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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-civitas rootpage-civitas skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">civitas</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">Civitas</a></b></div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#English"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">English</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pronunciation"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Noun"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Noun</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Anagrams"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Anagrams</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Latin"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Latin</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Alternative_forms"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Alternative forms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Etymology_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Pronunciation_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Noun_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Noun</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Declension"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Declension</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Derived_terms"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Derived terms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Related_terms"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Related terms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Descendants"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Descendants</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#References_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Romanian"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Romanian</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Etymology_3"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Noun_3"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Noun</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Declension_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Declension</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#References_3"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interproject-box sister-wikipedia sister-project noprint floatright"><div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/44px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/66px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/88px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left: 60px;">English <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has an article on:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/civitas" class="extiw" title="w:civitas">civitas</a></b></div></div><span class="interProject"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/civitas" class="extiw" title="w:civitas">Wikipedia </a></span></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81571951">.mw-parser-output .interproject-box{font-size:90%;width:250px;padding:4px;text-align:left;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f9f9f9);border:var(--border-color-base,#aaa)1px solid}@media screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .interproject-box{box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.5;width:100%;max-width:100%}}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing" title="Appendix:Glossary">Unadapted borrowing</a> from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Latin">cīvitās</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#doublet" title="Appendix:Glossary">Doublet</a> of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/city#English" title="city">city</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">closer to Classical Latin</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <span class="IPA">/ˈki.wɪˌtɑs/</span>, <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">closer to Ecclesiastical Latin</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <span class="IPA">/ˈt͡ʃiviˌtɑs/</span> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r50165410">.mw-parser-output .k-player .k-attribution{visibility:hidden}</style><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a></span></span><span class="ib-comma qualifier-comma">,</span> <span class="ib-content qualifier-content">closer to Classical Latin</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q1860_(eng)-JutishMale-civitas.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-JutishMale-civitas.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-JutishMale-civitas.wav">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r50165410"><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a></span></span><span class="ib-comma qualifier-comma">,</span> <span class="ib-content qualifier-content">closer to Ecclesiastical Latin</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q1860_(eng)-JutishMale-civitas_2.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas_2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas_2.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas_2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas_2.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-JutishMale-civitas_2.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-JutishMale-civitas_2.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-JutishMale-civitas 2.wav">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun">Noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="en">civitas</strong> (<i>plural</i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-en p-form-of" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/civitates#English" title="civitates">civitates</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">Roman history</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> the social body of the citizens united by law</li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">Roman history</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> a city and its territory</li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">pedantic</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> a <a href="/wiki/community" title="community">community</a></li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">pedantic</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> a <a href="/wiki/state" title="state">state</a>, <span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">chiefly</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> a <a href="/wiki/city-state" title="city-state">city-state</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References">References</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Merriam-Webster Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/civitas">"civitas"</a>. 