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Moraal – Vikipeedia

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class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moraal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 101 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraliteit" title="Moraliteit – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Moraliteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%A9%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ахшыҩырҵара – abhaasi" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ахшыҩырҵара" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhaasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="أخلاق – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أخلاق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नैतिकता – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="नैतिकता" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekopor%C3%A3" title="Tekoporã – guaranii" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekoporã" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe&#039;ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fxlaq" title="Əxlaq – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əxlaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="নৈতিকতা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নৈতিকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8D-tek" title="Tō-tek – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tō-tek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Мараль – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мараль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Мараль – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мараль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralidad" title="Moralidad – keskbikoli" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Moralidad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="keskbikoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Морал – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Морал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralidad" title="Moralidad – sebu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Moralidad" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%C4%95%D0%BF" title="Несĕп – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Несĕп" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C3%A1lka" title="Morálka – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Morálka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moesoldeb" title="Moesoldeb – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Moesoldeb" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C3%A8l" title="Morèl – emiilia-romanja" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Morèl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiilia-romanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality" title="Morality – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Morality" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralo" title="Moralo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moralo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اخلاق – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اخلاق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality" title="Morality – Fidži hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Morality" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidži hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morale" title="Morale – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Morale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraal" title="Moraal – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Moraal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C3%A1ltacht" title="Moráltacht – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Moráltacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%8D%95" title="도덕 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도덕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բարոյականություն – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բարոյականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="सदाचार – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सदाचार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraleso" title="Moraleso – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Moraleso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B0fer%C3%B0i" title="Siðferði – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Siðferði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morale" title="Morale – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="מוסר – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוסר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%94%C5%8B_pas%CA%8A%CA%8A_(morale)" title="Lɔŋ pasʊʊ (morale) – kabije" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɔŋ pasʊʊ (morale)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabije" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მორალი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მორალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Мораль – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мораль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maseth" title="Maseth – korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Maseth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Мораль – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мораль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B3" title="ສີລະທຳ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສີລະທຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralitas" title="Moralitas – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Moralitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C4%81le" title="Morāle – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Morāle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral%C4%97" title="Moralė – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Moralė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erk%C3%B6lcs" title="Erkölcs – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erkölcs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Морал – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Морал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4raly" title="Môraly – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Môraly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സദാചാരം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സദാചാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اخلاق – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اخلاق" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4%CC%A4-d%C3%A1ik" title="Dô̤-dáik – idamini" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dô̤-dáik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="idamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%81_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ёс суртахуун – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ёс суртахуун" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ဖြောင့်မှန်စိတ် – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖြောင့်မှန်စိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraal" title="Moraal – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moraal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नैतिकता – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नैतिकता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B3" title="道徳 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="道徳" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morala" title="Morala – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Morala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safeeffannaa" title="Safeeffannaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Safeeffannaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸਦਾਚਾਰ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਦਾਚਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="ښه اخلاق – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښه اخلاق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%8C" title="សីលធម៌ – khmeeri" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សីលធម៌" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Moralność – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Moralność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral%C4%83" title="Morală – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Morală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Моралность – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Моралность" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Мораль – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мораль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Сигили – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сигили" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नैतिकता – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नैतिकता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morali" title="Morali – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Morali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality" title="Morality – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Morality" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اخلاق – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اخلاق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C3%A1lka_(s%C3%BAhrn_hodn%C3%B4t)" title="Morálka (súhrn hodnôt) – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Morálka (súhrn hodnôt)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morala" title="Morala – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Morala" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="ڕەوشت – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەوشت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Морал – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Морал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraali" title="Moraali – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Moraali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" title="Moral – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Moral" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralidad" title="Moralidad – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Moralidad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அறம் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அறம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Әхлак – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әхлак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="నీతి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నీతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="ศีลธรรม – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศีลธรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_%C4%91%E1%BB%A9c" title="Đạo đức – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đạo đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Ахлоқ – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ахлоқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlak" title="Ahlak – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ahlak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Мораль – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мораль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اخلاق – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اخلاق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7" title="道德 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="道德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="מוסר – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוסר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7" title="道德 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="道德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7" title="道德 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="道德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48324#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Moraal" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" 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href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Moraal" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Moraal" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraal&amp;oldid=6117301" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraal&amp;action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&amp;page=Moraal&amp;id=6117301&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMoraal"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMoraal"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Morality" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Moraal" hreflang="et"><span>Vikitsitaadid</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48324" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output