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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" > 19 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="نورث جيرمن لويد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نورث جيرمن لويد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="نورددویچر لوید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نورددویچر لوید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norddeutscher Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="นอร์ทด็อยท์เชอร์ล็อยท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นอร์ทด็อยท์เชอร์ล็อยท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97-%E5%8A%B3%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German shipping company (1857–1970)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Norddeutscher Lloyd</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Norddeutscher_Lloyd_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_emblem.svg/100px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_emblem.svg/150px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_emblem.svg/200px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="356" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">Joint-stock company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Shipping, transportation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category">Shipping</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Steam_Navigation_Company" title="Ocean Steam Navigation Company">Ocean Steam Navigation Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1857 in <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Hermann Henrich Meier</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1 September 1970</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Merged with <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">Hamburg America Line</a> in 1970</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hapag-Lloyd" title="Hapag-Lloyd">Hapag-Lloyd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Transatlantic, Mediterranean, Asia, and Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">Co-founder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chair_(official)#Types" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair (official)">Executive Chairman</a> Eduard Crüsemann</td></tr></tbody></table> Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> North German Lloyd) was a German <a href="/wiki/Shipping_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipping company">shipping company</a>. It was founded by Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann in <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> on 20 February 1857. It developed into one of the most important German shipping companies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was instrumental in the economic development of Bremen and <a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a>. On 1 September 1970, the company merged with <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">Hamburg America Line</a> (HAPAG) to form <a href="/wiki/Hapag-Lloyd" title="Hapag-Lloyd">Hapag-Lloyd</a> AG. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_the_NDL">Establishment of the NDL</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment of the NDL">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norddeutscher_Lloyd_-_Bremen_-_Prospekt_-_1857.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_-_Bremen_-_Prospekt_-_1857.jpg/220px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_-_Bremen_-_Prospekt_-_1857.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_-_Bremen_-_Prospekt_-_1857.jpg/330px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_-_Bremen_-_Prospekt_-_1857.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_-_Bremen_-_Prospekt_-_1857.jpg/440px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_-_Bremen_-_Prospekt_-_1857.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>1857 NDL prospectus announcing formation of the company and offering stock for sale</figcaption></figure> The German shipping company North German Lloyd (NDL) was founded by the Bremen merchants Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann on 20 February 1857, after the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Steam_Navigation_Company" title="Ocean Steam Navigation Company">Ocean Steam Navigation Company</a>, a joint German-American enterprise.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-House_flag-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The new shipping company had no direct association with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> maritime <a href="/wiki/Classification_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification society">classification society</a> <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Register" title="Lloyd's Register">Lloyd's Register</a>; by the mid-19th century, "Lloyd" was used as a term for a shipping company<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> (an earlier user of the term in the same context was the Trieste-based <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterreichischer_Lloyd" title="Österreichischer Lloyd">Österreichischer Lloyd</a>, originally intended to be modelled on Lloyd's of London). H. H. Meier became NDL's first chairman of the supervisory board, and Crüsemann became the first director of the company (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">Aktiengesellschaft</a> – AG). Crüsemann was in charge of both cargo services and passenger transport, which, as a result of emigration, was growing significantly. The company was also active in other areas, including <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboats</a>, bathing, insurance, and ship repair (the last of which it still provides). The first office of the shipping company was located at number 13 Martinistraße in Bremen. The company started with a route to England prior to starting a transatlantic service. In 1857, the first ship, the Adler (Eagle), began regular passenger service between the <a href="/wiki/Weser" title="Weser">Weser</a> region (where Bremen is located) and England. On 28 October 1857, it made its maiden voyage from <a href="/wiki/Nordenham" title="Nordenham">Nordenham</a> to London.<a href="#cite_note-Norway-Heritage-7">[7]</a> Just one year later, regular, scheduled services were started between the new port in Bremerhaven and New York using two 2,674 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> steamships, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Bremen_(1858)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Bremen (1858) (page does not exist)">Bremen</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_New_York_(1858)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS New York (1858) (page does not exist)">New York</a>. International economic crises made the start of the NDL extremely difficult, and the company took losses until 1859.<a href="#cite_note-Norway-Heritage-7">[7]</a> In the succeeding years, passenger connections to Baltimore and New Orleans were added to the schedule, and the company first rented and then in 1869 bought facilities on the waterfront in <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In 1867–1868, NDL began a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a>, which initiated the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltimore Line (page does not exist)">Baltimore Line</a>; until 1978, this had its own ships. In 1869, Crüsemann died at only 43 years old. From 1877 to 1892, the director of NDL was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Georg_Lohmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Georg Lohmann (page does not exist)">Johann Georg Lohmann</a>. He established a new policy for the company, emphasizing fast liners. Eventually H. H. Meier and Lohmann fell out over the direction of the company. In 1892, a 5,481 GRT twin-screw steamship, the company's first, was christened the H.H. Meier after the founder;<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> this helped to heal the breach between them.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foundation_of_the_German_Empire">Foundation of the German Empire</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation of the German Empire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norddeutscher-Lloyd-Bremerhaven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Norddeutscher-Lloyd-Bremerhaven.jpg/220px-Norddeutscher-Lloyd-Bremerhaven.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Norddeutscher-Lloyd-Bremerhaven.jpg/330px-Norddeutscher-Lloyd-Bremerhaven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Norddeutscher-Lloyd-Bremerhaven.jpg/440px-Norddeutscher-Lloyd-Bremerhaven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of North German Lloyd in <a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a> in 1870</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a> at the beginning of the German Empire, the NDL expanded greatly. Thirteen new ships of the "Strassburg class" were ordered. A route to the West Indies offered from 1871 to 1874 proved unprofitable, but was followed by a permanent line to the east coast of South America. On the transatlantic route, the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">HAPAG</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holland-America_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Holland-America Line">Holland-America Line</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Line" title="Red Star Line">Red Star Line</a> were now all fierce rivals. Beginning in 1881 with <a href="/wiki/SS_Elbe_(1881)" title="SS Elbe (1881)">Elbe</a>, eleven fast steamships of from 4500 to 6,900 GRT of the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Rivers-class_ocean_liner" title="Rivers-class ocean liner">Rivers-class</a>" (all named for German rivers), were introduced to serve the North Atlantic trade.<a href="#cite_note-Ships_list-11">[11]</a> In 1885, the NDL won the commission to provide postal service between the German Empire and Australia and the Far East.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The associated subsidy underwrote further expansion, beginning with the first large-scale order placed with a German shipyard, for three <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichspostdampfer" class="extiw" title="de:Reichspostdampfer">mail steamships</a> for the major routes and three smaller steamships for branch service from <a href="/wiki/AG_Vulcan_Stettin" title="AG Vulcan Stettin">AG Vulcan Stettin</a>. It was in fact a requirement of the commission that the ships be built in Germany. By 1890, with 66 ships of a total 251,602 GRT, NDL was the second largest shipping company in the world, after the British <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_and_Oriental_Steam_Navigation_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company">Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company</a>, with 48 ships of a total 251,603 GRT, and dominated shipping to Germany, with 31.6% of the traffic. NDL was also carrying more transatlantic passengers to New York than any other company, due to its dominance in <a href="/wiki/Steerage" title="Steerage">steerage</a>, which consisted mostly of immigrants. In cabin class, it carried only slightly more passengers than the British <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard Line</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a>. 42% of NDL's passenger traffic was to New York, and 15% to other US ports, but only 16.2% eastward-bound from New York. Its westbound South Atlantic service represented 17.3% of its passengers; eastbound from South America, only 1.7%. In 1887, the NDL withdrew from the route to England in favor of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argo_Reederei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argo Reederei (page does not exist)">Argo Reederei</a>, but continued to provide tug services through participation beginning in 1899 in the Schleppschifffahrtsgesellschaft Unterweser (Unterweser Tug Association, now <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unterweser_Reederei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unterweser Reederei (page does not exist)">Unterweser Reederei</a>).<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiser_wilhelm_der_grosse_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse"><img alt="Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Kaiser_wilhelm_der_grosse_01.jpg/120px-Kaiser_wilhelm_der_grosse_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Kaiser_wilhelm_der_grosse_01.jpg/180px-Kaiser_wilhelm_der_grosse_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Kaiser_wilhelm_der_grosse_01.jpg/240px-Kaiser_wilhelm_der_grosse_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="1065" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse">Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:KronprinzWilhelmPostcard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kronprinz Wilhelm"><img alt="Kronprinz Wilhelm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/KronprinzWilhelmPostcard.jpg/120px-KronprinzWilhelmPostcard.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/KronprinzWilhelmPostcard.jpg/180px-KronprinzWilhelmPostcard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/KronprinzWilhelmPostcard.jpg/240px-KronprinzWilhelmPostcard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="387" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kronprinz Wilhelm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiser_wilhelm_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaiser wilhelm II"><img alt="Kaiser wilhelm II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kaiser_wilhelm_2.jpg/120px-Kaiser_wilhelm_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kaiser_wilhelm_2.jpg/180px-Kaiser_wilhelm_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kaiser_wilhelm_2.jpg/240px-Kaiser_wilhelm_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="528" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kaiser wilhelm II</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_at_sea_in_circa_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kronprinzessin Cecilie"><img alt="Kronprinzessin Cecilie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_at_sea_in_circa_1910.jpg/120px-The_SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_at_sea_in_circa_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_at_sea_in_circa_1910.jpg/180px-The_SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_at_sea_in_circa_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_at_sea_in_circa_1910.jpg/240px-The_SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_at_sea_in_circa_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="346" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kronprinzessin Cecilie </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_and_dominance">Expansion and dominance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expansion and dominance">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norddeutscher_Lloyd_1908.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_1908.JPG/220px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_1908.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_1908.JPG/330px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_1908.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Norddeutscher_Lloyd_1908.JPG/440px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd_1908.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2297" data-file-height="3173" /></a><figcaption>Bond of the Norddeutscher Lloyd, issued 1 March 1908</figcaption></figure> H. H. Meyer stood down from the board in 1888; he was succeeded by Friedrich Reck. Johann Georg Lohmann became director of the company; following his death in 1892, Reck stepped down and Georg Plate became chairman. The lawyer <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wiegand" title="Heinrich Wiegand">Heinrich Wiegand</a> became Director; from 1899 onwards, his title was Director General. He held this position until 1909,<a href="#cite_note-Norway-Heritage-7">[7]</a> and presided over appreciable expansion. In 1897, with the commissioning of <a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse">Kaiser Wilhelm der Große</a>, the NDL finally had a major ship for the North Atlantic. This was the largest and fastest ship in the world, and the company benefited from the reputation advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Riband" title="Blue Riband">Blue Riband</a> for the fastest Atlantic crossing, with an average speed of 22.3 knots. Between 1897 and 1907, the line followed with three further twin-screw and four-funnel steamships of the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser-class_ocean_liner" title="Kaiser-class ocean liner">Kaiser-class</a>, of 14,000 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> to 19,000 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a>: <a href="/wiki/SS_Kronprinz_Wilhelm" title="SS Kronprinz Wilhelm">SS Kronprinz Wilhelm</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm II">SS Kaiser Wilhelm II</a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_(1906)" title="SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie (1906)">SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie</a>. With these the company offered a regular service across the Atlantic to its docks at <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> from New York. On June 30, 1900 over 300 Dock workers and people were killed in <a href="/wiki/1900_Hoboken_Docks_fire" title="1900 Hoboken Docks fire">a fire</a> at the Hoboken docks. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoboken_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hoboken_1909.jpg/220px-Hoboken_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hoboken_1909.jpg/330px-Hoboken_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hoboken_1909.jpg/440px-Hoboken_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1054" /></a><figcaption>North Germany Lloyd's docks in Hoboken, 1909</figcaption></figure> So began the "decade of Germans" in transatlantic shipping, in which the NDL and the HAPAG dominated the routes with several record-breaking ships and vied with the British <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard Line</a> and the <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a> as the largest shipping companies in the world. In 1902 and 1904, two NDL ships again won the Blue Riband: Kronprinz Wilhelm, now with an average speed of 23.09 kn (42.76 km/h) for the westbound passage from <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg" title="Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a> to New York and Kaiser Wilhelm II at 23.58 kn (27.14 mph; 43.67 km/h) on the eastbound passage. In 1907, <a href="/wiki/RMS_Lusitania" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS Lusitania</a>, and then in 1909, <a href="/wiki/RMS_Mauretania_(1906)" title="RMS Mauretania (1906)">RMS Mauretania</a>, both of the British Cunard Line, won the Blue Riband back for the British, and Mauretania then retained it until 1929.