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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injectable_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Injectable medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injectable_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_anaesthetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_anaesthetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Local anaesthetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_anaesthetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preoperative_medication_and_sedation_for_short-term_procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preoperative_medication_and_sedation_for_short-term_procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preoperative_medication_and_sedation_for_short-term_procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_gases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_gases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Medical gases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_gases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_pain_and_palliative_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_pain_and_palliative_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Medicines for pain and palliative care</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicines_for_pain_and_palliative_care-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicines for pain and palliative care subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_pain_and_palliative_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-opioids_and_non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_medicines_(NSAIMs)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-opioids_and_non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_medicines_(NSAIMs)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-opioids_and_non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_medicines_(NSAIMs)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opioid_analgesics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opioid_analgesics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Opioid analgesics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opioid_analgesics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_other_common_symptoms_in_palliative_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_other_common_symptoms_in_palliative_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_other_common_symptoms_in_palliative_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiallergics_and_medicines_used_in_anaphylaxis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiallergics_and_medicines_used_in_anaphylaxis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiallergics_and_medicines_used_in_anaphylaxis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antidotes_and_other_substances_used_in_poisonings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antidotes_and_other_substances_used_in_poisonings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Antidotes_and_other_substances_used_in_poisonings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Antidotes_and_other_substances_used_in_poisonings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-specific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-specific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Non-specific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-specific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Specific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_diseases_of_the_nervous_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_diseases_of_the_nervous_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medicines for diseases of the nervous system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicines_for_diseases_of_the_nervous_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicines for diseases of the nervous system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_diseases_of_the_nervous_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiseizure_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiseizure_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Antiseizure medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiseizure_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_multiple_sclerosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_multiple_sclerosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Medicines for multiple sclerosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_multiple_sclerosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_parkinsonism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_parkinsonism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Medicines for parkinsonism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_parkinsonism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-infective_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-infective_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Anti-infective medicines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anti-infective_medicines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Anti-infective medicines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anti-infective_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anthelminthics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthelminthics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Anthelminthics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthelminthics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intestinal_anthelminthics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intestinal_anthelminthics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Intestinal anthelminthics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intestinal_anthelminthics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antifilarials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antifilarials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Antifilarials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antifilarials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antischistosomals_and_other_antinematode_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antischistosomals_and_other_antinematode_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antischistosomals_and_other_antinematode_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cysticidal_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cysticidal_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>Cysticidal medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cysticidal_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antibacterials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antibacterials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Antibacterials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antibacterials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Access_group_antibiotics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_group_antibiotics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Access group antibiotics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_group_antibiotics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Watch_group_antibiotics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Watch_group_antibiotics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Watch group antibiotics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Watch_group_antibiotics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reserve_group_antibiotics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserve_group_antibiotics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Reserve group antibiotics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserve_group_antibiotics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antileprosy_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antileprosy_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>Antileprosy medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antileprosy_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antituberculosis_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antituberculosis_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.5</span> <span>Antituberculosis medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antituberculosis_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antifungal_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antifungal_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Antifungal medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antifungal_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiviral_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiviral_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Antiviral medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiviral_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiherpes_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiherpes_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Antiherpes medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiherpes_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiretrovirals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiretrovirals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>Antiretrovirals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiretrovirals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nucleoside/nucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nucleoside/nucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.1</span> <span>Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nucleoside/nucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.2</span> <span>Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protease_inhibitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protease_inhibitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.3</span> <span>Protease inhibitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protease_inhibitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integrase_inhibitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integrase_inhibitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.4</span> <span>Integrase inhibitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integrase_inhibitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fixed-dose_combinations_of_antiretroviral_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixed-dose_combinations_of_antiretroviral_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.5</span> <span>Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixed-dose_combinations_of_antiretroviral_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_prevention_of_HIV-related_opportunistic_infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_prevention_of_HIV-related_opportunistic_infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.6</span> <span>Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_prevention_of_HIV-related_opportunistic_infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_antivirals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_antivirals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.7</span> <span>Other antivirals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_antivirals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antihepatitis_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antihepatitis_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3</span> <span>Antihepatitis medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antihepatitis_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_hepatitis_B" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_hepatitis_B"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3.1</span> <span>Medicines for hepatitis B</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_hepatitis_B-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nucleoside/Nucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nucleoside/Nucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3.1.1</span> <span>Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nucleoside/Nucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_hepatitis_C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_hepatitis_C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3.2</span> <span>Medicines for hepatitis C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_hepatitis_C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pangenotypic_direct-acting_antiviral_combinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pangenotypic_direct-acting_antiviral_combinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3.2.1</span> <span>Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pangenotypic_direct-acting_antiviral_combinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-pangenotypic_direct-acting_antiviral_combinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-pangenotypic_direct-acting_antiviral_combinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3.2.2</span> <span>Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-pangenotypic_direct-acting_antiviral_combinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_antivirals_for_hepatitis_C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_antivirals_for_hepatitis_C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3.2.3</span> <span>Other antivirals for hepatitis C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_antivirals_for_hepatitis_C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiprotozoal_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiprotozoal_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Antiprotozoal medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiprotozoal_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiamoebic_and_antigiardiasis_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiamoebic_and_antigiardiasis_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.1</span> <span>Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiamoebic_and_antigiardiasis_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antileishmaniasis_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antileishmaniasis_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.2</span> <span>Antileishmaniasis medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antileishmaniasis_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antimalarial_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antimalarial_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.3</span> <span>Antimalarial medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antimalarial_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-For_curative_treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_curative_treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.3.1</span> <span>For curative treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_curative_treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-For_chemoprevention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_chemoprevention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.3.2</span> <span>For chemoprevention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_chemoprevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antipneumocystosis_and_antitoxoplasmosis_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antipneumocystosis_and_antitoxoplasmosis_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.4</span> <span>Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antipneumocystosis_and_antitoxoplasmosis_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antitrypanosomal_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antitrypanosomal_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.5</span> <span>Antitrypanosomal medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antitrypanosomal_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-African_trypanosomiasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_trypanosomiasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.5.1</span> <span>African trypanosomiasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_trypanosomiasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_the_treatment_of_1st_stage_African_trypanosomiasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_the_treatment_of_1st_stage_African_trypanosomiasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.5.1.1</span> <span>Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_the_treatment_of_1st_stage_African_trypanosomiasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_the_treatment_of_2nd_stage_African_trypanosomiasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_the_treatment_of_2nd_stage_African_trypanosomiasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.5.1.2</span> <span>Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_the_treatment_of_2nd_stage_African_trypanosomiasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_trypanosomiasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_trypanosomiasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.5.2</span> <span>American trypanosomiasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_trypanosomiasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_ectoparasitic_infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_ectoparasitic_infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Medicines for ectoparasitic infections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_ectoparasitic_infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_Ebola_virus_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_Ebola_virus_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Medicines for Ebola virus disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_Ebola_virus_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_COVID-19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_COVID-19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Medicines for COVID-19</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_COVID-19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antimigraine_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antimigraine_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Antimigraine medicines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Antimigraine_medicines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Antimigraine medicines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Antimigraine_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-For_treatment_of_acute_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_treatment_of_acute_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>For treatment of acute attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_treatment_of_acute_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-For_prophylaxis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_prophylaxis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>For prophylaxis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_prophylaxis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immunomodulators_and_antineoplastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immunomodulators_and_antineoplastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Immunomodulators and antineoplastics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Immunomodulators_and_antineoplastics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Immunomodulators and antineoplastics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Immunomodulators_and_antineoplastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Immunomodulators_for_non-malignant_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immunomodulators_for_non-malignant_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immunomodulators_for_non-malignant_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antineoplastics_and_supportive_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antineoplastics_and_supportive_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Antineoplastics and supportive medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antineoplastics_and_supportive_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cytotoxic_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cytotoxic_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Cytotoxic medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cytotoxic_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Targeted_therapies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targeted_therapies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Targeted therapies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Targeted_therapies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immunomodulators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immunomodulators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>Immunomodulators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immunomodulators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hormones_and_antihormones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hormones_and_antihormones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>Hormones and antihormones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hormones_and_antihormones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supportive_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supportive_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.5</span> <span>Supportive medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supportive_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Therapeutic_foods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Therapeutic_foods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Therapeutic foods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Therapeutic_foods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_affecting_the_blood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_affecting_the_blood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Medicines affecting the blood</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicines_affecting_the_blood-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicines affecting the blood subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicines_affecting_the_blood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antianaemia_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antianaemia_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Antianaemia medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antianaemia_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_affecting_coagulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_affecting_coagulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Medicines affecting coagulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_affecting_coagulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_medicines_for_haemoglobinopathies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_medicines_for_haemoglobinopathies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_medicines_for_haemoglobinopathies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blood_products_of_human_origin_and_plasma_substitutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_products_of_human_origin_and_plasma_substitutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Blood_products_of_human_origin_and_plasma_substitutes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Blood_products_of_human_origin_and_plasma_substitutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blood_and_blood_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_and_blood_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Blood and blood components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood_and_blood_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plasma-derived_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plasma-derived_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Plasma-derived medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plasma-derived_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Human_immunoglobulins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_immunoglobulins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.1</span> <span>Human immunoglobulins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_immunoglobulins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blood_coagulation_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_coagulation_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.2</span> <span>Blood coagulation factors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood_coagulation_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plasma_substitutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plasma_substitutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Plasma substitutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plasma_substitutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardiovascular_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardiovascular_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Cardiovascular medicines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cardiovascular_medicines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cardiovascular medicines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cardiovascular_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antianginal_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antianginal_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Antianginal medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antianginal_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiarrhythmic_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiarrhythmic_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Antiarrhythmic medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiarrhythmic_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antihypertensive_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antihypertensive_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Antihypertensive medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antihypertensive_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_used_in_heart_failure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_used_in_heart_failure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Medicines used in heart failure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_used_in_heart_failure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antithrombotic_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antithrombotic_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Antithrombotic medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antithrombotic_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-platelet_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-platelet_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.1</span> <span>Anti-platelet medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-platelet_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thrombolytic_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thrombolytic_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.2</span> <span>Thrombolytic medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thrombolytic_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lipid-lowering_agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lipid-lowering_agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.6</span> <span>Lipid-lowering agents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lipid-lowering_agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fixed-dose_combinations_for_prevention_of_atherosclerotic_cardiovascular_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixed-dose_combinations_for_prevention_of_atherosclerotic_cardiovascular_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.7</span> <span>Fixed-dose combinations for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixed-dose_combinations_for_prevention_of_atherosclerotic_cardiovascular_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dermatological_medicines_(topical)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dermatological_medicines_(topical)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Dermatological medicines (topical)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dermatological_medicines_(topical)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dermatological medicines (topical) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dermatological_medicines_(topical)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antifungal_medicines_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antifungal_medicines_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Antifungal medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antifungal_medicines_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-infective_medicines_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-infective_medicines_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Anti-infective medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-infective_medicines_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-inflammatory_and_antipruritic_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-inflammatory_and_antipruritic_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-inflammatory_and_antipruritic_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_affecting_skin_differentiation_and_proliferation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_affecting_skin_differentiation_and_proliferation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_affecting_skin_differentiation_and_proliferation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scabicides_and_pediculicides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scabicides_and_pediculicides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Scabicides