table.imbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:3px solid #36c;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.cmbox{margin:3px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#DFE8FF}.mw-parser-output table.ombox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.tmbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/75px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/100px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">See artikkel on esitatud <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Liitmine" title="Vikipeedia:Liitmine">liitmiseks</a> artikliga <b><a href="/wiki/Moraalsus" title="Moraalsus">Moraalsus</a></b>. Lisateavet <a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Moraal" title="Arutelu:Moraal">artikli arutelust</a><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6739384" /></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/35px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/53px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/70px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>vajab <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Artiklite_toimetamine" title="Vikipeedia:Artiklite toimetamine">toimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small><i>(Veebruar 2013)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moraal&amp;action=edit">artiklit toimetada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6739384" /></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Artikli <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Neutraalne_vaatepunkt" title="Vikipeedia:Neutraalne vaatepunkt">neutraalsus</a> on vaidlustatud!</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Lisateavet vaidlustamise põhjuse kohta saab <a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Moraal" title="Arutelu:Moraal">artikli arutelust</a>.</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6739384" /></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Selles artiklis on vaidlustatud väiteid. Artikli sisu võib olla väär.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Lisateavet vaidlustamise põhjuse kohta saad <a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Moraal" title="Arutelu:Moraal">artikli arutelust</a>.</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Moraal</b> on ühiskonna poolt aktsepteeritud käitumisnormide, tavade ja seaduste kogum, väliselt nõutavad reeglid ja tavad. Moraal on seotud <a href="/wiki/Kultuur" title="Kultuur">kultuuri</a> ja eluviisidega. Sõna "<b>moraal</b>" pärineb <a href="/wiki/Ladina_keel" title="Ladina keel">ladina keelest</a> ning tähendab tava või kommet. (Kreeka keeles on moraali tõlkevaste <a href="/wiki/Eetika" title="Eetika">eetika</a>. Filosoofiliselt saab sõnade eetika ja moraal tähendusi eristada.) </p><p>Kristlikes maades riigi moraal põhineb Rooma Impeeriumi seadustel, on paganlik; teine kiriku moraal on kristlik ja põhineb <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirikukogud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirikukogud (pole veel kirjutatud)">kirikukogude</a> õpetusel või pärast reformatsiooni – pühakirjal, täpsemalt evangeeliumil. </p><p><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indias</a> on isegi suuremad erinevused usundite vahel. Sama segadus on <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">hinduismi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budismi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parsism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parsism (pole veel kirjutatud)">parsismi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">judaismi</a> ja primitiivse <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animismi</a> moraalinormidega. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rooma" title="Rooma">Rooma</a> ja ka <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Hollandi</a> kiriku seaduse kohaselt on abielu väljaspool <a href="/wiki/Kirik_(institutsioon)" title="Kirik (institutsioon)">kirikut</a> kehtetu ja sellele järgnev liit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebaseaduslik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebaseaduslik (pole veel kirjutatud)">ebaseaduslik</a>. Kui <a href="/wiki/Tseilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tseilon">Tseilon</a> kuulus taanlastele, loeti kõik sellised abielud kehtetuks ja neist sündinud lapsed väljaspool abielu sündinuks. <a href="/wiki/Hispaania" title="Hispaania">Has</a>, kus kasutati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rooma_kirik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rooma kirik (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rooma kiriku</a> hea ja kurja norme <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%BCha_Inkvisitsioon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Püha Inkvisitsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Püha Inkvisitsiooni</a> kui täidesaatva organi läbi, olid üldkehtivale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraalinorm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moraalinorm (pole veel kirjutatud)">moraalinormile</a> mittealluvad või selles kahtlustatavad isikud mõistetud piinamisele ja surma. Peaks sama norm kehtima samal moel ükskõik millisel <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">protestantlikul</a> maal – näiteks <a href="/wiki/Inglismaa" title="Inglismaa">Inglismaal</a> ja <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>-s –, järgneksid palju hullemad tapatalgud. </p><p>Pole ühest ülemaailmselt valitsevat hea ja kurja normi, suurem osa inimkonnast elab erinevate moraalinormidega – oma usu ja oma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahva_moraal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahva moraal (pole veel kirjutatud)">rahva moraaliga</a>; kirikliku