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href="#Diatomic_halogen_molecules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1.1 Diatomic halogen molecules </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diatomic_halogen_molecules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Compounds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hydrogen_halides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrogen_halides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2.1 Hydrogen halides </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrogen_halides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal_halides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_halides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2.2 Metal halides </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_halides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interhalogen_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interhalogen_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2.3 Interhalogen compounds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interhalogen_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organohalogen_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organohalogen_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2.4 Organohalogen compounds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organohalogen_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polyhalogenated_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polyhalogenated_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2.5 Polyhalogenated compounds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polyhalogenated_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reactions_with_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_with_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3.1 Reactions with water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_with_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_and_atomic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_and_atomic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Physical and atomic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_and_atomic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Isotopes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Applications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Applications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disinfectants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disinfectants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Disinfectants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disinfectants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Lighting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Drug components </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biological_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biological_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Biological role </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biological_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Toxicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superhalogen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superhalogen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Superhalogen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superhalogen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Halogen</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" > 111 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Halogeen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هالوجين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هالوجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halocheno" title="Halocheno – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Halocheno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%B3xenu" title="Halóxenu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Halóxenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenl%C9%99r" title="Halogenlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Halogenlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="هالوژن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هالوژن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%A9n" title="Halogén – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Halogén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="হ্যালোজেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যালোজেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3%CD%98-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Ló͘-sò͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ló͘-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Галогендар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Галогендар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Галагены – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галагены" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Галягены – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Галягены" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халоген – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Халоген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BE%AD%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཚྭ་རྒྱུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚྭ་རྒྱུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Halogeni elementi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Галоген – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Галоген" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeny" title="Halogeny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Halogeny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogener" title="Halogener – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Halogener" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogene" title="Halogene – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halogene" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeenid" title="Halogeenid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Halogeenid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Αλογόνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλογόνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Галогентне – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Галогентне" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%B3genos" title="Halógenos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Halógenos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Halogeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Halogeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="هالوژن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هالوژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Halogène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaigin" title="Halaigin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Halaigin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallageen" title="Hallageen – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hallageen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%B3xeno" title="Halóxeno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Halóxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="鹵素 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鹵素" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8" title="હેલોજન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હેલોજન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BB-su" title="Lû-su – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lû-su" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%A0" title="할로젠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="할로젠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogens" title="Halogens – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Halogens" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հալոգեններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հալոգեններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हैलोजन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैलोजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Halogeni elementi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenos" title="Halogenos – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Halogenos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isakhatshiwo" title="Isakhatshiwo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isakhatshiwo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%B3gen" title="Halógen – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Halógen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alogeni" title="Alogeni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alogeni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9F" title="הלוגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלוגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰალოგენები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰალოგენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Галогендер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Галогендер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni" title="Halogeni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Halogeni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloj%C3%A8n" title="Alojèn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alojèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Галогендер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Галогендер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenia" title="Halogenia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Halogenia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C4%93ni" title="Halogēni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Halogēni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenai" title="Halogenai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Halogenai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Halogeen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/klirylei" title="klirylei – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="klirylei" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alojen" title="Alojen – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alojen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%A9nek" title="Halogének – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halogének" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халоген – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Халоген" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹാലൊജനുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാലൊജനുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%AB-s%C3%B3" title="Lū-só – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lū-só" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Галоген – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Галоген" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဟေလိုဂျင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟေလိုဂျင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Halogeen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ह्यालोजेन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ह्यालोजेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC17%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第17族元素 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第17族元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Halogeen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alog%C3%A8n" title="Alogèn – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alogèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹੈਲੋਜਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਲੋਜਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہالوجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہالوجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorowce" title="Fluorowce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fluorowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%AAnio" title="Halogênio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Halogênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachichaq" title="Kachichaq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kachichaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Галогены – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Галогены" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupi_i_shtat%C3%ABmb%C3%ABdhjet%C3%AB_i_elementeve_kimike" title="Grupi i shtatëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupi i shtatëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1" title="හැලජන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හැලජන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%A9n" title="Halogén – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Halogén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ھالۆجین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھالۆجین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халоген – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Халоген" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Halogeni elementi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeeni" title="Halogeeni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Halogeeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alohino" title="Alohino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alohino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆலசன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆலசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Галогеннар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Галогеннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హేలోజన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హేలోజన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฮโลเจน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Ҳолуженҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳолуженҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halojen" title="Halojen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halojen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Галогени – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Галогени" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہیلوجن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیلوجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="鹵素 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鹵素" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of chemical elements</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the chemical series. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Halogen_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Halogen (disambiguation)">Halogen (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #a9a9a9; background:#f8f8f8; padding:2px; width:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;">Halogens </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:1em; margin-top:1px; background:transparent; border:1px solid #a9a9a9;"><div style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Scandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="nowrap" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">chalcogens</a> ←    → <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gases</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:left; margin=0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">IUPAC group number</a></th> <th>17 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Name by element</td> <td>fluorine group </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trivial name</td> <td>halogens </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)#CAS_and_old_IUPAC" title="Group (periodic table)">CAS group number</a> (US, pattern A-B-A)</div></td> <td>VIIA </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)#CAS_and_old_IUPAC" title="Group (periodic table)">old IUPAC number</a> (Europe, pattern A-B)</div></td> <td>VIIB </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">↓ <a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liquid fluorine at cryogenic temperatures"><img alt="Image: Liquid fluorine at cryogenic temperatures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg/210px-Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg/315px-Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="305" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> (F) 9 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halogen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Chlorine_ampoule.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorine gas"><img alt="Image: Chlorine gas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Chlorine_ampoule.jpg/210px-Chlorine_ampoule.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Chlorine_ampoule.jpg/315px-Chlorine_ampoule.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Chlorine_ampoule.jpg/420px-Chlorine_ampoule.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="240" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a> (Cl) 17 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halogen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Bromine_25ml.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liquid bromine"><img alt="Image: Liquid bromine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bromine_25ml.jpg/210px-Bromine_25ml.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bromine_25ml.jpg/315px-Bromine_25ml.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bromine_25ml.jpg/420px-Bromine_25ml.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1088" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a> (Br) 35 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halogen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Iod_kristall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iodine crystal"><img alt="Image: Iodine crystal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Iod_kristall.jpg/210px-Iod_kristall.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Iod_kristall.jpg/315px-Iod_kristall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Iod_kristall.jpg/420px-Iod_kristall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="249" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> (I) 53 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halogen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px dashed #6e6e8e; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> (At) 85 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halogen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px dotted #6e6e8e; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> (Ts) 117 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halogen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /> Legend <table style="text-align:center; border:0;margin: 0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 2px solid #6e6e8e; background:#f0f0f0; padding:0 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Primordial_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Primordial element">primordial element</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 2px dashed #6e6e8e; background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/wiki/Trace_radioisotope" title="Trace radioisotope">element from decay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:2px dotted #6e6e8e; background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_element" title="Synthetic element">Synthetic</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> The halogens (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈhælədʒən, ˈheɪ-, -loʊ-, -ˌdʒɛn/</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>) are a <a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">group</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a> consisting of six chemically related <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">elements</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> (F), <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> (Cl), <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a> (Br), <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> (I), and the <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> elements <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">astatine</a> (At) and <a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">tennessine</a> (Ts), though some authors<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> would exclude tennessine as its chemistry is unknown and is theoretically expected to be more like that of <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a>. In the modern <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> nomenclature, this group is known as group 17.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> The word "halogen" means "salt former" or "salt maker". When halogens react with <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metals</a>, they produce a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Calcium_fluoride" title="Calcium fluoride">calcium fluoride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> (common table salt), <a href="/wiki/Silver_bromide" title="Silver bromide">silver bromide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">potassium iodide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The group of halogens is the only <a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">periodic table group</a> that contains elements in three of the main <a href="/wiki/State_of_matter" title="State of matter">states of matter</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">standard temperature and pressure</a>, though not far above room temperature the same becomes true of groups <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali metals">1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a>, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state.<a href="#cite_note-7">[n 1]</a> All of the halogens form acids when bonded to hydrogen. Most halogens are typically produced from <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a> or <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a>. The middle halogens—chlorine, bromine, and iodine—are often used as <a href="/wiki/Disinfectant" title="Disinfectant">disinfectants</a>. Organobromides are the most important class of <a href="/wiki/Flame_retardant" title="Flame retardant">flame retardants</a>, while elemental halogens are dangerous and can be toxic. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The fluorine mineral <a href="/wiki/Fluorospar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorospar">fluorospar</a> was known as early as 1529. Early chemists realized that fluorine compounds contain an undiscovered element, but were unable to isolate it. In 1860, <a href="/wiki/George_Gore_(chemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gore (chemist)">George Gore</a>, an English chemist, ran a current of electricity through <a href="/wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid" title="Hydrofluoric acid">hydrofluoric acid</a> and probably produced fluorine, but he was unable to prove his results at the time.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1886, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a>, a chemist in Paris, performed <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a> on <a href="/wiki/Potassium_bifluoride" title="Potassium bifluoride">potassium bifluoride</a> dissolved in anhydrous <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a>, and successfully isolated fluorine.