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id="toc-Role_of_airlines_and_tourist_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_airlines_and_tourist_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Role of airlines and tourist agencies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_airlines_and_tourist_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_border" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_border"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 On the border </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_the_border-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_of_Belarusian_border_guards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_Belarusian_border_guards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Role of Belarusian border guards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_Belarusian_border_guards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Lithuania </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lithuania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Lithuania subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Incidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Poland </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Poland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Poland subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_border_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_border_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Timeline of border incidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_border_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.4 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latvia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Latvia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Other responses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other responses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EU" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EU"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 EU </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EU-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_government_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_government_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Other government actors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_government_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Estonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Estonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempts_to_prevent_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempts_to_prevent_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Attempts to prevent flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempts_to_prevent_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Human rights issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Comparisons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smuggling_of_cigarettes_and_drugs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smuggling_of_cigarettes_and_drugs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Smuggling of cigarettes and drugs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smuggling_of_cigarettes_and_drugs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Belarus–European Union border crisis</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" > 28 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_2021" title="أزمة الحدود بين بيلاروس والاتحاد الأوروبي 2021 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أزمة الحدود بين بيلاروس والاتحاد الأوروبي 2021" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%B6%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B6_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8E_%D1%96_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(2021)" title="Міграцыйны крызіс на мяжы паміж Беларуссю і Еўрапейскім саюзам (2021) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міграцыйны крызіс на мяжы паміж Беларуссю і Еўрапейскім саюзам (2021)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B6_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8E_%D1%96_%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Міграцыйны крызіс на граніцы паміж Беларусьсю і Эўразьвязам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міграцыйны крызіс на граніцы паміж Беларусьсю і Эўразьвязам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pograni%C4%8Dna_kriza_izme%C4%91u_Bjelorusije_i_Evropske_unije_2021." title="Pogranična kriza između Bjelorusije i Evropske unije 2021. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pogranična kriza između Bjelorusije i Evropske unije 2021." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrationskrise_an_der_Grenze_zwischen_Belarus_und_der_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Union" title="Migrationskrise an der Grenze zwischen Belarus und der Europäischen Union – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Migrationskrise an der Grenze zwischen Belarus und der Europäischen Union" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF_2021" title="Επεισόδια στα Ευρωπαϊκά σύνορα το 2021 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επεισόδια στα Ευρωπαϊκά σύνορα το 2021" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_migratoria_entre_Bielorrusia_y_la_Uni%C3%B3n_Europea_de_2021-2022" title="Crisis migratoria entre Bielorrusia y la Unión Europea de 2021-2022 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Crisis migratoria entre Bielorrusia y la Unión Europea de 2021-2022" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Bielorrusia-Europar_Batasuna_mugako_krisialdia" title="2021 Bielorrusia-Europar Batasuna mugako krisialdia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2021 Bielorrusia-Europar Batasuna mugako krisialdia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crise_frontali%C3%A8re_entre_la_Bi%C3%A9lorussie_et_l%27Union_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Crise frontalière entre la Biélorussie et l'Union européenne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Crise frontalière entre la Biélorussie et l'Union européenne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A8%EB%9D%BC%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4-%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B2%BD_%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0" title="벨라루스-유럽 연합 국경 위기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벨라루스-유럽 연합 국경 위기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisi_migratoria_tra_Bielorussia_e_Unione_europea_del_2021" title="Crisi migratoria tra Bielorussia e Unione europea del 2021 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Crisi migratoria tra Bielorussia e Unione europea del 2021" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%E2%80%93%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99" title="המשבר בגבול בלארוס–האיחוד האירופי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המשבר בגבול בלארוס–האיחוד האירופי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrantu_kr%C4%ABze_uz_Baltkrievijas%E2%80%94Eiropas_Savien%C4%ABbas_valstu_robe%C5%BE%C4%81m" title="Migrantu krīze uz Baltkrievijas—Eiropas Savienības valstu robežām – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Migrantu krīze uz Baltkrievijas—Eiropas Savienības valstu robežām" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisis_sempadan_Belarus%E2%80%93Kesatuan_Eropah_2021" title="Krisis sempadan Belarus–Kesatuan Eropah 2021 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Krisis sempadan Belarus–Kesatuan Eropah 2021" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenscrisis_Wit-Rusland_-_Europese_Unie" title="Grenscrisis Wit-Rusland - Europese Unie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grenscrisis Wit-Rusland - Europese Unie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryzys_migracyjny_na_granicy_Bia%C5%82orusi_z_Uni%C4%85_Europejsk%C4%85" title="Kryzys migracyjny na granicy Białorusi z Unią Europejską – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kryzys migracyjny na granicy Białorusi z Unią Europejską" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crise_de_2021%E2%80%932022_na_fronteira_entre_a_Bielorr%C3%BAssia_e_a_Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia" title="Crise de 2021–2022 na fronteira entre a Bielorrússia e a União Europeia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crise de 2021–2022 na fronteira entre a Bielorrússia e a União Europeia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criza_de_la_frontiera_Belarus-Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Criza de la frontiera Belarus-Uniunea Europeană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Criza de la frontiera Belarus-Uniunea Europeană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Миграционный кризис на границе Белоруссии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миграционный кризис на границе Белоруссии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="2021–2022 Belarus–European Union border crisis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2021–2022 Belarus–European Union border crisis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belarus–European Union border crisis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Belarus-EU_border_crisis_-_general_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2021_Belarus-EU_border_crisis_-_general_map.png/300px-2021_Belarus-EU_border_crisis_-_general_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2021_Belarus-EU_border_crisis_-_general_map.png/450px-2021_Belarus-EU_border_crisis_-_general_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2021_Belarus-EU_border_crisis_-_general_map.png/600px-2021_Belarus-EU_border_crisis_-_general_map.png 2x" data-file-width="6400" data-file-height="4804" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Map showing main routes of illegal migrants to the Belarus–EU border</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">7 July 2021 – ongoing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location">Belarus–EU border (<a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Deterioration in <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">Belarus–EU relations</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian election</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">2020–2021 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Belarus">Sanctions against Belarus</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Ryanair_Flight_4978" title="Ryanair Flight 4978">Ryanair Flight 4978</a> incident</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus_2020_Summer_Olympics_scandal" title="Belarus 2020 Summer Olympics scandal">Forced repatriation</a> of sprinter <a href="/wiki/Krystsina_Tsimanouskaya" title="Krystsina Tsimanouskaya">Krystsina Tsimanouskaya</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Resulted in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border_barrier" title="Belarus–Poland border barrier">Belarus–Poland border barrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Lithuania_border#Border_barrier" title="Belarus–Lithuania border">Belarus–Lithuania border barrier</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> <hr /> Supported by: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a><a href="#cite_note-Frontex-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (from 6 August 2021)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> (from 22 November 2021)</li></ul> <hr /> Supported by: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (from 19 November 2021)<a href="#cite_note-Czech_Republic-4">[4]</a></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Number</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> Unknown</div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: <ul><li>15,000 troops<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: <ul><li>Unknown</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>: <ul><li>Unknown</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>: <ul><li>150 engineering troops deployed to Poland<a href="#cite_note-Czech_Republic-4">[4]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <ul><li>155 engineering troops deployed to Poland<a href="#cite_note-Czech_Republic-4">[4]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Frontex</a>: <ul><li>100 officers, 30 patrol cars, 2 helicopters in Lithuania<a href="#cite_note-Frontex-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Belarus" title="Armed Forces of Belarus">Belarusian forces</a>: 2 dead (not in action)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian forces</a>: 2 dead (not in action)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish forces</a>: 3 dead (2 not in action)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> 1 defected<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> 19+ injured<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Lithuania)">Ministry of the Interior</a>: 1 dead (not in action)<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid"><div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> about 50 migrants dead, 217 missing<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> In August 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Belarus" title="Government of Belarus">government of Belarus</a> began coordinating an influx of migrants, mostly from the Middle East and North Africa, to the borders of <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>. Although Belarus denied involvement, both the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and independent observers viewed it as <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_warfare" title="Hybrid warfare">hybrid warfare</a> undertaken in response to the deterioration in <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">Belarus–European Union relations</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian presidential election</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">2020–2021 Belarusian protests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Between August and December 2021, tens of thousands of unauthorized border crossing attempts were recorded, peaking in October.<a href="#cite_note-:11-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-lt-migrants-stats-21">[21]</a> At least 20 migrants died in the following winter due to the actions of Poland[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">weasel words</a>].<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Attempted border crossings fell sharply the following year, but never returned to their pre-crisis levels.<a href="#cite_note-:11-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-lt-migrants-stats-21">[21]</a> In the spring of 2024, numbers began rising again, although they remain well below those seen in the peak of the crisis in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The crisis began sometime around 7 July 2021, when Belarus's president <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a> threatened to "flood" the EU with "<a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">drugs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refugees_as_weapons" title="Refugees as weapons">migrants</a>".<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Belarusian authorities and state-controlled travel agencies, together with some airlines operating in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, started advertising <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tours</a> to Belarus and falsely promoting opportunities of easy entry into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. Those who arrived in Belarus, most of whom were trying to reach Germany, were then given instructions about how and where to cross the <a href="/wiki/External_border_of_the_European_Union" title="External border of the European Union">EU's border</a>, and what to tell the border guards on the other side of it. Migrants said that Belarus provided them with wire cutters and axes to cut through border barriers and enter the EU.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> However, those who did not manage to cross were often forced to stay on the border by Belarusian authorities, who were accused of assaulting migrants who failed to get across. Belarus has repeatedly refused entry to Polish convoys carrying humanitarian aid for migrants.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia each declared states of emergency and announced their intentions to build border walls.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The EU sent supporting officers and patrol cars to Lithuania,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and 12 EU governments stated their support for a physical barrier along the border.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> After the EU refused to finance protective structures on the external borders, Poland and Lithuania completed their barriers on the border with Belarus on their own.<a href="#cite_note-lt-completes-barrier-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-lt-barrier-surveilance-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> accused Belarusian authorities of manufacturing the crisis and state-level mass exploitation of migrants, making Belarusian border guards responsible for violence, inhuman and degrading treatment and use of coercion against migrants. Other <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights organizations">human rights organizations</a> and academics<a href="#cite_note-:10-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> voiced concerns over the use of <a href="/wiki/Pushback_(migration)" title="Pushback (migration)">migrant pushbacks</a> by Lithuanian, Latvian and Polish border guards, the denial of the possibility to lodge an <a href="/wiki/Asylum_claim" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum claim">asylum claim</a>, as well as inadequate food, water, and shelter for the migrants, the latter of which was a subject of a <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> (ECHR) order.<a href="#cite_note-:6-35">[35]</a> Polish officials have additionally been criticised<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> for not allowing journalists, doctors, and <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a> to the border. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian presidential election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">2020–2021 Belarusian protests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ryanair_Flight_4978" title="Ryanair Flight 4978">Ryanair Flight 4978</a></div> In 2020, Alexander Lukashenko, who has ruled Belarus since July 1994, claimed victory in that year's <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">presidential election</a>, which was widely considered rigged by European democracies and <a href="/wiki/Election_monitoring" title="Election monitoring">independent observers</a>. The official results contained implausible discrepancies, particularly at the nationwide level but also in many individual electoral districts. Based on exit polls, Lukashenko might have lost the elections to <a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The Lukashenko regime had been widely accused of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a> in previous elections, including by <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE) observers, who were often restricted from monitoring election conduct.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Belarus_election_notdemo-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-atlanticcouncil_about_elections-41">[41]</a> The election resulted in Belarus' <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">largest-ever protests</a>, which were violently repressed by the government. Around 30,000 people were arrested, with several deaths and thousands of documented cases of torture in custody.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Most Western countries <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2020_Belarusian_presidential_election_and_protests" title="International reactions to the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and protests">refused to recognize the result of the election</a>. The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> imposed sanctions on Belarusian officials in response to the electoral fraud and the violent quashing of the subsequent protests.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Relations deteriorated further in the following year in May 2021, when Belarus <a href="/wiki/Ryanair_Flight_4978" title="Ryanair Flight 4978">intercepted a Polish commercial airplane overflying its territory on a regularly scheduled passenger flight</a> and arrested two of its passengers, opposition activist and journalist <a href="/wiki/Roman_Protasevich" title="Roman Protasevich">Roman Protasevich</a> and his girlfriend Sofia Sapega. In response, the United States, European Union, the United Kingdom and Canada announced further sanctions against members of the government of Belarus as well as Belarusian state-owned companies. The sanctions included individual travel bans for government members, asset freezes<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> and a ban on Belarusian aircraft from flying into EU airspace.<a href="#cite_note-eu-sactions-45">[45]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> in August 2021, Poland granted <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">asylum</a> to Belarusian sprinter <a href="/wiki/Krystsina_Tsimanouskaya" title="Krystsina Tsimanouskaya">Krystsina Tsimanouskaya</a>, which led to further Belarus-EU tensions. Tsimanouskaya had criticized the management style of her coaches, who then tried to force her back to Belarus; fearing retaliation at home, she refused to board her return flight.<a href="#cite_note-:0-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_features">Key features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Key features">edit</a>]</div> In May 2021, Lithuania began reporting a sudden increase in the number of irregular border crossings from Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> By June, Lithuania had detained over 600 people trying to enter the country (for comparison, 81 people were apprehended in the entire previous year). At the same time, Lukashenko began threatening to allow human traffickers and drug smugglers into Europe,<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> later also implying he might provide migrants with weapons.<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> Iraqi TV stations repeatedly broadcast a statement by Lukashenko that Belarus would no longer prevent migrants from crossing into the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[a]</a> Syrian media also widely reported on the new "policy".<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> Belarusian authorities encouraged the impression that Belarus was a convenient gateway into Europe.<a href="#cite_note-dw190821-51">[50]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_-_Migrant_Influx_EU_Civil_Protection_Mechanism_response_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Lithuania_-_Migrant_Influx_EU_Civil_Protection_Mechanism_response_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lithuania_-_Migrant_Influx_EU_Civil_Protection_Mechanism_response_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Lithuania_-_Migrant_Influx_EU_Civil_Protection_Mechanism_response_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lithuania_-_Migrant_Influx_EU_Civil_Protection_Mechanism_response_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Lithuania_-_Migrant_Influx_EU_Civil_Protection_Mechanism_response_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lithuania_-_Migrant_Influx_EU_Civil_Protection_Mechanism_response_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2098" /></a><figcaption>Migrant influx into Lithuania provoked by the border crisis</figcaption></figure> Ethnic and religious minorities from Iraq (<a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iraq" title="Kurds in Iraq">Kurds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a>) were the most frequent category of migrants.<a href="#cite_note-lrt.inv1-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> investigation, many fled persecution from the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cbc-53">[52]</a> but also many migrants come from the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a>, which is among the safest in the Middle East; they sought a better life abroad due to the lack of opportunities in the region.<a href="#cite_note-:7-54">[53]</a> Thus most of the migrants were Iraqi Kurds but also included numbers of Iraqi Arabs, Syrians, Yemenites, and some from other regions in both Asia and Africa,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> including from Afghanistan and Cameroon, notwithstanding a number of Russians.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_airlines_and_tourist_agencies">Role of airlines and tourist agencies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role of airlines and tourist agencies">edit</a>]</div> By mid-summer 2021, reports began emerging that Iraqi travel agencies were organizing "tourist trips" to Belarus<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-59">[58]</a> at significantly reduced prices.<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Belarus" title="Visa policy of Belarus">Belarus' visa rules</a> were also made much looser in August, allowing citizens of Middle Eastern countries to be issued a Belarusian visa on arrival in Minsk.<a href="#cite_note-:7-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-59">[58]</a> Belarusian travel agencies began promoting "tours" to Belarus from Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-dw190821-51">[50]</a> At the same time, the weekly number of flights to <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> increased significantly.<a href="#cite_note-:9-60">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Airways" title="Iraqi Airways">Iraqi Airways</a> doubled the frequency of its Baghdad-Minsk flights;<a href="#cite_note-:9-60">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belavia" title="Belavia">Belavia</a>, Belarus's state-owned airline, also provided more offers to Middle East flyers.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-59">[58]</a> A journalist from <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a> noted that while the flight from Baghdad to Minsk carried about 180 people, only 5 people flew in the opposite direction.<a href="#cite_note-kp-61">[60]</a> On 2 August, Iraqi Airways announced three new direct flights to Minsk from the Iraqi cities of <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulaymaniyah" title="Sulaymaniyah">Sulaymaniyah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Another major air route was the <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>—Minsk flight operated by <a href="/wiki/Belavia" title="Belavia">Belavia</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> On 28 October, Syrian <a href="/wiki/Cham_Wings_Airlines" title="Cham Wings Airlines">Cham Wings Airlines</a>, after having made several charter flights, launched a daily connection from <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> to the Belarusian capital.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> A number of travel agencies in Belarus are believed to have been instructed by the government to organize "Belarus tours" for Iraqis. The most prominent was the Belarusian state-owned Tsentrkurort Tsentrkurort (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Центркурорт), which is subordinated to the presidential administration of Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> For instance, an investigation by the Russian organization Dossier and German newspaper <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> revealed that Tsentrkurort was collaborating with several Belarusian and Iraqi travel agencies to facilitate visas for "hunting tours" in Belarus, as well as handling travel arrangements such as flights and accommodation.<a href="#cite_note-67">[b]</a> The travel agency Oskartur (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Оскартур) was also heavily involved in this particular scheme.<a href="#cite_note-dossier-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pretext" title="Pretext">pretext</a> "hunting tours" may have been chosen because hunting was exempted from <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus">COVID-19 pandemic</a> travel restrictions in place at the time.<a href="#cite_note-ky1-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> It was also reported that several travel agencies, including Oskartur, were given full access to the international zone of <a href="/wiki/Minsk_National_Airport" title="Minsk National Airport">Minsk airport</a> and delegated the power to issue visas, normally reserved for border guards. These companies were suspected to have received special privileges from airport staff and authorities, as other travel agencies were not allowed to provide similar services.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_the_border">On the border</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: On the border">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania-Belarus_border_(2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lithuania-Belarus_border_%282008%29.jpg/220px-Lithuania-Belarus_border_%282008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lithuania-Belarus_border_%282008%29.jpg/330px-Lithuania-Belarus_border_%282008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lithuania-Belarus_border_%282008%29.jpg/440px-Lithuania-Belarus_border_%282008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Border markers with a fence on the Lithuanian side in 2015, before the construction of a new barrier.</figcaption></figure> According to the investigation of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian state">Lithuanian state</a> media outlet, Iraqi Kurds claimed that they were told that entering the European Union via Belarus was legal. After a few days in Belarusian hotels, migrants were collected, taken to the border and instructed to proceed on foot, believing that a car would be waiting for them in Lithuania. It was reported that they paid up to <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>15,000 for travel and tourist visas as well as <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>3,000–4,000 deposits.<a href="#cite_note-lrt.inv1-52">[51]</a> According to the investigation of Belarusian news server reform.by, people from the Middle East believe that they should destroy their passport in order to avoid <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> from the EU.<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belsat_TV" title="Belsat TV">Belsat TV</a> journalists found groups in social networks and <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a> groups which provide help and advice for those who cross the Belarus–Lithuania border. Videos of people crossing fences on the Lithuanian side were published there.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> Migrants repeatedly used the cover story that they are students from Belarusian universities.<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-curr2-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_Belarusian_border_guards">Role of Belarusian border guards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Role of Belarusian border guards">edit</a>]</div> Belarus state involvement was suspected from the very beginning of the crisis. Lukashenko personally confirmed that the involvement of Belarusian border troops is "absolutely possible" shortly after numerous videos appeared online showing Belarusian border guards assisting migrants in crossing the border and preventing them from returning to Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> In July, reports emerged that Belarusian border guards had been instructed to turn a blind eye to undocumented migrants<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> and stop communicating with their Lithuanian counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-dw-76">[74]</a> In August, footage from a <a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Frontex</a> helicopter showed a group of migrants accompanied by a Belarusian border guard vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-delfi0308-77">[75]</a> According to both the Lithuanian government and reports from migrants themselves, some of the smugglers transporting and advising migrants were being paid by Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-abc.1-79">[77]</a> Most often Belarusian soldiers were directly involved themselves.<a href="#cite_note-:7-54">[53]</a> In November, several recordings appeared on social media showing Belarusian soldiers shooting near immigrants in order to intimidate them, recorded from both the Polish and Belarusian sides of the border.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> reported about migrants brought to the border at gunpoint or trucked by people wearing <a href="/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)" title="Balaclava (clothing)">balaclavas</a>; the migrants were then additionally given planks to cross a small border river called <a href="/wiki/Svislach_(Neman)" title="Svislach (Neman)">Svislach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> Later in the crisis, the migrants would be given tools to destroy the border infrastructure. Exiled politician <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Latushko" title="Pavel Latushko">Pavel Latushko</a> claimed that the Belarusian military trained several war veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan to carry out attacks on borders and inside the EU.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> It was stressed that Belarus previously received significant financial assistance to strengthen the border: in 2001–2012, Belarus received €47.5 million for "integrated border management" and €21 million additionally for related regional projects.<a href="#cite_note-belsat.money-84">[82]</a> After 2012, Belarus received at least €15 million for border-related issues (excluding customs).<a href="#cite_note-belsat.money-84">[82]</a> In particular, EU funded the reequipment of Belarusian border infrastructure which was considered a "significant and effective" help, paid for special BOMBEL project against illegal migration and other projects (AENEAS and AWABEL).<a href="#cite_note-belsat.money-84">[82]</a> Illegal migrants had full permissiveness to violate several Belarusian laws without any punishment. Belarusian lawyer Mikhail Kiryliuk suggested that the migrants made at least five violations of the Code about administrative offenses (articles 11.3, 16.17, 18.20, 18.29, 24.23) and three violations of the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Belarus" title="Criminal Code of Belarus">Criminal Code</a> (293, 371, 126). He also suggested that inaction of the Belarusian military who stood just behind the migrants attacking Polish border guards can be treated as a violation of the Criminal Code.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Smugglers pick those migrants who managed to cross the border in the EU and transfer them westwards (usually to Germany).<a href="#cite_note-reuters20211014-86">[84]</a> While human trafficking is a crime, Polish authorities have encountered misinformation suggesting that Poland allowed such operations to take place.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Up to 4 November 2021, 235 people have been detained in <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a> alone due to <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a> charges since the crisis on the Polish border began.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> However, those migrants who fail to cross the border are often prohibited to return home from Belarus and are forced to stay on the border (one of the tactics used by the Belarusian military was compared to <a href="/wiki/Barrier_troops" title="Barrier troops">anti-retreat forces</a>).<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-c97.20211013-91">[89]</a> A group of Yazidi migrants complained to reporters that they were beaten by Belarusian border guards when they tried to return to Iraq after an unsuccessful attempt to sneak to Poland. The guards, according to these people, forced them to stay on the border.