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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_modern_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Before modern humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_modern_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunter-gatherers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunter-gatherers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hunter-gatherers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunter-gatherers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farmers_and_monument_builders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farmers_and_monument_builders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Farmers and monument builders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farmers_and_monument_builders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Iron Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Scotland" title="Category:History of Scotland">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History of <span class="fn org label">Scotland</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Scotland"><img alt="Arms of Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/40px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/60px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/80px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="599" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_038-SCOTIA_REGNUM_cum_insulis_adjacentibus.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="SCOTIA REGNUM cum insulis adjacentibus"><img alt="SCOTIA REGNUM cum insulis adjacentibus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_038-SCOTIA_REGNUM_cum_insulis_adjacentibus.jpeg/150px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_038-SCOTIA_REGNUM_cum_insulis_adjacentibus.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_038-SCOTIA_REGNUM_cum_insulis_adjacentibus.jpeg/225px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_038-SCOTIA_REGNUM_cum_insulis_adjacentibus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_038-SCOTIA_REGNUM_cum_insulis_adjacentibus.jpeg/300px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_038-SCOTIA_REGNUM_cum_insulis_adjacentibus.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4276" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Eras</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prehistoric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistoric_Scotland" title="Timeline of prehistoric Scotland">timeline</a>) 12,000 BC–700 BC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Iron_Age" title="Scotland in the Iron Age">Iron Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">During the Roman Empire</a> 69–384</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Early Middle Ages">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the High Middle Ages">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Late Middle Ages">Late</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Scotland in the early modern period">Early Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era" title="Scotland in the modern era">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">History (timeline)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Rule</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Alpin" title="House of Alpin">House of Alpin</a> (843–878; 889–1040)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Moray" title="House of Moray">House of Moray</a> (1040–1058)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dunkeld" title="House of Dunkeld">House of Dunkeld</a> (1058–1286)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Balliol" title="House of Balliol">House of Balliol</a> (1292–1296)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Bruce" title="Clan Bruce">House of Bruce</a> (1306–1371)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">House of Stuart</a> (1371–1652) (1660–1707)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_under_the_Commonwealth" title="Scotland under the Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a> (1652–1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Scandinavian Scotland">Scandinavian Scotland</a> 793–1468</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Wars of Scottish Independence">Wars of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_Scotland" title="Renaissance in Scotland">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Scotland)" title="Restoration (Scotland)">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Glorious Revolution in Scotland">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Scots_language" title="History of the Scots language">The Scots language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Scotland" title="Economic history of Scotland">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Scotland" title="History of education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Scotland" title="Military history of Scotland">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Scotland" title="Maritime history of Scotland">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Scotland" title="Historiography of Scotland">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Scotland" title="Demographic history of Scotland">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_Scotland" title="Natural history of Scotland">Natural history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture in Scotland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art" title="Scottish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_kilt" title="History of the kilt">The Kilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_philosophy" title="Scottish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scottish_devolution" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Scottish devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Scottish_National_Party" title="History of the Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Scottish_Socialist_Party" title="History of the Scottish Socialist Party">Scottish Socialist Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Scotland" title="Sport in Scotland">Sport</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_football_in_Scotland" title="History of football in Scotland">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rugby_union_in_Scotland" title="History of rugby union in Scotland">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Scotland_national_football_team" title="History of the Scotland national football team">National football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_in_Scotland" title="Golf in Scotland">Golf</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Scotland" title="History of Christianity in Scotland">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Scottish Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="History of the Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disruption_of_1843" title="Disruption of 1843">Great Disruption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Jews and Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland#History" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam and Muslims</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Scotland" title="Template:History of Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Scotland" title="Template talk:History of Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> continue