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">Hydrochloric acid</a> was known to <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemists</a> and early chemists. However, elemental chlorine was not produced until 1774, when <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a> heated hydrochloric acid with <a href="/wiki/Manganese_dioxide" title="Manganese dioxide">manganese dioxide</a>. Scheele called the element "dephlogisticated muriatic acid", which is how chlorine was known for 33 years. In 1807, <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> investigated chlorine and discovered that it is an actual element. Chlorine gas was used as a <a href="/wiki/Poisonous_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisonous gas">poisonous gas</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. It displaced oxygen in contaminated areas and replaced common oxygenated air with the toxic chlorine gas. The gas would burn human tissue externally and internally, especially the lungs, making breathing difficult or impossible depending on the level of contamination.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Bromine was discovered in the 1820s by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Balard" title="Antoine Jérôme Balard">Antoine Jérôme Balard</a>. Balard discovered bromine by passing chlorine gas through a sample of <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a>. He originally proposed the name muride for the new element, but the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="French Academy">French Academy</a> changed the element's name to bromine.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Iodine was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Courtois" title="Bernard Courtois">Bernard Courtois</a>, who was using <a href="/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweed</a> ash as part of a process for <a href="/wiki/Saltpeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltpeter">saltpeter</a> manufacture. Courtois typically boiled the seaweed ash with water to generate <a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">potassium chloride</a>. However, in 1811, Courtois added sulfuric acid to his process and found that his process produced purple fumes that condensed into black crystals. Suspecting that these crystals were a new element, Courtois sent samples to other chemists for investigation. Iodine was proven to be a new element by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gay-Lussac" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Gay-Lussac">Joseph Gay-Lussac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> In 1931, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Allison" title="Fred Allison">Fred Allison</a> claimed to have discovered element 85 with a <a href="/wiki/Magneto-optic_effect" title="Magneto-optic effect">magneto-optical machine</a>, and named the element Alabamine, but was mistaken. In 1937, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajendralal_De&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajendralal De (page does not exist)">Rajendralal De</a> claimed to have discovered element 85 in minerals, and called the element dakine, but he was also mistaken. An attempt at discovering element 85 in 1939 by <a href="/wiki/Horia_Hulubei" title="Horia Hulubei">Horia Hulubei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cauchois" title="Yvette Cauchois">Yvette Cauchois</a> via <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a> was also unsuccessful, as was an attempt in the same year by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Minder" title="Walter Minder">Walter Minder</a>, who discovered an iodine-like element resulting from <a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">beta decay</a> of <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium</a>. Element 85, now named astatine, was produced successfully in 1940 by <a href="/wiki/Dale_R._Corson" title="Dale R. Corson">Dale R. Corson</a>, <a href="/wiki/K.R._Mackenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="K.R. Mackenzie">K.R. Mackenzie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio G. Segrè">Emilio G. Segrè</a>, who bombarded <a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a> with <a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle" title="Alpha particle">alpha particles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> In 2010, a team led by nuclear physicist <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Oganessian" title="Yuri Oganessian">Yuri Oganessian</a> involving scientists from the <a href="/wiki/JINR" class="mw-redirect" title="JINR">JINR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> successfully bombarded berkelium-249 atoms with calcium-48 atoms to make tennessine.<a href="#cite_note-117s-9">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> In 1811, the German chemist <a href="/wiki/Johann_Schweigger" title="Johann Schweigger">Johann Schweigger</a> proposed that the name "halogen" – meaning "salt producer", from αλς [hals] "salt" and γενειν [genein] "to beget" – replace the name "chlorine", which had been proposed by the English chemist <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Davy's name for the element prevailed.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> However, in 1826, the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> Baron <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> proposed the term "halogen" for the elements fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, which produce a <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">sea-salt</a>-like substance when they form a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compound</a> with an alkaline metal.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The English names of these elements all have the ending <a href="/wiki/-ine" title="-ine">-ine</a>. Fluorine's name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word fluere, meaning "to flow", because it was derived from the mineral <a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">fluorite</a>, which was used as a <a href="/wiki/Flux_(metallurgy)" title="Flux (metallurgy)">flux</a> in metalworking. Chlorine's name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word chloros, meaning "greenish-yellow". Bromine's name comes from the Greek word bromos, meaning "stench". Iodine's name comes from the Greek word iodes, meaning "violet". Astatine's name comes from the Greek word astatos, meaning "unstable".<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Tennessine is named after the US state of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, where it was synthesized. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical">Chemical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chemical">edit</a>]</div> The halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are <a href="/wiki/Nonmetal_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonmetal (chemistry)">nonmetals</a>; the chemical properties of the two heaviest group 17 members have not been conclusively investigated. The halogens show trends in chemical bond energy moving from top to bottom of the periodic table column with fluorine deviating slightly. It follows a trend in having the highest bond energy in compounds with other atoms, but it has very weak bonds within the diatomic F2 molecule. This means that further down group 17 in the periodic table, the reactivity of elements decreases because of the increasing size of the atoms.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-top:0; margin-left:1em; text-align:center; font-size:10pt; line-height:11pt; width:25%;"> <caption style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Halogen bond energies (kJ/mol)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenwoodEarnshaw1997804-15">[14]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>X </th> <th>X2 </th> <th>HX </th> <th>BX3 </th> <th>AlX3 </th> <th>CX4 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#ff9;">F </th> <td style="background:#ff9;">159 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">574 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">645 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">582 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">456 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Cl </th> <td>243 </td> <td>428 </td> <td>444 </td> <td>427 </td> <td>327 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Br </th> <td>193 </td> <td>363 </td> <td>368 </td> <td>360 </td> <td>272 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">I </th> <td>151 </td> <td>294 </td> <td>272 </td> <td>285 </td> <td>239 </td></tr></tbody></table> Halogens are highly <a href="/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)" title="Reactivity (chemistry)">reactive</a>, and as such can be harmful or lethal to <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">biological organisms</a> in sufficient quantities. This high reactivity is due to the high <a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">electronegativity</a> of the atoms due to their high <a href="/wiki/Effective_nuclear_charge" title="Effective nuclear charge">effective nuclear charge</a>. Because the halogens have seven valence electrons in their outermost energy level, they can gain an electron by reacting with atoms of other elements to satisfy the <a href="/wiki/Octet_rule" title="Octet rule">octet rule</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> is the most reactive of all elements; it is the only element more electronegative than oxygen, it attacks otherwise-inert materials such as glass, and it forms compounds with the usually inert <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gases</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Corrosive_substance" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrosive substance">corrosive</a> and highly toxic gas. The reactivity of fluorine is such that, if used or stored in laboratory glassware, it can react with glass in the presence of small amounts of water to form <a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetrafluoride" title="Silicon tetrafluoride">silicon tetrafluoride</a> (SiF4). Thus, fluorine must be handled with substances such as <a href="/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene" title="Polytetrafluoroethylene">Teflon</a> (which is itself an <a href="/wiki/Organofluorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Organofluorine">organofluorine</a> compound), extremely dry glass, or metals such as copper or steel, which form a protective layer of fluoride on their surface. The high reactivity of fluorine allows some of the strongest bonds possible, especially to carbon. For example, Teflon is fluorine bonded with carbon and is extremely resistant to thermal and chemical attacks and has a high melting point. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Molecules">Molecules</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Molecules">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Diatomic_halogen_molecules">Diatomic halogen molecules</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diatomic halogen molecules">edit</a>]</div> The stable halogens form <a href="/wiki/Homonuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Homonuclear">homonuclear</a> <a href="/wiki/Diatomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomic">diatomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Molecules" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecules">molecules</a>. Due to relatively weak intermolecular forces, chlorine and fluorine form part of the group known as "elemental gases". <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>halogen</th> <th>molecule</th> <th>structure</th> <th>model</th> <th>d(X−X) / pm (gas phase)</th> <th>d(X−X) / pm (solid phase) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a></td> <td>F2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Difluorine-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Difluorine-2D-dimensions.png/45px-Difluorine-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Difluorine-2D-dimensions.png/68px-Difluorine-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Difluorine-2D-dimensions.png/90px-Difluorine-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="534" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Fluorine-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fluorine-3D-vdW.png/45px-Fluorine-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fluorine-3D-vdW.png/68px-Fluorine-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fluorine-3D-vdW.png/90px-Fluorine-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="862" /></a></td> <td>143</td> <td>149 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a></td> <td>Cl2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Dichlorine-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dichlorine-2D-dimensions.png/70px-Dichlorine-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dichlorine-2D-dimensions.png/105px-Dichlorine-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dichlorine-2D-dimensions.png/140px-Dichlorine-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="560" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Chlorine-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chlorine-3D-vdW.png/63px-Chlorine-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chlorine-3D-vdW.png/95px-Chlorine-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chlorine-3D-vdW.png/126px-Chlorine-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="756" /></a></td> <td>199</td> <td>198 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a></td> <td>Br2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png/80px-Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png/120px-Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png/160px-Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="557" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bromine-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromine-3D-vdW.png/72px-Bromine-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromine-3D-vdW.png/108px-Bromine-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromine-3D-vdW.png/144px-Bromine-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="790" /></a></td> <td>228</td> <td>227 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a></td> <td>I2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Diiodine-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Diiodine-2D-dimensions.png/70px-Diiodine-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Diiodine-2D-dimensions.png/105px-Diiodine-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Diiodine-2D-dimensions.png/140px-Diiodine-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="533" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Iodine-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Iodine-3D-vdW.png/84px-Iodine-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="84" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Iodine-3D-vdW.png/126px-Iodine-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Iodine-3D-vdW.png/168px-Iodine-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="771" /></a></td> <td>266</td> <td>272 </td></tr></tbody></table> The elements become less reactive and have higher melting points as the atomic number increases. The higher melting points are caused by stronger <a href="/wiki/London_dispersion_force" title="London dispersion force">London dispersion forces</a> resulting from more electrons. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compounds">Compounds</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Compounds">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hydrogen_halides">Hydrogen halides</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hydrogen halides">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_halides" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen halides">Hydrogen halides</a></div> All of the halogens have been observed to react with hydrogen to form <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_halide" title="Hydrogen halide">hydrogen halides</a>. For fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, this reaction is in the form of: <dl><dd>H2 + X2 → 2HX</dd></dl> However, hydrogen iodide and hydrogen astatide can split back into their constituent elements.<a href="#cite_note-assorted-16">[15]</a> The hydrogen-halogen reactions get gradually less reactive toward the heavier halogens. A fluorine-hydrogen reaction is explosive even when it is dark and cold. A chlorine-hydrogen reaction is also explosive, but only in the presence of light and heat. A bromine-hydrogen reaction is even less explosive; it is explosive only when exposed to flames. Iodine and astatine only partially react with hydrogen, forming <a href="/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium" title="Chemical equilibrium">equilibria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-assorted-16">[15]</a> All halogens form binary compounds with hydrogen known as the hydrogen halides: <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a> (HF), <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">hydrogen chloride</a> (HCl), <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bromide" title="Hydrogen bromide">hydrogen bromide</a> (HBr), <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide" title="Hydrogen iodide">hydrogen iodide</a> (HI), and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_astatide" title="Hydrogen astatide">hydrogen astatide</a> (HAt). All of these compounds form acids when mixed with water. Hydrogen fluoride is the only hydrogen halide that forms <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bond" title="Hydrogen bond">hydrogen bonds</a>. Hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, and hydroastatic acid are all <a href="/wiki/Strong_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong acid">strong acids</a>, but hydrofluoric acid is a <a href="/wiki/Weak_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Weak acid">weak acid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> All of the hydrogen halides are <a href="/wiki/Irritation" title="Irritation">irritants</a>. Hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride are highly <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acidic</a>. Hydrogen fluoride is used as an <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">indu</a><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">strial</a> chemical, and is highly toxic, causing <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">pulmonary edema</a> and damaging cells.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> Hydrogen chloride is also a dangerous chemical. Breathing in gas with more than fifty parts per million of hydrogen chloride can cause death in humans.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Hydrogen bromide is even more toxic and irritating than hydrogen chloride. Breathing in gas with more than thirty parts per million of hydrogen bromide can be lethal to humans.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Hydrogen iodide, like other hydrogen halides, is toxic.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Metal_halides">Metal halides</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Metal halides">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metal_halides" title="Metal halides">Metal halides</a></div> All the halogens are known to react with sodium to form <a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluoride" title="Sodium fluoride">sodium fluoride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bromide" title="Sodium bromide">sodium bromide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">sodium iodide</a>, and sodium astatide. Heated sodium's reaction with halogens produces bright-orange flames. Sodium's reaction with chlorine is in the form of: <dl><dd>2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl<a href="#cite_note-assorted-16">[15]</a></dd></dl> Iron reacts with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine to form iron(III) halides. These reactions are in the form of: <dl><dd>2Fe + 3X2 → 2FeX3<a href="#cite_note-assorted-16">[15]</a></dd></dl> However, when iron reacts with iodine, it forms only <a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_iodide" title="Iron(II) iodide">iron(II) iodide</a>. <dl><dd>Fe + I2 → FeI2</dd></dl> Iron wool can react rapidly with fluorine to form the white compound <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_fluoride" title="Iron(III) fluoride">iron(III) fluoride</a> even in cold temperatures. When chlorine comes into contact with a heated iron, they react to form the black <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_chloride" title="Iron(III) chloride">iron(III) chloride</a>. However, if the reaction conditions are moist, this reaction will instead result in a reddish-brown product. Iron can also react with bromine to form <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_bromide" title="Iron(III) bromide">iron(III) bromide</a>. This compound is reddish-brown in dry conditions. Iron's reaction with bromine is less reactive than its reaction with fluorine or chlorine. A hot iron can also react with iodine, but it forms iron(II) iodide. This compound may be gray, but the reaction is always contaminated with excess iodine, so it is not known for sure. Iron's reaction with iodine is less vigorous than its reaction with the lighter halogens.<a href="#cite_note-assorted-16">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Interhalogen_compounds">Interhalogen compounds</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Interhalogen compounds">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Interhalogen" title="Interhalogen">Interhalogen</a></div> Interhalogen compounds are in the form of XYn where X and Y are halogens and n is one, three, five, or seven. Interhalogen compounds contain at most two different halogens. Large interhalogens, such as ClF3 can be produced by a reaction of a pure halogen with a smaller interhalogen such as ClF. All interhalogens except <a href="/wiki/Iodine_heptafluoride" title="Iodine heptafluoride">IF7</a> can be produced by directly combining pure halogens in various conditions.<a href="#cite_note-Chemistry_of_Interhalogens-22">[21]</a> Interhalogens are typically more reactive than all diatomic halogen molecules except F2 because interhalogen bonds are weaker. However, the chemical properties of interhalogens are still roughly the same as those of <a href="/wiki/Diatomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomic">diatomic</a> halogens. Many interhalogens consist of one or more atoms of fluorine bonding to a heavier halogen. Chlorine and bromine can bond with up to five fluorine atoms, and iodine can bond with up to seven fluorine atoms. Most interhalogen compounds are <a href="/wiki/Covalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Covalent">covalent</a> gases. However, some interhalogens are liquids, such as BrF3, and many iodine-containing interhalogens are solids.