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anagrams">Anagrams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anagrams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/cavitis#English" title="cavitis">cavitis</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin">Latin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_forms">Alternative forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alternative forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ceivitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ceivitas (page does not exist)">ceivitās</a></span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Old Latin">Old Latin</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></li> <li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=cibitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="cibitas (page does not exist)">cibitās</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civetas#Latin" title="civetas">civetās</a></span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From earlier <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ceivitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ceivitas (page does not exist)">ceivitās</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language" class="extiw" title="w:Proto-Italic language">Proto-Italic</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/keiwit%C4%81ts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/keiwitāts (page does not exist)">*keiwitāts</a></i>. Equivalent to <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civis#Latin" title="civis">cīvis</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">citizen</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> +‎ <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/-tas#Latin" title="-tas">-tās</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Latin pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈkiː.u̯i.taːs/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈkiːu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]</span></li> <li><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation" class="extiw" title="w:Latin phonology and orthography">modern Italianate Ecclesiastical</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Latin pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈt͡ʃi.vi.tas/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈt͡ʃiːvit̪äs]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun_2">Noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">cīvitās</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (<i>genitive</i> <b class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitatis#Latin" title="civitatis">cīvitātis</a></b>)</span>; <i><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Latin_third_declension" title="Appendix:Latin third declension">third declension</a></i> </p> <ol><li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> <a href="/wiki/citizenship" title="citizenship">citizenship</a> and its rights; often referring to Roman <a href="/wiki/citizenship" title="citizenship">citizenship</a></li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> the <a href="/wiki/state" title="state">state</a>, <a href="/wiki/body_politic" title="body politic">body politic</a>, <a href="/wiki/citizen" title="citizen">citizens</a> of a territory (collectively)</li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a><span class="ib-comma">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#metonymically" title="Appendix:Glossary">metonymically</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> a <a href="/wiki/city" title="city">city</a> and all external <a href="/wiki/territory" title="territory">territory</a> (thus distinguished from <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/urbs#Latin" title="urbs">urbs</a></i>)</li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a><span class="ib-comma">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#metonymically" title="Appendix:Glossary">metonymically</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> <a href="/wiki/city-state" title="city-state">city-states</a>, <a href="/wiki/kingdom" title="kingdom">kingdoms</a>, or <a href="/wiki/tribe" title="tribe">tribes</a>, especially under Roman rule.</li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> a <a href="/wiki/city" title="city">city</a>: a major, biblical, or specially incorporated town, <i>particularly</i> <a href="/wiki/cathedral_city" title="cathedral city">cathedral cities</a> <dl><dd><div class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">His diebus Langobardi Italia invaserunt, Vincentiam Veronamque et reliquas Venetiarum <b>civitates</b> coepit, et per tres annos Ticino possedit.</i><dl><dd><span class="e-translation">In those days that the Lombards invaded Italy, he began Vincentia & Verona and the rest of the Venetian cities, and possessed Ticino for three years.</span></dd></dl></div></dd></dl></li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> a <a href="/wiki/borough" title="borough">borough</a>: a <a href="/wiki/walled" title="walled">walled</a> <a href="/wiki/settlement" title="settlement">settlement</a>, sometimes <i>particularly</i> former Roman towns</li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> either the <a href="/wiki/Church" title="Church">Church</a> or <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Declension">Declension</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Declension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Latin_third_declension" title="Appendix:Latin third declension">Third-declension</a> noun.</p><div class="inflection-table-wrapper inflection-table-narrow inflection-table-cyan inflection-table-no-title" style="width: fit-content" data-toggle-category="inflection"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82739966">.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper{padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue);border:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper.inflection-table-narrow{}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper.inflection-table-no-title{border:0;padding:0}@media all and (max-width:639px){.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper.inflection-table-narrow{overflow:auto;max-width:100%;width:auto!important}}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper table{display:table;width:100%;margin:0;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-6);background:var(--wikt-palette-white)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper 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inflection-table-la"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>singular </th> <th>plural </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/nominative_case" title="nominative case">nominative</a> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">cīvitās</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitates#Latin" title="civitates">cīvitātēs</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/genitive_case" title="genitive case">genitive</a> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitatis#Latin" title="civitatis">cīvitātis</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitatum#Latin" title="civitatum">cīvitātum</a></span><br /><span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitatium#Latin" title="civitatium">cīvitātium</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/dative_case" title="dative case">dative</a> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitati#Latin" title="civitati">cīvitātī</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitatibus#Latin" title="civitatibus">cīvitātibus</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/accusative_case" title="accusative case">accusative</a> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitatem#Latin" title="civitatem">cīvitātem</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitates#Latin" title="civitates">cīvitātēs</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ablative_case" title="ablative