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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reputation and legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reputation_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reputation and legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reputation_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporary_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Contemporary reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Later reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feature_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feature_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Feature films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feature_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Short films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Other work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83" title="دوغلاس سيرك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوغلاس سيرك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="داگلاس سیرک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داگلاس سیرک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EA%B8%80%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%84%9C%ED%81%AC" title="더글러스 서크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더글러스 서크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%8D%D5%A8%D6%80%D6%84" title="Դուգլաս Սըրք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դուգլաս Սըրք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="דאגלס סירק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאגלס סירק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83" title="دوجلاس سيرك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوجلاس سيرك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ダグラス・サーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダグラス・サーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Сирк, Дуглас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сирк, Дуглас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Даглас Серк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Даглас Серк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Douglas Sirk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%91%9F%E5%85%8B" title="道格拉斯·瑟克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="道格拉斯·瑟克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German film director (1897–1987)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Douglas Sirk</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Sirk_(1955).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Douglas_Sirk_%281955%29.jpg/220px-Douglas_Sirk_%281955%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Douglas_Sirk_%281955%29.jpg/330px-Douglas_Sirk_%281955%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Douglas_Sirk_%281955%29.jpg/440px-Douglas_Sirk_%281955%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sirk in 1955</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hans Detlef Sierck</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1897-04-26</span>)</span>26 April 1897<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 January 1987<span style="display:none">(1987-01-14)</span> (aged 89)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1922–1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Lydia Brinken</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1929⁠–⁠1934)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Hilde Jary</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1934)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Detlef_Sierck" title="Klaus Detlef Sierck">Klaus Detlef Sierck</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WrittenOnTheWind2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WrittenOnTheWind2.jpg/220px-WrittenOnTheWind2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WrittenOnTheWind2.jpg/330px-WrittenOnTheWind2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WrittenOnTheWind2.jpg/440px-WrittenOnTheWind2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1549" data-file-height="2405" /></a><figcaption>Poster for the film <i><a href="/wiki/Written_on_the_Wind" title="Written on the Wind">Written on the Wind</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Douglas Sirk</b> (born <b>Hans Detlef Sierck</b>; 26 April 1897 – 14 January 1987) was a German film director best known for his work in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> <a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">melodramas</a> of the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he also directed comedies, westerns, and war films.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sirk started his career in <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a> as a stage and screen director, but he left for Hollywood in 1937 after his Jewish wife was persecuted by the Nazis. </p><p>In the 1950s, he achieved his greatest commercial success with <a href="/wiki/Melodrama_(film_genre)" title="Melodrama (film genre)">film melodramas</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Magnificent_Obsession_(1954_film)" title="Magnificent Obsession (1954 film)">Magnificent Obsession</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Heaven_Allows" title="All That Heaven Allows">All That Heaven Allows</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Written_on_the_Wind" title="Written on the Wind">Written on the Wind</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_to_Love_and_a_Time_to_Die" title="A Time to Love and a Time to Die">A Time to Love and a Time to Die</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Life_(1959_film)" title="Imitation of Life (1959 film)">Imitation of Life</a></i>. While those films were initially panned by critics as sentimental women's pictures, they are today widely regarded by film directors, critics, and scholars as masterpieces. His work is seen as a "critique of the bourgeoisie in general and of 1950s America in particular", while painting a "compassionate portrait of characters trapped by social conditions".