<a href="#cite_note-Norway-Heritage-7">[7]</a> Between 1894 and 1908, NDL ordered many other freight and passenger steamships from several German yards. These included the <a href="/wiki/Barbarossa-class_ocean_liner" title="Barbarossa-class ocean liner">Barbarossa-class</a> (mode than 10,000 GRT, for Australia, the Far East, and the North Atlantic) and the Generals class (about 8,500 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a>, for the Far East and Australia). <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NDL_in_the_20th_century">NDL in the 20th century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: NDL in the 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiser-hun-speech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kaiser-hun-speech.jpg/220px-Kaiser-hun-speech.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kaiser-hun-speech.jpg/330px-Kaiser-hun-speech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kaiser-hun-speech.jpg/440px-Kaiser-hun-speech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1015" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser Wilhelm II">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a> speaking at the departure of <a href="/wiki/USS_Huron_(ID-1408)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Huron (ID-1408)">Friedrich Der Grosse</a> with German troops to put down the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> in China</figcaption></figure> Beginning in 1899, the NDL expanded into the Pacific, acquiring the entire fleets of two small British lines, the Scottish Oriental Steamship Company and the Holt East Indian Ocean Steamship Company, and setting up between 14 and 16 passenger and freight routes in conjunction with the postal service.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In 1900, 14 of NDL's passenger ships were requisitioned as troop transports due to the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> in China; on 27 July, <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser Wilhelm II">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a> delivered his infamous <a href="/wiki/Hun_speech" title="Hun speech">Hun speech</a>, in which he compared the military of the German Empire to the Huns, at the departure ceremony for the SS Friedrich Der Grosse.<a href="#cite_note-LAT--15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> This inspired Britain later, when they seized a number of German ships, to rename them to names beginning with "Hun", such as "Huntsgreen" and "Huntsend".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In German, these ships were collectively named "Hunnendampfer" (Huns' steamers).<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> At the beginning of the 20th century, the U.S. banking magnate <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a> began to acquire a number of shipping companies, including the <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Leyland_Line" title="Leyland Line">Leyland Line</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Line" title="Red Star Line">Red Star Line</a>, to build a transatlantic monopoly. He succeeded in signing both HAPAG and NDL to an alliance, but was unable to acquire the British <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard Line</a>, and the French <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Transatlantique" title="Compagnie Générale Transatlantique">Compagnie Générale Transatlantique</a> (CGT).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> HAPAG and NDL gave Morgan the largest U.S. rail company, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and so Morgan offered to divide the market. The Holland-America Line and the Red Star Line together divided a contract for the passengers of the four companies. Ruinous competition was prevented. In 1912, the Morgan Agreement was terminated.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 1907, the Norddeutscher Lloyd's fiftieth anniversary, it had 93 vessels, 51 smaller vessels, two sail training vessels and other river steamers. NDL had around 15,000 employees. Because of the high investment costs and an international economic crisis, the shipping company celebrated at this time but also had considerable financial difficulties.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lloydgeb%C3%A4ude_by_Otto_Bollhagen_-_Bremen_-_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lloydgeb%C3%A4ude_by_Otto_Bollhagen_-_Bremen_-_1911.jpg/220px-Lloydgeb%C3%A4ude_by_Otto_Bollhagen_-_Bremen_-_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lloydgeb%C3%A4ude_by_Otto_Bollhagen_-_Bremen_-_1911.jpg/330px-Lloydgeb%C3%A4ude_by_Otto_Bollhagen_-_Bremen_-_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lloydgeb%C3%A4ude_by_Otto_Bollhagen_-_Bremen_-_1911.jpg/440px-Lloydgeb%C3%A4ude_by_Otto_Bollhagen_-_Bremen_-_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1068" /></a><figcaption>NDL headquarters building, built in 1907–10</figcaption></figure> Despite the financial difficulties, between 1907 and 1910 the company built a new headquarters on Papenburgstrasse in Bremen, the prestigious NDL Building to plans by architect <a href="/wiki/Johann_Poppe" title="Johann Poppe">Johann Poppe</a>, who was also the lead interior designer for the company's liners. The building, the largest in the city at the time, was in eclectic <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance Revival</a> style with a tower. It was sold in 1942 to <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Schiff-_und_Maschinenbau" title="Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau">Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau</a> and when the company was broken up into its constituent parts after World War II, passed to <a href="/wiki/AG_Weser" title="AG Weser">AG Weser</a>. The building had been severely damaged by bombing and was demolished and a <a href="/wiki/Horten_AG" title="Horten AG">Horten</a> department store built on the site in 1969. The adjacent new shopping mall bears the name Lloyd Passage.<a href="#cite_note-Passage-21">[21]</a> The lucrative North Atlantic route was extremely competitive in this period, with new, attractive ships from other large companies including the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Lusitania" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS Lusitania</a>, <a href="/wiki/RMS_Mauretania" title="RMS Mauretania">Mauretania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RMS_Aquitania" title="RMS Aquitania">Aquitania</a>, of the Cunard Line, and the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Olympic" title="RMS Olympic">RMS Olympic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">Titanic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HMHS_Britannic" title="HMHS Britannic">Britannic</a> of the White Star Line. The HAPAG introduced three new vessels of the <a href="/wiki/Imperator-class_ocean_liner" title="Imperator-class ocean liner">Imperator class</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Imperator" title="SS Imperator">Imperator</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Vaterland_(1913)" title="SS Vaterland (1913)">Vaterland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RMS_Majestic_(1914)" title="RMS Majestic (1914)">Bismarck</a>, with a size of 50,000 GRT. The NDL responded with smaller but prestigious vessels such as <a href="/wiki/SS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm" title="SS Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm">Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm</a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_George_Washington" title="SS George Washington">George Washington</a>, and transferred <a href="/wiki/SS_Arabic_(1920)" title="SS Arabic (1920)">Berlin</a> from Mediterranean service to the New York run. Finally in 1914 the company ordered two 33,000 GRT liners of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus-class_liner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbus-class liner (page does not exist)">Columbus-class</a>; World War I prevented their completion.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In this era of "open borders" to transatlantic travel, the largest passenger group making the <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_crossing" title="Transatlantic crossing">transatlantic crossing</a> were immigrants from Europe to the United States, and NDL carried more than any other steamship line.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> During 1900–1914, the three NDL vessels carrying the most transatlantic migrants, <a href="/wiki/USS_Susquehanna_(ID-3016)" title="USS Susquehanna (ID-3016)">Rhein</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Main_(1900)" title="SS Main (1900)">Main</a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Antigone_(ID-3007)" title="USS Antigone (ID-3007)">Neckar</a>, each brought over 100 thousand steerage passengers to New York, Baltimore and Philadelphia.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The economic downturn following the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1907" title="Panic of 1907">Panic of 1907</a> led to a sharp fall-off of migrant traffic to America, only partially offset by increased steerage flows back to Europe, and this was the main contributing factor to "one of the blackest years in the Company's history."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 1914, NDL employed approximately 22,000 people. Its success thus directly influenced the rapid growth of the city of <a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a>, which had been founded only in 1827. Director General Dr. Wiegand died in 1909, and was succeeded by Director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phillip_Heineken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phillip Heineken (page does not exist)">Phillip Heineken</a> until 1920.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NDL's_routes_around_1907">NDL's routes around 1907</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: NDL's routes around 1907">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ID4063_USS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ID4063_USS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm.jpg/220px-ID4063_USS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ID4063_USS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm.jpg/330px-ID4063_USS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ID4063_USS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm.jpg/440px-ID4063_USS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5714" data-file-height="3958" /></a><figcaption>Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm of 1907</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gdansk_Shipyard_-_SS_Columbus_(1913).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gdansk_Shipyard_-_SS_Columbus_%281913%29.jpg/220px-Gdansk_Shipyard_-_SS_Columbus_%281913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gdansk_Shipyard_-_SS_Columbus_%281913%29.jpg/330px-Gdansk_Shipyard_-_SS_Columbus_%281913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Gdansk_Shipyard_-_SS_Columbus_%281913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption>Columbus of 1914</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uss_Zeppelin_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Uss_Zeppelin_1919.jpg/220px-Uss_Zeppelin_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Uss_Zeppelin_1919.jpg/330px-Uss_Zeppelin_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Uss_Zeppelin_1919.jpg/440px-Uss_Zeppelin_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Zeppelin of 1915</figcaption></figure> This is a list of routes served by NDL in 1907.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Europe – America <ul><li>Bremerhaven – New York</li> <li>Bremerhaven – Baltimore</li> <li>Bremerhaven – Savannah</li> <li>Bremerhaven – Galveston</li> <li>Bremerhaven – Cuba</li> <li>Bremerhaven – La Plata ports</li> <li>Bremerhaven – Brazil</li> <li>Genoa – New York</li></ul> Mediterranean <ul><li>Marseilles – Alexandria</li></ul> Europe – Asia/Australia <ul><li>Bremerhaven – East Asia</li> <li>Bremerhaven – Australia</li></ul> Asia / Australia (including coastal routes) <ul><li>Hong Kong – Japan – New Guinea</li> <li>Hong Kong – Bangkok</li> <li>Hong Kong – Bangkok (via Singapore)</li> <li>Hong Kong Straits</li> <li>Hong Kong – South Philippines</li> <li>Penang – Deli</li> <li>Deli – Singapore</li> <li>Singapore – Bangkok</li> <li>Singapore – South Philippines</li> <li>Singapore – Moluccas (on Borneo)</li> <li>Singapore – Moluccas (on Celebes)</li> <li>Shanghai – Hankow</li> <li>Australia – Japan – Manila – Hong Kong</li></ul> German coast <ul><li>Daytrip service on the Baltic coast</li> <li>Tug service Bremen – Hamburg and Bremen – Bremerhaven</li> <li>Passenger shipping Bremen – Bremerhaven</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War I">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00383,_Dampfer_%22Columbus%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00383%2C_Dampfer_%22Columbus%22.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00383%2C_Dampfer_%22Columbus%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00383%2C_Dampfer_%22Columbus%22.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00383%2C_Dampfer_%22Columbus%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00383%2C_Dampfer_%22Columbus%22.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00383%2C_Dampfer_%22Columbus%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>The second Columbus of 1924</figcaption></figure> For NDL as a civilian shipping line, the beginning of World War I was a trial, as well as a logistical challenge because a large part of the fleet was at sea around the world. However, most ships were able to reach neutral ports. The logistical operations of NDL in <a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a> were placed almost exclusively at the service of the German Navy.<a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-29">[29]</a> NDL owned a majority interest in the Deutsche Ozean-Reederei ("German Ocean Shipping Service"), which used <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> for trade and made some successful Atlantic crossings. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_war">Post war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post war">edit</a>]</div> At the start of the war, the NDL's fleet totaled more than 900,000 GRT. Under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> at war's end, all ships over 1,600 GRT and half of all units from 100 to 1,600 GRT were confiscated.<a href="#cite_note-Ballin-30">[30]</a> The United States had already confiscated in 1917 the facilities in Hoboken and the NDL ships at the dock there. The prewar NDL fleet no longer existed.<a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-29">[29]</a> The company was left with some small ships totalling 57,000 GRT. With these the company restarted daytrip passenger service, tug service, and freight service in 1919. The 'flagship' was the 781-ton Grüß Gott.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> From 1920 to 1939, NDL participated in the <a href="/wiki/Seedienst_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen" title="Seedienst Ostpreußen">Seedienst Ostpreußen</a> passenger and goods service to <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>. In 1920, an air transport subsidiary was founded and soon merged with Sablatnig Flugzeugbau GmbH to form Lloyd Luftverkehr Sablatnig. In 1923 this combined with HAPAG's air transport subsidiary to form Deutscher Aero Lloyd, which on 6 January 1926 merged with Junkers Luftverkehr AG to become Deutsche Luft Hansa A.G., the predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>. In August 1920, the NDL made an agency agreement with the U.S. Mail Steamship Co. (beginning in 1921, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Lines" title="United States Lines">United States Lines</a>). This made it possible to resume transatlantic service from Bremerhaven to New York with the former Rhein, now sailing under the US flag as the Susquehanna.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The unfinished <a href="/wiki/SS_Columbus_(1924)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Columbus (1924)">Columbus</a> had been awarded to Great Britain after the war and was bought in 1920 by White Star, which had lost significant tonnage in the war and also wished to make up for the pre-war loss of the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMS Titanic">Titanic</a>. Work at Danzig proceeded very slowly. Finally in autumn 1921 the so-called Columbus Agreement was reached, under which the German government and NDL undertook to facilitate rapid completion of the Columbus in exchange for the British government returning ownership to the NDL of six smaller ships which had spent the war years in South America: the mail steamships Seydlitz and Yorck, the Gotha, and the cargo ships Göttingen, <a href="/wiki/SS_Westfalen_(1905)" title="SS Westfalen (1905)">Westfalen</a> and Holstein.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The company also began to build new freighters and passenger ships and to buy back other ships.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In late 1921, service to South America was resumed with the Seydlitz, and in early 1922, East Asian service with the Westfalen. On 12 February 1922, service to New York with NDL's own ships resumed with Seydlitz.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The other ship of the Columbus class, the 32,354 GRT former Hindenburg, was completed in 1924 and named <a href="/wiki/SS_Columbus_(1924)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Columbus (1924)">Columbus</a>; she was placed in scheduled transatlantic passenger service. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09397,_Bremerhaven,_Schiffe_%22Europa%22_und_%22Bremen%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09397%2C_Bremerhaven%2C_Schiffe_%22Europa%22_und_%22Bremen%22.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09397%2C_Bremerhaven%2C_Schiffe_%22Europa%22_und_%22Bremen%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09397%2C_Bremerhaven%2C_Schiffe_%22Europa%22_und_%22Bremen%22.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09397%2C_Bremerhaven%2C_Schiffe_%22Europa%22_und_%22Bremen%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09397%2C_Bremerhaven%2C_Schiffe_%22Europa%22_und_%22Bremen%22.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09397%2C_Bremerhaven%2C_Schiffe_%22Europa%22_und_%22Bremen%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Flagships of North German Lloyd in 1930 – <a href="/wiki/SS_Bremen_(1928)" title="SS Bremen (1928)">Bremen</a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Europa_(1928)" title="SS Europa (1928)">Europa</a>, the biggest German liners</figcaption></figure> A brief post-war boom was followed by severe <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> in Germany, despite which NDL continued to expand their fleet. Twelve new ships of between 8,700 and 11,400 GRT were placed in service for South and Central America and the Far East, then in addition to Columbus three new ships of between 13,000 and 15,000 GRT for the North Atlantic (the München, Stuttgart and Berlin), and in 1927 the former <a href="/wiki/USS_Zeppelin" title="USS Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> was bought back from Great Britain and placed in service as the Dresden.