case">ablative</a> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitate#Latin" title="civitate">cīvitāte</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitatibus#Latin" title="civitatibus">cīvitātibus</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/vocative_case" title="vocative case">vocative</a> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">cīvitās</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin-cīvitās" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitates#Latin" title="civitates">cīvitātēs</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p>The genitive plural in <i>-um</i> is the etymologically expected one as well as the more frequent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Derived terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="list-switcher" data-toggle-category="derived terms"><div class="columns-bg term-list ul-column-count" data-column-count="4"><ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Aureliana_civitas#Latin" title="Aureliana civitas">Aurēliāna civitas</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas_Aureliani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitas Aureliani (page does not exist)">civitas Aurēliāni</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civitatula#Latin" title="civitatula">cīvitātula</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=curator_civitatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="curator civitatis (page does not exist)">cūrātor cīvitātis</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/defensor_civitatis#Latin" title="defensor civitatis">dēfēnsor cīvitātis</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=exactor_civitatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="exactor civitatis (page does not exist)">exāctor cīvitātis</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="list-switcher-element" data-showtext=" show more ▼ " data-hidetext=" show less ▲ " style="display:none"> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Related_terms">Related terms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Related terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="list-switcher" data-toggle-category="derived terms"><div class="columns-bg term-list ul-column-count" data-column-count="3"><ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civicus#Latin" title="civicus">cīvicus</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civile#Latin" title="civile">cīvīle</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civilis#Latin" title="civilis">cīvīlis</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civilitas#Latin" title="civilitas">cīvīlitās</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civiliter#Latin" title="civiliter">cīvīliter</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/civis#Latin" title="civis">cīvis</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="list-switcher-element" data-showtext=" show more ▼ " data-hidetext=" show less ▲ " style="display:none"> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Descendants">Descendants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81598696">.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+*,.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+*{display:inline-block;column-gap:32px}.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+ol,.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+ul{background:var(--wikt-palette-lavender,#F8F8FF);margin-left:0;padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px}.mw-parser-output .ac-hcol2+*{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .ac-hcol3+*{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .ac-hcol4+*{column-count:4}.mw-parser-output .ac-hcol5+*{column-count:5}.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+ol>li>ol,.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+ol>li>ul,.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+ul>li>ul,.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+ul>li>ol{break-inside:avoid}@media only screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+*{column-count:1}.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+ol,.mw-parser-output .ac-hcoln+ul{background:initial}}</style><div class="ac-hcol4 ac-hcoln"></div> <ul><li>Balkan Romance: <ul><li>Aromanian: <span class="Latn" lang="rup"><a href="/wiki/tsitati#Aromanian" title="tsitati">tsitati</a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68481116">.mw-parser-output .desc-arr[title]{cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .desc-arr[title="uncertain"]{font-size:.7em;vertical-align:super}</style></li> <li>Istro-Romanian: <span class="Latn" lang="ruo"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Det%C3%A5te#Istro-Romanian" title="četåte">četåte</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Romanian: <span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/wiki/cetate#Romanian" title="cetate">cetate</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Dalmatian: <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="dlm"><a href="/wiki/cituot#Dalmatian" title="cituot">cituot</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Italo-Romance: <ul><li>Italian: <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/citt%C3%A0#Italian" title="città">città</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/cittade#Italian" title="cittade">cittade</a></span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#archaic" title="Appendix:Glossary">archaic</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span><ul><li><span class="desc-arr" title="borrowed">→</span> Sardinian: <span class="Latn" lang="sc"><a href="/wiki/tzitade#Sardinian" title="tzitade">tzitade</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li><li><span class="desc-arr" title="borrowed">→</span> Slavomolisano: <span class="Latn" lang="svm"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Dita#Slavomolisano" title="čita">čita</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Neapolitan: <span class="Latn" lang="nap"><a href="/wiki/cit%C3%A0#Neapolitan" title="cità">cità</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="nap"><a href="/wiki/cetate#Neapolitan" title="cetate">cetate</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Sicilian: <span class="Latn" lang="scn"><a href="/wiki/cit%C3%A0#Sicilian" title="cità">cità</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="scn"><a href="/wiki/citati#Sicilian" title="citati">citati</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Padanian: <ul><li>Gallo-Italic: <ul><li>Ligurian: <span class="Latn" lang="lij"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A7itt%C3%A6#Ligurian" title="çittæ">çittæ</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Lombard: <span class="Latn" lang="lmo"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A7it%C3%A2#Lombard" title="çitâ">çitâ</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="lmo"><a href="/wiki/cit%C3%A2#Lombard" title="citâ">citâ</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Piedmontese: <span class="Latn" lang="pms"><a href="/wiki/sit%C3%A0#Piedmontese" title="sità">sità</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Friulian: <span class="Latn" lang="fur"><a href="/wiki/cit%C3%A2t#Friulian" title="citât">citât</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Istriot: <span class="Latn" lang="ist"><a