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Streptomycin - Wikipedia
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href="#Protein_purification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Protein purification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protein_purification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Side_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Side effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mechanism of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>New Jersey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Streptomycin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomisien" title="Streptomisien – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Streptomisien" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ستربتوميسين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستربتوميسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="استرپتومایسین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استرپتومایسین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="স্ট্রেপ্টোমাইসিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ট্রেপ্টোমাইসিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Стрептомицин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стрептомицин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomicin" title="Streptomicin – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Streptomicin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreptomicina" title="Estreptomicina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estreptomicina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptom%C3%BCtsiin" title="Streptomütsiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Streptomütsiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Στρεπτομυκίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στρεπτομυκίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreptomicina" title="Estreptomicina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estreptomicina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomicino" title="Streptomicino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Streptomicino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreptomizina" title="Estreptomizina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estreptomizina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="استرپتومایسین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استرپتومایسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycine" title="Streptomycine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Streptomycine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streiptim%C3%ADcin" title="Streiptimícin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Streiptimícin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreptomicina" title="Estreptomicina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estreptomicina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%99%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%A0" title="스트렙토마이신 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스트렙토마이신" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ստրեպտոմիցին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստրեպտոմիցին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomicin" title="Streptomicin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Streptomicin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomisin" title="Streptomisin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Streptomisin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomicina" title="Streptomicina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Streptomicina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9F" title="סטרפטומיצין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטרפטומיצין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სტრეპტომიცინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტრეპტომიცინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Стрептомицин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стрептомицин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztreptomicin" title="Sztreptomicin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sztreptomicin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomisin" title="Streptomisin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Streptomisin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="စထရက်ပတိုမိုင်ဆင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စထရက်ပတိုမိုင်ဆင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycine" title="Streptomycine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Streptomycine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="ストレプトマイシン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストレプトマイシン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ସ୍ଟ୍ରେପ୍ଟୋମାଇସିନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସ୍ଟ୍ରେପ୍ଟୋମାଇସିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomitsin" title="Streptomitsin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Streptomitsin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%BE%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سټرېپټومايسين – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سټرېپټومايسين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycyna" title="Streptomycyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Streptomycyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreptomicina" title="Estreptomicina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estreptomicina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomicin%C4%83" title="Streptomicină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Streptomicină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Стрептомицин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стрептомицин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyc%C3%ADn" title="Streptomycín – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Streptomycín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomicin" title="Streptomicin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Streptomicin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سترێپتۆمایسین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سترێپتۆمایسین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Стрептомицин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стрептомицин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomicin" title="Streptomicin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Streptomicin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomysiini" title="Streptomysiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Streptomysiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="สเตรปโตมัยซิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สเตรปโตมัยซิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomisin" title="Streptomisin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Streptomisin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Стрептоміцин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стрептоміцин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Streptomycin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8F%88%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="鏈黴素 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鏈黴素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8F%88%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="鏈黴素 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鏈黴素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Aminoglycoside antibiotic</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Streptomycin">Streptomycin</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Streptomycin2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Streptomycin2.svg/209px-Streptomycin2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Streptomycin2.svg/314px-Streptomycin2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Streptomycin2.svg/418px-Streptomycin2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Streptomycin-1ntb-xtal-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Streptomycin-1ntb-xtal-3D-balls.png/209px-Streptomycin-1ntb-xtal-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Streptomycin-1ntb-xtal-3D-balls.png/314px-Streptomycin-1ntb-xtal-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Streptomycin-1ntb-xtal-3D-balls.png/418px-Streptomycin-1ntb-xtal-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">S/STR/STS<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/streptomycin-sulfate.