to reveal the secrets of <b>prehistoric Scotland</b>, uncovering a complex past before the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> brought Scotland into the scope of <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a>. Successive human cultures tended to be spread across Europe or further afield, but focusing on this particular geographical area sheds light on the origin of the widespread remains and monuments in Scotland, and on the background to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">history of Scotland</a>. </p><p>The extent of open countryside untouched by <a href="/wiki/Intensive_farming" title="Intensive farming">intensive farming</a>, together with past availability of stone rather than timber, has given Scotland a wealth of accessible sites where the ancient past can be seen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_remote_prehistory_of_Scotland">The remote prehistory of Scotland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The remote prehistory of Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Scotland" title="Geology of Scotland">Geology of Scotland</a></div> <p>Scotland is geologically alien to Europe, comprising a sliver of the ancient continent of <a href="/wiki/Laurentia" title="Laurentia">Laurentia</a> (which later formed the bulk of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>). During the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a> period the crustal region which became Scotland formed part of the continental shelf of Laurentia, then still south of the equator. Laurentia was separated from the continent of <a href="/wiki/Baltica" title="Baltica">Baltica</a> (which later became <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic region</a>) by the diminishing <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_Ocean" title="Iapetus Ocean">Iapetus Ocean</a>. The two ancient continents moved toward one another through the Cambrian and <a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> periods, with <a href="/wiki/Tectonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic">tectonic</a> folding during the <a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian</a> pushing the first Scottish land above water. The final collision occurred during the <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> period, with the Scottish segment of the Laurentian plate smashing into <a href="/wiki/Avalonia" title="Avalonia">Avalonia</a> (which contained what is now most of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>), a motile subcontinent which had previously joined with Baltica. This impact threw up a massive chain of mountains (at least as tall as the present-day <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>) and saw the formation of the granitic <a href="/wiki/West_Highland" class="mw-redirect" title="West Highland">West Highland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grampian_Mountains" title="Grampian Mountains">Grampian</a> mountain chains and (through the <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a>) a period of volcanic activity in central and eastern Scotland. During the <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> periods, with the <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_Ocean" title="Iapetus Ocean">Iapetus Ocean</a> entirely closed, Scotland lay near the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Pangaea" title="Pangaea">Pangaean</a> supercontinent. At the start of the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a>, a constructive plate boundary (at which tectonic plates move apart) became active between Laurentia and Eurasia, pushing the two apart (and parting Scotland from Laurentia). This recession opened the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> for the first time, and the consequent <a href="/wiki/Subduction_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Subduction zone">subduction zone</a> at the western plate margin led to a renewed period of <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanism</a>, this time on Scotland's west coast, producing fresh mountains on <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Skye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jura,_Scotland" title="Jura, Scotland">Jura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Mull" title="Isle of Mull">Mull</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B9m" title="Rùm">Rùm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Arran" title="Isle of Arran">Arran</a>. </p><p>This tectonic activity produced the basis of Scotland's topography: ancient mountains in the North and South of the country, partially eroded by 400 million years of water and ice with a wide fertile valley between them, and a newer, wilder western terrain. With Scotland now in the northern temperate zone, it was subjected to numerous glaciations in the <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> periods, the ice sheets and their attendant glaciers carving the landscape into a typical postglacial one, <a href="/wiki/Overdeepening" title="Overdeepening">overdeepening</a> river valleys into the characteristic U-shape and leaving the upland areas covered with glacial <a href="/wiki/Corrie_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrie (geology)">corries</a> and dramatic pyramidal peaks. In lowland areas the ice deposited rich fields of fertile glacial till and eroded the softer material surrounding the extinct volcanoes (particularly the older Carboniferous ones), leaving many <a href="/wiki/Crag_and_tail" title="Crag and tail">crags</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Before_modern_humans">Before modern humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before modern humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the last <a href="/wiki/Interglacial" title="Interglacial">interglacial</a>, around 130,000–70,000 BC, there were times when the climate in Europe was warmer than it is today, and after the <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a> came to prominence<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> there was another mild spell around 40,000 BC. Neanderthal sites have been found in the south of England from this era, though no traces of early modern humans have been found. Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land mass of modern Scotland, may have destroyed traces of <a href="/wiki/Human_habitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Human habitation">human habitation</a> that existed before the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesolithic period">Mesolithic period</a>. </p><p>Glaciers then scoured their way across most of Britain, and it was only after the ice retreated about 15,000 years ago that Scotland again became habitable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hunter-gatherers">Hunter-gatherers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hunter-gatherers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_Prehistory_in_the_Kelvingrove_mesolithic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Human_Prehistory_in_the_Kelvingrove_mesolithic.JPG/220px-Human_Prehistory_in_the_Kelvingrove_mesolithic.