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond the surface of the film, Sirk worked with complex <a href="/wiki/Mise-en-sc%C3%A8ne" title="Mise-en-scène">mise-en-scène</a> and lush <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> to underline his statements.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_career_in_Germany">Early life and career in Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and career in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sirk was born Hans Detlef Sierck on 26 April 1897, in Hamburg, of Danish parentage;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his father was a newspaper reporter. He spent a few years in Denmark as a child, before his parents returned to Germany and became citizens. Sirk discovered the theatre in his mid-teens, particularly Shakespeare's history plays, and also began to frequent the cinema, where he first encountered what he later described as "dramas of swollen emotions"; one of his early screen favourites was Danish-born actress <a href="/wiki/Asta_Nielsen" title="Asta Nielsen">Asta Nielsen</a>. In 1919, he enrolled to study law at <a href="/wiki/Munich_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich University">Munich University</a>, but he left Munich following the violent collapse of a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a>. Between stints at university, he began writing for his father's newspaper, not long before his father became a school principal.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas_Sirk_2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas_Sirk_2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sirk continued his studies for a time at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">University of Jena</a> before transferring to <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamburg University">Hamburg University</a>, where he switched to philosophy and the history of art. It was here that he attended a lecture on relativity given by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>. A major influence in this period was art historian <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Panofsky" title="Erwin Panofsky">Erwin Panofsky</a> - Sirk was a select member of Panofsky's seminar group for a semester and wrote a large essay for him on the relationship between Medieval German painting and the mystery plays; in his 1971 interview with Halliday, Sirk declared, "I owe Panofsky a lot." To support himself while studying, Sirk began working as a second-line <i>dramaturg</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Schauspielhaus" title="Deutsches Schauspielhaus">Deutsches Schauspielhaus</a> in Hamburg. In 1922, substituting for a director who had fallen sick, Sirk directed his first production, the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Bo%C3%9Fdorf" class="extiw" title="de:Hermann Boßdorf">Hermann Bossdorf</a> play <i>Bahnmeister Tod</i> ("Stationmaster Death"), which became a surprise success, and from that point Sirk was (in his own words) "lost to the theatre".<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas_Sirk_2011_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas_Sirk_2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the theatre, Sirk worked in many areas of the arts during this formative period - he painted, took a summer job as a set-designer at a Berlin film studio, published his own German translation of Shakespeare's sonnets, translated some of Shakespeare's plays, and published writings of his own. </p><p>Schauspielhaus manager Dr Paul Eger offered Sirk a pay raise and the chance to present "one of those crazy modern [i.e. <a href="/wiki/Expressionism_(theatre)" title="Expressionism (theatre)">Expressionist</a> ] plays" but Sirk declared that he only wanted to direct "the classics" and took up an offer to become first director at a playhouse in <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a> in Saxony. The post proved to be a baptism of fire for the new director - although the company started out with classic works by <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Büchner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strindberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Strindberg">Strindberg</a>, the season was disrupted when the theatre's main financier and manager gave up and vanished overnight, forcing the cast and crew to form a collective to keep the theatre going, and the program soon changed to comedies and <a href="/wiki/Melodrama_(film_genre)" title="Melodrama (film genre)">melodramas</a> - "things that made money". Although Sirk later recalled the period as "a pretty terrible time", it was here that he learned his craft, and how to handle actors in "the <i>most</i> strained circumstances". This was during the period of runaway <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Weimar_Republic" title="Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic">inflation</a> in Germany, and Sirk remembered that after distributing money to the company, they would have to run to the bank with their takings just before midday, because at 12 pm the banks would close their shutters and post the new dollar rate - "... if you got in too late, you had just a small percentage left of what you had earned ..."