<a href="#cite_note-Chemistry_of_Interhalogens-22">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Organohalogen_compounds">Organohalogen compounds</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Organohalogen compounds">edit</a>]</div> Many synthetic <a href="/wiki/Organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic compounds">organic compounds</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a>, and a few natural ones, contain halogen atoms; these are known as halogenated compounds or <a href="/wiki/Organic_halide" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic halide">organic halides</a>. Chlorine is by far the most abundant of the halogens in seawater, and the only one needed in relatively large amounts (as chloride ions) by humans. For example, chloride ions play a key role in <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> function by mediating the action of the inhibitory transmitter <a href="/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</a> and are also used by the body to produce stomach acid. Iodine is needed in trace amounts for the production of <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> hormones such as <a href="/wiki/Thyroxine" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroxine">thyroxine</a>. Organohalogens are also synthesized through the <a href="/wiki/Nucleophilic_abstraction" title="Nucleophilic abstraction">nucleophilic abstraction</a> reaction.<a href="#cite_note-Naturally_Occurring_Organohalogen_Compounds-A_Comprehensive_Update-23">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Polyhalogenated_compounds">Polyhalogenated compounds</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Polyhalogenated compounds">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Polyhalogenated_compound" title="Polyhalogenated compound">Polyhalogenated compounds</a> are industrially created compounds substituted with multiple halogens. Many of them are very toxic and bioaccumulate in humans, and have a very wide application range. They include <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">PCBs</a>, <a href="/wiki/PBDE" class="mw-redirect" title="PBDE">PBDEs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perfluorinated_compound" title="Perfluorinated compound">perfluorinated compounds</a> (PFCs), as well as numerous other compounds. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reactions">Reactions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Reactions_with_water">Reactions with water</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Reactions with water">edit</a>]</div> Fluorine reacts vigorously with water to produce <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (O2) and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a> (HF):<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> <dl><dd>2 F2(g) + 2 H2O(l) → O2(g) + 4 HF(aq)</dd></dl> Chlorine has maximum solubility of ca. 7.1 g Cl2 per kg of water at ambient temperature (21 °C).<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Dissolved chlorine reacts to form <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a> (HCl) and <a href="/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid" title="Hypochlorous acid">hypochlorous acid</a>, a solution that can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Disinfectant" title="Disinfectant">disinfectant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bleach" title="Bleach">bleach</a>: <dl><dd>Cl2(g) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) + HClO(aq)</dd></dl> Bromine has a solubility of 3.41 g per 100 g of water,<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> but it slowly reacts to form <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bromide" title="Hydrogen bromide">hydrogen bromide</a> (HBr) and <a href="/wiki/Hypobromous_acid" title="Hypobromous acid">hypobromous acid</a> (HBrO): <dl><dd>Br2(g) + H2O(l) → HBr(aq) + HBrO(aq)</dd></dl> Iodine, however, is minimally soluble in water (0.03 g/100 g water at 20 °C) and does not react with it.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> However, iodine will form an aqueous solution in the presence of iodide ion, such as by addition of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">potassium iodide</a> (KI), because the <a href="/wiki/Triiodide" title="Triiodide">triiodide</a> ion is formed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_and_atomic">Physical and atomic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Physical and atomic">edit</a>]</div> The table below is a summary of the key physical and atomic properties of the halogens. Data marked with question marks are either uncertain or are estimations partially based on <a href="/wiki/Periodic_trends" title="Periodic trends">periodic trends</a> rather than observations. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Halogen </th> <th>Standard <a href="/wiki/Atomic_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic weight">atomic weight</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_atomic_mass_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified atomic mass unit">u</a>)<a href="#cite_note-29">[n 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-atomicweights2009-30">[28]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>)<a href="#cite_note-RubberBible84th-31">[29]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>)<a href="#cite_note-RubberBible84th-31">[29]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> (g/cm3at 25 °C) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pauling_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauling scale">Pauling</a>) </th> <th>First <a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">ionization energy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ·mol−1</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius">Covalent radius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Picometre" title="Picometre">pm</a>)<a href="#cite_note-slater64-32">[30]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a></td> <td>18.9984032(5)</td> <td>53.53</td> <td>−219.62</td> <td>85.03</td> <td>−188.12</td> <td>0.0017</td> <td>3.98</td> <td>1681.0</td> <td>71 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a></td> <td>[35.446; 35.457]<a href="#cite_note-33">[n 3]</a></td> <td>171.6</td> <td>−101.5</td> <td>239.11</td> <td>−34.04</td> <td>0.0032</td> <td>3.16</td> <td>1251.2</td> <td>99 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a></td> <td>79.904(1)</td> <td>265.8</td> <td>−7.3</td> <td>332.0</td> <td>58.8</td> <td>3.1028</td> <td>2.96</td> <td>1139.9</td> <td>114 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a></td> <td>126.90447(3)</td> <td>386.85</td> <td>113.7</td> <td>457.4</td> <td>184.3</td> <td>4.933</td> <td>2.66</td> <td>1008.4</td> <td>133 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a></td> <td>[210]<a href="#cite_note-unstable-34">[n 4]</a></td> <td>575</td> <td>302</td> <td>? 610</td> <td>? 337</td> <td>? 6.2–6.5<a href="#cite_note-Bonchev-35">[31]</a></td> <td>2.2</td> <td>899.0<a href="#cite_note-1IP-36">[32]</a></td> <td>? 145<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a></td> <td>[294]<a href="#cite_note-unstable-34">[n 4]</a></td> <td>? 623-823<a href="#cite_note-thoughtco.com-38">[34]</a></td> <td>? 350-550<a href="#cite_note-thoughtco.com-38">[34]</a></td> <td>? 883<a href="#cite_note-thoughtco.com-38">[34]</a></td> <td>? 610<a href="#cite_note-thoughtco.com-38">[34]</a></td> <td>? 7.1-7.3<a href="#cite_note-thoughtco.com-38">[34]</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>? 743<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a></td> <td>? 157<a href="#cite_note-thoughtco.com-38">[34]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">Z</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">Element</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Electron_shell" title="Electron shell">No. of electrons/shell</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>fluorine</td> <td>2, 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>chlorine</td> <td>2, 8, 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td>bromine</td> <td>2, 8, 18, 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>53</td> <td>iodine</td> <td>2, 8, 18, 18, 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td>astatine</td> <td>2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>117</td> <td>tennessine</td> <td>2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7 (predicted)<a href="#cite_note-Haire-40">[36]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pressure_halogens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pressure_halogens.png/366px-Pressure_halogens.png" decoding="async" width="366" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pressure_halogens.png/549px-Pressure_halogens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pressure_halogens.png/732px-Pressure_halogens.png 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>Boiling or sublimation temperature dependence for halogens at various pressures. The vertical bar indicates the melting point</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Sublimation or boiling point (oC) of halogens at various pressures<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Tmelt (оС) </td> <td>−100.7 </td> <td>−7.3 </td> <td>112.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>log(P[Pa]) </th> <th>mmHg </th> <th>Cl2 </th> <th>Br2 </th> <th>I2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>2.12490302 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>−118 </td> <td>−48.7 </td> <td>38.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.82387302 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>−106.7 </td> <td>−32.8 </td> <td>62.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.12490302 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>−101.6 </td> <td>−25 </td> <td>73.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.42593302 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>−93.3 </td> <td>−16.8 </td> <td>84.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.72696301 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>−84.5 </td> <td>−8 </td> <td>97.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.90305427 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>−79 </td> <td>−0.6 </td> <td>105.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.12490302 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>−71.7 </td> <td>9.3 </td> <td>116.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.42593302 </td> <td>200 </td> <td>−60.2 </td> <td>24.3 </td> <td>137.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.72696301 </td> <td>400 </td> <td>−47.3 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>159.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.00571661 </td> <td>760 </td> <td>−33.8 </td> <td>58.2 </td> <td>183 </td></tr> <tr> <th>log(P[Pa]) </th> <th>atm </th> <th>Cl2 </th> <th>Br2 </th> <th>I2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>5.00571661 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>−33.8 </td> <td>58.2 </td> <td>183 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.30674661 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>−16.9 </td> <td>78.8 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.70468662 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>10.3 </td> <td>110.3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.00571661 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>35.6 </td> <td>139.8 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.30674661 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>174 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.48283787 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>84.8 </td> <td>197 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.6077766 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>101.6 </td> <td>215 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.70468662 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>115.2 </td> <td>230 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.78386786 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>127.1 </td> <td>243.5 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Isotopes">edit</a>]</div> Fluorine has one stable and naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine" title="Isotopes of fluorine">isotope</a>, fluorine-19. However, there are trace amounts in nature of the radioactive isotope fluorine-23, which occurs via <a href="/wiki/Cluster_decay" title="Cluster decay">cluster decay</a> of <a href="/wiki/Protactinium-231" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium-231">protactinium-231</a>. A total of eighteen isotopes of fluorine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 13 to 31. Chlorine has two stable and naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine" title="Isotopes of chlorine">isotopes</a>, chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. However, there are trace amounts in nature of the isotope <a href="/wiki/Chlorine-36" title="Chlorine-36">chlorine-36</a>, which occurs via <a href="/wiki/Spallation" title="Spallation">spallation</a> of argon-36. A total of 24 isotopes of chlorine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 28 to 51.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> There are two stable and naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine" title="Isotopes of bromine">isotopes of bromine</a>, bromine-79 and bromine-81. A total of 33 isotopes of bromine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 66 to 98. There is one stable and naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine" title="Isotopes of iodine">isotope of iodine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iodine-127" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine-127">iodine-127</a>. However, there are trace amounts in nature of the radioactive isotope <a href="/wiki/Iodine-129" title="Iodine-129">iodine-129</a>, which occurs via spallation and from the radioactive decay of uranium in ores. Several other radioactive isotopes of iodine have also been created naturally via the decay of uranium. A total of 38 isotopes of iodine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 108 to 145.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> There are no stable <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine" title="Isotopes of astatine">isotopes of astatine</a>. However, there are four naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of astatine produced via radioactive decay of <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>. These isotopes are astatine-215, astatine-217, astatine-218, and astatine-219. A total of 31 isotopes of astatine have been discovered, with atomic masses ranging from 191 to 227.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> There are no stable <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine" title="Isotopes of tennessine">isotopes of tennessine</a>. Tennessine has only two known <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synthetic radioisotopes</a>, tennessine-293 and tennessine-294. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halogens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Halogens.jpg/330px-Halogens.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Halogens.jpg/495px-Halogens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Halogens.jpg/660px-Halogens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> at room temperature. Chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid. <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> could not be included in the image due to its high <a href="/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)" title="Reactivity (chemistry)">reactivity</a>, and astatine and tennessine due to their radioactivity.</figcaption></figure> Approximately six million metric tons of the fluorine mineral <a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">fluorite</a> are produced each year. Four hundred-thousand metric tons of hydrofluoric acid are made each year. Fluorine gas is made from hydrofluoric acid produced as a by-product in <a href="/wiki/Phosphoric_acid" title="Phosphoric acid">phosphoric acid</a> manufacture. Approximately 15,000 metric tons of fluorine gas are made per year.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> The mineral <a href="/wiki/Halite" title="Halite">halite</a> is the mineral that is most commonly mined for chlorine, but the minerals <a href="/wiki/Carnallite" title="Carnallite">carnallite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylvite" title="Sylvite">sylvite</a> are also mined for chlorine. Forty million metric tons of chlorine are produced each year by the <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Approximately 450,000 metric tons of bromine are produced each year. Fifty percent of all bromine produced is produced in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, 35% in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and most of the remainder in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Historically, bromine was produced by adding <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> and bleaching powder to natural brine. However, in modern times, bromine is produced by electrolysis, a method invented by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Dow" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Dow">Herbert Dow</a>. It is also possible to produce bromine by passing chlorine through seawater and then passing air through the seawater.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> In 2003, 22,000 metric tons of iodine were produced. Chile produces 40% of all iodine produced, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> produces 30%, and smaller amounts are produced in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and the United States. Until the 1950s, iodine was extracted from <a href="/wiki/Kelp" title="Kelp">kelp</a>. However, in modern times, iodine is produced in other ways. One way that iodine is produced is by mixing <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">nitrate</a> ores, which contain some <a href="/wiki/Iodate" title="Iodate">iodates</a>. Iodine is also extracted from <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> fields.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Even though astatine is naturally occurring, it is usually produced by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Tennessine is made by using a cyclotron, fusing berkelium-249 and calcium-48 to make tennessine-293 and tennessine-294. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disinfectants">Disinfectants</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Disinfectants">edit</a>]</div> Both chlorine and bromine are used as <a href="/wiki/Disinfectants" class="mw-redirect" title="Disinfectants">disinfectants</a> for drinking water, swimming pools, fresh wounds, spas, dishes, and surfaces. They kill <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> and other potentially harmful <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a> through a process known as <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)" title="Sterilization (microbiology)">sterilization</a>. Their reactivity is also put to use in <a href="/wiki/Bleaching_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleaching agent">bleaching</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite" title="Sodium hypochlorite">Sodium hypochlorite</a>, which is produced from chlorine, is the active ingredient of most <a href="/wiki/Cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloth">fabric</a> bleaches, and chlorine-derived bleaches are used in the production of some <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> products. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lighting">Lighting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Lighting">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Halogen_lamp" title="Halogen lamp">Halogen lamps</a> are a type of <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Incandescent lamp">incandescent lamp</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> filament in bulbs that have small amounts of a halogen, such as iodine or bromine added. This enables the production of lamps that are much smaller than non-halogen <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_lightbulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incandescent lightbulb">incandescent lightbulbs</a> at the same <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">wattage</a>. The gas reduces the thinning of the filament and blackening of the inside of the bulb resulting in a bulb that has a much greater life. Halogen lamps glow at a higher temperature (2800 to 3400 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a>) with a whiter colour than other incandescent bulbs. However, this requires bulbs to be manufactured from <a href="/wiki/Fused_quartz" title="Fused quartz">fused quartz</a> rather than silica glass to reduce breakage.<a href="#cite_note-Edison-42">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_components">Drug components</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Drug components">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Drug_discovery" title="Drug discovery">drug discovery</a>, the incorporation of halogen atoms into a lead drug candidate results in analogues that are usually more <a href="/wiki/Lipophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipophilic">lipophilic</a> and less water-soluble.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> As a consequence, halogen atoms are used to improve penetration through <a href="/wiki/Lipid_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipid membrane">lipid membranes</a> and tissues. It follows that there is a tendency for some halogenated drugs to accumulate in <a href="/wiki/Adipose_tissue" title="Adipose tissue">adipose tissue</a>. The chemical reactivity of halogen atoms depends on both their point of attachment to the lead and the nature of the halogen. <a href="/wiki/Aromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatic">Aromatic</a> halogen groups are far less reactive than <a href="/wiki/Aliphatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliphatic">aliphatic</a> halogen groups, which can exhibit considerable chemical reactivity. For aliphatic carbon-halogen bonds, the C-F bond is the strongest and usually less chemically reactive than aliphatic C-H bonds. The other aliphatic-halogen bonds are weaker, their reactivity increasing down the periodic table. They are usually more chemically reactive than aliphatic C-H bonds. As a consequence, the most common halogen substitutions are the less reactive aromatic fluorine and chlorine groups. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biological_role">Biological role</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Biological role">edit</a>]</div> Fluoride anions are found in ivory, bones, teeth, blood, eggs, urine, and hair of organisms. Fluoride anions in very small amounts may be essential for humans.<a href="#cite_note-who.int-44">[40]</a> There are 0.5 milligrams of fluorine per liter of human blood. Human bones contain 0.2 to 1.2% fluorine. Human tissue contains approximately 50 parts per billion of fluorine. A typical 70-kilogram human contains 3 to 6 grams of fluorine.