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 1920, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Stimming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Stimming (page does not exist)">Carl Stimming</a> became director general of NDL, while his predecessor Heineken became chairman of the board. Between 1925 and 1928, the company acquired a number of German shipping companies: HABAL, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roland_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roland Line (page does not exist)">Roland Line</a>, and Argo.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The acquisition of the Roland Line brought Ernst Glässel onto the board of directors, where he was to have increasing influence. In 1926, the company were once more able to pay a <a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">dividend</a>. American credit financed continuing expansion and orders for new ships. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_Bremen_(1929).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stamp_Bremen_%281929%29.jpg/220px-Stamp_Bremen_%281929%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stamp_Bremen_%281929%29.jpg/330px-Stamp_Bremen_%281929%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Stamp_Bremen_%281929%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption>A German postage stamp representing <a href="/wiki/SS_Bremen_(1928)" title="SS Bremen (1928)">Bremen</a></figcaption></figure> In 1929 and 1930, the company put its two largest ships in service, <a href="/wiki/SS_Bremen_(1928)" title="SS Bremen (1928)">Bremen</a> (51,656 GRT) and <a href="/wiki/SS_Europa_(1928)" title="SS Europa (1928)">Europa</a> (49,746 GRT). With an average speed of about 27.9 knots (51.7 km/h), both were to take the Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic crossings.<a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-29">[29]</a> In 1929, Columbus was completely refitted. From 1928 to 1939, the volume of passengers travelling between the US and Europe declined sharply. In 1928, the NDL transported about 8% of a passenger volume of 1,168,414 passengers; in 1932, 16.2% of the 751,592 passengers transported; in 1938, around 11% of 685,655 passengers. In addition, there was significant new competition from new Italian, French and British superliners: the Italian <a href="/wiki/SS_Rex" title="SS Rex">Rex</a> (51,062 GRT) and <a href="/wiki/SS_Conte_di_Savoia" title="SS Conte di Savoia">Conte di Savoia</a> (48,502 GRT), the French <a href="/wiki/SS_Normandie" title="SS Normandie">Normandie</a> (79,280 GRT), and the British <a href="/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary" title="RMS Queen Mary">Queen Mary</a> (80,744 GRT).<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_N_1572_Bild-1925-079,_Polarfahrt_mit_Dampfer_%22M%C3%BCnchen%22,_Advent-Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundesarchiv_N_1572_Bild-1925-079%2C_Polarfahrt_mit_Dampfer_%22M%C3%BCnchen%22%2C_Advent-Bay.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_N_1572_Bild-1925-079%2C_Polarfahrt_mit_Dampfer_%22M%C3%BCnchen%22%2C_Advent-Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundesarchiv_N_1572_Bild-1925-079%2C_Polarfahrt_mit_Dampfer_%22M%C3%BCnchen%22%2C_Advent-Bay.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_N_1572_Bild-1925-079%2C_Polarfahrt_mit_Dampfer_%22M%C3%BCnchen%22%2C_Advent-Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundesarchiv_N_1572_Bild-1925-079%2C_Polarfahrt_mit_Dampfer_%22M%C3%BCnchen%22%2C_Advent-Bay.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_N_1572_Bild-1925-079%2C_Polarfahrt_mit_Dampfer_%22M%C3%BCnchen%22%2C_Advent-Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>General von Steuben of 1923</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/1929_economic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1929 economic crisis">1929 economic crisis</a> which began in the US affected the German shipping companies. The NDL and the HAPAG therefore entered into a cooperation agreement in 1930, and beginning in 1935, instituted joint operations in the North Atlantic.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The first signs of a merger were visible. By 1932, the NDL was in an economic crisis, with about 5,000 employees let go, salary cuts, and red ink. Glässel was dismissed. The government placed both NDL and HAPAG in trusteeship under <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_von_Roedern" title="Siegfried von Roedern">Siegfried von Roedern</a>, and following the death of Stimming, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Albert" title="Heinrich Albert">Heinrich F. Albert</a> briefly became head of the NDL, followed after some eighteen months by the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist">National Socialist</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_Firle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolph Firle (page does not exist)">Rudolph Firle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Bremen State Councillor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Lindemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Lindemann (page does not exist)">Karl Lindemann</a> was chairman of the board from 1933 to 1945.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> A programme of economic recovery by divestments and restructuring was initiated. HBAL and the Roland Line became independent companies once more, and other lines took over services to Africa and the Mediterranean. The Nazi regime ordered both NDL and HAPAG to relinquish ships to other lines which were to operate in their regions without competition from other German companies, in particular to <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_S%C3%BCd" title="Hamburg Süd">Hamburg Süd</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Afrika-Linien/John_T._Essberger_Group_of_Companies" title="Deutsche Afrika-Linien/John T. Essberger Group of Companies">Deutsche Afrika-Linien</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Levante_Linie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Levante Linie (page does not exist)">Deutsche Levante Linie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 1935, the <a href="/wiki/SS_Scharnhorst_(1934)" title="SS Scharnhorst (1934)">Scharnhorst</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Gneisenau_(1935)" title="SS Gneisenau (1935)">Gneisenau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SS_Potsdam_(1935)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Potsdam (1935)">Potsdam</a>, each with about 18,000 GRT, were placed in service for the Far East. The modernization of the fleet continued and in 1937 the line made modest profits. In 1939 the <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Erlangen_(1929)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Erlangen (1929) (page does not exist)">Erlangen</a> slipped out of <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a> Harbour (New Zealand) on 28 August, on the eve of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, ostensibly for <a href="/wiki/Port_Kembla,_New_South_Wales" title="Port Kembla, New South Wales">Port Kembla, New South Wales</a>, where she was to have filled her coal bunkers for the homeward passage to Europe. She then headed for the subantarctic <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a>, where she successfully evaded the cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Leander" title="HMNZS Leander">HMNZS Leander</a>, and re-stocked with food and wood. The freighter then made a desperate and successful escape, using jury-rigged sails, to <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, Chile, in South America. She then made her way into the South Atlantic where, on 24 July 1941, she was intercepted off Montevideo by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Newcastle_(C76)" title="HMS Newcastle (C76)">HMS Newcastle</a> and scuttled by her crew.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In 1939 NDL had in service 70 vessels with a total of 562,371 GRT, including the sail training vessel Kommodore Johnsen (now the Russian <a href="/wiki/STS_Sedov" title="STS Sedov">STS Sedov</a>), 3 daytrip ships, 19 tugs and 125 small ships, and employed 12,255, 8,811 on vessels. Nine further freighters were completed after the outbreak of World War II. This entire fleet was either lost during the war or awarded to the Allies as reparations. Columbus had to be sunk in 1939; Bremen burned in 1941; <a href="/wiki/SS_General_von_Steuben" title="SS General von Steuben">Steuben</a> was sunk in the Baltic in 1945 with the loss of some 4,000 lives; Europa, claimed by France, became the Liberté in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-29">[29]</a> The Reich was the primary stockholder in the company, but in 1941/42, NDL was once more privatized and cigarette manufacturer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philipp_Reemtsma_F%C3%BCrchtegott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philipp Reemtsma Fürchtegott (page does not exist)">Philipp Reemtsma</a> became primary stockholder.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kulenkampff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Kulenkampff (page does not exist)">Johannes Kulenkampff</a>, a board member since 1932, and Richard Bertram, a board member since 1937, became Chairman in 1942. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: After World War II">edit</a>]</div> At the end of World War II the company's headquarters (which had in any case been sold in 1942<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>) had been severely damaged by bombing and all its large vessels either destroyed or seized. It was left with only the freighter Bogotá, which was in Japan. Relicensed by the American military administration on November 29, 1945 as a "coastal shipping and stevedoring company," it started again, as after World War I, practically from zero, offering tugboat and daytripper services. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MS_Gripsholm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MS_Gripsholm.jpg/220px-MS_Gripsholm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MS_Gripsholm.jpg/330px-MS_Gripsholm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MS_Gripsholm.jpg/440px-MS_Gripsholm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MS_Gripsholm_(1924)" title="MS Gripsholm (1924)">Gripsholm</a>, later NDL's Berlin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_cargo_ships_of_the_North_German_Lloyd_in_the_Chilean_port_of_Antofagasta_-_1963.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Two_cargo_ships_of_the_North_German_Lloyd_in_the_Chilean_port_of_Antofagasta_-_1963.png/220px-Two_cargo_ships_of_the_North_German_Lloyd_in_the_Chilean_port_of_Antofagasta_-_1963.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Two_cargo_ships_of_the_North_German_Lloyd_in_the_Chilean_port_of_Antofagasta_-_1963.png/330px-Two_cargo_ships_of_the_North_German_Lloyd_in_the_Chilean_port_of_Antofagasta_-_1963.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Two_cargo_ships_of_the_North_German_Lloyd_in_the_Chilean_port_of_Antofagasta_-_1963.png/440px-Two_cargo_ships_of_the_North_German_Lloyd_in_the_Chilean_port_of_Antofagasta_-_1963.png 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption>Two NDL cargo ships in <a href="/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a> – 1963</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teilnehmer_des_vierten_gro%C3%9Fen_Bremer_NDL-Treffens_am_20_Februar_2013.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Teilnehmer_des_vierten_gro%C3%9Fen_Bremer_NDL-Treffens_am_20_Februar_2013.png/220px-Teilnehmer_des_vierten_gro%C3%9Fen_Bremer_NDL-Treffens_am_20_Februar_2013.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Teilnehmer_des_vierten_gro%C3%9Fen_Bremer_NDL-Treffens_am_20_Februar_2013.png/330px-Teilnehmer_des_vierten_gro%C3%9Fen_Bremer_NDL-Treffens_am_20_Februar_2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Teilnehmer_des_vierten_gro%C3%9Fen_Bremer_NDL-Treffens_am_20_Februar_2013.png/440px-Teilnehmer_des_vierten_gro%C3%9Fen_Bremer_NDL-Treffens_am_20_Februar_2013.png 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Participants of the fourth large Bremer NDL meeting on 20 February 2013</figcaption></figure> Kulenkampff and Bertram constituted the Board and there were at first only 350 employees. In 1948, the first Hapag-Lloyd travel agency opened. Business initially consisted of emigration and a limited amount of tourism. Beginning in 1949, German companies were permitted to order and to build ships of up to 7,200 GRT. In 1950, the NDL placed its first post-war orders at the <a href="/wiki/Bremer_Vulkan" title="Bremer Vulkan">Bremer Vulkan</a> shipyard, the Rheinstein class (2,791 GRT, 13 knots).<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> After the limitations on German shipping imposed by the Allies were lifted in 1951,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> the NDL commenced building a new fleet. First it bought older freighters (for example the Nabob, a former American auxiliary aircraft carrier) and had new freighters built between 4,000 and 9,000 GRT and 5,000 and 13,000 <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">DWT</a>, all with names ending in -stein. The line had routes to Canada, New Orleans, the Canary Islands, and beginning in 1953 to the Far East. Passenger service resumed in 1955 using a rebuilt 1924 Swedish ship, the 17,993 GRT <a href="/wiki/MS_Gripsholm_(1924)" title="MS Gripsholm (1924)">Gripsholm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Renamed Berlin, she was the sixth German ship of that name, the fourth at NDL, and sailed North Atlantic routes. In 1959, the company added the 32,336 GRT <a href="/wiki/SS_Pasteur_(1938)" title="SS Pasteur (1938)">Bremen</a> (formerly Pasteur), and in 1965, the 21,514 GRT <a href="/wiki/MS_Kungsholm_(1953)" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Kungsholm (1953)">Europa</a> (formerly Kungsholm), Gripsholm's sister ship bought from the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_American_Line" title="Swedish American Line">Swedish American Line</a>, with a capacity of 843 passengers.<a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-29">[29]</a> These vessels were first placed in scheduled service to America but soon transferred to cruising. In 1967, the 10,481 GRT express freighter Friesenstein (21.5 knots) inaugurated the Friesenstein class and replaced Nabob and Schwabenstein. Passenger service was running at an increasing deficit, and the rapidly growing <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">container</a> traffic required cost-intensive retooling in the freight business. In 1968 NDL inaugurated container service to the USA with the 13,384 GRT Weser-Express; two more container ships were soon added. Around 1960, NDL had 47 ships, a number that remained almost unchanged until 1970. In 1968, the fleet totaled 343,355 GRT (in 1970, 391,313 GRT) and was the 16th largest shipping company worldwide; HAPAG, with 410,786 GRT, was the 9th largest.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In 1970, NDL had a turnover of 515 million DM and share capital of 54 million DM, and employed 6,200 people, 3,500 of them at sea.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In 1967, Claus Wätjen and Dr. Horst Willner, and in 1969 Karl-Heinz Sager, joined the Board. Kulenkampff served on the Board until 1968 and Bertram until 1970. Since the NDL was already executing three quarters of its freight business in association with HAPAG, a merger of the two largest German shipping companies was entirely logical.<a href="#cite_note-Merger-54">[54]</a> On September 1, 1970, the North German Lloyd merged with <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">Hamburg America Line</a> (HAPAG) to form <a href="/wiki/Hapag-Lloyd" title="Hapag-Lloyd">Hapag-Lloyd</a> AG, based in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> with secondary headquarters in Bremen.<a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On 20 February 2007, a small group of dedicated, former member of the North German Lloyd organized for the 150th anniversary of the foundation of the shipping company a meeting at the Bremer Ratskeller. This event was very popular, so it was decided to carry out in the following years further meetings. – Meanwhile, the meetings take place annually on the twentieth of February in Bremen in the former Lloyd's building – today Courtyard Marriott hotel. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norddeutscher_Lloyd,_Bremen,_Logo,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Norddeutscher_Lloyd%2C_Bremen%2C_Logo%2C_1913.jpg/220px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd%2C_Bremen%2C_Logo%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Norddeutscher_Lloyd%2C_Bremen%2C_Logo%2C_1913.jpg/330px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd%2C_Bremen%2C_Logo%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Norddeutscher_Lloyd%2C_Bremen%2C_Logo%2C_1913.jpg/440px-Norddeutscher_Lloyd%2C_Bremen%2C_Logo%2C_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1713" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption>NDL's emblem on the wall of the former company headquarters at the <a href="/wiki/Bremen_Hauptbahnhof" title="Bremen Hauptbahnhof">Bremen main station</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The new company has Lloyd as part of its name.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Werft" title="Lloyd Werft">Lloyd Werft</a> in Bremerhaven, with its headquarters in the former laundry facility, continues the memory of the NDL.</li> <li>The former company headquarters on Papenstraße was demolished and replaced by a department store in 1969, but the Große Hundestraße on one side of the site was the first street in Bremen to be privatized, and has been roofed with glass to become a pedestrian mall. It is called Lloyd Passage.<a href="#cite_note-Passage-21">[21]</a></li> <li>The Lloyd baggage department building or Lloyd station on Gustav Deetjen Allee at the <a href="/wiki/Bremen_Hauptbahnhof" title="Bremen Hauptbahnhof">main station in Bremen</a>, built in 1913 to <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph Jacobs">Rudolph Jacobs</a>' design, became Hapag-Lloyd's secondary headquarters. The NDL's company emblem adorns the main entrance.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Almost all company buildings are now in Hamburg and Hanover.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Dynamowerke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lloyd Dynamowerke (page does not exist)">Lloyd Dynamowerke</a> (LDW) in Bremen<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>Buildings in Bremen and Bremerhaven still bear the marks of former use by the NDL.