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<li id="toc-Early_Europeans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Europeans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early Europeans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Europeans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_Portuguese_Timor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_Portuguese_Timor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Establishment of Portuguese Timor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_Portuguese_Timor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_Dili_as_capital_of_Portuguese_Timor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_Dili_as_capital_of_Portuguese_Timor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Establishment of Dili as capital of Portuguese Timor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_Dili_as_capital_of_Portuguese_Timor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detachment_of_Portuguese_Timor_from_Portuguese_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detachment_of_Portuguese_Timor_from_Portuguese_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Detachment of Portuguese Timor from Portuguese India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detachment_of_Portuguese_Timor_from_Portuguese_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_twentieth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_twentieth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Early twentieth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_twentieth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-WWII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-WWII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Post-WWII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-WWII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_Portuguese_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_Portuguese_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>End of Portuguese rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_Portuguese_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stamps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stamps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Stamps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stamps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References and further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Portuguese Timor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تيمور البرتغالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيمور البرتغالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Португалски Тимор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Португалски Тимор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugu%C3%A8s" title="Timor Portuguès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Timor Portuguès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugiesisch-Timor" title="Portugiesisch-Timor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portugiesisch-Timor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_portugu%C3%A9s" title="Timor portugués – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Timor portugués" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugala_Timoro" title="Portugala Timoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portugala Timoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugesa" title="Timor Portugesa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Timor Portugesa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تیمور پرتغال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیمور پرتغال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_portugais" title="Timor portugais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Timor portugais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_portugu%C3%A9s" title="Timor portugués – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Timor portugués" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88%EB%A0%B9_%ED%8B%B0%EB%AA%A8%EB%A5%B4" title="포르투갈령 티모르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포르투갈령 티모르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="पुर्तगाली तिमोर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुर्तगाली तिमोर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugis" title="Timor Portugis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timor Portugis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%BAgalska_T%C3%ADmor" title="Portúgalska Tímor – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Portúgalska Tímor" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_portoghese" title="Timor portoghese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Timor portoghese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%92%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="טימור הפורטוגזית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טימור הפורטוגזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugis" title="Timor Portugis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Timor Portugis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalijos_Timoras" title="Portugalijos Timoras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Portugalijos Timoras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugees-Timor" title="Portugees-Timor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portugees-Timor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E9%A0%98%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ポルトガル領ティモール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポルトガル領ティモール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugisisk_Timor" title="Portugisisk Timor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Portugisisk Timor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="پرتگیزی تیمور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرتگیزی تیمور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B" title="ទីម័រព័រទុយហ្គាល់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីម័រព័រទុយហ្គាល់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugalski" title="Timor Portugalski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Timor Portugalski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugu%C3%AAs" title="Timor Português – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Timor Português" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Португальский Тимор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Португальский Тимор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalin_Timor" title="Portugalin Timor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Portugalin Timor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugisiska_Timor" title="Portugisiska Timor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portugisiska Timor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%C3%B3r-Portug%C3%A9s" title="Timór-Portugés – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Timór-Portugés" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA" title="ติมอร์ของโปรตุเกส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ติมอร์ของโปรตุเกส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тимори Португалия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тимори Португалия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portekiz_Timor" title="Portekiz Timor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portekiz Timor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugali%C3%BDaly_Timor" title="Portugaliýaly Timor – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Portugaliýaly Timor" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Portuguese Timor</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Timor Português</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1702–1942<br />1945–1975</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of East Timor"><img alt="Flag of East Timor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/125px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/188px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/250px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_East_Timor" title="Flag of East Timor">Flag<br />(1910–1942; 1945–1975)</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_(1951%E2%80%931975).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms (1951–1975) of East Timor"><img alt="Coat of arms (1951–1975) of East Timor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281951%E2%80%931975%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281951%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281951%E2%80%931975%29.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281951%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281951%E2%80%931975%29.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281951%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="871" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_East_Timor" title="National emblem of East Timor">Coat of arms<br />(1951–1975)</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> "<a href="/wiki/Hymno_Patri%C3%B3tico" title="Hymno Patriótico">Hymno Patriótico</a>" (1808–26)<br /><i>Patriotic Anthem</i><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="Hymno_Patriotico.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Hymno_Patriotico.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/Hymno_Patriotico.ogg/Hymno_Patriotico.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymno_Patriotico.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymno_Patriotico.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymno_Patriotico.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div><br />"<a href="/wiki/Hino_da_Carta" title="Hino da Carta">Hino da Carta</a>" (1826–1910)<br /><i>Hymn of the Charter</i><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="172" data-mwtitle="Hino_da_Carta.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Hino_da_Carta.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Hino_da_Carta.ogg/Hino_da_Carta.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=fy&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fy" label="Frysk ‪(fy)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div><br />"<a href="/wiki/A_Portuguesa" title="A Portuguesa">A Portuguesa</a>" (1910–1975)<br /><i>The Portuguese</i><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="79" data-mwtitle="Hino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Hino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/Hino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg/Hino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationEastTimor-Pre1911.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Timor with 1869-established boundaries."><img alt="Portuguese Timor with 1869-established boundaries." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/LocationEastTimor-Pre1911.svg/250px-LocationEastTimor-Pre1911.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/LocationEastTimor-Pre1911.svg/375px-LocationEastTimor-Pre1911.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/LocationEastTimor-Pre1911.svg/500px-LocationEastTimor-Pre1911.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="497" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Portuguese Timor with 1869-established boundaries.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Colony of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_occupied_by_Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan">Occupied by the Japanese Empire</a><br />(1942–1945)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lifau" title="Lifau">Lifau</a> (1702–69)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a> (1769–1942; 1945–75)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tetum_language" title="Tetum language">Tetum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_East_Timor" title="Catholic Church in East Timor">Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Head of state</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Monarch</a><br />1702–06 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><br /><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Portugal" title="Peter II of Portugal">Peter II</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1908–10 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Portugal" title="Manuel II of Portugal">Manuel II</a> (last)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President</a><br />1910–11 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><br /><a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Braga" title="Teófilo Braga">Teófilo Braga</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1974–75/76 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_da_Costa_Gomes" title="Francisco da Costa Gomes">Francisco da Costa Gomes</a> (last de facto)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Portuguese_Timor" title="List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1702–05 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">António Coelho Guerreiro (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1974–75 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Lemos_Pires" title="Mário Lemos Pires">Mário Lemos Pires</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Establishment </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1702</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> occupation of Portuguese Timor </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1942–45</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Unilateral_declaration_of_independence" title="Unilateral declaration of independence">Unilateral declaration of independence</a> by <a href="/wiki/Fretilin" title="Fretilin">Fretilin</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 November 1975</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">Invasion by Indonesia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 December 1975</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence achieved </div></th><td class="infobox-data">20 May 2002</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_East_Timor" title="Geography of East Timor">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,874 km<sup>2</sup> (5,743 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timorese_pataca" title="Portuguese Timorese pataca">Timorese pataca</a> (PTP)<br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timorese_escudo" title="Portuguese Timorese escudo">Timorese escudo</a> (PTE)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:TP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-2:TP">TP</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pre-colonial_Timor" title="Pre-colonial Timor">Pre-colonial Timor</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_East_Timor_(1975)" title="Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975)">East Timor (1975–1976)</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_East_Timor_%283-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_East_Timor_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_East_Timor_%283-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_East_Timor_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_East_Timor_%283-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_East_Timor_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/East_Timor_(province)" title="East Timor (province)">Indonesian occupied East Timor</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Timor_Timur.svg/20px-Flag_of_Timor_Timur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Timor_Timur.svg/30px-Flag_of_Timor_Timur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Timor_Timur.svg/40px-Flag_of_Timor_Timur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Portuguese Timor</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Timor Português</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">colonial possession</a> of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> that existed between 1702 and 1975. During most of this period, Portugal shared the island of <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. </p><p>The first Europeans to arrive in the region were the Portuguese in 1515.