ja tsiviilkoodi vahel on ühendamatud ja suuresti kõikuvad erinevused. Erinevate kanooniliste seaduste vahel, näiteks islami, hinduismi ja kristluse vahel, on jälle omakorda suured erinevused. Isegi ühes usus, kuigi seal peaks seda olema kõige vähem, on palju vasturääkivusi, nagu näiteks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rooma_kirik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rooma kirik (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rooma kiriku</a> ja paljude kristlike mitte-Rooma kirikute kaanonite vahel. Sama on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islami</a> puhul ja mingil määral ka <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">hinduismis</a> sõltuvalt kastist või usukoolkonnast. </p><p>Mõne ühiskonna jaoks on <a href="/wiki/Vasts%C3%BCndinu" title="Vastsündinu">vastsündinute</a> ja psüühiliselt ebatervete <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rauk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rauk (pole veel kirjutatud)">raukade</a> valikuline tapmine õige, mõnede jaoks vale; kuni on erinevaid arvamisi, ei saa olla ühest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraalinorm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moraalinorm (pole veel kirjutatud)">moraalinormi</a>. Teo ajendit ja teo tegemise sotsiaalset keskkonda arvestamata ei saa tegu õiglaselt heaks või kurjaks liigitada. </p><p>Inimkonna erinevad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esteetilised_normid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Esteetilised normid (pole veel kirjutatud)">esteetilised normid</a> /mis paljuski on <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B5lblusnormid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kõlblusnormid (pole veel kirjutatud)">kõlblusnormidest</a> lahutamatud/ nii <a href="/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst">kunstis</a> kui igapäevases elus on sama kaootilised kui (arusaam heast ja kurjast).Klassikaline <a href="/wiki/Kreeka" title="Kreeka">Kreeka</a> pidas kooskõlas filosoofiliste tõekspidamistega mehekeha kõige kaunimaks looduse vormiks; Läänes loetakse meie ajal üldiselt kõige esteetilisemaks ja kaunimaks naisekeha. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indias</a> jalutavad pühamehed paljalt ringi, ja nii sellisel kujul neid ka austatakse; kui <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadas</a> ilmuvad <a href="/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa">Vene</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duhobor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duhobor (pole veel kirjutatud)">duhoborid</a> (hingevõitlejad) avalikkuse ette oma loomulikus olekus, topib <a href="/wiki/Politsei" title="Politsei">politsei</a> nad riidesse ja toimetab <a href="/wiki/Vangla" title="Vangla">vanglasse</a>, rahva silma eest ära. <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osirise</a> kui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljakusjumal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Viljakusjumal (pole veel kirjutatud)">viljakusjumala</a> <a href="/wiki/Fallos" title="Fallos">fallose</a> kujutised seisavad oma loomulikus hiilguses <a href="/wiki/Niilus" title="Niilus">Niiluse</a> kallastel; <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iva" title="Šiva">Šiva</a> <a href="/wiki/Lingam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingam">lingami</a> (suguorgani kujutis) austavad hindud, nende templid kujutavad kivisse raiutuna seda, mida "<a href="/wiki/Kaamasuutra" title="Kaamasuutra">Kaamasuutra</a>" (meelelise armastuse õpetus) kirjeldab sõnadega; </p><p>Suur osa maailma õnnetustest tuleneb üksteisega põrkuvatest <a href="/wiki/Eetika" title="Eetika">eetika</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraalinormid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moraalinormid (pole veel kirjutatud)">moraalinormidest</a>. Nagu ütleb <a href="/wiki/Plotinos" title="Plotinos">Plotinos</a>: "Maailmaruum ilma kurjata oleks ebatäiuslik." </p><p>On selge, et <a href="/wiki/Esteetika" title="Esteetika">esteetika</a>- või <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B5lblusnormid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kõlblusnormid (pole veel kirjutatud)">kõlblusnormid</a> pole, ühe rahva või usundi puhul ühesed ja kattuvad, vaid on kaos ja segadus selles, mida inimene peaks tegema ja mida mitte ning mida tal tuleks õigeks pidada. </p><p>On äärmiselt kahtlane nõustuda ilma küsimata, nagu praegusel ajal tavaks saanud paljudes kaasaegsetes riikides, kus valitsevad väga imelikud moraalinormid, inimeste arvamusega, ükskõik kas seda väljendab kohtuotsus kohtukojas või <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valimiskast&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valimiskast (pole veel kirjutatud)">valimiskast</a>; <b>mis on õiglus</b>, <b>õige</b> või <b>vale</b>, <b>hea</b> või <b>halb</b>. Niikaua kui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inimkond&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inimkond (pole veel kirjutatud)">inimkond</a> on enam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egoistlik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Egoistlik (pole veel kirjutatud)">egoistlik</a> kui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altruistlik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Altruistlik (pole veel kirjutatud)">altruistlik</a>, ei sobi enamus valitsema <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4hemus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vähemus (pole veel kirjutatud)">vähemust</a>, kes võivad enamusest väga palju paremad olla. Nii nagu õpetas <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> ja õpetavad Ida targad, ei ole sobiv <a href="/wiki/Demokraatlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Demokraatlik">demokraatlik</a> enamusele õiguse andmine selle koha pealt, mis on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraalne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moraalne (pole veel kirjutatud)">moraalne</a> tegu ja mis mitte. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a>, suurim <a href="/wiki/Kreeka" title="Kreeka">Kreeka</a> tarkadest, pühendas palju aastaid katsele sõnastada <a href="/wiki/%C3%95iglus" title="Õiglus">õiglust</a>, mida budistid nimetavad <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharmaks</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seadmuse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Seadmuse (pole veel kirjutatud)">seadmuseks</a>. Ta näitab demokraatliku valitsuse ja õigluse pahesid, mis annab õiguse enamusele – pole ju võimalik, et vähemus alati eksib. Sellepärast ütlevad gurud, et <b>suur</b> on see inimene, kes igas oma teos ja mõttes erineb hulgast. Üksildased uute mõtete toojad, uute aegade seemne külvajad, rahuprintsid (mitte sõjavürstid) ja vähemus (tarkade järgijad) on kannatanud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mart%C3%BC%C3%BCrium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Martüürium (pole veel kirjutatud)">martüüriume</a> ja sotsiaalset rõhumist enamuse poolt, kes sunnib abitule vähemusele peale oma hea ja halva norme. </p><p>Väga kujukas näide heaks ja halvaks peetava suhtelisuse kohta on sõda. Rahuajal on riigi poolt karistatav võltsimine, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valevande_andmine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valevande andmine (pole veel kirjutatud)">valevande andmine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vargus" title="Vargus">vargus</a>, teise vara hävitamine, kallaletungimine ja kaklus ja mõrv ja isegi katse midagi sellist teha; sõja ajal aga kogub riik kokku oma sõjalise väljaõppega elanikkonna surmanuhtluse ähvardusel korda saatma kuritegusid võidu nimel, iga eespool loetletud <a href="/wiki/Kuritegu" title="Kuritegu">kuritegu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Riik" title="Riik">Riik</a> õpetab meestele ja naistele alatust ja pettust, mida võib vaja minna eesmärgi saavutamiseks, kuid kui <a href="/wiki/Valitsus" title="Valitsus">valitsus</a> ehk võim tabab neid kodanikke tegemas sedasama oma riigi territooriumil, riik kas paneb nad kinni või laseb maha. Pole ühtegi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allilma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Allilma (pole veel kirjutatud)">allilmale</a> tuntud <a href="/wiki/Kuritegu" title="Kuritegu">kuritegu</a>, mida riigi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salateenistus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salateenistus (pole veel kirjutatud)">salateenistus</a> heaks ei kiida, eriti sõja ajal, vaenlaste ülekavaldamiseks. Sõda, mis pöörab pea peale kõik eetilised ja kultuurilised süsteemid, tunneb ainult oma <a href="/wiki/Seadus" title="Seadus">seadust</a>. </p><p>Rääkides <a href="/wiki/Sotsiaalps%C3%BChholoogia" title="Sotsiaalpsühholoogia">sotsiaalpsühholoogia</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Antropoloogia" title="Antropoloogia">antropoloogia</a> vaatevinklist, pole sotsiaalselt, usuliselt või traditsionaalselt kinnitatud absoluutset <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraalinorm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moraalinorm (pole veel kirjutatud)">moraalinormi</a>. Mida üks usk või ühiskond on pidanud õigeks, on teise arust olnud vale. <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platoni</a> (427–345 e.m.a) aegadest edasi on [[euroopa] moraal kõikunud äärmuste vahel. Ja kuna inimese areng loomast kõrgemale pole veel vast lõppenud, ei paista ükski ühe või teise ühiskonna poolt katsetatud moraalinorm olevat sugugi lõplik. </p><p>Näiteid. </p><p>Kuningas <a href="/wiki/Saalomon" title="Saalomon">Saalomonil</a>, kes oma kaasaegsete jaoks oli tarkuse ja õigluse kehastus, oli "700 naist ja 300 liignaist". Mitme naisepidamine oli tol ajal <a href="/wiki/Juut" class="mw-redirect" title="Juut">juutide</a> hulgas <a href="/wiki/Seadus" title="Seadus">seaduslik</a> ja kuigi, nagu lisab sama tekst, "tema naised pöörasid ära tema südame" (Jumalast), pole mingit vihjet, et <a href="/wiki/Jehoova" title="Jehoova">Jehoova</a> oleks olnud mitmenaisepidamise kui sellise vastu. [Vanas Testamendis pole polügaamia küll otseselt hukka mõistetud, kuid seal on mitmeid ilmekaid näiteid konfliktidest ja düsfunktsioonidest, mis ilmnevad perekonnas, kus mees võtab endale mitu naist. Veel praegugi on see lubatud <a href="/wiki/Moslem" class="mw-redirect" title="Moslem">moslemite</a> seas, kelle usk põhineb <a href="/wiki/Juut" class="mw-redirect" title="Juut">juudi</a> usul. Tänapäeval on <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%BCgaamia" title="Polügaamia">polügaamia</a> ja isegi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigaamia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigaamia (pole veel kirjutatud)">bigaamia</a> enamikus lääne maades karistatavad pikaajalise vangistusega. Kui tekkis viimsepäeva pühakute mormooni kirik ja Vana Testamendi suurmeeste eeskujul hakati <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>' kõrbes harrastama mitmenaisepidamist, viisid nende meeste nooremad kaasmaalased, kes kummardasid sama <a href="/wiki/Jumal" title="Jumal">jumalat</a>, kiirelt läbi <a href="/wiki/Seadus" title="Seadus">seaduse</a>, mis välistas mitme naisepidamise; praegu on keelatud <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>-sse tulla immigrandil, kui tal on palju naisi. Budistlikus <a href="/wiki/Tiibet" title="Tiibet">Tiibetis</a> oli seaduslikult lubatud naisel omada mitut meest, kristlikul <a href="/wiki/Inglismaa" title="Inglismaa">Inglismaal</a> on mitmemehepidamine kuritegu. Kogu <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopas</a> ja kahes <a href="/wiki/Ameerika" title="Ameerika">Ameerikas</a> on abielurikkumine lahutuse näol leitud olevat väga kasulik; <a href="/wiki/Araabia" title="Araabia">Araabias</a> karistatakse seda <a href="/wiki/Surmanuhtlus" title="Surmanuhtlus">surmanuhtlusega</a>. Vanas <a href="/wiki/Kreeka" title="Kreeka">Kreekas</a>, mis oli <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemaailm" title="Läänemaailm">Läänemaailma</a> kaugelt kõige arenenum kultuur, polnud <a href="/wiki/Pederastia" title="Pederastia">pederastia</a> mitte ainult <a href="/wiki/Seadus" title="Seadus">seaduslik</a>, vaid sel arvati olevat ka <i>hingeline väärtus</i>, seda