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bremer_Bank_(German_bank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremer Bank (German bank)">Bremer Bank</a>, now absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a>, was founded by Meier to provide financing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_people">Major people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Major people">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_Henrich_Meier_-_Bellstedt_-_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hermann_Henrich_Meier_-_Bellstedt_-_1890.jpg/170px-Hermann_Henrich_Meier_-_Bellstedt_-_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hermann_Henrich_Meier_-_Bellstedt_-_1890.jpg/255px-Hermann_Henrich_Meier_-_Bellstedt_-_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hermann_Henrich_Meier_-_Bellstedt_-_1890.jpg/340px-Hermann_Henrich_Meier_-_Bellstedt_-_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>H.H. Meier</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduard_Cr%C3%BCsemann_-_Wilhelm_Amberg_-_1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eduard_Cr%C3%BCsemann_-_Wilhelm_Amberg_-_1860.jpg/170px-Eduard_Cr%C3%BCsemann_-_Wilhelm_Amberg_-_1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eduard_Cr%C3%BCsemann_-_Wilhelm_Amberg_-_1860.jpg/255px-Eduard_Cr%C3%BCsemann_-_Wilhelm_Amberg_-_1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eduard_Cr%C3%BCsemann_-_Wilhelm_Amberg_-_1860.jpg/340px-Eduard_Cr%C3%BCsemann_-_Wilhelm_Amberg_-_1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Eduard Crüsemann</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_G._Lohmann_(1830-1892).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Johann_G._Lohmann_%281830-1892%29.jpg/170px-Johann_G._Lohmann_%281830-1892%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Johann_G._Lohmann_%281830-1892%29.jpg/255px-Johann_G._Lohmann_%281830-1892%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Johann_G._Lohmann_%281830-1892%29.jpg/340px-Johann_G._Lohmann_%281830-1892%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>Johann Georg Lohmann</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dietrich_Hogemann_3409602634_168aefc8d9_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dietrich_Hogemann_3409602634_168aefc8d9_o.jpg/170px-Dietrich_Hogemann_3409602634_168aefc8d9_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dietrich_Hogemann_3409602634_168aefc8d9_o.jpg/255px-Dietrich_Hogemann_3409602634_168aefc8d9_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dietrich_Hogemann_3409602634_168aefc8d9_o.jpg/340px-Dietrich_Hogemann_3409602634_168aefc8d9_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Dietrich Hogemann</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Hermann Henrich Meier, founder and 1857–1888 first Supervisory Board Chairman of the NDL<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Eduard Crüsemann; 1857–1869 founder and first director of NDL<a href="#cite_note-Hapag-61">[61]</a></li> <li>August Hermann Friedrich Neynaber alias HFA or HAF called Hermann Neynaber; (1822–1899) captain of many liners from 1866 to 1881 (Bremen, Deutschland, Donau, Mosel, Kronprinz Friedrich Wilhelm, Rhein)<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>Johann Georg Lohmann, 1877–1892 Director of NDL<a href="#cite_note-Ballin-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>Hermann Friedrich Bremermann; 1868–1892 Director of the NDL</li> <li>Willy Christoffers; Captain from 1886 to 1900</li> <li>Georg Plate, from 1887 to the Supervisory Board of the NDL, 1892–1911 Chairman of the NDL</li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wiegand" title="Heinrich Wiegand">Heinrich Wiegand</a>; 1892–1899 Director and 1899–1909 Director-General of NDL<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>Charles Polack, Captain in 1913 of the <a href="/wiki/SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie" title="SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie">Kronprinzessin Cecilie</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li>Dr. Philipp Heineken, Director-General in 1909–1920, 1920–1933 Chairman of the Supervisory Board of NDL<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li>Carl Joachim Stimming, Director General, 1921–31<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>Arnold Petzet; from 1906 to 1927 on NDL's board, responsible for transport within Germany, establishment of the cruise sector<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Ernst Glässel; 1926 member of the Lloyd Executive Board, 1931–1932 Chairman of the Board<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Hogemann" title="Dietrich Hogemann">Dietrich Hogemann</a>, commodore who retired in 1913<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>Paul König, 1911 captain, 1916 captain of the U-boat, 1920–1932 Head of the marine department of the NDL<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>Nikolaus Johnsen, captain in 1924 of Columbus, and in 1930 Europa (III), and commodore of the fleet<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Leopold Ziegenbein, captain and commodore of Bremen (IV)<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Scharf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskar Scharf (page does not exist)">Oskar Scharf</a>, captain on the Europa (III)<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>Adolf Ahrens, captain and commodore of Columbus and Bremen (IV)<a href="#cite_note-Herbert-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Albert" title="Heinrich Albert">Dr. Heinrich F. Albert</a>, 1932–1933 Director General of the NDL<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>Friedrich Johann Gottfried Hubert Paffrath, 1929-1941 Superintendent</li> <li>Karl Lindemann (ex State Council), 1933–1945 Chairman of the Supervisory Board of NDL<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>Dr. Rudolph Firle, 1933–1944. Director General of the NDL<a href="#cite_note-Herbert-76">[76]</a></li> <li>Dr. Johnannes Kulenkampff; from 1932 Board Member, from 1942 Executive Board member<a href="#cite_note-Merger-54">[54]</a></li> <li>Richard Bertram; from 1937 Board Member, from 1942 Executive Board member<a href="#cite_note-Merger-54">[54]</a></li> <li>Paul Hampel, director of ship maintenance of the NDL of about 1950 to 1970</li> <li>Heinrich Lorenz, captain of the Berlin (IV)<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>Günter Rössing, captain of the Bremen (V)<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fleet">Fleet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fleet">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (December 2008)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> This is a list of all ships in service of the NDL. Some of the ships were owned previously by other companies.<a href="#cite_note-Ships_list-11">[11]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Tonnage </th> <th>Shipyard </th> <th class="unsortable">Fate/Status </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1858 </td> <td>Bremen (I) </td> <td align="right">2,674 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caird_%26_Company" title="Caird & Company">Caird & Co. Ltd.</a>, Greenock </td> <td>1874 sold to E.Bates, Liverpool, converted to sail </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1858 </td> <td>New York </td> <td align="right">2,674 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1874 sold to E.Bates, Liverpool, converted to sail; wrecked off Staten Island and sank in 1891 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1858 </td> <td>Hudson </td> <td align="right">2,266 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Palmer Bros. & Co. Ltd., Yarrow </td> <td>1858 burned out at Bremen, rebuilt and in 1863 became Louisiana for <a href="/wiki/National_Line" title="National Line">National Line</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1858 </td> <td>Weser (I) </td> <td align="right">2,266 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Palmer Bros. & Co. Ltd., Yarrow </td> <td>1859 sold to French Navy </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1861 </td> <td>Hansa (I) </td> <td align="right">2,992 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1879 sold to shipbuilders in part exchange for Hansa (II) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1863 </td> <td>America (I) </td> <td align="right">2,752 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1894 sold to Italy, renamed Orazio </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1865 </td> <td>Hermann </td> <td align="right">2,713 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1893 sold to shipbuilder in part exchange for H.H. Meier </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1866 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Deutschland_(1866)" title="SS Deutschland (1866)">Deutschland</a> </td> <td align="right">2,947 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1875 wrecked in Thames Estuary; loss of 57 lives </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1867 </td> <td>Union </td> <td align="right">2,880 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1870 wrecked on Rattray Head, Aberdeen; no loss of life </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1867 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Weser_(1867)" title="SS Weser (1867)">Weser</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">2,823 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1896 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1868 </td> <td>Rhein (I) </td> <td align="right">2,901 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1891 sold to Gray, Liverpool </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1868 </td> <td>Main (I) </td> <td align="right">2,899 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1891 sold to Anglo-American SS Co. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1868 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S._S._Baltimore" class="mw-redirect" title="S. S. Baltimore">Baltimore</a> </td> <td align="right">2,316 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1894 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1868 </td> <td>Berlin (I) </td> <td align="right">2,334 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1894 sold to Italy, renamed M. Bruzzo </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1869 </td> <td>Donau (I) </td> <td align="right">2,896 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1889 sold to H. Bischoff, Bremen </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1869 </td> <td>Ohio </td> <td align="right">2,393 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1894 sold to shipbuilder in part exchange for new ships, resold to Italy and renamed Amazzone </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1869 </td> <td>Leipzig (I) </td> <td align="right">2,384 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1894 sold to Hamburg owners </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1869 </td> <td>Frankfurt (I) </td> <td align="right">2,582 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1894 sold to shipbuilder in part exchange for new ships </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1869 </td> <td>Hanover (I) </td> <td align="right">2,571 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1894 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1870 </td> <td>Cologne (I) </td> <td align="right">2,556 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1895 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1870 </td> <td>Koln (I) </td> <td align="right">2,555 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1895 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1871 </td> <td>König Wilhelm I </td> <td align="right">2,400 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1873 stranded at Holland; no life lost. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1871 </td> <td>Kronprinz Friedrich Wilhelm </td> <td align="right">2,387 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1897 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1871 </td> <td>Graf Bismarck </td> <td align="right">2,393 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1898 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1872 </td> <td>Strasburg (I) </td> <td align="right">3,025 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1896 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1872 </td> <td>Mosel (I) </td> <td align="right">3,114 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1882 wrecked Cornwall; no life lost. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1873 </td> <td>Braunschweig </td> <td align="right">3,079 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>R. Steele & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1896 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1873 </td> <td>Feldmarschall Moltke </td> <td align="right">3,060 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1875 sold to <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_and_Oriental_Steam_Navigation_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company">P&O</a> and renamed Assam </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1873 </td> <td>Minister Roon </td> <td align="right">3,066 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1875 sold to P&O and renamed Siam </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1873 </td> <td>Hohenzollern (I) </td> <td align="right">3,092 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1899 sold to Hong Kong </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1874 </td> <td>Nürnberg (I) </td> <td align="right">3,116 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>R. Steele & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1895 sold to F.Raben, Vegesack, scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1874 </td> <td>Hohenstaufen </td> <td align="right">3,090 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earle%27s_Shipbuilding" title="Earle's Shipbuilding">Earle's Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd.</a>, Hull </td> <td>1897 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1874 </td> <td>Oder (I) </td> <td align="right">3,158 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1887 wrecked at <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a> Islands </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1874 </td> <td>Neckar (I) </td> <td align="right">3,120 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1896 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1874 </td> <td>General Werder </td> <td align="right">3,020 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Caird & Co. Ltd., Greenock </td> <td>1892 given for new building in payment </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1875 </td> <td>Salier </td> <td align="right">3,083 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Earle's Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Hull </td> <td>1896 wrecked on Spanish coast; loss of 279 lives </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1876 </td> <td>Habsburg </td> <td align="right">3,094 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Earle's Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Hull </td> <td>1898 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1881 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Elbe_(1881)" title="SS Elbe (1881)">Elbe</a> (I) </td> <td align="right">4,510 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering_Company" title="Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company">John Elder & Co. Ltd.</a>, Glasgow </td> <td>1895 sank after collision in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> (332 dead) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1882 </td> <td>Werra (I) </td> <td align="right">4,815 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>John Elder & Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1901 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1883 </td> <td>Fulda (I) </td> <td align="right">4,814 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>John Elder & Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1899 rebuilding aborted after heavy damage and scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1884 </td> <td>Eider (I) </td> <td align="right">5,129 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>John Elder & Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1892 stranded at Isle of Wight, refloated and scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1884 </td> <td>Ems (I) </td> <td align="right">5,129 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>John Elder & Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>Sold to <a href="/wiki/Elder_Dempster_Lines" title="Elder Dempster Lines">Elder Dempster Lines</a>, renamed Lake Simcoe </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1886 </td> <td>Aller (I) </td> <td align="right">4,964 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering_Company" title="Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company">Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd.</a>, Glasgow </td> <td>1904 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1886 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Stettin_(1886)" title="SS Stettin (1886)">Stettin</a> </td> <td align="right">2,178 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AG_Vulcan_Stettin" title="AG Vulcan Stettin">AG Vulcan Stettin</a> </td> <td>1931 scrapped<a href="#cite_note-Lloyds1-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1886 </td> <td>Trave (I) </td> <td align="right">4,996 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1908 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1886 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saale_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saale (ship)">Saale</a> (I) </td> <td align="right">4,967 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1901 sold </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1886 </td> <td>Preussen </td> <td align="right">4,577 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1909 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1887 </td> <td>Lahn (I) </td> <td align="right">5,097 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1904 sold </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1887 </td> <td>Bayern </td> <td align="right">4,574 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1909 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1887 </td> <td>Sachsen </td> <td align="right">4,571 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1909 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1888 </td> <td>Dresden (I) </td> <td align="right">4,802 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1903 renamed Helius, 1906 sold to Turkish Government and renamed Bezmi-i-Alem, 1914 sunk Black Sea </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1889 </td> <td>Kaiser Wilhelm II (I) </td> <td align="right">6,990 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1900 rebuilt to 6,668 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a>, 1901 Renamed Hohenzollern (II), 1908 stranded at Sardinia, refloated and scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1889 </td> <td>München (I) </td> <td align="right">4,803 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1902 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1889 </td> <td>Karlsruhe (I) </td> <td align="right">5,347 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1908 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1889 </td> <td>Stuttgart (I) </td> <td align="right">5,349 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1908 sold to be scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1890 </td> <td>Darmstadt </td> <td align="right">5,316 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1911 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1890 </td> <td>Gera (I) </td> <td align="right">5,319 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1909 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1890 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_merchant_cruiser_Ural_(1904)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian merchant cruiser Ural (1904)">Spree</a> (I) </td> <td align="right">6,963 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AG_Vulcan_Stettin" title="AG Vulcan Stettin">AG Vulcan</a>, Stettin </td> <td>1899: rebuilt and renamed to 7,840 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> Kaiserin Maria Theresia. 