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<ul id="toc-Metamodern_authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vermeulen_and_van_den_Akker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vermeulen_and_van_den_Akker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Vermeulen and van den Akker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vermeulen_and_van_den_Akker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jason_Ānanda_Josephson_Storm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jason_Ānanda_Josephson_Storm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Jason Ānanda Josephson Storm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jason_Ānanda_Josephson_Storm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanzi_Freinacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanzi_Freinacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Hanzi Freinacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanzi_Freinacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brendan_Graham_Dempsey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brendan_Graham_Dempsey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Brendan Graham Dempsey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brendan_Graham_Dempsey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luke_Turner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luke_Turner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Luke Turner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luke_Turner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Other authors</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="#Visual_Arts_Exhibits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Visual Arts Exhibits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_Arts_Exhibits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>In other media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernisme" title="Metamodernisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Metamodernisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9" title="ميتا حداثة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميتا حداثة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernisme" title="Metamodernisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metamodernisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernisme" title="Metamodernisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metamodernisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamoderne" title="Metamoderne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metamoderne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernsus" title="Metamodernsus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metamodernsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernismo" title="Metamodernismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metamodernismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Մետամոդեռնիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մետամոդեռնիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מטא-מודרניזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטא-מודרניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernisms" title="Metamodernisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Metamodernisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernisme" title="Metamodernisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Metamodernisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernisme" title="Metamodernisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metamodernisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernisme" title="Metamodernisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metamodernisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernismo" title="Metamodernismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metamodernismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метамодернизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метамодернизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metamodernism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernismi" title="Metamodernismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metamodernismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodernizm" title="Metamodernizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metamodernizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метамодернізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метамодернізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="元现代主义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元现代主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3380771#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#66ccff;"><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> Preceded by <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Postmodernity" title="Postmodernity">Postmodernity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernity" title="Hypermodernity">Hypermodernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperreality" title="Hyperreality">Hyperreality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthumanism" title="Posthumanism">Posthumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaddff;"> Fields</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_anthropology" title="Postmodernist anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-processual_archaeology" title="Post-processual archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_school_(criminology)" title="Postmodernist school (criminology)">Criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_dance" title="Postmodern dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_feminism" title="Postmodern feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_literature" title="Postmodern literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Postmodern_picture_book" title="Postmodern picture book">Picture books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_music" title="Postmodern music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodernism (international relations)">International relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" title="Postmodern philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Marxism" title="Post-Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpositivism" title="Postpositivism">Postpositivism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_psychology" title="Postmodern psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism_in_political_science" title="Postmodernism in political science">Political science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_theatre" title="Postmodern theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_theology" title="Postmodern theology">Theology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_religion" title="Postmodern religion">Religion</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaddff;"> Reactions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_postmodernism" title="Criticism of postmodernism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metamodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-postmodernism" title="Post-postmodernism">Post-postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Postmodernism" title="Template:Postmodernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Postmodernism" title="Template talk:Postmodernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Postmodernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Postmodernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Metamodernism</b> is the term for a cultural discourse and <a href="/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm">paradigm</a> that has <a href="/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">emerged</a> after <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a>. It refers to new forms of contemporary art and theory that respond to <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a> and postmodernism and integrate aspects of both together. Metamodernism reflects an <a href="/wiki/Oscillation" title="Oscillation">oscillation</a> between, or synthesis of, different "cultural logics" such as modern idealism and postmodern skepticism, modern sincerity and postmodern irony, and other seemingly opposed concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philosophically, metamodern advocates agree with many postmodern critiques of modernism (for example, highlighting <a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality" title="Gender inequality">gender inequality</a>); however, they often contend that postmodern <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">deconstruction</a> and critical analytic strategies fall short in facilitating desired resolutions. Metamodern scholarship initially focused on interpreting art in this vein and established a foundation for the field, particularly through observing the growing blend of irony and sincerity (or <a href="/wiki/Post-irony" title="Post-irony">post-irony</a>) in society.