<sup id="cite_ref-West_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican friars</a> established a presence on the island in 1556, and the territory was declared a Portuguese colony in 1702. Following the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> (a Lisbon-instigated decolonisation process) in 1975, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">East Timor was invaded by Indonesia</a>. However, the invasion <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_384" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 384">was not recognized as legal by the United Nations (UN)</a>, which continued to regard Portugal as the legal Administering Power of East Timor. The independence of East Timor was finally achieved in 2002 following a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Administered_East_Timor" title="United Nations Administered East Timor">UN-administered transition period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Europeans">Early Europeans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early Europeans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pre-colonial_Timor" title="Pre-colonial Timor">Pre-colonial Timor</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Portuguese_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Portuguese in Indonesia">The Portuguese in Indonesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a></div> <p>Prior to the arrival of European colonial powers, the island of <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a> was part of the trading networks that stretched between India and China and incorporating <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>. The island's large stands of fragrant <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> were its main commodity.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz198-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was sandalwood that attracted European explorers to the island in the early sixteenth century, and early European presence was limited to trade.<sup id="cite_ref-leibosteven_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leibosteven-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first European powers to arrive in the area were the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> in the early sixteenth century followed by the Dutch in the late sixteenth century. Both came in search of the fabled <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Spice Islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maluku_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Maluku islands">Maluku</a>. In 1515, the Portuguese first landed near modern <a href="/wiki/Pante_Macassar" title="Pante Macassar">Pante Macassar</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Dutch and Portuguese sources relate that the island was divided into two collections of kingdoms. Around sixteen kingdoms were grouped into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servi%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Servião (page does not exist)">Servião</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%A3o" class="extiw" title="de:Servião">de</a>]</span> in the west, while in the east around fifty kingdoms were part of <a href="/wiki/Belu_(province)" title="Belu (province)">Belos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 246">: 246 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1556 a group of <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_friar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican friar">friars</a> established the village of <a href="/wiki/Lifau" title="Lifau">Lifau</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Trade was controlled by Portuguese settlements on other <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lundhal2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundhal2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 267">: 267 </span></sup> The first Portuguese settlement in the area was set up on the nearby island of <a href="/wiki/Solor" title="Solor">Solor</a> in the 1560s.<sup id="cite_ref-Paulino2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paulino2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90">: 90 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> Due to the lack of direct Portuguese control in the area, with limited support from both <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Malacca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Goa</a>, the sandalwood trade fell under the control of the Dominican missionaries. These exports were crucial for the prosperity of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> Despite the early presence of Dominican missionaries, the missionaries struggled to convert the native inhabitants. Even after the local rulers declared themselves as Christians, adoption of Christianity by the masses was not widespread, and conversions were mostly superficial. As late as 1941, Christians were still few in number.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1613, the Dutch took control of the western part of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-West_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the following three centuries, the Dutch would come to dominate the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian archipelago</a> with the exception of the eastern half of Timor, which would become Portuguese Timor.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz198-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1605 Ambon and Tidore passed to Dutch control, and the following year <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a> was ceded to Spain (before later coming under Dutch control in 1663).<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87">: 87 </span></sup> Solor was also lost in 1613, leading the Portuguese capital to move to <a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paulino2011_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paulino2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90">: 90 </span></sup> In 1621 the <a href="/wiki/Banda_Islands" title="Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a> fell to the Dutch, before Malacca fell in 1641, and Solor shortly afterwards in 1646.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87">: 87 </span></sup> The fall of Solor led the Portuguese capital to be moved to <a href="/wiki/Kupang" title="Kupang">Kupang</a> on Timor's west, before that was lost again to the Dutch in 1652. Only then did the Portuguese move to <a href="/wiki/Lifau" title="Lifau">Lifau</a> in what is now East Timor's <a href="/wiki/Oecusse" title="Oecusse">Oecusse</a> exclave.<sup id="cite_ref-Paulino2011_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paulino2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90">: 90 </span></sup> The Portuguese had engaged with Lifau recently, having sent forces in 1641 to aid the Queen of Lifau/Ambeno.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Portuguese introduced maize as a food crop and coffee as an export crop. Timorese systems of tax and labour control were preserved, through which taxes were paid through their labour and a portion of the coffee and sandalwood crop. The Portuguese introduced mercenaries into Timorese communities and Timorese chiefs hired Portuguese soldiers for wars against neighbouring tribes. With the use of the Portuguese musket, Timorese men became deer hunters and suppliers of deer horn and hide for export.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor379_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor379-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Portuguese introduced <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> to Portuguese Timor, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin writing system</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a>, and formal schooling.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor379_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor379-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two groups of people were introduced to East Timor: Portuguese men, and <a href="/wiki/Topasses" title="Topasses">Topasses</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a> was introduced into church and state business, and Portuguese Asians used <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> in addition to Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor379_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor379-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under colonial policy, Portuguese citizenship was available to men who assimilated the Portuguese language, literacy, and religion; by 1970, 1,200 East Timorese, largely drawn from the aristocracy, Dili residents, or larger towns, had obtained Portuguese citizenship. By the end of the colonial administration in 1974, 30 percent of Timorese were practising <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> while the majority continued to worship spirits of the land and sky.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor379_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor379-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_Portuguese_Timor">Establishment of Portuguese Timor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment of Portuguese Timor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penfui" title="Battle of Penfui">Battle of Penfui</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_de_Timor_(1731).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mapa_de_Timor_%281731%29.jpg/220px-Mapa_de_Timor_%281731%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mapa_de_Timor_%281731%29.jpg/330px-Mapa_de_Timor_%281731%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mapa_de_Timor_%281731%29.jpg/440px-Mapa_de_Timor_%281731%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2928" /></a><figcaption>1731 Portuguese map of Timor.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1702, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_Coelho_Guerreiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António Coelho Guerreiro (page does not exist)">António Coelho Guerreiro</a> was appointed <i>Governor and Captain General of the islands of Timor and Solor and other regions in the South</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caetano_de_Melo_e_Castro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caetano de Melo e Castro (page does not exist)">Caetano de Melo e Castro</a>, the Viceroy of Goa, ending the autonomy of the Dominican missions.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86–87">: 86–87 </span></sup> He was sent to <a href="/wiki/Lifau" title="Lifau">Lifau</a>, which became the capital of all Portuguese dependencies in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a>. (The former capitals were <a href="/wiki/Solor" title="Solor">Solor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larantuka" title="Larantuka">Larantuka</a>.) Portuguese control over the territory was tenuous, particularly in the mountainous interior. <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> friars, the occasional Dutch raid, and the Timorese themselves, competed with Portuguese merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz198-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other disruptions came from the local <a href="/wiki/Topasses" title="Topasses">Topasses</a>, restive vassal kingdoms, and the south Sulawesi-based <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Gowa_and_Talloq" title="Early history of Gowa and Talloq">Gowa and Talloq</a> sultanates.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 246–247">: 246–247 </span></sup> The control of colonial administrators was largely restricted to the <a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a> area, and they had to rely on traditional tribal chieftains for control and influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz198-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Direct European presence was limited to a handful of individuals, and only one or two ships made the trip between Lifau and Macau each year. This weakness allowed the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (VOC) to establish influence in the area despite Portugal's claims.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1716 the Viceroy of Macau, <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_de_meneses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="César de meneses (page does not exist)">César de meneses</a>, banned the sale of Timorese sandalwood to non-Portuguese areas, creating tension with the Topasses. In 1718 governor <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Melo_e_Castro" title="Francisco de Melo e Castro">Francisco de Melo e Castro</a> was <a href="/wiki/Excommunicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicate">excommunicated</a> by bishop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_de_Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel de Santo António (page does not exist)">Manuel de Santo António</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_de_Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio" class="extiw" title="pt:Manuel de Santo António">pt</a>]</span>, leading the governor to flee, the bishop to take over. This buildup of tension following more direct rule led to the leaders of some local kingdoms meeting in the kingdom of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camenassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camenassa (page does not exist)">Camenassa</a> on the southern coast, coming to an agreement to throw off Portuguese authority. A renewal of this rebellion in 1725 led to a campaign by Portuguese forces and allies from the north coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2010_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 246–247">: 246–247 </span></sup> The rebellion included 15 kingdoms, including Oecusse and Ermera. This culminated in the October 1726 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cailaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cailaco (page does not exist)">Battle of Cailaco</a>, in which the Portuguese laid siege to a Timorese stronghold for six weeks. The Portuguese destroyed the fort, although they did not entirely suppress the revolt until 1728.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1732 the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Maubara" title="Maubara">Maubara</a> asked the VOC for protection, although it is unclear if an agreement was reached, and the kingdom continued to pay tribute to Portugal. In 1755 the Dutch began a concerted effort to increase their influence in Solor and Timor, and in June 1756 nobles from 77 polities signed contracts with the VOC representative in Kupang, including Maubara. A permanent fort, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Maubara" title="Fort Maubara">Fort Maubara</a>, established with VOC support, created friction with the Portuguese. Portuguese allies in the east of the island attacked Maubara at Portuguese behest in 1760, but were repulsed with aid from the VOC.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43–47">: 43–47 </span></sup> </p><p>A power struggle in Lifau at this time involving Portuguese officials and <a href="/wiki/Topasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Topasse">Topasse</a> leaders also saw attempted interference by the VOC representative in Kupang, who travelled to Lifau but was killed there. The new VOC Governor shifted focus back to the western parts of Timor.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47–48">: 47–48 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_Dili_as_capital_of_Portuguese_Timor">Establishment of Dili as capital of Portuguese Timor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Establishment of Dili as capital of Portuguese Timor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandeira_Dili_1952-1975.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bandeira_Dili_1952-1975.svg/220px-Bandeira_Dili_1952-1975.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bandeira_Dili_1952-1975.svg/330px-Bandeira_Dili_1952-1975.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bandeira_Dili_1952-1975.svg/440px-Bandeira_Dili_1952-1975.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Flag and coat of arms of Portuguese Dili (1952–1975). The inscription reads: "That Which the Sun Sees First Upon Rising".</figcaption></figure> <p>Continuing struggles led to the killing of Portuguese Governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dion%C3%ADsio_Gon%C3%A7alves_Rebelo_Galv%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão (page does not exist)">Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dion%C3%ADsio_Gon%C3%A7alves_Rebelo_Galv%C3%A3o" class="extiw" title="de:Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão">de</a>]</span> in Lifau in 1766.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after, Portuguese administration shifted East, when Governor <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Jos%C3%A9_Teles_de_Meneses" title="António José Teles de Meneses">António José Teles de Meneses</a> moved to the Kingdom of Motael due to the Topasse threat.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47–48">: 47–48 </span></sup> This 1769 founding of the city of <a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a> was the first effective European occupation in the east of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shift was accompanied by renewed relations between Portugal and more Eastern kingdoms, and control in Maubara became again contested.