules+and+Plaque+Markers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusticstone.net%2Fall-about-time-capsules-and-plaque-markers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+capsule" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MWDict-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MWDict_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/time%20capsule">"time capsule"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Turner Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1878685490" title="Special:BookSources/978-1878685490"><bdi>978-1878685490</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+50+Greatest+Cartoons%3A+As+Selected+by+1%2C000+Animation+Professionals&rft.pub=Turner+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1878685490&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+capsule" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Takei-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Takei_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgetakei.com/shenandoa-university-1993-time-capsule-2616195374.html">"A University Just Opened A 25-Year-Old Time Capsule—And The Contents Are Peak 1993"</a>. <i>George Takei</i>. 29 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+Takei&rft.atitle=A+University+Just+Opened+A+25-Year-Old+Time+Capsule%E2%80%94And+The+Contents+Are+Peak+1993&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgetakei.com%2Fshenandoa-university-1993-time-capsule-2616195374.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+capsule" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Budds-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Budds_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budds_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudds2016" class="citation web cs1">Budds, Diana (13 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/3063631/building-a-time-capsule-for-the-digital-age">"Building A Time Capsule For The Digital Age"</a>. <i>Fast Company</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=Building+A+Time+Capsule+For+The+Digital+Age&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft.aulast=Budds&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F3063631%2Fbuilding-a-time-capsule-for-the-digital-age&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+capsule" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itcsoc.org/technology">"Technology | The International Time Capsule Society"</a>. <i>International Time C</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Time+C&rft.atitle=Technology+%7C+The+International+Time+Capsule+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itcsoc.org%2Ftechnology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+capsule" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petrelli-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petrelli_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrelli" class="citation web cs1">Petrelli, Daniela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/may-june-2013/there-is-more-in-personal-heritage-than-data">"There is more in personal heritage than data"</a>. <i>ACM Interactions</i>. Association for Computing Machinery<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACM+Interactions&rft.atitle=There+is+more+in+personal+heritage+than+data&rft.aulast=Petrelli&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finteractions.acm.org%2Farchive%2Fview%2Fmay-june-2013%2Fthere-is-more-in-personal-heritage-than-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+capsule" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>William Jarvis (2002). <i>Time Capsules: A Cultural History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_N.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson, N.C.">Jefferson, N.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="McFarland & Co.">McFarland & Co.</a>, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1261-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1261-5">0-7864-1261-5</a></li> <li>Janet Reinhold (1993, 2000). <i>A Sampling of Time Capsule Contents</i>. <a href="/wiki/Covina,_California" title="Covina, California">Covina, Ca.</a>: Future Packaging & Preservation, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-891406-30-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-891406-30-2">1-891406-30-2</a></li> <li>Larry Richard Clark (2010). "Time Capsules: the Why, the How, the Where". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1452882567" title="Special:BookSources/978-1452882567">978-1452882567</a></li> <li>M. Guzman, A.M. Hein, C. Welch, "Eternal Memory: Long-Duration Storage Concepts for Space", 66th <a href="/wiki/International_Astronautical_Congress" title="International Astronautical Congress">International Astronautical Congress</a>, Jerusalem, Israel</li> <li>Nick Yablon (2019). <i>Remembrance of Things Present: The Invention of the Time Capsule.</i> Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_capsule&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/time_capsule" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:time capsule">time capsule</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Time_capsules" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Time capsules">Time capsules</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libraryrecords.not-forgotten.com/">Notforgotten Digital Preservation Library Time Capsule registration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.si.edu/mci/english/learn_more/taking_care/timecaps.html">Smithsonian article on Time Capsules, guidelines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heritagetimecapsules.com/about/news.php">Heritage Time Capsule's Congressional Time Capsule 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121229075144/http://heritagetimecapsules.com/about/news.php">Archived</a> 2012-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oglethorpe.edu/about_us/crypt_of_civilization/time_capsule_tips.asp">Tips for building a time capsule</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130111655/http://oglethorpe.edu/about_us/crypt_of_civilization/time_capsule_tips.asp">Archived</a> 2009-01-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/International_Time_Capsule_Society" title="International Time Capsule Society">International Time Capsule Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past" title="Past">Past</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present" title="Present">Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future" title="Future">Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternity" title="Eternity">Eternity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">Measurement</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Time_standard" title="Time standard">standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chronometry" title="Chronometry">Chronometry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Time" title="International Atomic Time">TAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_of_time" title="Unit of time">Unit of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Orders of magnitude (time)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/System_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="System of measurement">Measurement<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_six-hour_clock" title="Italian six-hour clock">Italian six-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_six-hour_clock" title="Thai six-hour clock">Thai six-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-hour_clock" title="12-hour clock">12-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-hour_clock" title="24-hour clock">24-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_hour" title="Relative hour">Relative hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Daylight saving time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_timekeeping" title="Traditional Chinese timekeeping">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decimal_time" title="Decimal time">Decimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal_time" title="Hexadecimal time">Hexadecimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_time" title="Metric time">Metric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_timekeeping" title="Roman timekeeping">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_time" title="Sidereal time">Sidereal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_time" title="Solar time">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar#Systems" title="Calendar">Main types</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu Panchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_calendars" title="List of calendars">List</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">Clocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clock#Types" title="Clock">Main