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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definiții" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definiții"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definiții</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definiții-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caracteristici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Caracteristici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caracteristici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concurență_indirectă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurență_indirectă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Concurență indirectă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurență_indirectă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concurență_potențială" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurență_potențială"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Concurență potențială</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurență_potențială-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instituții_de_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instituții_de_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Instituții de control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instituții_de_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Monopol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 86 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolie" title="Monopolie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Monopolie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="احتكار – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="احتكار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="احتكار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="احتكار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="একচেটীয়া বজাৰ – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="একচেটীয়া বজাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoliu" title="Monopoliu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Monopoliu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nhisar" title="İnhisar – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnhisar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манаполія – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манаполія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манаполія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манаполія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Монопол – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Монопол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuluh" title="Kuluh – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kuluh" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="একচেটিয়া বাজার – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="একচেটিয়া বাজার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoli" title="Monopoli – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monopoli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoli" title="Monopoli – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Monopoli" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%8E%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μονοπώλιο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μονοπώλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Monopoly" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolo" title="Monopolo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monopolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolio" title="Monopolio – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monopolio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolio" title="Monopolio – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Monopolio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انحصار – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انحصار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoli" title="Monopoli – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monopoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einahandil" title="Einahandil – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Einahandil" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopole" title="Monopole – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monopole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaplacht" title="Monaplacht – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Monaplacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolio" title="Monopolio – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Monopolio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="מונופול – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונופול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="एकाधिकार – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एकाधिकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monop%C3%B3lium" title="Monopólium – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Monopólium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0" title="Մենաշնորհ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մենաշնորհ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasar_monopoli" title="Pasar monopoli – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pasar monopoli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolo" title="Monopolo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Monopolo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einokun" title="Einokun – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Einokun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolio" title="Monopolio – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monopolio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E5%8D%A0" title="独占 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="独占" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მონოპოლია – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მონოპოლია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монополия – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Монополия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%A0%90" title="독점 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독점" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolium" title="Monopolium – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Monopolium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoli_(commerc)" title="Monopoli (commerc) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Monopoli (commerc)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolija" title="Monopolija – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Monopolija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopols" title="Monopols – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Monopols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampihimamba" title="Ampihimamba – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ampihimamba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Монопол – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монопол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85" title="Монопол эрх – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Монопол эрх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="एकाधिकार – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एकाधिकार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoli" title="Monopoli – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Monopoli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="एकाधिकार – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एकाधिकार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolie" title="Monopolie – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monopolie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monop%C3%B2li" title="Monopòli – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Monopòli" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਇਜਾਰੇਦਾਰੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਜਾਰੇਦਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انحصار – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انحصار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monop%C3%B3lio" title="Monopólio – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monopólio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монополия – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монополия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DA%AA%DA%BE%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="ھڪھٽي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھڪھٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monopoly" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol_ponuky" title="Monopol ponuky – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Monopol ponuky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoli" title="Monopoli – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Monopoli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Монопол – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монопол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Monopol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhodhisoko" title="Uhodhisoko – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhodhisoko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஏகபோகம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏகபோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="การผูกขาด – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การผูกขาด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolyo" title="Monopolyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Monopolyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekel" title="Tekel – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tekel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Монополія – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монополія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اجارہ داری – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اجارہ داری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoliya" title="Monopoliya – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Monopoliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n_(kinh_t%E1%BA%BF)" title="Độc quyền (kinh tế) – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độc quyền (kinh tế)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolyo" title="Monopolyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Monopolyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" title="垄断 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="垄断" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מאנאפאל – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנאפאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E5%8D%A0" title="独占 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="独占" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7" title="壟斷 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="壟斷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CC%8Dk-chi%C3%A0m" title="To̍k-chiàm – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="To̍k-chiàm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%AC%E6%93%8D" title="攬操 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="攬操" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43637#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Monopol" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Monopol&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Monopolul</b> reprezintă capacitatea unei entități de a decide, în mod majoritar, asupra altei entități, posibil contrar tendințelor entropice normale. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definiții"><span id="Defini.C8.9Bii"></span>Definiții</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Definiții" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Definiții"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Monopolul presupune referirea la o zonă geografică. Puterea de piață a monopolului poate fi maximă din considerentul că firma de monopol stabilește prețul produsului, iar acesta este un preț, cu siguranță, mai mare.</li> <li>Caracterizat prin oferta pentru un produs, monopolul este dominația unei singure firme, care se numește <b>monopolist</b> sau <b>firmă de monopol</b>.</li> <li>Produsul se numește <b>produs de monopol</b>.</li> <li>Monopolul este opus <a href="/wiki/Concuren%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Concurență">concurenței</a> (nu există concurență fiindcă nu există concurenți, nu există concurenți fiindcă există monopol pe piața respectivă). Există totuși anumite forme de concurență care fac ca firmele de monopol să practice o politică moderată de preț și să nu exploateze la maxim situația de monopol.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caracteristici">Caracteristici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Caracteristici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Caracteristici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un monopol are următoarele caracteristici: </p> <ul><li><i>Maximizatorul profitului</i>: maximizează profiturile.</li> <li><i>Producător de prețuri</i>: decide prețul bunului sau produsului care urmează să fie vândut, dar o face prin determinarea cantității pentru a cere prețul dorit de firmă.</li> <li><i>Bariere mari la intrare</i>: Alți vânzători nu pot intra pe piața monopolului.</li> <li><i>Vânzător unic</i>: într-un monopol, există un singur vânzător al bunului, care produce toată producția. Prin urmare, întreaga piață este deservită de o singură companie, iar în scopuri practice, compania este aceeași cu industria.</li> <li><i>Discriminarea prețurilor</i>: un monopolist poate modifica prețul sau cantitatea produsului. Vând cantități mai mari la un preț mai mic pe o piață foarte elastică și vând cantități mai mici la un preț mai mare pe o piață mai puțin elastică.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concurență_indirectă"><span id="Concuren.C8.9B.C4.83_indirect.C4.83"></span>Concurență indirectă</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Concurență indirectă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Concurență indirectă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dacă produsul de monopol nu este cerut pe piață, atunci vânzarea este nulă și puterea de monopol este nulă. </p><p>Mai există biroul de invenții unde ies tot felul de produse noi; acestea aparțin celui care le-a creat, deci acea persoană sau firmă, deține monopol asupra acelui produs. Însă există multe firme care inventează produse noi ori servicii și nu toate acestea ajung pe piață, ramânând la stadiu de prototip, sau în alt caz reușesc să le producă, dar în serii mici, asfel încât în aceste cazuri monopolul nu se poate exprima pe piață. </p><p>A avea monopol asupra unei piețe nu înseamnă succes asigurat, fiindcă trebuie să existe și cerere pe acea piață pentru respectivul produs sau serviciu monopolist. </p><p>Pentru ca o firmă de monopol să aibă cu adevărat putere monopolistă, aceasta nu trebuie să aibă în preajma ei alte firme substituiente, care să vândă produse ori servicii asemănătoare ori substituibile. </p><p>În analiza monopolului se ține cont și de elasticitatea prețului unui produs de monopol, în raport cu un alt produs substituibil acestuia. De exemplu nu ar trebui exagerat prețul unui produs de monopol, dacă mai există un alt produs substituibil acestuia, care este mult mai ieftin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concurență_potențială"><span id="Concuren.C8.9B.C4.83_poten.C8.9Bial.C4.83"></span>Concurență potențială</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Concurență potențială" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Concurență potențială"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Se numește concurență potențială pentru că există anumite firme care ar putea considera că prețul unui produs de monopol este prea mare pe acea piață și ar putea să pătrundă pe acea piață cu un produs asemănător, substituibil, cu un preț mult mai mic prin care să atragă cererea pentru acel produs (clientela) și astfel puterea de piață a monopolului să fie pusă în pericol. </p><p>Aceste forme de abordare fac să dispară ori să deterioreze puterea monopolului pe o anumită piață a unui anumit produs, sau serviciu. Aceste noi firme încearcă să servească piața cât mai bine, iar câștigător iese în final consumatorul și firma nou apărută care va deține puterea de cumpărare a acestui consumator, date fiind prețurile mai mici față de firma monopolistă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instituții_de_control"><span id="Institu.C8.9Bii_de_control"></span>Instituții de control</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Instituții de control" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Instituții de control"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În România, organismul însărcinat cu controlul practicilor anti-concurențiale se numește <a href="/wiki/Consiliul_Concuren%C8%9Bei_(Rom%C3%A2nia)" title="Consiliul Concurenței (România)">Consiliul Concurenței</a>. O <a href="/wiki/Consiliul_Concuren%C8%9Bei_(Republica_Moldova)" title="Consiliul Concurenței (Republica Moldova)">instituție similară</a> există și în Republica Moldova. </p><p>Legea românească nu interzice și nu condamnă poziția dominantă, ci abuzul de poziție dominantă.