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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of aircraft radar</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">MESA</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:A30-002_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/A30-002_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-A30-002_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/A30-002_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-A30-002_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/A30-002_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-A30-002_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5154" data-file-height="3134" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An E-7 Wedgetail of the RAAF, with the MESA radar on the large dorsal fin on top of the fuselage</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Surveillance radar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L_band_(IEEE)" class="mw-redirect" title="L band (IEEE)">L band</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Multi-role Electronically Scanned Array</b> (<b>MESA</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">active electronically scanned array</a> surveillance radar system for the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-7_Wedgetail" title="Boeing E-7 Wedgetail">Boeing E-7 Wedgetail</a> <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">airborne early warning and control</a> aircraft. The radar is produced by <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-role_Electronically_Scanned_Array&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> recognized a need for an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft. In 1996, Australia issued a <a href="/wiki/Request_for_proposal" title="Request for proposal">request for proposal</a> (RFP) for the aircraft for the RAAF under <i>Project Wedgetail</i>, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Wedge-tailed_eagle" title="Wedge-tailed eagle">Wedge-tailed eagle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, Australia awarded Boeing Integrated Defense Systems a contract to supply four AEW&C aircraft with <a href="/wiki/Option_(aircraft_purchasing)" title="Option (aircraft purchasing)">options</a> for three additional aircraft.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/L_band_(IEEE)" class="mw-redirect" title="L band (IEEE)">L band</a> (1 to 2 GHz) electronically scanned AEW and surveillance radar is located on a dorsal fin on top of the fuselage, dubbed the "top hat", and is designed for minimal aerodynamic effect. The radar is capable of simultaneous air and sea search, fighter control and area search, with a maximum range of over 600 km (look-up mode). When operating in look-down mode against fighter-sized target, the maximum range is in excess of 370 km. When used against maritime targets, the maximum range is over 240 km for frigate-sized targets. MESA is capable of simultaneously tracking 180 targets and conducting 24 intercepts. In addition, the radar antenna array is also doubled as an <a href="/wiki/ELINT" class="mw-redirect" title="ELINT">ELINT</a> array, with a maximum range of over 850 km at 30,000 feet (9,000 m) altitude.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 10.8 m long by 3.4 m high antenna assembly incorporates 7.3 m long by 2.7 m high Side-Emitting Electronic Manifold array, with the top hat supporting array providing 120° coverage on port and starboard side, while the top hat array itself provides 60° fore and aft, thus providing a complete 360° coverage. The radar's beam can be set for a 2° to 8° width, while scan duration can be set from 3 s to 40 s. Radar signal processing equipment and central computer are installed directly below the antenna array.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cabin features eight operator consoles with sufficient space for four more; the Australian fleet will operate ten consoles with space for two more (four on starboard side and six on the port side).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-role_Electronically_Scanned_Array&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-7_Wedgetail" title="Boeing E-7 Wedgetail">Boeing E-7 Wedgetail</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-role_Electronically_Scanned_Array&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radars" title="List of radars">List of radars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-role_Electronically_Scanned_Array&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defence.gov.au/dmo/dceod/air5077/air5077.cfm">"AIR 5077 - Project Wedgetail"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227193949/http://www.defence.gov.au/dmo/dceod/air5077/air5077.cfm">Archived</a> 27 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Defence Materiel Organisation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Radar-and-Electronic-Warfare-Systems/Multirole-Electronically-Scanned-Array-MESA-radar-United-States.html">"Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS"</a>. <i>janes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429073901/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Radar-and-Electronic-Warfare-Systems/Multirole-Electronically-Scanned-Array-MESA-radar-United-States.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=janes.com&rft.atitle=Defense+%26+Security+Intelligence+%26+Analysis%3A+IHS+Jane%27s+-+IHS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.janes.com%2Farticles%2FJanes-Radar-and-Electronic-Warfare-Systems%2FMultirole-Electronically-Scanned-Array-MESA-radar-United-States.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMulti-role+Electronically+Scanned+Array" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electronic-Mission-Aircraft/Multirole-Electronically-Scanned-Array-MESA-radar-United-States.html">"Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS"</a>. <i>janes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429094617/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electronic-Mission-Aircraft/Multirole-Electronically-Scanned-Array-MESA-radar-United-States.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=janes.com&rft.atitle=Defense+%26+Security+Intelligence+%26+Analysis%3A+IHS+Jane%27s+-+IHS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.janes.com%2Farticles%2FJanes-Electronic-Mission-Aircraft%2FMultirole-Electronically-Scanned-Array-MESA-radar-United-States.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMulti-role+Electronically+Scanned+Array" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-All-the-Worlds-Aircraft/Boeing-737-AEW-C-United-States.html">"Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS"</a>. <i>janes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130216082341/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-All-the-Worlds-Aircraft/Boeing-737-AEW-C-United-States.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="AN/ZPY-1">AN/ZPY-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Airborne_Communications_Node" title="Battlefield Airborne Communications Node">Battlefield Airborne Communications Node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)" title="Cygnus (spacecraft)">Cygnus (spacecraft)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_Based_Strategic_Deterrent" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground Based Strategic Deterrent">Ground Based Strategic Deterrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMETS" title="IMETS">IMETS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MESA radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Extension_Vehicle" title="Mission Extension Vehicle">Mission Extension Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_BQM-74_Chukar" title="Northrop BQM-74 Chukar">Northrop BQM-74 Chukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit">Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-21_Raider" title="Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider">Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-8_Joint_STARS" title="Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS">Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_EA-6B_Prowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler">Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-4C_Triton" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton">Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-8_Fire_Scout" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout">Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_RQ-4_Global_Hawk" title="Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk">Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Guardian" title="Northrop Grumman Guardian">Northrop Grumman Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmegA" title="OmegA">OmegA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antecedents & <br /> former assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litton_Industries" title="Litton Industries">Litton Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">Northrop Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Assembly" title="Los Angeles Assembly">Los Angeles Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Electronic_Systems" title="Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems">Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sperry_Marine_Northrop_Grumman" title="Sperry Marine Northrop Grumman">Sperry Marine Northrop Grumman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Ship_Systems" title="Northrop Grumman Ship Systems">Northrop Grumman Ship Systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingalls_Shipbuilding" title="Ingalls Shipbuilding">Ingalls Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News_Shipbuilding" title="Newport News Shipbuilding">Newport News Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_School" title="The Apprentice School">The Apprentice School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_ATK" title="Orbital ATK">Orbital ATK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems">Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Aeronautical" title="Ryan Aeronautical">Ryan Aeronautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xetron" title="Xetron">Xetron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Northrop" title="Jack Northrop">Jack Northrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Grumman" title="Leroy Grumman">Leroy Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_G._Bush" title="Wesley G. Bush">Wesley G. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Rutan" title="Burt Rutan">Burt Rutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Claude_Ryan" title="T. Claude Ryan">T. Claude Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_J._Warden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathy J. Warden">Kathy J. Warden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multi-role_Electronically_Scanned_Array&oldid=1215880118">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multi-role_Electronically_Scanned_Array&oldid=1215880118</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_radars" title="Category:Aircraft radars">Aircraft radars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_radars_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military radars of the United States">Military radars of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_electronics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military electronics of the United States">Military electronics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northrop_Grumman_radars" title="Category:Northrop Grumman radars">Northrop Grumman radars</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use American English from August 2020">Use American English from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 March 2024, at 17:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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