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later authors have explored metamodernism in other disciplines as well, with many frequently drawing on <a href="/wiki/Integral_theory" title="Integral theory">integral theory</a> in their approach.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The term "metamodern" first appeared as early as 1975, when scholar Mas'ud Zavarzadeh used it to describe emerging <a href="/wiki/American_literature#Post-World_War_II_fiction" title="American literature">American literature</a> from the mid-1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later notably in 1999 when <a href="/wiki/Moyo_Okediji" title="Moyo Okediji">Moyo Okediji</a> applied the term to contemporary <a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American art</a> as an "extension of and challenge to modernism and postmodernism."<sup id="cite_ref-Okediji_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okediji-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It wasn't until Vermeulen and van den Akker's 2010 essay "Notes on Metamodernism" that the subject garnered broader attention within <a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">academia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-journalofaestheticsandculture2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalofaestheticsandculture2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pendulum-no-text.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A pendulum swinging back and forth." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pendulum-no-text.gif/220px-Pendulum-no-text.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pendulum-no-text.gif/330px-Pendulum-no-text.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pendulum-no-text.gif/440px-Pendulum-no-text.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>To describe "the structure of feeling" of metamodernism, Vermeulen and van den Akker used the metaphor of a pendulum continually oscillating from the sincere seriousness of modernism to the ironic playfulness of postmodernism.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Notes_on_metamodernism_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Notes_on_metamodernism-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerstenWilbers2018719_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerstenWilbers2018719-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metamodern_authors">Metamodern authors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Metamodern authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vermeulen_and_van_den_Akker">Vermeulen and van den Akker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vermeulen and van den Akker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cultural theorists Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker published their essay "Notes on Metamodernism" in 2010 and ran an online research blog with the same name from 2009 to 2016. Their work is often considered an attempt to explain <a href="/wiki/Post-postmodernism" title="Post-postmodernism">post-postmodernism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to them, the metamodern sensibility "can be conceived of as a kind of informed naivety, a pragmatic idealism" characteristic of cultural responses to recent global events such as climate change, the financial crisis, political instability, and the digital revolution. They asserted that "the postmodern culture of relativism, irony, and pastiche" is over, having been replaced by a sensibility that stresses engagement, affect, and storytelling through "ironic sincerity."<sup id="cite_ref-journalofaestheticsandculture2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalofaestheticsandculture2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timotheus_Vermeulen_and_Robin_van_den_Akker_at_the_Between_Irony_and_Sincerity_Lecture_at_Columbia_GSAPP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Timotheus_Vermeulen_and_Robin_van_den_Akker_at_the_Between_Irony_and_Sincerity_Lecture_at_Columbia_GSAPP.jpg/330px-Timotheus_Vermeulen_and_Robin_van_den_Akker_at_the_Between_Irony_and_Sincerity_Lecture_at_Columbia_GSAPP.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Timotheus_Vermeulen_and_Robin_van_den_Akker_at_the_Between_Irony_and_Sincerity_Lecture_at_Columbia_GSAPP.jpg/495px-Timotheus_Vermeulen_and_Robin_van_den_Akker_at_the_Between_Irony_and_Sincerity_Lecture_at_Columbia_GSAPP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Timotheus_Vermeulen_and_Robin_van_den_Akker_at_the_Between_Irony_and_Sincerity_Lecture_at_Columbia_GSAPP.jpg/660px-Timotheus_Vermeulen_and_Robin_van_den_Akker_at_the_Between_Irony_and_Sincerity_Lecture_at_Columbia_GSAPP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker at the Between Irony and Sincerity Lecture at Columbia GSAPP</figcaption></figure><p>The prefix "meta-" referred not so much to a reflective stance or repeated rumination, but to Plato's metaxy, which denotes a movement between (meta) opposite poles as well as beyond (meta) them. Vermeulen and van den Akker described metamodernism as a "<a href="/wiki/Structure_of_feeling" title="Structure of feeling">structure of feeling</a>" that oscillates between modernism and postmodernism like "a pendulum swinging... between two opposite poles". </p><p>"Ontologically," they write, "metamodernism oscillates between the modern and the postmodern. It oscillates between a modern enthusiasm and a postmodern irony, between hope and melancholy, between naïveté and knowingness, empathy and apathy, unity and plurality, totality and fragmentation, purity and ambiguity. Indeed, by oscillating to and fro or back and forth, the metamodern negotiates between the modern and the postmodern."<sup id="cite_ref-journalofaestheticsandculture2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalofaestheticsandculture2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the metamodern generation, according to Vermeulen, "<a href="/wiki/Metanarrative" title="Metanarrative">grand narratives</a> are as necessary as they are problematic; hope is not simply something to distrust, love not necessarily something to be ridiculed."