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Department 1: Geodesy: GFZ
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container-fluid--gfz pb-5"> <div class="row push-content ce"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-9"> <div id="c37277" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-header frame-layout-0"><a id="c37279"></a><header><h2 class=""> Department 1: Geodesy </h2></header></div> <div id="c37284" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0"><a id="c37286"></a><div class="ce-textpic row"><div class="col-12"><div class="ce-bodytext"><p>The task of geodesy is to measure in detail the shape and rotation of the Earth, its orientation in space, its surface, and its gravitational field. For that purpose we analyse and interpret data from various national and international satellite missions for remote sensing of the Earth from space like, e.g., the GRACE and GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, and its Follow-On mission) satellites, and develop new systems like the mission EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) which started in April 2022 .</p></div></div></div></div> <div id="c50062" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-header frame-layout-0"><a id="c51066"></a><header><h3 class=""> Sections of the Department Geodesy: </h3></header></div> <div id="c49057" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-menu_subpages frame-layout-0"><div class="gfz-tiles"><ul><li><div class="gfz-tile "><a href="/en/section/space-geodetic-techniques/overview" title="Space Geodetic Techniques" class="gfz-tile__link"><div class="gfz-tile__image "><picture><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/9/csm_S11_M_2721c02d01.webp 1x, /fileadmin/_processed_/0/9/csm_S11_M_ad5d913290.webp 2x" /><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/9/csm_S11_M_f9539dcb9d.jpeg 1x, /fileadmin/_processed_/0/9/csm_S11_M_6accc01870.jpeg 2x" /><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/9/csm_S11_M_f9539dcb9d.jpeg" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/9/csm_S11_M_f9539dcb9d.jpeg 1w" sizes=" 270px" title="[Translate to English:] " alt="[Translate to English:] GRACE-FO-Satelliten" class=" " loading="lazy" width="270" height="170" /></picture></div><div class="gfz-tile__body"><h3 class="gfz-tile__title">Space Geodetic Techniques</h3></div></a></div></li><li><div class="gfz-tile "><a href="/en/section/global-geomonitoring-and-gravity-field/overview" title="Global Geomonitoring and Gravity Field" class="gfz-tile__link"><div class="gfz-tile__image "><picture><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/b/d/csm_Kopfbild_neu_45a5887250.webp 1x" /><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/png" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/b/d/csm_Kopfbild_neu_37c10c52f8.png 1x" /><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/b/d/csm_Kopfbild_neu_37c10c52f8.png" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/b/d/csm_Kopfbild_neu_37c10c52f8.png 1w" sizes=" 270px" title="" alt="" class=" " loading="lazy" width="270" height="170" /></picture></div><div class="gfz-tile__body"><h3 class="gfz-tile__title">Global Geomonitoring and Gravity Field</h3></div></a></div></li><li><div class="gfz-tile "><a href="/en/section/earth-system-modelling/overview" title="Earth System Modelling" class="gfz-tile__link"><div class="gfz-tile__image "><picture><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/9/a/csm_banner_OBP_anom_GR_3_cropped_border_ca18bb9f96.webp 1x, /fileadmin/_processed_/9/a/csm_banner_OBP_anom_GR_3_cropped_border_f2185ac94a.webp 2x" /><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/9/a/csm_banner_OBP_anom_GR_3_cropped_border_a165ca0d01.jpeg 1x, /fileadmin/_processed_/9/a/csm_banner_OBP_anom_GR_3_cropped_border_38759672ab.jpeg 2x" /><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/9/a/csm_banner_OBP_anom_GR_3_cropped_border_a165ca0d01.jpeg" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/9/a/csm_banner_OBP_anom_GR_3_cropped_border_a165ca0d01.jpeg 1w" sizes=" 270px" title="[Translate to English:] " alt="[Translate to English:] Banner" class=" " loading="lazy" width="270" height="170" /></picture></div><div class="gfz-tile__body"><h3 class="gfz-tile__title">Earth System Modelling</h3></div></a></div></li><li><div class="gfz-tile "><a href="/en/section/remote-sensing-and-geoinformatics/overview" title="Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics" class="gfz-tile__link"><div class="gfz-tile__image "><picture><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/8/csm_enmap-erde_kachel_foto-wartenberg_05903e5bed.webp 1x, /fileadmin/_processed_/0/8/csm_enmap-erde_kachel_foto-wartenberg_12e9933b33.webp 2x" /><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/8/csm_enmap-erde_kachel_foto-wartenberg_32d3bfcd0d.jpeg 1x, /fileadmin/_processed_/0/8/csm_enmap-erde_kachel_foto-wartenberg_696096c1cb.jpeg 2x" /><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/8/csm_enmap-erde_kachel_foto-wartenberg_32d3bfcd0d.jpeg" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/8/csm_enmap-erde_kachel_foto-wartenberg_32d3bfcd0d.jpeg 1w" sizes=" 270px" title="" alt="" class=" " loading="lazy" width="270" height="170" /></picture></div><div class="gfz-tile__body"><h3 class="gfz-tile__title">Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics</h3></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div> <div