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ds2-5-body-sm">2011</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 34345199; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=34345199"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // 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La justicia, siguiendo la sugerente analogia de John Rawls, es a las instituciones publicas lo que la verdad a los sistemas de pensamiento:' asi como el objetivo de toda investigacion (cientifica o filosófica) es la verdad, la justicia es el patrón que orienta el diseño de las instituciones sociales, Una sociedad cumple su función, entre otras circunstancias, cuando es justa. Por otro lado, el recurso a la argumentación es un requisito indispensable en una sociedad democrática. Tanto en la democracia directa ateniense como en la representativa liberal, la capacidad de los ciudadanos de defender sus intereses, personalmente o por medio de sus representantes, implica la necesidad de argumentar a favor de las propias convicciones con medios persuasivos en vez de recurrir a la imposición o a la violencia.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Justicia y argumentación pública","attachmentId":64604879,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44234757/Justicia_y_argumentaci%C3%B3n_p%C3%BAblica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44234757/Justicia_y_argumentaci%C3%B3n_p%C3%BAblica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="99086828" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99086828/Discusi%C3%B3n_actual_sobre_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n">Discusión actual sobre la argumentación</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12957941" href="https://unam1.academia.edu/GilbertoGim%C3%A9nez">Gilberto Giménez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">México Si el propósito de argumentar es orientar al interlocutor hacia ciertas conclusiones y apartarlo de otras, el estudio de la argumentación comprenderá, además de la consideración de los procesos lógicos del razonamiento, el análisis de las operaciones discursivas que constituyen y valoran al objeto. Así, en las últimas décadas se han propuesto estructuras que incluyen más elementos que aquellos contemplados en los silogismos. Además, se han desarrollado líneas de investigación sobre distintas técnicas y estrategias argumentativas. Se reseñan y ejemplifican aquí las posiciones principales y algunas observaciones críticas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Discusión actual sobre la argumentación","attachmentId":100267029,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99086828/Discusi%C3%B3n_actual_sobre_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99086828/Discusi%C3%B3n_actual_sobre_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="88084468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88084468/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n_Nociones_generales">La argumentación : Nociones generales</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="172949005" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RosanaPascual2">Rosana Pascual</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Se caracteriza la argumentación a partir de la consideración del plano enunciativo (marcas propias del aspecto comunicativo, temporalidad) y de su dimensión perlocutiva (objetivos, efectos últimos). El estudio de la dimensión argumentativa de un discurso puede tornarse aún más interesante cuando se abordan tipologías textuales concebidas comúnmente como neutras, tales como ciertas exposiciones o narraciones, en el sentido en que el emisor y su mundo ideológico están ausentes. Siguiendo a Vignaux, se define el discurso argumentativo como un conjunto de estrategias cuya finalidad es buscar persuadir y cuya naturaleza se opone a las evidencias. El dominio de los argumentos es lo probable, lo verosímil aristotélico, y no lo verdadero, entendiendo por verdadero aquello que puede someterse a demostración a través de algún tipo de evidencia. Lo verosímil admite contrarios, tiene que ver con las certidumbres humanas, no con las científicas. Así delimitado, son pocos los textos que obvian lo...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"La argumentación : Nociones generales","attachmentId":92129897,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88084468/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n_Nociones_generales","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88084468/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n_Nociones_generales"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="4199407" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4199407/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n">La argumentación</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1258267" href="https://uam-xochimilco.academia.edu/SilviaGutierrez">Silvia Gutierrez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Argumentos, 1989</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">S egun Portine, el discurso desempena, en el plano de la comunicacion, tres funciones principales: la informativa, la expresiva y la argumentativa. La primera implica reducir el margen de incertidumbre del interlocutor con respecto a algun campo referencial. La segunda es implicita o explicitamente reveladora del sujeto de enunciacion. La tercera esquematiza la realidad con vistas a una intervencion sobre el auditorio.' Es especificamente esta tercera funcion la que describiremos en este articulo.