1904 sold to Russian Navy, renamed Ural </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1891 </td> <td>Havel (I) </td> <td align="right">6,963 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1898 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1891 </td> <td>Oldenburg </td> <td align="right">5,317 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1911 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1891 </td> <td>Weimar </td> <td align="right">5,316 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Fairfield Shipbuilding & Eng. Co. Ltd., Glasgow </td> <td>1908 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1892 </td> <td>H. H. Meier </td> <td align="right">5,481 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armstrong,_Mitchell_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Armstrong, Mitchell and Company">Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. Ltd.</a>, Newcastle </td> <td>1901 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1893 </td> <td>Pfalz (I) </td> <td align="right">3,874 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wigham_Richardson" title="Wigham Richardson">Wigham Richardson & Co. Ltd.</a>, Newcastle </td> <td>1904 sunk </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1893 </td> <td>Mark (I) </td> <td align="right">3,936 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. Ltd., Newcastle </td> <td>1915 Sunk by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> off <a href="/wiki/Tanga,_Tanzania" title="Tanga, Tanzania">Tanga, Tanzania</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1894 </td> <td>Prinzregent Luitpold </td> <td align="right">6,288 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>; 1915 seized by Italy, renamed Pietro Calvi </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1894 </td> <td>Prinz Heinrich </td> <td align="right">6,263 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schichau-Werke" title="Schichau-Werke">Schichau-Werke</a>, Danzig </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>; 1916 seized by Portugal, renamed Porto </td></tr> <tr> <td>1894 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Freedom_(ID-3024)" title="USS Freedom (ID-3024)">Wittekind</a> </td> <td align="right">4,997 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%2B_Voss" class="mw-redirect" title="Blohm + Voss">Blohm & Voss AG</a>, Hamburg </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>; 1917 seized by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Shipping_Board" title="United States Shipping Board">United States Shipping Board</a>, renamed Iroquois </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1894 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Willehad" title="SS Willehad">Willehad</a> </td> <td align="right">4,761 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Blohm & Voss AG, Hamburg </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>; 1917 seized by US Shipping Board, renamed Wyandotte </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1896 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Friedrich_der_Grosse" title="SS Friedrich der Grosse">Friedrich der Große</a> </td> <td align="right">10,531 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; 1917 seized by US Shipping Board, renamed Huron </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1897 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Cuba_(1920)" title="SS Cuba (1920)">Coblenz</a> (I) </td> <td align="right">3,169 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Blohm & Voss AG, Hamburg </td> <td>1914 interned in Manila; 1917 seized by U.S. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1897 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Mercury_(ID-3012)" title="USS Mercury (ID-3012)">Barbarossa</a> </td> <td align="right">10,769 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Blohm & Voss AG, Hamburg </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; 1917 seized by US Shipping Board, renamed Mercury </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1897 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_K%C3%B6nigin_Luise_(1896)" title="SS Königin Luise (1896)">Königin Luise</a> </td> <td align="right">10,566 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1921 to <a href="/wiki/Orient_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Orient Line">Orient Line</a>, renamed Omar </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1897 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Bremen_(1896)" title="SS Bremen (1896)">Bremen</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">10,522 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1921 to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byron Line (page does not exist)">Byron Line</a>, renamed Constantinople </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1897 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse">Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse</a> </td> <td align="right">14,349 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1914 became German armed merchant cruiser, 1914 sunk by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Highflyer_(1898)" title="HMS Highflyer (1898)">HMS Highflyer</a> at Rio de Oro, Spanish Sahara </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1898 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Burdigala" title="SS Burdigala">Kaiser Friedrich</a> </td> <td align="right">12,481 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1898 could not reach specified speed, 1899 chartered to HAPAG, 1900–1912 laid up; 1912 sold to <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_Navigation_Sud-Atlantique" title="Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique">Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique</a>, Paris, renamed Burdigala </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1899 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Susquehanna_(ID-3016)" title="USS Susquehanna (ID-3016)">Rhein</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">10,058 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Blohm & Voss AG, Hamburg </td> <td>1917 seized by US, renamed Susquehanna </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1899 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_K%C3%B6nig_Albert" title="SS König Albert">König Albert</a> </td> <td align="right">10,643 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1915 seized by Italy and renamed Ferdinando Palasciano </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1899 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Amphion_(ID-1888)" title="USS Amphion (ID-1888)">Köln</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">7,409 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde </td> <td>1917 seized by US, renamed Amphion </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1899 </td> <td>Hanover (II) </td> <td align="right">7,305 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Wigham Richardson & Co. Ltd., Newcastle </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation; 1921 repurchased by NDL, rebuilt to 7,438 tons; 1933 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1900 </td> <td>Frankfurt (II) </td> <td align="right">7,431 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1922 renamed Sarvistan </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1900 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Aeolus_(ID-3005)" title="USS Aeolus (ID-3005)">Großer Kurfürst</a> </td> <td align="right">13,183 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1917 seized by US, renamed Aeolus </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1900 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Pocahontas_(ID-3044)" title="USS Pocahontas (ID-3044)">Prinzessin Irene</a> </td> <td align="right">10,881 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1917 seized by US, renamed Pocahontas; 1922 re-purchased by NDL, renamed Bremen (III), 1928 renamed Karlsruhe (II); 1932 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1900 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Princess_Matoika" title="USS Princess Matoika">Princess Alice</a> </td> <td align="right">10,911 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1904 purchased from Hamburg America Line asKiautschou and renamed Princess Alice. 1917 seized by US, renamed Princess Matoika </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1900 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Main_(1900)" title="SS Main (1900)">Main</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">10,067 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Blohm & Voss AG, Hamburg </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1900 </td> <td>Strassburg (II) </td> <td align="right">5,057 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1904 transferred to Hamburg America Line, renamed Slavonia </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1900 </td> <td>Würzburg </td> <td align="right">5,085 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1916 seized by Portugal, renamed Sao Vicente </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1901 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Kronprinz_Wilhelm" title="SS Kronprinz Wilhelm">Kronprinz Wilhelm</a> </td> <td align="right">14,908 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1914 became German commerce raider, 1915 interned in <a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News, Virginia</a>, 1917 seized by US, renamed Von Steuben </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1901 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Antigone_(ID-3007)" title="USS Antigone (ID-3007)">Neckar</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">9,835 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, <a href="/wiki/Geestem%C3%BCnde" class="mw-redirect" title="Geestemünde">Geestemünde</a> </td> <td>1917 seized by US, renamed Antigone </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1901 </td> <td>Cassel </td> <td align="right">7,543 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde </td> <td>1919 ceded to France as war reparation, renamed Marechal Gallieni </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1901 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Bridgeport_(AD-10)" title="USS Bridgeport (AD-10)">Breslau</a> </td> <td align="right">7,524 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bremer_Vulkan" title="Bremer Vulkan">Bremer Vulkan</a> AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1917 seized by US, renamed Bridgeport </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1901 </td> <td>Petchaburi </td> <td>2.191 GRT </td> <td>Georg Seebeck, Bremerhaven </td> <td>July 1917 Seized by the Siam Government, renamed Kaeo Samud; December 1920 sunk on trip from Bangkok to Swatow in Gulf of Siam </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1902 </td> <td>Chemnitz (I) </td> <td align="right">7,542 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1902 </td> <td>Brandenburg </td> <td align="right">7,532 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1922 renamed Hecuba and transferred to Alfred Holt & Co. (<a href="/wiki/Blue_Funnel_Line" title="Blue Funnel Line">Blue Funnel Line</a>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1902 </td> <td>Schleswig </td> <td align="right">6,955 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1919 to France as war reparation, 1921 renamed General Duchesne, management was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Messageries_Maritimes" title="Messageries Maritimes">Messageries Maritimes</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1902 </td> <td>Erlangen (I) </td> <td align="right">5,285 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1917 mined and sunk in North Sea, loss of 19 lives </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1903 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm II">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">19,361 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>; 1917 seized by US, renamed Agamemnon </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1903 </td> <td>Zieten </td> <td align="right">8,066 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1916 seized by Portugal, renamed Tungue </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1903 </td> <td>Roon </td> <td align="right">8,022 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain, 1921 to Greece, renamed Constantinoupolis </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1903 </td> <td>Seydlitz </td> <td align="right">7,942 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Stettin </td> <td>1933 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1903 </td> <td>Gneisenau (I) </td> <td align="right">8,081 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1918 seized by Belgium, 1919 sold to Italy, 1921 renamed Citta di Genova </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1904 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Scharnhorst_(1904)" title="SS Scharnhorst (1904)">Scharnhorst</a> (I) </td> <td align="right">8,131 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde </td> <td>1919 seized by France, 1920 transferred to <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Transatlantique" title="Compagnie Générale Transatlantique">French Line</a>, renamed La Bourdonnais </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1904 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Prinz_Eitel_Friedrich_(1904)" title="SS Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1904)">Prinz Eitel Friedrich</a> </td> <td align="right">8,865 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1914 became German commerce raider, 1915 interned in US, 1917 seized by US, renamed DeKalb </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1906 </td> <td>Yorck </td> <td align="right">8,901 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1933 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1906 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Nyassa" title="SS Nyassa">Bülow</a> </td> <td align="right">9,028 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> / 1916 seized by Portugal, renamed Tras-os-Montes </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1906 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orcades_(1921)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orcades (1921)">Prinz Ludwig</a> </td> <td align="right">9,630 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1920 transferred to <a href="/wiki/Orient_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Orient Line">Orient Line</a>, renamed Orcades </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1907 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm" title="SS Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm">Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm</a> </td> <td align="right">17,082 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde </td> <td>1920 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1921 transferred to <a href="/wiki/CP_Ships" title="CP Ships">Canadian Pacific Steamship Co.</a>, renamed Empress of China then Empress of India </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1907 </td> <td>Gotha </td> <td align="right">6,653 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1933 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1907 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie" title="SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie">Kronprinzessin Cecilie</a> </td> <td align="right">19,360 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1914 laid up in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, 1917 seized by US, renamed Mount Vernon </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1907 </td> <td>Kleist </td> <td align="right">8,950 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1921 to Japan, renamed <a href="/wiki/Yoshino_Maru" title="Yoshino Maru">Yoshino Maru</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1907 </td> <td>Goeben </td> <td align="right">8,792 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AG_Weser" title="AG Weser">AG Weser</a>, Bremen </td> <td>1919 to France as war reparation, 1920 transferred to French Line and renamed Roussillon </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1907 </td> <td>Schlesien </td> <td align="right">5,526 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flensburger_Schiffbau" class="mw-redirect" title="Flensburger Schiffbau">Flensburger Schiffbau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a> </td> <td>1914 captured by Royal Navy, 1915 renamed Maritime, then Waikawa </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1908 </td> <td>Derfflinger </td> <td align="right">9,060 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1914 seized by Britain, renamed Huntsgreen; 1923 repurchased by NDL, reverted to Derfflinger, 1932 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1908 </td> <td>Lützow </td> <td align="right">8,818 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1914 seized by Britain, renamed Huntsend; 1923 repurchased by NDL, reverted to Lutzow, 1933 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1908 </td> <td>Giessen </td> <td align="right">6,583 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1921 transferred to <a href="/wiki/Ellerman_Lines" title="Ellerman Lines">Ellerman Lines</a>, renamed City of Harvard </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1909 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_George_Washington" title="SS George Washington">George Washington</a> </td> <td align="right">25,570 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1917 seized by US </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1909 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Berlin_(1908)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Berlin (1908)">Berlin</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">17,324 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1920 transferred to <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a>, renamed Arabic </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1910 </td> <td>Coburg (I) </td> <td align="right">6,750 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1917 seized by Brazil, renamed Pocone </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1910 </td> <td>Eisenach (I) </td> <td align="right">6,757 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1917 seized by Brazil, renamed Santarém </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1912 </td> <td>Sierra Nevada (I) </td> <td align="right">8,235 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1917 seized by Brazil, renamed Bage </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1912 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Sierra_Ventana_(I)" title="SS Sierra Ventana (I)">Sierra Ventana</a> (I) </td> <td align="right">8,262 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1919 seized by France, management transferred to Cie. de Navigation Sud-Atlantique, renamed Alba </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1913 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Sierra_Cordoba" title="SS Sierra Cordoba">Sierra Cordoba</a> (I) </td> <td align="right">8,226 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>Supply ship for German raiders,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> seized by Peru 1917, renamed Callao, chartered by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Shipping_Board" title="United States Shipping Board">United States Shipping Board</a> (USSB) and transferred to U.S. Navy 26 April 1919 and commissioned USS Callao (ID-4036), decommissioned 20 September 1919.