<sup id="cite_ref-Tank_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tank-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The return of a <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> sensibility has been posited as a key characteristic of metamodernism, observed by Vermeulen and van den Akker in the architecture of <a href="/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron" title="Herzog & de Meuron">Herzog & de Meuron</a>, and the work of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Bas_Jan_Ader" title="Bas Jan Ader">Bas Jan Ader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Doig" title="Peter Doig">Peter Doig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olafur_Eliasson" title="Olafur Eliasson">Olafur Eliasson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaye_Donachie" title="Kaye Donachie">Kaye Donachie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_(artist)" title="Charles Avery (artist)">Charles Avery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Kjartansson_(artist_born_1976)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragnar Kjartansson (artist born 1976)">Ragnar Kjartansson</a>. They claim that the neoromantic approach to metamodernism is done in the spirit of resignifying "‘the commonplace with significance, the ordinary with mystery, the familiar with the seemliness of the unfamiliar, and the finite with the semblance of the infinite." By doing so, these artists seek to "perceive anew a future that was lost from sight." </p><p>Vermeulen asserted that "metamodernism is not so much a philosophy — which implies a closed ontology — as it is an attempt at a vernacular [or] a sort of open source document, that might contextualise and explain what is going on around us, in political economy as much as in the arts." They asserted that the 2000s were marked by a return to typically modern positions, while still retaining the postmodern sensibilities of the 1980s and 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-journalofaestheticsandculture2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalofaestheticsandculture2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jason_Ānanda_Josephson_Storm"><span id="Jason_.C4.80nanda_Josephson_Storm"></span>Jason Ānanda Josephson Storm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jason Ānanda Josephson Storm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, American academic <a href="/wiki/Jason_Josephson_Storm" title="Jason Josephson Storm">Jason Josephson Storm</a> published <i>Metamodernism: The Future of Theory</i>. In the book, Storm argues for a metamodern method of scholarly research in the <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> which requires a "revaluation of values" and a new analytic process. He incorporates <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegelian dialectics</a> to negate what he argues are reflective negatives in postmodern thought, including general skepticism, <a href="/wiki/Anti-realism" title="Anti-realism">antirealism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moral_nihilism" title="Moral nihilism">ethical nihilism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_turn" title="Linguistic turn">linguistic turn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Notable concepts detailed by Storm in the book include his proposition of metarealism, "process social ontology", and "hylosemiotics" (see: <a href="/wiki/Process_philosophy" title="Process philosophy">process philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">semiotics</a>). Storm describes metamodernism in brief as follows:</p><blockquote><p>"Metamodernism is what we get when we take the strategies associated with postmodernism and productively reduplicate and turn them in on themselves. This will entail disturbing the symbolic system of poststructuralism, producing a genealogy of genealogies, deconstructing deconstruction, and providing a therapy for therapeutic philosophy."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>In 2024, Storm also launched the academic journal: <i>Metamodern Theory and Praxis</i> as Chair of the Science and Technology Studies department at <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>. Storm asserts that self-analytical, "anti-disciplinary" thought is needed to effectively engage metamodern ideas in the real world and has stated his work is more about creating a paradigm shift than describing an intellectual movement.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hanzi_Freinacht">Hanzi Freinacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hanzi Freinacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hanzi Freinacht is the pen-name used by author Emil Ejner Friis and sociologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_G%C3%B6rtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Görtz (page does not exist)">Daniel Görtz</a> who published <i>The Listening Society: A Metamodern Guide to Politics</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Written as a philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Polemic" title="Polemic">polemic</a>, Freinacht plays into common metamodern themes like informed-naivete and ironic-sincerity vis-à-vis his performance as an author. Freinacht centrally argues that metamodernism is the natural successor of postmodernism and earlier developmental stages in history, advocating for stage theories<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a valid way to understand metamodern phenomena. </p><p>In <i>The Listening Society</i>, Freinacht attempts to describe how relationships between <a href="/wiki/Memetics" title="Memetics">memetics</a> (or units of culture), <a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">epistemology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">developmental psychology</a> are integral to <a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">comparative politics</a> and a metamodern lifestyle in general. The book seeks to broadly and systematically describe the world under the framing of "symbolic development",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arguing that societies can most effectively address their issues through better understanding how developed its people and places are. To this end, Freinacht conceptualizes development by showing how inner-personal growth and trends in culture and politics follow patterns that can be found in relation to stages of increasing <a href="/wiki/Complexity" title="Complexity">complexity</a> (notably building upon Michael Commons' <a href="/wiki/Model_of_hierarchical_complexity" title="Model of hierarchical complexity">Model of Hierarchical Complexity</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Görtz summarizes this concept of "stages" in his own name in the collective anthology: <i>Metamodernity: Dispatches from a Time Between Worlds</i>:</p><blockquote><p>"It is a tenet of metamodern sociology that perspectives are not arbitrarily ordered, but that they emerge in recognisable patterns... These sequences are, in turn, always dependent upon social and material – ultimately, even biological – conditions, with which they interact. Postmodernism did not emerge before modernism, nor <i>could</i> it have. For this reason, metamodern sociology always looks for meaningful explanatory developmental sequences, putting them in relation to one another on some kind of developmental scale. This developmentalism thus accepts at least some minimal form of stage theories… Each stage must be, in clearly definable terms, either <i>more complex</i> than the former, or, at a minimum, be derived from the former and qualitatively distinct."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>In terms of political ideology, Freinacht advocates for government policy that emphasizes <a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">environmental sustainability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>, and substantial spending on <a href="/wiki/Welfare_spending" title="Welfare spending">social programs</a>, which can be found in his second book: <i>Nordic Ideology</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brendan_Graham_Dempsey">Brendan Graham Dempsey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brendan Graham Dempsey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, Dempsey wrote <i>Metamodernism: Or, The Cultural Logic of Cultural Logics</i>, in which he attempted to synthesize the various strands of metamodern discourse to date (e.g., Vermeulen, Storm, Freinacht, etc.) into a single coherent framework based on the idea of "meta" as "recursive reflection." For Dempsey, what all forms of metamodernism have in common is the attempt to move <i>beyond</i> postmodernism <i>by means of</i> postmodernism—a move which requires progressively "decentering" from the postmodern vantage in order to reflect on it as an object of analysis (i.e., "going meta" on postmodernism). This reflective move creates a new orientation that is able to critique the previous perspective from a higher vantage. </p><p> However, since this is also the process by which postmodernism distinguished itself from its modernist predecessor, such a dynamic can be seen as an enduring throughline in the development of all cultural logics. As he puts it:</p><blockquote><p>"The claim I’d like to make is that cultural shifts—like those from modernism to postmodernism to metamodernism—reflect society-level manifestations of such recursive, self-reflective moves. Postmodernists come after, objectify, reflect upon, critique, and transcend modernism; metamodernists come after, objectify, reflect upon, critique, and transcend postmodernism; and so on. As they do, genuinely <i>novel</i> insights and sensibilities are generated that justify speaking in terms of distinct cultural phases."