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47–49">: 47–49 </span></sup> </p><p>The sandalwood trade proved highly profitable, although Portugal was unable to establish a desired monopoly. Instead, the harvesting and trade of sandalwood was uncontrolled. The lack of Portuguese authority outside of Dili left harvesting under the control of local rulers, and no cooperation was sought by Portugal from these local rulers. There was also little cooperation from the local population, many of whom believed sandalwood trees were home to spirits. Nonetheless, the wood became so important to the colony that it could be used to pay taxes. The lack of control meant that sandalwood forests were not maintained, and as they disappeared throughout the 18th century the sandalwood trade declined. Imports at Macau become mixed in with sandalwood from other export markets, such as <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Mendon%C3%A7a_C%C3%B4rte-Real&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António de Mendonça Côrte-Real (page does not exist)">António de Mendonça Côrte-Real</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Mendon%C3%A7a_C%C3%B4rte-Real" class="extiw" title="de:António de Mendonça Côrte-Real">de</a>]</span>, Governor from 1807–1810, blamed a failure to harvest on local conflicts and the seizure of trading ships by the English.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87–90">: 87–90 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> in the early 1800s saw Dutch and Portuguese influence weaken again, as Portugal saw its shipping interrupted and Dutch territories in the area were occupied by the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> forces. However, local authorities for both continued to contest control on Timor. This period saw Dutch claims to Maubara win out. When the Dutch regained control of their territories in 1816, <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crops</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a> were spread, including to Maubara, where coffee grew well. Direct control however remained limited to non-existent.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 49–53">: 49–53 </span></sup> </p><p>A fire in Dili destroyed the existing records of the colony in 1799. New instructions were issued by the Viceroy in Goa in 5 April 1811, to deal with the "decadent and abandoned state of the island of Timor". In 1815, a new Governor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Pinto_Alcoforado_de_Azevedo_e_Sousa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa (page does not exist)">José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pinto_Alcoforado_de_Azevedo_e_Sousa" class="extiw" title="de:José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa">de</a>]</span>, began to promote the cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 89–91, 93">: 89–91, 93 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detachment_of_Portuguese_Timor_from_Portuguese_India">Detachment of Portuguese Timor from Portuguese India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Detachment of Portuguese Timor from Portuguese India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1844 Timor, along with Macau, become administratively separated from Goa. In 1866 Timor was placed under the control of Macau, and officially divided into 11 districts. Effective control however remained with local rulers throughout this period, and development remained limited to Dili.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91">: 91 </span></sup> Coffee production continued to expand, becoming especially prominent in the north coast near Dili, such as in <a href="/wiki/Liqui%C3%A7%C3%A1" title="Liquiçá">Liquiçá</a>, Motael, and <a href="/wiki/Hatulia_Administrative_Post" title="Hatulia Administrative Post">Hatulia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 93">: 93 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima.jpg/170px-Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima.jpg/255px-Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima.jpg/340px-Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese Governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Joaquim Lopes de Lima (page does not exist)">José Joaquim Lopes de Lima</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima" class="extiw" title="de:José Joaquim Lopes de Lima">de</a>]</span>, who without authorisation agreed on new borders with Dutch authorities.</figcaption></figure> <p>Conflicts with the Dutch continued throughout this period, entwined with shifting loyalties of local rulers. This led to three treaties being signed to define <a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Indonesia_border" title="East Timor–Indonesia border">the border</a>, in 1851, 1854, and 1859. Through these, Portugal ceded its remaining territory and claims on Flores and the Solor islands, while the Netherlands ceded <a href="/wiki/Maubara" title="Maubara">Maubara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citrana" title="Citrana">Citrana</a> to Portugal, and dropped its claim on <a href="/wiki/Atauro" title="Atauro">Atauro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87–88">: 87–88 </span></sup> The 1851 treaty which included these territorial arrangements was initiated by Portuguese Governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Joaquim Lopes de Lima (page does not exist)">José Joaquim Lopes de Lima</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Lopes_de_Lima" class="extiw" title="de:José Joaquim Lopes de Lima">de</a>]</span>, who sought negotiations with officials in Kupang and <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> shortly after his arrival to Timor in 1851. This was done without consulting authorities in Portugal, who upon hearing about the deal thought it too favourable to the Dutch. Lisbon revoked Timor's autonomy, and Lopes de Lima fled to Batavia rather than return to Portugal. The 1854 border treaty was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Dutch House of Representatives</a>, who felt it did not protect religious liberty.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 54–55">: 54–55 </span></sup> The final 1859 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon_(1859)" title="Treaty of Lisbon (1859)">Treaty of Lisbon</a> stood in place until 1913, when the Portuguese and Dutch formally agreed to split the island between them.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz199-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The definitive border was established by the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a> in 1914 and ratified in 1916; it remains the international boundary between East Timor and Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1859 border treaty was not implemented all at once, with local transfers out of sync with the official ratification in August 1860. Rebellions against Portuguese rule broke out to the east and west of Dili in 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58–59">: 58–59 </span></sup> This revolt saw forces from Laclo and Ulmera lay siege to Dili. The Portuguese sought assistance from other kingdoms, and managed to suppress the revolt. Further military battles occurred over succeeding years, until 1888 when the thirteen kingdoms of the island's east swore fealty to Portugal. This did not however secure Portuguese control over the whole territory, as kingdoms in other areas remained effectively autonomous.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coffee soon became the territory's primary export, to the point where some sandalwood forest recovered. There was a small renaissance in the sandalwood trade in the 1850s, including wood smuggled across the border in order to obtain valuable <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Indies_gulden" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Indies gulden">Dutch currency</a>. This collapsed in the 1860s, as new sources elsewhere depressed prices. Then Governor <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Castro" title="Afonso de Castro">Afonso de Castro</a> shifted the focus of exports to coffee. Efforts began to regrow sandalwood forests at the same time, a four decade process. However, success was hindered by insufficient knowledge of the trees' biology, which require other tree species to obtain nutrients.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 89–91, 93">: 89–91, 93 </span></sup> </p><p>For the Portuguese, their colony of Portuguese Timor remained little more than a neglected trading post until the late nineteenth century. Investment in infrastructure, health, and education was minimal. Sandalwood remained the main export crop with coffee exports becoming significant in the mid-nineteenth century. In places where Portuguese rule was asserted, it tended to be brutal and exploitative.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz198-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Celestino_da_Silva" title="José Celestino da Silva">José Celestino da Silva</a> became Governor in 1894 and sought to establish "full and effective control" in the colony in line with international norms arising from the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference">Berlin Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 97">: 97 </span></sup> The autonomy and persistent rebellions of many kingdoms was viewed as an embarrassment, a view influenced by rebellions in Africa and the humiliation of the <a href="/wiki/1890_British_Ultimatum" title="1890 British Ultimatum">1890 British Ultimatum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at first proposing to sell the colony due to its underdevelopment, da Silva quickly shifted towards reforms, and sought complete autonomy from Macau.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 94">: 94 </span></sup> The first military campaign in 1895 headed west to Obulo and Marobo. Those rebelling held off this force with the support of their allies, leading to 6,000 reinforcements being sent in April. After quashing the revolt in Obulo, the commander marched the troops further without permission from Dili, and his forces were defeated and he was killed. This killing increased the desire of Portugal to properly control the territory, and to da Silva began further brutal campaigns alongside local allies. Some kingdoms were completely wiped out, with leaders and populations either dead or displaced to Dutch-controlled territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da Silva's campaign continued west to east, assisted by local allies. A new administrative structure was imposed in some areas alongside direct taxation of residents, bypassing traditional rulers. New restrictions were placed on the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka Chinese</a>, with greater government control over economic activities and taxes. Basic infrastructure such as roads were created, as well as some funding for schools,<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 98–99">: 98–99 </span></sup> although it remained very limited.<sup id="cite_ref-Lundhal2019_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundhal2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 269, 273">: 269, 273 </span></sup> In the north, land was prepared for coffee cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 98–99">: 98–99 </span></sup> Such land was often directly seized or purchased under duress, with land rights often going to Portuguese. Locals were required to work on these plantations.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104">: 104 </span></sup> Traditional cultural practices were discouraged, as was identification with specific local kingdoms, both of which weakened traditional rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108">: 108 </span></sup> In 1897 Timor was separated from Macau.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91">: 91 </span></sup> The military campaigns meant that Portugal had established effective control even of the island's interior.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portuguese authorities created an administrative structure based on the existing kingdoms, while also creating a new level of administration under them, the <i>suco</i>. This new level was created around villages, or groups of villages linked by kinship. These new administrative boundaries thus reflected family ties, and strengthened family power as villages gained administrative power. This created a permanent shift of powers from the level of the kingdom to that of the villages. Da reduced the power of local kings, and even eliminated smaller and more disloyal kingdoms. Implementation of the head tax required a census, and depended on the loyalty of the local leaders who would be responsible for collection. He also sought to impose a <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">head tax</a> which collected tax from each household, necessitating a census of the territory to count these households. The head tax was imposed by Silva's successor, Eduardo Augusto Marques, once the census was complete. The needs of the census meant power at this time also flowed to leaders of <i>aldeias</i>, a smaller unit that <i>sucos</i> whose leaders were responsible for some tax collection and were given formal military ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-Scambary2021_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scambary2021-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 279">: 279 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_twentieth_century">Early twentieth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early twentieth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timor_1914.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Timor_1914.png/290px-Timor_1914.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Timor_1914.png/435px-Timor_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Timor_1914.png/580px-Timor_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="3602" data-file-height="2487" /></a><figcaption>1914 Portuguese map of Portuguese Timor and Dili.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the beginning of the twentieth century, a faltering home economy prompted the Portuguese to extract greater wealth from its colonies, resulting in increased resistance to Portuguese rule in Portuguese Timor.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz199-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1904 treaty with the Dutch removed some enclaves, with <a href="/wiki/Maucatar_Administrative_Post" title="Maucatar Administrative Post">Maucatar</a> being ceded to Portugal and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noimuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noimuti (page does not exist)">Noimuti</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noimuti" class="extiw" title="de:Noimuti">de</a>]</span> being ceded to the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>José Celestino da Silva returned to Portugal in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 107">: 107 </span></sup> Governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filomeno_da_C%C3%A2mara_de_Melo_Cabral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral (page does not exist)">Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomeno_da_C%C3%A2mara_de_Melo_Cabral" class="extiw" title="de:Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral">de</a>]</span>, who arrived in 1910, increased the head tax to 2.5 patacas, instead of just 1, prompting some to leave to Dutch-controlled territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Failure to pay the tax often led individuals to indentured labour on coffee plantations, or service to richer individuals who paid the tax on their behalf. A census was begun annually to facilitate tax collection, initially counting just men of taxable age, and later collecting age and sex data.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2010_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 253–254">: 253–254 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">1910 overthrowing of the Portuguese Monarchy</a> was announced in Dili three weeks after the event. This republicanism concerned local rulers, adding to existing tensions over new and higher taxes. <a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_rebellion_of_1911%E2%80%931912" title="East Timorese rebellion of 1911–1912">Separate uprisings</a> began throughout the island, which were eventually defeated by colonial forces and local allies.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 100–101">: 100–101 </span></sup> To defeat this revolt Portugal brought in troops from the Portuguese colonies of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a>, and the war saw the deaths of 3,000 Portuguese Timorese.