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Streptomycin">Streptomycin</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" title="Intramuscular injection">Intramuscular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenous</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A07" title="ATC code A07">A07AA04</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A07AA04">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01" title="ATC code J01">J01GA01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GA01">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A07" title="ATC code A07">A07AA54</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A07AA54">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J04" title="ATC code J04">J04AM01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J04AM01">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">84% to 88% IM (est.)<sup id="cite_ref-Zhu2001_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhu2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 0% by mouth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 to 6 hours</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">Kidney</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">5-(2,4-diguanidino-<br />3,5,6-trihydroxy-cyclohexoxy)- 4-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)<br />-3-methylamino-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] oxy-3-hydroxy-2-methyl<br />-tetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-92-1">57-92-1</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/19649">19649</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01082">DB01082</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.18508.html">18508</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/Y45QSO73OB">Y45QSO73OB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D08531">D08531</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li><li>as salt: <span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D01350">D01350</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17076">CHEBI:17076</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL1201194">ChEMBL1201194</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/NIAID_ChemDB" title="NIAID ChemDB">NIAID ChemDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemdb.niaid.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemdb.niaid.nih.gov/CompoundDetails.aspx?AIDSNO=07346">07346</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB ligand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>SRY (<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=SRY">PDBe</a></span>, <span title="www.rcsb.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/SRY">RCSB PDB</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4023597">DTXSID4023597</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192717#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.323">100.000.323</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192717#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>21</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>39</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>7</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>12</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002581580000000000♠"></span>581.580</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CC1C%28C%28C%28O1%29OC2C%28C%28C%28C%28C2O%29O%29N%3DC%28N%29N%29O%29N%3DC%28N%29N%29OC3C%28C%28C%28C%28O3%29CO%29O%29O%29NC%29%28C%3DO%29O">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 °C (54 °F) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CC1C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(C(C2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C21H39N7O12/c1-5-21(36,4-30)16(40-17-9(26-2)13(34)10(31)6(3-29)38-17)18(37-5)39-15-8(28-20(24)25)11(32)7(27-19(22)23)12(33)14(15)35/h4-18,26,29,31-36H,3H2,1-2H3,(H4,22,23,27)(H4,24,25,28)/t5-,6-,7+,8-,9-,10-,11+,12-,13-,14+,15+,16-,17-,18-,21+/m0/s1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" 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#aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/streptomycin" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:streptomycin"> streptomycin</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Streptomycin</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotic</a> medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections,<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_avium_complex" title="Mycobacterium avium complex"><i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endocarditis" title="Endocarditis">endocarditis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">brucellosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkholderia_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkholderia infection"><i>Burkholderia</i> infection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tularemia" title="Tularemia">tularemia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rat_bite_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Rat bite fever">rat bite fever</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For active tuberculosis it is often given together with <a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pyrazinamide" title="Pyrazinamide">pyrazinamide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is administered by <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">injection into a vein</a> or <a href="/wiki/Intramuscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Intramuscular">muscle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common side effects include <a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">vertigo</a>, vomiting, numbness of the face, fever, and rash.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use during <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a> may result in permanent <a href="/wiki/Deafness" title="Deafness">deafness</a> in the developing baby.