href="/wiki/sit%C3%A0#Istriot" title="sità">sità</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Ladin: <span class="Latn" lang="lld"><a href="/wiki/zit%C3%A0#Ladin" title="zità">zità</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Romansch: <span class="Latn" lang="rm"><a href="/wiki/citad#Romansch" title="citad">citad</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Venetan: <span class="Latn" lang="vec"><a href="/wiki/sit%C3%A0#Venetan" title="sità">sità</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Gallo-Romance: (<i>see there for further descendants</i>) <ul><li>Old Catalan: <span class="Latn" lang="roa-oca"><a href="/wiki/ciutat#Old_Catalan" title="ciutat">ciutat</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Old French: <span class="Latn" lang="fro"><a href="/wiki/citet#Old_French" title="citet">citet</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li>Old Occitan: <span class="Latn" lang="pro"><a href="/wiki/ciutat#Old_Occitan" title="ciutat">ciutat</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Ibero-Romance: <ul><li>Navarro-Aragonese: <span class="Latn" lang="roa-oan"><a href="/wiki/ciudat#Navarro-Aragonese" title="ciudat">ciudat</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="roa-oan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A7iudat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="çiudat (page does not exist)">çiudat</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="roa-oan"><a href="/wiki/ciudad#Navarro-Aragonese" title="ciudad">ciudad</a></span><ul><li>Aragonese: <span class="Latn" lang="an"><a href="/wiki/ciudat#Aragonese" title="ciudat">ciudat</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Old Galician-Portuguese: <span class="Latn" lang="roa-opt"><a href="/wiki/cidade#Old_Galician-Portuguese" title="cidade">cidade</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="roa-opt"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A7ibdade#Old_Galician-Portuguese" title="çibdade">çibdade</a></span><ul><li>Galician: <span class="Latn" lang="gl"><a href="/wiki/cidade#Galician" title="cidade">cidade</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="gl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cid%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidá (page does not exist)">Cidá</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">toponym</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span></li><li>Portuguese: <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/cidade#Portuguese" title="cidade">cidade</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Old Leonese: <span class="Latn" lang="roa-ole"><a href="/wiki/ciubdad#Old_Leonese" title="ciubdad">ciubdad</a></span><ul><li>Asturian: <span class="Latn" lang="ast"><a href="/wiki/ciod%C3%A1#Asturian" title="ciodá">ciodá</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="ast"><a href="/wiki/ciud%C3%A1#Asturian" title="ciudá">ciudá</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li><li>Leonese: <span class="Latn" lang="roa-leo"><a href="/wiki/ciud%C3%A1#Leonese" title="ciudá">ciudá</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li><li>Mirandese: <span class="Latn" lang="mwl"><a href="/wiki/cidade#Mirandese" title="cidade">cidade</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Old Spanish: <span class="Latn" lang="osp"><a href="/wiki/cibdat#Old_Spanish" title="cibdat">cibdat</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="osp"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A7ibdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="çibdad (page does not exist)">çibdad</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="osp"><a href="/w/index.php?title=cipdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="cipdad (page does not exist)">cipdad</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="osp"><a href="/w/index.php?title=cipdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="cipdat (page does not exist)">cipdat</a></span><ul><li>Ladino: <span class="Latn" lang="lad"><a href="/wiki/sivdad#Ladino" title="sivdad">sivdad</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li><li>Spanish: <span class="Latn" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/ciudad#Spanish" title="ciudad">ciudad</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"> (<i>see there for further descendants</i>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Insular Romance: <ul><li><span class="desc-arr" title="reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes">⇒</span> Sardinian: <span class="Latn" lang="sc"><a href="/wiki/Sa_Chitade#Sardinian" title="Sa Chitade">Sa Chitade</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li>Borrowings: <ul><li><span class="desc-arr" title="borrowed">→</span> English: <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#English">civitas</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li> <li><span class="desc-arr" title="borrowed">→</span> Proto-Albanian: <small>[Term?]</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"> <ul><li>Albanian: <span class="Latn" lang="sq"><a href="/wiki/qytet#Albanian" title="qytet">qytet</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"></li></ul></li> <li><span class="desc-arr" title="borrowed">→</span> Proto-Brythonic: <span class="Latn" lang="cel-bry-pro"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/kiwd%E1%BB%8Dd" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/kiwdọd">*kiwdọd</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68481116"> (<i>see there for further descendants</i>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_2">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=civitas"><span class="Latn" lang="la">civitas</span></a>”, in <span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (<span class="None" lang="und">1879</span>) <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Latin_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="w:A Latin Dictionary">A Latin Dictionary</a></cite>, Oxford: Clarendon Press</span></span></li> <li>“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0060:entry=civitas"><span class="Latn" lang="la">civitas</span></a>”, in <span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Charlton T. Lewis (<span class="None" lang="und">1891</span>) <cite>An Elementary Latin Dictionary</cite>, New York: Harper & Brothers</span></span></li> <li><span class="Latn" lang="la"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/CIVITAS">civitas</a></span> in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_du_Fresne,_sieur_du_Cange#Works" class="extiw" title="w:Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange"><i>Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis</i></a> (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://micmap.org/dicfro/search/gaffiot/civitas">civitas</a> in <span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Gaffiot, Félix (<span class="None" lang="und">1934</span>) <cite>Dictionnaire illustré latin-français</cite>, Hachette.</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (<span class="None" lang="und">1894</span>) <cite>Latin Phrase-Book</cite>‎<sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50280/50280-h/50280-h.htm">[1]</a></sup>, London: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" class="extiw" title="w:Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan and Co.