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> 1922 sold at auction by USSB, renamed Ruth Alexander by Dollar Steamship Lines<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1913 </td> <td>Sierra Salvada </td> <td align="right">8,227 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1917 seized by Brazil, renamed Avare </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1913 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Pfalz_(1913)" title="SS Pfalz (1913)">Pfalz</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">6,557 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1914 captured by Britain, renamed Boorara </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1913 </td> <td>Pommern </td> <td align="right">6,557 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1914 captured by Britain, renamed Boorara </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1914 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RMS_Homeric_(1913)" title="RMS Homeric (1913)">Columbus</a> (I) </td> <td align="right">33,526 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1919 ceded to Britain as war reparation, 1920 transferred to <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a>, renamed Homeric </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1915 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USS_Zeppelin" title="USS Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> </td> <td align="right">14,167 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1920 ceded to Britain as war reparation, transferred to <a href="/wiki/Orient_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Orient Line">Orient Line</a>, renamed Ormuz; 1927 repurchased by NDL, renamed Dresden (II); 1934 wrecked on Norwegian coast, loss of 4 lives </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1922 </td> <td>Köln (III) </td> <td align="right">9,265 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1934 became cargo ship, 1940 wrecked on Swedish coast </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1922 </td> <td>Crefeld (II) </td> <td align="right">9,573 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Flensburger Schiffbau, Flensburg </td> <td>1934 became cargo ship, 1941 scuttled as blockship at Massawa </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1922 </td> <td>Sierra Nevada (II) </td> <td align="right">8,736 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulcan, Stettin </td> <td>1925 renamed Madrid; 1935 sold to Hamburg South America Line </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1922 </td> <td>Weser (III) </td> <td align="right">9,450 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen 1926 Schwaben, passenger-cargo ship, </td> <td>1931 laid up, 1933 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Calabria_(1922)" title="SS Calabria (1922)">Werra</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">9,475 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1935 sold to Italian Line, Genoa and renamed Calabria. 11 June 1940 seized by UK; 8 December 1940 sunk by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-103_(1940)" title="German submarine U-103 (1940)">U-103</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1923 </td> <td>Sierra Ventana (II) </td> <td align="right">11,392 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1935 sold to <a href="/wiki/Italian_Line" title="Italian Line">Italian Line</a>, renamed Sardegna </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1923 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_General_von_Steuben" title="SS General von Steuben">München</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">13,325 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulkan, Stettin </td> <td>1931 renamed General Von Steuben, 1938 renamed Steuben; 1945 torpedoed and sunk by Russian submarine in <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, loss of over 2,700 lives. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1924 </td> <td>Sierra Córdoba (II) </td> <td align="right">11,469 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1935 sold to <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Arbeitsfront" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Arbeitsfront">Deutsche Arbeitsfront</a> for <a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> cruising. 1945 captured by Britain, 1948 sank under tow </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1924 </td> <td>Sierra Morena </td> <td align="right">11,430 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1935 sold to <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Arbeitsfront" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Arbeitsfront">Deutsche Arbeitsfront</a> for <a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> cruising, renamed Der Deutsche. 1946 became Russian-owned Asia </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1924 </td> <td>Saarbrücken </td> <td align="right">9,429 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1935 sold to Italian Line, renamed Toscana </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1924 </td> <td>Coblenz (II) </td> <td align="right">9,449 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1935 sold to Italian Line, renamed Sicilia </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1924 </td> <td>Trier (II) </td> <td align="right">9,415 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1936 wrecked off Spain, salvaged and sold to Turkey as submarine depot ship Erkin </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1924 </td> <td>Fulda (II) </td> <td align="right">9,492 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1940 sold to Japan, renamed Teikoko Maru </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1924 </td> <td>Stuttgart (II) </td> <td align="right">13,367 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Vulkan, Stettin </td> <td>1938 sold to <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Arbeitsfront" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Arbeitsfront">Deutsche Arbeitsfront</a> for <a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> cruising; 1943 bombed and sunk at Gdynia </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1924 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Columbus_(1922)" title="SS Columbus (1922)">Columbus</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">32,354 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Schichau-Werke, Danzig </td> <td>1939 scuttled in Atlantic Ocean to avoid capture by Royal Navy during World War II </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1925 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Admiral_Nakhimov" title="SS Admiral Nakhimov">Berlin</a> (III) </td> <td align="right">15,286 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1945 mined and sunk off Swinemunde; 1948 refloated, repaired, and renamed Admiral Nakhimov for USSR; 1986 sank in Black Sea after collision </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1926 </td> <td>Franken </td> <td align="right">7,789 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Bremer Vulkan AG, Vegesack </td> <td>1940 seized by the Netherlands, renamed Wangi Wangi<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1927 </td> <td>Arucas </td> <td align="right">3,359 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Flensburger Schiffbau, Flensburg </td> <td>1940 scuttled in North Atlantic to avoid capture by Royal Navy during World War II </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1929 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Bremen_(1928)" title="SS Bremen (1928)">Bremen</a> (IV) </td> <td align="right">51,656 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1940 accommodation ship at Bremerhaven, 1941 burnt out in Bremerhaven, 1946 scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1929 </td> <td>Erlangen (II) </td> <td align="right">6,101 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Blohm & Voss AG, Hamburg </td> <td>1941 intercepted off Montevideo by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Newcastle_(C76)" title="HMS Newcastle (C76)">HMS Newcastle</a> and scuttled by her crew </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1930 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Europa_(1928)" title="SS Europa (1928)">Europa</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">49,746 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Blohm & Voss AG, Hamburg </td> <td>1945 taken over by US Navy, renamed <a href="/wiki/SS_Europa_(1928)#World_War_II" title="SS Europa (1928)">USS Europa</a>, 1950 became <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Transatlantique" title="Compagnie Générale Transatlantique">French Line's</a> Liberté </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1934 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Scharnhorst_(1934)" title="SS Scharnhorst (1934)">Scharnhorst</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">18,184 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1942 sold to Japan and converted to aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Shin%27y%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Shin'yō">Shinyo</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1935 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Gneisenau_(1935)" title="SS Gneisenau (1935)">Gneisenau</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">18,160 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>AG Weser, Bremen </td> <td>1943 mined and put ashore on <a href="/wiki/Lolland" title="Lolland">Lolland Island</a>, later scrapped </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1935 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Potsdam_(1935)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Potsdam (1935)">Potsdam</a> (II) </td> <td align="right">17,528 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>Blohm & Voss AG, Hamburg </td> <td>1945 ceded for war reparations to Britain, 1946 became troopship <a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Fowey" title="SS Empire Fowey">Empire Fowey</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1955 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MS_Gripsholm_(1924)" title="MS Gripsholm (1924)">Berlin</a> (IV) </td> <td align="right">18,600 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth" title="Armstrong Whitworth">Armstrong, Whitworth & Co.</a>, Newcastle </td> <td>1954 acquired from <a href="/wiki/Swedish_American_Line" title="Swedish American Line">Swedish American Line</a> as <a href="/wiki/MS_Gripsholm_(1925)" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Gripsholm (1925)">Gripsholm</a> by Bremen Amerika Line, jointly operated by Swedish America and NDL. 1955 renamed Berlin (IV), 1959 fully owned by NDL, 1966 scrapped. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SS_Pasteur_(1938)" title="SS Pasteur (1938)">Bremen</a> (V) </td> <td align="right">32,336 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ateliers_et_Chantiers_de_la_Loire" title="Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire">Chantiers et Ateliers de St. Nazaire</a> </td> <td>1959 purchased from Cie. de Navigation Sud-Atlantique as <a href="/wiki/SS_Pasteur_(1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Pasteur (1939)">Pasteur</a>, renamed Bremen. 1970 owned by Hapag-Lloyd after the merger of NDL and HAPAG; 1972 sold to <a href="/wiki/Chandris_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandris Lines">Chandris Lines</a>, Piraeus, renamed Regina Magna, 1977 sold to Philippine Singapore Ports Corporation and renamed Saudiphil I as a floating hotel in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1980 sold as Filipinas Saudi I to Philsimport International in Hong Kong, 1980 sunk in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> while in tow to Taiwanese ship breaker </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>1965 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MS_Kungsholm_(1952)" title="MS Kungsholm (1952)">Europa</a> (IV) </td> <td align="right">21,514 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> </td> <td>De Schelde N.V., Vlissingen </td> <td>1965 bought from <a href="/wiki/Swedish_America_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish America Line">Swedish America Line</a> as <a href="/wiki/MS_Kungsholm_(1952)" title="MS Kungsholm (1952)">Kungsholm</a>, renamed Europa. 1970 owned by Hapag-Lloyd after the merger of NDL and HAPAG. 1981 sold to Panama, renamed Columbus C </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Prinz Waldemar </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Steamship on the US–Japan–Australia route, along with Prinz Sigismund. In use by 1903. In about 1917, it became the Parr-McCormick Company steamship Wacouta.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The vessel again renamed Prinz Waldemar was wrecked near Kingston, Jamaica, by 1926.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1898/11/19/archives/herr-hh-meier-dead-north-german-lloyd-steamship-cos-founder-passes.html">"Herr H.H. Meier Dead.; North German Lloyd Steamship Co.'s Founder Passes Away at Bremen"</a> (pdf). <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 19 November 1898. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-01-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Herr+H.H.+Meier+Dead.%3B+North+German+Lloyd+Steamship+Co.%27s+Founder+Passes+Away+at+Bremen.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1898-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1898%2F11%2F19%2Farchives%2Fherr-hh-meier-dead-north-german-lloyd-steamship-cos-founder-passes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Edwin Drechsel, Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen, 1857–1970: History, Fleet, Ship Mails, volume 1 Vancouver, British Columbia: Cordillera, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-895590-14-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-895590-14-2">978-1-895590-14-2</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-House_flag-3"><a href="#cite_ref-House_flag_3-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de~ndl.html">NDL's history and house flag</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Georg Bessell, Norddeutscher Lloyd, 1857–1957: Geschichte einer bremischen Reederei, Bremen: Schünemann, [1957], <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3187889">3187889</a>, pp. 18–20 (in German) </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Rolf Böttcher: Ankunft des Raddampfers „Washington“ in Bremerhaven 1847. Bremerhaven 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Bessell, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-Norway-Heritage-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norway-Heritage_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norway-Heritage_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norway-Heritage_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norway-Heritage_7-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_shiplist.asp?co=ndlaa">Norway-Heritage</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Bessell, pp. 35, 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1897/03/09/archives/german-steamer-on-fire-the-hh-meier-forced-to-put-back-by-the.html">"German steamer on fire"</a> (pdf). The New York Times. 9 March 1897. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-01-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=German+steamer+on+fire.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1897-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1897%2F03%2F09%2Farchives%2Fgerman-steamer-on-fire-the-hh-meier-forced-to-put-back-by-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Bessell, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ships_list-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ships_list_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ships_list_11-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/nglloyd.html">The Ships List</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100609195409/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/nglloyd.html">Archived</a> 2010-06-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Bessell, pp. 50, 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Bessell, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Bessell, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT--15"><a href="#cite_ref-LAT-_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Historic ships to ply again". <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. 1922-08-21. p. II8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Historic+ships+to+ply+again&rft.pages=II8&rft.date=1922-08-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassie1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Massie" title="Robert K. Massie">Massie, Robert K</a> (1992). <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought_(book)" title="Dreadnought (book)">Dreadnought</a>. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-03260-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-03260-7"><bdi>0-224-03260-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dreadnought&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-224-03260-7&rft.aulast=Massie&rft.aufirst=Robert+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> See our German article <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunnendampfer" class="extiw" title="de:Hunnendampfer">de:Hunnendampfer</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Lamar Cecil, Albert Ballin: Business and Politics in Imperial Germany, 1888–1918, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University, 1967, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/900428">900428</a>, pp. 52–53, 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Krass, Peter (May 2001). "He Did It!(creation of U.S. Steel by J.P. Morgan)". Across the Board (Professional Collection). </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Atlantic reporter. Vol. 81. Harvard: West Publishing Company. 