<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas_Sirk_2011_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas_Sirk_2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With his first wife the actress Lydia Brincken Sirk fathered one son, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Detlef_Sierck" title="Klaus Detlef Sierck">Klaus Detlef Sierck</a> (1925–1944), born on 30 March 1925 in Berlin-<a href="/wiki/Charlottenburg" title="Charlottenburg">Charlottenburg</a>, Germany. His ex-wife joined the Nazi party and because of Sirk's remarriage to a Jewish woman was able to <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">legally</a> bar him from seeing their son, who became one of the leading child actors of Nazi Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-OUP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known for <i>Die Saat geht auf</i> (1935), <i>Streit um den Knaben Jo</i> (1937) and <i>Kopf hoch, Johannes!</i> (1941). He died as a soldier of the <a href="/wiki/Panzer-Grenadier-Division_Gro%C3%9Fdeutschland" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer-Grenadier-Division Großdeutschland">Panzer-Grenadier-Division Großdeutschland</a> on 22 May 1944<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near Novoaleksandrovka, Kirovograd Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, USSR (now Novooleksandrivka, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine). </p><p>By the 1930s Sirk had become one of Germany's leading stage directors, with a list of credits that included a production of Brecht's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i>. Sirk joined <a href="/wiki/Universum_Film_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Universum Film AG">UFA</a> (Universum Film AG) studios in 1934, where he directed three shorts, followed by his first feature, <i><a href="/wiki/April,_April!_(1935_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="April, April! (1935 film)">April, April</a></i> (1935), which was filmed in both German and Dutch versions. His exotic <a href="/wiki/Melodrama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodrama film">melodrama films</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Zu_neuen_Ufern" class="mw-redirect" title="Zu neuen Ufern">Zu neuen Ufern</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/La_Habanera_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Habanera (film)">La Habanera</a></i> made a star of the Nazi cinema out of Swedish singer <a href="/wiki/Zarah_Leander" title="Zarah Leander">Zarah Leander</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_in_the_U.S.">Career in the U.S.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career in the U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:All_That_Heaven_Allows_1955_set_photo_(Hudson,_Wyman,_Sirk,_Moorehead).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/All_That_Heaven_Allows_1955_set_photo_%28Hudson%2C_Wyman%2C_Sirk%2C_Moorehead%29.jpg/220px-All_That_Heaven_Allows_1955_set_photo_%28Hudson%2C_Wyman%2C_Sirk%2C_Moorehead%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/All_That_Heaven_Allows_1955_set_photo_%28Hudson%2C_Wyman%2C_Sirk%2C_Moorehead%29.jpg/330px-All_That_Heaven_Allows_1955_set_photo_%28Hudson%2C_Wyman%2C_Sirk%2C_Moorehead%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/All_That_Heaven_Allows_1955_set_photo_%28Hudson%2C_Wyman%2C_Sirk%2C_Moorehead%29.jpg/440px-All_That_Heaven_Allows_1955_set_photo_%28Hudson%2C_Wyman%2C_Sirk%2C_Moorehead%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Sirk and actors on the set of <i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Heaven_Allows" title="All That Heaven Allows">All That Heaven Allows</a></i> (1955). Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a>, Sirk, and <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Moorehead" title="Agnes Moorehead">Agnes Moorehead</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sirk left Germany in 1937 because of his political leanings and his Jewish (second) wife, actress Hilde Jary. Still in Europe he worked on films in Switzerland and the Netherlands. On arrival in the United States, he soon changed his German birth name to Douglas Sirk. By 1942, he was under contract to <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> and directing the stridently anti-Nazi <i><a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Madman" title="Hitler's Madman">Hitler's Madman</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Nebenzal" title="Seymour Nebenzal">Seymour Nebenzal</a>, the legendary producer of <a href="/wiki/Nero-Film" title="Nero-Film">Nero-Film</a>, for whom Sirk also directed <i><a href="/wiki/Summer_Storm_(1944_film)" title="Summer Storm (1944 film)">Summer Storm</a></i> (1944). </p><p>Sirk briefly returned to Germany after the war ended, but returned to the U.S. and established his reputation with a series of lush, colorful melodramas for <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal-International Pictures</a> from 1952 to 1959: <i><a href="/wiki/Magnificent_Obsession_(1954_film)" title="Magnificent Obsession (1954 film)">Magnificent Obsession</a></i> (1954), <i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Heaven_Allows" title="All That Heaven Allows">All That Heaven Allows</a></i> (1955), <i><a href="/wiki/Written_on_the_Wind" title="Written on the Wind">Written on the Wind</a></i> (1956), <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_(film)" title="Battle Hymn (film)">Battle Hymn</a></i> (1957), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tarnished_Angels" title="The Tarnished Angels">The Tarnished Angels</a></i> (1957), <i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_to_Love_and_a_Time_to_Die" title="A Time to Love and a Time to Die">A Time to Love and a Time to Die</a></i> (1958), and <i><a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Life_(1959_film)" title="Imitation of Life (1959 film)">Imitation of Life</a></i> (1959). </p><p>Despite the enormous success of <i>Imitation of Life</i> in 1959 (partially fueled by the scandal surrounding the murder of <a href="/wiki/Lana_Turner" title="Lana Turner">Lana Turner</a>'s boyfriend by her daughter), Sirk left the United States and retired from filmmaking. He died in Lugano, Switzerland, nearly 30 years later, with only a brief return behind the camera in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in the 1970s, teaching at the film school <a href="/wiki/University_of_Television_and_Film_Munich" title="University of Television and Film Munich">Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film</a> in Munich. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation_and_legacy">Reputation and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reputation and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_reception">Contemporary reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contemporary reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sirk's melodramas of the 1950s, while highly commercially successful, were generally very poorly received by reviewers. His films were considered unimportant (because they revolve around female and domestic issues), banal (because of their focus on larger-than-life feelings) and unrealistic (because of their conspicuous and distinctive style). Their often melodramatic manner was viewed by critics as being in bad taste.<sup id="cite_ref-OUP_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_reception">Later reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Attitudes toward Sirk's films changed drastically in the late 1950s, 1960s and 1970s as his work was re-examined by French, American, and British critics.<sup id="cite_ref-OUP_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> wrote in his review of <i>A Time to Love and a Time to Die</i> (1958), "...I am going to write a madly enthusiastic review of Douglas Sirk's latest film, simply because it set my cheeks afire."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major critical reappraisal of Sirk began in France with the April 1967 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahiers du cinéma">Cahiers du cinéma</a></i>, which included an extended interview with Sirk by <a href="/wiki/Serge_Daney" title="Serge Daney">Serge Daney</a> and Jean-Louis Noames, an appreciation by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Comolli" title="Jean-Louis Comolli">Jean-Louis Comolli</a> ("The Blind Man and the Mirror or The Impossible Cinema of Douglas Sirk"), and a "biofilmographie" compiled by Patrick Brion and Dominique Rabourdin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leading American critic <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> praised Sirk in his 1968 book <i>The American Cinema: Directors and Directions 1929–1968</i>, although Sirk failed to qualify for Sarris' controversial "pantheon" of great directors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From around 1970 there was a burgeoning interest among academic film scholars for Sirk's work - especially his American melodramas. The seminal work in this field was <a href="/wiki/Jon_Halliday" title="Jon Halliday">Jon Halliday</a>'s book-length interview, <i>Sirk on Sirk</i> (1971) which presented Sirk as "... a sophisticated intellectual, a filmmaker who arrived in Hollywood with a very clear vision, leaving behind him an established career in German theatre and film". </p><p>Several major revival seasons of Sirk's films followed over the next few years, including a 20-film retrospective at the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Festival">Edinburgh Festival</a> (which Sirk attended), which also generated a book of essays. In 1974 the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a> Film Society programmed a complete retrospective of the director's American films, and invited Sirk to attend, but on the way to the airport, for the flight to New York, Sirk suffered a haemorrhage that seriously impaired the vision in his left eye. </p><p>Analyses of Sirk's work, with their emphases on aspects of Sirk's formerly-criticized style, revealed an oblique criticism of American society hidden beneath a banal facade of plotting conventional for the era - Sirk's films were now seen as masterpieces of irony.<sup id="cite_ref-OUP_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The criticism of the 1970s and early 1980s was dominated by an ideological take on Sirk's work, gradually changing from Marxist-inspired visions in the early 1970s, to a focus on gender and sexuality in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Film critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> has said, "To appreciate a film like <i>Written on the Wind</i> probably takes more sophistication to understand than one of <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a>'s masterpieces, because Bergman's themes are visible and underlined, while with Sirk the style conceals the message."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sirk's reputation was also helped by a widespread nostalgia for old-fashioned Hollywood films in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work is now widely considered to show excellent control of visuals, extending from lighting and framing to costumes and sets that are saturated with symbolism and shot through with subtle barbs of irony.