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Chloride anions are essential to a large number of species, humans included. The concentration of chlorine in the <a href="/wiki/Dry_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry weight">dry weight</a> of cereals is 10 to 20 parts per million, while in <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> the concentration of chloride is 0.5%. Plant growth is adversely affected by chloride levels in the <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a> falling below 2 parts per million. Human blood contains an average of 0.3% chlorine. Human bone typically contains 900 parts per million of chlorine. Human tissue contains approximately 0.2 to 0.5% chlorine. There is a total of 95 grams of chlorine in a typical 70-kilogram human.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Some bromine in the form of the bromide anion is present in all organisms. A biological role for bromine in humans has not been proven, but some organisms contain <a href="/wiki/Organobromine_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Organobromine compound">organobromine compounds</a>. Humans typically consume 1 to 20 milligrams of bromine per day. There are typically 5 parts per million of bromine in human blood, 7 parts per million of bromine in human bones, and 7 parts per million of bromine in human tissue. A typical 70-kilogram human contains 260 milligrams of bromine.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Humans typically consume less than 100 micrograms of iodine per day. Iodine deficiency can cause <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">intellectual disability</a>. <a href="/wiki/Organoiodine_chemistry" title="Organoiodine chemistry">Organoiodine compounds</a> occur in humans in some of the <a href="/wiki/Gland" title="Gland">glands</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid gland">thyroid gland</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(skin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidermis (skin)">epidermis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a>. Foods containing iodine include <a href="/wiki/Cod_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cod (food)">cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oysters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimp (food)">shrimp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herring_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herring (food)">herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">lobsters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">sunflower seeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweed</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a>. However, iodine is not known to have a biological role in plants. There are typically 0.06 milligrams per liter of iodine in human blood, 300 parts per billion of iodine in human bones, and 50 to 700 parts per billion of iodine in human tissue. There are 10 to 20 milligrams of iodine in a typical 70-kilogram human.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a>, although very scarce, has been found in micrograms in the earth.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> It has no known biological role because of its high radioactivity, extreme rarity, and has a half-life of just about 8 hours for the most stable isotope. Tennessine is purely man-made and has no other roles in nature. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Toxicity">edit</a>]</div> The halogens tend to decrease in toxicity towards the heavier halogens.<a href="#cite_note-The_Elements-45">[41]</a> Fluorine gas is extremely toxic; breathing in fluorine at a concentration of 25 parts per million is potentially lethal. <a href="/wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid" title="Hydrofluoric acid">Hydrofluoric acid</a> is also toxic, being able to penetrate skin and cause <a href="/wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid_burn" title="Hydrofluoric acid burn">highly painful burns</a>. In addition, fluoride anions are toxic, but not as toxic as pure fluorine. Fluoride can be lethal in amounts of 5 to 10 grams. Prolonged consumption of fluoride above concentrations of 1.5 mg/L is associated with a risk of <a href="/wiki/Dental_fluorosis" title="Dental fluorosis">dental fluorosis</a>, an aesthetic condition of the teeth.<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> At concentrations above 4 mg/L, there is an increased risk of developing <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_fluorosis" title="Skeletal fluorosis">skeletal fluorosis</a>, a condition in which bone fractures become more common due to the hardening of bones. Current recommended levels in <a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation" title="Water fluoridation">water fluoridation</a>, a way to prevent <a href="/wiki/Dental_caries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental caries">dental caries</a>, range from 0.7 to 1.2 mg/L to avoid the detrimental effects of fluoride while at the same time reaping the benefits.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> People with levels between normal levels and those required for skeletal fluorosis tend to have symptoms similar to <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Chlorine gas is highly toxic. Breathing in chlorine at a concentration of 3 parts per million can rapidly cause a toxic reaction. Breathing in chlorine at a concentration of 50 parts per million is highly dangerous. Breathing in chlorine at a concentration of 500 parts per million for a few minutes is lethal. In addition, breathing in chlorine gas is highly painful because of its corrosive properties. Hydrochloric acid is the acid of chlorine, while relatively nontoxic, it is highly corrosive and releases very irritating and toxic hydrogen chloride gas in open air.<a href="#cite_note-The_Elements-45">[41]</a> Pure bromine is somewhat toxic but less toxic than fluorine and chlorine. One hundred milligrams of bromine is lethal.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Bromide anions are also toxic, but less so than bromine. Bromide has a lethal dose of 30 grams.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Iodine is somewhat toxic, being able to irritate the lungs and eyes, with a safety limit of 1 milligram per cubic meter. When taken orally, 3 grams of iodine can be lethal. Iodide anions are mostly nontoxic, but these can also be deadly if ingested in large amounts.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Astatine is <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> and thus highly dangerous, but it has not been produced in macroscopic quantities and hence it is most unlikely that its toxicity will be of much relevance to the average individual.<a href="#cite_note-Nature's_Building_Blocks-8">[7]</a> Tennessine cannot be chemically investigated due to how short its half-life is, although its radioactivity would make it very dangerous. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Superhalogen">Superhalogen</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Superhalogen">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Superatom" title="Superatom">Superatom</a></div> Certain aluminium clusters have superatom properties. These aluminium clusters are generated as anions (Al− n with n = 1, 2, 3, ... ) in helium gas and reacted with a gas containing iodine. When analyzed by mass spectrometry one main reaction product turns out to be Al 13I− .<a href="#cite_note-bergeron/2004-48">[44]</a> These clusters of 13 aluminium atoms with an extra electron added do not appear to react with oxygen when it is introduced in the same gas stream. Assuming each atom liberates its 3 valence electrons, this means 40 electrons are present, which is one of the magic numbers for sodium and implies that these numbers are a reflection of the noble gases. Calculations show that the additional electron is located in the aluminium cluster at the location directly opposite from the iodine atom. The cluster must therefore have a higher electron affinity for the electron than iodine and therefore the aluminium cluster is called a superhalogen (i.e., the vertical electron detachment energies of the moieties that make up the negative ions are larger than those of any halogen atom).<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> The cluster component in the Al 13I− ion is similar to an iodide ion or a bromide ion. The related Al 13I− 2 cluster is expected to behave chemically like the <a href="/wiki/Triiodide" title="Triiodide">triiodide</a> ion.<a href="#cite_note-ball-50">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-bergeron/2005-51">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/halogen" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:halogen">halogen</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halogen_bond" title="Halogen bond">Halogen bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen_addition_reaction" title="Halogen addition reaction">Halogen addition reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen_lamp" title="Halogen lamp">Halogen lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogenation" title="Halogenation">Halogenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interhalogen" title="Interhalogen">Interhalogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohalogen" title="Pseudohalogen">Pseudohalogen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> This could also be the case for <a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">group 12</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">copernicium</a>'s melting and boiling points are still uncertain. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> The number given in <a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">parentheses</a> refers to the <a href="/wiki/Uncertainty#In_measurements" title="Uncertainty">measurement uncertainty</a>. This uncertainty applies to the <a href="/wiki/Significant_figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Significant figure">least significant figure</a>(s) of the number prior to the parenthesized value (i.e., counting from rightmost digit to left). For instance, 1.00794(7) stands for 1.00794±0.00007, while 1.00794(72) stands for 1.00794±0.00072.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> The average atomic weight of this element changes depending on the source of the chlorine, and the values in brackets are the upper and lower bounds.<a href="#cite_note-atomicweights2009-30">[28]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-unstable-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unstable_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unstable_34-1">b</a> The element does not have any stable <a href="/wiki/Nuclide" title="Nuclide">nuclides</a>, and the value in brackets indicates the <a href="/wiki/Mass_number" title="Mass number">mass number</a> of the longest-lived <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotope</a> of the element.<a href="#cite_note-atomicweights2009-30">[28]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJones2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2017) [1917]. Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.). English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-12-539683-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-12-539683-8"><bdi>978-3-12-539683-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-12-539683-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Halogen">"Halogen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Halogen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FHalogen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Halogen">"Halogen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a> (Online). n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Halogen&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2FHalogen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Burkhard-Fricke">Fricke, Burkhard</a> [2007.12.??] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225672062_Superheavy_elements_a_prediction_of_their_chemical_and_physical_properties">Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties</a> PDF | "Element 117" | www.researchgate.net | Retrieved - 2023.08.13 (20:58:??) -- yyyy.mm.dd (hh:mm:ss) </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/halogen">"halogen | Elements, Examples, Properties, Uses, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. 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Nature's Building Blocks. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199605637" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199605637"><bdi>978-0199605637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0199605637&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117s-9"><a href="#cite_ref-117s_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOganessianAbdullinBaileyBenker2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Oganessian" title="Yuri Oganessian">Oganessian, Yu.Ts.</a>; Abdullin, F.Sh.; Bailey, P.D.; Benker, D.E.; Bennett, M.E.; Dmitriev, S.N.; et al. 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Physical Review Letters. 104 (14): 142502. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhRvL.104n2502O">2010PhRvL.104n2502O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.104.142502">10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20481935">20481935</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3263480">3263480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+a+new+element+with+atomic+number+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22texhtml+mvar%22+style%3D%22font-style%3Aitalic%3B%22%3EZ%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3D+117%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=142502&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.104.142502&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3263480%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20481935&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PhRvL.104n2502O&rft.aulast=Oganessian&rft.aufirst=Yu.Ts.&rft.au=Abdullin%2C+F.Sh.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+P.D.&rft.au=Benker%2C+D.E.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+M.E.&rft.au=Dmitriev%2C+S.N.&rft.au=Ezold%2C+J.G.&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+J.H.&rft.au=Henderson%2C+R.A.&rft.au=Itkis%2C+M.G.&rft.au=Lobanov%2C+Yuri+V.&rft.au=Mezentsev%2C+A.N.&rft.au=Moody%2C+K.+J.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+S.L.&rft.au=Polyakov%2C+A.N.&rft.au=Porter%2C+C.E.&rft.au=Ramayya%2C+A.V.&rft.au=Riley%2C+F.D.&rft.au=Roberto%2C+J.B.&rft.au=Ryabinin%2C+M.+A.&rft.au=Rykaczewski%2C+K.P.&rft.au=Sagaidak%2C+R.N.&rft.au=Shaughnessy%2C+D.A.&rft.au=Shirokovsky%2C+I.V.&rft.au=Stoyer%2C+M.A.&rft.au=Subbotin%2C+V.G.&rft.au=Sudowe%2C+R.&rft.au=Sukhov%2C+A.M.&rft.au=Tsyganov%2C+Yu.S.&rft.au=Utyonkov%2C+Vladimir+K.&rft.au=Voinov%2C+A.A.&rft.au=Vostokin%2C+G.K.&rft.au=Wilk%2C+P.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1103%252FPhysRevLett.104.142502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchweigger1811" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schweigger, J.S.C. (1811). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076802287;view=1up;seq=295">"Nachschreiben des Herausgebers, die neue Nomenclatur betreffend"</a> [Postscript of the editor concerning the new nomenclature]. Journal für Chemie und Physik (in German). 3 (2): 249–255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+f%C3%BCr+Chemie+und+Physik&rft.atitle=Nachschreiben+des+Herausgebers%2C+die+neue+Nomenclatur+betreffend&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=249-255&rft.date=1811&rft.aulast=Schweigger&rft.aufirst=J.S.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dnjp.32101076802287%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"> On p. 251, Schweigger proposed the word "halogen": "Man sage dafür lieber mit richter Wortbildung Halogen (da schon in der Mineralogie durch Werner's Halit-Geschlecht dieses Wort nicht fremd ist) von αλς Salz und dem alten γενειν (dorisch γενεν) zeugen." (One should say instead, with proper morphology, "halogen" (this word is not strange since [it's] already in mineralogy via Werner's "halite" species) from αλς [als] "salt" and the old γενειν [genein] (Doric γενεν) "to beget".) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnelders1971" class="citation journal cs1">Snelders, H. A. M. (1971). "J. S. C. Schweigger: His Romanticism and His Crystal Electrical Theory of Matter". Isis. 62 (3): 328–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F350763">10.1086/350763</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/229946">229946</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170337569">170337569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=J.+S.+C.+Schweigger%3A+His+Romanticism+and+His+Crystal+Electrical+Theory+of+Matter&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=328-338&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170337569%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F229946%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F350763&rft.aulast=Snelders&rft.aufirst=H.+A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> In 1826, Berzelius coined the terms Saltbildare (salt-formers) and Corpora Halogenia (salt-making substances) for the elements chlorine, iodine, and fluorine. See: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerzelius1826" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berzelius, Jacob (1826). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044092556919;view=1up;seq=195">"Årsberättelser om Framstegen i Physik och Chemie"</a> [Annual Report on Progress in Physics and Chemistry]. Arsb. Vetensk. Framsteg (in Swedish). 6. Stockholm, Sweden: P.A. Norstedt & Söner: 187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arsb.+Vetensk.+Framsteg&rft.atitle=%C3%85rsber%C3%A4ttelser+om+Framstegen+i+Physik+och+Chemie&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=187&rft.date=1826&rft.aulast=Berzelius&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dhvd.32044092556919%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"> From p. 187: "De förre af dessa, d. ä. de electronegativa, dela sig i tre klasser: 1) den första innehåller kroppar, som förenade med de electropositiva, omedelbart frambringa salter, hvilka jag derför kallar Saltbildare (Corpora Halogenia). Desse utgöras af chlor, iod och fluor *)." (The first of them [i.e., elements], the electronegative [ones], are divided into three classes: 1) The first includes substances which, [when] united with electropositive [elements], immediately produce salts, and which I therefore name "salt-formers" (salt-producing substances). These are chlorine, iodine, and fluorine *).) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> The word "halogen" appeared in English as early as 1832 (or earlier). See, for example: Berzelius, J.J. with A.D. Bache, trans., (1832) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eWsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA248">"An essay on chemical nomenclature, prefixed to the treatise on chemistry,"</a> The American Journal of Science and Arts, 22: 248–276 ; see, for example <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eWsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA263">p. 263.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Page 43, Edexcel International GCSE chemistry revision guide, Curtis 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenwoodEarnshaw1997804-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenwoodEarnshaw1997804_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997">Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997</a>, p. 804. </li> <li id="cite_note-assorted-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-assorted_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-assorted_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-assorted_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-assorted_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-assorted_16-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Clark2011" class="citation web cs1">Jim Clark (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group7/otherreactions.html">"Assorted reactions of the halogens"</a>. 