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Dempsey sees this "recursive transcendence through iterative self-reflection" operating (implicitly or explicitly) as part of all contemporary articulations of metamodernism. Consequently, he posits that such a "logic" to the unfolding of cultural logics is itself a defining feature of the emerging metamodern worldview: </p><blockquote><p>"In sum, what “metamodernism” speaks to, I am suggesting, is 1) the cultural moment when the deep recursive process of iterative self-reflection is applied to postmodernism, and thus constitutes an advance <i>beyond</i> the postmodern that <i>includes</i> many of its strategies. In the process, metamodernism becomes 2) the cultural moment when this deep recursive process in cultural shifts becomes an explicit object of reflection and the basis of a new way of seeing. Metamodernism thus becomes a cultural logic <i>about</i> (meta) cultural logics. Thus, with the awareness of the full implications of “going meta” in eternal recursive reflection, metamodernism entails the necessary inclusion within it of <i>all</i> prior cultural logics (at least insofar as it contains representations of their information in its complexity from a higher vantage). In this way, metamodernism signals an inherently multi-perspectival perspective, one that recognizes its inherent ability to toggle in and out of its own recursive contents."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luke_Turner">Luke Turner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Luke Turner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Explicitly drawing upon the work of Vermeulen and van den Akker, <a href="/wiki/Luke_Turner_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke Turner (artist)">Luke Turner</a> published <i>The Metamodernist Manifesto</i> in 2011 as "an exercise in simultaneously defining and embodying the metamodern spirit," describing it as "a romantic reaction to our crisis-ridden moment."<sup id="cite_ref-Berfrois-Turner_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berfrois-Turner-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_LRT_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_LRT-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manifesto recognized "oscillation to be the natural order of the world," and called for an end to "the inertia resulting from a century of modernist ideological naivety and the cynical insincerity of its antonymous bastard child."<sup id="cite_ref-luketurner_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luketurner-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herald_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herald-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Turner proposed metamodernism as "the mercurial condition between and beyond irony and sincerity, naivety and knowingness, relativism and truth, optimism and doubt, in pursuit of a plurality of disparate and elusive horizons," and concluded with a call to "go forth and oscillate!"<sup id="cite_ref-Fader_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fader-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tank_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tank-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the manifesto became the impetus for <a href="/wiki/LaBeouf,_R%C3%B6nkk%C3%B6_%26_Turner" title="LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner">LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner</a>'s collaborative art practice, after <a href="/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf" title="Shia LaBeouf">Shia LaBeouf</a> reached out to Turner after encountering the text,<sup id="cite_ref-co-art_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co-art-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buzzfeed-Turner_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buzzfeed-Turner-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the trio embarking on a series of metamodern performance projects exploring connection, empathy, and community across digital and physical platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-Metro_LRT_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metro_LRT-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sydney_LRT_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sydney_LRT-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_authors">Other authors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One notable researcher, Dr. Gregg Henriques, has promulgated a theory which posits "four planes of existence in nature and technology." He lists these four planes as follows: "Matter-object, life-organism, mind-animal, culture-person."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He links this to "metamodernism," as aligning with a new way to view reality.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_metamodernism_in_the_arts_and_culture">Examples of metamodernism in the arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Examples of metamodernism in the arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamburg,_Hafen,_Elbphilharmonie_--_2016_--_3129.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of Herzog and de Meuron's Elbe Philharmonie, Hamburg. Notes from Modernism describes it an example of the metamodernism in architecture." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hamburg%2C_Hafen%2C_Elbphilharmonie_--_2016_--_3129.jpg/220px-Hamburg%2C_Hafen%2C_Elbphilharmonie_--_2016_--_3129.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hamburg%2C_Hafen%2C_Elbphilharmonie_--_2016_--_3129.jpg/330px-Hamburg%2C_Hafen%2C_Elbphilharmonie_--_2016_--_3129.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hamburg%2C_Hafen%2C_Elbphilharmonie_--_2016_--_3129.jpg/440px-Hamburg%2C_Hafen%2C_Elbphilharmonie_--_2016_--_3129.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3605" data-file-height="3605" /></a><figcaption>Vermeulen and van den Akker state that the architecture of <a href="/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron" title="Herzog & de Meuron">Herzog & de Meuron</a> is expressive of "attempts to negotiate between such opposite poles as culture and nature, the finite and the infinite, the commonplace and the ethereal, a formal structure, and a formalist unstructuring."<sup id="cite_ref-Notes_on_metamodernism_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Notes_on_metamodernism-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_Arts_Exhibits">Visual Arts Exhibits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Visual Arts Exhibits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design" title="Museum of Arts and Design">Museum of Arts and Design</a> in New York staged an exhibition entitled <i>No More Modern: Notes on Metamodernism</i>, featuring the work of <a href="/wiki/Pilvi_Takala" title="Pilvi Takala">Pilvi Takala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guido_van_der_Werve" title="Guido van der Werve">Guido van der Werve</a>, Benjamin Martin, and Mariechen Danz.