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"La argumentación","attachmentId":31694001,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4199407/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4199407/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="19200247" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19200247/De_la_argumentacion">De la argumentacion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39418435" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlmosAlexander">Alexander Olmos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Lo que llamamos argumentación y argumento no es un objeto definido del conocimiento, sino un amplio espectro de posibilidades. De hecho, tampoco se trata de una gama de objetos, en el sentido de entidades estáticas. Los argumentos pueden ser vistos con más propiedad como actividades humanas, crecimientos específicos, y si bien habrá en ellos ciertos elementos, rasgos y relaciones parcialmente en común, no comparten nada esencial que deba elucidarse con insistencia. El intento de reducirlos todos a un común denominador sólo deforma la realidad y produce gran confusión y alienación. Por otro lado, los intentos esquemáticos, los modelos, los principios explicativos, deben también ser tomados con cautela: como veremos, son ópticas apropiadas para ciertos fenómenos argumentales, otros no. En forma general, en la expresión "teoría de la argumentación", el término "teoría" debe leerse en primer lugar en el sentido descriptivo. No se trata de una teoría explicativa de la argumentación, sino de un dar cuenta de diversos aspectos y fenómenos en torno a esa variedad inagotable que son las prácticas argumentales.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"De la argumentacion","attachmentId":40486741,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19200247/De_la_argumentacion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19200247/De_la_argumentacion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="41371568" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41371568/Los_usos_de_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n">Los usos de la argumentación</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46449429" href="https://tecnoeducativa.academia.edu/RichardSosa">Ríchard Sosa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Toulmin, S. (2007). Los usos de la argumentación. Traducción de María Morrás y Victoria Pineda. (1° era Ed.). Barcelona: Editorial Península. Pp.330. La argumentación es sin duda alguna uno de los conceptos teóricos que mayor debate y controversia ha causado por lo menos en las últimas dos décadas. Este vocablo cuenta con cientos de definiciones y por lo general, todas convergen en convencer, manipular e influir en los interlocutores del proceso comunicativo (Fraca, En este sentido, autores foráneos como Stephen Toulmin han abordado la disciplina argumentativa a través de sus obras. Este prosista nace en Londres el año 1922. Es un matemático con PHD en filosofía de la Universidad de Cambridge. Entre sus trabajos con mayor reconocimiento y difusión se encuentran Los usos de la argumentación (1958), en el cual establece un modelo de argumentación que consta de seis partes y se aborda en el presente trabajo. Este modelo se amplía en Una introducción al razonamiento (1979). También escribe una obra intitulada Los abusos de la casuística (1988) para estudiar el fenómeno de este tipo de argumentación. En el caso del texto que nos ocupa, Los usos de la argumentación, se atiende de manera pertinente la necesidad de clarificar los usos asignados a la argumentación. Su obra versa sobre un estudio minucioso del objeto de estudio de esta disciplina desde la mirada filosófica propuesta por el autor. Para ello, la obra se encuentra estructurada en cinco capítulos además del prólogo, introducción, conclusión, referencias e índice onomástico. En el primer capítulo se abordan los campos a los que se circunscribe la argumentación y los denominados términos modales; en el segundo se plantean las probabilidades; en el tercero se revisan las formas de los argumentos; en el cuarto, se desarrollan la lógica operativa y</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Los usos de la argumentación","attachmentId":61569484,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41371568/Los_usos_de_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41371568/Los_usos_de_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="55599509" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55599509/Esfera_p%C3%BAblica_y_opin%C3%B3n_p%C3%BAblica">Esfera pública y opinón pública</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75420474" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PedroPosadaG%C3%B3mez">Pedro Posada Gómez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista Boletín Redipe</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">La “opinión pública” habla mucho y da mucho de qué hablar. Sin embargo, el “sujeto” que aquí habla es difícil de precisar. ¿Qué o quién es la opinión pública? ¿Es un sujeto colectivo o muchos sujetos hablando detrás de una máscara común? ¿Cómo se construyó el concepto de opinión pública? ¿Quién puede hablar a nombre de la opinión pública? ¿Conducirla, engañarla, instrumentalizarla? Para abordar estas preguntas, seguiremos el estudio de J. Habermas: Historia y crítica de la opinión pública (La transformación estructural de la vida pública). Bajo esta guía haré: (1) una síntesis apretada de la reconstrucción habermasiana del proceso histórico en el cual se construye (se abre) el espacio público burgués, (2) abordaré el surgimiento de la prensa escrita y el paso de la opinión pública literaria a la opinión pública política, (3) en tercer lugar reseñaré el paso histórico del público lector al público consumidor de cultura; (4) por último, presento algunas reflexiones posteriores del au...