<a href="#cite_note-c97.20211013-91">[89]</a> An Iraqi Kurd who decided to seek political asylum in Belarus after unsuccessful attempt to sneak to Poland claimed that the Belarusian police used a stun gun and forced him to leave the country after he declared his wish to stay in Belarus as a legal refugee.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> research, Belarusian border guards gathered those migrants who were pushed back from Poland to Belarus detaining and abusing them in special sites and not letting them to return to Minsk or their home.<a href="#cite_note-hrw.1-94">[92]</a> The main purpose of the Lukashenko-led crisis is, according to Maksim Samorukov of the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Moscow_Center" title="Carnegie Moscow Center">Carnegie Moscow Center</a>, the attempt to legitimize his rigged <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">reelection in 2020</a> and to lift <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Belarus">sanctions</a> by showing his ability to stop the influx of migrants.<a href="#cite_note-crng.121121-95">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lithuania">Lithuania</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lithuania">edit</a>]</div> Lithuania has a 680-kilometre-long (420 mi) <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Lithuania_border" title="Belarus–Lithuania border">border with Belarus</a>. The border is described as poorly protected, often with low wooden fences or small ditches.<a href="#cite_note-dw-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-96">[94]</a> According to public figures, the country had 81 refugees in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[95]</a> In the years preceding the crisis, the number of illegal migrants crossing into Lithuania via Belarus averaged around 70.<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> However, in June 2021, the number of illegal migrants who were detained rose to around 470, rising to thousands the next month.<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Illegal migrants crossing the Belarus–Lithuania border </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Number </th></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>280<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-59">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>104 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>81<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 (June) </td> <td>470<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 (late July) </td> <td>ca. 2,600<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 (by 7 August)<a href="#cite_note-lt-migrants-stats-21">[21]</a> </td> <td>4,112 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 (by 9 November)<a href="#cite_note-lt-migrants-stats-21">[21]</a> </td> <td>4,220 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Illegal migrants in Lithuania by nationality, 2021 (as of 9 November 2021) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nationality </th> <th>Region of origin </th> <th>Number </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td>Western Asia </td> <td>2,811 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td>Central Africa </td> <td>204 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td>Western Asia </td> <td>147 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td> <td>West-Central Africa </td> <td>134 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td>South-Central Asia </td> <td>101 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>Eurasia </td> <td>93 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </td> <td>Eastern Europe </td> <td>91 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>Western Asia </td> <td>87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td> </td> <td>444 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>4,220 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Source: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Statistics_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Statistics (Lithuania)">Department of Statistics (Lithuania)</a><a href="#cite_note-lt-migrants-stats-21">[21]</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> Lithuanian officials said that Belarusian authorities were encouraging illegal migration from Iraq and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> to Lithuania by organizing groups of refugees and helping them cross the Belarusian-Lithuanian border.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-100">[98]</a> European officials blamed Belarusian travel agencies for helping illegal migrants.<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-100">[98]</a> The majority of migrants were from Iraq, but citizens of other Middle Eastern and African countries were also among them.<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> Their final destination is usually not Lithuania, but <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Germany" title="Immigration to Germany">Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dw-76">[74]</a> Belarusian authorities were harshly critical of the EU's decisions. On 28 June, Belarus unilaterally withdrew from its readmission agreement with the EU.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-59">[58]</a> The Belarusian representative at the <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> criticized European officials for politicizing the problem and not cooperating with Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> In August, Lukashenko hinted at the possibility of sending not only illegal migrants but also <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive materials">radioactive materials</a> for a "<a href="/wiki/Dirty_bomb" title="Dirty bomb">dirty bomb</a>" through the border.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incidents">Incidents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Incidents">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On 23 June, migrants rioted in a camp in <a href="/wiki/Pabrad%C4%97" title="Pabradė">Pabradė</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">Tear gas</a> was used to suppress the protests.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a></li> <li>On 23 July, two children who illegally crossed the border with their families were hospitalized in Lithuania after Belarusian human traffickers gave them unknown pills to calm them down.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> According to the laboratory tests, the pills contained <a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">methadone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a></li> <li>On 26 July, migrants demanded to leave the camp. 16 migrants were detained.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-59">[58]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Internal_troopers_of_Belarus_with_shields_(Minsk,_20_September_2020)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Internal_troopers_of_Belarus_with_shields_%28Minsk%2C_20_September_2020%29_02.jpg/220px-Internal_troopers_of_Belarus_with_shields_%28Minsk%2C_20_September_2020%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Internal_troopers_of_Belarus_with_shields_%28Minsk%2C_20_September_2020%29_02.jpg/330px-Internal_troopers_of_Belarus_with_shields_%28Minsk%2C_20_September_2020%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Internal_troopers_of_Belarus_with_shields_%28Minsk%2C_20_September_2020%29_02.jpg/440px-Internal_troopers_of_Belarus_with_shields_%28Minsk%2C_20_September_2020%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2752" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption>Uniform and equipment of Belarusian military men on a video published on 5 August resemble <a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Belarus" title="Internal Troops of Belarus">Internal Troops of Belarus</a> (photo taken during 2020 protests in Minsk)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>On 5 August, Belarusian officials, wearing uniforms, riot shields and helmets, were recorded on camera near the Belarus–Lithuania border pushing and urging the migrants to cross the European Union border.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a></li> <li>On the night from 5 to 6 August, Lithuanian officials reported that they saw Belarusian officials using <a href="/wiki/Signal_flare" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal flare">signal flares</a> and heard shooting of live ammunition from <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifles</a> into the air from the Belarusian side.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a></li> <li>On 7 August, Iraq announced that it was stopping all flights from Iraq to Minsk, except for empty planes which would return <a href="/wiki/Iraqis" title="Iraqis">Iraqis</a> from Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a></li> <li>On 18 August, the Lithuanian State Border Guard Service published a video of 12 Belarusian officers in riot gear illegally crossed into the Lithuanian territory while pushing a group of migrants.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a></li> <li>On 7 October, Belarusian border guards reported a dead migrant from Sri Lanka found near the Lithuanian border.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response">Response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Response">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_Belarus_border_barrier_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lithuania_Belarus_border_barrier_in_2023.jpg/280px-Lithuania_Belarus_border_barrier_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lithuania_Belarus_border_barrier_in_2023.jpg/420px-Lithuania_Belarus_border_barrier_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lithuania_Belarus_border_barrier_in_2023.jpg/560px-Lithuania_Belarus_border_barrier_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Border barrier built by Lithuania in 2022-2023</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latvijas-Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEa_Kr%C4%81slavas_novad%C4%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Latvijas-Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEa_Kr%C4%81slavas_novad%C4%81.jpg/280px-Latvijas-Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEa_Kr%C4%81slavas_novad%C4%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Latvijas-Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEa_Kr%C4%81slavas_novad%C4%81.jpg/420px-Latvijas-Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEa_Kr%C4%81slavas_novad%C4%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Latvijas-Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEa_Kr%C4%81slavas_novad%C4%81.jpg/560px-Latvijas-Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEa_Kr%C4%81slavas_novad%C4%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Latvian border barrier and patrols in 2023</figcaption></figure> Illegal migration from Belarus forced the Lithuanian government to declare a state-level "extraordinary situation" (similar but weaker legal regime than the <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>) on 2 July 2021.<a href="#cite_note-en1-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Lithuania had no experience in dealing with large numbers of illegal migrants and lacked places to accommodate them.<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-dw190821-51">[50]</a> Tent camps, which Lithuanian officials described as "not comfortable", were built to accommodate migrants.<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a> On 23 July, Lithuanian authorities published a plan to build a <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">container</a> camp near <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ven%C4%8Dion%C4%97liai" title="Švenčionėliai">Švenčionėliai</a> for 40,000 migrants in the worst-case scenario.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> Also that month, residents of <a href="/wiki/Dieveni%C5%A1k%C4%97s" title="Dieveniškės">Dieveniškės</a> protested against proposed construction of a new camp in their region.<a href="#cite_note-:3-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> On 26 or 27 July, locals tried to block a road to the area near <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABdninkai_Training_Area" title="Rūdninkai Training Area">Rūdninkai</a> where a migrant camp was to be placed.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Also in July, the Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a> passed a law (signed by president <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a> on 21 July) making deportation of illegal migrants from Lithuania easier.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> The public opinion in Lithuania opposes illegal migration and <a href="/wiki/Xenophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenophobic">xenophobic</a> sentiment is reported to have spread.<a href="#cite_note-dw-76">[74]</a> Lithuanian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Gabrielius_Landsbergis" title="Gabrielius Landsbergis">Gabrielius Landsbergis</a> travelled to <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> in order to discuss the problem with the Iraqi authorities. During the trip, he requested the Iraqi government to halt the flights to Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-cbc-53">[52]</a> On a separate occasion in mid-July, Landsbergis stated that of those who crossed the border illegally, virtually none would be granted asylum and they would be detained in a tent camp until they could be sent home.<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[95]</a> By early August 2021, Lithuania had processed 230 asylum applications, all of which were later rejected.<a href="#cite_note-wpost-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[95]</a> In the meantime, in early July, Lithuania announced a plan to build a border barrier to stem the flow of illegal crossings.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> On 5 August 2021, the chief of the Lithuanian State Border Guard Service presented a project of the proposed <a href="/wiki/Border_barrier" title="Border barrier">barrier</a> for the entire Belarus-Lithuania border which would be 4 m (13 ft) high and would use multiple layers of the <a href="/wiki/Concertina_wire" title="Concertina wire">Concertina wire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> The cost of the project is estimated at €150 million and the Lithuanian parliament approved it as a matter of urgency. Other countries and institutions sent reinforcements to assist with the surge. On 24 July, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> sent 100 km of <a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">barbed wire</a> to help Lithuania to build the border barrier and three drones for the Lithuanian border guards.<a href="#cite_note-Estonia-120">[118]</a> Non-EU member <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> also sent more than 38 tonnes of barbed wire to Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine-121">[119]</a> Meanwhile, by the end of July, <a href="/wiki/European_Border_and_Coast_Guard_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Border and Coast Guard Agency">EU Frontex</a> deployed 100 officers, 30 patrol cars and 2 helicopters to support Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-Frontex-3">[3]</a> Poland provided another helicopter.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> By 7–8 August, the number of migrants crossing into the country dropped to almost zero after Lithuania sent reinforcements to the border area and began broadcasting warning messages in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> on loudspeakers.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> As the number of migrants on the Polish borders <a href="#November_2021">surged</a>, and some of them were active in damaging its infrastructure, on 9 November, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Lithuania">Parliament of Lithuania</a> declared the state of emergency in the border regions for one month, prohibiting entry in the area within 5 km (3.1 mi) of the border without Lithuanian State Border Guard Service's approval and authorising the border guards to use "mental coercion" and proportionate physical force to contain the surge.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> According to a poll conducted in August, 33% (the highest portion) of respondents in Lithuania answered that the best solution to the migration crisis would be to build a physical fence or a wall with Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-lt-poll-127">[125]</a> Other solutions in the answers included: pressure to Iraq, with the help of the EU, to stop the flights to Minsk (17%); requesting a transfer of some migrants to the other EU states (14%); and paying the migrants for their voluntary return (12%). Another 10% suggested negotiations with Lukashenko and only 3% suggested accepting the migrants with the strong integration programs in place.<a href="#cite_note-lt-poll-127">[125]</a> The remaining 11% did not answer or did not have an opinion. By early 2023, Lithuania built the 530 km (330 mi) barrier and implemented 100% surveillance of the border.<a href="#cite_note-lt-completes-barrier-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-lt-barrier-surveilance-32">[32]</a> On 18 January 2023, the Lithuanian government renounced a previous agreement with Belarus. The agreement, which was signed in 2006, had established topics of cross-border partnership. Lithuania's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Lithuania)">Interior Ministry</a> stated that the current situation made cooperation impossible.<a href="#cite_note-renounce-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poland">Poland</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Poland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Poland_(2021)" title="State of emergency in Poland (2021)">State of emergency in Poland (2021)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20220630_Zapora_na_granicy_polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20220630_Zapora_na_granicy_polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej_004.jpg/280px-20220630_Zapora_na_granicy_polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20220630_Zapora_na_granicy_polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej_004.jpg/420px-20220630_Zapora_na_granicy_polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20220630_Zapora_na_granicy_polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej_004.jpg/560px-20220630_Zapora_na_granicy_polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border_barrier" title="Belarus–Poland border barrier">border barrier</a> constructed by Poland, 2022</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belarus-Poland_border_(en).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Belarus-Poland_border_%28en%29.png/220px-Belarus-Poland_border_%28en%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Belarus-Poland_border_%28en%29.png/330px-Belarus-Poland_border_%28en%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Belarus-Poland_border_%28en%29.png/440px-Belarus-Poland_border_%28en%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="2483" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Belarus–Poland border">Belarus–Poland border</a>.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Border checkpoints</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Simplified border checkpoints</div></figcaption></figure> On 12 July 2021, President of Poland <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a> stated that Poland would provide assistance to Lithuania, which it sent later that month.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Following the granting of humanitarian visas to an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> athlete Krystsina Tsimanouskaya and her husband, Poland also accused Belarus of organizing hybrid warfare as the number of migrants crossing the <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Belarus–Poland border">Belarus–Poland border</a> sharply increased when compared to the 2020 statistics.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> On 6 August, Poland reported 133 illegal crossings from Belarus over two days, which is more than the total number in the previous year,<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> with the total number of illegal crossings up to that date being 552.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> On 9 August, Poland reported an additional 349 migrant arrivals over the weekend.<a href="#cite_note-PolandReuters-135">[133]</a> The number of intercepted attempts increased significantly in the autumn. In September 2021, Polish authorities estimated the number of migrants waiting to sneak from Belarus to the EU at 10,000.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> In total, there were more than 32,000 intercepted attempts of immigrants to cross the Polish border as of 11 November 2021, of which 3,500 attempts were made in August, almost 7,700 in September and almost 17,300 in October.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> In November 2021, the Polish government estimated that 3,000–4,000 migrants were waiting in the vicinity of the border.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> In early August, a group of 32 <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a> and 41 Iraqi Kurds appeared on the border in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul</a> and were denied entry to either country, resulting in lines of military personnel on each side isolating the encamped migrants. Their appearance follows an influx of thousands of mostly Western Asian migrants that had crossed the border from Belarus into Poland and other eastern EU members Latvia and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> in the months leading up to the fall of Kabul, with the EU claiming that Belarus purposefully engineered the migration in response to union sanctions. While the Belarusian government denied this accusation, Poland called it a "<a href="/wiki/Hybrid_warfare" title="Hybrid warfare">hybrid attack</a>" on the bloc and said the migrants should not be allowed entry because they are technically still in Belarus. After the migrants sought asylum assistance, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> (ECHR) summoned Poland and Latvia to provide them "food, water, clothing, adequate medical care and, if possible, temporary shelter" for three weeks, according to a statement from the court on 25 August, although neither country was ordered to allow the migrants past the border.<a href="#cite_note-:6-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bezpieczna_granica_to_taka_na_ktorej_nikt_nie_ginie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bezpieczna_granica_to_taka_na_ktorej_nikt_nie_ginie.jpg/220px-Bezpieczna_granica_to_taka_na_ktorej_nikt_nie_ginie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bezpieczna_granica_to_taka_na_ktorej_nikt_nie_ginie.jpg/330px-Bezpieczna_granica_to_taka_na_ktorej_nikt_nie_ginie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bezpieczna_granica_to_taka_na_ktorej_nikt_nie_ginie.jpg/440px-Bezpieczna_granica_to_taka_na_ktorej_nikt_nie_ginie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3016" /></a><figcaption>People in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> take part in a protest rally on October 17 in solidarity with <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Europe" title="Immigration to Europe">migrants</a> who have been pushed back at Poland's border with Belarus. The sign reads "A safe border is one where no one dies!"</figcaption></figure> Since 18 August 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a> were sent to secure the border with Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> As the number of attempted crossings increased, on 2 September, Poland announced a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Poland_(2021)" title="State of emergency in Poland (2021)">state of emergency</a> in the areas close to the border, limiting the freedom of movement, freedom of assembly, and, controversially, ordering human rights activists and doctors unaffiliated with the Border Guard to go and effectively forbidding journalists from reporting from the area,<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> which <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urszula_Glensk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urszula Glensk (page does not exist)">Urszula Glensk</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urszula_Glensk" class="extiw" title="pl:Urszula Glensk">pl</a>] described as an "informational blockade" instituted by Polish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Mateusz Morawiecki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> The majority of Polish outlets signed a letter demanding that journalists be allowed to enter the restricted zone.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> Because the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> already extended the state of emergency for another 60 days<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> and since Article 230 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">Constitution of Poland</a> prohibits to extend it further, the government announced that it would let the journalists in, while attempting to maintain most of the regulations barring people from entering the zone.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Just like Lithuania, Poland announced its intention to build a border wall with Belarus. On 25 October, <a href="/wiki/Mariusz_B%C5%82aszczak" title="Mariusz Błaszczak">Mariusz Błaszczak</a>, the defence minister, announced the construction of a permanent <a href="/wiki/Border_barrier" title="Border barrier">border wall</a> on Poland's 400 km border with Belarus at a cost of about 350 million euros.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> It also announced beefing up the security personnel at the border, which numbered 7,500 as of October 2021 and has steadily risen to 15,000 by mid-November,<a href="#cite_note-:1-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> and using military helicopters to patrol the border.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> In general, Poles are somewhat approving the government's actions on the border. In August 2021, a poll showed that 45 percent of the Polish public positively assess the government's handling of a migrant standoff on the Belarus-Poland border while 29 percent were critical of it and 26 percent had no opinion.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> A survey in October found fewer people undecided about the issue of migration, with 54 percent supportive of the government policies and 36 percent opposed,<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> while the one in November saw many more people undecided – a quarter of respondents did not have an opinion on the topic, and the support dropped to 39 percent, with the same proportion of disapproving opinions as the previous month.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> Moreover, in November 2021, a poll appeared that suggested that some 54.5% of those surveyed were in favour of the policy of <a href="/wiki/Pushback_(migration)" title="Pushback (migration)">pushbacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> In October 2021, the head of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice party</a> (PiS) and Poland's deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Jarosław Kaczyński</a> accused the <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Poland" title="List of political parties in Poland">Polish opposition</a> parties of supporting Lukashenko's actions.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> In November 2021, Poland's state-controlled news channel, <a href="/wiki/TVP_Info" title="TVP Info">TVP Info</a>, accused the Polish opposition of "supporting migrants and Lukashenko."<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> On 8 November, former Polish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> called for Poland to invoke Article 4 of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a>, which would convene a meeting of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> members to discuss the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> On 15 November, the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Poland" title="National Bank of Poland">National Bank of Poland</a> announced that it will issue <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">commemorative coins</a> and banknotes dedicated to the defense of the eastern border.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> On 18 November, Polish authorities announced that Belarus should stop provocations on the border threatening to close the railroad border checkpoint Kuźnica—Bruzgi otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline_of_border_incidents">Timeline of border incidents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Timeline of border incidents">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021">2021</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2021">edit</a>]</div> Migrants who wanted to illegally cross the EU border into Poland used violence on several occasions, according to videos published by Polish Border Guard.<a href="#cite_note-:1-148">[146]</a> On 9 September 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">Polish Border Guard</a> published a video of Belarusian military vehicles transporting migrants and instructing them on the Belarusian side of the border.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> On 8 October, Polish authorities published a video with Belarusian border guards assisting the migrants cross the border.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> On the same day, the Polish military reported shooting (presumably with blank cartridges) occurring from the Belarusian side.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> On 25 October, Polish media reported about a clash between the Polish soldiers and about 60–70 migrants near the village of <a href="/wiki/Usnarz_G%C3%B3rny" title="Usnarz Górny">Usnarz Górny</a>. Two Polish soldiers were injured by branches and stones, and unidentified people attempted to break a razor wire on the border.<a href="#cite_note-:1-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> On the night between 1 and 2 November, some unidentified uniformed men entered a few hundred meters into the Polish territory and subsequently fled back to Belarus, which made the Polish ministry of foreign affairs to summon the Belarusian <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 300px; clear: ; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">Major attempt to break through the border on 8 November 2021 and its aftermath</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img.zerkalo.io/reuters/01/10/migranty_granica_polsha_kuznica_02_09112021.jpg">Migrants' camp on Belarusian side of border</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.3bls.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/FD0E3XDXMAILhtS.jpg">Migrants' camp on Belarusian side of border</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i.novayagazeta.ee/photos/2021/11/6SQLxqyVG9TjqqhgeFU9.jpg">Migrants attacking border fences with logs</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img.zerkalo.io/reuters/0f/e/migranty_granica_polsha_kuznica_18.jpg">Polish border guards</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img.zerkalo.io/reuters/0b/8/migranty_granica_polsha_kuznica_12.jpg">Destroyed Polish border fence with plates</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img.zerkalo.io/reuters/05/b/migranty_granica_polsha_kuznica_17.jpg">Belarusian military made a chain preventing migrants to go to the legal border crossing and road</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nashaniva.com/img/w870d4/photos/z_2021_11/2021-11-09175751-a7he2.jpg">A migrant cuts tree in Belarus</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nashaniva.com/img/w718d4/photos/z_2021_11/-1bes2.jpg">A crowd of migrants on 8 November</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static.mk.ru/upload/entities/2021/11/10/18/articles/detailPicture/ff/f8/1d/79/224a1a636d32200e2e54223d11f543a6.jpg">Belarusian military behind the migrants' camp</a></td></tr></tbody></table> On 8 November, a big crowd of several hundred illegal migrants, escorted by the Belarusian military (presumably Belarusian <a href="/wiki/Siloviki" class="mw-redirect" title="Siloviki">siloviki</a>), tried to break through the Belarus–Poland border near <a href="/wiki/Bruzgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruzgi">Bruzgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grodno_Region" title="Grodno Region">Grodno Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guard-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-lrt.0811-169">[167]</a> The Polish border guards were expecting the column to arrive since the weekend preceding the attempted breakthrough,<a href="#cite_note-:4-168">[166]</a> while the first reports about the big column of migrants heading to the Bruzgi-<a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%BAnica,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Kuźnica, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Kuźnica</a> border crossing appeared in the morning that day.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> According to reform.by, the majority of migrants in this group were Iraqi Kurds, who organized and gathered via social media.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> Belarusian authorities did not allow migrants to go to the neutral zone via the border crossing, but forwarded them to the neutral zone through the nearby forest.<a href="#cite_note-c97.0811-172">[170]</a> Both sides published videos showing attempts to cut the barbed wire with <a href="/wiki/Wire_cutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire cutter">wire cutters</a> and scissors, provided by the Belarusian military,<a href="#cite_note-:7-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-168">[166]</a> or to destroy it with logs.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> The migrants threw stones at Polish border guards,<a href="#cite_note-lrt.0811-169">[167]</a> who used tear gas in response.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> Some 21,000 soldiers, border guards and policemen were concentrated in the area.<a href="#cite_note-:4-168">[166]</a> According to The Guardian and Associated Press, the standoff was an attempt to increase pressure on Poland and the European Union by Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-guard-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> The atmosphere calmed down the following day.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> Due to the standoff, the Polish government closed the border crossing at <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%BAnica,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Kuźnica, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Kuźnica</a>, to the north-east of <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> As the traffic was directed to other border crossings, they saw immense queues, with Rzeczpospolita reporting a 26-kilometre-long (16 mi) traffic jam full of lorries towards <a href="/wiki/Bobrowniki,_Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Bobrowniki, Białystok County">Bobrowniki</a> checkpoint, which it estimated could be passed in 67 hours.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> The Polish government considered the closure of the whole border with Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-:5-180">[178]</a> The situation on the border also prompted Estonia, France and Ireland to convene a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security council">UN Security Council</a> to discuss the matter on 11 November,<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> and some human rights organisations, including the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Committee_for_Human_Rights" title="Helsinki Committee for Human Rights">Helsinki Committee for Human Rights</a>, to sue Belarus in the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>, alleging <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> (Belarus is not party to the ICC).