and pediculicides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scabicides_and_pediculicides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnostic_agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnostic_agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Diagnostic agents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnostic_agents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diagnostic agents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diagnostic_agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ophthalmic_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ophthalmic_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Ophthalmic medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ophthalmic_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radiocontrast_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radiocontrast_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Radiocontrast media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radiocontrast_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiseptics_and_disinfectants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiseptics_and_disinfectants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Antiseptics and disinfectants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Antiseptics_and_disinfectants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Antiseptics and disinfectants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Antiseptics_and_disinfectants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiseptics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiseptics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Antiseptics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiseptics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disinfectants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disinfectants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Disinfectants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disinfectants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diuretics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diuretics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Diuretics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diuretics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastrointestinal_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastrointestinal_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Gastrointestinal medicines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gastrointestinal_medicines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gastrointestinal medicines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gastrointestinal_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiulcer_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiulcer_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Antiulcer medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiulcer_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiemetic_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiemetic_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>Antiemetic medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiemetic_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-inflammatory_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-inflammatory_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.3</span> <span>Anti-inflammatory medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-inflammatory_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laxatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laxatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.4</span> <span>Laxatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laxatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_used_in_diarrhoea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_used_in_diarrhoea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.5</span> <span>Medicines used in diarrhoea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_used_in_diarrhoea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oral_rehydration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oral_rehydration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.5.1</span> <span>Oral rehydration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oral_rehydration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_diarrhoea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_diarrhoea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.5.2</span> <span>Medicines for diarrhoea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_diarrhoea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_endocrine_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_endocrine_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Medicines for endocrine disorders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicines_for_endocrine_disorders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicines for endocrine disorders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_endocrine_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adrenal_hormones_and_synthetic_substitutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrenal_hormones_and_synthetic_substitutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrenal_hormones_and_synthetic_substitutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Androgens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Androgens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>Androgens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Androgens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estrogens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estrogens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.3</span> <span>Estrogens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estrogens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progestogens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progestogens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.4</span> <span>Progestogens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progestogens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_diabetes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_diabetes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.5</span> <span>Medicines for diabetes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_diabetes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Insulins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insulins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.5.1</span> <span>Insulins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insulins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oral_hypoglycaemic_agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oral_hypoglycaemic_agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.5.2</span> <span>Oral hypoglycaemic agents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oral_hypoglycaemic_agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_hypoglycaemia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_hypoglycaemia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.6</span> <span>Medicines for hypoglycaemia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_hypoglycaemia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thyroid_hormones_and_antithyroid_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thyroid_hormones_and_antithyroid_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.7</span> <span>Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thyroid_hormones_and_antithyroid_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_disorders_of_the_pituitary_hormone_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_disorders_of_the_pituitary_hormone_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.8</span> <span>Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_disorders_of_the_pituitary_hormone_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immunologicals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immunologicals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Immunologicals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Immunologicals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Immunologicals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Immunologicals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diagnostic_agents_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnostic_agents_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Diagnostic agents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnostic_agents_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sera,_immunoglobulins_and_monoclonal_antibodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sera,_immunoglobulins_and_monoclonal_antibodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sera,_immunoglobulins_and_monoclonal_antibodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaccines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaccines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.3</span> <span>Vaccines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaccines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muscle_relaxants_(peripherally-acting)_and_cholinesterase_inhibitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muscle_relaxants_(peripherally-acting)_and_cholinesterase_inhibitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muscle_relaxants_(peripherally-acting)_and_cholinesterase_inhibitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ophthalmological_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ophthalmological_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Ophthalmological preparations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ophthalmological_preparations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ophthalmological preparations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ophthalmological_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-infective_agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-infective_agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.1</span> <span>Anti-infective agents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-infective_agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-inflammatory_agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-inflammatory_agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.2</span> <span>Anti-inflammatory agents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-inflammatory_agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_anesthetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_anesthetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.3</span> <span>Local anesthetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_anesthetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miotics_and_antiglaucoma_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miotics_and_antiglaucoma_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.4</span> <span>Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miotics_and_antiglaucoma_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mydriatics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mydriatics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.5</span> <span>Mydriatics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mydriatics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_(VEGF)_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_(VEGF)_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.6</span> <span>Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_(VEGF)_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_reproductive_health_and_perinatal_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_reproductive_health_and_perinatal_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicines_for_reproductive_health_and_perinatal_care-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_reproductive_health_and_perinatal_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contraceptives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contraceptives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1</span> <span>Contraceptives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contraceptives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oral_hormonal_contraceptives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oral_hormonal_contraceptives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1.1</span> <span>Oral hormonal contraceptives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oral_hormonal_contraceptives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Injectable_hormonal_contraceptives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injectable_hormonal_contraceptives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1.2</span> <span>Injectable hormonal contraceptives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injectable_hormonal_contraceptives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intrauterine_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intrauterine_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1.3</span> <span>Intrauterine devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intrauterine_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barrier_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barrier_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1.4</span> <span>Barrier methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barrier_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implantable_contraceptives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implantable_contraceptives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1.5</span> <span>Implantable contraceptives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implantable_contraceptives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intravaginal_contraceptives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intravaginal_contraceptives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1.6</span> <span>Intravaginal contraceptives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intravaginal_contraceptives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ovulation_inducers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovulation_inducers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.2</span> <span>Ovulation inducers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovulation_inducers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uterotonics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uterotonics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.3</span> <span>Uterotonics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uterotonics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antioxytocics_(tocolytics)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antioxytocics_(tocolytics)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.4</span> <span>Antioxytocics (tocolytics)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antioxytocics_(tocolytics)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_medicines_administered_to_the_mother" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_medicines_administered_to_the_mother"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.5</span> <span>Other medicines administered to the mother</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_medicines_administered_to_the_mother-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_administered_to_the_neonate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_administered_to_the_neonate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.6</span> <span>Medicines administered to the neonate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_administered_to_the_neonate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peritoneal_dialysis_solution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peritoneal_dialysis_solution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>Peritoneal dialysis solution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peritoneal_dialysis_solution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_mental_and_behavioural_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_mental_and_behavioural_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicines_for_mental_and_behavioural_disorders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_mental_and_behavioural_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicines_used_in_psychotic_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_used_in_psychotic_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.1</span> <span>Medicines used in psychotic disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_used_in_psychotic_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_used_in_mood_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_used_in_mood_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.2</span> <span>Medicines used in mood disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_used_in_mood_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicines_used_in_depressive_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_used_in_depressive_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.2.1</span> <span>Medicines used in depressive disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_used_in_depressive_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_used_in_bipolar_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_used_in_bipolar_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.2.2</span> <span>Medicines used in bipolar disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_used_in_bipolar_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_anxiety_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_anxiety_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.3</span> <span>Medicines for anxiety disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_anxiety_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_used_for_obsessive_compulsive_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_used_for_obsessive_compulsive_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.4</span> <span>Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_used_for_obsessive_compulsive_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_disorders_due_to_psychoactive_substance_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_disorders_due_to_psychoactive_substance_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.5</span> <span>Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_disorders_due_to_psychoactive_substance_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_alcohol_use_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_alcohol_use_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.5.1</span> <span>Medicines for alcohol use disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_alcohol_use_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_nicotine_use_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_nicotine_use_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.5.2</span> <span>Medicines for nicotine use disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_nicotine_use_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_acting_on_the_respiratory_tract" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_acting_on_the_respiratory_tract"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>Medicines acting on the respiratory tract</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicines_acting_on_the_respiratory_tract-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicines acting on the respiratory tract subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicines_acting_on_the_respiratory_tract-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiasthmatic_medicines_and_medicines_for_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiasthmatic_medicines_and_medicines_for_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.1</span> <span>Antiasthmatic medicines and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiasthmatic_medicines_and_medicines_for_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solutions_correcting_water,_electrolyte_and_acid-base_disturbances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solutions_correcting_water,_electrolyte_and_acid-base_disturbances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Solutions_correcting_water,_electrolyte_and_acid-base_disturbances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Solutions_correcting_water,_electrolyte_and_acid-base_disturbances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26.1</span> <span>Oral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parenteral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parenteral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26.2</span> <span>Parenteral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parenteral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26.3</span> <span>Miscellaneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vitamins_and_minerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vitamins_and_minerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27</span> <span>Vitamins and minerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vitamins_and_minerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ear,_nose_and_throat_medicines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ear,_nose_and_throat_medicines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28</span> <span>Ear, nose and throat medicines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ear,_nose_and_throat_medicines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_diseases_of_joints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_diseases_of_joints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29</span> <span>Medicines for diseases of joints</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicines_for_diseases_of_joints-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicines for diseases of joints subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_diseases_of_joints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicines_used_to_treat_gout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_used_to_treat_gout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29.1</span> <span>Medicines used to treat gout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_used_to_treat_gout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disease-modifying_anti-rheumatic_drugs_(DMARDs)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disease-modifying_anti-rheumatic_drugs_(DMARDs)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29.2</span> <span>Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disease-modifying_anti-rheumatic_drugs_(DMARDs)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicines_for_juvenile_joint_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicines_for_juvenile_joint_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29.3</span> <span>Medicines for juvenile joint diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicines_for_juvenile_joint_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dental_medicines_and_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dental_medicines_and_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30</span> <span>Dental medicines and preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dental_medicines_and_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">31</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">33</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">34</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">WHO Model List of Essential Medicines</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قائمة الأدوية الأساسية النموذجية لمنظمة الصحة العالمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة الأدوية الأساسية النموذجية لمنظمة الصحة العالمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%94%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা প্ৰণীত অত্যাৱশ্যকীয় ঔষধৰ আদৰ্শ তালিকা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা প্ৰণীত অত্যাৱশ্যকীয় ঔষধৰ আদৰ্শ তালিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা প্রণীত অপরিহার্য ওষুধের আদর্শ তালিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা প্রণীত অপরিহার্য ওষুধের আদর্শ তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisak_esencijalnih_lijekova_SZO-a" title="Spisak esencijalnih lijekova SZO-a – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Spisak esencijalnih lijekova SZO-a" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_model_de_Medicaments_essencials_de_l%27Organitzaci%C3%B3_Mundial_de_la_Salut" title="Llista model de Medicaments essencials de l'Organització Mundial de la Salut – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista model de Medicaments essencials de l'Organització Mundial de la Salut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhestr_Meddyginiaethau_Hanfodol_Sefydliad_Iechyd_y_Byd" title="Rhestr Meddyginiaethau Hanfodol Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhestr Meddyginiaethau Hanfodol Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_unentbehrlichen_Arzneimittel_der_Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Liste der unentbehrlichen Arzneimittel der Weltgesundheitsorganisation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der unentbehrlichen Arzneimittel der Weltgesundheitsorganisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5" title="Πρότυπος Κατάλογος Βασικών Φαρμάκων του ΠΟΥ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρότυπος Κατάλογος Βασικών Φαρμάκων του ΠΟΥ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Medicamentos_esenciales_de_la_Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_la_Salud" title="Anexo:Medicamentos esenciales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Medicamentos esenciales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_de_esencaj_medikamentoj_de_la_Monda_Organiza%C4%B5o_pri_Sano" title="Listo de esencaj medikamentoj de la Monda Organizaĵo pri Sano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Listo de esencaj medikamentoj de la Monda Organizaĵo pri Sano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="داروهای ضروری سازمان جهانی بهداشت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داروهای ضروری سازمان جهانی بهداشت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_mod%C3%A8le_de_l%27OMS_des_m%C3%A9dicaments_essentiels" title="Liste modèle de l'OMS des médicaments essentiels – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste modèle de l'OMS des médicaments essentiels" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_%ED%95%84%EC%88%98_%EC%9D%98%EC%95%BD%ED%92%88_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="WHO 필수 의약품 목록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="WHO 필수 의약품 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन की आवश्यक औषधियों की प्रादर्श सूची – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन की आवश्यक औषधियों की प्रादर्श सूची" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnovna_lista_lijekova_Svjetske_zdravstvene_organizacije" title="Osnovna lista lijekova Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Osnovna lista lijekova Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modela_listo_de_esencala_medikamenti_di_MOS" title="Modela listo de esencala medikamenti di MOS – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Modela listo de esencala medikamenti di MOS" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Obat_Esensial_Organisasi_Kesehatan_Dunia" title="Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_dei_farmaci_essenziali" title="Lista dei farmaci essenziali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lista dei farmaci essenziali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99" title="רשימת התרופות החיוניות של ארגון הבריאות העולמי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשימת התרופות החיוניות של ארגון הבריאות העולמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_Usada_Pokok_Modh%C3%A8l_WHO" title="Pratélan Usada Pokok Modhèl WHO – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan Usada Pokok Modhèl WHO" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%90%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%95_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86_%DB%81%D9%95%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%90%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%90%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="عالمی اِدارٕ صحت ضروٗری ادوِیاتن ہٕنٛز ماڈل فِہرِست – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عالمی اِدارٕ صحت ضروٗری ادوِیاتن ہٕنٛز ماڈل فِہرِست" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_exemplaris_medicamentorum_essentialium_(Ordo_mundi_sanitarius)" title="Index exemplaris medicamentorum essentialium (Ordo mundi sanitarius) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Index exemplaris medicamentorum essentialium (Ordo mundi sanitarius)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടനയുടെ അടിസ്ഥാന മരുന്നുകളുടെ മാതൃകാ പട്ടിക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടനയുടെ അടിസ്ഥാന മരുന്നുകളുടെ മാതൃകാ പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="आवश्यक औषधांची यादी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवश्यक औषधांची यादी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ليستة الادويه الاساسيه لمنظمة الصحه العالميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليستة الادويه الاساسيه لمنظمة الصحه العالميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_Model_Ubat_Penting_WHO" title="Senarai Model Ubat Penting WHO – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai Model Ubat Penting WHO" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%AD%D0%9C%D0%91-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="ДЭМБ-ын баталсан чухал эмийн жагсаалт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="ДЭМБ-ын баталсан чухал эмийн жагсаалт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO-modellijst_van_essenti%C3%ABle_geneesmiddelen" title="WHO-modellijst van essentiële geneesmiddelen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="WHO-modellijst van essentiële geneesmiddelen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83" title="हलिं उसाँय् संगठनया माःगु वासःतेगु नमुना धलः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हलिं उसाँय् संगठनया माःगु वासःतेगु नमुना धलः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO%E5%BF%85%E9%A0%88%E5%8C%BB%E8%96%AC%E5%93%81%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="WHO必須医薬品モデル・リスト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="WHO必須医薬品モデル・リスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_lek%C3%B3w_podstawowych_%C5%9Awiatowej_Organizacji_Zdrowia" title="Lista leków podstawowych Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lista leków podstawowych Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_Medicamentos_Essenciais_da_Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Mundial_de_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais da Organização Mundial de Saúde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais da Organização Mundial de Saúde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_medicamentelor_esen%C8%9Biale_ale_Organiza%C8%9Biei_Mondiale_a_S%C4%83n%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bii" title="Lista medicamentelor esențiale ale Organizației Mondiale a Sănătății – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lista medicamentelor esențiale ale Organizației Mondiale a Sănătății" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%97_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2" title="Примерный перечень ВОЗ основных лекарственных средств – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Примерный перечень ВОЗ основных лекарственных средств" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a featured list. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Formulary by the World Health Organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the list for children, see <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines_for_Children" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children">WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children</a>.</div> <p> The <b>WHO Model List of Essential Medicines</b> (aka <b>Essential Medicines List</b> or <b>EML</b><sup id="cite_ref-EML_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EML-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), published by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">health system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2017Def_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2017Def-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list is frequently used by countries to help develop their own local lists of <a href="/wiki/Essential_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Essential medicine">essential medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2017Def_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2017Def-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, more than 155 countries have created national lists of essential medicines based on the World Health Organization's model list.<sup id="cite_ref-EML_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EML-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes both <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing</a> countries.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2017Def_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2017Def-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The list is divided into core items and complementary items.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015List_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015List-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The core items are deemed to be the most <a href="/wiki/Cost-effective" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost-effective">cost-effective</a> options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015List_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015List-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained <a href="/wiki/Health_care_providers" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care providers">health care providers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnostic equipment">diagnostic equipment</a> or have a lower <a href="/wiki/Cost%E2%80%93benefit_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost–benefit ratio">cost–benefit ratio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015List_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015List-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 25% of items are in the complementary list.<sup id="cite_ref-Ban2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ban2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some medications are listed as both core and complementary.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most medications on the list are available as <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic products</a>, being under <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> does not preclude inclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first list was published in 1977 and included 208 medications.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO2017Def_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2017Def-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2017_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2017-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WHO updates the list every two years.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015Web_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015Web-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 306 medications in the 14th list in 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 410 in the 19th list in 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015Web_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015Web-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 433 in the 20th list in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-WHO201720th_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO201720th-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 460 in the 21st list in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 479 in the 22nd list in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_Executive_summary_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd_Executive_summary-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various national lists contain between 334 and 580 medications.<sup id="cite_ref-Ban2013_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ban2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-selection_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Essential Medicines List (EML) was updated in July 2023 to its 23rd edition. This list contains 1200 recommendations for 591 drugs and 103 therapeutic equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A separate list for children up to 12 years of age, known as the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines_for_Children" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children">WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children</a> (EMLc), was created in 2007 and is in its 9th edition.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015Web_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015Web-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO_2019_child_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_2019_child-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHOEMLc8th_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEMLc8th-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHOEMLc9th_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEMLc9th-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created to make sure that the needs of children were systematically considered such as availability of proper <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_formulation" title="Pharmaceutical formulation">formulations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Everything in the children's list is also included in the main list.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list and notes are based on the 19th to 23rd edition of the main list.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015List_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015List-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO201720th_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO201720th-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO23rd_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO23rd-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therapeutic alternatives with similar clinical performance are listed for some medicines and they may be considered for national essential medicines lists.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_Executive_summary_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd_Executive_summary-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 9th Essential Medicines List for Children was updated in July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOEMLc9th_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEMLc9th-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Note: An <a href="/wiki/Alpha" title="Alpha">α</a> indicates a medicine is on the complementary list.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015List_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015List-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anaesthetics,_preoperative_medicines_and_medical_gases"><span id="Anaesthetics.2C_preoperative_medicines_and_medical_gases"></span>Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines and medical gases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines and medical gases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_anaesthetics_and_oxygen">General anaesthetics and oxygen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General anaesthetics and oxygen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inhalational_medicines">Inhalational medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inhalational medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane">Halothane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoflurane" title="Isoflurane">Isoflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)" title="Nitrous oxide (medication)">Nitrous oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">Oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevoflurane" title="Sevoflurane">Sevoflurane</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Injectable_medicines">Injectable medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Injectable medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propofol" title="Propofol">Propofol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiopental" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiopental">Thiopental</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_anaesthetics">Local anaesthetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Local anaesthetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bupivacaine" title="Bupivacaine">Bupivacaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine/epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lidocaine/epinephrine">Lidocaine/epinephrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">lidocaine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)" title="Epinephrine (medication)">epinephrine</a>)</li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preoperative_medication_and_sedation_for_short-term_procedures">Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">Midazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_gases">Medical gases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Medical gases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">Oxygen</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicines_for_pain_and_palliative_care">Medicines for pain and palliative care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Medicines for pain and palliative care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-opioids_and_non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_medicines_(NSAIMs)"><span id="Non-opioids_and_non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_medicines_.28NSAIMs.29"></span>Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aspirin-skeletal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A line drawing of a hexagon with two attachments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aspirin-skeletal.svg/220px-Aspirin-skeletal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aspirin-skeletal.svg/330px-Aspirin-skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aspirin-skeletal.svg/440px-Aspirin-skeletal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeletal model">skeletal model</a> of the chemical structure of aspirin</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetylsalicylic acid">Acetylsalicylic acid</a> (aspirin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (acetaminophen)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opioid_analgesics">Opioid analgesics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Opioid analgesics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_other_common_symptoms_in_palliative_care">Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclizine" title="Cyclizine">Cyclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docusate_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Docusate sodium">Docusate sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloperidol" title="Haloperidol">Haloperidol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_butylbromide" title="Hyoscine butylbromide">Hyoscine butylbromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine hydrobromide">Hyoscine hydrobromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose">Lactulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">Loperamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metoclopramide" title="Metoclopramide">Metoclopramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">Midazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondansetron" title="Ondansetron">Ondansetron</a><sup id="cite_ref-ondansetron_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ondansetron-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senna_glycosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Senna glycosides">Senna</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiallergics_and_medicines_used_in_anaphylaxis">Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)" title="Epinephrine (medication)">Epinephrine</a> (adrenaline)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">Loratadine</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antidotes_and_other_substances_used_in_poisonings">Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-specific">Non-specific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Non-specific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal_(medication)" title="Activated charcoal (medication)">Charcoal, activated</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific">Specific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Specific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetylcysteine" title="Acetylcysteine">Acetylcysteine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_gluconate" title="Calcium gluconate">Calcium gluconate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_blue" title="Methylene blue">Methylthioninium chloride</a> (methylene blue)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penicillamine" title="Penicillamine">Penicillamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_blue_(medical_use)" title="Prussian blue (medical use)">Prussian blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrite_(medical_use)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium nitrite (medical use)">Sodium nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate_(medical_use)" title="Sodium thiosulfate (medical use)">Sodium thiosulfate</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deferoxamine" title="Deferoxamine">Deferoxamine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimercaprol" title="Dimercaprol">Dimercaprol</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fomepizole" title="Fomepizole">Fomepizole</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_calcium_edetate" title="Sodium calcium edetate">Sodium calcium edetate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succimer" title="Succimer">Succimer</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicines_for_diseases_of_the_nervous_system">Medicines for diseases of the nervous system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Medicines for diseases of the nervous system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiseizure_medicines">Antiseizure medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Antiseizure medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamotrigine" title="Lamotrigine">Lamotrigine</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levetiracetam" title="Levetiracetam">Levetiracetam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorazepam" title="Lorazepam">Lorazepam</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate_(medical_use)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnesium sulfate (medical use)">Magnesium sulfate</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">Midazolam</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a> (sodium valproate)<sup id="cite_ref-sodium_valproate_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sodium_valproate-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethosuximide" title="Ethosuximide">Ethosuximide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levetiracetam" title="Levetiracetam">Levetiracetam</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a> (sodium valproate)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sodium_valproate_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sodium_valproate-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_multiple_sclerosis">Medicines for multiple sclerosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Medicines for multiple sclerosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cladribine" title="Cladribine">Cladribine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glatiramer_acetate" title="Glatiramer acetate">Glatiramer acetate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">Rituximab</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_parkinsonism">Medicines for parkinsonism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Medicines for parkinsonism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biperiden" title="Biperiden">Biperiden</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levodopa/carbidopa" class="mw-redirect" title="Levodopa/carbidopa">Levodopa/carbidopa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Levodopa" title="Levodopa">levodopa</a> + <a href="/wiki/Carbidopa" title="Carbidopa">carbidopa</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-infective_medicines">Anti-infective medicines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Anti-infective medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthelminthics">Anthelminthics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Anthelminthics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intestinal_anthelminthics">Intestinal anthelminthics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Intestinal anthelminthics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albendazole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A hexagon joined to a polygon with two attachments to this double ringed structure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Albendazole.svg/220px-Albendazole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Albendazole.svg/330px-Albendazole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Albendazole.svg/440px-Albendazole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="176" /></a><figcaption>A skeletal model of the chemical structure of albendazole</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albendazole" title="Albendazole">Albendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levamisole" title="Levamisole">Levamisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebendazole" title="Mebendazole">Mebendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niclosamide" title="Niclosamide">Niclosamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praziquantel" title="Praziquantel">Praziquantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrantel" title="Pyrantel">Pyrantel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antifilarials">Antifilarials</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Antifilarials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albendazole" title="Albendazole">Albendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethylcarbamazine" title="Diethylcarbamazine">Diethylcarbamazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antischistosomals_and_other_antinematode_medicines">Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praziquantel" title="Praziquantel">Praziquantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triclabendazole" title="Triclabendazole">Triclabendazole</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxamniquine" title="Oxamniquine">Oxamniquine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cysticidal_medicines">Cysticidal medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cysticidal medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albendazole" title="Albendazole">Albendazole</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebendazole" title="Mebendazole">Mebendazole</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praziquantel" title="Praziquantel">Praziquantel</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antibacterials">Antibacterials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Antibacterials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Access_group_antibiotics">Access group antibiotics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Access group antibiotics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amikacin" title="Amikacin">Amikacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin" title="Amoxicillin">Amoxicillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin/clavulanic_acid" title="Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid">Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin" title="Amoxicillin">amoxicillin</a> + <a href="/wiki/Clavulanic_acid" title="Clavulanic acid">clavulanic acid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampicillin" title="Ampicillin">Ampicillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzathine_benzylpenicillin" title="Benzathine benzylpenicillin">Benzathine benzylpenicillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylpenicillin" title="Benzylpenicillin">Benzylpenicillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cefalexin" title="Cefalexin">Cefalexin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cefazolin" title="Cefazolin">Cefazolin</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloramphenicol" title="Chloramphenicol">Chloramphenicol</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin" title="Clindamycin">Clindamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloxacillin" title="Cloxacillin">Cloxacillin</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxycycline" title="Doxycycline">Doxycycline</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentamicin" title="Gentamicin">Gentamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metronidazole" title="Metronidazole">Metronidazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrofurantoin" title="Nitrofurantoin">Nitrofurantoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoxymethylpenicillin" title="Phenoxymethylpenicillin">Phenoxymethylpenicillin</a> (penicillin V)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procaine_benzylpenicillin" title="Procaine benzylpenicillin">Procaine benzylpenicillin</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectinomycin" title="Spectinomycin">Spectinomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim">Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole" title="Sulfamethoxazole">sulfamethoxazole</a> + <a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim" title="Trimethoprim">trimethoprim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim" title="Trimethoprim">Trimethoprim</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Watch_group_antibiotics">Watch group antibiotics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Watch group antibiotics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azithromycin" title="Azithromycin">Azithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cefixime" title="Cefixime">Cefixime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cefotaxime" title="Cefotaxime">Cefotaxime</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceftriaxone" title="Ceftriaxone">Ceftriaxone</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cefuroxime" title="Cefuroxime">Cefuroxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciprofloxacin" title="Ciprofloxacin">Ciprofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarithromycin" title="Clarithromycin">Clarithromycin</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperacillin/tazobactam" title="Piperacillin/tazobactam">Piperacillin/tazobactam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Piperacillin" title="Piperacillin">piperacillin</a> + <a href="/wiki/Tazobactam" title="Tazobactam">tazobactam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">Vancomycin</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceftazidime" title="Ceftazidime">Ceftazidime</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropenem" title="Meropenem">Meropenem</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">Vancomycin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reserve_group_antibiotics">Reserve group antibiotics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Reserve group antibiotics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reserve antibiotics are last-resort antibiotics. The EML antibiotic book was published in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cefiderocol" title="Cefiderocol">Cefiderocol</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceftazidime/avibactam" title="Ceftazidime/avibactam">Ceftazidime/avibactam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceftazidime" title="Ceftazidime">ceftazidime</a> + <a href="/wiki/Avibactam" title="Avibactam">avibactam</a>)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceftolozane/tazobactam" title="Ceftolozane/tazobactam">Ceftolozane/tazobactam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceftolozane" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceftolozane">ceftolozane</a> + <a href="/wiki/Tazobactam" title="Tazobactam">tazobactam</a>)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colistin" title="Colistin">Colistin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosfomycin" title="Fosfomycin">Fosfomycin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid">Linezolid</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropenem/vaborbactam" title="Meropenem/vaborbactam">Meropenem/vaborbactam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meropenem" title="Meropenem">meropenem</a> + <a href="/wiki/Vaborbactam" title="Vaborbactam">vaborbactam</a>)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazomicin" title="Plazomicin">Plazomicin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymyxin_B" title="Polymyxin B">Polymyxin B</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antileprosy_medicines">Antileprosy medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Antileprosy medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clofazimine" title="Clofazimine">Clofazimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapsone" title="Dapsone">Dapsone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antituberculosis_medicines">Antituberculosis medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Antituberculosis medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethambutol_substance_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A small pile of white crystals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ethambutol_substance_photo.jpg/220px-Ethambutol_substance_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ethambutol_substance_photo.jpg/330px-Ethambutol_substance_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ethambutol_substance_photo.jpg/440px-Ethambutol_substance_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>Pure crystals of ethambutol</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethambutol" title="Ethambutol">Ethambutol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin" title="Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin">Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethambutol" title="Ethambutol">ethambutol</a> + <a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Pyrazinamide" title="Pyrazinamide">pyrazinamide</a> + <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin" title="Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin">Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethambutol" title="Ethambutol">ethambutol</a> + <a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethionamide" title="Ethionamide">Ethionamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">Isoniazid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin">Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Pyrazinamide" title="Pyrazinamide">pyrazinamide</a> + <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoniazid/rifampicin" title="Isoniazid/rifampicin">Isoniazid/rifampicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoniazid/rifapentine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoniazid/rifapentine (page does not exist)">Isoniazid/rifapentine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Rifapentine" title="Rifapentine">rifapentine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxifloxacin" title="Moxifloxacin">Moxifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrazinamide" title="Pyrazinamide">Pyrazinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifabutin" title="Rifabutin">Rifabutin</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifapentine" title="Rifapentine">Rifapentine</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amikacin" title="Amikacin">Amikacin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin/clavulanic_acid" title="Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid">Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin" title="Amoxicillin">amoxicillin</a> + <a href="/wiki/Clavulanic_acid" title="Clavulanic acid">clavulanic acid</a>)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedaquiline" title="Bedaquiline">Bedaquiline</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofazimine" title="Clofazimine">Clofazimine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycloserine" title="Cycloserine">Cycloserine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delamanid" title="Delamanid">Delamanid</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethionamide" title="Ethionamide">Ethionamide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levofloxacin" title="Levofloxacin">Levofloxacin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid">Linezolid</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropenem" title="Meropenem">Meropenem</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxifloxacin" title="Moxifloxacin">Moxifloxacin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-aminosalicylic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="P-aminosalicylic acid">P-aminosalicylic acid</a> (p-aminosalicylate sodium)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretomanid" title="Pretomanid">Pretomanid</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin">Streptomycin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antifungal_medicines">Antifungal medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Antifungal medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphotericin_B" title="Amphotericin B">Amphotericin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluconazole" title="Fluconazole">Fluconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flucytosine" title="Flucytosine">Flucytosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseofulvin" title="Griseofulvin">Griseofulvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itraconazole" title="Itraconazole">Itraconazole</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nystatin" title="Nystatin">Nystatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voriconazole" title="Voriconazole">Voriconazole</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micafungin" title="Micafungin">Micafungin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">Potassium iodide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiviral_medicines">Antiviral medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Antiviral medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antiherpes_medicines">Antiherpes medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Antiherpes medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aciclovir" title="Aciclovir">Aciclovir</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antiretrovirals">Antiretrovirals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Antiretrovirals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Nucleoside/nucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors"><span id="Nucleoside.2Fnucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors"></span>Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abacavir" title="Abacavir">Abacavir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamivudine" title="Lamivudine">Lamivudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenofovir_disoproxil_fumarate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate">Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidovudine" title="Zidovudine">Zidovudine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Non-nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors">Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevirapine" title="Nevirapine">Nevirapine</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Protease_inhibitors">Protease inhibitors</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Protease inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atazanavir_(Reyataz)200mg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two dark blue capsules with writing on them" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Atazanavir_%28Reyataz%29200mg.jpg/220px-Atazanavir_%28Reyataz%29200mg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Atazanavir_%28Reyataz%29200mg.jpg/330px-Atazanavir_%28Reyataz%29200mg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Atazanavir_%28Reyataz%29200mg.jpg/440px-Atazanavir_%28Reyataz%29200mg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1267" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption>Two capsules of atazanavir</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atazanavir/ritonavir" title="Atazanavir/ritonavir">Atazanavir/ritonavir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atazanavir" title="Atazanavir">atazanavir</a> + <a href="/wiki/Ritonavir" title="Ritonavir">ritonavir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darunavir" title="Darunavir">Darunavir</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopinavir/ritonavir" title="Lopinavir/ritonavir">Lopinavir/ritonavir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lopinavir" title="Lopinavir">lopinavir</a> + <a href="/wiki/Ritonavir" title="Ritonavir">ritonavir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritonavir" title="Ritonavir">Ritonavir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Integrase_inhibitors">Integrase inhibitors</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Integrase inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolutegravir" title="Dolutegravir">Dolutegravir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raltegravir" title="Raltegravir">Raltegravir</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Fixed-dose_combinations_of_antiretroviral_medicines">Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abacavir/lamivudine" title="Abacavir/lamivudine">Abacavir/lamivudine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abacavir" title="Abacavir">abacavir</a> + <a href="/wiki/Lamivudine" title="Lamivudine">lamivudine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir" title="Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir">Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dolutegravir" title="Dolutegravir">dolutegravir</a> + <a href="/wiki/Lamivudine" title="Lamivudine">lamivudine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Tenofovir" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenofovir">tenofovir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir" title="Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir">Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir</a><sup id="cite_ref-lamivudine_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamivudine-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir" title="Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir">Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">efavirenz</a> + <a href="/wiki/Lamivudine" title="Lamivudine">lamivudine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Tenofovir" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenofovir">tenofovir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emtricitabine/tenofovir" title="Emtricitabine/tenofovir">Emtricitabine/tenofovir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emtricitabine" title="Emtricitabine">emtricitabine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Tenofovir" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenofovir">tenofovir</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-lamivudine_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamivudine-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamivudine/zidovudine" title="Lamivudine/zidovudine">Lamivudine/zidovudine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lamivudine" title="Lamivudine">lamivudine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Zidovudine" title="Zidovudine">zidovudine</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Medicines_for_prevention_of_HIV-related_opportunistic_infections">Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim" title="Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim">Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Pyridoxine" title="Pyridoxine">pyridoxine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole" title="Sulfamethoxazole">sulfamethoxazole</a> + <a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim" title="Trimethoprim">trimethoprim</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Other_antivirals">Other antivirals</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Other antivirals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribavirin" title="Ribavirin">Ribavirin</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valganciclovir" title="Valganciclovir">Valganciclovir</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oseltamivir" title="Oseltamivir">Oseltamivir</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valganciclovir" title="Valganciclovir">Valganciclovir</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antihepatitis_medicines">Antihepatitis medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Antihepatitis medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Medicines_for_hepatitis_B">Medicines for hepatitis B</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Medicines for hepatitis B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Nucleoside/Nucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors_2"><span id="Nucleoside.2FNucleotide_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors_2"></span>Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entecavir" title="Entecavir">Entecavir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenofovir_disoproxil_fumarate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate">Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Medicines_for_hepatitis_C">Medicines for hepatitis C</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Medicines for hepatitis C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Pangenotypic_direct-acting_antiviral_combinations">Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daclatasvir" title="Daclatasvir">Daclatasvir</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir" class="mw-redirect" title="Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir">Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daclatasvir" title="Daclatasvir">daclatasvir</a> + <a href="/wiki/Sofosbuvir" title="Sofosbuvir">sofosbuvir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir" title="Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir">Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glecaprevir" title="Glecaprevir">glecaprevir</a> + <a href="/wiki/Pibrentasvir" title="Pibrentasvir">pibrentasvir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidasvir" title="Ravidasvir">Ravidasvir</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofosbuvir" title="Sofosbuvir">Sofosbuvir</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir" title="Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir">Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sofosbuvir" title="Sofosbuvir">sofosbuvir</a> + <a href="/wiki/Velpatasvir" title="Velpatasvir">velpatasvir</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Non-pangenotypic_direct-acting_antiviral_combinations">Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir" title="Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir">Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ledipasvir" title="Ledipasvir">ledipasvir</a> + <a href="/wiki/Sofosbuvir" title="Sofosbuvir">sofosbuvir</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Other_antivirals_for_hepatitis_C">Other antivirals for hepatitis C</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Other antivirals for hepatitis C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribavirin" title="Ribavirin">Ribavirin</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiprotozoal_medicines">Antiprotozoal medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Antiprotozoal medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antiamoebic_and_antigiardiasis_medicines">Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diloxanide" title="Diloxanide">Diloxanide</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metronidazole" title="Metronidazole">Metronidazole</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antileishmaniasis_medicines">Antileishmaniasis medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Antileishmaniasis medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphotericin_B" title="Amphotericin B">Amphotericin B</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meglumine_antimoniate" title="Meglumine antimoniate">Meglumine antimoniate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltefosine" title="Miltefosine">Miltefosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paromomycin" title="Paromomycin">Paromomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_stibogluconate" title="Sodium stibogluconate">Sodium stibogluconate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antimalarial_medicines">Antimalarial medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Antimalarial medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="For_curative_treatment">For curative treatment</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: For curative treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amodiaquine" title="Amodiaquine">Amodiaquine</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemether" title="Artemether">Artemether</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemether/lumefantrine" title="Artemether/lumefantrine">Artemether/lumefantrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Artemether" title="Artemether">artemether</a> + <a href="/wiki/Lumefantrine" title="Lumefantrine">lumefantrine</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artesunate" title="Artesunate">Artesunate</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artesunate/amodiaquine" title="Artesunate/amodiaquine">Artesunate/amodiaquine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Artesunate" title="Artesunate">artesunate</a> + <a href="/wiki/Amodiaquine" title="Amodiaquine">amodiaquine</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artesunate/mefloquine" title="Artesunate/mefloquine">Artesunate/mefloquine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Artesunate" title="Artesunate">artesunate</a> + <a href="/wiki/Mefloquine" title="Mefloquine">mefloquine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artesunate/pyronaridine_tetraphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate">Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Artesunate" title="Artesunate">artesunate</a> + <a href="/wiki/Pyronaridine_tetraphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyronaridine tetraphosphate">pyronaridine tetraphosphate</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine" title="Chloroquine">Chloroquine</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate">Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dihydroartemisinin" title="Dihydroartemisinin">dihydroartemisinin</a> + <a href="/wiki/Piperaquine_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Piperaquine phosphate">piperaquine phosphate</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxycycline" title="Doxycycline">Doxycycline</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefloquine" title="Mefloquine">Mefloquine</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primaquine" title="Primaquine">Primaquine</a><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">Quinine</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine" title="Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine">Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine" title="Sulfadoxine">sulfadoxine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">pyrimethamine</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="For_chemoprevention">For chemoprevention</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: For chemoprevention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amodiaquine" title="Amodiaquine">Amodiaquine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine" title="Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine">sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine</a> (Co-packaged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine" title="Chloroquine">Chloroquine</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxycycline" title="Doxycycline">Doxycycline</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefloquine" title="Mefloquine">Mefloquine</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proguanil" title="Proguanil">Proguanil</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine" title="Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine">Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine" title="Sulfadoxine">sulfadoxine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">pyrimethamine</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antipneumocystosis_and_antitoxoplasmosis_medicines">Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">Pyrimethamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadiazine" title="Sulfadiazine">Sulfadiazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim">Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole" title="Sulfamethoxazole">sulfamethoxazole</a> + <a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim" title="Trimethoprim">trimethoprim</a>)</li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentamidine" title="Pentamidine">Pentamidine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antitrypanosomal_medicines">Antitrypanosomal medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Antitrypanosomal medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="African_trypanosomiasis">African trypanosomiasis</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: African trypanosomiasis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fexinidazole" title="Fexinidazole">Fexinidazole</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Medicines_for_the_treatment_of_1st_stage_African_trypanosomiasis">Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentamidine" title="Pentamidine">Pentamidine</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suramin_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Suramin sodium">Suramin sodium</a><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Medicines_for_the_treatment_of_2nd_stage_African_trypanosomiasis">Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eflornithine" title="Eflornithine">Eflornithine</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melarsoprol" title="Melarsoprol">Melarsoprol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifurtimox" title="Nifurtimox">Nifurtimox</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melarsoprol" title="Melarsoprol">Melarsoprol</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="American_trypanosomiasis">American trypanosomiasis</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: American trypanosomiasis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benznidazole" title="Benznidazole">Benznidazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifurtimox" title="Nifurtimox">Nifurtimox</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_ectoparasitic_infections">Medicines for ectoparasitic infections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Medicines for ectoparasitic infections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_Ebola_virus_disease">Medicines for Ebola virus disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Medicines for Ebola virus disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansuvimab" title="Ansuvimab">Ansuvimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab" title="Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab">Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atoltivimab" title="Atoltivimab">atoltivimab</a> + <a href="/wiki/Maftivimab" title="Maftivimab">maftivimab</a> + <a href="/wiki/Odesivimab" title="Odesivimab">odesivimab</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_COVID-19">Medicines for COVID-19</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Medicines for COVID-19"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No listings in this section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antimigraine_medicines">Antimigraine medicines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Antimigraine medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_treatment_of_acute_attack">For treatment of acute attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: For treatment of acute attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetylsalicylic acid">Acetylsalicylic acid</a> (aspirin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol</a> (acetaminophen)<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatriptan" title="Sumatriptan">Sumatriptan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_prophylaxis">For prophylaxis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: For prophylaxis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propranolol" title="Propranolol">Propranolol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immunomodulators_and_antineoplastics">Immunomodulators and antineoplastics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Immunomodulators and antineoplastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immunomodulators_for_non-malignant_disease">Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adalimumab_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adalimumab-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">Azathioprine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclosporin" title="Ciclosporin">Ciclosporin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antineoplastics_and_supportive_medicines">Antineoplastics and supportive medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Antineoplastics and supportive medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cytotoxic_medicines">Cytotoxic medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Cytotoxic medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide" title="Arsenic trioxide">Arsenic trioxide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparaginase" title="Asparaginase">Asparaginase</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendamustine" title="Bendamustine">Bendamustine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleomycin" title="Bleomycin">Bleomycin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_folinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium folinate">Calcium folinate</a> (leucovorin calcium)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capecitabine" title="Capecitabine">Capecitabine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboplatin" title="Carboplatin">Carboplatin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorambucil" title="Chlorambucil">Chlorambucil</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisplatin" title="Cisplatin">Cisplatin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclophosphamide" title="Cyclophosphamide">Cyclophosphamide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytarabine" title="Cytarabine">Cytarabine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacarbazine" title="Dacarbazine">Dacarbazine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactinomycin" title="Dactinomycin">Dactinomycin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunorubicin" title="Daunorubicin">Daunorubicin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetaxel" title="Docetaxel">Docetaxel</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxorubicin" title="Doxorubicin">Doxorubicin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxorubicin" title="Doxorubicin">Doxorubicin</a> (as pegylated liposomal)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etoposide" title="Etoposide">Etoposide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludarabine" title="Fludarabine">Fludarabine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorouracil" title="Fluorouracil">Fluorouracil</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemcitabine" title="Gemcitabine">Gemcitabine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxycarbamide" title="Hydroxycarbamide">Hydroxycarbamide</a> (hydroxyurea)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifosfamide" title="Ifosfamide">Ifosfamide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irinotecan" title="Irinotecan">Irinotecan</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melphalan" title="Melphalan">Melphalan</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercaptopurine" title="Mercaptopurine">Mercaptopurine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaliplatin" title="Oxaliplatin">Oxaliplatin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegaspargase" title="Pegaspargase">Pegaspargase</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procarbazine" title="Procarbazine">Procarbazine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realgar-Indigo_naturalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Realgar-Indigo naturalis">Realgar <i>Indigo naturalis</i></a> formulation<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioguanine" title="Tioguanine">Tioguanine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinblastine" title="Vinblastine">Vinblastine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincristine" title="Vincristine">Vincristine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinorelbine" title="Vinorelbine">Vinorelbine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Targeted_therapies">Targeted therapies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Targeted therapies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tretinoin" title="Tretinoin">All-trans retinoic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tretinoin" title="Tretinoin">tretinoin</a>) (ATRA)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortezomib" title="Bortezomib">Bortezomib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasatinib" title="Dasatinib">Dasatinib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlotinib" title="Erlotinib">Erlotinib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everolimus" title="Everolimus">Everolimus</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrutinib" title="Ibrutinib">Ibrutinib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotinib" title="Nilotinib">Nilotinib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">Rituximab</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immunomodulators">Immunomodulators</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Immunomodulators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filgrastim" title="Filgrastim">Filgrastim</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenalidomide" title="Lenalidomide">Lenalidomide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegfilgrastim" title="Pegfilgrastim">Pegfilgrastim</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">Thalidomide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hormones_and_antihormones">Hormones