üritati kasutada sotsiaalseks hüveks. <a href="/wiki/Dooria" class="mw-redirect" title="Dooria">Dooria</a> riikides ja <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">spartalaste</a> hulgas suhtuti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poisipilastus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poisipilastus (pole veel kirjutatud)">poisipilastusse</a> kui sõjakasse ja ilusasse tavasse. <a href="/wiki/Kreeka" title="Kreeka">Kreeka</a> <a href="/wiki/Impeerium" title="Impeerium">impeeriumis</a> oli sel ka usuline toetus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganimedes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganimedes (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ganimedese</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeusi</a> päikesemüüdi ja muude <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legendide</a> näol. Sellest laulsid poeedid ja suured draamakirjanikud <a href="/wiki/Aischylos" title="Aischylos">Aischylos</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Sophokles" title="Sophokles">Sophokles</a> kujutasid <a href="/wiki/Pederastia" title="Pederastia">pederastiat</a> draamakunstis. </p><p>Seitse sajandit hiljem sai <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopale</a> omaseks uus hea ja kurja <a href="/wiki/Teooria" title="Teooria">teooria</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantinus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantinus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Konstantinuse</a> (A. D. 288–337) ajal karistati <a href="/wiki/Pederastia" title="Pederastia">pederastiat</a> <a href="/wiki/Surmanuhtlus" title="Surmanuhtlus">surmanuhtlusega</a>. (AD 538) leidis ka <a href="/wiki/Justinianus_I" title="Justinianus I">Justinianus I</a>, kes uskus, et <a href="/wiki/Pederastia" title="Pederastia">pederastia</a> on nälja, katku ja maavärinate otsene põhjus, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantinus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantinus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Konstantinuse</a> otsust täiesti <a href="/wiki/Kristlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristlik">kristliku</a> olevat ning karistas seda samal moel. Nii jäi enamikus <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopa</a> riikides kuni <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon">Napoleoni</a> aegadeni (1769–1821), mil anti välja <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon">Napoleoni</a> <a href="/wiki/Kood" title="Kood">kood</a> vastukaaluks kristlike <a href="/wiki/Imperaator" title="Imperaator">imperaatorite</a> normidele; jälle muutusid moraalinormid. 1889. aastal võttis ka <a href="/wiki/Itaalia" title="Itaalia">Itaalia</a> vastu selle osa <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon">Napoleoni</a> koodist, mis puudutas <a href="/wiki/Pederastia" title="Pederastia">pederastiat</a>, mis <a href="/wiki/Inglismaa" title="Inglismaa">Inglismaal</a> ja <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>-s ning veel mõnedes maades oli kaua aega sisemiste normide tõttu kuritegu; mida karistati pikaajalise vangistuse või isegi eluaegse sunnitööga. Seega muutuvad koos usuliste ja poliitiliste ja sotsiaalsete pöörangutega ka moraalinormid või vähemasti mingi osa neist. Piisava aja jooksul võib see muutus olla nagu parlamendiski paremalt vasakule või vasakult paremale; suunavalik sõltub <a href="/wiki/Kirik_(institutsioon)" title="Kirik (institutsioon)">kiriku</a> või <a href="/wiki/Partei" class="mw-redirect" title="Partei">partei</a> üldisest suunast. Seda laadi muutused, nagu näha ka Nõukogude korra aegu <a href="/wiki/NSVL" class="mw-redirect" title="NSVL">NSV Liidus</a>, võivad sõltuda, kui usulised ja parteilised mõjud on toiminud, valitseva kliki isiklikest arvamistest, sama moodi nagu usulised kildkonnad rahvale oma arvamist peale surusid. Näiteks kaotati kohe pärast Suurt Oktoobri Revolutsiooni Nõukogude Liidus esimeses tuhinas sotsiaalsete reformidega vanad seksuaalsuhteid reguleerivad normid, sealhulgas ka <a href="/wiki/Homoseksuaalsus" title="Homoseksuaalsus">homoseksuaalsuse</a> karistatavus. Siis, tuli nagu <a href="/wiki/Prantsuse_revolutsioon" title="Prantsuse revolutsioon">Prantsuse revolutsiooni</a> puhulgi reaktsioon – see, mis alguses oli õige ja seaduslik, muutus valeks ja ebaseaduslikuks. </p><p>Isegi <a href="/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst">kunst</a>, mida paljud kutsuvad heaks, kas maali-, skulptuuri-, muusika- või draamakunst, muutub takistuseks, kui propageerib tarbijalikku põhimõtet luua meelelist seotust maailma külge. Sel põhjusel keelas <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islami</a> <a href="/wiki/Araabia" title="Araabia">Araabia</a> <a href="/wiki/Prohvet" title="Prohvet">prohvet</a>, kõik jumala kujutised. <a href="/wiki/Muhamed" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhamed">Muhamedi</a> arvates inimesed austades või isegi esteetiliselt nautides eneste valgustamata meelte loodut, tugevdavad mitte ainult enda köidikuid <a href="/wiki/Sansaara" title="Sansaara">sansaaraga</a>, vaid ka nende inimhulkade köidikuid, kes näevad eksitavaid ja ebatõelisi kujutisi. <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> õpetas, et kui <a href="/wiki/Munk" title="Munk">munk</a> võtab osa maistest pidudest või etendustest või jälgib neid, ei vii see mitte vabanemisele, vaid seotusele. Need meelelised rõõmud on <a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sanghale</a> keelatud. </p><p>Nagu <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%A1na" title="Krišna">Krišna</a> "<a href="/wiki/Bhagavadg%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Bhagavadgītā">Bhagavadgītās</a>" õpetab, on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eluv%C3%B5itlus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eluvõitlus (pole veel kirjutatud)">eluvõitlus</a> kahe vastanduva jõu, hea ja kurja vahel, või "<a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata" title="Mahābhārata">Mahābhārata</a>" järgi, võitlus valguse ja pimeduse, Kuruvasi ja Pāndavasi vahel. "<a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81jaana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rāmājaana (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rāmājaana</a>", teine india kahest suurest eeposest, räägib samast ajastutevanusest võitlusest dharma (seadmuse, isikustatuna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avat%C4%81ra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Avatāra (pole veel kirjutatud)">Avatāra</a> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rāma</a>) ja <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a> (seadmusetuse, isikustatuna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deemon-kuningas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deemon-kuningas (pole veel kirjutatud)">deemon-kuningas</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81vana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rāvana (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rāvana</a>) vahel. Vanas Egiptuses tunti samasugust õpetust: sümboolne jutt sellest, kuidas <a href="/wiki/Deemon" title="Deemon">deemonist</a> vend <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a> orjastab jumaliku <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osirise</a>. <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>, nähes seda <a href="/wiki/Kosmos" title="Kosmos">Kosmosest</a> enesest pärinevat müstilist <a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%B6%C3%B6dia" title="Tragöödia">tragöödiat</a>, kurtis ja kaebles. Paralleelselt selle võitlusega, millesse kõik olendid on karmaliselt haaratud, kujutati <a href="/wiki/Orfeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Orfeus">Orfeuse</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCsteerium" title="Müsteerium">müsteeriumides</a> elu ja taassünni <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmbol" title="Sümbol">sümboli</a> <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" title="Dionysos">Dionysos</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zagreus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zagreus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Zagreusi</a> orjastamist tema titaanist venna, surma ja hävingu <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmbol" title="Sümbol">sümboli</a> poolt. Moraal on samuti osa ühiskondlikust olelusvõitlusest, olles üks võimsamaid relvi ja vahendeid valitsejate ja riikide käes. </p><p>Nagu juhatab <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budismis</a> õilis <a href="/wiki/Kaheksaosaline_tee" title="Kaheksaosaline tee">kaheksaosaline tee</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Nirvaana" title="Nirvaana">nirvaanat</a> otsiva inimese jaoks lihtsam, kui nii hea kui ka kurja mõistesse suhtutakse kui inimeste endi loodud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontseptsioon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontseptsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">kontseptsiooni</a>, mitte nagu üldisse kosmilisse seadusse, mille sildi all teda tihti propageeritakse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraal&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Vaata ka&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Vaata ka&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moraalsus" title="Moraalsus">Moraalsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eetika" title="Eetika">Eetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isanda-_ja_orjamoraal" title="Isanda- ja orjamoraal">Isanda- ja orjamoraal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B5lblus" title="Kõlblus">Kõlblus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universaalne_moraal" title="Universaalne moraal">Universaalne moraal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraal&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Välislingid&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Välislingid&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Pildid, videod ja helifailid Commonsis: <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Morality?uselang=et">Moraal</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6724296" /><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Moraal" class="extiw" title="q:Moraal">Moraal</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Signe Sarah Arro, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omasaar.ee/index.php?content=artiklid&amp;sub=27&amp;artid=7909">"Moraal on inimliku otsustamise ja käitumise väärtusmõõde"</a>, Oma Saar, 28. juuni 2008</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.next‐67f4cc59dd‐clrbf Cached time: 20250305075601 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.127 seconds Real time usage: 0.182 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 481/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13795/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 251/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12900/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.060/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2067863/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 138.036 1 -total 50.00% 69.017 4 Mall:Ambox 37.09% 51.198 1 Mall:Liita 33.70% 46.522 2 Mall:Sõsarprojekt 32.22% 44.482 2 Mall:Äärekast 30.27% 41.779 1 Mall:Commonscat 27.89% 38.494 1 Mall:Commons 16.87% 23.282 1 Mall:ToimetaAeg 8.49% 11.719 1 Mall:Vikitsitaadid 4.43% 6.111 1 Mall:NPOV --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:11690:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250305075601 and revision id 6117301. 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href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>101 keelt</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Lisa teema</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-58f486c48d-lkrk8","wgBackendResponseTime":99,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.127","walltime":"0.182","ppvisitednodes":{"value":481,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":13795,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":251,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12900,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 138.036 1 -total"," 50.00% 69.017 4 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