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use appears to be safe while <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not recommended in people with <a href="/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis" title="Myasthenia gravis">myasthenia gravis</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromuscular disorders">neuromuscular disorders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Streptomycin is an <a href="/wiki/Aminoglycoside" title="Aminoglycoside">aminoglycoside</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It works by blocking the ability of <a href="/wiki/30S_ribosomal_subunits" class="mw-redirect" title="30S ribosomal subunits">30S ribosomal subunits</a> to make proteins, which results in <a href="/wiki/Bactericidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bactericidal">bacterial death</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schatz_(scientist)" title="Albert Schatz (scientist)">Albert Schatz</a> first isolated streptomycin in 1943 from <i><a href="/wiki/Streptomyces_griseus" title="Streptomyces griseus">Streptomyces griseus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The World Health Organization classifies it as critically important for human medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medication">Medication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Medication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infective_endocarditis" title="Infective endocarditis">Infective endocarditis</a>: An infection of the endocardium caused by <a href="/wiki/Enterococcus" title="Enterococcus">enterococcus</a>; used when the organism is not sensitive to <a href="/wiki/Gentamicin" title="Gentamicin">gentamicin</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (October 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a>: Used in combination with other antibiotics. For active tuberculosis it is often given together with <a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pyrazinamide" title="Pyrazinamide">pyrazinamide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not the first-line treatment, except in medically under-served populations where the cost of more expensive treatments is prohibitive. It may be useful in cases where resistance to other drugs is identified.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (October 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">Plague</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Yersinia_pestis" title="Yersinia pestis">Yersinia pestis</a></i>): Has historically been used as the first-line treatment. However streptomycin is approved for this purpose only by the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (October 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary medicine</a>, streptomycin is the first-line antibiotic for use against <a href="/wiki/Gram_negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram negative">gram negative</a> bacteria in large animals (<a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>, etc.). It is commonly combined with procaine <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a> for intramuscular injection.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (October 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tularemia" title="Tularemia">Tularemia</a> infections have been treated mostly with streptomycin.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2016Doc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016Doc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Streptomycin is traditionally given <a href="/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" title="Intramuscular injection">intramuscularly</a>, and in many nations is only licensed to be administered intramuscularly, though in some regions the drug may also be administered <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous injection">intravenously</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhu2001_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhu2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesticide">Pesticide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pesticide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Streptomycin also is used as a pesticide, to combat the growth of bacteria beyond human applications. Streptomycin controls bacterial diseases of certain fruit, vegetables, seed, and ornamental crops. A major use is in the control of <a href="/wiki/Fireblight" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireblight">fireblight</a> on apple and pear trees. As in medical applications, extensive use can be associated with the development of resistant strains. Streptomycin could potentially be used to control <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacterial</a> blooms in ornamental ponds and aquaria.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20725941_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20725941-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some antibacterial antibiotics are inhibitory to certain eukaryotes, this seems not to be the case for streptomycin, especially in the case of <a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">anti-fungal</a> activity.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16560957_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16560957-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cell_culture">Cell culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cell culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Streptomycin, in combination with penicillin, is used in a standard antibiotic cocktail to prevent bacterial infection in cell culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Phelan2015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phelan2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protein_purification">Protein purification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Protein purification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When purifying protein from a biological extract, streptomycin sulfate is sometimes added as a means of removing nucleic acids and ribonuclear proteins. Since it binds to ribosomes and precipitates out of solution, it serves as a method for removing rRNA, mRNA, and even DNA if the extract is from a prokaryote.<sup id="cite_ref-Scopes_1994_p._13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scopes_1994_p.-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most concerning side effects, as with other <a href="/wiki/Aminoglycosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoglycosides">aminoglycosides</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Nephrotoxicity" title="Nephrotoxicity">kidney toxicity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ototoxicity" title="Ototoxicity">ear toxicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20627927_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20627927-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transient or permanent deafness may result. The vestibular portion of cranial nerve VIII (the <a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">vestibulocochlear nerve</a>) can be affected, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">tinnitus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">vertigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">ataxia</a>, kidney toxicity, and can potentially interfere with diagnosis of kidney malfunction.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common side effects include <a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">vertigo</a>, vomiting, numbness of the face, fever, and rash. Fever and rashes may result from persistent use.