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sirk's films have been quoted in films by directors such as <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Rainer Werner Fassbinder</a> (whose <i><a href="/wiki/Ali:_Fear_Eats_the_Soul" title="Ali: Fear Eats the Soul">Ali: Fear Eats the Soul</a></i> is partly based on <i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Heaven_Allows" title="All That Heaven Allows">All That Heaven Allows</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, later, <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wong_Kar-wai" title="Wong Kar-wai">Wong Kar-wai</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Waters_(filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Waters (filmmaker)">John Waters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a>. </p><p>More specifically, Almodóvar's vibrant use of color in 1988's <i><a href="/wiki/Women_on_the_Verge_of_a_Nervous_Breakdown" title="Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown">Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown</a></i> recalls the cinematography of Sirk's films of the 1950s, while Haynes' <i><a href="/wiki/Far_from_Heaven" title="Far from Heaven">Far from Heaven</a></i> was a conscious attempt to replicate a typical Sirk melodrama—in particular <i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Heaven_Allows" title="All That Heaven Allows">All That Heaven Allows</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberg_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberg-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarantino paid homage to Sirk and his melodramatic style in <i><a href="/wiki/Pulp_Fiction" title="Pulp Fiction">Pulp Fiction</a></i>, when character Vincent Vega, at a '50s-themed restaurant, orders the "Douglas Sirk steak" cooked "bloody as hell". <a href="/wiki/Aki_Kaurism%C3%A4ki" title="Aki Kaurismäki">Aki Kaurismäki</a> alluded to Sirk as well; in his silent film, <i>Juha</i>, the villain's sport car is named "Sierck". Sirk was also one of the directors mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> in his Oscar acceptance speech for Best Picture for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shape_of_Water" title="The Shape of Water">The Shape of Water</a></i> : "Growing up in Mexico as a kid, I was a big admirer of foreign film. Foreign film, like <i>E.T.</i>, William Wyler, or Douglas Sirk, or Frank Capra."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Polyester_(film)" title="Polyester (film)">Polyester</a></i> (1981) directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Waters_(filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Waters (filmmaker)">Waters</a> was, according to Waters,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> informed by Sirk's Universal melodramas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Filmpreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayerischer Filmpreis">Bavarian Film Award</a>, Honorary Award<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feature_films">Feature films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Feature films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/April,_April!_(1935_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="April, April! (1935 film)">April, April!</a></i> (1935) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%27t_Was_%C3%A9%C3%A9n_April" title="'t Was één April">'t Was één April</a></i> (1936) (Dutch language version of <i>April, April</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_the_Marsh_Croft_(1935_film)" title="The Girl from the Marsh Croft (1935 film)">The Girl from the Marsh Croft</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Society_(1935_film)" title="Pillars of Society (1935 film)">Pillars of Society</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schlu%C3%9Fakkord" title="Schlußakkord">Schlußakkord</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Court_Concert" title="The Court Concert">The Court Concert</a></i> (1936) <ul><li><i>La Chanson du souvenir</i> (1936) co-director (French language version of <i>The Court Concert</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_New_Shores" title="To New Shores">To New Shores</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Habanera_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Habanera (film)">La Habanera</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Final_Accord_(1938_film)" title="Final Accord (1938 film)">Final Accord</a></i> (1938) (uncredited)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boefje_(1939_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boefje (1939 film)">Boefje</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Madman" title="Hitler's Madman">Hitler's Madman</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summer_Storm_(1944_film)" title="Summer Storm (1944 film)">Summer Storm</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Paris" title="A Scandal in Paris">A Scandal in Paris</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lured" title="Lured">Lured</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleep,_My_Love" title="Sleep, My Love">Sleep, My Love</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shockproof" title="Shockproof">Shockproof</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slightly_French" title="Slightly French">Slightly French</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Submarine_(1950_film)" title="Mystery Submarine (1950 film)">Mystery Submarine</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Legion" title="The First Legion">The First Legion</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thunder_on_the_Hill" title="Thunder on the Hill">Thunder on the Hill</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Pays_Off" title="The Lady Pays Off">The Lady Pays Off</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Week-End_with_Father" title="Week-End with Father">Week-End with Father</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Room_for_the_Groom" title="No Room for the Groom">No Room for the Groom</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Has_Anybody_Seen_My_Gal%3F_(film)" title="Has Anybody Seen My Gal? (film)">Has Anybody Seen My Gal?