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2012, Galerie Tanja Wagner in Berlin curated <i>Discussing Metamodernism</i> in collaboration with Vermeulen and van den Akker. The show featured the work of <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_Aminde" class="extiw" title="de:Ulf Aminde">Ulf Aminde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yael_Bartana" title="Yael Bartana">Yael Bartana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monica_Bonvicini" title="Monica Bonvicini">Monica Bonvicini</a>, Mariechen Danz, Annabel Daou, <a href="/wiki/Paula_Doepfner" title="Paula Doepfner">Paula Doepfner</a>, Olafur Eliasson, <a href="/wiki/Mona_Hatoum" title="Mona Hatoum">Mona Hatoum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Holden_(artist)" title="Andy Holden (artist)">Andy Holden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sejla_Kameric" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejla Kameric">Sejla Kameric</a>, Ragnar Kjartansson, <a href="/wiki/Kris_Lemsalu" title="Kris Lemsalu">Kris Lemsalu</a>, Issa Sant, <a href="/wiki/David_Thorpe_(artist)" title="David Thorpe (artist)">David Thorpe</a>, Angelika J. Trojnarski, Luke Turner, and <a href="/wiki/Nastja_S%C3%A4de_R%C3%B6nkk%C3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Nastja Säde Rönkkö">Nastja Säde Rönkkö</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 <a href="/wiki/Andy_Holden_(artist)" title="Andy Holden (artist)">Andy Holden</a> staged the exhibition <i>Maximum Irony! Maximum Sincerity 1999-2003: Towards a Unified Theory of M!MS</i>. The exhibition examined the manifesto he had written in 2003 that called for art to be simultaneously ironic and sincere. The exhibition told the history of the writing of the manifesto and subsequently M!MS it now often cited as a precursor to Metamodernism as a ‘structure of feeling’.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting 2018 the UK <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Arts and Humanities Research Council">Arts and Humanities Research Council</a> (AHRC) has funded a Metamodernism Research Network. The Network has hosted several international symposia and conferences.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature">In literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alison Gibbons has identified several novels as exemplifying a metamodern version of autofiction: Ben Lerner's <i>10:04</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lance Olsen's <i>Theories of Forgetting</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chris Kraus's <i>I Love Dick</i><sup id="cite_ref-:7_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Friederic Biegbieder's <i>Windows on the World</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gibbons distinguishes metamodern autofiction thusly: "[Authors of metamodern autofiction] write out of a postmodernist formulation of fragmented, fictitious textual identity and towards a metamodern affect, whereby subjectivity is linked to an external reality through personal connection and situatedness."<sup id="cite_ref-:7_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars and critics have pointed to metamodern qualities in many other works of fiction. Some of these are Jennifer Egan's <i>A Visit From the Goon Squad</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zadie Smith's <i>NW</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dave Eggers’ <i>A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elif Batuman's <i>Either/Or</i> and <i>The Idiot</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tope Folarin's <i>A Particular Kind of Black Man</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suzanna Clarke's <i>Piranesi</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark Haddon's <i>The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jenni Fagan's <i>The Waken</i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several by Ali Smith: <i>How to Be Both,</i><sup id="cite_ref-:7_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the four novels that make up her seasonal quartet—<i>Winter</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Spring</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Summer</i><sup id="cite_ref-:9_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Autumn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary Holland identified Don LeLillo's <i>Point Omega</i> as a notably metamodern departure from his previous postmodern work: “… with the concentration of his characteristic tonal evasiveness into the painful precision of Point Omega, DeLillo, never sentimental, moves into the realm of metamodernism, producing fiction that has more in common with the unabashedly connection- and meaning-centered fiction of contemporary writers like Jonathan Safran Foer and David Mitchell than with much of the ficton of his own bleak postmodern past.”<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antony Rowland conceptualizes metamodern poetry as that which “resists the enduring bifurcation of contemporary … poetry into mainstream and ‘innovative’ writing.” In <i>Metamodernism and Contemporary British Poetry</i>, Rowland offers close readings of work by Geoffry Hill, J.H. Prynne, Geraldine Monk, Ahren Warner, Sandeep Parmar and James Byrne.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_media">In other media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James MacDowell, in his formulation of the "quirky" cinematic sensibility, described the works of <a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Gondry" title="Michel Gondry">Michel Gondry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miranda_July" title="Miranda July">Miranda July</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> as building upon the "<a href="/wiki/New_Sincerity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Sincerity">New Sincerity</a>", and embodying the metamodern structure of feeling in their balancing of "ironic detachment with sincere engagement".<sup id="cite_ref-WesAnderson_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WesAnderson-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linda Ceriello's work with Greg Dember on popular cultural products such as Joss Whedon's seminal television show <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Ceriello2018_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceriello2018-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on Whedon and Goddard's 2012 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabin_in_the_Woods" title="The Cabin in the Woods">The Cabin in the Woods</a></i> proposed an epistemic taxonomy of the monstrous/paranormal to distinguish the character of metamodern monsters from those which could be read as postmodern, modern or pre-modern.<sup id="cite_ref-CerielloDember2019_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CerielloDember2019-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2014, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Sturgill_Simpson" title="Sturgill Simpson">Sturgill Simpson</a> told <i><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Music Television">CMT</a></i> that his album <i><a href="/wiki/Metamodern_Sounds_in_Country_Music" title="Metamodern Sounds in Country Music">Metamodern Sounds in Country Music</a></i> had been inspired in part by an essay by <a href="/wiki/Seth_Abramson" title="Seth Abramson">Seth Abramson</a>, who writes about metamodernism on his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i> blog.<sup id="cite_ref-CMT_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMT-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simpson stated that "Abramson homes in on the way everybody is obsessed with nostalgia, even though technology is moving faster than ever."<sup id="cite_ref-CMT_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMT-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to J.T. Welsch, "Abramson sees the 'meta-' prefix as a means to transcend the burden of modernism and postmodernism's allegedly polarised intellectual heritage."