<a href="#cite_note-:5-180">[178]</a> Belarus, in its turn, dismisses the allegations as a ploy to detract the inhabitants of the European Union from its own problems.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> Local representatives of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a> who visited the camp near Bruzgi offered the migrants to voluntarily return home or to apply for refugee status in Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> Belarus's leader raised the possibility of interrupting the <a href="/wiki/Yamal%E2%80%93Europe_pipeline" title="Yamal–Europe pipeline">Yamal–Europe pipeline</a> carrying <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">Russian gas</a> to the European Union if the bloc imposes further sanctions on Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-gas-184">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> However, Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, whose consent was needed before closing the pipe, said that Lukashenko had not consulted him before raising the possibility of stopping gas deliveries coming from Russia to the EU via a pipeline through Belarus, adding that such a move would risk harming relations between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> On November 9, a Polish journalist Tadeusz Giczan published a recording made by an immigrant showing Belarusian soldiers shooting with assault rifles near immigrants sitting on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> On 12 November, the Polish Border Guard reported that the Belarusian side was destroying the border fence near <a href="/wiki/Czeremcha,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Czeremcha, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Czeremcha</a> and used green <a href="/wiki/Lasers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasers">lasers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strobe_light" title="Strobe light">strobe lights</a> in an apparent attempt to blind the patrolling officers, which claim the Belarusians denied.<a href="#cite_note-:7-54">[53]</a> The usage of lasers as blinding weapons is generally prohibited by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Blinding_Laser_Weapons" title="Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons">Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> On November 13, a recording appeared on a Russian-language Telegram channel showing Belarusian soldiers handing out bread to immigrants, shooting near them to force them to get in line.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> On 16 November 2021, the migrants undertook another major attempt to break through the border forcefully. They started to throw rocks, bottles and pieces of wood at the Polish border guards and tried to destroy the border fence in attempt to break through the border at the temporarily closed checkpoint of Bruzgi-Kuźnica. Polish border guards used water cannons, stun grenades and tear gas on the migrants. Polish authorities accused the Belarusian military of supplying the migrants and giving them stun grenades.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> One Polish officer was wounded in the head.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> Altogether, Poland registered 161 attempts of illegal border crossing into its territory on 16 November.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022">2022</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2022">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> On October 26, 2022, near the village of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81osiniany" title="Łosiniany">Łosiniany</a>, the body of a Sudanese man who drowned in a river was found.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> In December 2022, the activist group Podlaskie Ochotnicze Pogotowie Humanitarne received tens of requests of help from refugees on the border per week.<a href="#cite_note-GazWyb_Yemeni_doctor-197">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023">2023</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2023">edit</a>]</div> On 7 January, Yemeni doctor Ibrahem Jaber Ahmed Dehya died from exposure in <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCa_Forest" title="Białowieża Forest">Białowieża Forest</a>. According to border guards, Ibrahem was one of a group of Yemenis who had crossed the border, crossing the river Przewłoka, a tributary of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C5%9Bna_river&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leśna river (page does not exist)">Leśna river</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%9Bna_(dop%C5%82yw_Bugu)" class="extiw" title="pl:Leśna (dopływ Bugu)">pl</a>]. The border guards detained three of the group who requested help while Ibrahim was ill but still alive. According to Ibrahem's colleagues, the border guards initially refused to search for Ibrahem, instead expulsing the three to Belarus. Other colleagues of Ibrahem searched again for help and found a second patrol, which searched for Ibrahim and found him dead. The activist group Grupa Granica accused the border guards of having <a href="/wiki/Pushback_(migration)" title="Pushback (migration)">pushed back</a> Ibrahem's colleagues to Belarus. Ibrahem was buried two days later in <a href="/wiki/Bohoniki" title="Bohoniki">Bohoniki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GazWyb_Yemeni_doctor-197">[195]</a> On 4 February 2023, an Ethiopian woman fell ill near <a href="/wiki/Hajn%C3%B3wka" title="Hajnówka">Hajnówka</a>. Two men who sought help for her from police and border guards were deported to Belarus and found in ill health on the Belarusian side of the border several days later. The woman was found dead on 12 February on Polish territory. Grupa Granica called for prosecution of those responsible for her death, accusing the authorities of not fulfilling legal obligations of the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">right of asylum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OKOpress_death_on_border-198">[196]</a> On October 15, 2023, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendum_in_Poland_in_2023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendum in Poland in 2023 (page does not exist)">nationwide referendum</a> included questions regarding, among others, the acceptance of illegal immigrants and the dismantling of the barrier on the Polish-Belarusian border.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> On October 23, 2023, the body of a foreigner was found by the tracks in the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dobrowoda_(Hajn%C3%B3wka_district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dobrowoda (Hajnówka district) (page does not exist)">Dobrowoda</a>. Another foreigner died in the presence of a Polish patrol.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> On November 4, the body of a Syrian was found.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> The next day, the illegal immigrant was shot by a Polish soldier.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024">2024</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2024">edit</a>]</div> In February 2024, a human skull of a person from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> was found on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stara_Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stara Białowieża (page does not exist)">Stara Białowieża</a> – <a href="/wiki/Narewka" title="Narewka">Narewka</a> road.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> On March 14, 2024, the body of a 32-year-old man from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> was found in a forest near the town of <a href="/wiki/Sorocza_N%C3%B3%C5%BCka" title="Sorocza Nóżka">Sorocza Nóżka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> In the morning of May 28, a migrant outside the border barrier stabbed a Polish soldier with a knife on a stick near the town of <a href="/wiki/Dubicze_Cerkiewne" title="Dubicze Cerkiewne">Dubicze Cerkiewne</a>, Podlaskie Voivodeship. The seriously injured soldier was evacuated by a military ambulance and taken to hospital. The next day the Ministry of Interior and Administration decided to send additional forces to the border and recreate a 200-meter exclusion zone along the entire border with Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> The wounded soldier died in hospital 9 days later.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> The Polish foreign ministry demanded that Belarus identify the assailant and hand them over to Polish officials on June 6. Belarus's border service stated that it would start an investigation to the incident if Poland gave them "concrete information" about the stabbing.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> In the following days, attacks by large groups of immigrants intensified. On June 4, in another attack near <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCa" title="Białowieża">Białowieża</a>, Podlaskie Voivodeship, a Border Guard officer was injured in the head and was taken to hospital. 2 border guards were also slightly injured.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latvia">Latvia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Latvia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C4%93g%C4%BCi_uz_Latvijas%E2%80%94Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEas_2022._gada_febru%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B%C4%93g%C4%BCi_uz_Latvijas%E2%80%94Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEas_2022._gada_febru%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg/220px-B%C4%93g%C4%BCi_uz_Latvijas%E2%80%94Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEas_2022._gada_febru%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B%C4%93g%C4%BCi_uz_Latvijas%E2%80%94Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEas_2022._gada_febru%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg/330px-B%C4%93g%C4%BCi_uz_Latvijas%E2%80%94Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEas_2022._gada_febru%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B%C4%93g%C4%BCi_uz_Latvijas%E2%80%94Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEas_2022._gada_febru%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg/440px-B%C4%93g%C4%BCi_uz_Latvijas%E2%80%94Baltkrievijas_robe%C5%BEas_2022._gada_febru%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>A group of migrants on the Latvia–Belarus border in February 2022</figcaption></figure> On 4 August 2021, it was reported that the situation on the Latvia–Belarus border was still relatively peaceful with only four registered incidents of illegal border crossing and a total of 27 third-country nationals detained in the whole 2021.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> However, that soon changed and already by 8 August, 101 additional third-country nationals had been detained for illegally crossing the Latvia–Belarus border.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> On 13 August, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Armed Forces">Latvian Armed Forces</a> (LAF) published a video showing three cases of armed Belarusian border guards trying to expel migrants to Latvia, and not allowing them return to Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-latvia.1-214">[212]</a> The video has not been interdependently proofed. Similar reports about Belarusian border guards pushing out migrants from Belarus to Latvia appeared later.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia">Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia</a> declared a state of emergency from 11 August until 10 November in the border municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Ludza_Municipality" title="Ludza Municipality">Ludza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kr%C4%81slava_Municipality" title="Krāslava Municipality">Krāslava</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aug%C5%A1daugava_Municipality" title="Augšdaugava Municipality">Augšdaugava</a>, and also in <a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Daugavpils</a> city.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> The government prohibited the submission of applications for refugee status in these border regions, and all migrants captured there had to return to Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">President of Latvia</a> <a href="/wiki/Egils_Levits" title="Egils Levits">Egils Levits</a> said that under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>, refugees should apply for asylum in the first safe country they arrive after leaving their own countries, in this case – Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> On 12 November, the Latvian <a href="/wiki/Saeima" title="Saeima">Saeima</a> approved the construction of a border wall on the stretch with Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> Latvian border guards reported having turned back over 6,500 people attempting to cross the border from Belarus since the introduction of the state of emergency in August 2021 up to March 2022. The findings of the researchers, however, suggest that what lies behind these figures are largely the same people who were/are subjected to daily pushbacks. This has been officially confirmed by a representative of the State Border Guard who stated in an interview that those apprehended at the border every day are largely the same individuals.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> According to an independent estimate, the total number of individuals who have attempted to illegally cross the Latvian border since August 2021 could be as low as 250.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> The same study, based on remote interviews with approximately 30 of the migrants, has also alleged extreme violence and even torture against them at the hands of the Latvian "commandos", police and soldiers. <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Interior of Latvia">Minister of the Interior of Latvia</a> <a href="/wiki/Marija_Golubeva" title="Marija Golubeva">Marija Golubeva</a> categorically denied the accusations, as did the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defence of Latvia">Ministry of Defense</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> The State Border Guard called the accusations "blatant defamation" and pointed out that not a single case of the use or even complaints about the use of "physical force and/or special means" by a member of the State Border Guard, the National Armed Forces or the State Police against an illegal border crosser has been recorded, nor has the Emergency Medical Service any information about the injuries that could have been caused by such actions of the aforementioned institutions.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_responses">Other responses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other responses">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EU"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: EU">edit</a>]</div> The EU condemned the use of migrants as weapons, threatened to impose further sanctions on <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-lit-migration-crisis-224">[222]</a> and pressed Iraq to suspend migrant flights between Iraq and Belarus. Iraq had previously promised to establish a joint commission with the EU to address the issue.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> The EU initially refused a request by the Lithuanian government to help finance a border wall, noting its longstanding policy of not providing money for <a href="/wiki/Border_barrier" title="Border barrier">border barriers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-148">[146]</a> In November, however, a proposal was circulated proposing some EU funding for "border infrastructure", provided the recipient countries permit the EU's own border agency Frontex to help manage the borders, which Poland has to date refused to do.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> Joanna Hosa of the <a href="/wiki/European_Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="European Council on Foreign Relations">European Council on Foreign Relations</a> noted that "Poland has an ongoing <a href="/wiki/Poland_in_the_European_Union" title="Poland in the European Union">battle with Brussels</a> over the <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%93present_Polish_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2015–present Polish constitutional crisis">rule of law situation</a>, and so Poland is trying to show that it can manage the problem alone. Asking the EU for help would not necessarily be an easy thing for the Polish government to do."<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> The EU and Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Polak" title="Wojciech Polak">Wojciech Polak</a>, the head of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Poland" title="Catholic Church in Poland">Catholic Church in Poland</a>, called for <a href="/wiki/Aid_agency" title="Aid agency">humanitarian organizations</a> such as <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> to gain access to the borders to help migrants.<a href="#cite_note-gas-184">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_government_actors">Other government actors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other government actors">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>: The <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> condemned "the continued instrumentalisation of irregular migration artificially created by Belarus as part of hybrid actions targeted against Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia for political purposes."<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: Germany, one of the primary end destinations of many of the migrants,<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> registered 2,000 asylum seekers who had passed through Belarus, compared to 26 during the first half of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> In October 2021, German foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Heiko_Maas" title="Heiko Maas">Heiko Maas</a> said that the airlines that carry migrants to Belarus "make themselves into helpers of the rulers in Minsk."<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> The municipal government of <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> declared its readiness to accept migrants.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> In November 2021, German chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> made a phone call to Lukashenko on this issue but Lukashenko's spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Natallia_Eismant" title="Natallia Eismant">Natallia Eismant</a> and the German authorities voiced completely different versions about its content.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>: In July 2021, Estonia condemned the human trafficking organized by Belarusian authorities and sent its border patrols and tents to boost the protection of the Belarus–Lithuania border.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> On 6 August 2021, Estonia announced that it would raise the question of migrant crisis at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> On 17 November 2021, the Estonian government called almost 1,700 reserve soldiers to hold a snap defence readiness exercise; the reserve engineers will construct temporary fences in Estonia's border areas with Russia<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>: On 11 November 2021, Ukraine announced that they would deploy 8,500 soldiers and police officers, as well as 15 helicopters, to the border with Belarus to prevent possible attempts by stranded migrants to cross into the country in order to reach the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: In November 2021, the United Kingdom sent a contingent of troops (10 soldiers) from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a> to support Poland's border security.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> This number was increased to 150 later that same month.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> On 9 December 2021, the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> announced it would send 140 military engineers to provide Poland with support at its border with Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>: On 7 August 2021, Iraq stopped all direct flights to Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-:8-244">[242]</a> Three months later, the government of Iraq closed two honorary consulates of Belarus in Baghdad and Erbil in an attempt to suppress the schemes of illegal migration via Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-honorary_consulates_of_Belarus-245">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> On 18 November, Iraq organized a rescue flight from Minsk which took away 430 migrants who agreed to come back home.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> The second rescue flight was scheduled on 19 November, but it was cancelled for unknown reason.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>: In November 2021, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Turkey</a> restricted certain nationalities from buying tickets for flights to Belarus, potentially closing off one of the main routes that the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> says Belarus has used to fly in migrants by the thousand to engineer a humanitarian crisis on its frontier. <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">EU</a> officials welcomed this decision.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> Turkey also dismissed Polish allegations about aiding the migrant flow to its border.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Estonia">Estonia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Estonia">edit</a>]</div> Estonia, which shares a border with the Russian Federation, has been mobilizing its troops to protect its Southeastern and Northeastern border and constructing border barriers from <a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">barbed wire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> 17th Engineer Battalion is moving from its place of dislocation (<a href="/wiki/Tapa,_Estonia" title="Tapa, Estonia">Tapa</a>) towards the Southeastern border.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> From 19 to 26 November, all flights around the Russian border are forbidden due to the construction of barriers for "hybrid attacks".<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> In November, Estonia announced that they will send 100 troops from <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">engineering, military police and reconnaissance units</a> to Poland.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempts_to_prevent_flights">Attempts to prevent flights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Attempts to prevent flights">edit</a>]</div> Despite Iraq stopping all direct flights to Belarus,<a href="#cite_note-:8-244">[242]</a> the number of arrivals did not reduce as many people instead began using indirect routes via <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> There were calls for <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, where many companies <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_lease" title="Aircraft lease">leasing</a> airplanes are located, to revoke their leases to Belavia, the airline carrying most of the migrants to Belarus. <a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a>, the Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs, said forcing airlines to break these contracts would be difficult and instead called for further sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> Belavia itself originally did not intend to restrict the flow of passengers from the Middle East to Belarus, saying that because it is not a border agency and they cannot distinguish migrants from other passengers, it may not decline services to its customers. Belarus's director of the aviation department of the ministry of transportation, Artem Sikorsky, additionally said that they were forced to fly to Istanbul because they had been shut out of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in May due to the <a href="/wiki/Ryanair_Flight_4978" title="Ryanair Flight 4978">grounding of the plane</a> carrying <a href="/wiki/Roman_Protasevich" title="Roman Protasevich">Roman Protasevich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> However, on 12 November 2021, Belavia was legally required by Turkey to deny boarding on any flights to Belarus to the citizens of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> Two days later, Belavia announced that it would deny boarding to the citizens of said countries as well as Afghan nationals on flights from Dubai.<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> Measures to prevent potential migrants from boarding on flights to Belarus were taken by the authorities of Lebanon, UAE and Uzbekistan.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights_issues">Human rights issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Human rights issues">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Belarus" title="Human rights in Belarus">Human rights in Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lithuania" title="Human rights in Lithuania">Human rights in Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Poland" title="Human rights in Poland">Human rights in Poland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pushback_(migration)#Poland–Belarus_border" title="Pushback (migration)">Pushback (migration) § Poland–Belarus border</a></div> The legal status of migrants became more vulnerable after Belarus unilaterally withdrew from the readmission agreement with the EU,<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> and up to 40% of migrants in Lithuanian camps belong to vulnerable groups.<a href="#cite_note-cbc-53">[52]</a> EU leaders have supported the Lithuanian government in its efforts.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-lit-migration-crisis-224">[222]</a> On 4 August 2021, Belarusian border guards claimed that they found an Iraqi man in serious condition in <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Lithuania_border" title="Belarus–Lithuania border">Benyakoni</a>, near the border with Lithuania. The unidentified man allegedly "died in the arms of the [Lithuanian] border guards". Belarusian dictator Alexander Lukashenko ordered an investigation into his death.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Lithuania)">Lithuanian Interior Ministry</a> dismissed the Belarusian reports that the Iraqi migrant had been found beaten to death after being turned away at the Lithuanian border, describing it as part of a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid war">hybrid war</a> and disinformation being waged by Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> Human rights activists accused Polish authorities of denying adequate medical care, food and shelter to stranded migrants,<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> which prompted the intervention of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>. On 25 August 2021, the court ordered Poland and Latvia to provide the migrants food, water, clothing, adequate medical care and temporary shelter, should the countries have such possibility.<a href="#cite_note-:6-35">[35]</a> Belarusian authorities refused to accept the Polish humanitarian aid intended for migrants who got stuck on the Belarusian-Polish border at least twice, in August<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a> and October.<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> A migrant from Yemen complained to reporters that Belarusian border guards beat up his companion and broke his leg.<a href="#cite_note-reuters20211014-86">[84]</a> A group of Yazidis from Iraq made a similar complaint.<a href="#cite_note-c97.20211013-91">[89]</a> They also reported food shortages and said they were cold, and some of them sick.<a href="#cite_note-c97.20211013-91">[89]</a> Another migrant was reported to be thrown into a river by a Belarusian border guard.<a href="#cite_note-abc.1-79">[77]</a> Belarusian border guards were also accused of robbing the migrants of their money, phones, documents and other things from their bags.<a href="#cite_note-abc.1-79">[77]</a> One of the migrants claimed that he was forced by Belarusian border guards to pay US$100 to charge the phone.<a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a> A Syrian migrant who managed to sneak into Poland but got caught there claimed that the Belarusian military threatened him not to return to Belarus, reportedly claiming that "if you come back, we will kill you".<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> In November 2021, after Iraq launched rescue flights for its citizens, migrants on the Belarusian side of the border reported problems that hindered their return, such as an impossibility to leave the border zone among other problems.<a href="#cite_note-rudaw.201121-271">[269]</a> In August Lithuania and in October Poland legalized <a href="/wiki/Pushback_(migration)" title="Pushback (migration)">pushback</a> of migrants by force,<a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a> which is illegal under EU and international law.<a href="#cite_note-EUobserver-274">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> Human rights group <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and other human rights organisations said that Poland and Lithuania breached migrants' rights, as they limit the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">access of asylum seekers</a> to their territory.<a href="#cite_note-EUobserver-274">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> Eve Geddie, director of Amnesty International's European Institutions Office, stated that "Forcing people back who are trying to claim asylum without an individual assessment of their protection needs is against European and international law."<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> Poland and Lithuania violated international laws including the prohibition on collective expulsions stipulated in the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> Some of the migrants additionally claim that they were forcefully <a href="/wiki/Deported" class="mw-redirect" title="Deported">deported</a> to their country of origin, as in the case of a family from <a href="/wiki/Slemani" class="mw-redirect" title="Slemani">Slemani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a>, who reported to <a href="/wiki/Rudaw_Media_Network" title="Rudaw Media Network">Rudaw</a> that after they crossed the border into Poland, they were caught and told they would be transferred to a camp near <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, but they were taken to the airport with some other migrants and flown to <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> On 24 November 2021, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> published a report "Die Here or Go to Poland: Belarus' and Poland's Shared Responsibility for Border Abuses" claiming "serious abuses on both sides of the border". HRW accused Belarusian border guards of violence, inhuman and degrading treatment and coercion, and Polish border guards — of pushing the migrants back to Belarus despite pleading for asylum. HRW accused Belarusian authorities of manufacturing the situation which resulted in at least 13 deaths, and suggested that some severe cases of inhumane treatment can be seen as a torture.<a href="#cite_note-hrw.1-94">[92]</a> The groups "Grupa Granica"<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> and "Fundacja Ocalenie"<a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a> have emerged in Poland as activists providing humanitarian aid for migrants on the ground, as well as "Sienos Grupė" <a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a> in Lithuania. Famous human right activists such as <a href="/wiki/Anna_Alboth" title="Anna Alboth">Anna Alboth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nawal_Soufi" title="Nawal Soufi">Nawal Soufi</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Kollwelter" class="extiw" title="de:Serge Kollwelter">Serge Kollwelter</a> and others have been joining the cause of helping migrants and refugees. Organizations and activists have been facing state ordered crack-downs and criminalization of their actions in both Poland and Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Comparisons">edit</a>]</div> The events were compared by some commentators and human rights activists to the migrant crisis at the <a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Greece–Turkey border">Greece–Turkey border</a> and Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a>'s repeated threat to Europe to expect millions of migrants if <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> were to open its borders.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-46">[46]</a> European Union foreign affairs chief <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> compared the situation on the Belarus–Poland border to the migrant crisis on the <a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Morocco–Spain border">Morocco–Spain border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a> Lithuanian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Ingrida_%C5%A0imonyt%C4%97" title="Ingrida Šimonytė">Ingrida Šimonytė</a> has also used the Morocco–Spain example and specifically a case of N.D. and N.T. v Spain as a precedent for the Lithuanian state forces` response to the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> Poland's Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Mariusz_Blaszczak" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariusz Blaszczak">Mariusz Blaszczak</a> said the border barrier marking the frontier with Belarus would resemble the one built by Hungarian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>'s border with Serbia during a migrant crisis in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> Poland's Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Mariusz_Kami%C5%84ski" title="Mariusz Kamiński">Mariusz Kamiński</a> said that the new <a href="/wiki/Barbed_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbed tape">razor-wire</a> border fence armed with heat sensors and cameras will be similar to that on the Greece–Turkey border, with inspiration also drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_border_barrier" title="Hungarian border barrier">Hungarian border barrier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smuggling_of_cigarettes_and_drugs">Smuggling of cigarettes and drugs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Smuggling of cigarettes and drugs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Illicit_cigarette_trade#Belarus" title="Illicit cigarette trade">Illicit cigarette trade § Belarus</a></div> Belarus is one of the largest sources of illegal cigarettes in the European Union: in 2017, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Budget_and_Administration" title="European Commissioner for Budget and Administration">European Commissioner for Budget and Administration</a> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Oettinger" title="Günther Oettinger">Günther Oettinger</a> estimated that nearly 10% of illicit cigarettes in the EU originated from Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-europarl-294">[292]</a> It is alleged that the smuggling of the <a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Belarus#Cigarettes" title="Industry of Belarus">Belarusian-produced cigarettes</a> is facilitated by various businessmen, such as <a href="/wiki/Aliaksei_Aleksin" title="Aliaksei Aleksin">Aliaksei Aleksin</a>, who are close to Alexander Lukashenko.<a href="#cite_note-fp-295">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a> This contraband is thought to be an important revenue source for the Lukashenko regime.<a href="#cite_note-fp-295">[293]</a> During the early weeks of the migrant crisis, Belarusian border guards told journalists that they got orders to encourage not only illegal migration, but also cigarette smuggling.