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Use is not recommended during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congenital deafness has been reported in children whose mothers received streptomycin during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use appears to be okay while <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is not recommended in people with <a href="/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis" title="Myasthenia gravis">myasthenia gravis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Streptomycin functions as a <a href="/wiki/Protein_synthesis_inhibitor" title="Protein synthesis inhibitor">protein synthesis inhibitor</a>. It binds to the small 16S rRNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit irreversibly, interfering with the binding of <a href="/wiki/Formyl-methionyl-tRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Formyl-methionyl-tRNA">formyl-methionyl-tRNA</a> to the 30S subunit.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This causes codon misreading, inhibition of protein synthesis, and ultimately death of the cell through mechanisms that are not well understood. Speculation indicates that the binding of the molecule to the 30S subunit interferes with 30S subunit association with the <a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a> strand. This results in an unstable ribosomal-mRNA complex, leading to premature stopping of protein synthesis, leading to cell death.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As human and bacteria both have ribosomes, streptomycin has significant side effects in humans. At low concentrations, however, streptomycin inhibits only bacterial growth.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Streptomycin is an antibiotic that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,<sup id="cite_ref-SchantzNg2004_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchantzNg2004-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is therefore a useful broad-spectrum antibiotic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Streptomycin was first isolated on October 19, 1943, by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schatz_(scientist)" title="Albert Schatz (scientist)">Albert Schatz</a>, a PhD student in the laboratory of <a href="/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" class="mw-redirect" title="Selman Abraham Waksman">Selman Abraham Waksman</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> in a research project funded by <a href="/wiki/Merck_and_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Merck and Co.">Merck and Co.</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waksman and his laboratory staff discovered several antibiotics, including <a href="/wiki/Actinomycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinomycin">actinomycin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clavacin" class="mw-redirect" title="Clavacin">clavacin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Streptothricin" title="Streptothricin">streptothricin</a>, streptomycin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grisein (page does not exist)">grisein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">neomycin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fradicin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fradicin (page does not exist)">fradicin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candicidin" title="Candicidin">candicidin</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Candidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candidi (page does not exist)">candidin</a>. Of these, streptomycin and neomycin found extensive application in the treatment of numerous infectious diseases. Streptomycin was the first <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotic</a> cure for <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> (TB). In 1952 Waksman was the recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> in recognition "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic active against tuberculosis".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waksman was later accused of playing down the role of Schatz who did the work under his supervision, claiming that <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bugie" title="Elizabeth Bugie">Elizabeth Bugie</a> had a more important role in its development.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid1882032_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1882032-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schatz sued both Dr. Waksman and the Rutgers Research and Endowment Foundation, wanting to be given credit as co-discover and to receive the royalties for the streptomycin.<sup id="cite_ref-scientistafoundation.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scientistafoundation.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the settlement, Waksman would receive a 10% royalty, while Schatz got 3% and compensation for his missed royalties.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of the lab shared the remaining 7% of the royalties, in which Bugie received 0.2%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bugie was pursuing a master's degree in Waksman's lab at Rutgers University at this time. Prior to this, she received her bachelor's degree in microbiology at New Jersey College for Women.<sup id="cite_ref-scientistafoundation.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scientistafoundation.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Bugie was considered to be the second author on the <i>Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology</i> paper, she was not listed on the patent submission.<sup id="cite_ref-scientistafoundation.com_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scientistafoundation.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bugie's contributions to Wakeman's lab were great. In addition to her work on streptomycin, she also helped develop other antimicrobial substances,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had two peer-reviewed publications,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and researched the use of antimicrobials against plant pathogens,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among several other important contributions to the scientific field, particularly in regard to microbiology. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Streptomycin_assay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Streptomycin_assay.jpg/220px-Streptomycin_assay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Streptomycin_assay.jpg/330px-Streptomycin_assay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Streptomycin_assay.jpg/440px-Streptomycin_assay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>A scientist at Rutger's University making a streptomycin assay.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Rutgers team reported streptomycin in the medical literature in January 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-DOI-ending-in-00379727-55-14461_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOI-ending-in-00379727-55-14461-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within months they began working with <a href="/wiki/William_Hugh_Feldman" title="William Hugh Feldman">William Feldman</a> and <a href="/wiki/H._Corwin_Hinshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Corwin Hinshaw">H. Corwin Hinshaw</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic" title="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic</a> with hopes of starting a human clinical trial of streptomycin in tuberculosis.