<sup id="cite_ref-BAMS_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAMS-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bo_Burnham" title="Bo Burnham">Bo Burnham</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Grade_(film)" title="Eighth Grade (film)">Eighth Grade</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Bo_Burnham:_Inside" title="Bo Burnham: Inside"><i>Inside</i></a> have been described as metamodern reactions to growing up with social media.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2022 film <i><a href="/wiki/Everything_Everywhere_All_at_Once" title="Everything Everywhere All at Once">Everything Everywhere All at Once</a></i> was explicitly identified by the directors, <a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">The Daniels</a>, as a metamodern film.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, Steve Jones published <i>The Metamodern Slasher Film</i>, "the first monograph to examine film in a sustained way using metamodernism, and the first academic work to analyse horror under a metamodern lens".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The music of contemporary classical composers <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Walshe" title="Jennifer Walshe">Jennifer Walshe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Haigh" title="Robin Haigh">Robin Haigh</a> had been described as metamodern.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_works">Other works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays">Essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2013 issue of the <i>American Book Review</i> dedicated to metamodernism included a series of essays identifying authors such as <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Bola%C3%B1o" title="Roberto Bolaño">Roberto Bolaño</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Eggers" title="Dave Eggers">Dave Eggers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Franzen" title="Jonathan Franzen">Jonathan Franzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zadie_Smith" title="Zadie Smith">Zadie Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Foster_Wallace" title="David Foster Wallace">David Foster Wallace</a> as metamodernists.<sup id="cite_ref-American_Book_Review-b_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Book_Review-b-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Observator_Cultural_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Observator_Cultural-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2014 article in <i><a href="/wiki/Publications_of_the_Modern_Language_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Publications of the Modern Language Association">PMLA</a></i>, literary scholars David James and Urmila Seshagiri argued that "metamodernist writing incorporates and adapts, reactivates and complicates the aesthetic prerogatives of an earlier cultural moment", specifically modernism, in discussing twenty-first century writers such as <a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(novelist)" title="Tom McCarthy (novelist)">Tom McCarthy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PMLA_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMLA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerstenWilbers2018719_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerstenWilbers2018719-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Professor Stephen Knudsen, writing in <i>ArtPulse</i>, noted that metamodernism "allows the possibility of staying sympathetic to the poststructuralist <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">deconstruction</a> of subjectivity and the self—<a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Lyotard</a>’s teasing of everything into intertextual fragments—and yet it still encourages genuine protagonists and creators and the recouping of some of modernism's virtues."<sup id="cite_ref-ArtPulse_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArtPulse-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Vermeulen and van den Akker, with Allison Gibbons, published <i>Metamodernism: Historicity, Affect and Depth After Postmodernism</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-MMHAandD_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMHAandD-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an edited collection of essays exploring the notion of metamodernism across a variety of fields in the arts and culture. Individual chapters cover metamodernism in areas such as film, literary fiction, crafts, television, photography and politics. Contributors include the three editors, James MacDowell, Josh Toth, Jöog Heiser, Sjoerd van Tuinen, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Konstantinou" title="Lee Konstantinou">Lee Konstantinou</a>, Nicole Timmer, Gry C. Rustad, Kuy Hanno Schwind, Irmtraud Huber, Wolfgang Funk, Sam Browse, Raoul Eshelman, and <a href="/wiki/James_Elkins_(art_historian)" title="James Elkins (art historian)">James Elkins</a>. In the introductory chapter, van den Akker and Vermeulen update and consolidate their original 2010 proposal, while addressing the divergent usages of the term “metamodernism” by other thinkers. </p><p>An article applying metamodern theory to the study of religions was published in 2017 by Michel Clasquin-Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2017 essay on metamodernism in literary fiction, <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Vittorini" title="Fabio Vittorini">Fabio Vittorini</a> stated that since the late 1980s, memetic strategies of the modern have been combined with the meta-literary strategies of the postmodern, performing "a pendulum-like motion between the naive and/or fanatic idealism of the former and the skeptical and/or apathetic pragmatism of the latter."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, Andre Furlani, analyzing the literary works of <a href="/wiki/Guy_Davenport" title="Guy Davenport">Guy Davenport</a>, defined metamodernism as an aesthetic that is "<i>after</i> yet <i>by means of</i> modernism.... a departure as well as a perpetuation."<sup id="cite_ref-Furlani_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furlani-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The relationship between metamodernism and modernism was seen as going "far beyond homage, toward a reengagement with modernist method in order to address subject matter well outside the range or interest of the modernists themselves."<sup id="cite_ref-Furlani_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furlani-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Linda C. Ceriello proposed a theorization of metamodernism for the field of religious studies, connecting the contemporary phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Secular_spirituality" title="Secular spirituality">secular spirituality</a> to the emergence of a metamodern episteme. Her analysis of contemporary religious/spiritual movements and ontologies posits a shift that is consonant with the metamodern cultural sensibilities identified by others such as Vermeulen and van den Akker, and which has given rise to a distinct metamodern <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>More Deaths than One</i> (2014), the New Zealand writer and singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Gary_Jeshel_Forrester" title="Gary Jeshel Forrester">Gary Jeshel Forrester</a> examined metamodernism by way of a search for the Central Illinois roots of <a href="/wiki/David_Foster_Wallace" title="David Foster Wallace">David Foster Wallace</a> during a picaresque journey to America.