</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_at_the_Fair" title="Meet Me at the Fair">Meet Me at the Fair</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Take_Me_to_Town" title="Take Me to Town">Take Me to Town</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_I_Desire" title="All I Desire">All I Desire</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taza,_Son_of_Cochise" title="Taza, Son of Cochise">Taza, Son of Cochise</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnificent_Obsession_(1954_film)" title="Magnificent Obsession (1954 film)">Magnificent Obsession</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_Pagan" title="Sign of the Pagan">Sign of the Pagan</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Lightfoot" title="Captain Lightfoot">Captain Lightfoot</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Heaven_Allows" title="All That Heaven Allows">All That Heaven Allows</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/There%27s_Always_Tomorrow_(1956_film)" title="There's Always Tomorrow (1956 film)">There's Always Tomorrow</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Written_on_the_Wind" title="Written on the Wind">Written on the Wind</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_(film)" title="Battle Hymn (film)">Battle Hymn</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interlude_(1957_film)" title="Interlude (1957 film)">Interlude</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tarnished_Angels" title="The Tarnished Angels">The Tarnished Angels</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_to_Love_and_a_Time_to_Die" title="A Time to Love and a Time to Die">A Time to Love and a Time to Die</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Life_(1959_film)" title="Imitation of Life (1959 film)">Imitation of Life</a></i> (1959)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_films">Short films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Short films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Zwei Windhunde</i> / <i>Zwei Genies</i> (1934)</li> <li><i>Der eingebildete Kranke</i> (1935)</li> <li><i>3 x Ehe</i> (1935)</li> <li><i>The Christian Brothers at Mont La Salle</i> (1941)</li> <li><i>Sprich zu mir wie der Regen</i> (1975) co-director with group of film students</li> <li><i>Sylvesternacht</i> (1977) co-director with group of film students</li> <li><i>Bourbon Street Blues</i> (1979) co-director with group of film students</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_work">Other work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Darling_of_the_Sailors" title="Darling of the Sailors">Darling of the Sailors</a></i> (1937, co-screenwriter)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Woman" title="The Strange Woman">The Strange Woman</a></i> (1946, uncredited supervisor of reshoots)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Against_All_Flags" title="Against All Flags">Against All Flags</a></i> (1952, uncredited supervisor of reshoots)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Never_Say_Goodbye_(1956_film)" title="Never Say Goodbye (1956 film)">Never Say Goodbye</a></i> (1956, uncredited supervisor of reshoots)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7670-the-criterion-channel-s-february-2022-lineup">The Criterion Channel's February 2022 Lineup|The Current|The Criterion Collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Douglas-Sirk">"Douglas Sirk | Biography, Movies, Melodramas, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Douglas+Sirk+%7C+Biography%2C+Movies%2C+Melodramas%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FDouglas-Sirk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sensesofcinema.com/2013/feature-articles/sirk-hollywood-and-genre/">Sirk, Hollywood and Genre·Senses of Cinema</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319193645/https://www.criterionchannel.com/douglas-sirk-melodramas">Douglas Sirk Melodramas - The Criterion Channel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2007" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, Steven Jay, ed. (2007). <i>501 Movie Directors</i>. London: Cassell Illustrated. pp. <span class="nowrap">92–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844035731" title="Special:BookSources/9781844035731"><bdi>9781844035731</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1347156402">1347156402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=501+Movie+Directors&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E92-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.pub=Cassell+Illustrated&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1347156402&rft.isbn=9781844035731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas_Sirk_2011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Douglas_Sirk_2011_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Douglas_Sirk_2011_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Douglas_Sirk_2011_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jon Halliday and Douglas Sirk, <i>Sirk on Sirk</i> (Faber & Faber, 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OUP-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OUP_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OUP_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OUP_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OUP_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiebel2017" class="citation web cs1">Schiebel, Will (30 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.oup.com/2017/04/douglas-sirk-a-time-to-love-and-a-time-to-die/">"Revisiting Douglas Sirk's A Time to Love and a Time to Die"</a>. <i>OUPblog</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OUPblog&rft.atitle=Revisiting+Douglas+Sirk%27s+A+Time+to+Love+and+a+Time+to+Die&rft.date=2017-04-30&rft.aulast=Schiebel&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.oup.com%2F2017%2F04%2Fdouglas-sirk-a-time-to-love-and-a-time-to-die%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claus Detlev Sierck gefallen. Film-Kurier, No. 45, 6 June 1944</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodard1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard, Jean-Luc</a> (1986). <i>Godard