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În Germania, autoritatea însărcinată cu lupta împotriva înțelegerilor de cartel se numește <a href="/wiki/Bundeskartellamt" title="Bundeskartellamt">Bundeskartellamt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/un-fost-director-al-consiliului-concurentei-a-devenit-omul-cheie-din-firma-schweighofer.html">Un fost director în Consiliul Concurenței a devenit OMUL-CHEIE din firma Schweighofer și PUNE ÎN ȘAH instituția în care a lucrat timp de 18 ani</a>, 13 mai 2015, Andrei Stanca, <i>Evenimentul zilei</i>, accesat la 29 iulie 2016</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">Cartel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Economie_(caset%C4%83_navigare)" title="Format:Economie (casetă navigare)"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Economie_(caset%C4%83_navigare)" title="Discuție Format:Economie (casetă navigare)"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Economie_(caset%C4%83_navigare)&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Economia" class="mw-redirect" title="Economia">Economia</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Teoria_economic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria economică">Teoria economică</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economie_politic%C4%83" title="Economie politică">Economie politică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_aplicat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie aplicată — pagină inexistentă">Economie aplicată</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metodologia_economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metodologia economică — pagină inexistentă">Metodologie</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_economic" title="Sistem economic">Sistem economic</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfunda%C8%9Bii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microfundații — pagină inexistentă">Microfundații</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_matematic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia matematică — pagină inexistentă">Economia matematică</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Econometrie" title="Econometrie">Econometrie</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_computa%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia computațională — pagină inexistentă">Economia computațională</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_experimental%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia experimentală — pagină inexistentă">Economia experimentală</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_publica%C8%9Biilor_importante_din_domeniul_economiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista publicațiilor importante din domeniul economiei — pagină inexistentă">Publicații</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Microeconomie" title="Microeconomie">Microeconomie</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Problema_cererii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problema cererii — pagină inexistentă">Problema cererii</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bugetul_stabilit" title="Bugetul stabilit">Bugetul stabilit</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_consumatorului" title="Teoria consumatorului">Teoria consumatorului</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convexitatea_%C3%AEn_economie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convexitatea în economie — pagină inexistentă">Convexitate</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Costul_economic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costul economic — pagină inexistentă">Cost</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_mediu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cost mediu — pagină inexistentă">mediu</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Cost_marginal" title="Cost marginal">marginal</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Cost_de_oportunitate" title="Cost de oportunitate">de oportunitate</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cost social — pagină inexistentă">social</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Costuri_nerecuperabile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costuri nerecuperabile — pagină inexistentă">nerecuperabile</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Cost_de_tranzac%C8%9Bie" title="Cost de tranzacție">de tranzacție</a>)  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Analiza_cost-beneficiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analiza cost-beneficiu — pagină inexistentă">Analiza cost-beneficiu</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierderea_nerecuperabil%C4%83_a_eficien%C8%9Bei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierderea nerecuperabilă a eficienței — pagină inexistentă">Pierderea nerecuperabilă a eficienței</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribu%C8%9Bie_(economie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distribuție (economie) — pagină inexistentă">Distribuție</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economie_de_scar%C4%83" title="Economie de scară">Economie de scară</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_de_anvergur%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie de anvergură — pagină inexistentă">Economie de anvergură</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Elasticitate_(economie)" title="Elasticitate (economie)">Elasticitate</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Echilibru_economic" title="Echilibru economic">Echilibrul</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_echilibrului_general&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria echilibrului general — pagină inexistentă">General</a>)  •  <a href="/wiki/Externalitate" title="Externalitate">Externalitate</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_firmei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria firmei — pagină inexistentă">Firme</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Curba_de_indiferen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Curba de indiferență">Curba de indiferență</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Dob%C3%A2nd%C4%83" title="Dobândă">Dobândă</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegerea_intertemporal%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegerea intertemporală — pagină inexistentă">Alegerea intertemporală</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Pia%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Piață">Piață</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C8%99ecul_pie%C8%9Bei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eșecul pieței — pagină inexistentă">Eșecul pieței</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Formele_pie%C8%9Bei" title="Formele pieței">Formele pieței</a>)  •  <a href="/wiki/Concuren%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Concurență">Concurență</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Competi%C8%9Bie_monopolistic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Competiție monopolistică — pagină inexistentă">Monopolistică</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Concuren%C8%9B%C4%83_perfect%C4%83" title="Concurență