and antihormones</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Hormones and antihormones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiraterone" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiraterone">Abiraterone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastrozole" title="Anastrozole">Anastrozole</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuprorelin" title="Leuprorelin">Leuprorelin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">Tamoxifen</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supportive_medicines">Supportive medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Supportive medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allopurinol" title="Allopurinol">Allopurinol</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesna" title="Mesna">Mesna</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasburicase" title="Rasburicase">Rasburicase</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoledronic_acid" title="Zoledronic acid">Zoledronic acid</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Therapeutic_foods">Therapeutic foods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Therapeutic foods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ready-to-use_therapeutic_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Ready-to-use therapeutic food">Ready-to-use therapeutic food</a><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicines_affecting_the_blood">Medicines affecting the blood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Medicines affecting the blood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antianaemia_medicines">Antianaemia medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Antianaemia medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_supplement" title="Iron supplement">Ferrous salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_salt/folic_acid" title="Ferrous salt/folic acid">Ferrous salt/folic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ferrous_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrous salt">ferrous salt</a> + <a href="/wiki/Folic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Folic acid">folic acid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Folic acid">Folic acid</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxocobalamin" title="Hydroxocobalamin">Hydroxocobalamin</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoiesis-stimulating_agent" title="Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent">Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_affecting_coagulation">Medicines affecting coagulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Medicines affecting coagulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dabigatran" title="Dabigatran">Dabigatran</a><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoxaparin" class="mw-redirect" title="Enoxaparin">Enoxaparin</a><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Heparin sodium">Heparin sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytomenadione" title="Phytomenadione">Phytomenadione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protamine_sulfate" title="Protamine sulfate">Protamine sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranexamic_acid" title="Tranexamic acid">Tranexamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">Warfarin</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desmopressin" title="Desmopressin">Desmopressin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Heparin sodium">Heparin sodium</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protamine_sulfate" title="Protamine sulfate">Protamine sulfate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">Warfarin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_medicines_for_haemoglobinopathies">Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deferasirox" title="Deferasirox">Deferasirox</a><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deferoxamine" title="Deferoxamine">Deferoxamine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxycarbamide" title="Hydroxycarbamide">Hydroxycarbamide</a> (hydroxyurea)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Blood_products_of_human_origin_and_plasma_substitutes">Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_and_blood_components">Blood and blood components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Blood and blood components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FreshFrozenPlasma.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A straw colored liquid inside a clear plastic bag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/FreshFrozenPlasma.JPG/220px-FreshFrozenPlasma.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/FreshFrozenPlasma.JPG/330px-FreshFrozenPlasma.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/FreshFrozenPlasma.JPG/440px-FreshFrozenPlasma.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="2090" /></a><figcaption>Bag containing one unit of fresh frozen plasma</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryoprecipitate" title="Cryoprecipitate">Cryoprecipitate</a>, pathogen-reduced<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_frozen_plasma" title="Fresh frozen plasma">Fresh frozen plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet_concentrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelet concentrates">Platelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packed_red_blood_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Packed red blood cell">Red blood cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_blood" title="Whole blood">Whole blood</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plasma-derived_medicines">Plasma-derived medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Plasma-derived medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Human_immunoglobulins">Human immunoglobulins</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Human immunoglobulins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rho(D)_immune_globulin" title="Rho(D) immune globulin">Rho(D) immune globulin</a> (anti-D immunoglobulin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-rabies_immunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-rabies immunoglobulin">Anti-rabies immunoglobulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tetanus_immunoglobulin" title="Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin">Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_normal_immunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Human normal immunoglobulin">Normal immunoglobulin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blood_coagulation_factors">Blood coagulation factors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Blood coagulation factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Factor_VIII_(medication)" title="Factor VIII (medication)">Coagulation factor VIII</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_IX_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Factor IX complex">Coagulation factor IX</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plasma_substitutes">Plasma substitutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: Plasma substitutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dextran_70" title="Dextran 70">Dextran 70</a><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cardiovascular_medicines">Cardiovascular medicines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: Cardiovascular medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antianginal_medicines">Antianginal medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Antianginal medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisoprolol" title="Bisoprolol">Bisoprolol</a><sup id="cite_ref-lolAlts_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lolAlts-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyceryl_trinitrate_(pharmacology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glyceryl trinitrate (pharmacology)">Glyceryl trinitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_dinitrate" title="Isosorbide dinitrate">Isosorbide dinitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verapamil" title="Verapamil">Verapamil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiarrhythmic_medicines">Antiarrhythmic medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Antiarrhythmic medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisoprolol" title="Bisoprolol">Bisoprolol</a><sup id="cite_ref-lolAlts_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lolAlts-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digoxin" title="Digoxin">Digoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)" title="Epinephrine (medication)">Epinephrine</a> (adrenaline)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verapamil" title="Verapamil">Verapamil</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone" title="Amiodarone">Amiodarone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antihypertensive_medicines">Antihypertensive medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Antihypertensive medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">Amlodipine</a><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisoprolol" title="Bisoprolol">Bisoprolol</a><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enalapril" title="Enalapril">Enalapril</a><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydralazine" title="Hydralazine">Hydralazine</a><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide" title="Hydrochlorothiazide">Hydrochlorothiazide</a><sup id="cite_ref-hydrochlorothiazide_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydrochlorothiazide-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisinopril/amlodipine" title="Lisinopril/amlodipine">Lisinopril/amlodipine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lisinopril" title="Lisinopril">lisinopril</a> + <a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">amlodipine</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide" title="Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide">Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lisinopril" title="Lisinopril">lisinopril</a> + <a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide" title="Hydrochlorothiazide">hydrochlorothiazide</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losartan" title="Losartan">Losartan</a><sup id="cite_ref-losartan_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losartan-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyldopa" title="Methyldopa">Methyldopa</a><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmisartan/amlodipine" title="Telmisartan/amlodipine">Telmisartan/amlodipine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telmisartan" title="Telmisartan">telmisartan</a> + <a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">amlodipine</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide" title="Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide">Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telmisartan" title="Telmisartan">telmisartan</a> + <a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide" title="Hydrochlorothiazide">hydrochlorothiazide</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside" title="Sodium nitroprusside">Sodium nitroprusside</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_used_in_heart_failure">Medicines used in heart failure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Medicines used in heart failure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisoprolol" title="Bisoprolol">Bisoprolol</a><sup id="cite_ref-lolAlts_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lolAlts-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digoxin" title="Digoxin">Digoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enalapril" title="Enalapril">Enalapril</a><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furosemide" title="Furosemide">Furosemide</a><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide" title="Hydrochlorothiazide">Hydrochlorothiazide</a><sup id="cite_ref-hydrochlorothiazide_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydrochlorothiazide-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losartan" title="Losartan">Losartan</a><sup id="cite_ref-losartan_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losartan-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digoxin" title="Digoxin">Digoxin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_(medication)" title="Dopamine (medication)">Dopamine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antithrombotic_medicines">Antithrombotic medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: Antithrombotic medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-platelet_medicines">Anti-platelet medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: Anti-platelet medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetylsalicylic acid">Acetylsalicylic acid</a> (aspirin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopidogrel" title="Clopidogrel">Clopidogrel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thrombolytic_medicines">Thrombolytic medicines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: Thrombolytic medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alteplase" title="Alteplase">Alteplase</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptokinase" title="Streptokinase">Streptokinase</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lipid-lowering_agents">Lipid-lowering agents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: Lipid-lowering agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">Simvastatin</a><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixed-dose_combinations_for_prevention_of_atherosclerotic_cardiovascular_disease">Fixed-dose combinations for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: Fixed-dose combinations for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetylsalicylic_acid/atorvastatin/ramipril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetylsalicylic acid/atorvastatin/ramipril (page does not exist)">Acetylsalicylic acid/atorvastatin/ramipril</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetylsalicylic acid">acetylsalicylic acid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Atorvastatin" title="Atorvastatin">atorvastatin</a> + <a href="/wiki/Ramipril" title="Ramipril">ramipril</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-atorvastatin_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atorvastatin-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ramipril_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramipril-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetylsalicylic_acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetylsalicylic acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide (page does not exist)">Acetylsalicylic acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetylsalicylic acid">acetylsalicylic acid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">simvastatin</a> + <a href="/wiki/Ramipril" title="Ramipril">ramipril</a> + <a href="/wiki/Atenolol" title="Atenolol">atenolol</a> + <a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide" title="Hydrochlorothiazide">hydrochlorothiazide</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ramipril_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramipril-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine (page does not exist)">Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atorvastatin" title="Atorvastatin">atorvastatin</a> + <a href="/wiki/Perindopril" title="Perindopril">perindopril</a> + <a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">amlodipine</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-atorvastatin_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atorvastatin-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dermatological_medicines_(topical)"><span id="Dermatological_medicines_.28topical.29"></span>Dermatological medicines (topical)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: Dermatological medicines (topical)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antifungal_medicines_2">Antifungal medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: Antifungal medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_disulfide" title="Selenium disulfide">Selenium sulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate_(medical_use)" title="Sodium thiosulfate (medical use)">Sodium thiosulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbinafine" title="Terbinafine">Terbinafine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-infective_medicines_2">Anti-infective medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: Anti-infective medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mupirocin" title="Mupirocin">Mupirocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate_(medical_use)" title="Potassium permanganate (medical use)">Potassium permanganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_sulfadiazine" title="Silver sulfadiazine">Silver sulfadiazine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-inflammatory_and_antipruritic_medicines">Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamine" title="Calamine">Calamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_affecting_skin_differentiation_and_proliferation">Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoyl_peroxide" title="Benzoyl peroxide">Benzoyl peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcipotriol" title="Calcipotriol">Calcipotriol</a><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_tar" title="Coal tar">Coal tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorouracil" title="Fluorouracil">Fluorouracil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podophyllum_resin" title="Podophyllum resin">Podophyllum resin</a><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid_(medical_use)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salicylic acid (medical use)">Salicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urea-containing_cream" title="Urea-containing cream">Urea</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scabicides_and_pediculicides">Scabicides and pediculicides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=102" title="Edit section: Scabicides and pediculicides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzyl_benzoate" title="Benzyl benzoate">Benzyl benzoate</a><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permethrin" title="Permethrin">Permethrin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnostic_agents">Diagnostic agents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=103" title="Edit section: Diagnostic agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ophthalmic_medicines">Ophthalmic medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=104" title="Edit section: Ophthalmic medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescein_(medical_use)" title="Fluorescein (medical use)">Fluorescein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropicamide" title="Tropicamide">Tropicamide</a><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radiocontrast_media">Radiocontrast media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=105" title="Edit section: Radiocontrast media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amidotrizoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amidotrizoate">Amidotrizoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_sulfate_suspension" title="Barium sulfate suspension">Barium sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iohexol" title="Iohexol">Iohexol</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barium_sulfate_suspension" title="Barium sulfate suspension">Barium sulfate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meglumine_iotroxate" class="mw-redirect" title="Meglumine iotroxate">Meglumine iotroxate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiseptics_and_disinfectants">Antiseptics and disinfectants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=106" title="Edit section: Antiseptics and disinfectants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiseptics">Antiseptics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=107" title="Edit section: Antiseptics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorhexidine" title="Chlorhexidine">Chlorhexidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(medical_use)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol (medical use)">Ethanol</a><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povidone-iodine" title="Povidone-iodine">Povidone iodine</a><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disinfectants">Disinfectants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=108" title="Edit section: Disinfectants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_based_hand_rub" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol based hand rub">Alcohol based hand rub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_base_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorine base compound">Chlorine base compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroxylenol" title="Chloroxylenol">Chloroxylenol</a><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutaral" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutaral">Glutaral</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diuretics">Diuretics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=109" title="Edit section: Diuretics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiloride" title="Amiloride">Amiloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furosemide" title="Furosemide">Furosemide</a><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide" title="Hydrochlorothiazide">Hydrochlorothiazide</a><sup id="cite_ref-hydrochlorothiazide_137-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydrochlorothiazide-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannitol" title="Mannitol">Mannitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide" title="Hydrochlorothiazide">Hydrochlorothiazide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannitol" title="Mannitol">Mannitol</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gastrointestinal_medicines">Gastrointestinal medicines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=110" title="Edit section: Gastrointestinal medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_enzymes_(medication)" title="Pancreatic enzymes (medication)">Pancreatic enzymes</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiulcer_medicines">Antiulcer medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=111" title="Edit section: Antiulcer medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omeprazole" title="Omeprazole">Omeprazole</a><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine">Ranitidine</a><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiemetic_medicines">Antiemetic medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=112" title="Edit section: Antiemetic medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metoclopramide" title="Metoclopramide">Metoclopramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondansetron" title="Ondansetron">Ondansetron</a><sup id="cite_ref-ondansetron_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ondansetron-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aprepitant" title="Aprepitant">Aprepitant</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-inflammatory_medicines">Anti-inflammatory medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=113" title="Edit section: Anti-inflammatory medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfasalazine" title="Sulfasalazine">Sulfasalazine</a><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laxatives">Laxatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=114" title="Edit section: Laxatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senna_glycosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Senna glycosides">Senna</a><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_used_in_diarrhoea">Medicines used in diarrhoea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=115" title="Edit section: Medicines used in diarrhoea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral rehydration salts">Oral rehydration salts</a> + <a href="/wiki/Zinc_sulfate_(medical_use)" title="Zinc sulfate (medical use)">zinc sulfate</a> (Co-packaged)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oral_rehydration">Oral rehydration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=116" title="Edit section: Oral rehydration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral rehydration salts">Oral rehydration salts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medicines_for_diarrhoea">Medicines for diarrhoea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=117" title="Edit section: Medicines for diarrhoea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_sulfate_(medical_use)" title="Zinc sulfate (medical use)">Zinc sulfate</a><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicines_for_endocrine_disorders">Medicines for endocrine disorders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=118" title="Edit section: Medicines for endocrine disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adrenal_hormones_and_synthetic_substitutes">Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=119" title="Edit section: Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">Fludrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Androgens">Androgens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=120" title="Edit section: Androgens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">Testosterone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estrogens">Estrogens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=121" title="Edit section: Estrogens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No listings in this section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progestogens">Progestogens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=122" title="Edit section: Progestogens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">Medroxyprogesterone acetate</a><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_diabetes">Medicines for diabetes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=123" title="Edit section: Medicines for diabetes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Insulins">Insulins</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=124" title="Edit section: Insulins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insulin_injection_(soluble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulin injection (soluble)">Insulin injection (soluble)</a><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate-acting_insulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate-acting insulin">Intermediate-acting insulin</a><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-acting_insulin_analogues" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-acting insulin analogues">Long-acting insulin analogues</a><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oral_hypoglycaemic_agents">Oral hypoglycaemic agents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=125" title="Edit section: Oral hypoglycaemic agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empagliflozin" title="Empagliflozin">Empagliflozin</a><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliclazide" title="Gliclazide">Gliclazide</a><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metformin" title="Metformin">Metformin</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metformin" title="Metformin">Metformin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_hypoglycaemia">Medicines for hypoglycaemia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=126" title="Edit section: Medicines for hypoglycaemia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucagon_(medication)" title="Glucagon (medication)">Glucagon</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diazoxide" title="Diazoxide">Diazoxide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thyroid_hormones_and_antithyroid_medicines">Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=127" title="Edit section: Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levothyroxine" title="Levothyroxine">Levothyroxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">Potassium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methimazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Methimazole">Methimazole</a><sup id="cite_ref-methimazole_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-methimazole-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylthiouracil" title="Propylthiouracil">Propylthiouracil</a><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lugol%27s_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugol's solution">Lugol's