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Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8"><bdi>978-0-08-037941-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-08-037941-8&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalogen" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Template:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Template talk:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Periodic table forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_periodic_tables" title="Types of periodic tables">Alternatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">Extended periodic table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements" title="Names for sets of chemical elements">Sets of elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By periodic table structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1 (Hydrogen and alkali metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2 (Alkaline earth metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13 (Triels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14 (Tetrels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15 (Pnictogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16 (Chalcogens)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">17 (Halogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18 (Noble gases)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">8+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Aufbau_model" title="Extended periodic table">Aufbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Fricke" title="Extended periodic table">Fricke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Pyykkö" title="Extended periodic table">Pyykkö</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aufbau_principle" title="Aufbau principle">Aufbau principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_metals,_metalloids_and_nonmetals" title="Properties of metals, metalloids and nonmetals">metallicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">Metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">Transition metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-transition_metal" title="Post-transition metal">Post-transition metals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">Metalloids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_metalloids" title="Lists of metalloids">Lists of metalloids by source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividing_line_between_metals_and_nonmetals" title="Dividing line between metals and nonmetals">Dividing line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal">Nonmetals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">Noble gases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Other sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_group" title="Platinum group">Platinum-group metals (PGM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory_metals" title="Refractory metals">Refractory metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_metals" title="Coinage metals">Coinage metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_metal" title="Noble metal">Noble metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_element" title="Heavy metal element">Heavy metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_metal" title="Native metal">Native metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">Transuranium elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheavy_element" title="Superheavy element">Superheavy elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_actinide" title="Major actinide">Major actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_actinide" title="Minor actinide">Minor actinides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements" title="List of chemical elements">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By: <a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">Abundance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body" title="Composition of the human body">in humans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_atomic_properties" title="List of elements by atomic properties">Atomic properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes" title="List of elements by stability of isotopes">Nuclear stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_symbol" title="Chemical symbol">Symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Properties" title="Chemical element">Properties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aqueous_ions_by_element" title="List of aqueous ions by element">Aqueous chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(crystal_structure)" title="Periodic table (crystal structure)">Crystal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(electron_configurations)" title="Periodic table (electron configurations)">Electron configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification" title="Goldschmidt classification">Goldschmidt classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_symbol" title="Term symbol">Term symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Data pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Abundances of the elements (data page)">Abundance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page)">Atomic radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page)">Boiling point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Critical points of the elements (data page)">Critical point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Densities of the elements (data page)">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page)">Elasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)">Electrical resistivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)" title="Electron affinity (data page)">Electron affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page)">Electron configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page)">Electronegativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page)">Hardness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page)">Heat capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)">Heat of fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)">Heat of vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Ionization energies of the elements (data page)">Ionization energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Melting points of the elements (data page)">Melting point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements" title="Speeds of sound of the elements">Speed of sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)">Thermal conductivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansivities_of_the_elements" title="Thermal expansivities of the elements">Thermal expansion coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)">Vapor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table" title="History of the periodic table">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_chemical_elements" title="Discovery of chemical elements">Element discoveries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev#Periodic_table" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">1871 table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendeleev%27s_predicted_elements" title="Mendeleev's predicted elements">1869 predictions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_chemical_elements" title="Naming of chemical elements">Naming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies" title="List of chemical element name etymologies">etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_naming_controversies" title="List of chemical element naming controversies">controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_places" title="List of chemical elements named after places">for places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_people" title="List of chemical elements named after people">for people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages" title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages">in East Asian languages</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_element_name" title="Systematic element name">systematic element name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivial_name" title="Trivial name">Trivial name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Periodic_table" title="Category:Periodic table">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Elements" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodic_table" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template talk:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Boron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td title="N, Nitrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="O, Oxygen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a> </td> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, Sodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Aluminium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Si, Silicon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a> </td> <td title="P, Phosphorus" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a> </td> <td title="S, Sulfur" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, Potassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td title="Ca, Calcium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Ti, Titanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="V, Vanadium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Cr, Chromium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mn, Manganese" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Fe, Iron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Co, Cobalt" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Ni, Nickel" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Cu, Copper" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Zn, Zinc" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Og, Oganesson" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#99ccff;"><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#fdff8c;"><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Halogens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Halogens" title="Template:Halogens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Halogens" title="Template talk:Halogens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Halogens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Halogens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Halogens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halogens</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> F Atomic Number: 9 Atomic Weight: 18.9984032 Melting Point: 53.63 K Boiling Point: 85.03 K Specific mass: 0.001696 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 3.98 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a> Cl Atomic Number: 17 Atomic Weight: 35.453 Melting Point: 172.31 K Boiling Point: 239.11 K Specific mass: 0.003214 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 3.16 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a> Br Atomic Number: 35 Atomic Weight: 79.904 Melting Point: 266.05 K Boiling Point: 332.0 K Specific mass: 3.122 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 2.96 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> I Atomic Number: 53 Atomic Weight: 126.90447 Melting Point: 386.65 K Boiling Point: 475.4 K Specific mass: 4.93 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 2.66 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> At Atomic Number: 85 Atomic Weight: [210] Melting Point: 575.15 K Boiling Point: 610 K Specific mass: 7 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 2.2 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> Ts Atomic Number: 117 Atomic Weight: [294] Melting Point: ? 573–773 K Boiling Point: ? 823 K Specific mass: ? g/cm3 Electronegativity: ? </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_fluoride_ion" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fluorides" title="Template:Fluorides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fluorides" title="Template talk:Fluorides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fluorides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fluorides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_fluoride_ion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride">fluoride</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">HF</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>?<a href="/wiki/Helium_difluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Helium difluoride">HeF2</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_fluoride" title="Lithium fluoride">LiF</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_fluoride" title="Beryllium fluoride">BeF2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boron_monofluoride" title="Boron monofluoride">BF</a> <a href="/wiki/Boron_trifluoride" title="Boron trifluoride">BF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Diboron_tetrafluoride" title="Diboron tetrafluoride">B2F4</a> <a href="/wiki/Borate_fluoride" title="Borate fluoride">+BO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetrafluoride" title="Carbon tetrafluoride">CF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluorocarbon" title="Fluorocarbon">CxFy</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluorocarbonate" title="Fluorocarbonate">+CO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trifluoride" title="Nitrogen trifluoride">NF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluorine_azide" title="Fluorine azide">FN3</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_difluoride" title="Dinitrogen difluoride">N2F2</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_monofluoride" title="Nitrogen monofluoride">NF</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetrafluorohydrazine" title="Tetrafluorohydrazine">N2F4</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_difluoride" title="Nitrogen difluoride">NF2</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_pentafluoride" title="Nitrogen pentafluoride">NF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_difluoride" title="Oxygen difluoride">OF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Dioxygen_difluoride" title="Dioxygen difluoride">O2F2</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_monofluoride" title="Oxygen monofluoride">OF</a> <a href="/wiki/Trioxygen_difluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Trioxygen difluoride">O3F2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetraoxygen_difluoride" title="Tetraoxygen difluoride">O4F2</a> ?OF4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F2</a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluoride" title="Sodium fluoride">NaF</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_fluoride" title="Magnesium fluoride">MgF2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monofluoride" title="Aluminium monofluoride">AlF</a> <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_fluoride" title="Aluminium fluoride">AlF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetrafluoride" title="Silicon tetrafluoride">SiF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diphosphorus_tetrafluoride" title="Diphosphorus tetrafluoride">P2F4</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_trifluoride" title="Phosphorus trifluoride">PF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_pentafluoride" title="Phosphorus pentafluoride">PF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disulfur_difluoride" title="Disulfur difluoride">S2F2</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_difluoride" title="Sulfur difluoride">SF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Disulfur_tetrafluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Disulfur tetrafluoride">S2F4</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_trifluoride" title="Sulfur trifluoride">SF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_tetrafluoride" title="Sulfur tetrafluoride">SF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Disulfur_decafluoride" title="Disulfur decafluoride">S2F10</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_hexafluoride" title="Sulfur hexafluoride">SF6</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfate_fluoride" title="Sulfate fluoride">+SO4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_monofluoride" title="Chlorine monofluoride">ClF</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_trifluoride" title="Chlorine trifluoride">ClF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_pentafluoride" title="Chlorine pentafluoride">ClF5</a> </td> <td>?<a href="/wiki/Argon_difluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon difluoride">ArF2</a> ?<a href="/w/index.php?title=Argon_tetrafluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argon tetrafluoride (page does not exist)">ArF4</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_fluoride" title="Potassium fluoride">KF</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium(I)_fluoride" title="Calcium(I) fluoride">CaF</a> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_fluoride" title="Calcium fluoride">CaF2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_fluoride" title="Scandium fluoride">ScF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanium(II)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titanium(II) fluoride (page does not exist)">TiF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Titanium(III)_fluoride" title="Titanium(III) fluoride">TiF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Titanium_tetrafluoride" title="Titanium tetrafluoride">TiF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(II)_fluoride" title="Vanadium(II) fluoride">VF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium(III)_fluoride" title="Vanadium(III) fluoride">VF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium_tetrafluoride" title="Vanadium tetrafluoride">VF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium_pentafluoride" title="Vanadium pentafluoride">VF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_fluoride" title="Chromium(II) fluoride">CrF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_fluoride" title="Chromium(III) fluoride">CrF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_fluoride" title="Chromium(IV) fluoride">CrF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium_pentafluoride" title="Chromium pentafluoride">CrF5</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Chromium_hexafluoride" title="Chromium hexafluoride">CrF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_fluoride" title="Manganese(II) fluoride">MnF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_fluoride" title="Manganese(III) fluoride">MnF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Manganese(IV)_fluoride" title="Manganese(IV) fluoride">MnF4</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Manganese(V)_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese(V) fluoride">MnF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_fluoride" title="Iron(II) fluoride">FeF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_fluoride" title="Iron(III) fluoride">FeF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron_tetrafluoride" title="Iron tetrafluoride">FeF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_fluoride" title="Cobalt(II) fluoride">CoF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Cobalt(III)_fluoride" title="Cobalt(III) fluoride">CoF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Cobalt_tetrafluoride" title="Cobalt tetrafluoride"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style>CoF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_fluoride" title="Nickel(II) fluoride">NiF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Nickel(III)_fluoride" title="Nickel(III) fluoride">NiF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Nickel_tetrafluoride" title="Nickel tetrafluoride">NiF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_fluoride" title="Copper(I) fluoride">CuF</a> <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_fluoride" title="Copper(II) fluoride">CuF2</a> ?<a href="/w/index.php?title=Copper(III)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copper(III) fluoride (page does not exist)">CuF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_fluoride" title="Zinc fluoride">ZnF2</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_difluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallium difluoride (page does not exist)">GaF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_fluoride" title="Gallium(III) fluoride">GaF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanium_difluoride" title="Germanium difluoride">GeF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Germanium_tetrafluoride" title="Germanium tetrafluoride">GeF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trifluoride" title="Arsenic trifluoride">AsF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_pentafluoride" title="Arsenic pentafluoride">AsF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selenium_monofluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selenium monofluoride (page does not exist)">Se2F2</a> <a href="/wiki/Selenium_tetrafluoride" title="Selenium tetrafluoride">SeF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Selenium_hexafluoride" title="Selenium hexafluoride">SeF6</a> <a href="/wiki/Selenite_fluoride" title="Selenite fluoride">+SeO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine_monofluoride" title="Bromine monofluoride">BrF</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromine_trifluoride" title="Bromine trifluoride">BrF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromine_pentafluoride" title="Bromine pentafluoride">BrF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krypton_difluoride" title="Krypton difluoride">KrF2</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Krypton_tetrafluoride" title="Krypton tetrafluoride">KrF4</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Krypton_hexafluoride" title="Krypton hexafluoride">KrF6</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_fluoride" title="Rubidium fluoride">RbF</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium_monofluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strontium monofluoride (page does not exist)">SrF</a> <a href="/wiki/Strontium_fluoride" title="Strontium fluoride">SrF2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium(III)_fluoride" title="Yttrium(III) fluoride">YF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium_difluoride" title="Zirconium difluoride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">ZrF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium(III)_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium(III) fluoride">ZrF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium_tetrafluoride" title="Zirconium tetrafluoride">ZrF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium(IV)_fluoride" title="Niobium(IV) fluoride">NbF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Niobium(V)_fluoride" title="Niobium(V) fluoride">NbF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(IV)_fluoride" title="Molybdenum(IV) fluoride">MoF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(V)_fluoride" title="Molybdenum(V) fluoride">MoF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_hexafluoride" title="Molybdenum hexafluoride">MoF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium(IV)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technetium(IV) fluoride (page does not exist)">TcF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium_pentafluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium pentafluoride">TcF 5</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium_hexafluoride" title="Technetium hexafluoride">TcF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(III)_fluoride" title="Ruthenium(III) fluoride">RuF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(IV)_fluoride" title="Ruthenium(IV) fluoride">RuF 4</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_pentafluoride" title="Ruthenium pentafluoride">RuF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_hexafluoride" title="Ruthenium hexafluoride">RuF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium_trifluoride" title="Rhodium trifluoride">RhF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhodium(IV)_fluoride" title="Rhodium(IV) fluoride">RhF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhodium_pentafluoride" title="Rhodium pentafluoride">RhF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhodium_hexafluoride" title="Rhodium hexafluoride">RhF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_fluoride" title="Palladium(II) fluoride">PdF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Palladium(II,IV)_fluoride" title="Palladium(II,IV) fluoride">Pd[PdF6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palladium_tetrafluoride" title="Palladium tetrafluoride">PdF4</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Palladium_hexafluoride" title="Palladium hexafluoride">PdF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_subfluoride" title="Silver subfluoride">Ag2F</a> <a href="/wiki/Silver(I)_fluoride" title="Silver(I) fluoride">AgF</a> <a href="/wiki/Silver(II)_fluoride" title="Silver(II) fluoride">AgF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Silver(III)_fluoride" title="Silver(III) fluoride">AgF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_fluoride" title="Cadmium fluoride">CdF2</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indium(I)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indium(I) fluoride (page does not exist)">InF</a> <a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_fluoride" title="Indium(III) fluoride">InF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_fluoride" title="Tin(II) fluoride">SnF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_fluoride" title="Tin(IV) fluoride">SnF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony_trifluoride" title="Antimony trifluoride">SbF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Antimony_pentafluoride" title="Antimony pentafluoride">SbF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tellurium_tetrafluoride" title="Tellurium tetrafluoride">TeF4</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Ditellurium_decafluoride" title="Ditellurium