perfectă">Perfectă</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monopol</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Monopol_bilateral" title="Monopol bilateral">Bilateral</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Monopson" title="Monopson">Monopson</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Oligopol" title="Oligopol">Oligopol</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Oligopson" title="Oligopson">Oligopson</a>))  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Non%E2%80%90convexitate_(economie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non‐convexitate (economie) — pagină inexistentă">Non‐convexitate</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Optimalitate_Pareto" title="Optimalitate Pareto">Optimalitate Pareto</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferin%C8%9B%C4%83_(economie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preferință (economie) — pagină inexistentă">Preferință</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Pre%C8%9B" title="Preț">Preț</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Set_de_produc%C8%9Bie" title="Set de producție">Set de producție</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Profit" title="Profit">Profit</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bun_colectiv" title="Bun colectiv">Bun colectiv</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rata_profitului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rata profitului — pagină inexistentă">Rata profitului</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ra%C8%9Bionalizare_(economie)" title="Raționalizare (economie)">Raționalizare</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chirie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chirie — pagină inexistentă">Chiria</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rata_veniturilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rata veniturilor — pagină inexistentă">Rata veniturilor</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Risc" title="Risc">Risc</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Raritate_(economie)" title="Raritate (economie)">Raritate</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deficit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deficit — pagină inexistentă">Deficit</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Excedent_economic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Excedent economic — pagină inexistentă">Surplus</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_alegerii_sociale" title="Teoria alegerii sociale">Alegerea socială</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Cerere_%C8%99i_ofert%C4%83" title="Cerere și ofertă">Cerere și ofertă</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Comer%C8%9B" title="Comerț">Comerț</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Incertitudine" title="Incertitudine">Incertitudine</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Utilitate" title="Utilitate">Utilitate</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_utilit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_a%C8%99teptate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria utilității așteptate — pagină inexistentă">așteptată</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Utilitate_marginal%C4%83" title="Utilitate marginală">marginală</a>)  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valoare_(economie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valoare (economie) — pagină inexistentă">Valoare</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salariu" class="mw-redirect" title="Salariu">Salariu</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_publica%C8%9Biilor_importante_din_domeniul_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Belor_economice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista publicațiilor importante din domeniul științelor economice — pagină inexistentă">Publicații</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomie" title="Macroeconomie">Macroeconomie</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cererea_agregat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cererea agregată — pagină inexistentă">Cererea agregată</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Balan%C8%9Ba_de_pl%C4%83%C8%9Bi" title="Balanța de plăți">Balanța de plăți</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ciclu_economic" title="Ciclu economic">Ciclu economic</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utilizarea_capacit%C4%83%C8%9Bii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utilizarea capacității — pagină inexistentă">Utilizarea capacității</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rularea_capitalului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rularea capitalului — pagină inexistentă">Rularea capitalului</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Banc%C4%83_central%C4%83" title="Bancă centrală">Bancă centrală</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Encrederea_consumatorilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Încrederea consumatorilor — pagină inexistentă">Încrederea consumatorilor</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Valut%C4%83" title="Valută">Valută</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Defla%C8%9Bie" title="Deflație">Deflație</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cererea_de_bani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cererea de bani — pagină inexistentă">Cererea de bani</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98ocul_cererii" title="Șocul cererii">Șocul cererii</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Criza_economic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Criza economică">Criză</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marea_criz%C4%83_economic%C4%83" title="Marea criză economică">Marea Criză</a>)  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echilibrul_dinamic_stocastic_general&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echilibrul dinamic stocastic general — pagină inexistentă">DSGE</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerere_efectiv%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerere efectivă — pagină inexistentă">Cerere efectivă</a>  •  Așteptări (<a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C8%99tept%C4%83ri_adaptive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Așteptări adaptive — pagină inexistentă">adaptive</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/A%C8%99tept%C4%83ri_ra%C8%9Bionale" title="Așteptări raționale">raționale</a>)  •  <a href="/wiki/Politica_fiscal%C4%83" title="Politica fiscală">Politica fiscală</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_general%C4%83_a_ocup%C4%83rii_for%C8%9Bei_de_munc%C4%83,_a_dob%C3%A2nzii_%C8%99i_a_banilor" title="Teoria generală a ocupării forței de muncă, a dobânzii și a banilor"><i>Teoria generală</i> a lui Keynes</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tere_economic%C4%83" title="Creștere economică">Creștere</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indicator_economic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indicator economic — pagină inexistentă">Indicator</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Infla%C8%9Bie" title="Inflație">Inflație</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hiperinfla%C8%9Bie" title="Hiperinflație">Hiperinflație</a>)  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rata_dob%C3%A2nzii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rata dobânzii — pagină inexistentă">Rata dobânzii</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Investi%C8%9Bie_(macroeconomie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Investiție (macroeconomie) — pagină inexistentă">Investiție</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Modelul_IS-LM" title="Modelul IS-LM">Modelul IS-LM</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venitul_na%C8%9Bional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venitul național — pagină inexistentă">Venitul