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_1993_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_1993-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 209–241">: 209–241 </span></sup> The difficulty at first was even producing enough streptomycin to do a trial, because the research laboratory methods of creating small batches had not yet been <a href="/wiki/Translational_research" title="Translational research">translated</a> to commercial large-batch production. They managed to do an animal study in a few guinea pigs with just 10 grams of the scarce drug, demonstrating survival.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_1993_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_1993-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 209–241">: 209–241 </span></sup> This was just enough evidence to get Merck & Co. to divert some resources from the young penicillin production program to start work toward streptomycin production.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_1993_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_1993-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 209–241">: 209–241 </span></sup> </p><p>At the end of World War II, the United States Army experimented with streptomycin to treat life-threatening infections at a military hospital in <a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek,_Michigan" title="Battle Creek, Michigan">Battle Creek, Michigan</a>. The first person who was treated with streptomycin did not survive; the second person survived but became blind as a side effect of the treatment. In March 1946, the third person—<a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Dole" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert J. Dole">Robert J. Dole</a>, later Majority Leader of the United States Senate and presidential nominee—experienced a rapid and robust recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first randomized trial of streptomycin against pulmonary tuberculosis was carried out in 1946 through 1948 by the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Research_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)">MRC</a> Tuberculosis Research Unit under the chairmanship of Geoffrey Marshall (1887–1982). The trial was neither <a href="/wiki/Blind_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind experiment">double-blind</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo-controlled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10463905_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10463905-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is widely accepted to have been the first randomized curative trial.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Results showed efficacy against TB, albeit with minor toxicity and acquired bacterial <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotic resistance">resistance</a> to the drug.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10463905_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10463905-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Jersey">New Jersey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New Jersey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because streptomycin was isolated from a microbe discovered on New Jersey soil, and because of its activity against tuberculosis and Gram negative organisms, and in recognition of both the microbe and the antibiotic in the history of New Jersey, <i>S. griseus</i> was nominated as the Official New Jersey <a href="/wiki/State_microbe" title="State microbe">state microbe</a>. The draft legislation was submitted by Senator Sam Thompson (R-12) in May 2017 as bill S3190 and Assemblywoman Annette Quijano (D-20) in June 2017 as bill A31900. The bill was passed on 2018-01-08 The bill designates Streptomyces griseus as New Jersey State Microbe (New Jersey Senate Bill 3190 (2017). Governor <a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> signed the bill making it official in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://microbiologie-clinique.com/antibiotic-family-abbreviation.html">"Antibiotic abbreviations list"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Population+pharmacokinetics+of+intravenous+and+intramuscular+streptomycin+in+patients+with+tuberculosis&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1037-1045&rft.date=2001-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24111273%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11560193&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1592%2Fphco.21.13.1037.34625&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Burman%2C+WJ&rft.au=Jaresko%2C+GS&rft.au=Berning%2C+SE&rft.au=Jelliffe%2C+RW&rft.au=Peloquin%2C+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medscape.com%2Fviewarticle%2F409778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreptomycin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/streptomycin-sulfate.html">"Streptomycin Sulfate"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220231114/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/streptomycin-sulfate.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Sir Geoffrey Marshall (1887-1982): respiratory physician, catalyst for anaesthesia development, doctor to both Prime Minister and King, and World War I Barge Commander". <i>Journal of Medical Biography</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 10–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1258%2Fjmb.2010.010019">10.1258/jmb.2010.010019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350072">21350072</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39878743">39878743</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Biography&rft.atitle=Sir+Geoffrey+Marshall+%281887-1982%29%3A+respiratory+physician%2C+catalyst+for+anaesthesia+development%2C+doctor+to+both+Prime+Minister+and+King%2C+and+World+War+I+Barge+Commander&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=10-14&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A39878743%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21350072&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1258%2Fjmb.2010.010019&rft.aulast=Metcalfe&rft.aufirst=NH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreptomycin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whyy.org/articles/new-jersey-gets-official-state-microbe-streptomyces-griseus/">"New Jersey gets official state microbe: Streptomyces griseus"</a>. <i>WHYY.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. May 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHYY.org&rft.atitle=New+Jersey+gets+official+state+microbe%3A+Streptomyces+griseus&rft.date=2019-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhyy.org%2Farticles%2Fnew-jersey-gets-official-state-microbe-streptomyces-griseus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreptomycin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomycin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingston2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kingston W (July 2004). "Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the balance of credit for discovery". <i>Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences</i>. <b>59</b> (3): 441–462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhmas%2Fjrh091">10.1093/jhmas/jrh091</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15270337">15270337</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27465970">27465970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Medicine+and+Allied+Sciences&rft.atitle=Streptomycin%2C+Schatz+v.