<a href="#cite_note-reform1-48">[48]</a> In May 2021, Polish customs found the largest cigarette shipment ever in a rail container estimated at US$10 million (~$11.1 million in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a> Among the threats to the European Union voiced by Alexander Lukashenko in May 2021, <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">drugs</a> were mentioned.<a href="#cite_note-times.0521-298">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[c]</a> A former employee of the presidential administration, Anatoly Kotov, suggested that Belarusian authorities could organize a "drug problem" for the EU after the migration crisis ends.<a href="#cite_note-300">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">Belarus–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Latvia_relations" title="Belarus–Latvia relations">Belarus–Latvia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="Belarus–Lithuania relations">Belarus–Lithuania relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Belarus–Poland relations">Belarus–Poland relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_diplomacy" title="Migration diplomacy">Migration diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarming (military)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Original quote: "As we were told by Iraqi citizen Amin (name changed), Alexander Lukashenko's speeches that Belarus would no longer obstruct refugees heading to the EU were broadcast for several days by the Iraqi state TV" («Как рассказал нам житель Ирака Амин (имя изменено), высказывания Александра Лукашенко о том, что Беларусь перестанет препятствовать беженцам, стремящимся в ЕС, по иракскому государственному телевидению крутили несколько дней подряд»). </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Tsentrkurort who is subordinated to the presidential administration of Belarus recommended the intermediary companies to check into hotels owned by the presidential administration: Minsk, Yubileyny, Prezident, Planeta.<a href="#cite_note-ky1-66">[65]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> Quote: "We stopped drugs and migrants. Now you will eat them and catch them yourselves."<a href="#cite_note-times.0521-298">[296]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/1608399215/estonia-has-caught-5-illegal-immigrants-from-belarus">"Estonia has caught 5 illegal immigrants from Belarus"</a>. ERR News. 24 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120185858/https://news.err.ee/1608399215/estonia-has-caught-5-illegal-immigrants-from-belarus">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021. 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Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Szczecin&rft.atitle=%C5%BBo%C5%82nierze+12DZ+ranni+w+starciach+na+polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej+granicy&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft.aulast=Kujawa&rft.aufirst=Emilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradioszczecin.pl%2F1%2C431203%2Czolnierze-12dz-ranni-w-starciach-na-polsko-bialo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvn24.pl/polska/kryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-starcie-na-przejsciu-w-kuznicy-ranni-policjanci-zolnierz-i-straznicy-graniczni-5491546">"Dziewięcioro policjantów, dwoje strażników granicznych i żołnierz. Ranni od kamieni i przedmiotów rzucanych przez migrantów"</a>. TVN24 (in Polish). 16 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117095024/https://tvn24.pl/polska/kryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-starcie-na-przejsciu-w-kuznicy-ranni-policjanci-zolnierz-i-straznicy-graniczni-5491546">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVN24&rft.atitle=Dziewi%C4%99cioro+policjant%C3%B3w%2C+dwoje+stra%C5%BCnik%C3%B3w+granicznych+i+%C5%BCo%C5%82nierz.+Ranni+od+kamieni+i+przedmiot%C3%B3w+rzucanych+przez+migrant%C3%B3w&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvn24.pl%2Fpolska%2Fkryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-starcie-na-przejsciu-w-kuznicy-ranni-policjanci-zolnierz-i-straznicy-graniczni-5491546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1482049/firefighter-fatally-injured-while-installing-barbed-wire-fence-on-lithuania-s-border">"Firefighter fatally injured while installing barbed wire fence on Lithuania's border"</a>. 31 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Firefighter+fatally+injured+while+installing+barbed+wire+fence+on+Lithuania%27s+border&rft.date=2021-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fen%2Fnews-in-english%2F19%2F1482049%2Ffirefighter-fatally-injured-while-installing-barbed-wire-fence-on-lithuania-s-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oko.press/smiertelne-zniwo-push-backow-na-granicy-z-bialorusia-znaleziono-ciala-az-4-migrantow">"Śmiertelne żniwo push backów na granicy z Białorusią - znaleziono ciała aż 4 migrantów"</a>. 14 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C5%9Amiertelne+%C5%BCniwo+push+back%C3%B3w+na+granicy+z+Bia%C5%82orusi%C4%85+-+znaleziono+cia%C5%82a+a%C5%BC+4+migrant%C3%B3w&rft.date=2023-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foko.press%2Fsmiertelne-zniwo-push-backow-na-granicy-z-bialorusia-znaleziono-ciala-az-4-migrantow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wprost.pl/kryzys-na-granicy/11453227/polska-zmieni-polityke-wobec-migrantow-to-juz-koniec-tego-procederu.html">"Polska zmieni politykę wobec migrantów? 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Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=EU+border+agency+Frontex+vows+additional+support+for+Lithuania+amid+migrant+crisis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Feu-border-agency-frontex-vows-additional-support-for-lithuania-amid-migrant-crisis%2Fa-58227983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPancevskiHinshaw2021" class="citation news cs1">Pancevski, Bojan; Hinshaw, Drew (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/europe-weighs-border-walls-as-migrants-mass-in-belarus-at-polands-frontier-11636649364">"Europe Weighs Border Walls as Migrants Mass in Belarus at Poland's Frontier"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Europe+Weighs+Border+Walls+as+Migrants+Mass+in+Belarus+at+Poland%27s+Frontier&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Pancevski&rft.aufirst=Bojan&rft.au=Hinshaw%2C+Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Feurope-weighs-border-walls-as-migrants-mass-in-belarus-at-polands-frontier-11636649364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lt-completes-barrier-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lt-completes-barrier_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lt-completes-barrier_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/lithuania-wall-belarus-border-illegal-migrants/32009541.html">"Lithuania Finishes Building Wall On Belarusian Border To Stem Flow Of Illegal Migrants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. 29 August 2022. 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Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Court+tells+Poland%2C+Latvia+to+aid+migrants+on+Belarus+border&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fcourt-tells-poland-latvia-to-aid-migrants-on-belarus-border%2Fa-58984846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGórny2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Górny, Usnarz (3 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amnesty.org.pl/stan-wyjatkowy-grozi-pogorszeniem-tragicznej-sytuacji-osob-ubiegajacych-sie-o-status-uchodzcy-na-granicy/">"Polska: Stan wyjątkowy grozi pogorszeniem i tak już tragicznej sytuacji 32 osób ubiegających się o status uchodźcy na granicy"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210903132358/https://amnesty.org.pl/stan-wyjatkowy-grozi-pogorszeniem-tragicznej-sytuacji-osob-ubiegajacych-sie-o-status-uchodzcy-na-granicy/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2021. 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Deutsche Welle (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026130823/https://www.dw.com/ru/golos-opublikoval-itogovyj-otchet-o-vyborah-v-belarusi/a-54639938">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=%22%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%22+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft.aulast=Gunkel&rft.aufirst=Yelena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fru%2Fgolos-opublikoval-itogovyj-otchet-o-vyborah-v-belarusi%2Fa-54639938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/31/osce-leave-belarus-election-fraud-claims">"OSCE observers told to leave Belarus over election fraud claims"</a>. The Guardian. Associated Press. 31 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109024225/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/31/osce-leave-belarus-election-fraud-claims">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=OSCE+observers+told+to+leave+Belarus+over+election+fraud+claims&rft.date=2010-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fdec%2F31%2Fosce-leave-belarus-election-fraud-claims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belarus_election_notdemo-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Belarus_election_notdemo_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2018" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Mark P. (April 2018). Herron, Erik S.; Pekkanen, Robert J.; Shugart, Matthew S. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190258658.001.0001">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-025865-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-025865-8"><bdi>978-0-19-025865-8</bdi></a>. <q>unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... Lukashenko's 2015 election occurred within an authoritarian context.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Electoral+Systems&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190258658.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-025865-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mark+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlanticcouncil_about_elections-41"><a href="#cite_ref-atlanticcouncil_about_elections_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickinson2020" class="citation news cs1">Dickinson, Peter (10 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/lukashenko-vs-democracy-where-is-belarus-heading/">"Lukashenka vs. democracy: Where is Belarus heading?"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/poland-police-hit-stones-migrants-border-81161514">the original</a> on 21 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Polish+PM+mulls+asking+NATO+to+hold+talks+amid+border+crisis&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft.aulast=Gera&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fpoland-police-hit-stones-migrants-border-81161514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeseckytė" class="citation web cs1">Peseckytė, Giedrė. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/25/in-lithuania-a-refugee-crisis-blamed-on-belarus-is-brewing">"In Lithuania, a refugee crisis blamed on Belarus is brewing"</a>. 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Как мигранты стали оружием в противостоянии Лукашенко с Западом"</a>. BBC News Русская служба. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806143013/https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-58026822">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%22%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%22.+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%81+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC&rft.date=2021-08-02&rft.aulast=Antonenko&rft.aufirst=Oksana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Ffeatures-58026822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1437124/is-belarus-operating-a-migrant-smuggling-network">"Is Belarus operating a migrant smuggling network?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LRT_Radijas" title="LRT Radijas">LRT Radijas</a>. 22 June 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LRT+Radijas&rft.atitle=Is+Belarus+operating+a+migrant+smuggling+network%3F&rft.date=2021-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fen%2Fnews-in-english%2F19%2F1437124%2Fis-belarus-operating-a-migrant-smuggling-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kp-61"><a href="#cite_ref-kp_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamovich2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adamovich, Oleg (28 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kp.ru/daily/28309/4450794/">"Как я искал мигрантов, пробирающихся из Белоруссии в Евросоюз"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814123844/https://www.kp.ru/daily/28309/4450794/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Komsomolskaya+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7&rft.date=2021-07-28&rft.aulast=Adamovich&rft.aufirst=Oleg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kp.ru%2Fdaily%2F28309%2F4450794%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euroradio.fm/ru/v-belarus-otkrylis-tri-novyh-aviareysa-iz-iraka">"В Беларусь открылись три новых авиарейса из Ирака"</a>. Новости Беларуси | euroradio.fm. 2 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802144205/https://euroradio.fm/ru/v-belarus-otkrylis-tri-novyh-aviareysa-iz-iraka">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%26%23124%3B+euroradio.fm&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2021-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuroradio.fm%2Fru%2Fv-belarus-otkrylis-tri-novyh-aviareysa-iz-iraka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.haberturk.com/belavia-turkiye-den-belarus-a-irak-suriye-ve-yemen-vatandaslarini-tasimayacak-3251254-amp">"Belavia, Türkiye'den Belarus'a Irak, Suriye ve Yemen vatandaşlarını taşımayacak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Habert%C3%BCrk" title="Habertürk">Habertürk</a> (in Turkish). 14 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114212308/https://m.haberturk.com/belavia-turkiye-den-belarus-a-irak-suriye-ve-yemen-vatandaslarini-tasimayacak-3251254-amp">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Habert%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=Belavia%2C+T%C3%BCrkiye%27den+Belarus%27a+Irak%2C+Suriye+ve+Yemen+vatanda%C5%9Flar%C4%B1n%C4%B1+ta%C5%9F%C4%B1mayacak.&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.haberturk.com%2Fbelavia-turkiye-den-belarus-a-irak-suriye-ve-yemen-vatandaslarini-tasimayacak-3251254-amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakob2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jakob, Christian (19 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taz.de/Fluechtlingskonflikt-mit-Belarus/!5808819/">"Bundespolizei soll an Polens Grenze"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Die_Tageszeitung" title="Die Tageszeitung">Die Tageszeitung</a> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024203857/https://taz.de/Fluechtlingskonflikt-mit-Belarus/!5808819/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Tageszeitung&rft.atitle=Bundespolizei+soll+an+Polens+Grenze&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft.aulast=Jakob&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaz.de%2FFluechtlingskonflikt-mit-Belarus%2F%215808819%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reform.by/271730-charternyj-rejs-iz-sirii-v-minsk-stal-postojannym-i-ezhednevnym/">"Чартерный рейс из Сирии в Минск стал постоянным и ежедневным"</a>. Reform.by (in Russian). 28 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030080450/https://reform.by/271730-charternyj-rejs-iz-sirii-v-minsk-stal-postojannym-i-ezhednevnym/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reform.by&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freform.by%2F271730-charternyj-rejs-iz-sirii-v-minsk-stal-postojannym-i-ezhednevnym%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ky1-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ky1_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ky1_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkova" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Volkova, Marina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyky.org/money/kto-zarabatyvaet-na-nelegalnoy-migratsii-i-pri-chem-tut-upravdelami-prezidenta-uznali-u-cheloveka-kotoryy-prinimaet-inostrantsev-v-belarusi">"Кто зарабатывает на нелегальной миграции и при чём тут управделами президента: узнали у человека, который принимает иностранцев в Беларуси"</a>. kyky.org (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021140643/https://kyky.org/money/kto-zarabatyvaet-na-nelegalnoy-migratsii-i-pri-chem-tut-upravdelami-prezidenta-uznali-u-cheloveka-kotoryy-prinimaet-inostrantsev-v-belarusi">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kyky.org&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BC+%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%3A+%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%83+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.aulast=Volkova&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyky.org%2Fmoney%2Fkto-zarabatyvaet-na-nelegalnoy-migratsii-i-pri-chem-tut-upravdelami-prezidenta-uznali-u-cheloveka-kotoryy-prinimaet-inostrantsev-v-belarusi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dossier-68"><a href="#cite_ref-dossier_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dossier.center/bel-tours/">"Минск мстит Европе с помощью беженцев из Ирака: К миграционному кризису в Литве причастна белорусская госкомпания"</a>. Досье (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814123844/https://dossier.center/bel-tours/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5+%D1%81+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%9A+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83+%D0%B2+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdossier.center%2Fbel-tours%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebelReuter2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hebel, Christina; Reuter, Christoph (13 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/belarus-wie-alexander-lukaschenko-schutzsuchende-gezielt-in-die-eu-schleust-a-3a5952cb-0002-0001-0000-000178784949">"Lukaschenko, König der Schleuser: Wie Belarus zum Sprungbrett für Geflüchtete wird"</a>. Der Spiegel (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2195-1349">2195-1349</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814110514/https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/belarus-wie-alexander-lukaschenko-schutzsuchende-gezielt-in-die-eu-schleust-a-3a5952cb-0002-0001-0000-000178784949">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Lukaschenko%2C+K%C3%B6nig+der+Schleuser%3A+Wie+Belarus+zum+Sprungbrett+f%C3%BCr+Gefl%C3%BCchtete+wird&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft.aulast=Hebel&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.au=Reuter%2C+Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fausland%2Fbelarus-wie-alexander-lukaschenko-schutzsuchende-gezielt-in-die-eu-schleust-a-3a5952cb-0002-0001-0000-000178784949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpk.gov.by/covid-19/">"Пересечение границы Республики Беларусь в условиях COVID-19"</a>. State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163545/https://gpk.gov.by/covid-19/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Border+Committee+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85+COVID-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpk.gov.by%2Fcovid-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkova2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Volkova, Marina (20 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyky.org/money/pryamo-seychas-v-aeroportu-minska-na-migrantah-nelegalno-nazhivaetsya-neskolko-turfirm-mini-rassledovanie-kyky-rech-o-millionah">"Прямо сейчас в аэропорту Минска на мигрантах нелегально наживается несколько турфирм. Мини-расследование KYKY (речь о миллионах!)"</a>. kyky.org (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021140638/https://kyky.org/money/pryamo-seychas-v-aeroportu-minska-na-migrantah-nelegalno-nazhivaetsya-neskolko-turfirm-mini-rassledovanie-kyky-rech-o-millionah">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kyky.org&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81+%D0%B2+%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC.+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+KYKY+%28%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C+%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%21%29&rft.date=2021-10-20&rft.aulast=Volkova&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyky.org%2Fmoney%2Fpryamo-seychas-v-aeroportu-minska-na-migrantah-nelegalno-nazhivaetsya-neskolko-turfirm-mini-rassledovanie-kyky-rech-o-millionah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadjBaranovskaya2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Madj, Robert; Baranovskaya, Marina (2 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/ru/belorusskij-marshrut-kak-migranty-iz-iraka-popadajut-cherez-minsk-v-es/a-59685694">"Белорусский маршрут: как мигранты из Ирака попадают через Минск в ЕС"</a>. Deutsche Welle (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114230300/https://www.dw.com/ru/belorusskij-marshrut-kak-migranty-iz-iraka-popadajut-cherez-minsk-v-es/a-59685694">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%A1&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft.aulast=Madj&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Baranovskaya%2C+Marina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fru%2Fbelorusskij-marshrut-kak-migranty-iz-iraka-popadajut-cherez-minsk-v-es%2Fa-59685694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belsat.eu/news/03-08-2021-iraktsy-adkryta-raskazvayuts-yak-z-belarusi-nelegalna-trapits-u-litvu/">"Іракцы адкрыта расказваюць, як з Беларусі трапіць у Літву без дакументаў"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Belsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Belsat">Belsat</a> (in Belarusian). 3 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803191505/https://belsat.eu/news/03-08-2021-iraktsy-adkryta-raskazvayuts-yak-z-belarusi-nelegalna-trapits-u-litvu/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belsat&rft.atitle=%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8C%2C+%D1%8F%D0%BA+%D0%B7+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C+%D1%83+%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E&rft.date=2021-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelsat.eu%2Fnews%2F03-08-2021-iraktsy-adkryta-raskazvayuts-yak-z-belarusi-nelegalna-trapits-u-litvu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-curr2-74"><a href="#cite_ref-curr2_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreeva2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Andreeva, Maria (2 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.currenttime.tv/a/v-irake-ploho-strelyayut-i-net-deneg-zdes-tozhe-ploho-my-zaperty-rasskazy-nelegalov-kotorye-perebralis-v-litvu-iz-belarusi/31389696.html">""В Ираке плохо: стреляют и нет денег. Здесь тоже плохо, мы заперты". Рассказы нелегальных мигрантов, которые пробрались в Литву из Беларуси"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Current_Time_TV" title="Current Time TV">Current Time TV</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814123843/https://www.currenttime.tv/a/v-irake-ploho-strelyayut-i-net-deneg-zdes-tozhe-ploho-my-zaperty-rasskazy-nelegalov-kotorye-perebralis-v-litvu-iz-belarusi/31389696.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Current+Time+TV&rft.atitle=%22%D0%92+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%3A+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3.+%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%2C+%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%22.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.date=2021-08-02&rft.aulast=Andreeva&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.currenttime.tv%2Fa%2Fv-irake-ploho-strelyayut-i-net-deneg-zdes-tozhe-ploho-my-zaperty-rasskazy-nelegalov-kotorye-perebralis-v-litvu-iz-belarusi%2F31389696.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59343815">"Belarus's Lukashenko tells BBC: We may have helped migrants into EU"</a>. 19 November 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Belarus%27s+Lukashenko+tells+BBC%3A+We+may+have+helped+migrants+into+EU&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-59343815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dw_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw_76-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw_76-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw_76-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/patrolling-lithuanias-border-with-belarus/a-58677447">"Patrolling Lithuania's border with Belarus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 28 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805182319/https://www.dw.com/en/patrolling-lithuanias-border-with-belarus/a-58677447">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Patrolling+Lithuania%27s+border+with+Belarus&rft.date=2021-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fpatrolling-lithuanias-border-with-belarus%2Fa-58677447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-delfi0308-77"><a href="#cite_ref-delfi0308_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/a/87855577">"Мигрантов сопровождают до самой границы Литвы: Frontex зафиксировало действия белорусских пограничников"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a> (in Russian). 3 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163529/https://www.delfi.lt/ru/news/live/migrantov-soprovozhdayut-do-samoj-granicy-litvy-frontex-zafiksirovalo-dejstviya-belorusskih-pogranichnikov.d?id=87855577">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B%3A+Frontex+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2021-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fa%2F87855577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euroradio.fm/ru/nelegalnyh-migrantov-zaranee-uchat-chto-govorit-na-doprosah-minoborony-litvy">"Нелегальных мигрантов заранее учат, что говорить на допросах — минобороны Литвы"</a>. Euroradio (in Russian). 13 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016111626/https://euroradio.fm/ru/nelegalnyh-migrantov-zaranee-uchat-chto-govorit-na-doprosah-minoborony-litvy">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2021. 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ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016111216/https://abcnews.go.com/International/trapped-woods-belarus-accused-migrants-weapons/story?id=80579382">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Trapped+in+the+woods%3A+Belarus+accused+of+using+migrants+as+weapons&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft.aulast=Reevell&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=de+la+Cuetara%2C+Ines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Ftrapped-woods-belarus-accused-migrants-weapons%2Fstory%3Fid%3D80579382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belsat.eu/pl/news/13-11-2021-bialoruscy-zolnierze-strzelaja-w-powietrze-probuja-uspokoic-migrantow-wideo">"Białoruscy żołnierze strzelają w powietrze. 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Сколько денег Беларусь получила от Евросоюза на укрепление границы?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Belsat_TV" title="Belsat TV">Belsat TV</a> (in Russian). 9 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112204518/https://belsat.eu/ru/news/09-07-2021-zabytye-milliony-skolko-deneg-belarus-poluchila-ot-evrosoyuza-na-ukreplenie-granitsy/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belsat+TV&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.+%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%3F&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelsat.eu%2Fru%2Fnews%2F09-07-2021-zabytye-milliony-skolko-deneg-belarus-poluchila-ot-evrosoyuza-na-ukreplenie-granitsy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euroradio.fm/migrantam-mozhna-usyo-top-parushennyau-na-myazhy-na-yakiya-zakryli-vochy">"Мігрантам можна ўсё? ТОП парушэнняў на мяжы, на якія "закрылі вочы""</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Radio_for_Belarus" title="European Radio for Belarus">European Radio for Belarus</a> (in Belarusian). 18 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118184049/https://euroradio.fm/migrantam-mozhna-usyo-top-parushennyau-na-myazhy-na-yakiya-zakryli-vochy">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Radio+for+Belarus&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%91%3F+%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%9F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%B6%D1%8B%2C+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F+%22%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8B%22&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuroradio.fm%2Fmigrantam-mozhna-usyo-top-parushennyau-na-myazhy-na-yakiya-zakryli-vochy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters20211014-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters20211014_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters20211014_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlucinskaPempel2021" class="citation web cs1">Plucinska, Joanna; Pempel, Kacper (14 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/forests-poland-belarus-border-migrants-fight-survival-2021-10-14/">"In forests on Poland-Belarus border, migrants fight for survival"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016110113/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/forests-poland-belarus-border-migrants-fight-survival-2021-10-14/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+forests+on+Poland-Belarus+border%2C+migrants+fight+for+survival&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft.aulast=Plucinska&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft.au=Pempel%2C+Kacper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fforests-poland-belarus-border-migrants-fight-survival-2021-10-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C999066%2Ckaminski-do-migrantow-wysylany-jest-alert-rcb-dementujacy-plotki-o">"Kamiński: do migrantów wysyłany jest alert RCB dementujący plotki o tranzycie do Niemiec"</a>. Polska Agencja Prasowa (in Polish). 13 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163531/https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C999066%2Ckaminski-do-migrantow-wysylany-jest-alert-rcb-dementujacy-plotki-o">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polska+Agencja+Prasowa&rft.atitle=Kami%C5%84ski%3A+do+migrant%C3%B3w+wysy%C5%82any+jest+alert+RCB+dementuj%C4%85cy+plotki+o+tranzycie+do+Niemiec&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pap.pl%2Faktualnosci%2Fnews%252C999066%252Ckaminski-do-migrantow-wysylany-jest-alert-rcb-dementujacy-plotki-o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/bialystok/podlasie-policja-zatrzymala-czworo-kolejnych-kurierow-imigrantow/z89dgzh">"Policja zatrzymała czworo kolejnych kurierów migrantów"</a>. Polska Agencja Prasowa (in Polish). 4 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111211556/https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/bialystok/podlasie-policja-zatrzymala-czworo-kolejnych-kurierow-imigrantow/z89dgzh">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021 – via Onet Wiadomości.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polska+Agencja+Prasowa&rft.atitle=Policja+zatrzyma%C5%82a+czworo+kolejnych+kurier%C3%B3w+migrant%C3%B3w&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.onet.pl%2Fbialystok%2Fpodlasie-policja-zatrzymala-czworo-kolejnych-kurierow-imigrantow%2Fz89dgzh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charter97.org/ru/news/2021/11/16/444333/">"Мигрантов гонит на штурм границы лукашенковский заградотряд"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charter_97" title="Charter 97">Charter 97</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117054934/https://charter97.org/ru/news/2021/11/16/444333/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charter+97&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharter97.org%2Fru%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F16%2F444333%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalip2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Khalip, Irina (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2021/11/10/kordon-shtopanyi">"Кордон штопаный"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117054932/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2021/11/10/kordon-shtopanyi">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Khalip&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovayagazeta.ru%2Farticles%2F2021%2F11%2F10%2Fkordon-shtopanyi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-c97.20211013-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c97.20211013_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c97.20211013_91-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c97.20211013_91-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c97.20211013_91-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charter97.org/en/news/2021/10/13/440387/">""We Are Begging Belarusians: Let Us Return To Iraq""</a>. Charter '97. 13 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016110105/https://charter97.org/en/news/2021/10/13/440387/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charter+%2797&rft.atitle=%22We+Are+Begging+Belarusians%3A+Let+Us+Return+To+Iraq%22&rft.date=2021-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharter97.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2021%2F10%2F13%2F440387%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.zerkalo.io/life/5760.html">"Курдский журналист прилетел в Беларусь и попросил здесь убежище — его сразу же депортировали. Мы с ним поговорили"</a>. zerkalo.io. 15 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115190235/https://news.zerkalo.io/life/5760.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zerkalo.io&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C+%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5+%E2%80%94+%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83+%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8.+%D0%9C%D1%8B+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.zerkalo.io%2Flife%2F5760.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArraf2021" class="citation news cs1">Arraf, Jane (10 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/10/world/middleeast/migrants-belarus-border-abuse.html">"Migrants Say They Face Abuse on Both Sides of Belarus Border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163544/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/10/world/middleeast/migrants-belarus-border-abuse.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Migrants+Say+They+Face+Abuse+on+Both+Sides+of+Belarus+Border&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Arraf&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F10%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fmigrants-belarus-border-abuse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw.1-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrw.1_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw.1_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/11/24/belarus/poland-abuse-pushbacks-border">"Belarus/Poland: Abuse, Pushbacks At Border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Belarus%2FPoland%3A+Abuse%2C+Pushbacks+At+Border&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Fbelarus%2Fpoland-abuse-pushbacks-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-crng.121121-95"><a href="#cite_ref-crng.121121_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamorukov2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Samorukov, Maksim (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegie.ru/commentary/85759">"Очень северный Курдистан. К чему приведет кризис на белорусско-польской границе"</a>. carnegie.ru (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112201348/https://carnegie.ru/commentary/85759">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=carnegie.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD.+%D0%9A+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Samorukov&rft.aufirst=Maksim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegie.ru%2Fcommentary%2F85759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotocki2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Potocki, Michał (13 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/magazyn-na-weekend/artykuly/8225455,kryzys-migracyjny-na-litwie.html">"Mały skok i jesteś w Unii. Reportaż o kryzysie migracyjnym na Litwie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dziennik_Gazeta_Prawna" title="Dziennik Gazeta Prawna">Dziennik Gazeta Prawna</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109024227/https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/magazyn-na-weekend/artykuly/8225455,kryzys-migracyjny-na-litwie.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dziennik+Gazeta+Prawna&rft.atitle=Ma%C5%82y+skok+i+jeste%C5%9B+w+Unii.+Reporta%C5%BC+o+kryzysie+migracyjnym+na+Litwie&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft.aulast=Potocki&rft.aufirst=Micha%C5%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetaprawna.pl%2Fmagazyn-na-weekend%2Fartykuly%2F8225455%2Ckryzys-migracyjny-na-litwie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_97-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_97-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/belarus-grenze-litauen-migranten-101.html">"Litauen errichtet Grenzzaun"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tagesschau_(German_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagesschau (German TV series)">Tagesschau</a> (in German). 9 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031092504/https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/belarus-grenze-litauen-migranten-101.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tagesschau&rft.atitle=Litauen+errichtet+Grenzzaun&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Fausland%2Feuropa%2Fbelarus-grenze-litauen-migranten-101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/straipsnis-nelegaliu-migrantu-krize-lietuva-uzklumpa-nebe-pirma-karta">"Nelegalių migrantų krizė Lietuvą užklumpa nebe pirmą kartą"</a>. Department of Statistics of Lithuania. 1 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210808221111/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/straipsnis-nelegaliu-migrantu-krize-lietuva-uzklumpa-nebe-pirma-karta">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Statistics+of+Lithuania&rft.atitle=Nelegali%C5%B3+migrant%C5%B3+kriz%C4%97+Lietuv%C4%85+u%C5%BEklumpa+nebe+pirm%C4%85+kart%C4%85&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2Fen%2Fstraipsnis-nelegaliu-migrantu-krize-lietuva-uzklumpa-nebe-pirma-karta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDapkus2021" class="citation web cs1">Dapkus, Liudas (7 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/lithuania-middle-east-europe-belarus-migration-f168edbea52d86f460e2a6a7c4c26e73">"Lithuania says Belarus could be behind recent migrant influx"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628172857/https://apnews.com/article/lithuania-middle-east-europe-belarus-migration-f168edbea52d86f460e2a6a7c4c26e73">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Lithuania+says+Belarus+could+be+behind+recent+migrant+influx&rft.date=2021-06-07&rft.aulast=Dapkus&rft.aufirst=Liudas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flithuania-middle-east-europe-belarus-migration-f168edbea52d86f460e2a6a7c4c26e73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ft_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilneShotter2021" class="citation web cs1">Milne, Richard; Shotter, James (14 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/0ad28032-6102-41a0-ad8d-b80460e52867">"Belarus 'weaponising' illegal migration, Lithuania says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711050710/https://www.ft.com/content/0ad28032-6102-41a0-ad8d-b80460e52867">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Belarus+%27weaponising%27+illegal+migration%2C+Lithuania+says&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Shotter%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F0ad28032-6102-41a0-ad8d-b80460e52867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909220343/https://thecanadian.news/2021/08/09/lukashenko-threatens-europe-who-wants-dirty-bombs-inside-the-eu-he-asks/">"Lukashenko threatens Europe: "Who wants dirty bombs inside the EU?" he asks"</a>. The Canadian. 9 August 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecanadian.news/2021/08/09/lukashenko-threatens-europe-who-wants-dirty-bombs-inside-the-eu-he-asks/">the original</a> on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian&rft.atitle=Lukashenko+threatens+Europe%3A+%22Who+wants+dirty+bombs+inside+the+EU%3F%22+he+asks&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecanadian.news%2F2021%2F08%2F09%2Flukashenko-threatens-europe-who-wants-dirty-bombs-inside-the-eu-he-asks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reform.by/235659-migranty-ustroili-bunt-v-litovskom-migracionnom-centre-primenjalsja-slezotochivyj-gaz">"Мигранты устроили бунт в литовском миграционном центре. Применялся слезоточивый газ"</a>. reform.by. 24 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802140549/https://reform.by/235659-migranty-ustroili-bunt-v-litovskom-migracionnom-centre-primenjalsja-slezotochivyj-gaz">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reform.by&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B+%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%B2+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5.+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freform.by%2F235659-migranty-ustroili-bunt-v-litovskom-migracionnom-centre-primenjalsja-slezotochivyj-gaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPankunasMurauskaite2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pankunas, Gitis; Murauskaite, Aida (23 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/ru/novosti/17/1455644/litva-dvoe-detei-migrantov-okazalis-v-reanimatsii-ikh-otravili-psikhotropnymi-veshchestvami">"Литва: двое детей мигрантов оказались в реанимации – их отравили психотропными веществами"</a>. lrt.lt (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802134228/https://www.lrt.lt/ru/novosti/17/1455644/litva-dvoe-detei-migrantov-okazalis-v-reanimatsii-ikh-otravili-psikhotropnymi-veshchestvami">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=lrt.lt&rft.atitle=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%3A+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&rft.date=2021-07-23&rft.aulast=Pankunas&rft.aufirst=Gitis&rft.au=Murauskaite%2C+Aida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fru%2Fnovosti%2F17%2F1455644%2Flitva-dvoe-detei-migrantov-okazalis-v-reanimatsii-ikh-otravili-psikhotropnymi-veshchestvami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallis2021" class="citation web cs1">Wallis, Emma (29 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/35377/go-back-to-minsk-polands-border-guards-text-migrants">"'Go back to Minsk!': Poland's border guards text migrants"</a>. InfoMigrants. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109222406/https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/35377/go-back-to-minsk-polands-border-guards-text-migrants">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoMigrants&rft.atitle=%27Go+back+to+Minsk%21%27%3A+Poland%27s+border+guards+text+migrants&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.aulast=Wallis&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infomigrants.net%2Fen%2Fpost%2F35377%2Fgo-back-to-minsk-polands-border-guards-text-migrants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeniušisBalkūnas2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Beniušis, Vaidotas; Balkūnas, Vidmantas (5 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/isskirtine-medziaga-lietuviu-grazintus-migrantus-baltarusija-stumia-atgal-56-1545890">"Baltarusijos pareigūnai su skydais blokuoja migrantų grąžinimą: kadrai iš pasienio"</a>. <a href="/wiki/15min.lt" class="mw-redirect" title="15min.lt">15min.lt</a> (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805193634/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/isskirtine-medziaga-lietuviu-grazintus-migrantus-baltarusija-stumia-atgal-56-1545890">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=15min.lt&rft.atitle=Baltarusijos+pareig%C5%ABnai+su+skydais+blokuoja+migrant%C5%B3+gr%C4%85%C5%BEinim%C4%85%3A+kadrai+i%C5%A1+pasienio&rft.date=2021-08-05&rft.aulast=Beniu%C5%A1is&rft.aufirst=Vaidotas&rft.au=Balk%C5%ABnas%2C+Vidmantas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fnaujiena%2Faktualu%2Flietuva%2Fisskirtine-medziaga-lietuviu-grazintus-migrantus-baltarusija-stumia-atgal-56-1545890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/aprase-tragedijas-kurias-savo-akimis-pamate-sianakt-pasienyje-aidejo-baltarusijos-pasienieciu-automatu-suviai-i-ora.d?id=87887271">"Aprašė tragedijas, kurias savo akimis pamatė šiąnakt pasienyje: aidėjo Baltarusijos pasieniečių automatų šūviai į orą"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DELFI" class="mw-redirect" title="DELFI">DELFI</a> (in Lithuanian). 6 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806150059/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/aprase-tragedijas-kurias-savo-akimis-pamate-sianakt-pasienyje-aidejo-baltarusijos-pasienieciu-automatu-suviai-i-ora.d?id=87887271">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI&rft.atitle=Apra%C5%A1%C4%97+tragedijas%2C+kurias+savo+akimis+pamat%C4%97+%C5%A1i%C4%85nakt+pasienyje%3A+aid%C4%97jo+Baltarusijos+pasienie%C4%8Di%C5%B3+automat%C5%B3+%C5%A1%C5%ABviai+%C4%AF+or%C4%85&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Flithuania%2Faprase-tragedijas-kurias-savo-akimis-pamate-sianakt-pasienyje-aidejo-baltarusijos-pasienieciu-automatu-suviai-i-ora.d%3Fid%3D87887271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/pasaulis/irakas-neterminuotai-stabdo-visus-keleivinius-skrydzius-i-minska-57-1546596">"Irakas neterminuotai stabdo visus keleivinius skrydžius į Minską"</a>. <a href="/wiki/15min.lt" class="mw-redirect" title="15min.lt">15min.lt</a> (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210808221142/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/pasaulis/irakas-neterminuotai-stabdo-visus-keleivinius-skrydzius-i-minska-57-1546596">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=15min.lt&rft.atitle=Irakas+neterminuotai+stabdo+visus+keleivinius+skryd%C5%BEius+%C4%AF+Minsk%C4%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fnaujiena%2Faktualu%2Fpasaulis%2Firakas-neterminuotai-stabdo-visus-keleivinius-skrydzius-i-minska-57-1546596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-58255448">"Lithuania says Belarus officers illegally pushed migrants over border"</a>. BBC. 18 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818125334/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-58255448">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Lithuania+says+Belarus+officers+illegally+pushed+migrants+over+border&rft.date=2021-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-58255448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltictimes.com/video_footage_taken_by_latvian_border_guards_show_participation_of_belarusian_militarized_units_in_trafficking_of_migrants_to_the_border_with_latvia/">"Video footage taken by Latvian border guards show participation of Belarusian militarized units in trafficking of migrants to the border with Latvia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Baltic_Times" title="The Baltic Times">The Baltic Times</a>. 14 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814103743/https://www.baltictimes.com/video_footage_taken_by_latvian_border_guards_show_participation_of_belarusian_militarized_units_in_trafficking_of_migrants_to_the_border_with_latvia/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltic+Times&rft.atitle=Video+footage+taken+by+Latvian+border+guards+show+participation+of+Belarusian+militarized+units+in+trafficking+of+migrants+to+the+border+with+Latvia&rft.date=2021-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltictimes.com%2Fvideo_footage_taken_by_latvian_border_guards_show_participation_of_belarusian_militarized_units_in_trafficking_of_migrants_to_the_border_with_latvia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrytas.lt/lietuvosdiena/aktualijos/2021/08/17/news/naujas-lietuvos-pasienieciu-atsakas-baltarusiams-mes-gi-irgi-filmuojam--20458347/">"Naujas Lietuvos pasieniečių atsakas baltarusiams: "Mes gi irgi filmuojam""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lrytas.lt" title="Lrytas.lt">lrytas.lt</a> (in Lithuanian). 17 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824212438/https://www.lrytas.lt/lietuvosdiena/aktualijos/2021/08/17/news/naujas-lietuvos-pasienieciu-atsakas-baltarusiams-mes-gi-irgi-filmuojam--20458347/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrytas.lt&rft.atitle=Naujas+Lietuvos+pasienie%C4%8Di%C5%B3+atsakas+baltarusiams%3A+%22Mes+gi+irgi+filmuojam%22&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrytas.lt%2Flietuvosdiena%2Faktualijos%2F2021%2F08%2F17%2Fnews%2Fnaujas-lietuvos-pasienieciu-atsakas-baltarusiams-mes-gi-irgi-filmuojam--20458347%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reform.by/265019-na-belarussko-litovskoj-granice-nashli-telo-migranta">"Возле беларусско-литовской границы нашли тело мигранта"</a>. REFORM.by (in Russian). 7 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007192314/https://reform.by/265019-na-belarussko-litovskoj-granice-nashli-telo-migranta/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REFORM.by&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=2021-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freform.by%2F265019-na-belarussko-litovskoj-granice-nashli-telo-migranta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-en1-112"><a href="#cite_ref-en1_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/03/lithuania-declares-state-of-emergency-over-migrant-arrivals-from-belarus">"Lithuania declares state of emergency over migrant arrivals from Belarus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. 3 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223958/https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/03/lithuania-declares-state-of-emergency-over-migrant-arrivals-from-belarus">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Lithuania+declares+state+of+emergency+over+migrant+arrivals+from+Belarus&rft.date=2021-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2021%2F07%2F03%2Flithuania-declares-state-of-emergency-over-migrant-arrivals-from-belarus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vz.lt/verslo-aplinka/2021/07/02/vsat-siulo-del-migrantu-skelbti-ekstremalia-situacija">"Dėl migrantų antplūdžio valstybės mastu paskelbta ekstremali situacija"</a>. Verslo Žinios (in Lithuanian). 2 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110201532/https://www.vz.lt/verslo-aplinka/2021/07/02/vsat-siulo-del-migrantu-skelbti-ekstremalia-situacija">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Verslo+%C5%BDinios&rft.atitle=D%C4%97l+migrant%C5%B3+antpl%C5%ABd%C5%BEio+valstyb%C4%97s+mastu+paskelbta+ekstremali+situacija&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vz.lt%2Fverslo-aplinka%2F2021%2F07%2F02%2Fvsat-siulo-del-migrantu-skelbti-ekstremalia-situacija&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanauskene2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Danauskene, Vilma (23 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/a/87771257">"Литва готовится к худшему сценарию: в Швенченском районе появится городок на 40 000 мигрантов"</a>. DELFI (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163547/https://www.delfi.lt/ru/news/live/litva-gotovitsya-k-hudshemu-scenariyu-v-shvenchenskom-rajone-poyavitsya-gorodok-na-40-000-migrantov.d?id=87771257">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI&rft.atitle=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BA+%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8E%3A+%D0%B2+%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BD%D0%B0+40+000+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2021-07-23&rft.aulast=Danauskene&rft.aufirst=Vilma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fa%2F87771257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2021" class="citation web cs1">Armstrong, Mark (24 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/24/lithuanian-border-town-protests-over-number-of-migrants-from-belarus">"Lithuanian border town protests over number of migrants from Belarus"</a>. Euronews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802213803/https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/24/lithuanian-border-town-protests-over-number-of-migrants-from-belarus">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Lithuanian+border+town+protests+over+number+of+migrants+from+Belarus&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2021%2F07%2F24%2Flithuanian-border-town-protests-over-number-of-migrants-from-belarus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/ru/novosti/17/1457544/zhiteli-blokiruiut-podstupy-k-poligonu-v-rudninkai-gde-planiruetsia-razmestit-migrantov">"Жители блокируют подступы к полигону в Руднинкай, где планируется разместить мигрантов"</a>. lrt.lt. 26 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802140848/https://www.lrt.lt/ru/novosti/17/1457544/zhiteli-blokiruiut-podstupy-k-poligonu-v-rudninkai-gde-planiruetsia-razmestit-migrantov">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrt.lt&rft.atitle=%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8B+%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%2C+%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fru%2Fnovosti%2F17%2F1457544%2Fzhiteli-blokiruiut-podstupy-k-poligonu-v-rudninkai-gde-planiruetsia-razmestit-migrantov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reform.by/242987-nauseda-podpisal-spornyj-zakon-ob-pravovom-statuse-migrantov">"Науседа подписал спорный закон о правовом статусе мигрантов"</a>. 21 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210726082620/https://reform.by/242987-nauseda-podpisal-spornyj-zakon-ob-pravovom-statuse-migrantov">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2021-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freform.by%2F242987-nauseda-podpisal-spornyj-zakon-ob-pravovom-statuse-migrantov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57754193">"Lithuania plans barrier on Belarus border to stem migrant flow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 7 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713203634/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57754193">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lithuania+plans+barrier+on+Belarus+border+to+stem+migrant+flow&rft.date=2021-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-57754193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaučaitė-ZnutienėPankūnas2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gaučaitė-Znutienė, Modesta; Pankūnas, Gytis (5 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1463272/vsat-vadas-pristate-kaip-atrodytu-tvora-lietuvos-ir-baltarusijos-pasienyje-kainuotu-apie-150-mln-euru-statybos-truktu-dvejus-metus">"VSAT vadas pristatė, kaip atrodytų tvora Lietuvos ir Baltarusijos pasienyje: kainuotų apie 150 mln. eurų, statybos truktų dvejus metus"</a>. LRT (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210808132146/https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1463272/vsat-vadas-pristate-kaip-atrodytu-tvora-lietuvos-ir-baltarusijos-pasienyje-kainuotu-apie-150-mln-euru-statybos-truktu-dvejus-metus">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LRT&rft.atitle=VSAT+vadas+pristat%C4%97%2C+kaip+atrodyt%C5%B3+tvora+Lietuvos+ir+Baltarusijos+pasienyje%3A+kainuot%C5%B3+apie+150+mln.+eur%C5%B3%2C+statybos+trukt%C5%B3+dvejus+metus&rft.date=2021-08-05&rft.aulast=Gau%C4%8Dait%C4%97-Znutien%C4%97&rft.aufirst=Modesta&rft.au=Pank%C5%ABnas%2C+Gytis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuvoje%2F2%2F1463272%2Fvsat-vadas-pristate-kaip-atrodytu-tvora-lietuvos-ir-baltarusijos-pasienyje-kainuotu-apie-150-mln-euru-statybos-truktu-dvejus-metus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Estonia-120"><a href="#cite_ref-Estonia_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/1608287682/estonia-to-send-lithuania-100-kilometers-of-barbed-wire">"Estonia to send Lithuania 100 kilometers of barbed wire"</a>. ERR. 24 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210726193637/https://news.err.ee/1608287682/estonia-to-send-lithuania-100-kilometers-of-barbed-wire">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ERR&rft.atitle=Estonia+to+send+Lithuania+100+kilometers+of+barbed+wire&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2F1608287682%2Festonia-to-send-lithuania-100-kilometers-of-barbed-wire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraine-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-ukraine-sends-barbed-wire-to-lithuania-for-belarus-border">"Ukraine sends barbed wire to Lithuania for Belarus border"</a>. France 24. 12 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113201723/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-ukraine-sends-barbed-wire-to-lithuania-for-belarus-border">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Ukraine+sends+barbed+wire+to+Lithuania+for+Belarus+border&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20210812-ukraine-sends-barbed-wire-to-lithuania-for-belarus-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belsat.eu/en/news/01-08-2021-poland-sends-helicopter-to-patrol-belarusian-lithuanian-border/">"Poland sends helicopter to patrol Belarusian-Lithuanian border"</a>. Belsat. 1 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802135730/https://belsat.eu/en/news/01-08-2021-poland-sends-helicopter-to-patrol-belarusian-lithuanian-border/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belsat&rft.atitle=Poland+sends+helicopter+to+patrol+Belarusian-Lithuanian+border&rft.date=2021-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelsat.eu%2Fen%2Fnews%2F01-08-2021-poland-sends-helicopter-to-patrol-belarusian-lithuanian-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2021" class="citation web cs1">Walsh, Nick Paton (13 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/13/europe/belarus-lithuania-border-migrants-eu-cmd-intl/index.html">"Belarus floods the European Union with migrants, taking a page out of Putin's playbook"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818002932/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/13/europe/belarus-lithuania-border-migrants-eu-cmd-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Belarus+floods+the+European+Union+with+migrants%2C+taking+a+page+out+of+Putin%27s+playbook&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Nick+Paton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F08%2F13%2Feurope%2Fbelarus-lithuania-border-migrants-eu-cmd-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/lithuania-border-camps-state-emergency-over-migrants-belarus-2021-11-09/">"Lithuania border, camps in state of emergency over migrants from Belarus"</a>. Reuters. 9 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110170521/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/lithuania-border-camps-state-emergency-over-migrants-belarus-2021-11-09/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Lithuania+border%2C+camps+in+state+of+emergency+over+migrants+from+Belarus&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Flithuania-border-camps-state-emergency-over-migrants-belarus-2021-11-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1537044/lithuania-declares-state-of-emergency-on-border-with-belarus">"Lithuania declares state of emergency on border with Belarus"</a>. lrt.lt. 9 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110170604/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1537044/lithuania-declares-state-of-emergency-on-border-with-belarus">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrt.lt&rft.atitle=Lithuania+declares+state+of+emergency+on+border+with+Belarus&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fen%2Fnews-in-english%2F19%2F1537044%2Flithuania-declares-state-of-emergency-on-border-with-belarus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://polandin.com/56839960/lithuania-tightens-state-of-emergency-amid-influx-of-migrants">"Lithuania tightens state of emergency amid influx of migrants"</a>. Polska Agencja Prasowa. 9 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110170523/https://polandin.com/56839960/lithuania-tightens-state-of-emergency-amid-influx-of-migrants">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021 – via PolandIN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polska+Agencja+Prasowa&rft.atitle=Lithuania+tightens+state+of+emergency+amid+influx+of+migrants&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolandin.com%2F56839960%2Flithuania-tightens-state-of-emergency-amid-influx-of-migrants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lt-poll-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lt-poll_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lt-poll_127-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPankūnas2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pankūnas, Gytis (26 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1475823/apklausa-gyventojai-pasisako-uz-sienos-su-baltarusija-statyba-priimti-migrantu-nenori">"Apklausa: gyventojai pasisako už sienos su Baltarusija statybą, priimti migrantų nenori"</a>. LRT (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116002617/https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1475823/apklausa-gyventojai-pasisako-uz-sienos-su-baltarusija-statyba-priimti-migrantu-nenori">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LRT&rft.atitle=Apklausa%3A+gyventojai+pasisako+u%C5%BE+sienos+su+Baltarusija+statyb%C4%85%2C+priimti+migrant%C5%B3+nenori&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft.aulast=Pank%C5%ABnas&rft.aufirst=Gytis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuvoje%2F2%2F1475823%2Fapklausa-gyventojai-pasisako-uz-sienos-su-baltarusija-statyba-priimti-migrantu-nenori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-renounce-128"><a href="#cite_ref-renounce_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1869904/lithuania-renounces-cooperation-agreement-with-belarus">"Lithuania renounces cooperation agreement with Belarus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">lrt.lt</a>. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrt.lt&rft.atitle=Lithuania+renounces+cooperation+agreement+with+Belarus&rft.date=2023-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fen%2Fnews-in-english%2F19%2F1869904%2Flithuania-renounces-cooperation-agreement-with-belarus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakučionis2021" class="citation web cs1">Jakučionis, Saulius (12 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1449202/lithuania-turns-to-poland-for-assistance-with-irregular-migration">"Lithuania turns to Poland for assistance with irregular migration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lrt.lt" class="mw-redirect" title="Lrt.lt">Lrt.lt</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806153032/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1449202/lithuania-turns-to-poland-for-assistance-with-irregular-migration">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lrt.lt&rft.atitle=Lithuania+turns+to+Poland+for+assistance+with+irregular+migration&rft.date=2021-07-12&rft.aulast=Jaku%C4%8Dionis&rft.aufirst=Saulius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fen%2Fnews-in-english%2F19%2F1449202%2Flithuania-turns-to-poland-for-assistance-with-irregular-migration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/poland-sends-humanitarian-aid-to-lithuania-in-response-to-migration-crisis-at-lithuanian-belarusian-border">"Poland sends humanitarian aid to Lithuania in response to migration crisis at Lithuanian-Belarusian border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806153029/https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/poland-sends-humanitarian-aid-to-lithuania-in-response-to-migration-crisis-at-lithuanian-belarusian-border">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+Republic+of+Poland&rft.atitle=Poland+sends+humanitarian+aid+to+Lithuania+in+response+to+migration+crisis+at+Lithuanian-Belarusian+border&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.pl%2Fweb%2Fdiplomacy%2Fpoland-sends-humanitarian-aid-to-lithuania-in-response-to-migration-crisis-at-lithuanian-belarusian-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWądołowska2021" class="citation web cs1">Wądołowska, Agnieszka (6 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/08/06/poland-accuses-belarus-of-sending-migrants-over-border-as-living-weapons-in-hybrid-war/">"Poland accuses Belarus of sending migrants over border as "living weapons" in "hybrid war""</a>. 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Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Notes+From+Poland&rft.atitle=Poland+accuses+Belarus+of+sending+migrants+over+border+as+%22living+weapons%22+in+%22hybrid+war%22&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft.aulast=W%C4%85do%C5%82owska&rft.aufirst=Agnieszka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F08%2F06%2Fpoland-accuses-belarus-of-sending-migrants-over-border-as-living-weapons-in-hybrid-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/poland-belarus-migrants-tsimanouskaya/31395719.html">"Poland Says Belarus Is Letting Migrants Cross Border In 'Hybrid War' With EU"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty" class="mw-redirect" title="RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty">RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty</a>. 5 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805185403/https://www.rferl.org/a/poland-belarus-migrants-tsimanouskaya/31395719.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=Poland+Says+Belarus+Is+Letting+Migrants+Cross+Border+In+%27Hybrid+War%27+With+EU&rft.date=2021-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fpoland-belarus-migrants-tsimanouskaya%2F31395719.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/poland-lithuania-call-eu-help-with-migration-surge-belarusian-border-2021-08-06/">"Poland, Lithuania call for EU help with migration surge at Belarusian border"</a>. Reuters. 6 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806190815/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/poland-lithuania-call-eu-help-with-migration-surge-belarusian-border-2021-08-06/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Poland%2C+Lithuania+call+for+EU+help+with+migration+surge+at+Belarusian+border&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpoland-lithuania-call-eu-help-with-migration-surge-belarusian-border-2021-08-06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoskwaSeputyte2021" class="citation web cs1">Moskwa, Wojciech; Seputyte, Milda (6 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-06/migrants-enter-eu-via-poland-as-lithuania-plugs-belarus-border">"Migrants Find New Path to EU as Lithuania Plugs Belarus Border"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210808172040/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-06/migrants-enter-eu-via-poland-as-lithuania-plugs-belarus-border">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Migrants+Find+New+Path+to+EU+as+Lithuania+Plugs+Belarus+Border&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft.aulast=Moskwa&rft.aufirst=Wojciech&rft.au=Seputyte%2C+Milda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-08-06%2Fmigrants-enter-eu-via-poland-as-lithuania-plugs-belarus-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PolandReuters-135"><a href="#cite_ref-PolandReuters_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/poland-reports-record-number-migrants-belarusian-border-2021-08-09/">"Poland reports record number of migrants at Belarusian border"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Poland+reports+record+number+of+migrants+at+Belarusian+border&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpoland-reports-record-number-migrants-belarusian-border-2021-08-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhukov2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhukov, Yevgeniy (6 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/ru/polsha-naschitala-v-belarusi-10-000-migrantov-stremjashhihsja-v-es/a-59102220">"Польша насчитала в Беларуси 10 000 мигрантов, стремящихся в ЕС | DW | 06.09.2021"</a>. Deutsche Welle (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911061435/https://www.dw.com/ru/polsha-naschitala-v-belarusi-10-000-migrantov-stremjashhihsja-v-es/a-59102220">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+10+000+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%A1+%7C+DW+%7C+06.09.2021&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft.aulast=Zhukov&rft.aufirst=Yevgeniy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fru%2Fpolsha-naschitala-v-belarusi-10-000-migrantov-stremjashhihsja-v-es%2Fa-59102220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rp.pl/kraj/art19095101-kolejna-proba-sforsowania-granicy-strzaly-pod-bialowieza">"Kolejna próba sforsowania granicy. Strzały pod Białowieżą"</a>. Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111211558/https://www.rp.pl/kraj/art19095101-kolejna-proba-sforsowania-granicy-strzaly-pod-bialowieza">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rzeczpospolita&rft.atitle=Kolejna+pr%C3%B3ba+sforsowania+granicy.+Strza%C5%82y+pod+Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BC%C4%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fkraj%2Fart19095101-kolejna-proba-sforsowania-granicy-strzaly-pod-bialowieza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvn24.pl/polska/napiecie-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-10-waznych-faktow-i-komentarzy-5482730">"Wzrost napięcia na granicy polsko-białoruskiej. 10 zdarzeń i komentarzy, o których warto wiedzieć"</a>. TVN24 (in Polish). 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109031425/https://tvn24.pl/polska/napiecie-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-10-waznych-faktow-i-komentarzy-5482730">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVN24&rft.atitle=Wzrost+napi%C4%99cia+na+granicy+polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej.+10+zdarze%C5%84+i+komentarzy%2C+o+kt%C3%B3rych+warto+wiedzie%C4%87&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvn24.pl%2Fpolska%2Fnapiecie-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-10-waznych-faktow-i-komentarzy-5482730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/poland-sends-troops-belarus-border-migrant-numbers-surge-2021-08-18/">"Poland sends troops to Belarus border as migrant numbers surge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 18 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824215008/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/poland-sends-troops-belarus-border-migrant-numbers-surge-2021-08-18/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Poland+sends+troops+to+Belarus+border+as+migrant+numbers+surge&rft.date=2021-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpoland-sends-troops-belarus-border-migrant-numbers-surge-2021-08-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZajchowska2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zajchowska, Joanna (2 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/7,114884,27760554,medycy-apelowali-o-dostep-do-strefy-stanu-wyjatkowego-jest.html">"Medycy apelowali o dostęp do strefy stanu wyjątkowego. Jest odpowiedź MSWiA. Odmowna"</a>. gazetapl (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072320/https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/7,114884,27760554,medycy-apelowali-o-dostep-do-strefy-stanu-wyjatkowego-jest.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gazetapl&rft.atitle=Medycy+apelowali+o+dost%C4%99p+do+strefy+stanu+wyj%C4%85tkowego.+Jest+odpowied%C5%BA+MSWiA.+Odmowna&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft.aulast=Zajchowska&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.gazeta.