național</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Politica_monetar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Politica monetară">Politica monetară</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ban_(mijloc_de_plat%C4%83)" title="Ban (mijloc de plată)">Ban (mijloc de plată)</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Masa_monetar%C4%83" title="Masa monetară">Masa monetară</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=NAIRU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NAIRU — pagină inexistentă">NAIRU</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_conturilor_na%C8%9Bionale" title="Sistemul conturilor naționale">Sistemul conturilor naționale</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Paritatea_puterii_de_cump%C4%83rare" title="Paritatea puterii de cumpărare">PPP</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recesiune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recesiune — pagină inexistentă">Recesiunea</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economii — pagină inexistentă">Economii</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reducerea_infla%C8%9Biei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reducerea inflației — pagină inexistentă">Reducerea inflației</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Stagfla%C8%9Bie" title="Stagflație">Stagflație</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98ocul_aprovizion%C4%83rii" title="Șocul aprovizionării">Șocul aprovizionării</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98omaj" title="Șomaj">Șomaj</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_publica%C8%9Biilor_importante_din_domeniul_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Belor_economice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista publicațiilor importante din domeniul științelor economice — pagină inexistentă">Publicații</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematic%C4%83_economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematică economică — pagină inexistentă">Matematică economică</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cercetarea_opera%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cercetarea operațională — pagină inexistentă">Cercetarea operațională</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Econometrie" title="Econometrie">Econometrie</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_deciziei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria deciziei — pagină inexistentă">Teoria deciziei</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_jocurilor" title="Teoria jocurilor">Teoria jocurilor</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanism_de_proiectare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecanism de proiectare — pagină inexistentă">Mecanism de proiectare</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Analiza_intr%C4%83ri-ie%C8%99iri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analiza intrări-ieșiri — pagină inexistentă">Analiza intrări-ieșiri</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematici_financiare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematici financiare — pagină inexistentă">Matematici financiare</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coduri_de_clasificare_JEL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coduri de clasificare JEL — pagină inexistentă">Domeniile de aplicare</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_agrar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie agrară — pagină inexistentă">Agrară</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economia_afacerilor" title="Economia afacerilor">Afacerilor</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_demografic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie demografică — pagină inexistentă">Demografică</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economia_dezvolt%C4%83rii" title="Economia dezvoltării">Dezvoltare</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Geografia_economic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Geografia economică">Geografia economică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria economică — pagină inexistentă">Istoria economică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Educa%C8%9Bia_economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Educația economică — pagină inexistentă">Educația</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_ingineriei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia ingineriei — pagină inexistentă">Ingineriei</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_Mediului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia Mediului — pagină inexistentă">Mediului</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economie_financiar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Economie financiară">Financiară</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economia_s%C4%83n%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bii" title="Economia sănătății">Sănătății</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiza%C8%9Bie_industrial%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organizație industrială — pagină inexistentă">Organizație industrială</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie internațională — pagină inexistentă">Internațională</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_bazat%C4%83_pe_cunoa%C8%99tere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia bazată pe cunoaștere — pagină inexistentă">Cunoaștere</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_muncii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia muncii — pagină inexistentă">Muncii</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Drept_%C8%99i_economie" title="Drept și economie">Drept și economie</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_monetar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie monetară — pagină inexistentă">Monetară</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_resurselor_naturale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia resurselor naturale — pagină inexistentă">Resurselor naturale</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Planificarea_economic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Planificarea economică">Planificarea economică</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Politic%C4%83_economic%C4%83" title="Politică economică">Politică economică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_public%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie publică — pagină inexistentă">Economie publică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegerea_public%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegerea publică — pagină inexistentă">Alegerea publică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_regional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie regională — pagină inexistentă">Regională</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_serviciilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie serviciilor — pagină inexistentă">Servicii</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_socioeconomice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Științe socioeconomice — pagină inexistentă">Științe socioeconomice</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociologie_economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociologie economică — pagină inexistentă">Sociologie economică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistici_economice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistici economice — pagină inexistentă">Statistici economice</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_transportului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia transportului — pagină inexistentă">Transport</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_urban%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie urbană — pagină inexistentă">Urbană</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bun%C4%83stare_economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunăstare economică — pagină