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it, Forrester wrote that "[m]etamodernist theory proposes to fill the postmodernist void with a rough synthesis of the two predecessors from the twentieth century [modernism and post-modernism]. In the new paradigm, metaphysics, epistemology, and ontology all have their places, but the overriding concern is with yet another division of philosophy – ethics. It's okay to search for values and meaning, even as we continue to be skeptical." </p><p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Lene_Rachel_Andersen" title="Lene Rachel Andersen">Lene Rachel Anderson</a> published her book <i>Metamodernity: Meaning and Hope in a Complex World,</i> in which she claims: "Metamodernity provides us with a framework for understanding ourselves and our societies in a much more complex way. It contains both indigenous, premodern, modern, and postmodern cultural elements and thus provides social norms and a moral fabric for intimacy, spirituality, religion, science, and self-exploration, all at the same time." In November 2023 she moved to working on Polymodernity<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to differentiate her work on Nordic Bildung from Metamodernity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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title="Stratification framework">Stratification framework</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/theory-knowledge/202004/what-is-metamodernism">"What Is Metamodernism? | Psychology Today"</a>. <i>www.psychologytoday.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.psychologytoday.com&rft.atitle=What+Is+Metamodernism%3F+%7C+Psychology+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fus%2Fblog%2Ftheory-knowledge%2F202004%2Fwhat-is-metamodernism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoev2022" class="citation journal cs1">Stoev, Dina (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Farts11050091">"Metamodernism or Metamodernity"</a>. <i>Arts</i>. <b>11</b> (5): 91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Farts11050091">10.3390/arts11050091</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arts&rft.atitle=Metamodernism+or+Metamodernity&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=91&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Farts11050091&rft.aulast=Stoev&rft.aufirst=Dina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Farts11050091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowson2021" class="citation book cs1">Rowson, Jonathan, ed. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1783489619" title="Special:BookSources/978-1783489619"><bdi>978-1783489619</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metamodernism%3A+History%2C+Affect+and+Depth+After+Postmodernism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1783489619&rft.aulast=van+den+Akker&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Alison&rft.au=Vermeulen%2C+Timotheus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClasquin-Johnson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Clasquin-Johnson, Michel (8 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fhts.v73i3.4491">"Towards a metamodern academic study of religion and a more religiously informed metamodernism"</a>. <i>HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies</i>. <b>73</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fhts.v73i3.4491">10.4102/hts.v73i3.4491</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2072-8050">2072-8050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HTS+Teologiese+Studies+%2F+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=Towards+a+metamodern+academic+study+of+religion+and+a+more+religiously+informed+metamodernism&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4102%2Fhts.v73i3.4491&rft.issn=2072-8050&rft.aulast=Clasquin-Johnson&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4102%252Fhts.v73i3.4491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVittorini2017" class="citation book cs1">Vittorini, Fabio (2017). <i>Raccontare oggi. Metamodernismo tra narratologia, ermeneutica e intermedialità</i>. Bologna: Pàtron. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788855533911" title="Special:BookSources/9788855533911"><bdi>9788855533911</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raccontare+oggi.+Metamodernismo+tra+narratologia%2C+ermeneutica+e+intermedialit%C3%A0&rft.place=Bologna&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=P%C3%A0tron&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9788855533911&rft.aulast=Vittorini&rft.aufirst=Fabio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Furlani-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Furlani_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furlani_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurlani2002" class="citation journal cs1">Furlani, Andre (2002). "Postmodern and after: Guy Davenport". <i><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Literature">Contemporary Literature</a></i>. <b>43</b> (4): 713. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1209039">10.2307/1209039</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1209039">1209039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Literature&rft.atitle=Postmodern+and+after%3A+Guy+Davenport&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=713&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1209039&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1209039%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Furlani&rft.aufirst=Andre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurlani2007" class="citation book cs1">Furlani, Andre (2007). <i>Guy Davenport: Postmodernism and After</i>. <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_Press" title="Northwestern University Press">Northwestern University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guy+Davenport%3A+Postmodernism+and+After&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Furlani&rft.aufirst=Andre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeriello2018" class="citation book cs1">Ceriello, Linda C. (30 May 2018). "Toward a metamodern reading of Spiritual but Not Religious mysticisms". <i>Being Spiritual but Not Religious</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">200–</span>218. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315107431-13">10.4324/9781315107431-13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315107431" title="Special:BookSources/9781315107431"><bdi>9781315107431</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:187908803">187908803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Toward+a+metamodern+reading+of+Spiritual+but+Not+Religious+mysticisms&rft.btitle=Being+Spiritual+but+Not+Religious&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E200-%3C%2Fspan%3E218&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A187908803%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315107431-13&rft.isbn=9781315107431&rft.aulast=Ceriello&rft.aufirst=Linda+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Legal Studies Forum, Volume XXXVIII, No. 2, West Virginia University (2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenerachelandersen.medium.com/polymodern-economics-ec4d817b3824">"Polymodern Economics"</a>. 23 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polymodern+Economics&rft.date=2024-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flenerachelandersen.medium.com%2Fpolymodern-economics-ec4d817b3824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreinacht2017" class="citation book cs1">Freinacht, Hanzi (2017). <i>The Listening Society: A Metamodern Guide to Politics</i>. Metamoderna ApS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-999739-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-999739-0-3"><bdi>978-87-999739-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Listening+Society%3A+A+Metamodern+Guide+to+Politics&rft.pub=Metamoderna+ApS&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-87-999739-0-3&rft.aulast=Freinacht&rft.aufirst=Hanzi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosephson-Storm2021" class="citation book cs1">Josephson-Storm, Jason Ānanda (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1249473210"><i>Metamodernism: the future of theory</i></a>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226786797.001.0001">10.7208/chicago/9780226786797.