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2F7%2C114884%2C27760554%2Cmedycy-apelowali-o-dostep-do-strefy-stanu-wyjatkowego-jest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvn24.pl/raporty/granica-polsko-bialoruska-2021-stan-wyjatkowy-co-sie-dzieje-na-granicy-raport-5467751">"Sytuacja na granicy polsko-białoruskiej"</a>. TVN24 (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072326/https://tvn24.pl/raporty/granica-polsko-bialoruska-2021-stan-wyjatkowy-co-sie-dzieje-na-granicy-raport-5467751">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVN24&rft.atitle=Sytuacja+na+granicy+polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvn24.pl%2Fraporty%2Fgranica-polsko-bialoruska-2021-stan-wyjatkowy-co-sie-dzieje-na-granicy-raport-5467751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlensk2021" class="citation web cs1">Glensk, Urszula (15 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/worse-than-war-a-dispatch-from-the-polish-belarusian-border/">"'Worse than war' — a dispatch from the Polish-Belarusian border"</a>. POLITICO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072318/https://www.politico.eu/article/worse-than-war-a-dispatch-from-the-polish-belarusian-border/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=%27Worse+than+war%27+%E2%80%94+a+dispatch+from+the+Polish-Belarusian+border&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft.aulast=Glensk&rft.aufirst=Urszula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fworse-than-war-a-dispatch-from-the-polish-belarusian-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmf24.pl/fakty/polska/news-dziennikarze-na-granicy-oswiadczenie-mediow,nId,5481538">"Dziennikarze na granicy. Oświadczenie mediów"</a>. www.rmf24.pl (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072320/https://www.rmf24.pl/fakty/polska/news-dziennikarze-na-granicy-oswiadczenie-mediow,nId,5481538">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rmf24.pl&rft.atitle=Dziennikarze+na+granicy.+O%C5%9Bwiadczenie+medi%C3%B3w&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmf24.pl%2Ffakty%2Fpolska%2Fnews-dziennikarze-na-granicy-oswiadczenie-mediow%2CnId%2C5481538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruszewski2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bruszewski, Grzegorz (1 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C960023%2Cstan-wyjatkowy-przedluzony-o-60-dni-burzliwa-dyskusja-w-sejmie.html">"Stan wyjątkowy przedłużony o 60 dni. Sejm poparł wniosek prezydenta Andrzeja Dudy"</a>. Polska Agencja Prasowa SA (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072320/https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,960023,stan-wyjatkowy-przedluzony-o-60-dni-burzliwa-dyskusja-w-sejmie.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polska+Agencja+Prasowa+SA&rft.atitle=Stan+wyj%C4%85tkowy+przed%C5%82u%C5%BCony+o+60+dni.+Sejm+popar%C5%82+wniosek+prezydenta+Andrzeja+Dudy&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.aulast=Bruszewski&rft.aufirst=Grzegorz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pap.pl%2Faktualnosci%2Fnews%252C960023%252Cstan-wyjatkowy-przedluzony-o-60-dni-burzliwa-dyskusja-w-sejmie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvn24.pl/polska/granica-z-bialorusia-szef-mswia-o-umozliwieniu-dziennikarzom-pracy-na-terenie-przygranicznym-po-zakonczeniu-stanu-wyjatkowego-5488021">"Szef MSWiA o umożliwieniu dziennikarzom pracy na terenie przygranicznym"</a>. TVN24 (in Polish). 13 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072329/https://tvn24.pl/polska/granica-z-bialorusia-szef-mswia-o-umozliwieniu-dziennikarzom-pracy-na-terenie-przygranicznym-po-zakonczeniu-stanu-wyjatkowego-5488021">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVN24&rft.atitle=Szef+MSWiA+o+umo%C5%BCliwieniu+dziennikarzom+pracy+na+terenie+przygranicznym&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvn24.pl%2Fpolska%2Fgranica-z-bialorusia-szef-mswia-o-umozliwieniu-dziennikarzom-pracy-na-terenie-przygranicznym-po-zakonczeniu-stanu-wyjatkowego-5488021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRettman2021" class="citation web cs1">Rettman, Andrew (24 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/world/152711">"Poland to build anti-refugee wall on Belarus border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EUobserver" title="EUobserver">EUobserver</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824214442/https://euobserver.com/world/152711">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=Poland+to+build+anti-refugee+wall+on+Belarus+border&rft.date=2021-08-24&rft.aulast=Rettman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Fworld%2F152711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58303921">"Poland to build Belarus border fence after migrant influx"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 23 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824110549/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58303921">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Poland+to+build+Belarus+border+fence+after+migrant+influx&rft.date=2021-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-58303921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_148-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_148-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_148-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_148-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGnauck2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gnauck, Gerhard (25 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/polen-und-belarus-migranten-greifen-soldaten-an-der-grenze-an-17601902.html">"Gewalt an Grenze zu Belarus: Migranten greifen Grenzschützer gewaltsam an"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0174-4909">0174-4909</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031073529/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/polen-und-belarus-migranten-greifen-soldaten-an-der-grenze-an-17601902.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Gewalt+an+Grenze+zu+Belarus%3A+Migranten+greifen+Grenzsch%C3%BCtzer+gewaltsam+an&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft.issn=0174-4909&rft.aulast=Gnauck&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fpolitik%2Fausland%2Fpolen-und-belarus-migranten-greifen-soldaten-an-der-grenze-an-17601902.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.puls24.at/news/politik/auch-polen-baut-grenzzaun-zu-belarus/242306">"Auch Polen baut Grenzzaun zu Belarus"</a>. www.puls24.at (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031073531/https://www.puls24.at/news/politik/auch-polen-baut-grenzzaun-zu-belarus/242306">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.puls24.at&rft.atitle=Auch+Polen+baut+Grenzzaun+zu+Belarus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.puls24.at%2Fnews%2Fpolitik%2Fauch-polen-baut-grenzzaun-zu-belarus%2F242306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/aktualnosci/artykuly/8287744,na-granicy-ponad-12-tys-polskich-zolnierzy.html">"Na granicy jest ponad 12 tys. polskich żołnierzy. "Jesteśmy przygotowani do obrony""</a>. forsal.pl (in Polish). 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072328/https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/aktualnosci/artykuly/8287744,na-granicy-ponad-12-tys-polskich-zolnierzy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forsal.pl&rft.atitle=Na+granicy+jest+ponad+12+tys.+polskich+%C5%BCo%C5%82nierzy.+%22Jeste%C5%9Bmy+przygotowani+do+obrony%22&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforsal.pl%2Fgospodarka%2Faktualnosci%2Fartykuly%2F8287744%2Cna-granicy-ponad-12-tys-polskich-zolnierzy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2021-11-10/blaszczak-juz-okolo-15-tys-zolnierzy-chroni-nasza-granice/">"Szef MON Mariusz Błaszczak: Już około 15 tys. żołnierzy chroni granicę – Polsat News"</a>. polsatnews.pl (in Polish). 10 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072320/https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2021-11-10/blaszczak-juz-okolo-15-tys-zolnierzy-chroni-nasza-granice/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=polsatnews.pl&rft.atitle=Szef+MON+Mariusz+B%C5%82aszczak%3A+Ju%C5%BC+oko%C5%82o+15+tys.+%C5%BCo%C5%82nierzy+chroni+granic%C4%99+%E2%80%93+Polsat+News&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polsatnews.pl%2Fwiadomosc%2F2021-11-10%2Fblaszczak-juz-okolo-15-tys-zolnierzy-chroni-nasza-granice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euroradio.fm/ru/polsko-belorusskaya-granica-budet-patrulirovatsya-s-pomoshchyu-voennyh-vertolyotov">"Польско-белорусская граница будет патрулироваться с помощью военных вертолётов"</a>. euroradio.fm (in Russian). 6 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007195137/https://euroradio.fm/ru/polsko-belorusskaya-granica-budet-patrulirovatsya-s-pomoshchyu-voennyh-vertolyotov">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euroradio.fm&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%81+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuroradio.fm%2Fru%2Fpolsko-belorusskaya-granica-budet-patrulirovatsya-s-pomoshchyu-voennyh-vertolyotov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/minority-of-poles-approve-of-govt-action-on-belarus-border-24333">"Minority of Poles approve of gov't action on Belarus border"</a>. 29 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210903051156/https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/minority-of-poles-approve-of-govt-action-on-belarus-border-24333">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minority+of+Poles+approve+of+gov%27t+action+on+Belarus+border&rft.date=2021-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirstnews.com%2Farticle%2Fminority-of-poles-approve-of-govt-action-on-belarus-border-24333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art19016831-sondaz-wiekszosc-dobrze-ocenia-dzialania-rzadu-na-granicy-z-bialorusia">"Sondaż: Większość dobrze ocenia działania rządu na granicy z Białorusią"</a>. Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110072234/https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art19016831-sondaz-wiekszosc-dobrze-ocenia-dzialania-rzadu-na-granicy-z-bialorusia">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rzeczpospolita&rft.atitle=Sonda%C5%BC%3A+Wi%C4%99kszo%C5%9B%C4%87+dobrze+ocenia+dzia%C5%82ania+rz%C4%85du+na+granicy+z+Bia%C5%82orusi%C4%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fspoleczenstwo%2Fart19016831-sondaz-wiekszosc-dobrze-ocenia-dzialania-rzadu-na-granicy-z-bialorusia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art19099651-sondaz-polacy-podzieleni-w-ocenie-dzialan-rzadu-w-zwiazku-z-kryzysem-na-granicy">"Sondaż: Jak Polacy oceniają działania rządu w związku z kryzysem na granicy z Białorusią"</a>. Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113122639/https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art19099651-sondaz-polacy-podzieleni-w-ocenie-dzialan-rzadu-w-zwiazku-z-kryzysem-na-granicy">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rzeczpospolita&rft.atitle=Sonda%C5%BC%3A+Jak+Polacy+oceniaj%C4%85+dzia%C5%82ania+rz%C4%85du+w+zwi%C4%85zku+z+kryzysem+na+granicy+z+Bia%C5%82orusi%C4%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fspoleczenstwo%2Fart19099651-sondaz-polacy-podzieleni-w-ocenie-dzialan-rzadu-w-zwiazku-z-kryzysem-na-granicy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDąbrowska2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dąbrowska, Zuzanna (11 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art19087361-sondaz-migrantow-w-polsce-nie-chcemy-ale-wolimy-identyfikowac-sie-z-postawami-humanitarnymi">"Sondaż: Migrantów w Polsce nie chcemy, ale wolimy identyfikować się z postawami humanitarnymi"</a>. Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110072231/https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art19087361-sondaz-migrantow-w-polsce-nie-chcemy-ale-wolimy-identyfikowac-sie-z-postawami-humanitarnymi">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rzeczpospolita&rft.atitle=Sonda%C5%BC%3A+Migrant%C3%B3w+w+Polsce+nie+chcemy%2C+ale+wolimy+identyfikowa%C4%87+si%C4%99+z+postawami+humanitarnymi&rft.date=2021-08-11&rft.aulast=D%C4%85browska&rft.aufirst=Zuzanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fspoleczenstwo%2Fart19087361-sondaz-migrantow-w-polsce-nie-chcemy-ale-wolimy-identyfikowac-sie-z-postawami-humanitarnymi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://polandin.com/56470022/opposition-activities-encourage-lukashenkas-aggression-says-deputy-pm">"Opposition activities encourage Lukashenka's aggression, says Deputy PM"</a>. Telewizja Polska. 20 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110122509/https://polandin.com/56470022/opposition-activities-encourage-lukashenkas-aggression-says-deputy-pm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telewizja+Polska&rft.atitle=Opposition+activities+encourage+Lukashenka%27s+aggression%2C+says+Deputy+PM&rft.date=2021-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolandin.com%2F56470022%2Fopposition-activities-encourage-lukashenkas-aggression-says-deputy-pm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCienski2021" class="citation news cs1">Cienski, Jan (9 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-belarus-migrant-border-crisis/">"The politics behind Poland's border crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110122510/https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-belarus-migrant-border-crisis/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=The+politics+behind+Poland%27s+border+crisis&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Cienski&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fpoland-belarus-migrant-border-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/time-to-ask-nato-for-help-opposition-leader-says-of-migrant-crisis-25866">"Time to ask Nato for help, opposition leader says of migrant crisis"</a>. The First News. 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110122508/https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/time-to-ask-nato-for-help-opposition-leader-says-of-migrant-crisis-25866">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+First+News&rft.atitle=Time+to+ask+Nato+for+help%2C+opposition+leader+says+of+migrant+crisis&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirstnews.com%2Farticle%2Ftime-to-ask-nato-for-help-opposition-leader-says-of-migrant-crisis-25866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbp.pl/home.aspx?f=/aktualnosci/wiadomosci_2021/nowa-moneta-i-banknot-NBP.html">"Będzie nowy banknot i nowa moneta NBP: OBRONA POLSKIEJ GRANICY WSCHODNIEJ"</a> [There will be a new banknote and a new NBP coin: DEFENSE OF THE POLISH EASTERN BORDER] (in Polish). National Bank of Poland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115123053/https://www.nbp.pl/home.aspx?f=%2Faktualnosci%2Fwiadomosci_2021%2Fnowa-moneta-i-banknot-NBP.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%C4%99dzie+nowy+banknot+i+nowa+moneta+NBP%3A+OBRONA+POLSKIEJ+GRANICY+WSCHODNIEJ&rft.pub=National+Bank+of+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbp.pl%2Fhome.aspx%3Ff%3D%2Faktualnosci%2Fwiadomosci_2021%2Fnowa-moneta-i-banknot-NBP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charter97.org/ru/news/2021/11/18/444624/">"Польша предъявила белорусскому режиму ультиматум"</a> [Poland issues an ultimatum to Lukashenka's regime]. <a href="/wiki/Charter_97" title="Charter 97">Charter 97</a> (in Russian). 18 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charter+97&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharter97.org%2Fru%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F18%2F444624%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiadomosci.radiozet.pl/Polska/Polityka/Straz-graniczna-publikuje-nagranie-dzialan-bialoruskich-sluzb.-Jest-reakcja-Minska">"Straż graniczna publikuje nagranie działań białoruskich służb. Jest reakcja Mińska"</a> [The border guard publishes a recording of the activities of the Belarusian services. There is a reaction from Minsk]. wiadomosci.radiozet.pl (in Polish). 9 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909220343/https://wiadomosci.radiozet.pl/Polska/Polityka/Straz-graniczna-publikuje-nagranie-dzialan-bialoruskich-sluzb.-Jest-reakcja-Minska">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiadomosci.radiozet.pl&rft.atitle=Stra%C5%BC+graniczna+publikuje+nagranie+dzia%C5%82a%C5%84+bia%C5%82oruskich+s%C5%82u%C5%BCb.+Jest+reakcja+Mi%C5%84ska&rft.date=2021-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.radiozet.pl%2FPolska%2FPolityka%2FStraz-graniczna-publikuje-nagranie-dzialan-bialoruskich-sluzb.-Jest-reakcja-Minska&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charter97.org/ru/news/2021/10/8/439774/">"Польша показала, как белорусские пограничники помогают мигрантам незаконно перейти границу"</a> [Poland showed how Belarusian border guards help migrants cross the border illegally]. <a href="/wiki/Charter_97" title="Charter 97">Charter 97</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008214946/https://charter97.org/ru/news/2021/10/8/439774/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charter+97&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharter97.org%2Fru%2Fnews%2F2021%2F10%2F8%2F439774%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2021-10-08/granica-polsko-bialoruska-bialoruski-patrol-strzelal-w-kierunku-polskich-zolnierzy/">"Granica polsko-białoruska. Straż Graniczna: białoruski patrol strzelał w kierunku polskich żołnierzy"</a>. Polsat News (in Polish). 8 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008125103/https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2021-10-08/granica-polsko-bialoruska-bialoruski-patrol-strzelal-w-kierunku-polskich-zolnierzy/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polsat+News&rft.atitle=Granica+polsko-bia%C5%82oruska.+Stra%C5%BC+Graniczna%3A+bia%C5%82oruski+patrol+strzela%C5%82+w+kierunku+polskich+%C5%BCo%C5%82nierzy&rft.date=2021-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polsatnews.pl%2Fwiadomosc%2F2021-10-08%2Fgranica-polsko-bialoruska-bialoruski-patrol-strzelal-w-kierunku-polskich-zolnierzy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/poland-2-soldiers-injured-in-clash-with-migrants-at-belarus-border/a-59620129">"Poland: 2 soldiers injured in clash with migrants at Belarus border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 25 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025170607/https://www.dw.com/en/poland-2-soldiers-injured-in-clash-with-migrants-at-belarus-border/a-59620129">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poland%3A+2+soldiers+injured+in+clash+with+migrants+at+Belarus+border&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fpoland-2-soldiers-injured-in-clash-with-migrants-at-belarus-border%2Fa-59620129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/artykuly/8284263,przekrocznie-granicy-mundudowe-sluzby-bialorus-msz.html">"Wtargnięcia na terytorium Polski umundurowanych osób z Białorusi. Chargé d'affaires wezwany do MSZ"</a>. PAP (in Polish). 3 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109024227/https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/artykuly/8284263,przekrocznie-granicy-mundudowe-sluzby-bialorus-msz.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021 – via Dziennik Gazeta Prawna.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PAP&rft.atitle=Wtargni%C4%99cia+na+terytorium+Polski+umundurowanych+os%C3%B3b+z+Bia%C5%82orusi.+Charg%C3%A9+d%27affaires+wezwany+do+MSZ&rft.date=2021-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetaprawna.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2Fkraj%2Fartykuly%2F8284263%2Cprzekrocznie-granicy-mundudowe-sluzby-bialorus-msz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guard-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guard_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guard_167-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2021" class="citation web cs1">Roth, Andrew (8 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/08/belarus-escorts-hundreds-of-migrants-towards-polish-border">"Belarus escorts hundreds of migrants towards Polish border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108130406/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/08/belarus-escorts-hundreds-of-migrants-towards-polish-border">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Belarus+escorts+hundreds+of+migrants+towards+Polish+border&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fnov%2F08%2Fbelarus-escorts-hundreds-of-migrants-towards-polish-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_168-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_168-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_168-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKacprzakZawadka2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kacprzak, Izabela; Zawadka, Grażyna (8 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art19087331-tlum-imigrantow-ruszyl-do-polski-trudno-oszacowac-ich-liczbe">"Tłum imigrantów ruszył do Polski. Trudno oszacować ich liczbę"</a>. Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109031426/https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art19087331-tlum-imigrantow-ruszyl-do-polski-trudno-oszacowac-ich-liczbe">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rzeczpospolita&rft.atitle=T%C5%82um+imigrant%C3%B3w+ruszy%C5%82+do+Polski.+Trudno+oszacowa%C4%87+ich+liczb%C4%99&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft.aulast=Kacprzak&rft.aufirst=Izabela&rft.au=Zawadka%2C+Gra%C5%BCyna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fspoleczenstwo%2Fart19087331-tlum-imigrantow-ruszyl-do-polski-trudno-oszacowac-ich-liczbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lrt.0811-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lrt.0811_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lrt.0811_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/ru/novosti/17/1536337/tysiachi-migrantov-v-belarusi-napravilis-k-granitse-gotoviatsia-k-shturmu-pol-skoi-granitsy">"Тысячи мигрантов в Беларуси направились к границе"</a>. LRT (in Russian). 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108092735/https://www.lrt.lt/ru/novosti/17/1536337/tysiachi-migrantov-v-belarusi-napravilis-k-granitse-gotoviatsia-k-shturmu-pol-skoi-granitsy">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LRT&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BA+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fru%2Fnovosti%2F17%2F1536337%2Ftysiachi-migrantov-v-belarusi-napravilis-k-granitse-gotoviatsia-k-shturmu-pol-skoi-granitsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reform.by/275144-ogromnaja-kolonna-migrantov-dvizhetsja-k-pogranperehodu-bruzgi-kuznica/">"Огромная колонна мигрантов движется к погранпереходу Брузги-Кузница"</a>. reform.by (in Russian). 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108082531/https://reform.by/275144-ogromnaja-kolonna-migrantov-dvizhetsja-k-pogranperehodu-bruzgi-kuznica">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reform.by&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freform.by%2F275144-ogromnaja-kolonna-migrantov-dvizhetsja-k-pogranperehodu-bruzgi-kuznica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reform.by/275197-tysjachi-migrantov-u-granicy-kurdy-ih-prizyvali-na-sbor-vse-vyhodnye">"Тысячи мигрантов у границы – курды, их призывали на сбор все выходные"</a>. reform.by (in Russian). 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108103630/https://reform.by/275197-tysjachi-migrantov-u-granicy-kurdy-ih-prizyvali-na-sbor-vse-vyhodnye">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reform.by&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%83+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%E2%80%93+%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%2C+%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freform.by%2F275197-tysjachi-migrantov-u-granicy-kurdy-ih-prizyvali-na-sbor-vse-vyhodnye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-c97.0811-172"><a href="#cite_ref-c97.0811_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charter97.org/ru/news/2021/11/8/443398/">"Польша: К границе движутся еще несколько тысяч нелегалов"</a>. Charter '97 (in Russian). 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108112238/https://charter97.org/ru/news/2021/11/8/443398/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charter+%2797&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%3A+%D0%9A+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharter97.org%2Fru%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F8%2F443398%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telegraf.by/politika/poyavilos-video-stychki-na-granice-s-polshej/">"Появилось видео стычки на границе с Польшей"</a>. telegraf.by (in Russian). 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163533/https://telegraf.by/world-news/poyavilos-video-stychki-na-granice-s-polshej/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=telegraf.by&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5+%D1%81+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelegraf.by%2Fpolitika%2Fpoyavilos-video-stychki-na-granice-s-polshej%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirovoy2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sirovoy, Marko (8 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.liga.net/world/news/polsha-otbila-popytku-proryva-granitsy-no-siloviki-belarusi-vedut-novyh-migrantov-video">"Польша отбила попытку прорыва границы, но силовики Беларуси ведут новых мигрантов – видео"</a>. liga.net (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108134015/https://news.liga.net/world/news/polsha-otbila-popytku-proryva-granitsy-no-siloviki-belarusi-vedut-novyh-migrantov-video">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liga.net&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%2C+%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft.aulast=Sirovoy&rft.aufirst=Marko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.liga.net%2Fworld%2Fnews%2Fpolsha-otbila-popytku-proryva-granitsy-no-siloviki-belarusi-vedut-novyh-migrantov-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.currenttime.tv/a/bolshaya-kolonna-migrantov-idet-po-belarusi-k-granitsey-s-polshey-ih-soprovozhdayut-lyudi-v-voennoy-forme-i-s-avtomatami/31550885.html">"Колонна мигрантов пришла со стороны Беларуси к границе с Польшей"</a>. 8 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108111919/https://www.currenttime.tv/a/bolshaya-kolonna-migrantov-idet-po-belarusi-k-granitsey-s-polshey-ih-soprovozhdayut-lyudi-v-voennoy-forme-i-s-avtomatami/31550885.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BA+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5+%D1%81+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.currenttime.tv%2Fa%2Fbolshaya-kolonna-migrantov-idet-po-belarusi-k-granitsey-s-polshey-ih-soprovozhdayut-lyudi-v-voennoy-forme-i-s-avtomatami%2F31550885.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScislowskaGera2021" class="citation web cs1">Scislowska, Monika; Gera, Vanessa (8 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/europe-middle-east-poland-migration-warsaw-8cf4879019d24406dcca21922af48ff1">"Migrants aided by Belarus try to storm border into Poland"</a>. AP NEWS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109013046/https://apnews.com/article/europe-middle-east-poland-migration-warsaw-8cf4879019d24406dcca21922af48ff1">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Migrants+aided+by+Belarus+try+to+storm+border+into+Poland&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft.aulast=Scislowska&rft.aufirst=Monika&rft.au=Gera%2C+Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Feurope-middle-east-poland-migration-warsaw-8cf4879019d24406dcca21922af48ff1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmf24.pl/raporty/raport-kryzys-na-pograniczu/news-sytuacja-przy-granicy-ustabilizowala-sie-ale-migranci-planuj,nId,5634404#crp_state=1">"Sytuacja przy granicy "ustabilizowała się", ale migranci "planują dłuższy pobyt" [RELACJA]"</a>. RMF24 (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110222644/https://www.rmf24.pl/raporty/raport-stan-wyjatkowy/news-sytuacja-przy-granicy-ustabilizowala-sie-ale-migranci-planuj,nId,5634404">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RMF24&rft.atitle=Sytuacja+przy+granicy+%22ustabilizowa%C5%82a+si%C4%99%22%2C+ale+migranci+%22planuj%C4%85+d%C5%82u%C5%BCszy+pobyt%22+%5BRELACJA%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmf24.pl%2Fraporty%2Fraport-kryzys-na-pograniczu%2Fnews-sytuacja-przy-granicy-ustabilizowala-sie-ale-migranci-planuj%2CnId%2C5634404%23crp_state%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvn24.pl/biznes/moto/kryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-zamkniete-przejscie-w-kuznicy-kolejka-przed-bobrownikami-apel-rcb-5483829">"Zamknięte przejście w Kuźnicy, kolejka przed Bobrownikami. Apel RCB"</a>. TVN24 Biznes (in Polish). 9 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111211557/https://tvn24.pl/biznes/moto/kryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-zamkniete-przejscie-w-kuznicy-kolejka-przed-bobrownikami-apel-rcb-5483829">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TVN24+Biznes&rft.atitle=Zamkni%C4%99te+przej%C5%9Bcie+w+Ku%C5%BAnicy%2C+kolejka+przed+Bobrownikami.+Apel+RCB&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvn24.pl%2Fbiznes%2Fmoto%2Fkryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-zamkniete-przejscie-w-kuznicy-kolejka-przed-bobrownikami-apel-rcb-5483829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art19092071-trwa-kryzys-na-granicy-polski-z-bialorusia">"Trwa kryzys na granicy Polski z Białorusią – relacja na żywo z 10 listopada"</a>. Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110222645/https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art19092071-trwa-kryzys-na-granicy-polski-z-bialorusia">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rzeczpospolita&rft.atitle=Trwa+kryzys+na+granicy+Polski+z+Bia%C5%82orusi%C4%85+%E2%80%93+relacja+na+%C5%BCywo+z+10+listopada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fpolityka%2Fart19092071-trwa-kryzys-na-granicy-polski-z-bialorusia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_180-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiadomosci.radiozet.pl/Polska/Kryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej.-Calkowite-zamkniecie-granicy-mozliwe">"Kryzys na granicy polsko-białoruskiej. Całkowite zamknięcie granicy możliwe"</a>. Radio Zet (in Polish). 10 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110222645/https://wiadomosci.radiozet.pl/Polska/Kryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej.-Calkowite-zamkniecie-granicy-mozliwe">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Zet&rft.atitle=Kryzys+na+granicy+polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej.+Ca%C5%82kowite+zamkni%C4%99cie+granicy+mo%C5%BCliwe&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.radiozet.pl%2FPolska%2FKryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej.-Calkowite-zamkniecie-granicy-mozliwe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art19093901-w-czwartek-nadzwyczajne-posiedzenie-rb-onz-ws-sytuacji-na-granicy">"W czwartek nadzwyczajne posiedzenie RB ONZ ws. sytuacji na granicy"</a>. Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110222642/https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art19093901-w-czwartek-nadzwyczajne-posiedzenie-rb-onz-ws-sytuacji-na-granicy">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rzeczpospolita&rft.atitle=W+czwartek+nadzwyczajne+posiedzenie+RB+ONZ+ws.+sytuacji+na+granicy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fpolityka%2Fart19093901-w-czwartek-nadzwyczajne-posiedzenie-rb-onz-ws-sytuacji-na-granicy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvr.by/news/prezident/prezident_belarusi_dal_intervyu_avtoritetnomu_voennomu_ekspertu_i_korotchenko_otkrovenno_na_samye_os/">"Президент Беларуси дал интервью авторитетному военному эксперту И. Коротченко – откровенно на самые острые темы"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Belarus-1" title="Belarus-1">Belarus-1</a>. 9 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109195324/https://www.tvr.by/news/prezident/prezident_belarusi_dal_intervyu_avtoritetnomu_voennomu_ekspertu_i_korotchenko_otkrovenno_na_samye_os/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belarus-1&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83+%D0%98.+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%E2%80%93+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvr.by%2Fnews%2Fprezident%2Fprezident_belarusi_dal_intervyu_avtoritetnomu_voennomu_ekspertu_i_korotchenko_otkrovenno_na_samye_os%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVishnyakovaKhimshiashvili2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vishnyakova, Veronika; Khimshiashvili, Polina (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbc.ru/politics/11/11/2021/618cf4839a7947feaa68ab1f">"Представители ООН раскрыли беженцам у Польши несколько решений проблемы"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RBK_Group" title="RBK Group">RBC</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112202530/https://www.rbc.ru/politics/11/11/2021/618cf4839a7947feaa68ab1f">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RBC&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D1%83+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Vishnyakova&rft.aufirst=Veronika&rft.au=Khimshiashvili%2C+Polina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Fpolitics%2F11%2F11%2F2021%2F618cf4839a7947feaa68ab1f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gas-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gas_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gas_184-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThuburnMainville2021" class="citation news cs1">Thuburn, Dario; Mainville, Michael (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/11/11/belarus-warns-against-new-eu-sanctions-says-could-cut-gas-a75532">"Belarus Warns Against New EU Sanctions, Says Could Cut Gas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. AFP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Belarus+Warns+Against+New+EU+Sanctions%2C+Says+Could+Cut+Gas&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Thuburn&rft.aufirst=Dario&rft.au=Mainville%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fbelarus-warns-against-new-eu-sanctions-says-could-cut-gas-a75532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/57496ab1-db76-4acc-b1e8-c60e0c05df66">"Belarus threatens to cut gas transit to EU as migrant crisis escalates"</a>. Financial Times. 11 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111153437/https://www.ft.com/content/57496ab1-db76-4acc-b1e8-c60e0c05df66">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Belarus+threatens+to+cut+gas+transit+to+EU+as+migrant+crisis+escalates&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F57496ab1-db76-4acc-b1e8-c60e0c05df66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAarup2021" class="citation news cs1">Aarup, Sarah Anne (13 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-lukashenko-gas-supplies-crisis-migration/">"Putin chides Lukashenko over threat to cut off gas to EU"</a>. Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163545/https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-lukashenko-gas-supplies-crisis-migration/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Putin+chides+Lukashenko+over+threat+to+cut+off+gas+to+EU&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.aulast=Aarup&rft.aufirst=Sarah+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fputin-lukashenko-gas-supplies-crisis-migration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/TadeuszGiczan/status/1457983106556833793">"x.com"</a>. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 20 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X+%28formerly+Twitter%29&rft.atitle=x.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FTadeuszGiczan%2Fstatus%2F1457983106556833793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2021-11-12/bialoruskie-sluzby-na-granicy-uzywaja-lasera-moze-oslepiac-polskich-funkcjonariuszy/">"Kryzys na granicy. Białorusini użyli lasera, by oślepić polskich funkcjonariuszy straży granicznej"</a>. Polsat News (in Polish). 12 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114010707/https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2021-11-12/bialoruskie-sluzby-na-granicy-uzywaja-lasera-moze-oslepiac-polskich-funkcjonariuszy/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polsat+News&rft.atitle=Kryzys+na+granicy.