inexistentă">Bunăstare</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98coal%C4%83_de_g%C3%A2ndire_economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Școală de gândire economică — pagină inexistentă">Școli</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_g%C3%A2ndirii_economice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria gândirii economice — pagină inexistentă">gândire economică</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A2ndirea_economic%C4%83_antic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gândirea economică antică — pagină inexistentă">Gândirea economică antică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_anarhist%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie anarhistă — pagină inexistentă">Anarhistă</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutualismul_(teoria_economic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutualismul (teoria economică) — pagină inexistentă">Mutualism</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98coala_austriac%C4%83_de_economie" title="Școala austriacă de economie">Austriacă</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economie_comportamental%C4%83" title="Economie comportamentală">Comportamentală</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_budist%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie budistă — pagină inexistentă">Budistă</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98coala_de_Economie_de_la_Chicago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Școala de Economie de la Chicago — pagină inexistentă">Chicago</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_clasic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie clasică — pagină inexistentă">Clasică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_ecologic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie ecologică — pagină inexistentă">Ecologică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_evolutiv%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie evolutivă — pagină inexistentă">evolutivă</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economie_feminist%C4%83" title="Economie feministă">Feministă</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Economie_heterodox%C4%83" title="Economie heterodoxă">Heterodoxă</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98coala_istoric%C4%83_de_economie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Școala istorică de economie — pagină inexistentă">Istorică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_institu%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie instituțională — pagină inexistentă">Instituțională</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_Keynesian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie Keynesiană — pagină inexistentă">keynesiană</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_neokeynesian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie neokeynesiană — pagină inexistentă">Neokeynesiană</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noile_economii_keynesiene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noile economii keynesiene — pagină inexistentă">Noile economii keynesiene</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_postkeynesian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie postkeynesiană — pagină inexistentă">Postkeynesiană</a>)  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_principal%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia principală — pagină inexistentă">Principală</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malthusianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malthusianism — pagină inexistentă">Malthusianism</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_marxist%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie marxistă — pagină inexistentă">Marxistă</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_neomarxist%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie neomarxistă — pagină inexistentă">Neomarxistă</a>)  •  <a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_neoclasic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie neoclasică — pagină inexistentă">Neoclasică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98coala_de_la_Lausanne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Școala de la Lausanne — pagină inexistentă">Lausanne</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noua_macroeconomie_clasic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noua macroeconomie clasică — pagină inexistentă">Noua macroeconomie clasică</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_real%C4%83_a_ciclului_de_afaceri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria reală a ciclului de afaceri — pagină inexistentă">Teoria reală a ciclului de afaceri</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noi_economii_institu%C8%9Bionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noi economii instituționale — pagină inexistentă">Noi economii instituționale</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Curentul_economic_fiziocrat" title="Curentul economic fiziocrat">Curentul economic fiziocrat</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_socialist%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie socialistă — pagină inexistentă">Socialistă</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98coala_din_Stockholm_(economie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Școala din Stockholm (economie) — pagină inexistentă">Stockholm</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_ofertei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia ofertei — pagină inexistentă">Economia ofertei</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Entropie_economic%C4%83" title="Entropie economică">Entropie economică</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Economie" title="Economie">Economiști</a> și gânditori<br /> notabili în economie</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Francis Ysidro Edgeworth</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Hotelling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Hotelling — pagină inexistentă">Harold Hotelling</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert Lucas Jr.</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Marschak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Marschak — pagină inexistentă">Jacob Marschak</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Alfred Marshall</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Vilfredo Pareto</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Samuelson" title="Paul A. Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Léon Walras</a>  •  <i><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Economi%C8%99ti" title="Categorie:Economiști">mai multe</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Organizații internaționale </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Cooperarea_Economic%C4%83_Asia-Pacific" title="Cooperarea Economică Asia-Pacific">Cooperarea Economică Asia-Pacific</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiza%C8%9Bia_de_Cooperare_Economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organizația de Cooperare Economică — pagină inexistentă">Organizația de 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0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abunden%C8%9B%C4%83_(economie)" title="Abundență (economie)">Abundență</a></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_economice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Științe economice — pagină inexistentă">Categorie</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_of_economics_articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Index of economics articles — pagină inexistentă">Index</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Economias_lists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Economias lists — pagină inexistentă">Lists</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outline of economics — pagină inexistentă">Outline</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_important_publications_in_economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of important 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