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz199-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining power of the kings further diminished after the <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">5 October 1910 revolution</a>, especially as many Timorese kings were monarchist sympathisers. The kings were reduced to operating <a href="/wiki/Administrative_posts_of_East_Timor" title="Administrative posts of East Timor">Administrative posts</a> on behalf of the Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-Scambary2021_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scambary2021-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 280">: 280 </span></sup> </p><p>Colonial policy shifted back towards using indigenous rulers as figureheads, sometimes installing new more cooperative rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102–103">: 102–103 </span></sup> Efforts to repress local customs were reversed, with the intention of coopting such practices instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108">: 108 </span></sup> Coffee plantations continued to expand, and taxes were increased. Many Portuguese males who gained control of coffee plantations married local women, leading to a growing <a href="/wiki/Mesti%C3%A7o" title="Mestiço">mestiço</a> population. Immigration also increased the Chinese population in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104–105">: 104–105 </span></sup> </p><p>On 16 September 1901 sandalwood harvesting was banned along much of the north coast, as was <a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a> agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 94">: 94 </span></sup> Despite the ban on harvesting, sandalwood exports continued to rise until 1913. A drop in the years afterwards led to Governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimundo_Enes_Meira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimundo Enes Meira (page does not exist)">Raimundo Enes Meira</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimundo_Enes_Meira" class="extiw" title="pt:Raimundo Enes Meira">pt</a>]</span> banning all sandalwood harvesting and export on 15 February 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 94">: 94 </span></sup> In 1929 a localised easing of this ban was issued by Governor <a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Duarte" title="Teófilo Duarte">Teófilo Duarte</a> for <a href="/wiki/Oecusse" title="Oecusse">Oecusse</a>, a response to slightly better existing stock, smuggling to Dutch Timor, and a lack of control of the exclave. New replanting efforts begun in 1946 by Governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%93scar_Freire_de_Vasconcelos_Ruas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas (page does not exist)">Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93scar_Freire_de_Vasconcelos_Ruas" class="extiw" title="de:Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas">de</a>]</span> also failed, and by 1975 sandalwood trees were found only in Oecusse, <a href="/wiki/Cova_Lima_Municipality" title="Cova Lima Municipality">Cova Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobonaro_Municipality" title="Bobonaro Municipality">Bobonaro</a>, and pockets of the northern coast. No restoration efforts took place under Indonesian rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 95">: 95 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_(1932_proposal).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281932_proposal%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281932_proposal%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281932_proposal%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281932_proposal%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281932_proposal%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281932_proposal%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Proposed flag for Portuguese Timor (1932).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grupo_de_deportados_em_D%C3%ADli,_Timor_(1932).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Grupo_de_deportados_em_D%C3%ADli%2C_Timor_%281932%29.jpg/220px-Grupo_de_deportados_em_D%C3%ADli%2C_Timor_%281932%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Grupo_de_deportados_em_D%C3%ADli%2C_Timor_%281932%29.jpg/330px-Grupo_de_deportados_em_D%C3%ADli%2C_Timor_%281932%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Grupo_de_deportados_em_D%C3%ADli%2C_Timor_%281932%29.jpg/440px-Grupo_de_deportados_em_D%C3%ADli%2C_Timor_%281932%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1802" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>Group of political deportees in Timor, 1932.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">military coup</a> in Portugal and the subsequent rise of dictator <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a> saw racial categories becoming fully codified, separating the bulk of the native population, who were designated as uncivilised, from the white settlers, mestiços, and the <a href="/wiki/Assimilado" title="Assimilado">assimilados</a> (natives considered to have become civilised and assimilated).<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108">: 108 </span></sup> The colony was seen as an economic burden during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, and received little support or management from Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-Lundhal2019_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundhal2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 269">: 269 </span></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> semi-governmental <i><a href="/wiki/Nan%27y%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dhatsu" title="Nan'yō Kōhatsu">Nan'yō Kōhatsu</a></i> development company, with the secret sponsorship of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> (IJN), invested heavily in a joint-venture with the primary plantation company of Portuguese Timor, SAPT. The joint-venture effectively controlled imports and exports into the island by the mid-1930s and the extension of Japanese interests greatly concerned the British, Dutch and Australian authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Post_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Regulo_Evaristo_de_S%C3%A1_Benevides.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Memorial_Regulo_Evaristo_de_S%C3%A1_Benevides.jpg/170px-Memorial_Regulo_Evaristo_de_S%C3%A1_Benevides.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Memorial_Regulo_Evaristo_de_S%C3%A1_Benevides.jpg/255px-Memorial_Regulo_Evaristo_de_S%C3%A1_Benevides.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Memorial_Regulo_Evaristo_de_S%C3%A1_Benevides.jpg/340px-Memorial_Regulo_Evaristo_de_S%C3%A1_Benevides.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to chief Evaristo de Sá Benevides.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Portugal was neutral during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in December 1941, Portuguese Timor was occupied by a small British, Australian and Dutch force, to preempt a Japanese invasion. However, the Japanese did invade in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timor" title="Battle of Timor">Battle of Timor</a> in February 1942. Under Japanese occupation, the borders of the Dutch and Portuguese were ignored with Timor island being made a single <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> (IJA) administration zone.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor379_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor379-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of Portugal's neutrality, the Japanese left the Portuguese governor in place and in formal control of <a href="/wiki/Liqui%C3%A7%C3%A1_Municipality" title="Liquiçá Municipality">Liquiçá</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 109">: 109 </span></sup> 400 Australian and Dutch commandos trapped on the island by the Japanese invasion waged a <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> campaign in the mountainous interior, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timor_(1942%E2%80%9343)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Timor (1942–43)">Battle of Timor</a>, which tied up Japanese troops and inflicted over 1,000 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz199-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Timorese and the Portuguese helped the guerrillas but following the Allies' eventual evacuation, Japanese retribution from their soldiers and Timorese militia (the <a href="/wiki/Black_Columns" title="Black Columns">Black Columns</a>) raised in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Timor">Dutch Timor</a> was severe.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor379_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor379-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the War, an estimated 40–60,000 Timorese had died, the economy was in ruins, and famine widespread.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz199-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Japanese rule, there were changes to the administrative structures that created larger districts (the former kingdoms) and a reduced number of <i>suco</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scambary2021_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scambary2021-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 280">: 280 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-WWII">Post-WWII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-WWII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_(1935%E2%80%931975,_lesser).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281935%E2%80%931975%2C_lesser%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281935%E2%80%931975%2C_lesser%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281935%E2%80%931975%2C_lesser%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281935%E2%80%931975%2C_lesser%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281935%E2%80%931975%2C_lesser%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281935%E2%80%931975%2C_lesser%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese Timor Arms (1935–1975)<sup id="cite_ref-Flags_of_the_World_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flags_of_the_World-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Following World War II, the Portuguese promptly returned to reclaim their colony, while Dutch Timor became part of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> as Indonesian Timor, when it <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">secured its independence</a> in 1949. </p><p>Keen to maintain its colonies under the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Lusotropicalism" title="Lusotropicalism">Lusotropicalism</a>, Portugal formally declared Timor as an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_province" title="Overseas province">Overseas province</a>. A small increase in education, infrastructure, and health development was coupled with increased repression. The international pressure for decolonisation and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">unrest in Portuguese Africa</a> had little impact internally in Portuguese Timor, where identities remained linked to local kingdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111–113">: 111–113 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1959_Viqueque_rebellion" title="1959 Viqueque rebellion">1959 Viqueque rebellion</a> saw the only post-WWII violent resistance to Portuguese rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoadley1976_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoadley1976-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 411">: 411 </span></sup> </p><p>To rebuild the economy, colonial administrators forced local chiefs to supply labourers which further damaged the agricultural sector.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz199-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coffee exports were promoted by the government. However, the economy did not improve substantially, and infrastructure improvements were limited.<sup id="cite_ref-Lundhal2019_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundhal2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 269">: 269 </span></sup> Growth rates remained low, near 2%.<sup id="cite_ref-TL_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The role of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in Portuguese Timor grew following the Portuguese government handing over the education of the Timorese to the Church in 1941. In post-war Portuguese Timor, primary and secondary school education levels significantly increased, albeit on a very low base. </p><p>Although illiteracy in 1973 was estimated at 93 percent of the population, the small educated elite of Portuguese Timorese produced by the Church in the 1960s and 1970s became the independence leaders during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Occupation_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Occupation of East Timor">Indonesian occupation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz199-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the end of their rule, Portugal provided around USD 5 million per year to East Timor.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoadley1976_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoadley1976-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 411">: 411 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_Portuguese_rule">End of Portuguese rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: End of Portuguese rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">Indonesian invasion of East Timor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">Indonesian occupation of East Timor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atabae_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Atabae_4.jpg/220px-Atabae_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Atabae_4.jpg/330px-Atabae_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Atabae_4.jpg/440px-Atabae_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Atabae" title="Atabae">Atabae</a> (1970)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_(1965_proposal).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281965_proposal%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281965_proposal%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281965_proposal%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281965_proposal%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281965_proposal%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Portuguese_Timor_%281965_proposal%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Proposed flag for Portuguese Timor (1965).</figcaption></figure> <p>Following a 1974 coup (the "<a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a>"), the new <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government of Portugal</a> favoured the immediate decolonisation process for Portuguese territories in Asia and Africa. When Portuguese Timorese political parties were first legalised in April 1974, three major players emerged. The <a href="/wiki/Timorese_Democratic_Union" title="Timorese Democratic Union">Timorese Democratic Union</a> (UDT) was dedicated to preserving Portuguese Timor as a protectorate of Portugal, and in September announced its support for independence.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was formed by members of the existing <a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Portugal)" title="National Union (Portugal)">National Action Party</a> and plantation owners. <a href="/wiki/Fretilin" title="Fretilin">Fretilin</a>, formed by trade unionists and anti-colonialists,<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> endorsed "<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">the universal doctrines of socialism</a>", as well as "the right to independence",<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later declared itself "<a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">the only legitimate representative of the people</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third party, <a href="/wiki/APODETI" class="mw-redirect" title="APODETI">APODETI</a>, emerged advocating Portuguese Timor's integration with Indonesia<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expressing concerns that an independent East Timor would be economically weak and vulnerable.