solution</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methimazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Methimazole">Methimazole</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-methimazole_175-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-methimazole-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">Potassium iodide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylthiouracil" title="Propylthiouracil">Propylthiouracil</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_disorders_of_the_pituitary_hormone_system">Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=128" title="Edit section: Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabergoline" title="Cabergoline">Cabergoline</a><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octreotide" title="Octreotide">Octreotide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immunologicals">Immunologicals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=129" title="Edit section: Immunologicals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diagnostic_agents_2">Diagnostic agents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=130" title="Edit section: Diagnostic agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculin" title="Tuberculin">Tuberculin</a>, purified protein derivative (PPD)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sera,_immunoglobulins_and_monoclonal_antibodies"><span id="Sera.2C_immunoglobulins_and_monoclonal_antibodies"></span>Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=131" title="Edit section: Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies<sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antivenom_immunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Antivenom immunoglobulin">Antivenom immunoglobulin</a><sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphtheria_antitoxin" title="Diphtheria antitoxin">Diphtheria antitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_immunoglobulin" title="Rabies immunoglobulin">Equine rabies immunoglobulin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vaccines">Vaccines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=132" title="Edit section: Vaccines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dukoral_package_vaccine_vial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A small vial with writing on it being removed from a cardboard package" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dukoral_package_vaccine_vial.jpg/220px-Dukoral_package_vaccine_vial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dukoral_package_vaccine_vial.jpg/330px-Dukoral_package_vaccine_vial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dukoral_package_vaccine_vial.jpg/440px-Dukoral_package_vaccine_vial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A vial of oral cholera vaccine</figcaption></figure> <p>Recommendations for all </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCG_vaccine" title="BCG vaccine">BCG vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphtheria_vaccine" title="Diphtheria vaccine">Diphtheria vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae_type_b_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine">Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measles_vaccine" title="Measles vaccine">Measles vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertussis_vaccine" title="Pertussis vaccine">Pertussis vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal vaccine">Pneumococcal vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis vaccine">Poliomyelitis vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccine" title="Rotavirus vaccine">Rotavirus vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubella_vaccine" title="Rubella vaccine">Rubella vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetanus_vaccine" title="Tetanus vaccine">Tetanus vaccine</a></li></ul> <p>Recommendations for certain regions </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis_vaccine" title="Japanese encephalitis vaccine">Japanese encephalitis vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-regional_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regional-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick-borne_encephalitis_vaccine" title="Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine">Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-regional_180-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regional-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine" title="Yellow fever vaccine">Yellow fever vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-regional_180-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regional-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Recommendations for some high-risk populations </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholera_vaccine" title="Cholera vaccine">Cholera vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-highrisk_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highrisk-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengue_vaccine" title="Dengue vaccine">Dengue vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-highrisk_181-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highrisk-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A vaccine">Hepatitis A vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-highrisk_181-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highrisk-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meningococcal_meningitis_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Meningococcal meningitis vaccine">Meningococcal meningitis vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-highrisk_181-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highrisk-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_vaccine" title="Rabies vaccine">Rabies vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-highrisk_181-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highrisk-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoid_vaccine" title="Typhoid vaccine">Typhoid vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-highrisk_181-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highrisk-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Recommendations for immunization programmes with certain characteristics </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">Influenza vaccine</a> (seasonal)<sup id="cite_ref-certainprogrammes_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-certainprogrammes-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumps_vaccine" title="Mumps vaccine">Mumps vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-certainprogrammes_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-certainprogrammes-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varicella_vaccine" title="Varicella vaccine">Varicella vaccine</a><sup id="cite_ref-certainprogrammes_182-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-certainprogrammes-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muscle_relaxants_(peripherally-acting)_and_cholinesterase_inhibitors"><span id="Muscle_relaxants_.28peripherally-acting.29_and_cholinesterase_inhibitors"></span>Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=133" title="Edit section: Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atracurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Atracurium">Atracurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neostigmine" title="Neostigmine">Neostigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suxamethonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Suxamethonium">Suxamethonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecuronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vecuronium">Vecuronium</a><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyridostigmine" title="Pyridostigmine">Pyridostigmine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecuronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vecuronium">Vecuronium</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ophthalmological_preparations">Ophthalmological preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=134" title="Edit section: Ophthalmological preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-infective_agents">Anti-infective agents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=135" title="Edit section: Anti-infective agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aciclovir" title="Aciclovir">Aciclovir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azithromycin" title="Azithromycin">Azithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentamicin" title="Gentamicin">Gentamicin</a><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natamycin" title="Natamycin">Natamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofloxacin" title="Ofloxacin">Ofloxacin</a><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-inflammatory_agents">Anti-inflammatory agents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=136" title="Edit section: Anti-inflammatory agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_anesthetics">Local anesthetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=137" title="Edit section: Local anesthetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetracaine" title="Tetracaine">Tetracaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miotics_and_antiglaucoma_medicines">Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=138" title="Edit section: Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetazolamide" title="Acetazolamide">Acetazolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latanoprost" title="Latanoprost">Latanoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilocarpine" title="Pilocarpine">Pilocarpine</a><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timolol" title="Timolol">Timolol</a><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mydriatics">Mydriatics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=139" title="Edit section: Mydriatics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)" title="Epinephrine (medication)">Epinephrine</a> (adrenaline)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_(VEGF)_preparations"><span id="Anti-vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_.28VEGF.29_preparations"></span>Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=140" title="Edit section: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosimilars_46-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicines_for_reproductive_health_and_perinatal_care">Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=141" title="Edit section: Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contraceptives">Contraceptives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=142" title="Edit section: Contraceptives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oral_hormonal_contraceptives">Oral hormonal contraceptives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=143" title="Edit section: Oral hormonal contraceptives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel" title="Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel">Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">ethinylestradiol</a> + <a href="/wiki/Levonorgestrel" title="Levonorgestrel">levonorgestrel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone" title="Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone">Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">ethinylestradiol</a> + <a href="/wiki/Norethisterone" title="Norethisterone">norethisterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonorgestrel" title="Levonorgestrel">Levonorgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulipristal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulipristal">Ulipristal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Injectable_hormonal_contraceptives">Injectable hormonal contraceptives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=144" title="Edit section: Injectable hormonal contraceptives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_cypionate/medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate">Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estradiol_cypionate" title="Estradiol cypionate">estradiol cypionate</a> + <a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">medroxyprogesterone acetate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">Medroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norethisterone_enantate" class="mw-redirect" title="Norethisterone enantate">Norethisterone enantate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intrauterine_devices">Intrauterine devices</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=145" title="Edit section: Intrauterine devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IUD_with_copper" class="mw-redirect" title="IUD with copper">Copper-containing device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormonal_intrauterine_device" title="Hormonal intrauterine device">Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Barrier_methods">Barrier methods</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=146" title="Edit section: Barrier methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_(contraceptive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaphragm (contraceptive)">Diaphragms</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Implantable_contraceptives">Implantable contraceptives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=147" title="Edit section: Implantable contraceptives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etonogestrel_birth_control_implant" class="mw-redirect" title="Etonogestrel birth control implant">Etonogestrel-releasing implant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonorgestrel-releasing_implant" title="Levonorgestrel-releasing implant">Levonorgestrel-releasing implant</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intravaginal_contraceptives">Intravaginal contraceptives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=148" title="Edit section: Intravaginal contraceptives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel" title="Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel">Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">ethinylestradiol</a> + <a href="/wiki/Etonogestrel" title="Etonogestrel">etonogestrel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone_vaginal_ring" title="Progesterone vaginal ring">Progesterone vaginal ring</a><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ovulation_inducers">Ovulation inducers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=149" title="Edit section: Ovulation inducers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clomifene" title="Clomifene">Clomifene</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letrozole" title="Letrozole">Letrozole</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uterotonics">Uterotonics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=150" title="Edit section: Uterotonics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbetocin" title="Carbetocin">Carbetocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergometrine" title="Ergometrine">Ergometrine</a><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a> + <a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">misoprostol</a> (Co-packaged)<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxytocin_(medication)" title="Oxytocin (medication)">Oxytocin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antioxytocics_(tocolytics)"><span id="Antioxytocics_.28tocolytics.29"></span>Antioxytocics (tocolytics)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=151" title="Edit section: Antioxytocics (tocolytics)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">Nifedipine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_medicines_administered_to_the_mother">Other medicines administered to the mother</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=152" title="Edit section: Other medicines administered to the mother"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multivitamin" title="Multivitamin">Multiple micronutrient supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranexamic_acid" title="Tranexamic acid">Tranexamic acid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_administered_to_the_neonate">Medicines administered to the neonate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=153" title="Edit section: Medicines administered to the neonate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine_citrate" title="Caffeine citrate">Caffeine citrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorhexidine" title="Chlorhexidine">Chlorhexidine</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E1</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_surfactant_(medication)" title="Pulmonary surfactant (medication)">Surfactant</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peritoneal_dialysis_solution">Peritoneal dialysis solution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=154" title="Edit section: Peritoneal dialysis solution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intraperitoneal_dialysis_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Intraperitoneal dialysis solution">Intraperitoneal dialysis solution</a> (of appropriate composition)<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicines_for_mental_and_behavioural_disorders">Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=155" title="Edit section: Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_used_in_psychotic_disorders">Medicines used in psychotic disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=156" title="Edit section: Medicines used in psychotic disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluphenazine" title="Fluphenazine">Fluphenazine</a><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloperidol" title="Haloperidol">Haloperidol</a><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">Olanzapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliperidone" title="Paliperidone">Paliperidone</a><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">Risperidone</a><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">Clozapine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_used_in_mood_disorders">Medicines used in mood disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=157" title="Edit section: Medicines used in mood disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medicines_used_in_depressive_disorders">Medicines used in depressive disorders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=158" title="Edit section: Medicines used in depressive disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a><sup id="cite_ref-fluoxetine_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fluoxetine-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medicines_used_in_bipolar_disorders">Medicines used in bipolar disorders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=159" title="Edit section: Medicines used in bipolar disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_(medication)" title="Lithium (medication)">Lithium carbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">Quetiapine</a><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a> (sodium valproate)<sup id="cite_ref-sodium_valproate_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sodium_valproate-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_anxiety_disorders">Medicines for anxiety disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=160" title="Edit section: Medicines for anxiety disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a><sup id="cite_ref-fluoxetine_203-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fluoxetine-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_used_for_obsessive_compulsive_disorders">Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=161" title="Edit section: Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">Clomipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a><sup id="cite_ref-fluoxetine_203-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fluoxetine-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_disorders_due_to_psychoactive_substance_use">Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=162" title="Edit section: Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medicines_for_alcohol_use_disorders">Medicines for alcohol use disorders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=163" title="Edit section: Medicines for alcohol use disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamprosate_calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Acamprosate calcium">Acamprosate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrexone" title="Naltrexone">Naltrexone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medicines_for_nicotine_use_disorders">Medicines for nicotine use disorders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=164" title="Edit section: Medicines for nicotine use disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_replacement_therapy" title="Nicotine replacement therapy">Nicotine replacement therapy</a> (NRT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenicline" title="Varenicline">Varenicline</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicines_acting_on_the_respiratory_tract">Medicines acting on the respiratory tract</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=165" title="Edit section: Medicines acting on the respiratory tract"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiasthmatic_medicines_and_medicines_for_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease">Antiasthmatic medicines and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=166" title="Edit section: Antiasthmatic medicines and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide/formoterol" title="Budesonide/formoterol">Budesonide/formoterol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">budesonide</a> + <a href="/wiki/Formoterol" title="Formoterol">formoterol</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)" title="Epinephrine (medication)">Epinephrine</a> (adrenaline)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide" title="Ipratropium bromide">Ipratropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">Salbutamol</a><sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiotropium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiotropium">Tiotropium</a><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Solutions_correcting_water,_electrolyte_and_acid-base_disturbances"><span id="Solutions_correcting_water.2C_electrolyte_and_acid-base_disturbances"></span>Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=167" title="Edit section: Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oral">Oral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=168" title="Edit section: Oral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral rehydration salts">Oral rehydration salts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride_(medical_use)" title="Potassium chloride (medical use)">Potassium chloride</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parenteral">Parenteral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=169" title="Edit section: Parenteral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_sugar_solution" title="Intravenous sugar solution">Glucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_sugar_solution" title="Intravenous sugar solution">Glucose with sodium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride_(medical_use)" title="Potassium chloride (medical use)">Potassium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saline_(medicine)" title="Saline (medicine)">Sodium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_sodium_bicarbonate" title="Intravenous sodium bicarbonate">Sodium hydrogen carbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_lactate,_compound_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium lactate, compound solution">Sodium lactate, compound solution</a> (Ringer's lactate solution)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=170" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_for_injection" title="Water for injection">Water for injection</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vitamins_and_minerals">Vitamins and minerals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=171" title="Edit section: Vitamins and minerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascorbic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascorbic acid">Ascorbic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_supplement" title="Calcium supplement">Calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colecalciferol" class="mw-redirect" title="Colecalciferol">Colecalciferol</a><sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergocalciferol" title="Ergocalciferol">Ergocalciferol</a><sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_(medical_use)" title="Iodine (medical use)">Iodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_micronutrient_powder" title="Multiple micronutrient powder">Multiple micronutrient powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide" title="Nicotinamide">Nicotinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyridoxine" title="Pyridoxine">Pyridoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol">Retinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_gluconate" title="Calcium gluconate">Calcium gluconate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ear,_nose_and_throat_medicines"><span id="Ear.2C_nose_and_throat_medicines"></span>Ear, nose and throat medicines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=172" title="Edit section: Ear, nose and throat medicines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid_(medical_use)" title="Acetic acid (medical use)">Acetic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciprofloxacin" title="Ciprofloxacin">Ciprofloxacin</a><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylometazoline" title="Xylometazoline">Xylometazoline</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicines_for_diseases_of_joints">Medicines for diseases of joints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=173" title="Edit section: Medicines for diseases of joints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_used_to_treat_gout">Medicines used to treat gout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=174" title="Edit section: Medicines used to treat gout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allopurinol" title="Allopurinol">Allopurinol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disease-modifying_anti-rheumatic_drugs_(DMARDs)"><span id="Disease-modifying_anti-rheumatic_drugs_.28DMARDs.29"></span>Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=175" title="Edit section: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine" title="Chloroquine">Chloroquine</a></li></ul> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">Azathioprine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">Hydroxychloroquine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penicillamine" title="Penicillamine">Penicillamine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfasalazine" title="Sulfasalazine">Sulfasalazine</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicines_for_juvenile_joint_diseases">Medicines for juvenile joint diseases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=176" title="Edit section: Medicines for juvenile joint diseases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complementary: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Acetylsalicylic acid</a> (aspirin)<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adalimumab_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adalimumab-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_hexacetonide" title="Triamcinolone hexacetonide">Triamcinolone hexacetonide</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Alpha"><a href="#endnote_Alpha">α</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dental_medicines_and_preparations">Dental medicines and preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=177" title="Edit section: Dental medicines and preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluoride_therapy" title="Fluoride therapy">Fluoride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ionomer_cement" title="Glass ionomer cement">Glass ionomer cement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resin-based_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Resin-based composite">Resin-based composite</a> (low-viscosity)<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resin-based_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Resin-based composite">Resin-based composite</a> (high-viscosity)<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_diamine_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver diamine fluoride">Silver diamine fluoride</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=178" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Alpha"><sup></sup></span> An <b><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Α">α</a></b> indicates the medicine is on the complementary list for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring or training is needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or a less attractive <a href="/wiki/Cost-benefit_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost-benefit ratio">cost-benefit ratio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015List_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015List-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(For use in spinal anaesthesia during delivery, to prevent hypotension).