</a></span></span> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display: inline" data-expandtext="22 phrases"><ul><li>Plato's ideal republic: <i><b>civitas optima, perfecta Platonis</b></i><br /></li><li>Plato's ideal republic: <i><b>illa civitas Platonis commenticia</b></i><br /></li><li>Plato's ideal republic: <i><b>illa civitas, quam Plato finxit</b></i><br /></li><li>universal history: <i><b>omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum</b></i> or <i><b>omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria</b></i><br /></li><li>the constitution: <i><b>descriptio civitatis</b></i><br /></li><li>to give the state a constitution: <i><b>civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere</b></i><br /></li><li>to be the chief man in the state: <i><b>principem civitatis esse</b></i><br /></li><li>the head of the state: <i><b>rector civitatis</b></i> (De Or. 1. 48. 211)<br /></li><li>to make a man a citizen: <i><b>civitate donare aliquem</b></i> (Balb. 3. 7)<br /></li><li>to enroll as a citizen, burgess: <i><b>in civitatem recipere, ascribere, asciscere aliquem</b></i><br /></li><li>to present a person with the freedom of the city: <i><b>civitatem alicui dare, tribuere, impertire</b></i><br /></li><li>to naturalise oneself as a citizen of another country: <i><b>civitatem mutare</b></i> (Balb. 11. 27)<br /></li><li>the dregs of the people: <i><b>faex populi, plebis, civitatis</b></i><br /></li><li>aristocracy (as a form of government): <i><b>civitas, quae optimatium arbitrio regitur</b></i><br /></li><li>democracy: <i><b>imperium populi</b></i> or <i><b>populare, civitas</b></i> or <i><b>res publica popularis</b></i><br /></li><li>to banish a person, send him into exile: <i><b>ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem</b></i><br /></li><li>to banish a person, send him into exile: <i><b>de, e civitate aliquem eicere</b></i><br /></li><li>to expel a person from the city, country: <i><b>exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem</b></i> (Mil. 37. 101)<br /></li><li>to keep the citizens in servile subjection: <i><b>civitatem servitute oppressam tenere</b></i> (Dom. 51. 131)<br /></li><li>to extort money from the communities: <i><b>pecuniam cogere a civitatibus</b></i><br /></li><li>to compel communities to provide troops: <i><b>imperare milites civitatibus</b></i><br /></li><li>to compel communities to provide hostages: <i><b>obsides civitatibus imperare</b></i><br /></li></ul></div></li> <li>“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:entry=civitas-harpers"><span class="Latn" lang="la">civitas</span></a>”, in <span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Harry Thurston Peck, editor (<span class="None" lang="und">1898</span>), <cite>Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities</cite>, New York: Harper & Brothers</span></span></li> <li>“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063:entry=civitas-cn"><span class="Latn" lang="la">civitas</span></a>”, in <span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">William Smith et al., editor (<span class="None" lang="und">1890</span>), <cite>A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</cite>, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romanian">Romanian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Romanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_3">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#loanword" title="Appendix:Glossary">Borrowed</a> from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Latin">cīvitās</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun_3">Noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="ro">civitas</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> (<i>plural</i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-ro p-form-of" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasuri (page does not exist)">civitasuri</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#English">civitas</a></span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Declension_2">Declension</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Declension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="inflection-table-wrapper inflection-table-narrow inflection-table-yellow inflection-table-no-title" style="width: fit-content" data-toggle-category="inflection"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82739966"> <table class="inflection-table"> <tbody><tr> <th class="outer"> </th> <th colspan="2" class="outer">singular </th> <td class="separator" rowspan="999"> </td> <th colspan="2" class="outer">plural </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>indefinite </th> <th>definite </th> <th>indefinite </th> <th>definite </th></tr> <tr> <th>nominative-accusative </th> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><strong class="selflink">civitas</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasul (page does not exist)">civitasul</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasuri (page does not exist)">civitasuri</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasurile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasurile (page does not exist)">civitasurile</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>genitive-dative </th> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><strong class="selflink">civitas</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasului (page does not exist)">civitasului</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasuri (page does not exist)">civitasuri</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasurilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasurilor (page does not exist)">civitasurilor</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>vocative </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasule (page does not exist)">civitasule</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitasurilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="civitasurilor (page does not exist)">civitasurilor</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_3">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=civitas&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dexonline.ro/definitie-mda2/civitas">civitas</a> in Academia Română, <i>Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a</i>, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-8162-26-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-8162-26-3">→ISBN</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=civitas&oldid=80547992">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=civitas&oldid=80547992</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_borrowed_from_Latin" title="Category:English terms borrowed from Latin">English terms borrowed from Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_unadapted_borrowings_from_Latin" title="Category:English unadapted borrowings from 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class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other projects</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other languages</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/civitas" title="civitas – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="civitas" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 June 2024, at 13:16.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Definitions and other text are available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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