+Bia%C5%82orusini+u%C5%BCyli+lasera%2C+by+o%C5%9Blepi%C4%87+polskich+funkcjonariuszy+stra%C5%BCy+granicznej&rft.date=2021-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polsatnews.pl%2Fwiadomosc%2F2021-11-12%2Fbialoruskie-sluzby-na-granicy-uzywaja-lasera-moze-oslepiac-polskich-funkcjonariuszy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2021" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Kara (12 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/belarus-poland-border-11-12-21/h_c47f4c4630ea67c98acc1c1ab55916b0">"Polish authorities accuse Belarus of targeting Polish servicemen"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latvian-Belarusian+border+still+quiet+but+%27could+soon+change%27&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+of+Latvia&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feng.lsm.lv%2Farticle%2Fsociety%2Fdefense%2Flatvian-belarusian-border-still-quiet-but-could-soon-change.a415515%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/defense/another-35-illegal-immigrants-caught-sunday-in-latvia.a416109/">"Another 35 illegal immigrants caught Sunday in Latvia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">Public Broadcasting of Latvia</a>. <a href="/wiki/LETA" title="LETA">LETA</a>. 9 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809075401/https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/defense/another-35-illegal-immigrants-caught-sunday-in-latvia.a416109/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Another+35+illegal+immigrants+caught+Sunday+in+Latvia&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+of+Latvia&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feng.lsm.lv%2Farticle%2Fsociety%2Fdefense%2Fanother-35-illegal-immigrants-caught-sunday-in-latvia.a416109%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sargs.lv/lv/latvija/2021-08-13/ekskluzivi-kadri-baltkrievijas-varas-iestades-spiez-migrantus-pari-latvijas">"Ekskluzīvi kadri: Baltkrievijas varas iestādes spiež migrantus pāri Latvijas robežai"</a>. 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Новая газета (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163644/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2021/08/11/latviia-zaniala-iskhodnye-pozitsii">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arte.tv/de/videos/107765-000-A/lettland-das-schweigen-um-die-fluechtlingskrise/">the original</a> on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARTE&rft.atitle=Lettland%3A+Das+Schweigen+um+die+Fl%C3%BCchtlingskrise+-+Die+ganze+Doku&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arte.tv%2Fde%2Fvideos%2F107765-000-A%2Flettland-das-schweigen-um-die-fluechtlingskrise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJolkina2022" class="citation journal cs1">Jolkina, Aleksandra (2 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verfassungsblog.de/trapped-in-a-lawless-zone/">"Trapped in a Lawless Zone"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neatkar%C4%ABg%C4%81+R%C4%ABta+Av%C4%ABze&rft.atitle=Questionable+study%3A+Latvia+is+worse+than+ISIS&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft.aulast=V%C4%ABksne&rft.aufirst=Imants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneatkariga.com%2Fopinions%2F380042-questionable-study-latvia-is-worse-than-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVīksne2022" class="citation news cs1">Vīksne, Imants (6 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neatkariga.com/opinions/380158-the-study-on-the-torture-of-iraqis-is-a-complete-fabrication">"The study on the torture of Iraqis is a complete fabrication"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neatkar%C4%ABg%C4%81_R%C4%ABta_Av%C4%ABze" title="Neatkarīgā Rīta Avīze">Neatkarīgā Rīta Avīze</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510213057/https://neatkariga.com/opinions/380158-the-study-on-the-torture-of-iraqis-is-a-complete-fabrication">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neatkar%C4%ABg%C4%81+R%C4%ABta+Av%C4%ABze&rft.atitle=The+study+on+the+torture+of+Iraqis+is+a+complete+fabrication&rft.date=2022-05-06&rft.aulast=V%C4%ABksne&rft.aufirst=Imants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneatkariga.com%2Fopinions%2F380158-the-study-on-the-torture-of-iraqis-is-a-complete-fabrication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-lit-migration-crisis-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-lit-migration-crisis_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-lit-migration-crisis_224-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2021" class="citation news cs1">Hopkins, Valerie (19 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/world/europe/lithuania-belarus-migrants-european-union.html">"In Lithuania, Migrants Find Themselves Caught in a Geopolitical Battle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802211555/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/world/europe/lithuania-belarus-migrants-european-union.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Lithuania%2C+Migrants+Find+Themselves+Caught+in+a+Geopolitical+Battle&rft.date=2021-07-19&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F07%2F19%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Flithuania-belarus-migrants-european-union.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/eu-pushes-iraq-to-stem-migrant-flights-to-belarus/">"EU pushes Iraq to stem migrant flights to Belarus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euractiv" title="Euractiv">Euractiv</a>. 30 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809174308/https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/eu-pushes-iraq-to-stem-migrant-flights-to-belarus/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euractiv&rft.atitle=EU+pushes+Iraq+to+stem+migrant+flights+to+Belarus&rft.date=2021-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fglobal-europe%2Fnews%2Feu-pushes-iraq-to-stem-migrant-flights-to-belarus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayer2021" class="citation news cs1">Bayer, Lili (10 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-money-for-border-infrastructure-legally-possible-charles-michel-says/">"Michel opens door to EU funding for border walls"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=How+will+EU+react+to+Poland-Belarus+border+crisis%3F&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Birchard&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fhow-will-eu-react-to-poland-belarus-border-crisis%2Fa-59770240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuxmoore2021" class="citation news cs1">Luxmoore, Jonathan (4 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/14680/polish-government-spurns-archbishop-in-refugees-row">"Polish government spurns Archbishop in refugees row"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Tablet" title="The Tablet">The Tablet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111153438/https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/14680/polish-government-spurns-archbishop-in-refugees-row">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. 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Retrieved 16 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=German+minister+faults+airlines+on+Belarus+migrant+arrivals&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbusiness-poland-germany-migration-belarus-65dad00ab0d272d401bcd85b63c0f8c3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnlauf2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anlauf, Thomas (10 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/muenchen-fluechtlinge-polen-belarus-1.5461097">"Grenze zwischen Belarus und Polen: München will Geflüchtete aufnehmen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114092649/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/muenchen-fluechtlinge-polen-belarus-1.5461097">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Grenze+zwischen+Belarus+und+Polen%3A+M%C3%BCnchen+will+Gefl%C3%BCchtete+aufnehmen&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Anlauf&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fmuenchen%2Fmuenchen-fluechtlinge-polen-belarus-1.5461097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkina2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Venkina, Yekaterina (18 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/ru/agentstvo-u-frg-net-dogovorennostej-s-lukashenko-po-migrantam/a-59866024">"Германия отрицает договоренности с Лукашенко по мигрантам"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120163550/https://www.dw.com/ru/agentstvo-u-frg-net-dogovorennostej-s-lukashenko-po-migrantam/a-59866024">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%81+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Venkina&rft.aufirst=Yekaterina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fru%2Fagentstvo-u-frg-net-dogovorennostej-s-lukashenko-po-migrantam%2Fa-59866024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/1608273201/ak-estonia-border-patrols-stepped-up-in-wake-of-lithuania-crisis">"AK: Estonia border patrols stepped up in wake of Lithuania crisis"</a>. News.err.ee. 10 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806152320/https://news.err.ee/1608273201/ak-estonia-border-patrols-stepped-up-in-wake-of-lithuania-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.err.ee&rft.atitle=AK%3A+Estonia+border+patrols+stepped+up+in+wake+of+Lithuania+crisis&rft.date=2021-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2F1608273201%2Fak-estonia-border-patrols-stepped-up-in-wake-of-lithuania-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/darba-lietuvos-pasienyje-su-baltarusija-pradejo-desimt-estijos-pareigunu.d?id=87668231">"Darbą Lietuvos pasienyje su Baltarusija pradėjo dešimt Estijos pareigūnų"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DELFI" class="mw-redirect" title="DELFI">DELFI</a> (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806152318/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/darba-lietuvos-pasienyje-su-baltarusija-pradejo-desimt-estijos-pareigunu.d?id=87668231">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI&rft.atitle=Darb%C4%85+Lietuvos+pasienyje+su+Baltarusija+prad%C4%97jo+de%C5%A1imt+Estijos+pareig%C5%ABn%C5%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Flithuania%2Fdarba-lietuvos-pasienyje-su-baltarusija-pradejo-desimt-estijos-pareigunu.d%3Fid%3D87668231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/1608285390/gallery-estonia-sends-tents-to-help-lithuania-with-migrant-crisis">"Estonia sends tents to help Lithuania with migrant crisis"</a>. News.err.ee. 22 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806152318/https://news.err.ee/1608285390/gallery-estonia-sends-tents-to-help-lithuania-with-migrant-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.err.ee&rft.atitle=Estonia+sends+tents+to+help+Lithuania+with+migrant+crisis&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2F1608285390%2Fgallery-estonia-sends-tents-to-help-lithuania-with-migrant-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/pasaulis/estija-ruosiasi-iskelti-baltarusijos-klausima-jt-saugumo-taryboje-57-1546388">"Estija ruošiasi iškelti Baltarusijos klausimą JT Saugumo Taryboje"</a>. <a href="/wiki/15min.lt" class="mw-redirect" title="15min.lt">15min.lt</a> (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806152320/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/pasaulis/estija-ruosiasi-iskelti-baltarusijos-klausima-jt-saugumo-taryboje-57-1546388">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=15min.lt&rft.atitle=Estija+ruo%C5%A1iasi+i%C5%A1kelti+Baltarusijos+klausim%C4%85+JT+Saugumo+Taryboje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fnaujiena%2Faktualu%2Fpasaulis%2Festija-ruosiasi-iskelti-baltarusijos-klausima-jt-saugumo-taryboje-57-1546388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTambur2021" class="citation web cs1">Tambur, Silver (17 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estonianworld.com/security/estonia-deploys-1684-reservists-to-build-a-temporary-border-fence/#:~:text=The%20reservists%20from%20mainly%20engineer,on%20the%20Estonian%2DRussian%20border.">"Estonia deploys 1,684 reservists to build a temporary border fence"</a>. Estonia World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119081526/https://estonianworld.com/security/estonia-deploys-1684-reservists-to-build-a-temporary-border-fence/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonia+World&rft.atitle=Estonia+deploys+1%2C684+reservists+to+build+a+temporary+border+fence&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft.aulast=Tambur&rft.aufirst=Silver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Festonianworld.com%2Fsecurity%2Festonia-deploys-1684-reservists-to-build-a-temporary-border-fence%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520reservists%2520from%2520mainly%2520engineer%2Con%2520the%2520Estonian%252DRussian%2520border.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolityuk2021" class="citation news cs1">Polityuk, Pavel (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/ukraine-to-deploy-troops-helicopters-to-guard-belarus-border-/6309168.html">"Ukraine to Deploy Troops, Helicopters to Guard Belarus Border"</a>. Voice of America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112010843/https://www.voanews.com/a/ukraine-to-deploy-troops-helicopters-to-guard-belarus-border-/6309168.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Ukraine+to+Deploy+Troops%2C+Helicopters+to+Guard+Belarus+Border&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Polityuk&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fukraine-to-deploy-troops-helicopters-to-guard-belarus-border-%2F6309168.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinsonGrylls2021" class="citation news cs1">Tomlinson, Hugh; Grylls, George (12 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-fears-russia-may-seize-parts-of-ukraine-dbzdn3xf6">"British troops deployed to Polish border as tensions with Russia rise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113051817/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-fears-russia-may-seize-parts-of-ukraine-dbzdn3xf6">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=British+troops+deployed+to+Polish+border+as+tensions+with+Russia+rise&rft.date=2021-11-12&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.au=Grylls%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fus-fears-russia-may-seize-parts-of-ukraine-dbzdn3xf6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBealeFaulkner2021" class="citation news cs1">Beale, Jonathan; Faulkner, Doug (18 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-59331828">"Belarus migrant crisis: British army engineers to help at Polish border"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119114820/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-59331828">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Belarus+migrant+crisis%3A+British+army+engineers+to+help+at+Polish+border&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Faulkner%2C+Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-59331828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmout2021" class="citation news cs1">Smout, Alistair (9 December 2021). Faulconbridge, Guy (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/britain-sending-140-engineers-polish-border-with-belarus-2021-12-09/">"Britain sending 140 engineers to Polish border with Belarus"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209111416/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/britain-sending-140-engineers-polish-border-with-belarus-2021-12-09/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Britain+sending+140+engineers+to+Polish+border+with+Belarus&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft.aulast=Smout&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fbritain-sending-140-engineers-polish-border-with-belarus-2021-12-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-244">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_244-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_244-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunkel2021" class="citation web cs1">Gunkel, Elena (7 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/ru/irak-priostanovil-polety-v-minsk/a-58794525">"Ирак приостановил полеты в Минск"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163538/https://www.dw.com/ru/irak-priostanovil-polety-v-minsk/a-58794525">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA&rft.date=2021-08-07&rft.aulast=Gunkel&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fru%2Firak-priostanovil-polety-v-minsk%2Fa-58794525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-honorary_consulates_of_Belarus-245"><a href="#cite_ref-honorary_consulates_of_Belarus_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belsat.eu/news/06-11-2021-ulady-iraku-zakryvayuts-belaruskiya-konsulstvy/">"Улады Іраку закрываюць беларускія консульствы"</a> (in Belarusian). <a href="/wiki/Belsat_TV" title="Belsat TV">Belsat TV</a>. 6 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107101241/https://belsat.eu/news/06-11-2021-ulady-iraku-zakryvayuts-belaruskiya-konsulstvy/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8C+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B&rft.pub=Belsat+TV&rft.date=2011-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelsat.eu%2Fnews%2F06-11-2021-ulady-iraku-zakryvayuts-belaruskiya-konsulstvy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reform.by/274887-smi-irak-zakryvaet-konsulstva-belarusi-v-bagdade-i-jerbile">"СМИ: Ирак закрывает консульства Беларуси в Багдаде и Эрбиле"</a>. reform.by (in Russian). 6 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106161234/https://reform.by/274887-smi-irak-zakryvaet-konsulstva-belarusi-v-bagdade-i-jerbile">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reform.by&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%98%3A+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5&rft.date=2021-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freform.by%2F274887-smi-irak-zakryvaet-konsulstva-belarusi-v-bagdade-i-jerbile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reform.by/279255-samolet-s-migrantami-vyletel-iz-minska-v-bagdad-fotofakt">"Самолет с мигрантами вылетел из Минска в Багдад — фотофакт"</a>. reform.by (in Russian). 18 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118163220/https://reform.by/279255-samolet-s-migrantami-vyletel-iz-minska-v-bagdad-fotofakt">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reform.by&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%81+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4+%E2%80%94+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freform.by%2F279255-samolet-s-migrantami-vyletel-iz-minska-v-bagdad-fotofakt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChukalinaPostnikova2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chukalina, Evgenia; Postnikova, Ekaterina (19 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iz.ru/export/google/amp/1252269">"Вывозной рейс в Ирак убрали из расписания аэропорта Минска"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119164513/https://iz.ru/1252269/2021-11-19/vyvoznoi-reis-v-irak-ubrali-iz-raspisaniia-aeroporta-minska">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Izvestia&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81+%D0%B2+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Chukalina&rft.aufirst=Evgenia&rft.au=Postnikova%2C+Ekaterina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiz.ru%2Fexport%2Fgoogle%2Famp%2F1252269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmottGumrukcu2021" class="citation news cs1">Emmott, Robin; Gumrukcu, Tuvan (13 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/polish-police-reports-two-incidents-belarus-border-2021-11-12/">"Turkey curbs flights to Belarus to ease migrant crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114204004/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/polish-police-reports-two-incidents-belarus-border-2021-11-12/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey+curbs+flights+to+Belarus+to+ease+migrant+crisis&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.aulast=Emmott&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Gumrukcu%2C+Tuvan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpolish-police-reports-two-incidents-belarus-border-2021-11-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuyuk2021" class="citation news cs1">Buyuk, Hamdi Firat (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2021/11/11/turkey-dismisses-polish-accusation-of-aiding-migrant-crisis/">"Turkey Dismisses Polish Accusation of Aiding Migrant Crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Insight" title="Balkan Insight">Balkan Insight</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113110202/https://balkaninsight.com/2021/11/11/turkey-dismisses-polish-accusation-of-aiding-migrant-crisis/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balkan+Insight&rft.atitle=Turkey+Dismisses+Polish+Accusation+of+Aiding+Migrant+Crisis&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Buyuk&rft.aufirst=Hamdi+Firat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fturkey-dismisses-polish-accusation-of-aiding-migrant-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20211115/estoniya-1759208805.html">"В Эстонии предложили укрепить границу с Россией проволочным заграждением"</a>. 15 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119145332/https://ria.ru/20211115/estoniya-1759208805.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83+%D1%81+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20211115%2Festoniya-1759208805.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rus.delfi.ee/statja/95176433/sily-oborony-perebrasyvayut-k-granice-17-y-inzhenernyy-batalon-dlya-sooruzheniya-ograzhdeniy">"Силы обороны перебрасывают к границе 17-й инженерный батальон для сооружения ограждений"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119142330/https://rus.delfi.ee/statja/95176433/sily-oborony-perebrasyvayut-k-granice-17-y-inzhenernyy-batalon-dlya-sooruzheniya-ograzhdeniy">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BA+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5+17-%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frus.delfi.ee%2Fstatja%2F95176433%2Fsily-oborony-perebrasyvayut-k-granice-17-y-inzhenernyy-batalon-dlya-sooruzheniya-ograzhdeniy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20211119/estoniya-1759829611.html">"Эстония ввела временный запрет на полеты у границы с Россией"</a>. Риа Новости. 19 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119150656/https://ria.ru/20211119/estoniya-1759829611.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D1%83+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D1%81+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20211119%2Festoniya-1759829611.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/1608408449/estonia-sending-almost-100-defense-forces-members-to-poland">"Estonia sending almost 100 Defense Forces members to Poland"</a>. ERR. 19 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119224052/https://news.err.ee/1608408449/estonia-sending-almost-100-defense-forces-members-to-poland">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ERR&rft.atitle=Estonia+sending+almost+100+Defense+Forces+members+to+Poland&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2F1608408449%2Festonia-sending-almost-100-defense-forces-members-to-poland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMudge2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mudge, Robert (31 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/de/belarus-route-vom-irak-in-die-eu/a-59672407">"Belarus-Route: Vom Irak in die EU"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110052012/https://www.dw.com/de/belarus-route-vom-irak-in-die-eu/a-59672407">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Belarus-Route%3A+Vom+Irak+in+die+EU&rft.date=2021-10-31&rft.aulast=Mudge&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fde%2Fbelarus-route-vom-irak-in-die-eu%2Fa-59672407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Leary2021" class="citation news cs1">O'Leary, Naomi (18 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/business/transport-and-tourism/irish-leasing-firms-under-pressure-over-alleged-use-of-aircraft-to-traffic-migrants-1.4703427">"Irish leasing firms under pressure over alleged use of aircraft to traffic migrants"</a>. The Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018090304/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/transport-and-tourism/irish-leasing-firms-under-pressure-over-alleged-use-of-aircraft-to-traffic-migrants-1.4703427">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Irish+leasing+firms+under+pressure+over+alleged+use+of+aircraft+to+traffic+migrants&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftransport-and-tourism%2Firish-leasing-firms-under-pressure-over-alleged-use-of-aircraft-to-traffic-migrants-1.4703427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'CarrollRoth2021" class="citation web cs1">O'Carroll, Lisa; Roth, Andrew (10 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/10/ireland-briefs-aircraft-leasing-firms-on-possible-belarus-sanctions">"Belarus state airline denies it is involved in trafficking migrants"</a>. the Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233115/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/10/ireland-briefs-aircraft-leasing-firms-on-possible-belarus-sanctions">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Belarus+state+airline+denies+it+is+involved+in+trafficking+migrants&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=O%27Carroll&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Roth%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fnov%2F10%2Fireland-briefs-aircraft-leasing-firms-on-possible-belarus-sanctions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.belavia.by/news/4836729/">"To the attention of citizens of Iraq, Syria, Yemen flying from Turkey to Belarus"</a>. Belavia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233114/https://en.belavia.by/news/4836729/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belavia&rft.atitle=To+the+attention+of+citizens+of+Iraq%2C+Syria%2C+Yemen+flying+from+Turkey+to+Belarus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.belavia.by%2Fnews%2F4836729%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.belavia.by/news/4836732/">"To the attention of citizens of Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Afghanistan flying from Dubai"</a>. Belavia. 14 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233053/https://en.belavia.by/news/4836732/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belavia&rft.atitle=To+the+attention+of+citizens+of+Iraq%2C+Syria%2C+Yemen+and+Afghanistan+flying+from+Dubai&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.belavia.by%2Fnews%2F4836732%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-imposes-curbs-traveling-belarus-statement-2021-11-18/">"Lebanon imposes curbs on traveling to Belarus-statement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 18 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119053726/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-imposes-curbs-traveling-belarus-statement-2021-11-18/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Lebanon+imposes+curbs+on+traveling+to+Belarus-statement&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Flebanon-imposes-curbs-traveling-belarus-statement-2021-11-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiselyovaAuyezovOsmond2021" class="citation web cs1">Kiselyova, Maria; Auyezov, Olzhas; Osmond, Ed (15 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/uae-curbs-flights-belarus-amid-migrant-crisis-2021-11-15/">"UAE curbs flights to Belarus amid migrant crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119053724/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/uae-curbs-flights-belarus-amid-migrant-crisis-2021-11-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UAE+curbs+flights+to+Belarus+amid+migrant+crisis&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft.aulast=Kiselyova&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Auyezov%2C+Olzhas&rft.au=Osmond%2C+Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fuae-curbs-flights-belarus-amid-migrant-crisis-2021-11-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPyshkin2021" class="citation web cs1">Pyshkin, Serhiy (17 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbc.ua/rus/news/uzbekistan-zapretil-aviatranzit-stran-blizhnego-1637175019.html">"Узбекистан запретил авиатранзит из стран Ближнего Востока в Беларусь"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RBK_Group" title="RBK Group">RBK Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119053735/https://www.rbc.ua/rus/news/uzbekistan-zapretil-aviatranzit-stran-blizhnego-1637175019.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RBK+Group&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft.aulast=Pyshkin&rft.aufirst=Serhiy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ua%2Frus%2Fnews%2Fuzbekistan-zapretil-aviatranzit-stran-blizhnego-1637175019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/08/04/belarus-to-probe-murder-of-iraqi-man-on-lithuania-border-a74696">"Belarus to Probe 'Murder' of Iraqi Man on Lithuania Border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. 4 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809112540/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/08/04/belarus-to-probe-murder-of-iraqi-man-on-lithuania-border-a74696">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Belarus+to+Probe+%27Murder%27+of+Iraqi+Man+on+Lithuania+Border&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2021%2F08%2F04%2Fbelarus-to-probe-murder-of-iraqi-man-on-lithuania-border-a74696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/lithuania-denies-belarus-reports-migrant-death-border-2021-08-04/">"Lithuania denies Belarus reports of migrant death on border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 4 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809112538/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/lithuania-denies-belarus-reports-migrant-death-border-2021-08-04/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Lithuania+denies+Belarus+reports+of+migrant+death+on+border&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Flithuania-denies-belarus-reports-migrant-death-border-2021-08-04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/polish-president-imposes-state-emergency-belarus-border-2021-09-02/">"Poland declares state of emergency on Belarus border amid migrant surge"</a>. Reuters. 2 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021095852/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/polish-president-imposes-state-emergency-belarus-border-2021-09-02/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Poland+declares+state+of+emergency+on+Belarus+border+amid+migrant+surge&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpolish-president-imposes-state-emergency-belarus-border-2021-09-02%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/19/poland-almost-doubles-troop-numbers-on-belarus-border">"Poland nearly doubles troop numbers on Belarus border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>. 19 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021095849/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/19/poland-almost-doubles-troop-numbers-on-belarus-border">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Poland+nearly+doubles+troop+numbers+on+Belarus+border&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F10%2F19%2Fpoland-almost-doubles-troop-numbers-on-belarus-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.zerkalo.io/economics/2034.html">"Беларусь отказалась принимать гуманитарную помощь для мигрантов от Польши"</a>. zerkalo.io. 25 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007193048/https://news.zerkalo.io/economics/2034.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zerkalo.io&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.zerkalo.io%2Feconomics%2F2034.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.zerkalo.io/economics/3899.html">"В МИД Беларуси посоветовали Польше отдать гуманитарную помощь Литве или "известным белорусским экстремистам""</a>. zerkalo.io. 6 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121163653/https://news.zerkalo.io/economics/3863.html?inpage_article=1">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021. 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Retrieved 20 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=To+Get+at+Lukashenko%2C+Punish+His+%27Moneybags%27&rft.date=2021-06-07&rft.aulast=Hardie&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2021%2F06%2F07%2Flukashenko-ryanair-hijacking-sanctions-belarus-eu-biden-protasevich-moneybags%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКугель2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Кугель, Мария (24 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svoboda.org/a/tabachnyy-korolj-belarusi-rezhim-lukashenko-i-kontrabanda-sigaret/31323722.html">""Табачный король" Беларуси. Режим Лукашенко и контрабанда сигарет"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RFE/RL" class="mw-redirect" title="RFE/RL">RFE/RL</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120093926/https://www.svoboda.org/a/tabachnyy-korolj-belarusi-rezhim-lukashenko-i-kontrabanda-sigaret/31323722.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RFE%2FRL&rft.atitle=%22%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%22+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8.+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svoboda.org%2Fa%2Ftabachnyy-korolj-belarusi-rezhim-lukashenko-i-kontrabanda-sigaret%2F31323722.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euroby.info/news-novyj_rekord_kontrabandy_iz_belarusi">"Новый рекорд контрабанды из Беларуси"</a>. euroby.info (in Russian). 7 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120093932/https://euroby.info/news-novyj_rekord_kontrabandy_iz_belarusi">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euroby.info&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.date=2021-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuroby.info%2Fnews-novyj_rekord_kontrabandy_iz_belarusi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-times.0521-298">^ <a href="#cite_ref-times.0521_298-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-times.0521_298-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennetts2021" class="citation web cs1">Bennetts, Marc (28 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lukashenko-willing-to-flood-eu-with-drugs-and-migrants-to-stop-new-sanctions-vtrwndw82">"Lukashenko willing to flood EU with drugs and migrants to stop new sanctions"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120093927/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lukashenko-willing-to-flood-eu-with-drugs-and-migrants-to-stop-new-sanctions-vtrwndw82">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Lukashenko+willing+to+flood+EU+with+drugs+and+migrants+to+stop+new+sanctions&rft.date=2021-05-28&rft.aulast=Bennetts&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Flukashenko-willing-to-flood-eu-with-drugs-and-migrants-to-stop-new-sanctions-vtrwndw82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomaliyskaya2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Romaliyskaya, Irina (18 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.currenttime.tv/a/o-chem-evropa-mozhet-dogovarivatsya-s-lukashenko/31566616.html">""Закончится миграционный кризис – начнется наркотический". О чем Европа может договариваться с Лукашенко"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Current_Time_TV" title="Current Time TV">Current Time TV</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120093929/https://www.currenttime.tv/a/o-chem-evropa-mozhet-dogovarivatsya-s-lukashenko/31566616.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Current+Time+TV&rft.atitle=%22%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%22.+%D0%9E+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%81+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Romaliyskaya&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.currenttime.tv%2Fa%2Fo-chem-evropa-mozhet-dogovarivatsya-s-lukashenko%2F31566616.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Erlanger" title="Steven Erlanger">Erlanger, Steven</a> (26 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/26/world/europe/poland-belarus-eu-migrants.html">"Border Standoff Over Afghan Migrants Highlights E.U. Fears of New Influx"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Border+Standoff+Over+Afghan+Migrants+Highlights+E.U.