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No more than 30% oxygen should be used to initiate resuscitation of neonates less than or equal to 32 weeks of gestation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not in children less than three months.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the management of cancer pain</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">Hydromorphone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">oxycodone</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the management of cancer pain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ondansetron-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ondansetron_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ondansetron_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dolasetron" title="Dolasetron">Dolasetron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granisetron" title="Granisetron">granisetron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palonosetron" title="Palonosetron">palonosetron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tropisetron" title="Tropisetron">tropisetron</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cetirizine" title="Cetirizine">Cetirizine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fexofenadine" title="Fexofenadine">fexofenadine</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications (EMLc).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant partial or generalized seizures.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">midazolam</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use in eclampsia and severe pre‐eclampsia and not for other convulsant disorders.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For buccal administration when solution for oromucosal administration is not available.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The presence of both 25 mg/5 mL and 30 mg/5 mL strengths on the same market would cause confusion in prescribing and dispensing and should be avoided.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sodium_valproate-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sodium_valproate_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sodium_valproate_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sodium_valproate_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Avoid use in pregnancy and in women and girls of child-bearing potential, unless alternative treatments are ineffective or not tolerated because of the high risk of birth defects and developmental disorders in children exposed to valproate in the womb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biosimilars-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosimilars_46-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Including quality-assured biosimilars</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Trihexyphenidyl" title="Trihexyphenidyl">Trihexyphenidyl</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benserazide" title="Benserazide">benserazide</a> is an alternative for carbidopa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxamniquine is listed for use when praziquantel treatment fails.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 1 month.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only for the presumptive treatment of epidemic meningitis in children older than two years and in adults.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01CF" title="ATC code J01">J01CF</a> Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin are preferred for oral administration due to better bioavailability.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Use in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when no alternative exists.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Third-generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized neonates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinemia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 41 weeks corrected gestational age.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a> is an alternative as second choice treatment for pharyngitis in children (EMLc only)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use in combination regimens for eradication of <i>H. pylori</i> in adults.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vancomycin powder for injection may also be used for oral administration</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Imipenem/cilastatin" title="Imipenem/cilastatin">Imipenem/cilastatin</a> is an alternative for complicated intraabdominal infections and high-risk febrile neutropenia only, except for acute bacterial meningitis in neonates, where meropenem is preferred</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tedizolid_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tedizolid phosphate">Tedizolid phosphate</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use only in combination with <a href="/wiki/Meropenem" title="Meropenem">meropenem</a> or <a href="/wiki/Imipenem/cilastatin" title="Imipenem/cilastatin">imipenem/cilastatin</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Terizidone" title="Terizidone">Terizidone</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Prothionamide" title="Prothionamide">Prothionamide</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Imipenem/cilastatin" title="Imipenem/cilastatin">Imipenem/cilastatin</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For treatment of chronic pulmonary <a href="/wiki/Aspergillosis" title="Aspergillosis">aspergillosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Histoplasmosis" title="Histoplasmosis">histoplasmosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sporotrichosis" title="Sporotrichosis">sporotrichosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis" title="Paracoccidioidomycosis">paracoccidioidomycosis</a>, mycoses caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Talaromyces_marneffei" title="Talaromyces marneffei">Talaromyces marneffei</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Chromoblastomycosis" title="Chromoblastomycosis">chromoblastomycosis</a>; and prophylaxis of histoplasmosis and infections caused by <i>Talaromyces marneffei</i> in AIDS patients.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and acute invasive aspergillosis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anidulafungin" title="Anidulafungin">Anidulafungin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caspofungin" title="Caspofungin">caspofungin</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Valaciclovir" title="Valaciclovir">Valaciclovir</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">also indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 6 weeks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 3 years</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use in pregnant women and in second-line regimens in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lamivudine-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lamivudine_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lamivudine_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lamivudine" title="Lamivudine">lamivudine</a> is an alternative for emtricitabine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">combination also indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Cytomegalovirus" title="Cytomegalovirus">cytomegalovirus</a> retinitis (CMVr).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For severe illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in critically ill hospitalized patients</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVr).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pangenotypic when used in combination with <a href="/wiki/Sofosbuvir" title="Sofosbuvir">sofosbuvir</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pangenotypic when used in combination with <a href="/wiki/Sofosbuvir" title="Sofosbuvir">sofosbuvir</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pangenotypic when used in combination with <a href="/wiki/Daclatasvir" title="Daclatasvir">daclatasvir</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ravidasvir" title="Ravidasvir">ravidasvir</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the treatment of hepatitis C, in combination with direct acting anti-viral medicines</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 25 kg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tinidazole" title="Tinidazole">Tinidazole</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liposomal amphotericin B has a better safety profile than the sodium deoxycholate formulation and should be prioritized for selection and use depending on local availability and cost.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">To be used in combination with <a href="/wiki/Artesunate" title="Artesunate">artesunate</a> 50 mg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use in the management of severe malaria.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To be used in combination with either <a href="/wiki/Amodiaquine" title="Amodiaquine">amodiaquine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mefloquine" title="Mefloquine">mefloquine</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine" title="Sulfadoxine">sulfadoxine</a> + <a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">pyrimethamine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 5 kg</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use only for the treatment of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> infection.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 5 kg</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use only in combination with <a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">quinine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only for use to achieve radical cure of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> and <i>Plasmodium ovale</i> infections, given for 14 days.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with <a href="/wiki/Doxycycline" title="Doxycycline">doxycycline</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only in combination with <a href="/wiki/Artesunate" title="Artesunate">artesunate</a> 50 mg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use only in Central American regions, for <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> infections.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 8 years.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">> 5 kg or > 3 months.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use only in combination with <a href="/wiki/Chloroquine" title="Chloroquine">chloroquine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the treatment of 1st and 2nd stage human African trypanosomiasis due to <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> infection.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To be used for the treatment of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> infection.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> infection.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To be used for the treatment of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> infection</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> infection.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The presence of both 120 mg/5 mL and 125 mg/5mL strengths on the same market would cause confusion in prescribing and dispensing and should be avoided.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adalimumab-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adalimumab_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adalimumab_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Certolizumab_pegol" title="Certolizumab pegol">Certolizumab pegol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etanercept" title="Etanercept">etanercept</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golimumab" title="Golimumab">golimumab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab">infliximab</a> are alternatives, including quality-assured <a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilars</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gefitinib" title="Gefitinib">gefitinib</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab">Pembrolizumab</a> is an alternative, including quality-assured <a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilars</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Enzalutamide" title="Enzalutamide">Enzalutamide</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_L02#L02BG" title="ATC code L02">L02BG</a> Aromatase inhibitors)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nilutamide" title="Nilutamide">nilutamide</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Goserelin" title="Goserelin">Goserelin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triptorelin" title="Triptorelin">triptorelin</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biscuit or paste of nutritional composition as determined by the UN joint statement on the community-based management of severe acute malnutrition and <a href="/wiki/Codex_alimentarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex alimentarius">Codex alimentarius</a> guidelines.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">periconceptual use for prevention of first occurrence of neural tube defects</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_alfa" title="Epoetin alfa">Epoetin alfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epoetin_beta" title="Epoetin beta">beta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epoetin_theta" title="Epoetin theta">theta</a>; <a href="/wiki/Darbepoetin_alfa" title="Darbepoetin alfa">darbepoetin alfa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Methoxy_polyethylene_glycol-epoetin_beta" title="Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta">methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta</a>; and their quality-assured biosimilars are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Apixaban" title="Apixaban">Apixaban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edoxaban" title="Edoxaban">edoxaban</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rivaroxaban" title="Rivaroxaban">rivaroxaban</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are <a href="/wiki/Dalteparin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalteparin">dalteparin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nadroparin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadroparin">nadroparin</a>, including their quality-assured biosimilars.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Deferiprone" title="Deferiprone">Deferiprone</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cryoprecipitate (not pathogen-reduced) is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">coagulation factor IX complex is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Polygeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygeline">Polygeline</a>, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lolAlts-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lolAlts_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lolAlts_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lolAlts_132-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">Carvedilol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metoprolol" title="Metoprolol">metoprolol</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C08#C08CA" title="ATC code C08">C08CA</a> Dihydropyridine derivatives)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes <a href="/wiki/Atenolol" title="Atenolol">atenolol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">carvedilol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metoprolol" title="Metoprolol">metoprolol</a> as alternatives. Atenolol should not be used as a first-line agent in uncomplicated hypertension in patients > 60 years.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09AA" title="ATC code C09">C09AA</a> ACE inhibitors, plain)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hydralazine is listed for use only in the acute management of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the evidence of greater efficacy and safety of other medicines.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hydrochlorothiazide-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hydrochlorothiazide_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hydrochlorothiazide_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hydrochlorothiazide_137-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chlorothiazide" title="Chlorothiazide">Chlorothiazide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorthalidone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorthalidone">chlorthalidone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indapamide" title="Indapamide">indapamide</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09AA" title="ATC code C09">C09AA</a> ACE inhibitors, plain) (for lisinopril) and 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C08#C08CA" title="ATC code C08">C08CA</a> Dihydropyridine derivatives) (for amlodipine)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09AA" title="ATC code C09">C09AA</a> ACE inhibitors, plain) (for lisinopril) and chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, indapamide (for hydrochlorothiazide)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-losartan-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-losartan_140-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-losartan_140-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09CA" title="ATC code C09">C09CA</a> Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Methyldopa is listed for use only in the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the evidence of greater efficacy and safety of other medicines.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09CA" title="ATC code C09">C09CA</a> Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain) (for telmisartan) and 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C08#C08CA" title="ATC code C08">C08CA</a> Dihydropyridine derivatives) (for amlodipine)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09CA" title="ATC code C09">C09CA</a> Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain) (for telmisartan) and chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, indapamide (for hydrochlorothiazide)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09AA" title="ATC code C09">C09AA</a> ACE inhibitors, plain)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bumetanide" title="Bumetanide">Bumetanide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torasemide" title="Torasemide">torasemide</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use in high‐risk patients. <a href="/wiki/Atorvastatin" title="Atorvastatin">Atorvastatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluvastatin" title="Fluvastatin">fluvastatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovastatin" title="Lovastatin">lovastatin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pravastatin" title="Pravastatin">pravastatin</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atorvastatin-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atorvastatin_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atorvastatin_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fluvastatin" title="Fluvastatin">fluvastatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovastatin" title="Lovastatin">lovastatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravastatin" title="Pravastatin">pravastatin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">simvastatin</a> are alternatives for atorvastatin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ramipril-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ramipril_148-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramipril_148-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09AA" title="ATC code C09">C09AA</a> ACE inhibitors, plain) are alternatives for ramipril</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Atorvastatin" title="Atorvastatin">atorvastatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluvastatin" title="Fluvastatin">fluvastatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovastatin" title="Lovastatin">lovastatin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pravastatin" title="Pravastatin">pravastatin</a> are alternatives for simvastatin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bisoprolol" title="Bisoprolol">bisoprolol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">carvedilol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metoprolol" title="Metoprolol">metoprolol</a> are alternatives for atenolol</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chlorthalidone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorthalidone">chlorthalidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorothiazide" title="Chlorothiazide">chlorothiazide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indapamide" title="Indapamide">indapamide</a> are alternatives for hydrochlorothiazide</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C09#C09AA" title="ATC code C09">C09AA</a> ACE inhibitors, plain) are alternatives for perindopril</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C08#C08CA" title="ATC code C08">C08CA</a> Dihydropyridine derivatives) are alternatives for amlodipine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D01#D01AC" title="ATC code D01">D01AC</a> Imidazole and triazole derivatives) excluding combinations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D07#D07AC" title="ATC code D07">D07AC</a> Corticosteroids, potent (group III))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D07#D07AA" title="ATC code D07">D07AA</a> Corticosteroids, weak (group I))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Calcitriol" title="Calcitriol">Calcitriol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tacalcitol" title="Tacalcitol">tacalcitol</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Podophyllotoxin" title="Podophyllotoxin">Podophyllotoxin</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">precipitated sulfur topical ointment is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyclopentolate" title="Cyclopentolate">cyclopentolate</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Propanol" title="Propanol">Propanol</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D08#D08AE" title="ATC code D08">D08AE</a> Phenol and derivatives)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bumetanide" title="Bumetanide">Bumetanide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torasemide" title="Torasemide">torasemide</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chlorothiazide" title="Chlorothiazide">Chlorothiazide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chlorthalidone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorthalidone">chlorthalidone</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A02#A02BC" title="ATC code A02">A02BC</a> Proton pump inhibitors) excluding combinations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A02#A02BA" title="ATC code A02">A02BA</a> H2-receptor antagonists) excluding combinations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mesalazine" title="Mesalazine">Mesalazine</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bisacodyl" title="Bisacodyl">Bisacodyl</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norethisterone" title="Norethisterone">Norethisterone</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Insulin_degludec" title="Insulin degludec">Insulin degludec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insulin_detemir" title="Insulin detemir">insulin detemir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Insulin_glargine" title="Insulin glargine">insulin glargine</a>, including quality-assured biosimilars are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Canagliflozin" title="Canagliflozin">Canagliflozin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dapagliflozin" title="Dapagliflozin">dapagliflozin</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glibenclamide not suitable above 60 years. Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A10#A10BB" title="ATC code A10">A10BB</a> Sulfonylureas)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-methimazole-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-methimazole_175-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-methimazole_175-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carbimazole" title="Carbimazole">Carbimazole</a> is an alternative depending on local availability</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use when alternative first-line treatment is not appropriate or available; and in patients during the first trimester of pregnancy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use when alternative first-line treatment is not appropriate or available</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bromocriptine" title="Bromocriptine">bromocriptine</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exact type to be defined locally</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regional-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-regional_180-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regional_180-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regional_180-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Recommended for certain regions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-highrisk-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-highrisk_181-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-highrisk_181-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-highrisk_181-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-highrisk_181-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-highrisk_181-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-highrisk_181-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Recommended for some high-risk populations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-certainprogrammes-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-certainprogrammes_182-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-certainprogrammes_182-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-certainprogrammes_182-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Recommended only for immunization programmes with certain characteristics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Atracurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Atracurium">atracurium</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For infections due to <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> or <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Amikacin" title="Amikacin">Amikacin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanamycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanamycin">kanamycin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netilmicin" title="Netilmicin">netilmicin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tobramycin" title="Tobramycin">tobramycin</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S01#S01AE" title="ATC code S01">S01AE</a> Fluoroquinolones)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chlortetracycline" title="Chlortetracycline">Chlortetracycline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxytetracycline" title="Oxytetracycline">oxytetracycline</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S01#S01HA" title="ATC code S01">S01HA</a> Local anaesthetics) excluding cocaine and combinations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carbachol" title="Carbachol">Carbachol</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatives are 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S01#S01ED" title="ATC code S01">S01ED</a> Beta blocking agents) excluding combinations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentolate_hydrochloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopentolate hydrochloride">Cyclopentolate hydrochloride</a> or <a href="/wiki/Homatropine_hydrobromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Homatropine hydrobromide">homatropine hydrobromide</a> are alternatives only for the EMLc</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use in women actively breastfeeding at least 4 times per day</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anastrozole" title="Anastrozole">anastrozole</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Methylergometrine" title="Methylergometrine">Methylergometrine</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Where <a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">permitted under national law</a> and where <a href="/wiki/Abortion_debate" title="Abortion debate">culturally acceptable</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only for use for induction of labour where appropriate facilities are available.