id="c11" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0"><a id="c6524"></a><div class="ce-textpic row"><div class="col-12"><div class="ce-bodytext"><p>We use signals of the American GPS, the Russian GLONASS, and the Chinese Compass/Beidou satellites for geoscience and atmospheric research. We are also contributing to the development of the European satellite navigation system Galileo, which is incorporated into our Research. These four systems are summarized as GNSS, Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Measurements from airplanes and ground-based geodetic observations, as well as the development and application of corresponding analysis techniques, round out the spectrum of our tasks. Finally, we utilize all these measurements and observations in computer models in order to simulate and understand the dynamic processes in the Earth’s interior, on its surface, in the oceans, in the atmosphere and cryosphere.</p></div></div></div></div> <div id="c12" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0"><a id="c6525"></a><div class="ce-textpic row"><div class="col-12"><div class="ce-bodytext"><p>To better understand something that is very close, it often helps to view it from a distance. This is also true for Earth science research, where the perspective from near-Earth space allows a completely new look on our planet. </p><p>For example, the orbits of satellites can give us information about the shape of the Earth and its gravitational field. If the masses in the Earth interior were uniformly distributed, our rotating home planet would have the shape of a flattened sphere or a rotational ellipsoid, respectively. In reality, however, the inside of the Earth is anything but homogeneous: In the Earth’s crust, thick sedimentary layers alternate with huge blocks of granite. The roots of the high mountain ranges reach deep into the upper mantle, while the Earth’s crust under the oceans is relatively thin. Density variations in the Earth's mantle and core also influence its gravitational field and through that, the Earth's shape. From high-precision measurements of a satellite path we can infer spatial and temporal gravity variations that provide information about the structure and dynamic changes in the Earth's interior and on its surface. Large-scale mass changes, induced, e.g., by deglaciation of ice masses in Greenland and Antarctica, can be quantified very accurately by these techniques. </p><p>In addition to the precise determination of satellite orbits, we analyse recordings from different sensors on numerous satellites. The precise surveying of ocean and ice surfaces with the technique of satellite altimetry belongs to this. Apart from the data from the GNSS satellites, also the laser distance measurements from satellites (SLR, satellite laser ranging) and the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) belong to space geodetic techniques. A combination of these techniques gives information about the shape of the Earth and the movements of tectonic plates. An important task hereby is the realization of a world-wide reference frame, which is necessary to enable, for instance, the precise measurement of the global sea level rise. From these manifold geodetic observations, information on the condition of the atmosphere that we provide for daily weather forecasting can be derived as well. We also analyse measurements of remote sensing satellites in order to understand the effects of climate change or to contribute to natural disaster risk mitigation strategies. </p><p>An additional research field is the application-oriented development of remote sensing research based on multi-temporal observation of bio- and geophysical parameters as well as surface deformation using optical and radar remote sensing systems for a broad spectrum of research questions within geo- and environmental sciences. Our research includes the topics of soil and land degradation studies, surface deformation, geological exploration, precision agriculture and global vegetation functioning, natural and man-made hazards, and land-atmosphere interactions. We hold the role of scientific leadership of the German hyperspectral satellite mission EnMAP and are involved in the definition of future hyperspectral satellite missions. To analyse and interprete the large amount of data from observation and simulation we develop approaches for information extraction on the basis of data mining/machine learning, visual data exploration as well as database and Big Data oriented technologies. </p><p>The interplay of information from all these collected data gives a dynamic overall picture of a very complex Earth system whose past history and future development is described and predicted in computer models. Our simulations range from the dynamics of the Earth's core and its surface to the investigation of the interactions between atmosphere, the oceans, and the solid Earth. The data, as well as the geoscientific results, are explored, analysed, and visualised with state-of-the-art geoinformation processing techniques and made available to other users.