+Fears+of+New+Influx&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F08%2F26%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpoland-belarus-eu-migrants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-59215769">Poland fears armed border escalation</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSGVu8goe_A">Video of migrants accompanied by the Belarusian State Border Committee</a>, filmed by Frontex and published by the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Ministry_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Ministry of the Interior">Lithuanian Ministry of the Interior</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbDng43ahrM">Video of migrants accompanied by the Belarusian State Border Committee</a>, filmed by Latvian border guards and published by sargs.lv</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/11/24/die-here-or-go-poland/belarus-and-polands-shared-responsibility-border-abuses">""Die Here or Go to Poland": Belarus' and Poland's Shared Responsibility for Border Abuses (Human Rights Watch report)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=%22Die+Here+or+Go+to+Poland%22%3A+Belarus%27+and+Poland%27s+Shared+Responsibility+for+Border+Abuses+%28Human+Rights+Watch+report%29&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Fdie-here-or-go-poland%2Fbelarus-and-polands-shared-responsibility-border-abuses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus%E2%80%93European+Union+border+crisis" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Azerbaijan" title="Refugees in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Poland" title="Refugees in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Romania" title="Refugees in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Sweden (page does not exist)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugees in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Borders_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Poland" title="Template:Borders of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Borders_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Borders of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Borders_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Borders of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Borders_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Poland" title="Borders of Poland">Borders of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Belarus–Poland border">Belarus</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">2021–present border crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Belarus_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland–Belarus barrier">Barrier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Czech Republic–Poland border">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Germany–Poland border">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Oder–Neisse line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Lithuania–Poland border">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="Poland–Russia border">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Slovakia_border" title="Poland–Slovakia border">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Poland–Ukraine border">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2015_European_migrant_crisis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_migrant_crisis" title="Template:European migrant crisis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_migrant_crisis" title="Template talk:European migrant crisis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_migrant_crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European migrant crisis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2015_European_migrant_crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="Timeline of the 2015 European migrant crisis">Timeline of the 2015 European migrant crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Refugees and immigration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees" title="Afghan refugees">Afghan refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_refugees" title="Kurdish refugees">Kurdish refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Syrian refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of Libya">Libyan refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq" title="Refugees of Iraq">Iraqi refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_exodus_from_Iraq" title="Assyrian exodus from Iraq">Assyrian refugees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Sudan" title="Refugees of Sudan">Sudanese refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Europe" title="Immigration to Europe">Immigration to Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration to Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Germany" title="Immigration to Germany">Immigration to Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration to Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Greece" title="Immigration to Greece">Immigration to Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Europe" title="African immigration to Europe">African immigration to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_diplomacy" title="Migration diplomacy">Migration diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Migrant vehicle incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2007_Malta_migrant_shipwreck" title="May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck">May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck</a> (May 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Mediterranean_Sea_migrant_shipwreck" title="2009 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck">2009 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck</a> (March 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Mediterranean_Sea_migrant_shipwreck" title="2011 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck">2011 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck</a> (April 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Lampedusa_migrant_shipwreck" title="2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck">Lampedusa shipwreck</a> (October 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Malta_migrant_shipwreck" title="2014 Malta migrant shipwreck">2014 Malta migrant shipwreck</a> (September 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libya_migrant_shipwreck" title="2014 Libya migrant shipwreck">2014 Libya migrant shipwreck</a> (September 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Sky_M_incident" title="Blue Sky M incident">Blue Sky M incident</a> (December 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezadeen_incident" title="Ezadeen incident">Ezadeen incident</a> (January 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgenland_corpses_discovery" title="Burgenland corpses discovery">Burgenland corpses discovery</a> (August 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Alan_Kurdi" title="Death of Alan Kurdi">Death of Alan Kurdi</a> (September 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Egypt_migrant_shipwreck" title="2016 Egypt migrant shipwreck">2016 Egypt migrant shipwreck</a> (September 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Libya_migrant_shipwrecks" title="November 2016 Libya migrant shipwrecks">November 2016 Libya migrant shipwrecks</a> (November 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Libya_migrant_shipwrecks" title="2018 Libya migrant shipwrecks">2018 Libya migrant shipwrecks</a> (January 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_lorry_deaths" title="Essex lorry deaths">Essex lorry deaths</a> (October 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_lorry_deaths" title="Sofia lorry deaths">Sofia lorry deaths</a> (February 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Calabria_migrant_boat_disaster" title="2023 Calabria migrant boat disaster">2023 Calabria migrant boat disaster</a> (February 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Tunisia_migrant_boat_disasters" title="2023 Tunisia migrant boat disasters">2023 Tunisia migrant boat disasters</a> (March & April 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Libya_migrant_boats_sinking" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Libya migrant boats sinking">2023 Libya migrant boats sinking</a> (April 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Messenia_migrant_boat_disaster" title="2023 Messenia migrant boat disaster">2023 Messenia migrant boat disaster</a> (June 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Canary_Islands_migrant_boat_disaster" title="2023 Canary Islands migrant boat disaster">2023 Canary Islands migrant boat disaster</a> (June 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Cape_Verde_migrant_boat_disaster" title="2023 Cape Verde migrant boat disaster">2023 Cape Verde migrant boat disaster</a> (July 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChldorf_van_crash" title="Mühldorf van crash">Mühldorf van crash</a> (October 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_migrant_vessel_incidents_on_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="List of migrant vessel incidents on the Mediterranean Sea">List of migrant vessel incidents on the Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_migrant_vehicle_incidents_in_Europe" title="List of migrant vehicle incidents in Europe">List of migrant vehicle incidents in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maritime operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontex#Poseidon" title="Frontex">Operation Poseidon</a> (EU, 2006–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex#Hermes" title="Frontex">Operation Hermes</a> (EU, 2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mare_Nostrum" title="Operation Mare Nostrum">Operation Mare Nostrum</a> (Italy, 2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Triton" title="Operation Triton">Operation Triton</a> (EU, 2014–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Themis" title="Operation Themis">Operation Themis</a> (EU, 2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sophia" title="Operation Sophia">Operation Sophia</a> (EU Navfor Med, 2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex#Poseidon" title="Frontex">Operation Poseidon Rapid Intervention</a> (EU, 2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_Offshore_Aid_Station" title="Migrant Offshore Aid Station">Migrant Offshore Aid Station</a> (NGO, 2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proactiva_Open_Arms" title="Proactiva Open Arms">Proactiva Open Arms</a> (NGO, 2015–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_Dignitus" title="Aquarius Dignitus">Aquarius Dignitus</a> (NGO <a href="/wiki/SOS_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="SOS Méditerranée">SOS Méditerranée</a>, 2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugend_Rettet" title="Jugend Rettet">Jugend Rettet</a> (NGO, 2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Migrant camps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basroch_refugee_camp" title="Basroch refugee camp">Basroch refugee camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calais_Jungle" title="Calais Jungle">Calais Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Lini%C3%A8re" title="La Linière">La Linière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampedusa_immigrant_reception_center" title="Lampedusa immigrant reception center">Lampedusa immigrant reception center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_refugee_camp" title="Moria refugee camp">Moria refugee camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrants_around_Calais" title="Migrants around Calais">Migrants around Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_camp" title="Hotspot camp">Hotspot camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Border barriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_border_barrier" title="Austrian border barrier">Austrian border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Turkey_border#Border_barrier" title="Bulgaria–Turkey border">Bulgarian border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_border_fence" title="Ceuta border fence">Ceuta border fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calais_border_barrier" title="Calais border barrier">Calais border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_border_barrier" title="Hungarian border barrier">Hungarian border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_border_fence" title="Melilla border fence">Melilla border fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_border_barrier" title="North Macedonia border barrier">North Macedonia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Norway–Russia border barrier">Norway–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Belarus_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland–Belarus barrier">Poland–Belarus barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_border_barrier" title="Slovenian border barrier">Slovenian border barrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Khaled_Idris_Bahray" title="Murder of Khaled Idris Bahray">Murder of Khaled Idris Bahray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Geldermalsen_riot" title="2015 Geldermalsen riot">2015 Geldermalsen riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corsican_protests" title="2015 Corsican protests">2015 Corsican protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_New_Year%27s_Eve_sexual_assaults_in_Germany" title="2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany">2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ashley_Ann_Olsen" title="Murder of Ashley Ann Olsen">Murder of Ashley Ann Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatal_stabbing_of_Alexandra_Mezher" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatal stabbing of Alexandra Mezher">Fatal stabbing of Alexandra Mezher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hungarian_migrant_quota_referendum" title="2016 Hungarian migrant quota referendum">2016 Hungarian migrant quota referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Reutlingen_knife_attack" title="2016 Reutlingen knife attack">2016 Reutlingen knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Chemnitz_terrorism_plot" title="2016 Chemnitz terrorism plot">2016 Chemnitz terrorism plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Maria_Ladenburger" title="Murder of Maria Ladenburger">Murder of Maria Ladenburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Turku_attack" title="2017 Turku attack">2017 Turku attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Pamela_Mastropietro" title="Murder of Pamela Mastropietro">Murder of Pamela Mastropietro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Chemnitz_protests" title="2018 Chemnitz protests">2018 Chemnitz protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Desir%C3%A9e_Mariottini" title="Murder of Desirée Mariottini">Murder of Desirée Mariottini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2021–present Belarus–EU border crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_asylum_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Migration and asylum policy of the European Union">Migration and asylum policy of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_2015_migrant_crisis" title="European Union response to the 2015 migrant crisis">European Union response to the 2015 migrant crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Asylum_Curriculum" title="European Asylum Curriculum">European Asylum Curriculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Agency_for_Asylum" title="European Union Agency for Asylum">European Union Agency for Asylum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_shopping" title="Asylum shopping">Asylum shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_migration" title="Chain migration">Chain migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Regulation" title="Dublin Regulation">Dublin Regulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodac" title="Eurodac">Eurodac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_migrant" title="Economic migrant">Economic migrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edlumino" title="Edlumino">Edlumino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Border_Surveillance_System" title="European Border Surveillance System">European Border Surveillance System</a> (Eurosur)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_at_Sea" title="Fire at Sea">Fire at Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Frontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_Europe" title="Fortress Europe">Fortress Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrants_around_Calais" title="Migrants around Calais">Migrants around Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Information_System" title="Schengen Information System">Schengen Information System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%27s_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey's migrant crisis">Turkey's migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta_Summit_on_Migration" title="Valletta Summit on Migration">Valletta Summit on Migration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" title="Template:European Border and Coast Guard"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" title="Template talk:European Border and Coast Guard"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Border and Coast Guard"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">European Border and Coast Guard</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Foreign and security policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Fisheries_Control_Agency" title="European Fisheries Control Agency">Fisheries Control Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Maritime_Safety_Agency" title="European Maritime Safety Agency">Maritime Safety Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europol" title="Europol">Police Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Union agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Border_Surveillance_System" title="European Border Surveillance System">Border Surveillance System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Global Monitoring for Environment and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex#Standing_Corps" title="Frontex">Standing Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National authorities*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Border_Guard_Board" title="Police and Border Guard Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Border_Guard" title="Finnish Border Guard">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Police" title="Hellenic Police">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hungary" title="Law enforcement in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard" title="State Border Guard">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_State_Border_Guard_Service" title="Lithuanian State Border Guard Service">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marechaussee" title="Royal Marechaussee">Netherlands</a></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Service" title="Norwegian Police Service">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_of_S%C3%B8r-Varanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Garrison of Sør-Varanger">Military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Slovakia" title="Law enforcement in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Surveillance_Service" title="Customs Surveillance Service">Customs Surveillance Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/45px-European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/60px-European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Maritime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Coast_Guard" title="Belgian Coast Guard">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police" title="Cyprus Port and Marine Police">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Border_Guard_Board" title="Police and Border Guard Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Border_Guard" title="Finnish Border Guard">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg/20px-French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg/30px-French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg/40px-French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Gendarmerie" title="Maritime Gendarmerie">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/German_Federal_Coast_Guard" title="German Federal Coast Guard">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Coast_Guard" title="Hellenic Coast Guard">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Coast_Guard" title="Icelandic Coast Guard">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Guardia_Costiera.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guardia_Costiera.svg/20px-Guardia_Costiera.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guardia_Costiera.svg/30px-Guardia_Costiera.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guardia_Costiera.svg/40px-Guardia_Costiera.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_the_Port_Captaincies_%E2%80%93_Coast_Guard" title="Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard">Italy</a></li> <li>Latvia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard" title="State Border Guard">State Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Naval_Forces" title="Latvian Naval Forces">Naval Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png/20px-Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png/30px-Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png/40px-Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="774" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_State_Border_Guard_Service" title="Lithuanian State Border Guard Service">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Squadron_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Coastguard" title="Netherlands Coastguard">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg/20px-Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg/30px-Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg/40px-Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Coast_Guard" title="Norwegian Coast Guard">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Authority_System" title="Maritime Authority System">Portugal</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_(orange).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg/20px-Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg/30px-Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg/40px-Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society" title="Maritime Safety and Rescue Society">Safety and Rescue Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Customs_Surveillance_Service" title="Customs Surveillance Service">Customs Surveillance Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Coast_Guard" title="Swedish Coast Guard">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>*Patrolling the external borders of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations of the European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="See_also:_Economic_relationships_with_third_countries">See also: <a href="/wiki/Third-country_economic_relationships_with_the_European_Union" title="Third-country economic relationships with the European Union">Economic relationships with third countries</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria-European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeria-European Union relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Cape Verde–European Union relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Egypt–European Union relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Libya–European Union relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Morocco–European Union relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="South Africa–European Union relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="European Union–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Tunisia–European Union relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Argentina–European Union relations">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_foreign_trade_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Argentina foreign trade relations with the European Union">trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Brazil–European Union relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Canada–European Union relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Colombia–European Union relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Cuba–European Union relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_and_the_European_Union" title="Greenland and the European Union">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Mexico–European Union relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="European Union–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Uruguay–European Union relations">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Bahrain–European Union relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Bangladesh–European Union relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="India–European Union relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Indonesia–European Union relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iran–European Union relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iraq–European Union relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Israel–European Union relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Jordan–European Union relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Lebanon–European Union relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Malaysia–European Union relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Nepal–European Union relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="North Korea–European Union relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Pakistan–European Union relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Palestine–European Union relations">Palestine</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Philippines–European Union relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="South Korea–European Union relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Syria–European Union relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Taiwan–European Union relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Vietnam–European Union relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Yemen–European Union relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Andorra–European Union relations">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Azerbaijan–European Union relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands_and_the_European_Union" title="Faroe Islands and the European Union">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Liechtenstein–European Union relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Monaco–European Union relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cyprus and the European Union">Northern Cyprus</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="San Marino–European Union relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Micronesia–European Union relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="New Zealand–European Union relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Papua New Guinea–European Union relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">Overseas territories of member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">European microstates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_European_Union" title="List of the largest trading partners of the European Union">Largest trading partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">Association Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Sanctions">European Union Sanctions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>†= Disputed state, may not be recognised as an independent state by some or all European Union members.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multilateral_relations_and_initiatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations and initiatives</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Arab League–European Union relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="ASEAN–European Union relations">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights">ECHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_G7" title="European Union and the G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="European Union and the International Criminal Court">ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_Mission_of_the_Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation_to_the_European_Union" title="Permanent Observer Mission of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to the European Union">IOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Mercosur_relations" title="European Union–Mercosur relations">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">UN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Community" title="Energy Community">Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Latin_American_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly">Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_free_trade_area" title="Euro-Mediterranean free trade area">Euro-Mediterranean free trade area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro-Mediterranean Partnership">Euro-Mediterranean Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_CBRN_Risk_Mitigation_CoE_Initiative" title="EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative">EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">Stabilisation and Association Process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Administration_and_policies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administration and policies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;"><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Foreign and Security Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Security and Defence Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Aid_and_Civil_Protection_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department">Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_International_Cooperation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development">Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">External Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs">Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_Instruments_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy Instruments Service">Foreign Policy Instruments Service</a></li> <li>Diplomatic missions <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of diplomatic missions of the European Union">of the EU</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors of the European Union">ambassadors</a>) / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Belgium#Missions_to_the_European_Union" title="List of diplomatic missions in Belgium">to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Special_Representative" title="European Union Special Representative">Special Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_for_Pre-Accession_Assistance" title="Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance">Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Europe">Global Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Template:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Template talk:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_the_European_Union_Military_Staff" title="Director General of the European Union Military Staff">Director General of the Military Staff/Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Civilian_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability">Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_European_Union_Military_Committee" title="Chairman of the European Union Military Committee">Chairman of the Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Structure of the Common Security and Defence Policy">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">External Action Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (<a href="/wiki/Military_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Military Planning and Conduct Capability">Military Planning and Conduct Capability</a> within the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">Military Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability">Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_Coordination_Cell" title="Joint Support Coordination Cell">Joint Support Coordination Cell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Intelligence_and_Situation_Centre" title="European Union Intelligence and Situation Centre">Intelligence and Situation Centre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Club_de_Berne" title="Club de Berne">Club de Berne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Management_and_Planning_Directorate_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (European Union)">Crisis Management and Planning Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_College" title="European Security and Defence College">Security & Defence College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Agency" title="European Defence Agency">Defence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Institute_for_Security_Studies" title="European Union Institute for Security Studies">Institute for Security Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">Satellite Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Council</a> preparatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">Committee of Permanent Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politico-Military_Group" title="Politico-Military Group">Politico-Military Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Civilian_Aspects_of_Crisis_Management" title="Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management">Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Defence_Industry_and_Space" title="Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space">Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Fund" title="European Defence Fund">Defence Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Security_Strategy" title="European Security Strategy">Security Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_but_Arms" title="Everything but Arms">Everything but Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Annual_Review_on_Defence" title="Coordinated Annual Review on Defence">Annual Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Secure_Software-defined_Radio" title="European Secure Software-defined Radio">Secure Software-defined Radio</a> (PESCO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">Service medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">Medal for Extraordinary Meritorious Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community_Monitor_Mission_Medal" title="European Community Monitor Mission Medal">Monitor mission medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headline_Goal_2010" title="Headline Goal 2010">Headline Goal 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Erasmus" title="Military Erasmus">Military Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Mobility" title="Military Mobility">Military Mobility</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Union_Intelligence_School" title="Joint European Union Intelligence School">Intelligence School</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kortenberg_building" title="Kortenberg building">Kortenberg building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">NATO relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berlin_Plus_agreement" title="Berlin Plus agreement">Berlin Plus agreement</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Declaration_on_EU-NATO_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Declaration on EU-NATO Cooperation (page does not exist)">Joint Declaration</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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