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other minor political parties emerged as well: the monarchist <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Timorese_Heroes" title="Association of Timorese Heroes">Association of Timorese Heroes</a>, a small party advocating union with Australia, and the <a href="/wiki/Timorese_Labour_Party" title="Timorese Labour Party">Timorese Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoadley1976_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoadley1976-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 411">: 411 </span></sup> The rapid political changes fed down to the local level, where political allegiance was affected by existing internal divisions and intra-suco divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 125">: 125 </span></sup> Apodeti gained little support outside of <a href="/wiki/Atsabe_Administrative_Post" title="Atsabe Administrative Post">Atsabe Administrative Post</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoadley1976_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoadley1976-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 412">: 412 </span></sup> </p><p>On 14 November 1974, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Lemos_Pires" title="Mário Lemos Pires">Mário Lemos Pires</a> - an Army officer - was appointed by the new Portuguese Government as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Portuguese Timor. </p><p>Meanwhile, the political dispute between the Portuguese Timorese parties soon gave rise to <a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_civil_war" title="East Timorese civil war">an armed conflict</a>, that included the participation of members of the Colonial Police and Timorese soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Portuguese Army</a>. </p><p>In August, a UDT faction seized control of government buildings in Dili and began to arrest members of Fretilin. While hundreds were arrested, most of the Fretilin leadership escaped south to <a href="/wiki/Aileu_Municipality" title="Aileu Municipality">Aileu</a>. While there were some similar actions in other towns, UDT was unable to build upon its initial surprise action. Fretilin, with the support of much of the former colonial armed forces, began a counter-attack on 20 August.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 123–124">: 123–124 </span></sup> </p><p>Unable to control the conflict with the few Portuguese troops that he had at his disposal, Lemos Pires decided to leave Dili with his staff and transfer the seat of the administration to <a href="/wiki/Atauro_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Atauro Island">Atauro Island</a> (located 25 km off Dili) in late August 1975. At the same time, he requested <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> to send military reinforcements, the request being responded with the sending of a warship, the NRP <i>Afonso Cerqueira</i>, which arrived in Portuguese Timorese waters in early October. </p><p>On 28 November 1975, Fretilin unilaterally declared the colony's independence, as the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_East_Timor_(1975)" title="Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975)">Democratic Republic of East Timor</a> (<i>República Democrática de Timor-Leste</i>). </p><p>Representatives of UDT and APODETI, encouraged by Indonesian intelligence, declared that the territory should become part of Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 December 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">Indonesian Armed Forces launched an invasion of East Timor</a>. At 3:00 a.m., the two Portuguese corvettes, the NRP <i>João Roby</i> and NRP <i>Afonso Cerqueira</i>, anchored near Atauro, detected on the radar a high number of unidentified air and naval targets approaching. They soon identified the targets as Indonesian military aircraft and warships, which initiated an assault against Dili. Lemos Pires and his staff then left Atauro, embarked on the Portuguese warships, and headed to <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. </p><p>The <i>João Roby</i> and <i>Afonso Cerqueira</i> were ordered to continue patrolling the waters around the former Portuguese Timor, in preparation of possible military action to respond to the Indonesian invasion, constituting the naval task force UO 20.1.2 (latter renamed FORNAVTIMOR). Portugal sent a third warship to the region, the NRP <i>Oliveira e Carmo</i>, which arrived on 31 January 1976 and replaced the NRP <i>Afonso Cerqueira</i>. The Portuguese warships would continue in the region until May 1976, when the remaining NRP <i>Oliveira e Carmo</i> left, going back to Lisbon, at a time when a military action to expel the Indonesian forces was clearly seen as unviable. </p><p>On 17 July 1976, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">Indonesia formally annexed East Timor, declaring it as its 27th province</a> and renaming it <a href="/wiki/East_Timor_(province)" title="East Timor (province)">Timor Timur</a>. The United Nations, however, did not recognise the annexation, continuing to consider Portugal as the legal Administering Power of what under international law was still Portuguese Timor. </p><p>Following the end of Indonesian occupation in 1999, and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Administration_in_East_Timor" title="United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor">a United Nations administered transition period</a>, East Timor became formally independent 20 May 2002. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Currency">Currency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Timorese currency was the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timorese_pataca" title="Portuguese Timorese pataca">Portuguese Timorese pataca</a>, introduced in 1894. </p><p>From 1959, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timorese_escudo" title="Portuguese Timorese escudo">Portuguese Timorese escudo</a> - linked to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_escudo" title="Portuguese escudo">Portuguese escudo</a> - was used. </p><p>In 1975, the currency ceased to exist as East Timor was annexed by Indonesia and began using the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UvA-BC_300.413_-_Siboga_-_inheemse_bewoners_van_Timor_op_een_rif_aan_de_oostkant_van_het_eiland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inhabitants of Portuguese Timor in 1900."><img alt="Inhabitants of Portuguese Timor in 1900." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/UvA-BC_300.413_-_Siboga_-_inheemse_bewoners_van_Timor_op_een_rif_aan_de_oostkant_van_het_eiland.jpg/252px-UvA-BC_300.413_-_Siboga_-_inheemse_bewoners_van_Timor_op_een_rif_aan_de_oostkant_van_het_eiland.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/UvA-BC_300.413_-_Siboga_-_inheemse_bewoners_van_Timor_op_een_rif_aan_de_oostkant_van_het_eiland.jpg/378px-UvA-BC_300.413_-_Siboga_-_inheemse_bewoners_van_Timor_op_een_rif_aan_de_oostkant_van_het_eiland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/UvA-BC_300.413_-_Siboga_-_inheemse_bewoners_van_Timor_op_een_rif_aan_de_oostkant_van_het_eiland.jpg/504px-UvA-BC_300.413_-_Siboga_-_inheemse_bewoners_van_Timor_op_een_rif_aan_de_oostkant_van_het_eiland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2034" data-file-height="1452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inhabitants of Portuguese Timor in 1900.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JRD_-_Timor_Portugu%C3%AAs_%E2%80%93_Tipos_e_Costumes_(Um_chefe_%E2%80%9Cdato%E2%80%9D).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timorean dato in 1900."><img alt="Timorean dato in 1900." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/JRD_-_Timor_Portugu%C3%AAs_%E2%80%93_Tipos_e_Costumes_%28Um_chefe_%E2%80%9Cdato%E2%80%9D%29.jpg/114px-JRD_-_Timor_Portugu%C3%AAs_%E2%80%93_Tipos_e_Costumes_%28Um_chefe_%E2%80%9Cdato%E2%80%9D%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/JRD_-_Timor_Portugu%C3%AAs_%E2%80%93_Tipos_e_Costumes_%28Um_chefe_%E2%80%9Cdato%E2%80%9D%29.jpg/170px-JRD_-_Timor_Portugu%C3%AAs_%E2%80%93_Tipos_e_Costumes_%28Um_chefe_%E2%80%9Cdato%E2%80%9D%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/JRD_-_Timor_Portugu%C3%AAs_%E2%80%93_Tipos_e_Costumes_%28Um_chefe_%E2%80%9Cdato%E2%80%9D%29.jpg/227px-JRD_-_Timor_Portugu%C3%AAs_%E2%80%93_Tipos_e_Costumes_%28Um_chefe_%E2%80%9Cdato%E2%80%9D%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timorean dato in 1900.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:16981_-_Entrada_do_Campo_Militar_de_Taibessi_(1938).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument on the road to the military camp at Tai Bessi in 1938."><img alt="Monument on the road to the military camp at Tai Bessi in 1938." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/16981_-_Entrada_do_Campo_Militar_de_Taibessi_%281938%29.jpg/249px-16981_-_Entrada_do_Campo_Militar_de_Taibessi_%281938%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/16981_-_Entrada_do_Campo_Militar_de_Taibessi_%281938%29.jpg/374px-16981_-_Entrada_do_Campo_Militar_de_Taibessi_%281938%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/16981_-_Entrada_do_Campo_Militar_de_Taibessi_%281938%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument on the road to the military camp at Tai Bessi in 1938.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ant%C3%B3nio_Macedo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese commander with local troops in Balibo (1930s)"><img alt="Portuguese commander with local troops in Balibo (1930s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ant%C3%B3nio_Macedo.jpg/210px-Ant%C3%B3nio_Macedo.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ant%C3%B3nio_Macedo.jpg/315px-Ant%C3%B3nio_Macedo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ant%C3%B3nio_Macedo.jpg/419px-Ant%C3%B3nio_Macedo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese commander with local troops in <a href="/wiki/Balibo" title="Balibo">Balibo</a> (1930s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 167.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:17009_-_Miss%C3%B5es_Cat%C3%B3licas_em_Timor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Catholic ceremony in Timor in 1940."><img alt="Catholic ceremony in Timor in 1940." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/17009_-_Miss%C3%B5es_Cat%C3%B3licas_em_Timor.jpg/248px-17009_-_Miss%C3%B5es_Cat%C3%B3licas_em_Timor.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/17009_-_Miss%C3%B5es_Cat%C3%B3licas_em_Timor.jpg/373px-17009_-_Miss%C3%B5es_Cat%C3%B3licas_em_Timor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/17009_-_Miss%C3%B5es_Cat%C3%B3licas_em_Timor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Catholic ceremony in Timor in 1940.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DILI,_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-24._WELCOME_BY_THE_PORTUGUESE_GOVERNOR,_SENHOR_MANUEL_FERREIRA_DE_CARVALHO.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese governor Senhor Manuel Ferreira de Carvalho welcomes the Australians in 1945."><img alt="Portuguese governor Senhor Manuel Ferreira de Carvalho welcomes the Australians in 1945." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-24._WELCOME_BY_THE_PORTUGUESE_GOVERNOR%2C_SENHOR_MANUEL_FERREIRA_DE_CARVALHO.JPG/233px-DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-24._WELCOME_BY_THE_PORTUGUESE_GOVERNOR%2C_SENHOR_MANUEL_FERREIRA_DE_CARVALHO.JPG" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-24._WELCOME_BY_THE_PORTUGUESE_GOVERNOR%2C_SENHOR_MANUEL_FERREIRA_DE_CARVALHO.JPG/349px-DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-24._WELCOME_BY_THE_PORTUGUESE_GOVERNOR%2C_SENHOR_MANUEL_FERREIRA_DE_CARVALHO.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-24._WELCOME_BY_THE_PORTUGUESE_GOVERNOR%2C_SENHOR_MANUEL_FERREIRA_DE_CARVALHO.JPG/466px-DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-24._WELCOME_BY_THE_PORTUGUESE_GOVERNOR%2C_SENHOR_MANUEL_FERREIRA_DE_CARVALHO.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="495" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese governor Senhor Manuel Ferreira de Carvalho welcomes the Australians in 1945. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TAI_BESSI,_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-12-24._IN_THIS_BUILDING,_LIEUTENANT_J._GARNET,_2-2ND_INDEPENDENT_COMPANY,_MET_PORTUGUESE_NATIONALS_DURING_THE_JAPANESE_OCCUPATION..JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="House where Australian soldiers and Portuguese nationals met during the Japanese occupation at Tai Bessi."><img alt="House where Australian soldiers and Portuguese nationals met during the Japanese occupation at Tai Bessi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TAI_BESSI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-12-24._IN_THIS_BUILDING%2C_LIEUTENANT_J._GARNET%2C_2-2ND_INDEPENDENT_COMPANY%2C_MET_PORTUGUESE_NATIONALS_DURING_THE_JAPANESE_OCCUPATION..JPG/231px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TAI_BESSI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-12-24._IN_THIS_BUILDING%2C_LIEUTENANT_J._GARNET%2C_2-2ND_INDEPENDENT_COMPANY%2C_MET_PORTUGUESE_NATIONALS_DURING_THE_JAPANESE_OCCUPATION..JPG/346px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TAI_BESSI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-12-24._IN_THIS_BUILDING%2C_LIEUTENANT_J._GARNET%2C_2-2ND_INDEPENDENT_COMPANY%2C_MET_PORTUGUESE_NATIONALS_DURING_THE_JAPANESE_OCCUPATION..JPG/462px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="499" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">House where Australian soldiers and Portuguese nationals met during the Japanese occupation at Tai Bessi.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DILI,_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-29._THE_PORTUGUESE_SLOOPS_GONCALVES_ZARCO_AND_Bartolomeu_Dias_AT_ANCHOR_IN_DILI_HARBOUR.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese sloop Gonçalves Zarco and Bartolomeu Dias at anchor in Dili in 1945."><img alt="Portuguese sloop Gonçalves Zarco and Bartolomeu Dias at anchor in Dili in 1945." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-29._THE_PORTUGUESE_SLOOPS_GONCALVES_ZARCO_AND_Bartolomeu_Dias_AT_ANCHOR_IN_DILI_HARBOUR.JPG/231px-DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-29._THE_PORTUGUESE_SLOOPS_GONCALVES_ZARCO_AND_Bartolomeu_Dias_AT_ANCHOR_IN_DILI_HARBOUR.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-29._THE_PORTUGUESE_SLOOPS_GONCALVES_ZARCO_AND_Bartolomeu_Dias_AT_ANCHOR_IN_DILI_HARBOUR.JPG/346px-DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-29._THE_PORTUGUESE_SLOOPS_GONCALVES_ZARCO_AND_Bartolomeu_Dias_AT_ANCHOR_IN_DILI_HARBOUR.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-29._THE_PORTUGUESE_SLOOPS_GONCALVES_ZARCO_AND_Bartolomeu_Dias_AT_ANCHOR_IN_DILI_HARBOUR.JPG/462px-DILI%2C_PORTUGUESE_TIMOR_1945-09-29._THE_PORTUGUESE_SLOOPS_GONCALVES_ZARCO_AND_Bartolomeu_Dias_AT_ANCHOR_IN_DILI_HARBOUR.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="499" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese sloop Gonçalves Zarco and Bartolomeu Dias at anchor in Dili in 1945.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:16821_-_Ind%C3%ADgenas_ao_servi%C3%A7o_da_Miss%C3%A3o_Geogr%C3%A1fica_de_Timor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timoreans in the service of the "Timor Geographical Mission"."><img alt="Timoreans in the service of the "Timor Geographical Mission"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/16821_-_Ind%C3%ADgenas_ao_servi%C3%A7o_da_Miss%C3%A3o_Geogr%C3%A1fica_de_Timor.jpg/263px-16821_-_Ind%C3%ADgenas_ao_servi%C3%A7o_da_Miss%C3%A3o_Geogr%C3%A1fica_de_Timor.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/16821_-_Ind%C3%ADgenas_ao_servi%C3%A7o_da_Miss%C3%A3o_Geogr%C3%A1fica_de_Timor.jpg/394px-16821_-_Ind%C3%ADgenas_ao_servi%C3%A7o_da_Miss%C3%A3o_Geogr%C3%A1fica_de_Timor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/16821_-_Ind%C3%ADgenas_ao_servi%C3%A7o_da_Miss%C3%A3o_Geogr%C3%A1fica_de_Timor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="329" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timoreans in the service of the "Timor Geographical Mission".</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_1966,_Dancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timorean dancers in 1966."><img alt="Timorean dancers in 1966." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Portuguese_Timor_1966%2C_Dancers.jpg/271px-Portuguese_Timor_1966%2C_Dancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Portuguese_Timor_1966%2C_Dancers.jpg/407px-Portuguese_Timor_1966%2C_Dancers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Portuguese_Timor_1966%2C_Dancers.jpg/542px-Portuguese_Timor_1966%2C_Dancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1662" data-file-height="1104" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timorean dancers in 1966.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:17241_-_Assembleia_dos_Funcion%C3%A1rios_de_Timor_-_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Assembly house of employees of Timor."