+Waksman%2C+and+the+balance+of+credit+for+discovery&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=441-462&rft.date=2004-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27465970%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15270337&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjhmas%2Fjrh091&rft.aulast=Kingston&rft.aufirst=W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreptomycin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMistiaen2002" class="citation news cs1">Mistiaen V (November 2, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/weekend/story/0,3605,823114,00.html">"Time, and the great healer"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Time%2C+and+the+great+healer&rft.date=2002-11-02&rft.aulast=Mistiaen&rft.aufirst=V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fweekend%2Fstory%2F0%2C3605%2C823114%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreptomycin" class="Z3988"></span>. The history behind the discovery of streptomycin.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle2012" class="citation web cs1">Pringle P (June 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/12/science/notebooks-shed-light-on-an-antibiotic-discovery-and-a-mentors-betrayal.html">"Notebooks Shed Light on an Antibiotic's Contested Discovery"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Notebooks+Shed+Light+on+an+Antibiotic%27s+Contested+Discovery&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F06%2F12%2Fscience%2Fnotebooks-shed-light-on-an-antibiotic-discovery-and-a-mentors-betrayal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreptomycin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_Prevention,_Pesticides_And_Toxic_Substances1992" class="citation web cs1">Office of Prevention, Pesticides And Toxic Substances (September 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/reregistration/fs_PC-006306_1-Sep-92.pdf">"Streptomycin and Streptomycin Sulfate Pesticide Reregistration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>R.E.D. Facts</i>. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-738-F-92-009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=R.E.D.+Facts&rft.atitle=Streptomycin+and+Streptomycin+Sulfate+Pesticide+Reregistration&rft.date=1992-09&rft.au=Office+of+Prevention%2C+Pesticides+And+Toxic+Substances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.epa.gov%2Fpesticides%2Fchem_search%2Freg_actions%2Freregistration%2Ffs_PC-006306_1-Sep-92.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStreptomycin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Intestinal">intestinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-infective" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-infective">anti-infective</a> agents (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A07" title="ATC code A07">A07</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rehydration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy" title="Oral rehydration therapy">Oral rehydration therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intestinal anti-infectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antibacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial">Antibiotics</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphotericin_B" title="Amphotericin B">Amphotericin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colistin" title="Colistin">Colistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidaxomicin" title="Fidaxomicin">Fidaxomicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanamycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanamycin">Kanamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natamycin" title="Natamycin">Natamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">Neomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nystatin" title="Nystatin">Nystatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paromomycin_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Paromomycin sulfate">Paromomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymyxin_B" title="Polymyxin B">Polymyxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaximin" title="Rifaximin">Rifaximin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Streptomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">Vancomycin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Sulfonamides</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phthalylsulfathiazole" title="Phthalylsulfathiazole">Phthalylsulfathiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succinylsulfathiazole" title="Succinylsulfathiazole">Succinylsulfathiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaguanidine" title="Sulfaguanidine">Sulfaguanidine</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitrofuran" title="Nitrofuran">Nitrofuran</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nifuroxazide" title="Nifuroxazide">Nifuroxazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifurzide" title="Nifurzide">Nifurzide</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imidazole" title="Imidazole">Imidazole</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsenical" title="Arsenical">Arsenical</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetarsol" title="Acetarsol">Acetarsol</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/8-Hydroxyquinoline" title="8-Hydroxyquinoline">Oxyquinoline</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broxyquinoline" title="Broxyquinoline">Broxyquinoline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intestinal <a href="/wiki/Adsorbent" class="mw-redirect" title="Adsorbent">adsorbents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">Charcoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate" title="Bismuth subsalicylate">bismuth subsalicylate</a>, known as Pepto-Bismol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">Pectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyvinylpyrrolidone" title="Polyvinylpyrrolidone">Crospovidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palygorskite" title="Palygorskite">Attapulgite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmectite" title="Diosmectite">Diosmectite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antipropulsive" title="Antipropulsive">Antipropulsives</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioids</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laudanum" title="Laudanum">Opium tincture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laudanum" title="Laudanum">laudanum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paregoric" title="Paregoric">Camphorated opium tincture</a> (paregoric)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>crosses <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">BBB</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Diphenoxylate" title="Diphenoxylate">Diphenoxylate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atropine/diphenoxylate" title="Atropine/diphenoxylate">+atropine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difenoxin" title="Difenoxin">Difenoxin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>does not cross