on Godard: Critical Writings by Jean-Luc Godard</i>. New York: Da Capo Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Godard+on+Godard%3A+Critical+Writings+by+Jean-Luc+Godard&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Godard&rft.aufirst=Jean-Luc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sensesofcinema.com/2004/great-directors/sirk/">Tom Ryan, "Douglas Sirk", Senses of Cinema</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210731080405/https://www.theyshootpictures.com/sarriscategories.htm">"TSPDT-Andrew Sarris: Director Categories from "The American Cinema: Directors and Directions 1929-1968"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyshootpictures.com/sarriscategories.htm">the original</a> on 31 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TSPDT-Andrew+Sarris%3A+Director+Categories+from+%22The+American+Cinema%3A+Directors+and+Directions+1929-1968%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theyshootpictures.com%2Fsarriscategories.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130312022156/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19980118%2FREVIEWS08%2F401010373%2F1023">":: rogerebert.com :: Great Movies :: Written on the Wind (xhtml)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19980118%2FREVIEWS08%2F401010373%2F1023">the original</a> on 12 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3A%3A+rogerebert.com+%3A%3A+Great+Movies+%3A%3A+Written+on+the+Wind+%28xhtml%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frogerebert.suntimes.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%252F19980118%252FREVIEWS08%252F401010373%252F1023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlinger1994" class="citation book cs1">Klinger, Barbara (1994). <i>Melodrama and Meaning: history, culture, and the films of Douglas Sirk</i>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melodrama+and+Meaning%3A+history%2C+culture%2C+and+the+films+of+Douglas+Sirk&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Klinger&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/movie-of-the-week-written-on-the-wind">Movie of the Week: "Written on the Wind"|The New Yorker</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/dvd-of-the-week-all-that-heaven-allows">DVD of the Week: All That Heaven Allows|The New Yorker</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/dvd-of-the-week-ali-fear-eats-the-soul">DVD of the Week: Ali: Fear Eats the Soul|The New Yorker</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silberg-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silberg_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilberg2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Silberg, Jon (December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theasc.com/magazine/dec02/far/">"A Scandal in Suburbia"</a>. <i>American Cinematographer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Cinematographer&rft.atitle=A+Scandal+in+Suburbia&rft.date=2002-12&rft.aulast=Silberg&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheasc.com%2Fmagazine%2Fdec02%2Ffar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHNc_43zXEY"><i>The Shape of Water</i> wins Best Picture-Oscars on YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldofwonder.net/bornthisday-filmmaker-douglas-sirk-3/">#BornThisDay: Filmmaker, Douglas Sirk-The WOW Report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/films/28714-polyester">Polyester (1981)|The Criterion Collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mubi.com/films/polyester">Poleyester (1981)-MUBI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819211539/http://www.bayern.de/Anlage19170/PreistraegerdesBayerischenFilmpreises-Pierrot.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.bayern.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayern.de/Anlage19170/PreistraegerdesBayerischenFilmpreises-Pierrot.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bayern.de&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayern.de%2FAnlage19170%2FPreistraegerdesBayerischenFilmpreises-Pierrot.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Sirk" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/sirk.html">Douglas Sirk Bibliography</a> (via UC Berkeley)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Sirk&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Douglas_Sirk34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Douglas_Sirk" title="Template:Douglas Sirk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Douglas_Sirk" title="Template talk:Douglas Sirk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Douglas_Sirk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Douglas Sirk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Douglas_Sirk34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Douglas Sirk</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/April,_April!" title="April, April!">April, April!</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_the_Marsh_Croft_(1935_film)" title="The Girl from the Marsh Croft (1935 film)">The Girl from the Marsh Croft</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Society_(1935_film)" title="Pillars of Society (1935 film)">Pillars of Society</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%27t_Was_%C3%A9%C3%A9n_April" title="'t Was één April">'t Was één April</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schlu%C3%9Fakkord" title="Schlußakkord">Schlußakkord</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Court_Concert" title="The Court Concert">The Court Concert</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_New_Shores" title="To New Shores">To New Shores</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Habanera" title="La Habanera">La Habanera</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Final_Accord_(1938_film)" title="Final