decafluoride">Te2F10</a> <a href="/wiki/Tellurium_hexafluoride" title="Tellurium hexafluoride">TeF6</a> <a href="/wiki/Tellurite_fluoride" title="Tellurite fluoride">+TeO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monofluoride" title="Iodine monofluoride">IF</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_trifluoride" title="Iodine trifluoride">IF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_pentafluoride" title="Iodine pentafluoride">IF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_heptafluoride" title="Iodine heptafluoride">IF7</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodate_fluoride" title="Iodate fluoride">+IO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon_difluoride" title="Xenon difluoride">XeF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Xenon_tetrafluoride" title="Xenon tetrafluoride">XeF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Xenon_hexafluoride" title="Xenon hexafluoride">XeF6</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Xenon_octafluoride" title="Xenon octafluoride">XeF8</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_fluoride" title="Caesium fluoride">CsF</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_fluoride" title="Barium fluoride">BaF2</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_fluoride" title="Lutetium(III) fluoride">LuF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium_tetrafluoride" title="Hafnium tetrafluoride">HfF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalum_pentafluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum pentafluoride">TaF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(IV)_fluoride" title="Tungsten(IV) fluoride">WF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten_pentafluoride" title="Tungsten pentafluoride">WF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten_hexafluoride" title="Tungsten hexafluoride">WF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium_tetrafluoride" title="Rhenium tetrafluoride">ReF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium_pentafluoride" title="Rhenium pentafluoride">ReF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium_hexafluoride" title="Rhenium hexafluoride">ReF6</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium_heptafluoride" title="Rhenium heptafluoride">ReF7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmium(IV)_fluoride" title="Osmium(IV) fluoride">OsF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Osmium_pentafluoride" title="Osmium pentafluoride">OsF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Osmium_hexafluoride" title="Osmium hexafluoride">OsF6</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Osmium_heptafluoride" title="Osmium heptafluoride">OsF 7</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Osmium_octafluoride" title="Osmium octafluoride">OsF 8</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium(II)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium(II) fluoride (page does not exist)">IrF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Iridium(III)_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium(III) fluoride">IrF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Iridium_tetrafluoride" title="Iridium tetrafluoride">IrF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Iridium(V)_fluoride" title="Iridium(V) fluoride">IrF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Iridium_hexafluoride" title="Iridium hexafluoride">IrF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Platinum(II)_fluoride" title="Platinum(II) fluoride">PtF2</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platinum(II,IV)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platinum(II,IV) fluoride (page does not exist)">Pt[PtF6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Platinum_tetrafluoride" title="Platinum tetrafluoride">PtF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Platinum_pentafluoride" title="Platinum pentafluoride">PtF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Platinum_hexafluoride" title="Platinum hexafluoride">PtF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gold(I)_fluoride" title="Gold(I) fluoride">AuF</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold(III)_fluoride" title="Gold(III) fluoride">AuF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold(V)_fluoride" title="Gold(V) fluoride">Au2F10</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Gold_hexafluoride" title="Gold hexafluoride">AuF6</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold_heptafluoride" title="Gold heptafluoride">AuF5•F2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_fluoride" title="Mercury(I) fluoride">Hg2F2</a> <a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_fluoride" title="Mercury(II) fluoride">HgF2</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Mercury(IV)_fluoride" title="Mercury(IV) fluoride">HgF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_fluoride" title="Thallium(I) fluoride">TlF</a> <a href="/wiki/Thallium_trifluoride" title="Thallium trifluoride">TlF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_fluoride" title="Lead(II) fluoride">PbF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Lead_tetrafluoride" title="Lead tetrafluoride">PbF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_trifluoride" title="Bismuth trifluoride">BiF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Bismuth_pentafluoride" title="Bismuth pentafluoride">BiF5</a> </td> <td>?<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium_difluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium difluoride (page does not exist)">PoF2</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium_tetrafluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium tetrafluoride (page does not exist)">PoF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Polonium_hexafluoride" title="Polonium hexafluoride">PoF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astatine_monofluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astatine monofluoride (page does not exist)">AtF</a> ?<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astatine_trifluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astatine trifluoride (page does not exist)">AtF3</a> ?<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astatine_pentafluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astatine pentafluoride (page does not exist)">AtF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radon_difluoride" title="Radon difluoride">RnF2</a> ?<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radon_tetrafluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radon tetrafluoride (page does not exist)">RnF 4</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Radon_hexafluoride" title="Radon hexafluoride">RnF 6</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td>FrF </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_fluoride" title="Radium fluoride">RaF2</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrencium_trifluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrencium trifluoride (page does not exist)">LrF3</a> </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">↓ </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_trifluoride" title="Lanthanum trifluoride">LaF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_fluoride" title="Cerium(III) fluoride">CeF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Cerium(IV)_fluoride" title="Cerium(IV) fluoride">CeF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_fluoride" title="Praseodymium(III) fluoride">PrF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(IV)_fluoride" title="Praseodymium(IV) fluoride">PrF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(II)_fluoride" title="Neodymium(II) fluoride">NdF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_fluoride" title="Neodymium(III) fluoride">NdF3</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neodymium(IV)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neodymium(IV) fluoride (page does not exist)">NdF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_fluoride" title="Promethium(III) fluoride">PmF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(II)_fluoride" title="Samarium(II) fluoride">SmF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_fluoride" title="Samarium(III) fluoride">SmF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium(II)_fluoride" title="Europium(II) fluoride">EuF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_fluoride" title="Europium(III) fluoride">EuF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_fluoride" title="Gadolinium(III) fluoride">GdF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_fluoride" title="Terbium(III) fluoride">TbF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Terbium(IV)_fluoride" title="Terbium(IV) fluoride">TbF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysprosium(II)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysprosium(II) fluoride (page does not exist)">DyF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_fluoride" title="Dysprosium(III) fluoride">DyF3</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysprosium(IV)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysprosium(IV) fluoride (page does not exist)">DyF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_fluoride" title="Holmium(III) fluoride">HoF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_fluoride" title="Erbium(III) fluoride">ErF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium(II)_fluoride" title="Thulium(II) fluoride">TmF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_fluoride" title="Thulium(III) fluoride">TmF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(II)_fluoride" title="Ytterbium(II) fluoride">YbF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_fluoride" title="Ytterbium(III) fluoride">YbF3</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_fluoride" title="Actinium(III) fluoride">AcF3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium_trifluoride" title="Thorium trifluoride">ThF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Thorium_tetrafluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium tetrafluoride">ThF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(IV)_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium(IV) fluoride">PaF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Protactinium(V)_fluoride" title="Protactinium(V) fluoride">PaF5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium_trifluoride" title="Uranium trifluoride">UF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranium_tetrafluoride" title="Uranium tetrafluoride">UF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranium_pentafluoride" title="Uranium pentafluoride">UF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranium_hexafluoride" title="Uranium hexafluoride">UF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(III)_fluoride" title="Neptunium(III) fluoride">NpF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Neptunium(IV)_fluoride" title="Neptunium(IV) fluoride">NpF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Neptunium(V)_fluoride" title="Neptunium(V) fluoride">NpF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Neptunium(VI)_fluoride" title="Neptunium(VI) fluoride">NpF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(III)_fluoride" title="Plutonium(III) fluoride">PuF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutonium_tetrafluoride" title="Plutonium tetrafluoride">PuF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutonium_pentafluoride" title="Plutonium pentafluoride">PuF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutonium_hexafluoride" title="Plutonium hexafluoride">PuF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Americium(II)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americium(II) fluoride (page does not exist)">AmF2</a> <a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_fluoride" title="Americium(III) fluoride">AmF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Americium(IV)_fluoride" title="Americium(IV) fluoride">AmF4</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Americium_hexafluoride" title="Americium hexafluoride">AmF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium(III)_fluoride" title="Curium(III) fluoride">CmF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Curium(IV)_fluoride" title="Curium(IV) fluoride">CmF4</a>  ?<a href="/wiki/Curium_hexafluoride" title="Curium hexafluoride">CmF6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium_trifluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium trifluoride">BkF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Berkelium_tetrafluoride" title="Berkelium tetrafluoride">BkF 4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium fluoride">CfF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Californium_tetrafluoride" title="Californium tetrafluoride">CfF4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium_trifluoride" title="Einsteinium trifluoride">EsF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium_tetrafluoride" title="Einsteinium tetrafluoride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">EsF4</a> ?<a href="/wiki/Einsteinium_hexafluoride" title="Einsteinium hexafluoride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">EsF6</a> </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_chloride_ion" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chlorides" title="Template:Chlorides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chlorides" title="Template talk:Chlorides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chlorides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chlorides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_chloride_ion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">chloride</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">HCl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_chloride" title="Lithium chloride">LiCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_chloride" title="Beryllium chloride">BeCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boron_trichloride#Reduction" title="Boron trichloride">B4Cl4</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodecaboron_dodecachloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodecaboron dodecachloride (page does not exist)">B12Cl12</a> <a href="/wiki/Boron_trichloride" title="Boron trichloride">BCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Diboron_tetrachloride" title="Diboron tetrachloride">B2Cl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Borate_chloride" title="Borate chloride">+BO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dichloroacetylene" title="Dichloroacetylene">C2Cl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">C2Cl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Hexachloroethane" title="Hexachloroethane">C2Cl6</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride" title="Carbon tetrachloride">CCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbide_chloride" title="Carbide chloride">+C</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_chloride" title="Carbonate chloride">+CO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trichloride" title="Nitrogen trichloride">NCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_azide" title="Chlorine azide">ClN3</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitride_chloride" title="Nitride chloride">+N</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrate_chlorides" title="Nitrate chlorides">+NO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_oxide" title="Chlorine oxide">ClxOy</a> <a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_monoxide" title="Dichlorine monoxide">Cl2O</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_peroxide" title="Chlorine peroxide">Cl2O2</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_monoxide" title="Chlorine monoxide">ClO</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_dioxide" title="Chlorine dioxide">ClO2</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_perchlorate" title="Chlorine perchlorate">Cl2O4</a> <a href="/wiki/Chloryl_perchlorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloryl perchlorate">Cl2O6</a> <a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_heptoxide" title="Dichlorine heptoxide">Cl2O7</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_tetroxide" title="Chlorine tetroxide">ClO4</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxychloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxychloride">+O</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_monofluoride" title="Chlorine monofluoride">ClF</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_trifluoride" title="Chlorine trifluoride">ClF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_pentafluoride" title="Chlorine pentafluoride">ClF5</a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">NaCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chloride" title="Magnesium chloride">MgCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monochloride" title="Aluminium monochloride">AlCl</a> <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_chloride" title="Aluminium chloride">AlCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodecachloroneopentasilane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodecachloroneopentasilane (page does not exist)">Si5Cl12</a> <a href="/wiki/Hexachlorodisilane" title="Hexachlorodisilane">Si2Cl6</a> <a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetrachloride" title="Silicon tetrachloride">SiCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diphosphorus_tetrachloride" title="Diphosphorus tetrachloride">P2Cl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_trichloride" title="Phosphorus trichloride">PCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_pentachloride" title="Phosphorus pentachloride">PCl5</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphide_chloride" title="Phosphide chloride">+P</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disulfur_dichloride" title="Disulfur dichloride">S2Cl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dichloride" title="Sulfur dichloride">SCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_tetrachloride" title="Sulfur tetrachloride">SCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfate_chloride" title="Sulfate chloride">+SO4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl2</a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">KCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium(I)_chloride" title="Calcium(I) chloride">CaCl</a> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_chloride" title="Calcium chloride">CaCl2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_chloride" title="Scandium chloride">ScCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium(II)_chloride" title="Titanium(II) chloride">TiCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Titanium(III)_chloride" title="Titanium(III) chloride">TiCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Titanium_tetrachloride" title="Titanium tetrachloride">TiCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(II)_chloride" title="Vanadium(II) chloride">VCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium(III)_chloride" title="Vanadium(III) chloride">VCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium_tetrachloride" title="Vanadium tetrachloride">VCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium(V)_chloride" title="Vanadium(V) chloride">VCl5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_chloride" title="Chromium(II) chloride">CrCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_chloride" title="Chromium(III) chloride">CrCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_chloride" title="Chromium(IV) chloride">CrCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_chloride" title="Manganese(II) chloride">MnCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_chloride" title="Manganese(III) chloride">MnCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_chloride" title="Iron(II) chloride">FeCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_chloride" title="Iron(III) chloride">FeCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_chloride" title="Cobalt(II) chloride">CoCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Cobalt(III)_chloride" title="Cobalt(III) chloride">CoCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_chloride" title="Nickel(II) chloride">NiCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_chloride" title="Copper(I) chloride">CuCl</a> <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_chloride" title="Copper(II) chloride">CuCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_chloride" title="Zinc chloride">ZnCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_monochloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallium monochloride (page does not exist)">GaCl</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium trichloride">GaCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanium_dichloride" title="Germanium dichloride">GeCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Germanium_tetrachloride" title="Germanium tetrachloride">GeCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trichloride" title="Arsenic trichloride">AsCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_pentachloride" title="Arsenic pentachloride">AsCl5</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsenide_chloride" title="Arsenide chloride">+As</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenium_monochloride" title="Selenium monochloride">Se2Cl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Selenium_dichloride" title="Selenium dichloride">SeCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Selenium_tetrachloride" title="Selenium tetrachloride">SeCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine_monochloride" title="Bromine monochloride">BrCl</a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_chloride" title="Rubidium chloride">RbCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_chloride" title="Strontium chloride">SrCl2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium(III)_chloride" title="Yttrium(III) chloride">YCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium(II)_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium(II) chloride">ZrCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium(III)_chloride" title="Zirconium(III) chloride">ZrCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium(IV)_chloride" title="Zirconium(IV) chloride">ZrCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium(III)_chloride" title="Niobium(III) chloride">NbCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Niobium(IV)_chloride" title="Niobium(IV) chloride">NbCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Niobium(V)_chloride" title="Niobium(V) chloride">NbCl5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(II)_chloride" title="Molybdenum(II) chloride">MoCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(III)_chloride" title="Molybdenum(III) chloride">MoCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_tetrachloride" title="Molybdenum