BBB:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eluxadoline" title="Eluxadoline">Eluxadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">Loperamide</a><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Loperamide/simethicone" title="Loperamide/simethicone">+simethicone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intestinal anti-inflammatory agents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a> acting locally</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol" title="Tixocortol">Tixocortol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone_dipropionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Beclometasone dipropionate">Beclometasone</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiallergic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiallergic">antiallergic</a> agents, excluding corticosteroids</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">Cromoglicic acid</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aminosalicylate" title="Aminosalicylate">Aminosalicylates</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfasalazine" title="Sulfasalazine">Sulfasalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesalazine" title="Mesalazine">Mesalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olsalazine" title="Olsalazine">Olsalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsalazide" title="Balsalazide">Balsalazide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antidiarrheal micro-organisms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_boulardii" title="Saccharomyces boulardii">Saccharomyces boulardii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other antidiarrheals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albumin_tannate" title="Albumin tannate">Albumin tannate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate" title="Bismuth subsalicylate">Bismuth subsalicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carob" title="Carob">Ceratonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crofelemer" title="Crofelemer">Crofelemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octreotide" title="Octreotide">Octreotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racecadotril" title="Racecadotril">Racecadotril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaopectate" title="Kaopectate">Kaopectate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antibacterials_that_inhibit_protein_synthesis_(J01A,_J01B,_J01F,_J01G,_QJ01XQ)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protein_synthesis_inhibitor_antibiotics" title="Template:Protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protein_synthesis_inhibitor_antibiotics" title="Template talk:Protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protein_synthesis_inhibitor_antibiotics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antibacterials_that_inhibit_protein_synthesis_(J01A,_J01B,_J01F,_J01G,_QJ01XQ)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">Antibacterials</a> that <a href="/wiki/Protein_synthesis_inhibitor" title="Protein synthesis inhibitor">inhibit protein synthesis</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01A" title="ATC code J01">J01A</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01B" title="ATC code J01">J01B</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01F" title="ATC code J01">J01F</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01G" title="ATC code J01">J01G</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#QJ01XQ" title="ATC code J01">QJ01XQ</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/30S" class="mw-redirect" title="30S">30S</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aminoglycoside" title="Aminoglycoside">Aminoglycosides</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Bacterial_translation#Initiation" title="Bacterial translation">initiation</a> inhibitors)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">-mycin (<i><a href="/wiki/Streptomyces" title="Streptomyces">Streptomyces</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Streptomycin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrostreptomycin" title="Dihydrostreptomycin">Dihydrostreptomycin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">Neomycin</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Framycetin" class="mw-redirect" title="Framycetin">Framycetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paromomycin" title="Paromomycin">Paromomycin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribostamycin" title="Ribostamycin">Ribostamycin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanamycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanamycin">Kanamycin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amikacin" title="Amikacin">Amikacin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbekacin" title="Arbekacin">Arbekacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekanamycin" title="Bekanamycin">Bekanamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibekacin" title="Dibekacin">Dibekacin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobramycin" title="Tobramycin">Tobramycin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loteprednol/tobramycin" title="Loteprednol/tobramycin">+loteprednol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectinomycin" title="Spectinomycin">Spectinomycin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygromycin_B" title="Hygromycin B">Hygromycin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totomycin" title="Totomycin">Totomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apramycin" title="Apramycin">Apramycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nourseothricin" title="Nourseothricin">Nourseothricin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">-micin (<i><a href="/wiki/Micromonospora" title="Micromonospora">Micromonospora</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentamicin" title="Gentamicin">Gentamicin</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netilmicin" title="Netilmicin">Netilmicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisomicin" title="Sisomicin">Sisomicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronomicin" title="Micronomicin">Micronomicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazomicin" title="Plazomicin">Plazomicin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isepamicin" title="Isepamicin">Isepamicin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verdamicin" title="Verdamicin">Verdamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astromicin" title="Astromicin">Astromicin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butirosin" title="Butirosin">Butirosin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline_antibiotics" title="Tetracycline antibiotics">Tetracycline antibiotics</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Transfer_RNA" title="Transfer