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-78679-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-78679-7"><bdi>978-0-226-78679-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1249473210">1249473210</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243746314">243746314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metamodernism%3A+the+future+of+theory&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1249473210&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243746314%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226786797.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-226-78679-7&rft.aulast=Josephson-Storm&rft.aufirst=Jason+%C4%80nanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1249473210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerstenWilbers2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kersten, Dennis; Wilbers, Usha (2018). "Introduction: Metamodernism". <i><a href="/wiki/English_Studies_(journal)" title="English Studies (journal)">English Studies</a></i>. <b>99</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">719–</span>722. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0013838X.2018.1510657">10.1080/0013838X.2018.1510657</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2066%2F198020">2066/198020</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Studies&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Metamodernism&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E719-%3C%2Fspan%3E722&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2066%2F198020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0013838X.2018.1510657&rft.aulast=Kersten&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.au=Wilbers%2C+Usha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodernism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodernism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metamodernism.com"><i>Notes on Metamodernism</i></a> (research blog founded by Vermeulen and van den Akker)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metamoderna.org/"><i>Metamoderna</i></a> (blog)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatismetamodern.com/metamodernism-catalog/"><i>What is Metamodern?</i></a> (blog)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xEi8qg266g&t=1162s">Why do movies feel so different now?</a> (popular video essay on YouTube)</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Criticism_of_postmodernism" title="Template:Criticism of postmodernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Criticism_of_postmodernism" title="Template talk:Criticism of postmodernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Criticism_of_postmodernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Criticism of postmodernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Criticism_of_postmodernism97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_postmodernism" title="Criticism of postmodernism">Criticism of postmodernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-anti-art" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-anti-art">Anti-anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernity" title="Hypermodernity">Hypermodernity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metamodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodernism" title="Neomodernism">Neomodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_sincerity" title="New sincerity">New sincerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-irony" title="Post-irony">Post-irony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-postmodernism" title="Post-postmodernism">Post-postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmodernism" title="Transmodernism">Transmodernism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Critics_of_postmodernism" title="Category:Critics of postmodernism">Critics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Anderson" title="Perry Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophelia_Benson" title="Ophelia Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Berman" title="Marshall Berman">Berman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bricmont" title="Jean Bricmont">Bricmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Bunge" title="Mario Bunge">Bunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Crews" title="Frederick Crews">Crews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Dennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Dussel" title="Enrique Dussel">Dussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hicks" title="Stephen Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Kramer" title="Hilton Kramer">Kramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Lindsay" title="James A. 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Superstition">Higher Superstition</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dead_White_Males_(play)" title="Dead White Males (play)">Dead White Males</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fashionable_Nonsense" title="Fashionable Nonsense">Fashionable Nonsense</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hicks#Explaining_Postmodernism" title="Stephen Hicks">Explaining Postmodernism</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dictionary_of_Fashionable_Nonsense" title="The Dictionary of Fashionable Nonsense">The Dictionary of Fashionable Nonsense</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cynical_Theories" title="Cynical Theories">Cynical Theories</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grievance_studies_affair" title="Grievance studies affair">Grievance studies 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mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d859b9dc9-hthnm","wgBackendResponseTime":185,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.864","walltime":"0.984","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4305,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":155382,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1459,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":281060,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 860.679 1 -total"," 54.08% 465.425 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.03% 146.571 16 Template:Cite_web"," 14.82% 127.557 25 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.56% 99.506 22 Template:Cite_book"," 10.26% 88.271 1 Template:Postmodernism"," 10.04% 86.438 1 Template:Sidebar"," 7.94% 68.369 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.76% 58.180 2 Template:Sfn"," 5.78% 49.745 1 Template:Page_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.582","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8380399,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAzadanipourMalekiHajjari2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBautista2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBentley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCeriello2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCerielloDember2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClasquin-Johnson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCliff2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollection\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Wachter2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDember2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDempsey2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeusner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEve2012\"] = 1,\n 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[\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7d75c9d859-jlm6q","timestamp":"20250218091251","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Metamodernism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metamodernism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3380771","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3380771","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-02-06T10:46:05Z","dateModified":"2025-02-18T09:12:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6f\/Pendulum-no-text.gif","headline":"movement 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