><img alt="Assembly house of employees of Timor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/17241_-_Assembleia_dos_Funcion%C3%A1rios_de_Timor_-_1938.jpg/257px-17241_-_Assembleia_dos_Funcion%C3%A1rios_de_Timor_-_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/17241_-_Assembleia_dos_Funcion%C3%A1rios_de_Timor_-_1938.jpg/386px-17241_-_Assembleia_dos_Funcion%C3%A1rios_de_Timor_-_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/17241_-_Assembleia_dos_Funcion%C3%A1rios_de_Timor_-_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Assembly house of employees of Timor.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edif%C3%ADcio_do_Comado_Militar_de_Manu-Fahi_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Military command house at Manu-Fahi in 1908."><img alt="Military command house at Manu-Fahi in 1908." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edif%C3%ADcio_do_Comado_Militar_de_Manu-Fahi_1908.jpg/279px-Edif%C3%ADcio_do_Comado_Militar_de_Manu-Fahi_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edif%C3%ADcio_do_Comado_Militar_de_Manu-Fahi_1908.jpg/419px-Edif%C3%ADcio_do_Comado_Militar_de_Manu-Fahi_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edif%C3%ADcio_do_Comado_Militar_de_Manu-Fahi_1908.jpg/558px-Edif%C3%ADcio_do_Comado_Militar_de_Manu-Fahi_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="516" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Military command house at Manu-Fahi in 1908.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BNU_-_SAPT_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Building of the Banco Nacional Ultramarino in 1950."><img alt="Building of the Banco Nacional Ultramarino in 1950." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BNU_-_SAPT_1950.jpg/247px-BNU_-_SAPT_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BNU_-_SAPT_1950.jpg/370px-BNU_-_SAPT_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BNU_-_SAPT_1950.jpg/493px-BNU_-_SAPT_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Building of the <i>Banco Nacional Ultramarino</i> in 1950.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casas_de_Tutuala_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timorean houses at Tutuala in 1966."><img alt="Timorean houses at Tutuala in 1966." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Casas_de_Tutuala_1966.jpg/277px-Casas_de_Tutuala_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Casas_de_Tutuala_1966.jpg/415px-Casas_de_Tutuala_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Casas_de_Tutuala_1966.jpg/553px-Casas_de_Tutuala_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="521" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timorean houses at Tutuala in 1966.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipo_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ind%C3%ADgena_-_Rosa_Pina_casa_em_Maluro,_Lore_I,_municipio_Laut%C3%A9m.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fortified Timorean residence in Maluro."><img alt="Fortified Timorean residence in Maluro." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tipo_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ind%C3%ADgena_-_Rosa_Pina_casa_em_Maluro%2C_Lore_I%2C_municipio_Laut%C3%A9m.jpg/128px-Tipo_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ind%C3%ADgena_-_Rosa_Pina_casa_em_Maluro%2C_Lore_I%2C_municipio_Laut%C3%A9m.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tipo_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ind%C3%ADgena_-_Rosa_Pina_casa_em_Maluro%2C_Lore_I%2C_municipio_Laut%C3%A9m.jpg/192px-Tipo_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ind%C3%ADgena_-_Rosa_Pina_casa_em_Maluro%2C_Lore_I%2C_municipio_Laut%C3%A9m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tipo_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ind%C3%ADgena_-_Rosa_Pina_casa_em_Maluro%2C_Lore_I%2C_municipio_Laut%C3%A9m.jpg/255px-Tipo_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ind%C3%ADgena_-_Rosa_Pina_casa_em_Maluro%2C_Lore_I%2C_municipio_Laut%C3%A9m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fortified Timorean residence in Maluro.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tutuala_-_08-1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tutuala village in 1966."><img alt="Tutuala village in 1966." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tutuala_-_08-1966.jpg/277px-Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tutuala_-_08-1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tutuala_-_08-1966.jpg/415px-Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tutuala_-_08-1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tutuala_-_08-1966.jpg/553px-Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tutuala_-_08-1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="521" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tutuala village in 1966.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1931_Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Lahane.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lahane Palace, governor's residence in 1931."><img alt="Lahane Palace, governor's residence in 1931." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1931_Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Lahane.jpg/253px-1931_Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Lahane.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1931_Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Lahane.jpg/380px-1931_Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Lahane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1931_Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Lahane.jpg/506px-1931_Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Lahane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lahane Palace, governor's residence in 1931.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antigo_Hospital_Portugu%C3%AAs_Lahane_2017-01-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Portuguese hospital at Lahane."><img alt="Former Portuguese hospital at Lahane." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Antigo_Hospital_Portugu%C3%AAs_Lahane_2017-01-27.jpg/240px-Antigo_Hospital_Portugu%C3%AAs_Lahane_2017-01-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Antigo_Hospital_Portugu%C3%AAs_Lahane_2017-01-27.jpg/360px-Antigo_Hospital_Portugu%C3%AAs_Lahane_2017-01-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Antigo_Hospital_Portugu%C3%AAs_Lahane_2017-01-27.jpg/480px-Antigo_Hospital_Portugu%C3%AAs_Lahane_2017-01-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former Portuguese hospital at Lahane.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2022-06-24_Dili_Harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese-built harbour installations at Dili."><img alt="Portuguese-built harbour installations at Dili." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2022-06-24_Dili_Harbour.jpg/250px-2022-06-24_Dili_Harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2022-06-24_Dili_Harbour.jpg/375px-2022-06-24_Dili_Harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2022-06-24_Dili_Harbour.jpg/500px-2022-06-24_Dili_Harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="691" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese-built harbour installations at Dili.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency_2">Currency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Timorescudo2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Timor 20 Escudos 1967"><img alt="Portuguese Timor 20 Escudos 1967" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Timorescudo2.jpg/236px-Timorescudo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Timorescudo2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="236" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Timor 20 Escudos 1967</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Timor-10-Avos-Coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="10 avos of Portuguese Timor."><img alt="10 avos of Portuguese Timor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Timor-10-Avos-Coin.jpg/179px-Timor-10-Avos-Coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Timor-10-Avos-Coin.jpg/268px-Timor-10-Avos-Coin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Timor-10-Avos-Coin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">10 avos of Portuguese Timor.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_Timor_hinten_1970.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="1970 Portuguese Timor escudos."><img alt="1970 Portuguese Timor escudos." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Escudo_Timor_hinten_1970.tif/lossy-page1-266px-Escudo_Timor_hinten_1970.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Escudo_Timor_hinten_1970.tif/lossy-page1-400px-Escudo_Timor_hinten_1970.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Escudo_Timor_hinten_1970.tif/lossy-page1-533px-Escudo_Timor_hinten_1970.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2402" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1970 Portuguese Timor escudos.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_Timor_vorn_1970.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="1970 Portuguese Timor escudos reverse."><img alt="1970 Portuguese Timor escudos reverse." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Escudo_Timor_vorn_1970.tif/lossy-page1-271px-Escudo_Timor_vorn_1970.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Escudo_Timor_vorn_1970.tif/lossy-page1-406px-Escudo_Timor_vorn_1970.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Escudo_Timor_vorn_1970.tif/lossy-page1-541px-Escudo_Timor_vorn_1970.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1970 Portuguese Timor escudos reverse.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Timor-1-Pataca-note.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Timor 1 pataca banknote."><img alt="Portuguese Timor 1 pataca banknote." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Timor-1-Pataca-note.jpg/199px-Timor-1-Pataca-note.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Timor-1-Pataca-note.jpg/298px-Timor-1-Pataca-note.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Timor-1-Pataca-note.jpg/397px-Timor-1-Pataca-note.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="515" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Timor 1 pataca banknote.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stamps">Stamps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Stamps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_stamp_%C2%BD_avo_1898_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Timor 1/2 avo 1898 stamp."><img alt="Portuguese Timor 1/2 avo 1898 stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_%C2%BD_avo_1898_issue.jpg/216px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_%C2%BD_avo_1898_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_%C2%BD_avo_1898_issue.jpg/323px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_%C2%BD_avo_1898_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_%C2%BD_avo_1898_issue.jpg/431px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_%C2%BD_avo_1898_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Timor 1/2 avo 1898 stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_51_stamp_(Arrival_at_Calicut,_India).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1898 1 avo stamp."><img alt="1898 1 avo stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_51_stamp_%28Arrival_at_Calicut%2C_India%29.jpg/246px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_51_stamp_%28Arrival_at_Calicut%2C_India%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_51_stamp_%28Arrival_at_Calicut%2C_India%29.jpg/369px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_51_stamp_%28Arrival_at_Calicut%2C_India%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_51_stamp_%28Arrival_at_Calicut%2C_India%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="303" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1898 1 avo stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_52_stamp_(Departure_at_Belem_07.07.1497).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1898 2 avos stamp."><img alt="1898 2 avos stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_52_stamp_%28Departure_at_Belem_07.07.1497%29.jpg/240px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_52_stamp_%28Departure_at_Belem_07.07.1497%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_52_stamp_%28Departure_at_Belem_07.07.1497%29.jpg/360px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_52_stamp_%28Departure_at_Belem_07.07.1497%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_52_stamp_%28Departure_at_Belem_07.07.1497%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1898 2 avos stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_53_stamp_(Archangel_Gabriel_and_Ship).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1898 4 avos stamp."><img alt="1898 4 avos stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_53_stamp_%28Archangel_Gabriel_and_Ship%29.jpg/133px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_53_stamp_%28Archangel_Gabriel_and_Ship%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_53_stamp_%28Archangel_Gabriel_and_Ship%29.jpg/199px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_53_stamp_%28Archangel_Gabriel_and_Ship%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_53_stamp_%28Archangel_Gabriel_and_Ship%29.jpg/266px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_53_stamp_%28Archangel_Gabriel_and_Ship%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1898 4 avos stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_54_stamp_(Flagship_Sao_Gabriel).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1898 8 avos stamp."><img alt="1898 8 avos stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_54_stamp_%28Flagship_Sao_Gabriel%29.jpg/133px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_54_stamp_%28Flagship_Sao_Gabriel%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_54_stamp_%28Flagship_Sao_Gabriel%29.jpg/200px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_54_stamp_%28Flagship_Sao_Gabriel%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_54_stamp_%28Flagship_Sao_Gabriel%29.jpg/267px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_54_stamp_%28Flagship_Sao_Gabriel%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="409" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1898 8 avos stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_56_stamp_(Arrival_of_the_Fleet).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1898 16 avos stamp."><img alt="1898 16 avos stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_56_stamp_%28Arrival_of_the_Fleet%29.jpg/249px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_56_stamp_%28Arrival_of_the_Fleet%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_56_stamp_%28Arrival_of_the_Fleet%29.jpg/373px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_56_stamp_%28Arrival_of_the_Fleet%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_56_stamp_%28Arrival_of_the_Fleet%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1898 16 avos stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_57_stamp_(Vasco_da_Gama_-_Discoverer_of_the_seaway_to_India).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1898 24 avos stamp."><img alt="1898 24 avos stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_57_stamp_%28Vasco_da_Gama_-_Discoverer_of_the_seaway_to_India%29.jpg/246px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_57_stamp_%28Vasco_da_Gama_-_Discoverer_of_the_seaway_to_India%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_57_stamp_%28Vasco_da_Gama_-_Discoverer_of_the_seaway_to_India%29.jpg/369px-Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_57_stamp_%28Vasco_da_Gama_-_Discoverer_of_the_seaway_to_India%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Portuguese_Timor_1898_Mi_57_stamp_%28Vasco_da_Gama_-_Discoverer_of_the_seaway_to_India%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="301" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1898 24 avos stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_stamp_7_Avos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Timor 7 avos stamp."><img alt="Portuguese Timor 7 avos stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_7_Avos.jpg/152px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_7_Avos.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_7_Avos.jpg/228px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_7_Avos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_7_Avos.jpg/304px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_7_Avos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Timor 7 avos stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_stamp_2_Avos_Ceres.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Timor 2 avos stamp."><img alt="Portuguese Timor 2 avos stamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_2_Avos_Ceres.jpg/132px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_2_Avos_Ceres.