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Indometacin" title="Indometacin">Indometacin</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E2</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Haloperidol_decanonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Haloperidol decanonate">haloperidol decanonate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zuclopenthixol_decanonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuclopenthixol decanonate">zuclopenthixol decanonate</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a> is an alternative for the tablet</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">Risperidone</a> injection is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">aripiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paliperidone" title="Paliperidone">paliperidone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fluoxetine-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fluoxetine_203-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fluoxetine_203-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fluoxetine_203-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">Citalopram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">escitalopram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">fluvoxamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline">sertraline</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">aripiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paliperidone" title="Paliperidone">paliperidone</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lorazepam" title="Lorazepam">lorazepam</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For short-term emergency management of acute and severe anxiety symptoms only</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">buprenorphine</a> is an alternative. The medicines should only be used within an established support programme.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone" title="Beclometasone">Beclometasone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciclesonide" title="Ciclesonide">ciclesonide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flunisolide" title="Flunisolide">flunisolide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluticasone" title="Fluticasone">fluticasone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mometasone" title="Mometasone">mometasone</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone/formoterol" title="Beclometasone/formoterol">Beclometasone/formoterol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budesonide/salmeterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budesonide/salmeterol (page does not exist)">budesonide/salmeterol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluticasone/formoterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluticasone/formoterol (page does not exist)">fluticasone/formoterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate/vilanterol" title="Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol">fluticasone furoate/vilanterol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mometasone/formoterol" title="Mometasone/formoterol">mometasone/formoterol</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Terbutaline" title="Terbutaline">Terbutaline</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aclidinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Aclidinium">Aclidinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycopyrronium">glycopyrronium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Umeclidinium">umeclidinium</a> are alternatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ergocalciferol" title="Ergocalciferol">Ergocalciferol</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Colecalciferol" class="mw-redirect" title="Colecalciferol">Colecalciferol</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ofloxacin" title="Ofloxacin">Ofloxacin</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide" title="Triamcinolone acetonide">triamcinolone acetonide</a> is an alternative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">of any type for use as dental sealant</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">of any type for use as dental filling material</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=179" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EML-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EML_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EML_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527003625/http://www.who.int/medicines/events/fs/en/">"The WHO Essential Medicines List (EML): 30th anniversary"</a>. World Health Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/medicines/events/fs/en/">the original</a> on 27 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+WHO+Essential+Medicines+List+%28EML%29%3A+30th+anniversary&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmedicines%2Fevents%2Ffs%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2017Def-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2017Def_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2017Def_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2017Def_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2017Def_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081002110638/http://www.who.int/medicines/services/essmedicines_def/en/">"Essential medicines"</a>. <i>World Health Organization</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/medicines/services/essmedicines_def/en/">the original</a> on 2 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Essential+medicines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmedicines%2Fservices%2Fessmedicines_def%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPersaudJiangShaikhBali2019" class="citation journal cs1">Persaud N, Jiang M, Shaikh R, Bali A, Oronsaye E, Woods H, et al. (June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6560372">"Comparison of essential medicines lists in 137 countries"</a>. <i>Bull. 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Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F371090">10665/371090</a></span>. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+selection+and+use+of+essential+medicines+2023%3A+web+annex+A%3A+World+Health+Organization+model+list+of+essential+medicines%3A+23rd+list+%282023%29&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F371090&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2023). <i>The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: executive summary of the report of the 24th WHO Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, 24 28 April 2023</i>. Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F371291">10665/371291</a></span>. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+selection+and+use+of+essential+medicines+2023%3A+executive+summary+of+the+report+of+the+24th+WHO+Expert+Committee+on+Selection+and+Use+of+Essential+Medicines%2C+24+28+April+2023&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F371291&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/the-who-essential-medicines-list-antibiotic-book">"The WHO Essential Medicines List Antibiotic Book"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</i>. 24 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization+%28WHO%29&rft.atitle=The+WHO+Essential+Medicines+List+Antibiotic+Book&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews-room%2Fquestions-and-answers%2Fitem%2Fthe-who-essential-medicines-list-antibiotic-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062382"><i>The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book</i></a>. Geneva: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO). 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-006238-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-006238-2"><bdi>978-92-4-006238-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+WHO+AWaRe+%28Access%2C+Watch%2C+Reserve%29+antibiotic+book&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization+%28WHO%29&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-92-4-006238-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fi%2Fitem%2F9789240062382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2022.02"><i>The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book - Infographics</i></a>. Geneva: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO). 2022. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2022.02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+WHO+AWaRe+%28Access%2C+Watch%2C+Reserve%29+antibiotic+book+-+Infographics&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization+%28WHO%29&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fi%2Fitem%2FWHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2022.02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=180" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerafiniCargninMassarottiPirali2020" class="citation journal cs1">Serafini M, Cargnin S, Massarotti A, Pirali T, Genazzani AA (September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.0c00415">"Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Essential Medicines"</a>. <i>Journal of Medicinal Chemistry</i>. <b>63</b> (18): 10170–10187. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.0c00415">10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00415</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8007110">8007110</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32352778">32352778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Essential+Medicinal+Chemistry+of+Essential+Medicines&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=10170-10187&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8007110%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32352778&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.0c00415&rft.aulast=Serafini&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Cargnin%2C+S&rft.au=Massarotti%2C+A&rft.au=Pirali%2C+T&rft.au=Genazzani%2C+AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%252Facs.jmedchem.0c00415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuartKouimtziHill2009" class="citation book cs1">Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR, eds. (2009). <i>WHO Model Formulary 2008</i>. World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F44053">10665/44053</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-154765-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-154765-9"><bdi>978-92-4-154765-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHO+Model+Formulary+2008&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F44053&rft.isbn=978-92-4-154765-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children)</i>. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F189763">10665/189763</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-069494-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-069494-1"><bdi>978-92-4-069494-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0512-3054">0512-3054</a>. WHO technical report series; no. 994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+selection+and+use+of+essential+medicines.+Twentieth+report+of+the+WHO+Expert+Committee+2015+%28including+19th+WHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+and+5th+WHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+for+Children%29&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F189763&rft.issn=0512-3054&rft.isbn=978-92-4-069494-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2017 (including the 20th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 6th Model List of Essential Medicines for Children)</i>. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2017. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F259481">10665/259481</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121015-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121015-7"><bdi>978-92-4-121015-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0512-3054">0512-3054</a>. WHO technical report series; no. 1006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+selection+and+use+of+essential+medicines%3A+report+of+the+WHO+Expert+Committee%2C+2017+%28including+the+20th+WHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+and+the+6th+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+for+Children%29&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F259481&rft.issn=0512-3054&rft.isbn=978-92-4-121015-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, 2019 (including the 21st WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 7th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children)</i>. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F330668">10665/330668</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121030-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121030-0"><bdi>978-92-4-121030-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0512-3054">0512-3054</a>. WHO technical report series;1021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+selection+and+use+of+essential+medicines%3A+report+of+the+WHO+Expert+Committee+on+Selection+and+Use+of+Essential+Medicines%2C+2019+%28including+the+21st+WHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+and+the+7th+WHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+for+Children%29&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F330668&rft.issn=0512-3054&rft.isbn=978-92-4-121030-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrganization2019" class="citation journal cs1">Organization WH (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/278038">"Additions and deletions of medicines on the WHO model lists of essential medicines: 1977–2017"</a>. <i>World Health Organization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F278038">10665/278038</a>. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Additions+and+deletions+of+medicines+on+the+WHO+model+lists+of+essential+medicines%3A+1977%E2%80%932017&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F278038&rft.aulast=Organization&rft.aufirst=WH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F278038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines&action=edit&section=181" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.essentialmeds.org/">eEML - Electronic Essential Medicines List</a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaccines" title="Template:Vaccines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaccines" title="Template talk:Vaccines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaccines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaccines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artificial_induction_of_immunity_/_Immunization:_Vaccines,_Vaccination,_Infection,_Inoculation_(J07)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_induction_of_immunity" title="Artificial induction of immunity">Artificial induction of immunity</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immunization" title="Immunization">Immunization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">Vaccination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">Infection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inoculation" title="Inoculation">Inoculation</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J07" title="ATC code J07">J07</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant" title="Immunologic adjuvant">Adjuvants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_ingredients" title="Vaccine ingredients">Vaccine ingredients</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vaccine_excipients" title="List of vaccine excipients">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases" title="Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases">Mathematical modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_storage" title="Vaccine storage">Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_vaccines" title="Timeline of human vaccines">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_trial" title="Vaccine trial">Trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conjugate_vaccine" title="Conjugate vaccine">Conjugate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></li> <li>Live <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterologous_vaccine" title="Heterologous vaccine">Heterologous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit/component</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peptide_vaccine" title="Peptide vaccine">Peptide</a> / <a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_vaccine" title="Synthetic vaccine">Synthetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a> / <a href="/wiki/MRNA_vaccine" title="MRNA vaccine">mRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_vaccines" title="Therapeutic vaccines">Therapeutic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxoid" title="Toxoid">Toxoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Global: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immunization_Technical_Advisory_Group" title="National Immunization Technical Advisory Group">NITAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Advisory_Group_of_Experts" title="Strategic Advisory Group of Experts">SAGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_wastage" title="Vaccine wastage">Vaccine wastage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination_policy" title="Vaccination policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination_schedule" title="Vaccination schedule">Schedule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_adverse_event" title="Vaccine adverse event">Vaccine injury</a></li></ul></li> <li>US: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Immunization_Practices" title="Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices">ACIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vaccine_Injury_Compensation_Program" title="National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program">Vaccine court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_for_Children_Program" title="Vaccines for Children Program">Vaccines for Children Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Adverse_Event_Reporting_System" title="Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System">VAERS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Safety_Datalink" title="Vaccine Safety Datalink">VSD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vaccines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bacterial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthrax_vaccine" title="Anthrax vaccine">Anthrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucellosis_vaccine" title="Brucellosis vaccine">Brucellosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholera_vaccine" title="Cholera vaccine">Cholera</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphtheria_vaccine" title="Diphtheria vaccine">Diphtheria</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hib_vaccine" title="Hib vaccine">Hib</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptospirosis#Prevention" title="Leptospirosis">Leptospirosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease#Vaccination" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meningococcal_vaccine" title="Meningococcal vaccine">Meningococcus</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MeNZB" title="MeNZB">MeNZB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135" title="NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135">NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertussis_vaccine" title="Pertussis vaccine">Pertussis</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plague_vaccine" title="Plague vaccine">Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal vaccine">Pneumococcal</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine">PCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine">PPSV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_fever#Prevention" title="Q fever">Q fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetanus_vaccine" title="Tetanus vaccine">Tetanus</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis_vaccines" title="Tuberculosis vaccines">Tuberculosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCG_vaccine" title="BCG vaccine">BCG</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoid_vaccine" title="Typhoid vaccine">Typhoid</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ty21a" title="Ty21a">Ty21a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine" title="Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine">ViCPS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhus_vaccine" title="Typhus vaccine">Typhus</a></li> <li>combination: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DPT_vaccine" title="DPT vaccine">DPT/DTwP/DTaP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetanus_vaccine" title="Tetanus vaccine">Td/Tdap</a></li></ul></li> <li>research: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection#Research" title="Clostridioides difficile infection">Clostridioides difficile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_B_streptococcal_infection#Vaccine" title="Group B streptococcal infection">Group B streptococcal disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigellosis#Vaccine" title="Shigellosis">Shigellosis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenovirus_vaccine" title="Adenovirus vaccine">Adenovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikungunya_vaccine" title="Chikungunya vaccine">Chikungunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Ebola</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RVSV-ZEBOV_vaccine" title="RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine">rVSV-ZEBOV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">Flu</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_vaccine" title="2009 swine flu pandemic vaccine">H1N1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pandemrix" title="Pandemrix">Pandemrix</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H5N1_vaccine" title="H5N1 vaccine">H5N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H5N8_vaccine" title="H5N8 vaccine">H5N8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_attenuated_influenza_vaccine" title="Live attenuated influenza vaccine">LAIV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantavirus_vaccine" title="Hantavirus vaccine">Hantavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A vaccine">Hepatitis A</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_E#Vaccines" title="Hepatitis E">Hepatitis E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervarix" title="Cervarix">Cervarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardasil" title="Gardasil">Gardasil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis_vaccine" title="Japanese encephalitis vaccine">Japanese encephalitis</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measles_vaccine" title="Measles vaccine">Measles</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpox_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpox vaccine">Mpox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumps_vaccine" title="Mumps vaccine">Mumps</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">Polio</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine#Attenuated" title="Polio vaccine">Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine#Inactivated" title="Polio vaccine">Salk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_vaccine" title="Rabies vaccine">Rabies</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccine" title="Rotavirus vaccine">Rotavirus</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubella_vaccine" title="Rubella vaccine">Rubella</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">SARS-CoV-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Bharat Biotech</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">CanSino</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skycovione" title="Skycovione">Skycovione</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus_vaccine" title="Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine">Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallpox_vaccine" title="Smallpox vaccine">Smallpox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick-borne_encephalitis_vaccine" title="Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine">Tick-borne encephalitis</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li>Varicella zoster <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varicella_vaccine" title="Varicella vaccine">Chicken pox</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoster_vaccine" title="Zoster vaccine">Shingles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine" title="Yellow fever vaccine">Yellow fever</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li>combination: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A_and_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A and B vaccine">Hepatitis A and B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine" title="MMR vaccine">MMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMRV_vaccine" title="MMRV vaccine">MMRV</a></li></ul></li> <li>research: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytomegalovirus_vaccine" title="Cytomegalovirus vaccine">Cytomegalovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengue_vaccine" title="Dengue vaccine">Dengue</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr_virus_vaccine" title="Epstein–Barr virus vaccine">Epstein–Barr virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C_vaccine" title="Hepatitis C vaccine">Hepatitis C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex_research" title="Herpes simplex research">Herpes simplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_vaccine_development" title="HIV vaccine development">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zika_virus_vaccine" title="Zika virus vaccine">Zika</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protozoan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaria_vaccine" title="Malaria vaccine">Malaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTS,S" title="RTS,S">RTS,S</a></li></ul></li> <li>research: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trypanosomiasis_vaccine" title="Trypanosomiasis vaccine">Trypanosomiasis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Helminthiasis" title="Helminthiasis">Helminthiasis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>research: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hookworm_vaccine" title="Hookworm vaccine">Hookworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schistosomiasis_vaccine" title="Schistosomiasis vaccine">Schistosomiasis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androvax" title="Androvax">Androvax (androstenedione albumin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_vaccine" title="Cancer vaccine">Cancer vaccines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALVAC-CEA_vaccine" title="ALVAC-CEA vaccine">ALVAC-CEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCG_vaccine" title="BCG vaccine">BCG</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervarix" title="Cervarix">Cervarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardasil" title="Gardasil">Gardasil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostvac" title="Prostvac">Prostvac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NicVAX" title="NicVAX">NicVAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovandrotone_albumin" title="Ovandrotone albumin">Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TA-CD" title="TA-CD">TA-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TA-NIC" title="TA-NIC">TA-NIC</a></li> <li>combination: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DTaP-IPV/Hib_vaccine" title="DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine">DTaP-IPV/Hib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTaP-IPV-HepB_vaccine" title="DTaP-IPV-HepB vaccine">DTaP-IPV-HepB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTwP-HepB-Hib_vaccine" title="DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine">DTwP-HepB-Hib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexavalent_vaccine" title="Hexavalent vaccine">Hexavalent vaccine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventors/<br />researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Jenner" title="Edward Jenner">Edward Jenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Koprowski" title="Hilary Koprowski">Hilary Koprowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Franklin Enders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice Hilleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Plotkin" title="Stanley Plotkin">Stanley Plotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Fred_Clark" title="H. Fred Clark">H. Fred Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Offit" title="Paul Offit">Paul Offit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud" title="Lancet MMR autism fraud"><i>Lancet</i> MMR autism fraud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Childhood_Vaccine_Injury_Act" title="National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act">NCVIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pox_party" title="Pox party">Pox party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_SIDS" title="Vaccines and SIDS">Vaccines and SIDS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cedillo_v._Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services">Cedillo v. 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