Accord (1938 film)">Final Accord</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boefje" title="Boefje">Boefje</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Madman" title="Hitler's Madman">Hitler's Madman</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summer_Storm_(1944_film)" title="Summer Storm (1944 film)">Summer Storm</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Paris" title="A Scandal in Paris">A Scandal in Paris</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lured" title="Lured">Lured</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleep,_My_Love" title="Sleep, My Love">Sleep, My Love</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shockproof" title="Shockproof">Shockproof</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slightly_French" title="Slightly French">Slightly French</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Submarine_(1950_film)" title="Mystery Submarine (1950 film)">Mystery Submarine</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Legion" title="The First Legion">The First Legion</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thunder_on_the_Hill" title="Thunder on the Hill">Thunder on the Hill</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Pays_Off" title="The Lady Pays Off">The Lady Pays Off</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Week-End_with_Father" title="Week-End with Father">Week-End with Father</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Room_for_the_Groom" title="No Room for the Groom">No Room for the Groom</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Has_Anybody_Seen_My_Gal%3F_(film)" title="Has Anybody Seen My Gal? (film)">Has Anybody Seen My Gal?</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_at_the_Fair" title="Meet Me at the Fair">Meet Me at the Fair</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Take_Me_to_Town" title="Take Me to Town">Take Me to Town</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_I_Desire" title="All I Desire">All I Desire</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taza,_Son_of_Cochise" title="Taza, Son of Cochise">Taza, Son of Cochise</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnificent_Obsession_(1954_film)" title="Magnificent Obsession (1954 film)">Magnificent Obsession</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_Pagan" title="Sign of the Pagan">Sign of the Pagan</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Lightfoot" title="Captain Lightfoot">Captain Lightfoot</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Heaven_Allows" title="All That Heaven Allows">All That Heaven Allows</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/There%27s_Always_Tomorrow_(1956_film)" title="There's Always Tomorrow (1956 film)">There's Always Tomorrow</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Written_on_the_Wind" title="Written on the Wind">Written on the Wind</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_(film)" title="Battle Hymn (film)">Battle Hymn</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interlude_(1957_film)" title="Interlude (1957 film)">Interlude</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tarnished_Angels" title="The Tarnished Angels">The Tarnished Angels</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_to_Love_and_a_Time_to_Die" title="A Time to Love and a Time to Die">A Time to Love and a Time to Die</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Life_(1959_film)" title="Imitation of Life (1959 film)">Imitation of Life</a></i> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–1940)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sirk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1886)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1887)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909–1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Square" title="Black Square">Black Square</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing<br />arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Falla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60858#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368638230">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121216933">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14911756">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1427412/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvHcHVHXktQ4PVbDBFqcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11883181X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063051">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13178855m">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb171178561">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13178855m">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb171178561">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01040279">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sirk, Douglas <1897-1987>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV094470">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an58948826">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=pna2007397497&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1123336">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p151401497">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90855206">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201104939">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/348d2aaa-8807-4f32-ab79-2ea4e6ae5ea9">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_11883181X">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1696055">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/11883181X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11883181X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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