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_2_Avos_Ceres.jpg/198px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_2_Avos_Ceres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_2_Avos_Ceres.jpg/264px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_2_Avos_Ceres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Timor 2 avos stamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Timor_stamp_12_(15_)_Avos_Ceres.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stamp of Portuguese Timor."><img alt="Stamp of Portuguese Timor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_12_%2815_%29_Avos_Ceres.jpg/138px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_12_%2815_%29_Avos_Ceres.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_12_%2815_%29_Avos_Ceres.jpg/207px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_12_%2815_%29_Avos_Ceres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Portuguese_Timor_stamp_12_%2815_%29_Avos_Ceres.jpg/275px-Portuguese_Timor_stamp_12_%2815_%29_Avos_Ceres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stamp of Portuguese Timor.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/32px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/48px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/64px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:East_Timor" title="Portal:East Timor">East Timor portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Timor" title="History of East Timor">History of East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Portuguese_Timor" title="List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor">List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-West-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-West_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-West_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">West, p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. R. Boxer, "Portuguese Timor: A Rough Island Story, 1515-1960." <i>History Today</i> (May 1960) 19#5) pp 349-355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz198-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz198_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwartz (1994), p. 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leibosteven-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leibosteven_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeibo2012" class="citation cs2">Leibo, Steven (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781610488853/page/161"><i>East and Southeast Asia 2012</i></a> (45 ed.), Lanham, MD: Stryker Post, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781610488853/page/161">161–165</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6104-8885-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6104-8885-3"><bdi>978-1-6104-8885-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+and+Southeast+Asia+2012&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=161-165&rft.edition=45&rft.pub=Stryker+Post&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-6104-8885-3&rft.aulast=Leibo&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781610488853%2Fpage%2F161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kammen2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2010_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2010_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2010_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2010_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKammen2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kammen, Douglas (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003618">"Subordinating Timor: Central authority and the origins of communal identities in East Timor"</a>. <i>Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</i>. <b>166</b> (2/3): 244–269. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003618">10.1163/22134379-90003618</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2294">0006-2294</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27868578">27868578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bijdragen+tot+de+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.atitle=Subordinating+Timor%3A+Central+authority+and+the+origins+of+communal+identities+in+East+Timor&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=244-269&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0006-2294&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27868578%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134379-90003618&rft.aulast=Kammen&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%252F22134379-90003618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lundhal2019-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lundhal2019_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lundhal2019_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lundhal2019_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lundhal2019_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundahlSjöholm2019" class="citation book cs1">Lundahl, Mats; Sjöholm, Fredrik (17 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jkGjDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Creation of the East Timorese Economy: Volume 1: History of a Colony</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030194666" title="Special:BookSources/9783030194666"><bdi>9783030194666</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326152238/https://books.google.com/books?id=jkGjDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Creation+of+the+East+Timorese+Economy%3A+Volume+1%3A+History+of+a+Colony&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft.isbn=9783030194666&rft.aulast=Lundahl&rft.aufirst=Mats&rft.au=Sj%C3%B6holm%2C+Fredrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjkGjDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paulino2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paulino2011_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paulino2011_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paulino2011_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulino2011" class="citation book cs1">Paulino, Vincente (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4A_RzBG4DjIC&pg=PA88">"Remembering the Portuguese Presence in Timor and its Contribution to the Making of Timor's National and Cultural Identity"</a>. In Jarnagin, Laura (ed.). <i>Culture and Identity in the Luso-Asian World</i>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814345507" title="Special:BookSources/9789814345507"><bdi>9789814345507</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221009025549/https://books.google.com/books?id=4A_RzBG4DjIC&pg=PA88">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Portuguese+Presence+in+Timor+and+its+Contribution+to+the+Making+of+Timor%27s+National+and+Cultural+Identity&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Identity+in+the+Luso-Asian+World&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789814345507&rft.aulast=Paulino&rft.aufirst=Vincente&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4A_RzBG4DjIC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Villiers1994-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villiers1994_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilliers1994" class="citation journal cs1">Villiers, John (July 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/itinerario/article/abs/vanishing-sandalwood-of-portuguese-timor/29971F19F8EDC85DF7D8F866EA3DEA13">"The Vanishing Sandalwood of Portuguese Timor"</a>. <i>Itinerario</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 86–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0165115300022518">10.1017/S0165115300022518</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162012899">162012899</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023111224/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/itinerario/article/abs/vanishing-sandalwood-of-portuguese-timor/29971F19F8EDC85DF7D8F866EA3DEA13">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Itinerario&rft.atitle=The+Vanishing+Sandalwood+of+Portuguese+Timor&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=86-96&rft.date=1994-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0165115300022518&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162012899%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Villiers&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fitinerario%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fvanishing-sandalwood-of-portuguese-timor%2F29971F19F8EDC85DF7D8F866EA3DEA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRod_Nixon2013" class="citation book cs1">Rod Nixon (2013). <i>Justice and Governance in East Timor Indigenous Approaches and the 'New Subsistence State</i>. Taylor and Francis. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136511721" title="Special:BookSources/9781136511721"><bdi>9781136511721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justice+and+Governance+in+East+Timor+Indigenous+Approaches+and+the+%27New+Subsistence+State&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781136511721&rft.au=Rod+Nixon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Damaledo2018ch2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Damaledo2018ch2_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamaledo2018" class="citation book cs1">Damaledo, Andrey (27 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n4398/html/ch02.xhtml">"Spirit of the crocodile"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n4398/html/cover.xhtml"><i>Divided Loyalties: Displacement, belonging and citizenship among East Timorese in West Timor</i></a>. ANU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781760462376" title="Special:BookSources/9781760462376"><bdi>9781760462376</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026140153/https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n4398/html/cover.xhtml">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spirit+of+the+crocodile&rft.btitle=Divided+Loyalties%3A+Displacement%2C+belonging+and+citizenship+among+East+Timorese+in+West+Timor&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft.isbn=9781760462376&rft.aulast=Damaledo&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress-files.anu.edu.au%2Fdownloads%2Fpress%2Fn4398%2Fhtml%2Fch02.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor379-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor379_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor379_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor379_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor379_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor379_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor379_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor (2003), p. 379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324213447/http://pascal.iseg.utl.pt/~cesa/History_of_Timor.pdf">"Gunn (1999), <i>Timor Lorosae: 500 years</i> (Macau: Livros do Oriente), p.80. "</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pascal.iseg.utl.pt/~cesa/History_of_Timor.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunn+%281999%29%2C+Timor+Lorosae%3A+500+years+%28Macau%3A+Livros+do+Oriente%29%2C+p.80.+.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpascal.iseg.utl.pt%2F~cesa%2FHistory_of_Timor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kammen2015ch2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch2_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKammen2015" class="citation book cs1">Kammen, Douglas (20 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt166grhp.8">"High Colonialism and New Forms of Oppression, 1894-1974"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WGZ0CgAAQBAJ"><i>Three Centuries of Conflict in East Timor</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. pp. 42–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt166grhp.8">10.2307/j.ctt166grhp.8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813574127" title="Special:BookSources/9780813574127"><bdi>9780813574127</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt166grhp.8">j.ctt166grhp.8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021002513/https://books.google.com/books?id=WGZ0CgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=High+Colonialism+and+New+Forms+of+Oppression%2C+1894-1974&rft.btitle=Three+Centuries+of+Conflict+in+East+Timor&rft.pages=42-60&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2015-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt166grhp.8%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt166grhp.8&rft.isbn=9780813574127&rft.aulast=Kammen&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt166grhp.8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061123193421/http://www.lusotopie.sciencespobordeaux.fr/carneiroSousa.rtf">"The Portuguese Colonization and the Problem of East Timorese Nationalism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lusotopie.sciencespobordeaux.fr/carneiroSousa.rtf">the original</a> on 23 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+Colonization+and+the+Problem+of+East+Timorese+Nationalism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lusotopie.sciencespobordeaux.fr%2FcarneiroSousa.rtf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz199-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz199_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwartz (1994), p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerzijl1973" class="citation book cs1">Verzijl, J.H.W. (1973). <i>International Law in Historical Perspective</i>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 488.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.pages=488&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Verzijl&rft.aufirst=J.H.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeeley2001" class="citation book cs1">Deeley, Neil (2001). <i>The International Boundaries of East Timor</i>. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Boundaries+of+East+Timor&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Deeley&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kammen2015ch5-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammen2015ch5_18-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKammen2015" class="citation book cs1">Kammen, Douglas (20 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WGZ0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA96">"High Colonialism and New Forms of Oppression, 1894-1974"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WGZ0CgAAQBAJ"><i>Three Centuries of Conflict in East Timor</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813574127" title="Special:BookSources/9780813574127"><bdi>9780813574127</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021002513/https://books.google.com/books?id=WGZ0CgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=High+Colonialism+and+New+Forms+of+Oppression%2C+1894-1974&rft.btitle=Three+Centuries+of+Conflict+in+East+Timor&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2015-08-20&rft.isbn=9780813574127&rft.aulast=Kammen&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWGZ0CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scambary2021-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scambary2021_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scambary2021_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scambary2021_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_ScambaryJoana_de_Mesquita_Lima2021" class="citation book cs1">James Scambary; Joana de Mesquita Lima (2 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-1232-9_12">"Geographies of Power: Implementing Community Driven Development in Urban Dili, Timor-Leste"</a>. <i>Rural–Urban Dichotomies and Spatial Development in Asia</i>. New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives. Vol. 48. pp. 275–295. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-16-1232-9_12">10.1007/978-981-16-1232-9_12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-16-1231-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-16-1231-2"><bdi>978-981-16-1231-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Geographies+of+Power%3A+Implementing+Community+Driven+Development+in+Urban+Dili%2C+Timor-Leste&rft.btitle=Rural%E2%80%93Urban+Dichotomies+and+Spatial+Development+in+Asia&rft.series=New+Frontiers+in+Regional+Science%3A+Asian+Perspectives&rft.pages=275-295&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-16-1232-9_12&rft.isbn=978-981-16-1231-2&rft.au=James+Scambary&rft.au=Joana+de+Mesquita+Lima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-981-16-1232-9_12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Post-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Post_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Post, <i> The Encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War </i>, pages 560-561;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goto.