RNA">tRNA</a> binding)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tetracyclines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doxycycline" title="Doxycycline">Doxycycline</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlortetracycline" title="Chlortetracycline">Chlortetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomocycline" title="Clomocycline">Clomocycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeclocycline" title="Demeclocycline">Demeclocycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravacycline" title="Eravacycline">Eravacycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymecycline" title="Lymecycline">Lymecycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclocycline" title="Meclocycline">Meclocycline</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacycline" title="Metacycline">Metacycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minocycline" title="Minocycline">Minocycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omadacycline" title="Omadacycline">Omadacycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxytetracycline" title="Oxytetracycline">Oxytetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penimepicycline" title="Penimepicycline">Penimepicycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolitetracycline" title="Rolitetracycline">Rolitetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarecycline" title="Sarecycline">Sarecycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glycylcycline" title="Glycylcycline">Glycylcyclines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigecycline" title="Tigecycline">Tigecycline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/50S" class="mw-redirect" title="50S">50S</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2-Oxazolidone" title="2-Oxazolidone">Oxazolidinone</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Bacterial_translation#Initiation" title="Bacterial translation">initiation</a> inhibitors)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eperezolid" title="Eperezolid">Eperezolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid">Linezolid</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posizolid" title="Posizolid">Posizolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radezolid" title="Radezolid">Radezolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranbezolid" title="Ranbezolid">Ranbezolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutezolid" title="Sutezolid">Sutezolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedizolid" title="Tedizolid">Tedizolid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peptidyl_transferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptidyl transferase">Peptidyl transferase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amphenicols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amphenicol" title="Amphenicol">Amphenicols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloramphenicol" title="Chloramphenicol">Chloramphenicol</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azidamfenicol" title="Azidamfenicol">Azidamfenicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamphenicol" title="Thiamphenicol">Thiamphenicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florfenicol" title="Florfenicol">Florfenicol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MLS (<a href="/wiki/Bacterial_translation#Elongation" title="Bacterial translation">transpeptidation/translocation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macrolide" title="Macrolide">Macrolides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azithromycin" title="Azithromycin">Azithromycin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boromycin" title="Boromycin">Boromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbomycin" title="Carbomycin">Carbomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrimycin" title="Carrimycin">Carrimycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarithromycin" title="Clarithromycin">Clarithromycin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirithromycin" title="Dirithromycin">Dirithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurithromycin" title="Flurithromycin">Flurithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamithromycin" title="Gamithromycin">Gamithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josamycin" title="Josamycin">Josamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitasamycin" title="Kitasamycin">Kitasamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midecamycin" title="Midecamycin">Midecamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miocamycin" title="Miocamycin">Miocamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleandomycin" title="Oleandomycin">Oleandomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokitamycin" title="Rokitamycin">Rokitamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxithromycin" title="Roxithromycin">Roxithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solithromycin" title="Solithromycin">Solithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiramycin" title="Spiramycin">Spiramycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telithromycin" title="Telithromycin">Telithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildipirosin" title="Tildipirosin">Tildipirosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilmicosin" title="Tilmicosin">Tilmicosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troleandomycin" title="Troleandomycin">Troleandomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulathromycin" title="Tulathromycin">Tulathromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylosin" title="Tylosin">Tylosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylvalosin" title="Tylvalosin">Tylvalosin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ketolide" title="Ketolide">Ketolides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telithromycin" title="Telithromycin">Telithromycin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cethromycin" title="Cethromycin">Cethromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solithromycin" title="Solithromycin">Solithromycin</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lincosamides" title="Lincosamides">Lincosamides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin" title="Clindamycin">Clindamycin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincomycin" title="Lincomycin">Lincomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirlimycin" title="Pirlimycin">Pirlimycin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Streptogramin" title="Streptogramin">Streptogramins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pristinamycin" title="Pristinamycin">Pristinamycin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pristinamycin_IA" title="Pristinamycin IA">IA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pristinamycin_IIA" title="Pristinamycin IIA">IIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pristinamycin_IIB" title="Pristinamycin IIB">IIB</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXL103" class="mw-redirect" title="NXL103">NXL103</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flopristin" title="Flopristin">Flopristin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linopristin" title="Linopristin">Linopristin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinupristin/dalfopristin" title="Quinupristin/dalfopristin">Quinupristin/dalfopristin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dalfopristin" title="Dalfopristin">Dalfopristin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quinupristin" title="Quinupristin">Quinupristin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptogramin_A" title="Streptogramin A">Streptogramin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptogramin_B" title="Streptogramin B">Streptogramin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginiamycin" title="Virginiamycin">Virginiamycin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virginiamycin_S1" title="Virginiamycin S1">S1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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