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Esfera pública y opinón pública","attachmentId":71396321,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55599509/Esfera_p%C3%BAblica_y_opin%C3%B3n_p%C3%BAblica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55599509/Esfera_p%C3%BAblica_y_opin%C3%B3n_p%C3%BAblica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="5299711" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5299711/Las_claves_de_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n">Las claves de la argumentación</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7300659" href="https://uab.academia.edu/FSardansSerra">Ferran Sardans Serra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Libro que expresa las reglas de la argumentación Introducción ¿Por qué argumentar? Dar un argumento significa ofrecer un conjunto de razones o de pruebas en apoyo de una conclusión. Intentos de apoyar ciertas opiniones con razones. Los argumentos son esenciales. Hay que mostrar que opiniones son mejores que otras. Argumentar: Si tenemos una conclusión bien sustentada en razones, la explicamos y la defendemos con argumentos. Un buen argumento ofrece razones y pruebas, de tal manera que otras personas puedan formarse sus propias opiniones por sí mismas. No es un error tener opiniones. El error es no tener nada más (con qué sustentarlas).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Las claves de la argumentación","attachmentId":32467708,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5299711/Las_claves_de_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5299711/Las_claves_de_la_argumentaci%C3%B3n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="85681470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85681470/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n_en_el_nivel_medio_superior">La argumentación en el nivel medio superior</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2912165" href="https://ipn.academia.edu/MarthaGarc%C3%ADa">Martha García</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Resumen. El interés del presente trabajo es identificar y analizar los recursos explicativos y argumentativos que el alumno del nivel medio superior (cuarto semestre de la carrera de electrónica) emplea cuando enfrenta situaciones contextualizadas en el aula. El estudio centra su atención en las características que presenta la producción de razones para justificar sus afirmaciones durante la solución de la situación. Los hallazgos muestran la inclinación de los estudiantes por explicaciones descriptivas, mientras que los argumentos presentan elementos teóricos con concatenación parcial en sus razonamientos. Los registros y las transcripciones de las clases son analizados considerando un modelo particular de investigación cualitativa, la etnografía.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"La argumentación en el nivel medio superior","attachmentId":90305534,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85681470/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n_en_el_nivel_medio_superior","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85681470/La_argumentaci%C3%B3n_en_el_nivel_medio_superior"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="76114951" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76114951/Jueces_y_argumentaci%C3%B3n">Jueces y argumentación</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89180736" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdwinFigueroa16">Edwin Figueroa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista Oficial del Poder Judicial. Órgano de Investigación de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República del Perú, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">La construcción de la argumentación de los jueces demanda una correlación de conceptos necesarios que identifica la teoría del derecho, la filosofía del derecho, los derechos fundamentales y las propuestas de las escuelas de la argumentación. El estudio que desarrollamos plantea a este respecto algunas reflexiones iniciales en el propósito de que la labor judicial de sostener razones pueda verse más fortalecida a partir de la identificación de conceptos matrices en relación con las ideas esbozadas</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Jueces y argumentación","attachmentId":83788012,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76114951/Jueces_y_argumentaci%C3%B3n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76114951/Jueces_y_argumentaci%C3%B3n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":54238475,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":54238475,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_54238475" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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