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flags_of_the_World-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flags_of_the_World_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fotw.info/flags/tl!1967.html">"Flags of the World"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408212757/https://www.fotw.info/flags/tl!1967.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flags+of+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fotw.info%2Fflags%2Ftl%211967.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoadley1976-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoadley1976_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoadley1976_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoadley1976_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoadley1976_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Hoadley1976" class="citation journal cs1">Stephen Hoadley (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27908293">"East Timor: Civil War — Causes and Consequences"</a>. <i>Southeast Asian Affairs</i>. ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute: 411–419. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27908293">27908293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=East+Timor%3A+Civil+War+%E2%80%94+Causes+and+Consequences&rft.pages=411-419&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27908293%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Stephen+Hoadley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27908293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TL-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TL_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029065300/http://www.timor-leste.gov.tl/AboutTimorleste/history.htm">"About Timor-Leste > Brief History of Timor-Leste: A History"</a>. <i>Timor-Leste.gov.tl</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timor-leste.gov.tl/AboutTimorleste/history.htm">the original</a> on 29 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timor-Leste.gov.tl&rft.atitle=About+Timor-Leste+%3E+Brief+History+of+Timor-Leste%3A+A+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timor-leste.gov.tl%2FAboutTimorleste%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn (1996), p. 53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Dunn, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Dunn, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 62; Indonesia (1977), p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 62.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_further_reading">References and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Boxer, C. R. "Portuguese Timor: A Rough Island Story, 1515–1960." <i>History Today</i> (May 1960) 19#5) pp. 349–355.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorfield2015" class="citation book cs1">Corfield, Justin (2015). <i><span></span>'The Entrance Door to Australia': Australia and East Timor Before the Second World War</i>. Lara, Vic: Gentext Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1876586270" title="Special:BookSources/978-1876586270"><bdi>978-1876586270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27The+Entrance+Door+to+Australia%27%3A+Australia+and+East+Timor+Before+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Lara%2C+Vic&rft.pub=Gentext+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1876586270&rft.aulast=Corfield&rft.aufirst=Justin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(diplomat)" title="James Dunn (diplomat)">Dunn, James</a> (1996). <i>Timor: A People Betrayed</i>. Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0733305377" title="Special:BookSources/0733305377"><bdi>0733305377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timor%3A+A+People+Betrayed&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0733305377&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurand2017" class="citation book cs1">Durand, Frédéric B (2017). <i>History of Timor-Leste</i>. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6162151248" title="Special:BookSources/978-6162151248"><bdi>978-6162151248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Timor-Leste&rft.place=Chiang+Mai&rft.pub=Silkworm+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-6162151248&rft.aulast=Durand&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoto" class="citation web cs1">Goto, Kenichi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164353/http://www.waseda.jp/gsaps/faculty/goto/pdf/goto02.pdf">"Japan and Portuguese Timor in the 1930s and early 1940s"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waseda.jp/gsaps/faculty/goto/pdf/goto02.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+and+Portuguese+Timor+in+the+1930s+and+early+1940s&rft.aulast=Goto&rft.aufirst=Kenichi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waseda.jp%2Fgsaps%2Ffaculty%2Fgoto%2Fpdf%2Fgoto02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHDIT" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gunn, Geoffrey C (2011). <i>Historical Dictionary of East Timor</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810867543" title="Special:BookSources/9780810867543"><bdi>9780810867543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+East+Timor&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780810867543&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Indonesia. Department of Foreign Affairs. <i>Decolonization in East Timor</i>. Jakarta: Department of Information, Republic of Indonesia, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4458152">4458152</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1994" class="citation book cs1">Schwarz, A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw"><i>A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s</i></a></span>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1863736352" title="Special:BookSources/1863736352"><bdi>1863736352</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+in+Waiting%3A+Indonesia+in+the+1990s&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1863736352&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationinwaitingi00schw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2003" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean"><i>Indonesia: Peoples and Histories</i></a></span>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300105185" title="Special:BookSources/0300105185"><bdi>0300105185</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia%3A+Peoples+and+Histories&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0300105185&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jean+Gelman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findonesia00jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2009" class="citation book cs1">West, Barbara A. (2009). <i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania</i>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816071098" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816071098"><bdi>978-0816071098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0816071098&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+Timor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Geoffrey C. Gunn, <i>Timor Loro Sae: 500 years</i> (Macau: Livros do Oriente, 1999). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-9418-69-1" title="Special:BookSources/972-9418-69-1">972-9418-69-1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07TM1KZFZ">https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07TM1KZFZ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=408241">Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea; Conflict and Adaptation in Early Colonial Timor, 1600–1800</a> – KITLV Press 2012. Open Access</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size:85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size:85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)"><img alt="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/300px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/450px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/600px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size:85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="/wiki/Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qurayyat,_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Barka,_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kong,_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Chittagong<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese Macau </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size:85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size:85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size:85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Portugal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_provinces_of_Portugal" title="Template:Historical provinces of Portugal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_provinces_of_Portugal" title="Template talk:Historical provinces of Portugal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_provinces_of_Portugal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical provinces of Portugal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Portugal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Portugal" title="Provinces of Portugal">Provinces of Portugal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_(Portugal)" title="Beira (Portugal)">Beira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entre-Douro-e-Minho_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Entre-Douro-e-Minho Province">Entre Douro e Minho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estremadura_Province_(historical)" title="Estremadura Province (historical)">Estremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A1s-os-Montes_Province" title="Trás-os-Montes Province">Trás-os-Montes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces of 1832</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Açores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Alta_Province" title="Beira Alta Province">Beira Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Baixa_Province" title="Beira Baixa Province">Beira Baixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douro_Province" title="Douro Province">Douro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estremadura_Province_(historical)" title="Estremadura Province (historical)">Estremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minho_Province" title="Minho Province">Minho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A1s-os-Montes_Province" title="Trás-os-Montes Province">Trás-os-Montes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces of 1936</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Alentejo_Province" title="Alto Alentejo Province">Alto Alentejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baixo_Alentejo_Province" title="Baixo Alentejo Province">Baixo Alentejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Alta_Province" title="Beira Alta Province">Beira Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Baixa_Province" title="Beira Baixa Province">Beira Baixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Litoral_Province" title="Beira Litoral Province">Beira Litoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douro_Litoral_Province" title="Douro Litoral Province">Douro Litoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estremadura_Province_(1936%E2%80%931976)" title="Estremadura Province (1936–1976)">Estremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minho_Province" title="Minho Province">Minho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribatejo_Province" title="Ribatejo Province">Ribatejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A1s-os-Montes_e_Alto_Douro_Province" title="Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province">Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_province" title="Overseas province">Overseas provinces</a> added in 1951</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cabo Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Guiné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Estado da Índia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Moçambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé e Príncipe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Portuguese_Timor&params=8.5500_S_125.5833_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°33′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">125°35′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.5500°S 125.5833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-8.5500; 125.5833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142965#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142965#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142965#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150709574">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrwXxbgd8JQ7tWmRDJRrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80062454">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548043205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&oldid=1256787222">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Timor&oldid=1256787222</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_Timor" title="Category:Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_colonies_in_Asia" title="Category:Former colonies in Asia">Former colonies in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_colonies_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:Former colonies in Southeast Asia">Former colonies in Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:Former countries in Southeast Asia">Former countries in Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_Portuguese_colonies" title="Category:Former Portuguese colonies">Former Portuguese colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_colonisation_in_Asia" title="Category:Portuguese colonisation in Asia">Portuguese colonisation in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Timor" title="Category:History of Timor">History of Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1702" title="Category:States and territories established in 1702">States and territories established in 1702</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1975" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in 1975">States and territories disestablished in 1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1702_in_Portuguese_Timor" title="Category:1702 in Portuguese Timor">1702 in Portuguese Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_in_East_Timor" title="Category:1975 in East Timor">1975 in East Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_in_Portuguese_Timor" title="Category:1975 in Portuguese Timor">1975 in Portuguese Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1700s_establishments_in_Portuguese_Timor" title="Category:1700s establishments in Portuguese Timor">1700s establishments in Portuguese Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_disestablishments_in_Portuguese_Timor" title="Category:1970s disestablishments in Portuguese Timor">1970s disestablishments in Portuguese Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1702_establishments_in_Asia" title="Category:1702 establishments in Asia">1702 establishments in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_disestablishments_in_Asia" title="Category:1975 disestablishments in Asia">1975 disestablishments in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1702_establishments_in_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Category:1702 establishments in the Portuguese Empire">1702 establishments in the Portuguese Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_disestablishments_in_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Category:1975 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire">1975 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1700s_establishments_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:1700s establishments in Southeast Asia">1700s establishments in Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_disestablishments_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:1975 disestablishments in Southeast Asia">1975 disestablishments in Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_disestablishments_in_East_Timor" title="Category:1970s disestablishments in East Timor">1970s disestablishments in East Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesia%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Category:Indonesia–Portugal relations">Indonesia–Portugal relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Timor%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Category:East Timor–Indonesia relations">East Timor–Indonesia relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Timor%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Category:East Timor–Portugal relations">East Timor–Portugal relations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden 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