types</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_clock" title="Astronomical clock">astronomical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrarium" title="Astrarium">astrarium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">atomic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum clock">quantum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass">hourglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_chronometer" title="Marine chronometer">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">sundial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_watch" title="Mechanical watch">mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopwatch" title="Stopwatch">stopwatch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_clock" title="Water clock">water-based</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo_clock" title="Cuckoo clock">Cuckoo clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_clock" title="Digital clock">Digital clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clock" title="Grandfather clock">Grandfather clock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_devices" title="History of timekeeping devices">History</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_time_measurement_inventions" title="Timeline of time measurement inventions">Timeline</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">Chronology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_chronology" title="Astronomical chronology">Astronomical chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_History" title="Big History">Big History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Calendar era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_time" title="Deep time">Deep time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodization" title="Periodization">Periodization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline" title="Timeline">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_space_and_time" title="Philosophy of space and time">Philosophy of time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_series_and_B_series" title="A series and B series">A series and B series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-theory_of_time" title="B-theory of time">B-theory of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronocentrism" title="Chronocentrism">Chronocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(philosophy)" title="Duration (philosophy)">Duration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurantism" title="Endurantism">Endurantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_return" title="Eternal return">Eternal return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternalism_(philosophy_of_time)" title="Eternalism (philosophy of time)">Eternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_(philosophy)" title="Event (philosophy)">Event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdurantism" title="Perdurantism">Perdurantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_presentism" title="Philosophical presentism">Presentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_finitism" title="Temporal finitism">Temporal finitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_parts" title="Temporal parts">Temporal parts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unreality_of_Time" title="The Unreality of Time">The Unreality of Time</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Time_in_religion" title="Category:Time in religion">Religion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_in_religion_and_mythology" title="Template:Time in religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_Man" title="Ages of Man">Ages of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">Immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming" title="The Dreaming">Dreamtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81la" title="Kāla">Kāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_and_fate_deities" title="Time and fate deities">Time and fate deities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Father_Time" title="Father Time">Father Time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_time" title="Wheel of time">Wheel of time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalachakra" title="Kalachakra">Kalachakra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Time_perception" title="Time perception">Human experience</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Time-use_research" title="Time-use research">use of time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronemics" title="Chronemics">Chronemics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_time" title="Generation time">Generation time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_chronometry" title="Mental chronometry">Mental chronometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(music)" title="Duration (music)">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">time signature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosy_retrospection" title="Rosy retrospection">Rosy retrospection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tense%E2%80%93aspect%E2%80%93mood" title="Tense–aspect–mood">Tense–aspect–mood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_management" title="Time management">Time management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesterday_(time)" title="Yesterday (time)">Yesterday</a> – <a href="/wiki/Present" title="Present">Today</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_(time)" title="Tomorrow (time)">Tomorrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Time in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geological time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age (geology)">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronozone" title="Chronozone">chron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eon_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eon (geology)">eon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (geology)">epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Era (geology)">era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological period">period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geochronology" title="Geochronology">Geochronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Geological history of Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_physics" title="Time in physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_space_and_time" title="Absolute space and time">Absolute space and time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_of_time" title="Arrow of time">Arrow of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronon" title="Chronon">Chronon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_time" title="Coordinate time">Coordinate time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant" title="Instant">Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_time" title="Proper time">Proper time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">Spacetime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">Theory of relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_domain" title="Time domain">Time domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_translation_symmetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Time translation symmetry">Time translation symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-symmetry" title="T-symmetry">Time reversal symmetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Other fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronological_dating" title="Chronological dating">Chronological dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronobiology" title="Chronobiology">Chronobiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">Circadian rhythms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_clock" title="Chemical clock">Clock reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glottochronology" title="Glottochronology">Glottochronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_geography" title="Time geography">Time geography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moment_(unit)" title="Moment (unit)">Moment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_time" title="System time">System time</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tempus_fugit" title="Tempus fugit">Tempus fugit</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Time capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_immemorial" title="Time immemorial">Time immemorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">Time travel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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