1912. p. 764.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlantic+reporter&rft.place=Harvard&rft.pages=764&rft.pub=West+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Passage-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Passage_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passage_21-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lloydpassage-bremen.de/">Lloyd Passage, Bremen</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/11/11/105014544.pdf">"Great liner is launched"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 11 November 1908. p. 4. Retrieved 2008-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Great+liner+is+launched&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1908-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1908%2F11%2F11%2F105014544.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Keeling, Drew (2014), business-of-migration.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-of-migration.com/data/migration-flow-statistics/north-atlantic-1815-1914/">"North Atlantic migration flows"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Keeling, Drew (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-of-migration.com/data/voyage-database/">"Voyage Database"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> NRP Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway, p. 532, Mark Wyman, Round-Trip to America (1993), p. 74 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1918/07/26/archives/sees-big-sea-trade-aim-national-demand-here-for-great-merchant.html">"Sees Big Sea Trade Aim.; National Demand Here for Great Merchant Fleet, Says Heineken"</a> (pdf). The New York Times. 26 July 1918. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-01-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sees+Big+Sea+Trade+Aim.%3B+National+Demand+Here+for+Great+Merchant+Fleet%2C+Says+Heineken.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1918-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1918%2F07%2F26%2Farchives%2Fsees-big-sea-trade-aim-national-demand-here-for-great-merchant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article115255129">"THE GREAT "N.D.L.""</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Evening_News_(Sydney)" title="The Evening News (Sydney)">Evening News</a>. No. 13, 439. Sydney, NSW. 6 July 1910. p. 7. Retrieved 18 April 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+News&rft.atitle=THE+GREAT+%22N.D.L.%22&rft.issue=13%2C+439&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1910-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article115255129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/Brochures/NDL-1898-History.html">History of the North German Lloyd Steamship Company of Bremen (1898)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Citycyclopedia-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Citycyclopedia_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Citycyclopedia_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Citycyclopedia_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Citycyclopedia_29-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Citycyclopedia_29-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Citycyclopedia_29-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1995" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Kenneth T (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300055368">The Encyclopedia of New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/New%E2%80%93York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New–York Historical Society">New–York Historical Society</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300055368/page/854">854</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300055368" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300055368"><bdi>978-0300055368</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+City&rft.pages=854&rft.pub=New%E2%80%93York+Historical+Society%3B+Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0300055368&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780300055368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ballin-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ballin_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ballin_30-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/about_us/history_between_1886_1918.html">Hapag-Lloyd: The Ballin Era</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026161456/http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/about_us/history_between_1886_1918.html">Archived</a> 2009-10-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Bessell, p. 135. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Bessell, pp. 141, 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Bessell, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classicliners.nicholaswwilson.com/ships/columbus.htm">The Classic Liners of Long Ago: Columbus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403080803/http://classicliners.nicholaswwilson.com/ships/columbus.htm">Archived</a> 2008-04-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Bessell, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/uss_zeppelin.html">USS Zeppelin</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604161859/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/roland.htm">"Roland Line"</a>. TheShipsList. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/roland.htm">the original</a> on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2010-01-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheShipsList&rft.atitle=Roland+Line&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theshipslist.com%2Fships%2Flines%2Froland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Bessell, p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbs1957" class="citation book cs1">Gibbs, Charles Robert Vernon (1957). Passenger Liners of the Western Ocean: A Record of Atlantic Steam and Motor Passenger Vessels from 1838 to the Present Day. John De Graff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Passenger+Liners+of+the+Western+Ocean%3A+A+Record+of+Atlantic+Steam+and+Motor+Passenger+Vessels+from+1838+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pub=John+De+Graff&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=Charles+Robert+Vernon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Bessell, pp. 162, 171–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Bessell, pp. 165, 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Hartmut Rübner: Konzentration und Krise der deutschen Schiffahrt. Maritime Wirtschaft und Politik im Kaiserreich, in der Weimarer Republik und im Nationalsozialismus. Bremen 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89757-238-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-89757-238-9">3-89757-238-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Reinhold Thiel, Die Geschichte des Norddeutschen Lloyd 1857–1970, volume 4 1920–1945 Bremen: Hauschild, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-230-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-230-0">978-3-89757-230-0</a>, p. 123 (in German) </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Bessell, pp. 170–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Geer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Geer (page does not exist)">Andrew Geer</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] adapted the Erlangen's story as a novel, which in turn was adapted as the 1955 film <a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Chase" title="The Sea Chase">The Sea Chase</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Erik, Lindner: Die Reemtsmas. Geschichte einer deutschen Unternehmerfamilie, Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-455-09563-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-455-09563-1">3-455-09563-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Bessell, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehlingThiel1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Behling, Helmut; Thiel, Reinhold (1997). Bremer Vulkan: Ende einer Ära (in German). Bremen: Hauschild. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-931785-68-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-931785-68-0"><bdi>978-3-931785-68-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40363156">40363156</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bremer+Vulkan%3A+Ende+einer+%C3%84ra&rft.place=Bremen&rft.pub=Hauschild&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40363156&rft.isbn=978-3-931785-68-0&rft.aulast=Behling&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft.au=Thiel%2C+Reinhold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Bessell, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> "Year by Year 1951" – <a href="/wiki/History_Channel_International" class="mw-redirect" title="History Channel International">History Channel International</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Bessell, p. 185. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> "List of Ship owners," Fischer Weltalmanach 1971. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner1994" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert (1994). The golden age of shipping: the classic merchant ship, 1900–1960. University of Michigan: Conway Maritime Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-567-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-567-5"><bdi>0-85177-567-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+golden+age+of+shipping%3A+the+classic+merchant+ship%2C+1900%E2%80%931960&rft.place=University+of+Michigan&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-85177-567-5&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merger-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Merger_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Merger_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Merger_54-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028030133/http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/about_us/history_between_1946_1970.html">"Hapag-Lloyd: Rebuilding and Merger"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/about_us/history_between_1946_1970.html">the original</a> on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2010-02-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hapag-Lloyd%3A+Rebuilding+and+Merger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hapag-lloyd.com%2Fen%2Fabout_us%2Fhistory_between_1946_1970.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Drechsel, p. xii. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Gerhard Greß: Verkehrsknoten Bremen. EK-Verlag, Freiburg (2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88255-252-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-88255-252-2">3-88255-252-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tui-group.com/en/konzern/meta/kontakt/">Contact TUI Group</a>." TUI AG. Retrieved on 29 May 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071021053332/http://www.peterkurze.de/museum/html/werks-chronik.html">"Werkschronik zu Borgward"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterkurze.de/museum/html/werks-chronik.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2010-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Werkschronik+zu+Borgward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterkurze.de%2Fmuseum%2Fhtml%2Fwerks-chronik.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Hans Hermann Meyer: Die Bremer Altstadt – Wanderungen in die Vergangenheit. Veröffentlichung des Bremer Landesmuseums für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Focke-Museum (Nr. 107), Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-86108-686-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-86108-686-7">3-86108-686-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Wilhelm von Bippen: <a class="external text" href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Meier,_Hermann_Henrich">Meier, Hermann Henrich</a>. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Volume 52, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig (1906), P. 291–294. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hapag-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Hapag_61-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/about_us/history_between_1847_1885.html">Hapag-Lloyd: The Early Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090507191903/http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/about_us/history_between_1847_1885.html">Archived</a> 2009-05-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wggAAAAAMAAJ&q=Hermann+Neynaber&pg=PA58">Nautical magazine and journal of the naval reserve, Volume 53</a>. New York Public Library: Brown, Son and Ferguson. 1884. p. 58. Retrieved 2010-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nautical+magazine+and+journal+of+the+naval+reserve%2C+Volume+53&rft.place=New+York+Public+Library&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Brown%2C+Son+and+Ferguson&rft.date=1884&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwggAAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DHermann%2BNeynaber%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Paul Neubaur: Der Norddeutsche Lloyd. 50 Jahre der Entwicklung 1857–1907. Band I, Fr. Wilh. Grunow, Leipzig 1907. Page 44 </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1909/03/30/archives/heinrich-wiegand-dead-general-director-of-north-german-lloyd-dies.html">"Heinrich Wiegand dead"</a> (pdf). The New York Times. 30 March 1909. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-02-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Heinrich+Wiegand+dead.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1909-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1909%2F03%2F30%2Farchives%2Fheinrich-wiegand-dead-general-director-of-north-german-lloyd-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1914/03/15/archives/dinner-to-honor-noted-sea-captain-friends-of-capt-polack-to-welcome.html">"Dinner to honor noted sea captain"</a> (pdf). The New York Times. 15 March 1909. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-02-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dinner+to+honor+noted+sea+captain&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1909-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1914%2F03%2F15%2Farchives%2Fdinner-to-honor-noted-sea-captain-friends-of-capt-polack-to-welcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1915/02/16/archives/says-england-cant-starve-germany-philipp-heineken-north-german.html">"Says England can't starve Germany"</a> (pdf). The New York Times. 16 February 1915. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Says+England+can%27t+starve+Germany&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1915-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1915%2F02%2F16%2Farchives%2Fsays-england-cant-starve-germany-philipp-heineken-north-german.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> "Carl Joachim Stimming Baruthiae-Erlangen", Deutsche Corps-Zeitung 48 (1931–1932) pp. 291–93 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Schwarzwälder, Herbert: <a href="/wiki/Das_Gro%C3%9Fe_Bremen-Lexikon" title="Das Große Bremen-Lexikon">Das Große Bremen-Lexikon</a>. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-86108-693-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-86108-693-X">3-86108-693-X</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Karl Heinz Schwebel: "Haus Seefahrt" Bremen: seine Kaufleute und Kapitäne. Krohn, Bremen 1947, P. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/05/07/100617873.pdf">"Capt. Hogemann Makes His Last Voyage After 44 Years Spent at Sea"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. May 7, 1913. Retrieved 2009-08-06. <q>After the North German Lloyd liner Kronprinzessin Cecilie, arriving from Bremen yesterday, had been made fast to her pier in Hoboken Capt. Dietrich Hogemann, Commodore of the fleet, announced that it was his last voyage, and that Capt. Charles Polack of the George Washington would succeed him.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Capt.+Hogemann+Makes+His+Last+Voyage+After+44+Years+Spent+at+Sea.&rft.date=1913-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1913%2F05%2F07%2F100617873.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Hartmut Schwerdfeger & Erik Herlyn: Die Handels-U-Boote Deutschland und Bremen. Kurze-Schönholtz & Ziesener Verlag, Bremen 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-931148-99-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-931148-99-8">3-931148-99-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00199A,_Nikolaus_Johnsen.jpg">Picture from Commons (used on German Wikipedia in the article ''Columbus (1924)'' and ''Europa (1928)'')</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Deutsche Post AG: Geschichten um das Blaue Band: Rekorde, Legenden, Katastrophen </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luxurylinerrow.com/ndl.html">Luxury Liner Row: Norddeutscher Lloyd</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch1985" class="citation book cs1">Koch, Eric (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MCGblmhyKPYC&q=Oskar+Scharf&pg=PA58">Deemed Suspect: A Wartime Blunder</a>. Formac Publishing Company. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88780-138-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-88780-138-2"><bdi>0-88780-138-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2010-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deemed+Suspect%3A+A+Wartime+Blunder&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Formac+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-88780-138-2&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMCGblmhyKPYC%26q%3DOskar%2BScharf%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herbert-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herbert_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herbert_76-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Schwarzw%C3%A4lder" title="Herbert Schwarzwälder">Herbert Schwarzwälder</a>: Das Große Bremen-Lexikon. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edition_Temmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edition Temmen (page does not exist)">Edition Temmen</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edition_Temmen" class="extiw" title="de:Edition Temmen">de</a>], 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-86108-693-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-86108-693-X">3-86108-693-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13486,_Heinrich_F._Albert.jpg">Picture from Commons (the description itself tells about NDL)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalaDoerries1999" class="citation book cs1">Wala, Michael; Doerries, Reinhard R (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=foUJ_WotOYwC&q=Heinrich+Albert+lloyd&pg=PA151">Gesellschaft und Diplomatie im transatlantischen Kontext: Festschrift für Reinhard R. Doerries zum 65. Geburtstag</a>. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-515-07529-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-515-07529-1"><bdi>3-515-07529-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2010-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gesellschaft+und+Diplomatie+im+transatlantischen+Kontext%3A+Festschrift+f%C3%BCr+Reinhard+R.