tetrachloride">MoCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(V)_chloride" title="Molybdenum(V) chloride">MoCl5</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(VI)_chloride" title="Molybdenum(VI) chloride">MoCl6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Technetium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium trichloride">TcCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_chloride" title="Technetium(IV) chloride">TcCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(II)_chloride" title="Ruthenium(II) chloride">RuCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(III)_chloride" title="Ruthenium(III) chloride">RuCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_tetrachloride" title="Ruthenium tetrachloride">RuCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_chloride" title="Rhodium(III) chloride">RhCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_chloride" title="Palladium(II) chloride">PdCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_chloride" title="Silver chloride">AgCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_chloride" title="Cadmium chloride">CdCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium(I)_chloride" title="Indium(I) chloride">InCl</a> <a href="/wiki/Indium(II)_chloride" title="Indium(II) chloride">InCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_chloride" title="Indium(III) chloride">InCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_chloride" title="Tin(II) chloride">SnCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_chloride" title="Tin(IV) chloride">SnCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony_trichloride" title="Antimony trichloride">SbCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Antimony_pentachloride" title="Antimony pentachloride">SbCl5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tritellurium_dichloride" title="Tritellurium dichloride">Te3Cl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tellurium_dichloride" title="Tellurium dichloride">TeCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tellurium_tetrachloride" title="Tellurium tetrachloride">TeCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monochloride" title="Iodine monochloride">ICl</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_trichloride" title="Iodine trichloride">ICl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon_monochloride" title="Xenon monochloride">XeCl</a> <a href="/wiki/Xenon_dichloride" title="Xenon dichloride">XeCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Xenon_tetrachloride" title="Xenon tetrachloride">XeCl4</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_chloride" title="Caesium chloride">CsCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_chloride" title="Barium chloride">BaCl2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_chloride" title="Lutetium(III) chloride">LuCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium_tetrachloride" title="Hafnium tetrachloride">HfCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalum(III)_chloride" title="Tantalum(III) chloride">TaCl3</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum(IV)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum(IV) chloride (page does not exist)">TaCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Tantalum(V)_chloride" title="Tantalum(V) chloride">TaCl5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(II)_chloride" title="Tungsten(II) chloride">WCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten(III)_chloride" title="Tungsten(III) chloride">WCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten(IV)_chloride" title="Tungsten(IV) chloride">WCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten(V)_chloride" title="Tungsten(V) chloride">WCl5</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten_hexachloride" title="Tungsten hexachloride">WCl6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(III)_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium(III) chloride">ReCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium(IV)_chloride" title="Rhenium(IV) chloride">ReCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium_pentachloride" title="Rhenium pentachloride">ReCl5</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium(VI)_chloride" title="Rhenium(VI) chloride">ReCl6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmium(II)_chloride" title="Osmium(II) chloride">OsCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Osmium(III)_chloride" title="Osmium(III) chloride">OsCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Osmium(IV)_chloride" title="Osmium(IV) chloride">OsCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Osmium(V)_chloride" title="Osmium(V) chloride">OsCl5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium(II)_chloride" title="Iridium(II) chloride">IrCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Iridium(III)_chloride" title="Iridium(III) chloride">IrCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Iridium_tetrachloride" title="Iridium tetrachloride">IrCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Platinum(II)_chloride" title="Platinum(II) chloride">PtCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Platinum(IV)_chloride" title="Platinum(IV) chloride">PtCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gold(I)_chloride" title="Gold(I) chloride">AuCl</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold(I,III)_chloride" title="Gold(I,III) chloride">(Au[AuCl4])2</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold(III)_chloride" title="Gold(III) chloride">AuCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_chloride" title="Mercury(I) chloride">Hg2Cl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_chloride" title="Mercury(II) chloride">HgCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_chloride" title="Thallium(I) chloride">TlCl</a> <a href="/wiki/Thallium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium trichloride">TlCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_chloride" title="Lead(II) chloride">PbCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Lead(IV)_chloride" title="Lead(IV) chloride">PbCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_chloride" title="Bismuth chloride">BiCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polonium_dichloride" title="Polonium dichloride">PoCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Polonium_tetrachloride" title="Polonium tetrachloride">PoCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astatine_monochloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine monochloride">AtCl</a> </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Francium_chloride" title="Francium chloride">FrCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_chloride" title="Radium chloride">RaCl2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">** </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium#Chemical" title="Lawrencium">LrCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium#Experimental_chemistry" title="Rutherfordium">RfCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dubnium#Experimental_chemistry" title="Dubnium">DbCl5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium#Experimental_chemistry" title="Seaborgium">SgO2Cl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bohrium#Experimental_chemistry" title="Bohrium">BhO3Cl</a> </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="20">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_chloride" title="Lanthanum(III) chloride">LaCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_chloride" title="Cerium(III) chloride">CeCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_chloride" title="Praseodymium(III) chloride">PrCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(II)_chloride" title="Neodymium(II) chloride">NdCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_chloride" title="Neodymium(III) chloride">NdCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_chloride" title="Promethium(III) chloride">PmCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(II)_chloride" title="Samarium(II) chloride">SmCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_chloride" title="Samarium(III) chloride">SmCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium_dichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium dichloride">EuCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_chloride" title="Europium(III) chloride">EuCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_chloride" title="Gadolinium(III) chloride">GdCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_chloride" title="Terbium(III) chloride">TbCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(II)_chloride" title="Dysprosium(II) chloride">DyCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_chloride" title="Dysprosium(III) chloride">DyCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_chloride" title="Holmium(III) chloride">HoCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_chloride" title="Erbium(III) chloride">ErCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium(II)_chloride" title="Thulium(II) chloride">TmCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_chloride" title="Thulium(III) chloride">TmCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(II)_chloride" title="Ytterbium(II) chloride">YbCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_chloride" title="Ytterbium(III) chloride">YbCl3</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">** </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_chloride" title="Actinium(III) chloride">AcCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium(III)_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium(III) chloride">ThCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Thorium(IV)_chloride" title="Thorium(IV) chloride">ThCl4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(IV)_chloride" title="Protactinium(IV) chloride">PaCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Protactinium(V)_chloride" title="Protactinium(V) chloride">PaCl5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium(III)_chloride" title="Uranium(III) chloride">UCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranium_tetrachloride" title="Uranium tetrachloride">UCl4</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranium_pentachloride" title="Uranium pentachloride">UCl5</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranium_hexachloride" title="Uranium hexachloride">UCl6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(III)_chloride" title="Neptunium(III) chloride">NpCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(III)_chloride" title="Plutonium(III) chloride">PuCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium(II)_chloride" title="Americium(II) chloride">AmCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_chloride" title="Americium(III) chloride">AmCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium(III)_chloride" title="Curium(III) chloride">CmCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(III)_chloride" title="Berkelium(III) chloride">BkCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium(III)_chloride" title="Californium(III) chloride">CfCl3</a> <a href="/wiki/Californium_dichloride" title="Californium dichloride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CfCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(II)_chloride" title="Einsteinium(II) chloride">EsCl2</a> <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(III)_chloride" title="Einsteinium(III) chloride">EsCl3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fermium#Chemistry" title="Fermium">FmCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium#Chemical" title="Mendelevium">MdCl2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobelium#Chemical" title="Nobelium">NoCl2</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_bromide_ion" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bromides" title="Template:Bromides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bromides" title="Template talk:Bromides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bromides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bromides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_bromide_ion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/Bromide" title="Bromide">bromide</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bromide" title="Hydrogen bromide">HBr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_bromide" title="Lithium bromide">LiBr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_bromide" title="Beryllium bromide">BeBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boron_tribromide" title="Boron tribromide">BBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Borate_bromide" title="Borate bromide">+BO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetrabromide" title="Carbon tetrabromide">CBr4</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbide_bromide" title="Carbide bromide">+C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_tribromide" title="Nitrogen tribromide">NBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromine_azide" title="Bromine azide">BrN3</a> <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_bromide" title="Ammonium bromide">NH4Br</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrosyl_bromide" title="Nitrosyl bromide">NOBr</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitride_bromide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitride bromide (page does not exist)">+N</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dibromine_monoxide" title="Dibromine monoxide">Br2O</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromine_dioxide" title="Bromine dioxide">BrO2</a> <a href="/wiki/Dibromine_trioxide" title="Dibromine trioxide">Br2O3</a> <a href="/wiki/Dibromine_pentoxide" title="Dibromine pentoxide">Br2O5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine_monofluoride" title="Bromine monofluoride">BrF</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromine_trifluoride" title="Bromine trifluoride">BrF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromine_pentafluoride" title="Bromine pentafluoride">BrF5</a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bromide" title="Sodium bromide">NaBr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_bromide" title="Magnesium bromide">MgBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monobromide" title="Aluminium monobromide">AlBr</a> <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_bromide" title="Aluminium bromide">AlBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetrabromide" title="Silicon tetrabromide">SiBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_tribromide" title="Phosphorus tribromide">PBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_pentabromide" title="Phosphorus pentabromide">PBr5</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_heptabromide" title="Phosphorus heptabromide">PBr7</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphide_bromide" title="Phosphide bromide">+P</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disulfur_dibromide" title="Disulfur dibromide">S2Br2</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dibromide" title="Sulfur dibromide">SBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine_monochloride" title="Bromine monochloride">BrCl</a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bromide" title="Potassium bromide">KBr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_bromide" title="Calcium bromide">CaBr2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_bromide" title="Scandium bromide">ScBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium(II)_bromide" title="Titanium(II) bromide">TiBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Titanium(III)_bromide" title="Titanium(III) bromide">TiBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Titanium_tetrabromide" title="Titanium tetrabromide">TiBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(II)_bromide" title="Vanadium(II) bromide">VBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium(III)_bromide" title="Vanadium(III) bromide">VBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_bromide" title="Chromium(II) bromide">CrBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_bromide" title="Chromium(III) bromide">CrBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_bromide" title="Chromium(IV) bromide">CrBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_bromide" title="Manganese(II) bromide">MnBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_bromide" title="Iron(II) bromide">FeBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_bromide" title="Iron(III) bromide">FeBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_bromide" title="Cobalt(II) bromide">CoBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_bromide" title="Nickel(II) bromide">NiBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetrabromonickelate" title="Tetrabromonickelate">NiBr42−</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_bromide" title="Copper(I) bromide">CuBr</a> <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_bromide" title="Copper(II) bromide">CuBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_bromide" title="Zinc bromide">ZnBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_bromide" title="Gallium(III) bromide">GaBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanium_dibromide" title="Germanium dibromide">GeBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Germanium_tetrabromide" title="Germanium tetrabromide">GeBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_tribromide" title="Arsenic tribromide">AsBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsenide_bromide" title="Arsenide bromide">+As</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsenite_bromides" title="Arsenite bromides">+AsO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenium_dibromide" title="Selenium dibromide">SeBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Selenium_tetrabromide" title="Selenium tetrabromide">SeBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br2</a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_bromide" title="Rubidium bromide">RbBr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_bromide" title="Strontium bromide">SrBr2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium(III)_bromide" title="Yttrium(III) bromide">YBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium_dibromide" title="Zirconium dibromide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">ZrBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium(III)_bromide" title="Zirconium(III) bromide">ZrBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium(IV)_bromide" title="Zirconium(IV) bromide">ZrBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium(V)_bromide" title="Niobium(V) bromide">NbBr5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(II)_bromide" title="Molybdenum(II) bromide">MoBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(III)_bromide" title="Molybdenum(III) bromide">MoBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(IV)_bromide" title="Molybdenum(IV) bromide">MoBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Technetium(III)_bromide" title="Technetium(III) bromide">TcBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_bromide" title="Technetium(IV) bromide">TcBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(III)_bromide" title="Ruthenium(III) bromide">RuBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_bromide" title="Rhodium(III) bromide">RhBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_bromide" title="Palladium(II) bromide">PdBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_bromide" title="Silver bromide">AgBr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_bromide" title="Cadmium bromide">CdBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium(I)_bromide" title="Indium(I) bromide">InBr</a> <a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_bromide" title="Indium(III) bromide">InBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_bromide" title="Tin(II) bromide">SnBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_bromide" title="Tin(IV) bromide">SnBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony_tribromide" title="Antimony tribromide">SbBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Antimonide_bromide" title="Antimonide bromide">+Sb</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromoantimonates" title="Bromoantimonates">-Sb</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ditellurium_bromide" title="Ditellurium bromide">Te2Br</a> <a href="/wiki/Tellurium_tetrabromide" title="Tellurium tetrabromide">TeBr4</a> <a href="/wiki/Telluride_bromide" title="Telluride bromide">+Te</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monobromide" title="Iodine monobromide">IBr</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_tribromide" title="Iodine tribromide">IBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon_dibromide" title="Xenon dibromide">XeBr2</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_bromide" title="Caesium bromide">CsBr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_bromide" title="Barium bromide">BaBr2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_bromide" title="Lutetium(III) bromide">LuBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium_tetrabromide" title="Hafnium tetrabromide">HfBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalum(V)_bromide" title="Tantalum(V) bromide">TaBr5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(V)_bromide" title="Tungsten(V) bromide">WBr5</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten_hexabromide" title="Tungsten hexabromide">WBr6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(III)_bromide" title="Rhenium(III) bromide">ReBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmium(III)_bromide" title="Osmium(III) bromide">OsBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Osmium_tetrabromide" title="Osmium tetrabromide">OsBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium(III)_bromide" title="Iridium(III) bromide">IrBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Iridium_tetrabromide" title="Iridium tetrabromide">IrBr 4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Platinum(II)_bromide" title="Platinum(II) bromide">PtBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Platinum(IV)_bromide" title="Platinum(IV) bromide">PtBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gold(I)_bromide" title="Gold(I) bromide">AuBr</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold(III)_bromide" title="Gold(III) bromide">AuBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_bromide" title="Mercury(I) bromide">Hg2Br2</a> <a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_bromide" title="Mercury(II) bromide">HgBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_bromide" title="Thallium(I) bromide">TlBr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_bromide" title="Lead(II) bromide">PbBr2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_tribromide" title="Bismuth tribromide">BiBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polonium_dibromide" title="Polonium dibromide">PoBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Polonium_tetrabromide" title="Polonium tetrabromide">PoBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astatine_bromide" title="Astatine