</p></div></div></div></div> <div id="c37283" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0"><a id="c37289"></a><header><h3 class=""> Anniversary celebrations of F.R. Helmert and the Potsdam Geodetic Institute (GFZ, 6 April 2017) + exhibition Focus: Earth </h3></header><div class="ce-textpic row"><div class="col-12 col-md-3"><div class="ce-gallery ce-zoom"><figure class="image "><a href="/fileadmin/_processed_/c/9/csm_celebrities_gip_01_3e2c7d79eb.png" class="lightbox-img" rel="lightbox[lb37283]"><picture><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/c/9/csm_celebrities_gip_01_052c9a430d.webp 1x, /fileadmin/_processed_/c/9/csm_celebrities_gip_01_7839745b9d.webp 2x" /><source media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/png" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/c/9/csm_celebrities_gip_01_703b64ddcb.png 1x, /fileadmin/_processed_/c/9/csm_celebrities_gip_01_00e60c6cbb.png 2x" /><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/c/9/csm_celebrities_gip_01_703b64ddcb.png" srcset="/fileadmin/_processed_/c/9/csm_celebrities_gip_01_703b64ddcb.png 1w" sizes=" 195px" title="Friedrich Robert Helmert, Wilhelm Foerster, and Herrmann von Helmholtz disputing on the reorganisation of the Royal Prussian Geodetic Institute. Actors are the colleagues of Department 1 George Beyerle, Christian Hohmann, and Thomas Gerber (from left..." alt="" class="image-embed-item " loading="lazy" width="195" height="134" /></picture></a><figcaption><em class="gfz-figure__copyright"> (GFZ) </em></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9"><div class="ce-bodytext"><p> Download the report here: <a href="/fileadmin/gfz/sec11/pdf/125_yr_Geod_Inst_Potsdam_report.pdf" title="Öffnet internen Link im aktuellen Fenster" class="download"><b>pdf file</b> (1.1 M)</a></p></div></div></div></div> <div id="c6541" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0"><a id="c6544"></a><header><h3 class=""> Contributions to international services </h3></header><div class="ce-textpic row"><div class="col-12"><div class="ce-bodytext"><ul><li><a href="http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de" target="_blank" class="external-link" rel="noreferrer">ICGEM</a>International Centre of Global Earth Models</li><li><a href="http://www.iers.org/" title="Öffnet externen Link in neuem Fenster" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">IERS </a>International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service</li><li><a href="https://isdc.gfz-potsdam.de/igets-data-base/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">IGETS</a> International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service</li><li><a href="http://www.igs.org/" title="Öffnet externen Link in neuem Fenster" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">IGS </a>International GNSS Service</li><li><a href="http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ILRS </a>International Laser Ranging Service</li><li><a href="http://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">IVS</a> International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry</li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div id="c6542" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0"><a id="c6543"></a><header><h3 class=""> Contributions to numerous international communities and scientific organisations </h3></header><div class="ce-textpic row"><div class="col-12"><div class="ce-bodytext"><ul><li><a href="http://www.iag-aig.org/" title="Öffnet externen Link in neuem Fenster" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">IAG</a> International Association of Geodesy</li><li><a href="http://www.iau.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">IAU </a>International Astronomical Union</li><li><a href="http://sites.agu.org/" title="Öffnet externen Link in neuem Fenster" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">AGU </a>American Geophysical Union</li><li><a href="http://www.egu.eu/" title="Öffnet externen Link in neuem Fenster" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">EGU </a>European Geosciences Union</li><li><a href="http://www.asiaoceania.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">AOGS </a>Asia Oceania Geosciences Society</li></ul></div></div></div></div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="col-12 col-lg-3" > <div id="c20154" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-tx_gfz_persons_box frame-layout-0"><a id="c20342"></a><header><h2 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</span></div><span class="gfz-contact__section" itemprop="memberOf" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><a href="/en/sec13" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name"> 1.3 Earth System Modelling </span></a></span></div><div class="gfz-contact__contact"><a itemprop="telephone" class="gfz-button gfz-button--left-icon gfz-button--link gfz-contact__phone gfz-button--icon-phone" title="+49 331 6264-1147" href="tel: +49 331 6264-1147">+49 331 6264-1147</a><a itemprop="email" class="gfz-button gfz-button--left-icon gfz-button--icon-mail gfz-button--link gfz-contact__mail" href="#" data-mailto-token="nbjmup+nbjl/uipnbtAhga.qputebn/ef" data-mailto-vector="1">Email</a><a href="/en/staff/maik.thomas/sec13" class="gfz-button gfz-button--icon-user gfz-button--left-icon gfz-contact__profile gfz-button--link">Profile</a></div></div></div> <div id="c20161" class="ce frame frame-default frame-type-tx_gfz_persons_box frame-layout-0"><a id="c20343"></a><header><h2 class=""> Department 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