+Doerries+zum+65.+Geburtstag&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-515-07529-1&rft.aulast=Wala&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Doerries%2C+Reinhard+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfoUJ_WotOYwC%26q%3DHeinrich%2BAlbert%2Blloyd%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Reinhold Thiel: Die Geschichte des Norddeutschen Lloyd 1857–1970, Volume 5, 1945–1970. Bremen, 2006. p. 123 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Harald Focke: Im Liniendienst auf dem Atlantik. Neue Erinnerungen an die Passagierschiffe BERLIN, BREMEN und EUROPA des Norddeutschen Lloyd. Hauschild Verlag, Bremen, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-339-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-339-0">978-3-89757-339-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Focke, Harald: Bremens letzte Liner. Die großen Passagierschiffe des Norddeutschen Lloyd nach 1945. Hauschild Verlag, Bremen 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89757-148-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-89757-148-X">3-89757-148-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lloyds1-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Lloyds1_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140318235821/http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=30b1021.pdf">"Lloyd's Register"</a> (PDF). London. 1930. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=30b1021.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014 – via Southampton City Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lloyd%27s+Register&rft.place=London&rft.date=1930&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plimsollshipdata.org%2Fpdffile.php%3Fname%3D30b1021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_6hAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA425">"Extracts From the Log of the Dresden With Comments"</a>. The Naval Review, Volume 3. 1915.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extracts+From+the+Log+of+the+Dresden+With+Comments&rft.pub=The+Naval+Review%2C+Volume+3&rft.date=1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_6hAAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaval_History_And_Heritage_Command" class="citation web cs1">Naval History And Heritage Command. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/callao-ii.html">"Callao (No. 4036) ii"</a>. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History And Heritage Command. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+American+Naval+Fighting+Ships&rft.atitle=Callao+%28No.+4036%29+ii&rft.au=Naval+History+And+Heritage+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fresearch%2Fhistories%2Fship-histories%2Fdanfs%2Fc%2Fcallao-ii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUSSB1921" class="citation web cs1">USSB (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VOg_AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PR55">"Invites Offers on S.S. Callao (ex-Sierra Cardoba"</a>. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invites+Offers+on+S.S.+Callao+%28ex-Sierra+Cardoba&rft.date=1921&rft.au=USSB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVOg_AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PR55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyds" class="citation web cs1">Lloyds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150225182530/http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=32b0774.pdf">"Lloyd's Register 1932–33"</a> (PDF). Lloyd's Register (through PlimsollShipData). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=32b0774.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lloyd%27s+Register+1932%E2%80%9333&rft.pub=Lloyd%27s+Register+%28through+PlimsollShipData%29&rft.au=Lloyds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plimsollshipdata.org%2Fpdffile.php%3Fname%3D32b0774.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/948.html">"Wangi Wangi"</a>. uboat.net. Retrieved 4 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wangi+Wangi&rft.pub=uboat.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fallies%2Fmerchants%2Fship%2F948.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162757227">"25 years ago"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Cargo_News" title="Daily Cargo News">Daily Commercial News And Shipping List</a>. No. 16, 790. Sydney, NSW. 11 November 1942. p. 2. Retrieved 26 August 2019 – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Commercial+News+And+Shipping+List&rft.atitle=25+years+ago&rft.issue=16%2C+790&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1942-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article162757227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article112533603">"When his ship goes down"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Port_Macquarie_News_and_Hastings_River_Advocate" title="The Port Macquarie News and Hastings River Advocate">The Port Macquarie News and Hastings River Advocate</a>. Port Macquarie, NSW. 26 June 1926. p. 8. Retrieved 26 August 2019 – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Port+Macquarie+News+and+Hastings+River+Advocate&rft.atitle=When+his+ship+goes+down.&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1926-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article112533603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorddeutscher+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Buchholz, Jörn/Focke, Harald: Auf Lloyd-Frachtern. Erinnerungen 1957 bis 1964. Hauschild, Bremen, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-374-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-374-1">978-3-89757-374-1</a></li> <li>Focke, Harald: Bremens letzte Liner. Die großen Passagierschiffe des Norddeutschen Lloyd nach 1945. Hauschild, Bremen, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89757-148-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-89757-148-X">3-89757-148-X</a></li> <li>Focke, Harald: Mit dem Lloyd nach New York. Erinnerungen an die Passagierschiffe BERLIN, BREMEN und EUROPA. Hauschild, Bremen, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89757-251-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-89757-251-6">3-89757-251-6</a></li> <li>Focke, Harald: Im Liniendienst auf dem Atlantik. Neue Erinnerungen an die Passagierschiffe BERLIN, BREMEN und EUROPA des Norddeutschen Lloyd. Hauschild, Bremen, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-339-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-339-0">978-3-89757-339-0</a></li> <li>Kludas, Arnold: Die Seeschiffe des Norddeutschen Lloyd: 1857–1970 (2 vols). Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Herford, 1991 / 1992</li> <li>Reinke-Kunze, Christiane: Die Geschichte der Reichs-Post-Dampfer-Verbindung zwischen den Kontinenten 1886-11914, Herford 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7822-0618-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-7822-0618-5">3-7822-0618-5</a>.</li> <li>Wiborg, Susanne, und Klaus Wiborg: 1847–1997, Mein Feld ist die Welt – 150 Jahre Hapag-Lloyd, Hapag-Lloyd AG, Hamburg 1997.</li> <li>Rübner, Hartmut: Konzentration und Krise der deutschen Schiffahrt. Maritime Wirtschaft im Kaiserreich, in der Weimarer Republik und im Nationalsozialismus. Hauschild, Bremen 2005</li> <li>Thiel, Reinhold: Die Geschichte des Norddeutschen Lloyd: 1857–1970 (5 vols). Hauschild, Bremen 2001</li> <li>Witthöft, Hans Jürgen: Norddeutscher Lloyd. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Herford, 1973, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7822-0088-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-7822-0088-8">3-7822-0088-8</a></li> <li>Dirk J. Peters (Hrsg.): Der Norddeutsche Lloyd – Von Bremen in die Welt – „Global Player“ der Schifffahrtsgeschichte. Hauschild, Bremen, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-360-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89757-360-4">978-3-89757-360-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norddeutscher_Lloyd&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Norddeutscher_Lloyd" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Norddeutscher Lloyd">Norddeutscher Lloyd</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schiffe-maxim.de/NDL.htm">Fleet information</a> (in German)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norwayheritage.com/gallery/gallery.asp?categoryid=33">Gallery of NDL's fleets at Norway-Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/Passengers/NorthGermanLloyd/index.html">Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen Passenger Lists 1881-1938</a> GG Archives</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/NDL.html">Postcards of NDL</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806120950/http://steamshipdresden1888.com/">SS Dresden</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lastoceanliners.com/cgi/lolline.pl?NGL">The Last Ocean Liners – North German Lloyd</a> – trade routes and ships of North German Lloyd in the 1950s and 60s</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/co/045224">Documents and clippings about Norddeutscher Lloyd</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/SteamshipLines/NorthGermanLloyd.html">North German Lloyd History and Ephemera</a> GG Archives <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/SteamshipLines/NorthGermanLloyd01.html">1881-1927</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/SteamshipLines/NorthGermanLloyd02.html">1928-1935</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/SteamshipLines/NorthGermanLloyd03.html">1936-1995</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/ImmigrantShips/Hohenzollern.html">GG Archives: SS Hohenzollern Brief History and Steerage Passenger List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/ImmigrantShips/Neckar.html">GG Archives: SS Neckar (1901) Brief History, Sailing Schedules, Menus, Photographs.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/ImmigrantShips/Werra.html">GG Archives: SS Werra Archival Collection Includes Passenger Lists, Brochures, Passage Contracts, Menus, etc.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norddeutscher_Lloyd_ships" title="Template:Norddeutscher Lloyd ships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norddeutscher_Lloyd_ships" title="Template talk:Norddeutscher Lloyd ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norddeutscher_Lloyd_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norddeutscher Lloyd ships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ships_of_Norddeutscher_Lloyd" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ships of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norddeutscher Lloyd</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Deutschland_(1866)" title="SS Deutschland (1866)">Deutschland (1866)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Weser_(1867)" title="SS Weser (1867)">Weser (1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Donau_(1868)" title="SS Donau (1868)">Donau (1868)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Elbe_(1881)" title="SS Elbe (1881)">Elbe (1881)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Saale" title="SS Saale">Saale (1886)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_merchant_cruiser_Ural" title="Russian merchant cruiser Ural">Spree (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Mercury_(ID-3012)" title="USS Mercury (ID-3012)">Barbarossa (1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Huron_(ID-1408)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Huron (ID-1408)">Friedrich der Große (1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_K%C3%B6nigin_Luise_(1896)" title="SS Königin Luise (1896)">Königin Luise (1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Bremen_(1896)" title="SS Bremen (1896)">Bremen (1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse">Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Burdigala_(1897)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Burdigala (1897)">Kaiser Friedrich (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Aeolus_(ID-3005)" title="USS Aeolus (ID-3005)">Großer Kurfürst (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_K%C3%B6nig_Albert" title="SS König Albert">König Albert</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Princess_Matoika_(ID-2290)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Princess Matoika (ID-2290)">Princess Alice (1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pocahontas_(ID-3044)" title="USS Pocahontas (ID-3044)">Prinzess Irene (1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Kronprinz_Wilhelm" title="SS Kronprinz Wilhelm">Kronprinz Wilhelm</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm II">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Scharnhorst_(1904)" title="SS Scharnhorst (1904)">Scharnhorst (1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_DeKalb_(ID-3010)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS DeKalb (ID-3010)">Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Nyassa" title="SS Nyassa">Bülow (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_(1906)" title="SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie (1906)">Kronprinzessin Cecilie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Orcades_(1921)" title="SS Orcades (1921)">Prinz Ludwig (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Prinz_Friedrich_Wilhelm" title="SS Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm">Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Arabic_(1920)" title="SS Arabic (1920)">Berlin (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_George_Washington" title="SS George Washington">George Washington</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Zeppelin" title="USS Zeppelin">Zeppelin (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_General_von_Steuben" title="SS General von Steuben">München (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Columbus_(1922)" title="SS Columbus (1922)">Columbus (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Admiral_Nakhimov" title="SS Admiral Nakhimov">Berlin III (1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Europa_(1928)" title="SS Europa (1928)">Europa (1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Bremen_(1928)" title="SS Bremen (1928)">Bremen (1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Neptuna" title="MV Neptuna">Neptun (1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Scharnhorst_(1934)" title="SS Scharnhorst (1934)">Scharnhorst (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Gneisenau_(1935)" title="SS Gneisenau (1935)">Gneisenau (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Fowey" title="SS Empire Fowey">Potsdam (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Kungsholm_(1952)" title="MS Kungsholm (1952)">Europa (1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Gripsholm_(1925)" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Gripsholm (1925)">Berlin (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Pasteur_(1938)" title="SS Pasteur (1938)">Bremen (1957)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cargo liners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Freedom_(ID-3024)" title="USS Freedom (ID-3024)">Wittekind (1894)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Willehad" title="SS Willehad">Willehad</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cuba_(1920)" title="SS Cuba (1920)">Coblenz (1897)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Amphion_(ID-1888)" title="USS Amphion (ID-1888)">Köln (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Main_(1900)" title="SS Main (1900)">Main (1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Bridgeport_(AD-10)" title="USS Bridgeport (AD-10)">Breslau (1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Susquehanna_(ID-3016)" title="USS Susquehanna (ID-3016)">Rhein (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Antigone_(ID-3007)" title="USS Antigone (ID-3007)">Neckar (1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Endurance" title="SS Empire Endurance">Alster (1928)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cargo ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Wabash_(ID-1824)" title="USS Wabash (ID-1824)">Tübingen</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzogin_Cecilie" title="Herzogin Cecilie">Herzogin Cecilie</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Gulfport_(AK-5)" title="USS Gulfport (AK-5)">Locksun (1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAT_Bulla" title="HMAT Bulla">Hessen (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Westfalen_(1905)" title="SS Westfalen (1905)">Westfalen (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_104_Falke" title="German trawler V 104 Falke">Falke (1909)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Rappahannock_(AF-6)" title="USS Rappahannock (AF-6)">Pommern (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Suwanee_(ID-1320)" title="USS Suwanee (ID-1320)">Mark (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Pfalz_(1913)" title="SS Pfalz (1913)">Pfalz (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Jean_Marie_(1922)" title="SS Jean Marie (1922)">Taube (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Alk" title="SS Alk">Alk</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ganter" title="SS Ganter">Ganter</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Donau_(1929)" title="SS Donau (1929)">Donau (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Stettin_(1923)" title="SS Stettin (1923)">Akka (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Komet" title="German auxiliary cruiser Komet">Ems (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Audacity" title="HMS Audacity">Hannover (1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Gotenland" title="MS Gotenland">Gotenland</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Fortune" title="SS Fortune">Weserstrom (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Volochaevsk" title="SS Volochaevsk">Weserwald (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Anglia_(1944)" title="SS Anglia (1944)">Weserberg (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Podolsk" title="SS Podolsk">Weserstrand (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Eleni_(1947)" title="SS Eleni (1947)">Greifswald (1945)</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1. Ordered by Norddeutscher Lloyd, captured incomplete by Allied forces in 1945.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652374#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652374#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652374#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000119407079">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141584030">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2020453-X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81004452">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=hka2016909756&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=244471">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007594504705171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517571906706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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