bromide">AtBr</a> </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Francium_bromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium bromide">FrBr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_bromide" title="Radium bromide">RaBr2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">** </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="20">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_bromide" title="Lanthanum(III) bromide">LaBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_bromide" title="Cerium(III) bromide">CeBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_bromide" title="Praseodymium(III) bromide">PrBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(II)_bromide" title="Neodymium(II) bromide">NdBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_bromide" title="Neodymium(III) bromide">NdBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_bromide" title="Promethium(III) bromide">PmBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(II)_bromide" title="Samarium(II) bromide">SmBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_bromide" title="Samarium(III) bromide">SmBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium(II)_bromide" title="Europium(II) bromide">EuBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_bromide" title="Europium(III) bromide">EuBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_bromide" title="Gadolinium(III) bromide">GdBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_bromide" title="Terbium(III) bromide">TbBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_bromide" title="Dysprosium(III) bromide">DyBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_bromide" title="Holmium(III) bromide">HoBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_bromide" title="Erbium(III) bromide">ErBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium_dibromide" title="Thulium dibromide">TmBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_bromide" title="Thulium(III) bromide">TmBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(II)_bromide" title="Ytterbium(II) bromide">YbBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_bromide" title="Ytterbium(III) bromide">YbBr3</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">** </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_bromide" title="Actinium(III) bromide">AcBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium(IV)_bromide" title="Thorium(IV) bromide">ThBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(IV)_bromide" title="Protactinium(IV) bromide">PaBr4</a> <a href="/wiki/Protactinium(V)_bromide" title="Protactinium(V) bromide">PaBr5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium_tetrabromide" title="Uranium tetrabromide">UBr4</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranium_pentabromide" title="Uranium pentabromide">UBr5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(III)_bromide" title="Neptunium(III) bromide">NpBr3</a> <a href="/wiki/Neptunium(IV)_bromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium(IV) bromide">NpBr4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(III)_bromide" title="Plutonium(III) bromide">PuBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium(II)_bromide" title="Americium(II) bromide">AmBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_bromide" title="Americium(III) bromide">AmBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium(III)_bromide" title="Curium(III) bromide">CmBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(III)_bromide" title="Berkelium(III) bromide">BkBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium(III)_bromide" title="Californium(III) bromide">CfBr3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(II)_bromide" title="Einsteinium(II) bromide">EsBr2</a> <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(III)_bromide" title="Einsteinium(III) bromide">EsBr3</a> </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_iodide_ion" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iodides" title="Template:Iodides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iodides" title="Template talk:Iodides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iodides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iodides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_iodide_ion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">iodide</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide" title="Hydrogen iodide">HI</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodide_hydride" title="Iodide hydride">+H</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td colspan="11" rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_iodide" title="Lithium iodide">LiI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_iodide" title="Beryllium iodide">BeI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boron_triiodide" title="Boron triiodide">BI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Borate_iodide" title="Borate iodide">+BO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetraiodide" title="Carbon tetraiodide">CI4</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbide_iodide" title="Carbide iodide">+C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_triiodide" title="Nitrogen triiodide">NI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_iodide" title="Ammonium iodide">NH4I</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitride_iodide" title="Nitride iodide">+N</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_oxide" title="Iodine oxide">I2O4</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_pentoxide" title="Iodine pentoxide">I2O5</a> <a href="/wiki/Diiodine_hexaoxide" title="Diiodine hexaoxide">I2O6</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetraiodine_nonoxide" title="Tetraiodine nonoxide">I4O9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monofluoride" title="Iodine monofluoride">IF</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_trifluoride" title="Iodine trifluoride">IF3</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_pentafluoride" title="Iodine pentafluoride">IF5</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_heptafluoride" title="Iodine heptafluoride">IF7</a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">NaI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_iodide" title="Magnesium iodide">MgI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monoiodide" title="Aluminium monoiodide">AlI</a> <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_iodide" title="Aluminium iodide">AlI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetraiodide" title="Silicon tetraiodide">SiI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_triiodide" title="Phosphorus triiodide">PI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Diphosphorus_tetraiodide" title="Diphosphorus tetraiodide">P2I4</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphide_iodide" title="Phosphide iodide">+P</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_pentaiodide" title="Phosphorus pentaiodide">PI5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disulfur_diiodide" title="Disulfur diiodide">S2I2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monochloride" title="Iodine monochloride">ICl</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_trichloride" title="Iodine trichloride">ICl3</a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">KI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_iodide" title="Calcium iodide">CaI2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_triiodide" title="Scandium triiodide">ScI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium(II)_iodide" title="Titanium(II) iodide">TiI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Titanium(III)_iodide" title="Titanium(III) iodide">TiI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Titanium_tetraiodide" title="Titanium tetraiodide">TiI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(II)_iodide" title="Vanadium(II) iodide">VI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium(III)_iodide" title="Vanadium(III) iodide">VI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_iodide" title="Chromium(II) iodide">CrI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_iodide" title="Chromium(III) iodide">CrI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium(IV) iodide">CrI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_iodide" title="Manganese(II) iodide">MnI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_iodide" title="Iron(II) iodide">FeI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_iodide" title="Iron(III) iodide">FeI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_iodide" title="Cobalt(II) iodide">CoI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_iodide" title="Nickel(II) iodide">NiI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetraiodonickelate" title="Tetraiodonickelate">-Ni</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_iodide" title="Copper(I) iodide">CuI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_iodide" title="Zinc iodide">ZnI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gallium_monoiodide" title="Gallium monoiodide">GaI</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_iodide" title="Gallium(III) iodide">GaI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanium_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium iodide">GeI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Germanium_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium iodide">GeI4</a> <a href="/wiki/Germanide_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanide iodide">+Ge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_triiodide" title="Arsenic triiodide">AsI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Diarsenic_tetraiodide" title="Diarsenic tetraiodide">As2I4</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsenide_iodide" title="Arsenide iodide">+As</a> </td> <td>Se </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monobromide" title="Iodine monobromide">IBr</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine_tribromide" title="Iodine tribromide">IBr3</a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_iodide" title="Rubidium iodide">RbI</a> <a href="/wiki/Rubidium_triiodide" title="Rubidium triiodide">RbI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_iodide" title="Strontium iodide">SrI2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium_iodide" title="Yttrium iodide">YI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium(II)_iodide" title="Zirconium(II) iodide">ZrI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium(III)_iodide" title="Zirconium(III) iodide">ZrI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium(IV)_iodide" title="Zirconium(IV) iodide">ZrI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium(IV)_iodide" title="Niobium(IV) iodide">NbI4</a> <a href="/wiki/Niobium_pentaiodide" title="Niobium pentaiodide">NbI5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(II)_iodide" title="Molybdenum(II) iodide">MoI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(III)_iodide" title="Molybdenum(III) iodide">MoI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Technetium(III)_iodide" title="Technetium(III) iodide">TcI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(III)_iodide" title="Ruthenium(III) iodide">RuI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_iodide" title="Rhodium(III) iodide">RhI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_iodide" title="Palladium(II) iodide">PdI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_iodide" title="Silver iodide">AgI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_iodide" title="Cadmium iodide">CdI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium(I)_iodide" title="Indium(I) iodide">InI</a> <a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_iodide" title="Indium(III) iodide">InI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_iodide" title="Tin(II) iodide">SnI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_iodide" title="Tin(IV) iodide">SnI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony_triiodide" title="Antimony triiodide">SbI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Antimonide_iodide" title="Antimonide iodide">+Sb</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tellurium_tetraiodide" title="Tellurium tetraiodide">TeI4</a> <a href="/wiki/Telluride_iodide" title="Telluride iodide">+Te</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">I−</a> <a href="/wiki/Triiodide" title="Triiodide">I− 3</a> </td> <td>Xe </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_iodide" title="Caesium iodide">CsI</a> <a href="/wiki/Caesium_triiodide" title="Caesium triiodide">CsI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_iodide" title="Barium iodide">BaI2</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_iodide" title="Lutetium(III) iodide">LuI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium(III)_iodide" title="Hafnium(III) iodide">HfI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Hafnium(IV)_iodide" title="Hafnium(IV) iodide">HfI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalum(IV)_iodide" title="Tantalum(IV) iodide">TaI4</a> <a href="/wiki/Tantalum(V)_iodide" title="Tantalum(V) iodide">TaI5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(II)_iodide" title="Tungsten(II) iodide">WI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten(III)_iodide" title="Tungsten(III) iodide">WI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten(IV)_iodide" title="Tungsten(IV) iodide">WI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(III)_iodide" title="Rhenium(III) iodide">ReI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium_tetraiodide" title="Rhenium tetraiodide">ReI 4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmium_iodides" title="Osmium iodides">OsI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><a href="/wiki/Osmium_iodides" title="Osmium iodides">OsI2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><a href="/wiki/Osmium_iodides" title="Osmium iodides">OsI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium(III)_iodide" title="Iridium(III) iodide">IrI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Iridium_tetraiodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium tetraiodide">IrI 4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Platinum(II)_iodide" title="Platinum(II) iodide">PtI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Platinum(IV)_iodide" title="Platinum(IV) iodide">PtI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gold_monoiodide" title="Gold monoiodide">AuI</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold(III)_iodide" title="Gold(III) iodide">AuI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_iodide" title="Mercury(I) iodide">Hg2I2</a> <a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_iodide" title="Mercury(II) iodide">HgI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_iodide" title="Thallium(I) iodide">TlI</a> <a href="/wiki/Thallium_triiodide" title="Thallium triiodide">TlI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_iodide" title="Lead(II) iodide">PbI2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_iodide" title="Bismuth(III) iodide">BiI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polonium_diiodide" title="Polonium diiodide">PoI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Polonium_tetraiodide" title="Polonium tetraiodide">PoI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astatine_iodide" title="Astatine iodide">AtI</a> </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td>Fr </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_iodide" title="Radium iodide">RaI2</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">↓ </td> <td colspan="14" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_diiodide" title="Lanthanum diiodide">LaI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_iodide" title="Lanthanum(III) iodide">LaI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium_diiodide" title="Cerium diiodide">CeI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_iodide" title="Cerium(III) iodide">CeI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(II)_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium(II) iodide">PrI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_iodide" title="Praseodymium(III) iodide">PrI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(II)_iodide" title="Neodymium(II) iodide">NdI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_iodide" title="Neodymium(III) iodide">NdI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_iodide" title="Promethium(III) iodide">PmI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(II)_iodide" title="Samarium(II) iodide">SmI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_iodide" title="Samarium(III) iodide">SmI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium(II)_iodide" title="Europium(II) iodide">EuI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_iodide" title="Europium(III) iodide">EuI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium_diiodide" title="Gadolinium diiodide">GdI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_iodide" title="Gadolinium(III) iodide">GdI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_iodide" title="Terbium(III) iodide">TbI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(II)_iodide" title="Dysprosium(II) iodide">DyI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_iodide" title="Dysprosium(III) iodide">DyI 3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_iodide" title="Holmium(III) iodide">HoI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_iodide" title="Erbium(III) iodide">ErI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium(II)_iodide" title="Thulium(II) iodide">TmI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_iodide" title="Thulium(III) iodide">TmI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(II)_iodide" title="Ytterbium(II) iodide">YbI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_iodide" title="Ytterbium(III) iodide">YbI3</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_iodide" title="Actinium(III) iodide">AcI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium_diiodide" title="Thorium diiodide">ThI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Thorium_triiodide" title="Thorium triiodide">ThI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Thorium(IV)_iodide" title="Thorium(IV) iodide">ThI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(IV)_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium(IV) iodide">PaI4</a> <a href="/wiki/Protactinium(V)_iodide" title="Protactinium(V) iodide">PaI5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium(III)_iodide" title="Uranium(III) iodide">UI3</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranium(IV)_iodide" title="Uranium(IV) iodide">UI4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(III)_iodide" title="Neptunium(III) iodide">NpI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(III)_iodide" title="Plutonium(III) iodide">PuI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium(II)_iodide" title="Americium(II) iodide">AmI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_iodide" title="Americium(III) iodide">AmI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium(III)_iodide" title="Curium(III) iodide">CmI3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(III)_iodide" title="Berkelium(III) iodide">BkI 3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium(II)_iodide" title="Californium(II) iodide">CfI 2</a> <a href="/wiki/Californium(III)_iodide" title="Californium(III) iodide">CfI 3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(II)_iodide" title="Einsteinium(II) iodide">EsI2</a> <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(III)_iodide" title="Einsteinium(III) iodide">EsI3</a> </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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Template:Element_cell/navbox"," 8.28% 144.652 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.09% 141.373 1 Template:Infobox_periodic_table_group/header"," 7.86% 137.279 151 Template:Element_color"," 7.61% 132.966 1 Template:Navbox_periodic_table"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.859","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11819548,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBall2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergeronCastlemanMorisatoKhanna2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergeronRoachCastlemanJones2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerzelius1826\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonchevKamenska1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmsley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFawell\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFawellBaileyChiltonDahi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiriBeheraJena2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGribble2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJim_Clark2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJim_Clark2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLide,_D._R.2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorssEdelsteinFuger2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOganessianAbdullinBaileyBenker2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRotheAndreyevAntalicBorschevsky2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaxena2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchweigger1811\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlater1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnelders1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWieserCoplen2011\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"=\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bromides\"] = 1,\n [\"Chem\"] = 3,\n [\"Chlorides\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 20,\n [\"Cn\"] = 1,\n [\"Dictionary.com\"] = 1,\n [\"Element cell image\"] = 6,\n [\"Element color\"] = 6,\n [\"Fluorides\"] = 1,\n [\"Greenwood\u0026Earnshaw2nd\"] = 1,\n [\"Halogens\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox periodic table group/header\"] = 1,\n [\"Iodides\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Math\"] = 13,\n [\"MerriamWebsterDictionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Mvar\"] = 1,\n [\"Navbox periodic table\"] = 1,\n [\"Not a typo\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Periodic table (navbox)\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Su\"] = 1,\n [\"Toclimit\"] = 1,\n [\"Val\"] = 4,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6lc9b","timestamp":"20241122140400","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Halogen","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halogen","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19605","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19605","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-03-10T17:59:31Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T17:27:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/91\/Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg","headline":"group of chemical elements in column 17 of the periodic table"}</script> </body> </html>