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Human_Prehistory_in_the_Kelvingrove_mesolithic.JPG/330px-Human_Prehistory_in_the_Kelvingrove_mesolithic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Human_Prehistory_in_the_Kelvingrove_mesolithic.JPG/440px-Human_Prehistory_in_the_Kelvingrove_mesolithic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2905" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>The Mesolithic</figcaption></figure> <p>As the climate improved, <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">mesolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter-gatherers">hunter-gatherers</a> extended their range into Scotland. The earliest evidence to date is the <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a> artefacts found at Howburn Farm, near <a href="/wiki/Elsrickle" title="Elsrickle">Elsrickle</a> in 2005. This is the first and so far the only evidence of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> human habitation in Scotland, around 12,000 BC, which appears to fall between the <a href="/wiki/Younger_Dryas" title="Younger Dryas">Younger Dryas</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lomond_Stadial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lomond Stadial (page does not exist)">Lomond Stadial</a> periods when cold conditions returned relatively briefly.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early settlement at <a href="/wiki/Cramond" title="Cramond">Cramond</a>, near what is today <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, has been dated to around <a href="/wiki/9th_millennium_BC" title="9th millennium BC">8500 BC</a>. Pits and stakeholes suggest a hunter-gatherer encampment, and <a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">microlith</a> stone tools made at the site predate finds of similar style in England. Although no bones or shells had survived in the acidic soils, numerous carbonised hazelnut shells indicate cooking in a similar way to finds at other Mesolithic period sites, including the slightly earlier <a href="/wiki/Star_Carr" title="Star Carr">Star Carr</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Howick_house" title="Howick house">Howick house</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, dated to <a href="/wiki/8th_millennium_BC" title="8th millennium BC">7600 BC</a> ("Britain's oldest house"), where post holes indicate a very substantial construction, interpreted as a permanent residence for hunting people. This suggests that hunter-gatherers could also have settled down in Scotland. </p><p>Other sites on the east coast and at lochs and rivers, and large numbers of rock shelters and shell <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">middens</a> around the west coast and islands, build up a picture of highly mobile people, often using sites seasonally and having boats for fishing and for transporting stone tools from sites where suitable materials were found. Finds of flint tools on Ben Lawers and at Glen Dee (a mountain pass through the Cairngorms) show that these people were capable of travelling well inland across the hills. </p><p>At a rock shelter and shell midden at <a href="/wiki/Sand,_Applecross" title="Sand, Applecross">Sand, Applecross</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ross_and_Cromarty" title="Ross and Cromarty">Wester Ross</a> facing <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Skye</a>, excavations have shown that around 7500 BC people had tools of bone, stone and antlers, were living off shellfish, fish, and deer using "<a href="/wiki/Pot_boiler" title="Pot boiler">pot boiler</a>" stones as a cooking method, were making beads from seashells, and had ochre pigment and used shellfish which can produce purple dye. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Neolithic"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Farmers_and_monument_builders">Farmers and monument builders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Farmers and monument builders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_British_Isles" title="Neolithic British Isles">Neolithic British Isles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maes_Howe_1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Maes_Howe_1861.jpg/220px-Maes_Howe_1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Maes_Howe_1861.jpg/330px-Maes_Howe_1861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Maes_Howe_1861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maeshowe" title="Maeshowe">Maeshowe</a> Neolithic tomb, Orkney, built c. 2800 BC</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> farming brought permanent settlements. At <a href="/wiki/Balbridie" title="Balbridie">Balbridie</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a> crop markings were investigated, and ditches and post holes found, revealing a massive timber-framed building dating to about 3600 BC. An almost identical building, with evidence of pottery, was excavated at Claish near Stirling.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the islet of <a href="/wiki/Eilean_Domhnuill" class="mw-redirect" title="Eilean Domhnuill">Eilean Domhnuill</a>, in Loch Olabhat on <a href="/wiki/North_Uist" title="North Uist">North Uist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a> pottery suggests a date of 3200–2800 BC for what may be the earliest <a href="/wiki/Crannog" title="Crannog">crannog</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> habitation, burial, and ritual sites are particularly common and well preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Isles">Western Isles</a>, where a lack of trees led to most structures being built of local stone.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standing_Stones_of_Stenness_062015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Standing_Stones_of_Stenness_062015.jpg/220px-Standing_Stones_of_Stenness_062015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Standing_Stones_of_Stenness_062015.jpg/330px-Standing_Stones_of_Stenness_062015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Standing_Stones_of_Stenness_062015.jpg/440px-Standing_Stones_of_Stenness_062015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3215" data-file-height="1879" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_Stenness" class="mw-redirect" title="Stones of Stenness">Standing Stones of Stenness</a>, Orkney, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3100 BCE</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The remainder of this section focuses mainly on the <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney Islands</a>, where there is a Neolithic landscape rich in sites amazingly preserved by prevalent use of the local stone which appears on the shore ready-split into convenient building slabs. There are many other examples across the country, many under the care of <a href="/wiki/Historic_Scotland" title="Historic Scotland">Historic Scotland</a>. </p><p>At the stone house at <a href="/wiki/Knap_of_Howar" title="Knap of Howar">Knap of Howar</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Papa_Westray" title="Papa Westray">Papa Westray</a> (occupied from 3500 BC to 3100 BC) the walls stand to a low eaves height, and the stone furniture is intact. Evidence from <a href="/wiki/Middens" class="mw-redirect" title="Middens">middens</a> shows that the inhabitants kept cattle, sheep and pigs, farmed barley and wheat and gathered shellfish, as well as fishing for species which must be caught from boats using lines. Finely made and decorated <a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a> pottery links the inhabitants to <a href="/wiki/Chambered_cairn" title="Chambered cairn">chambered cairn</a> tombs nearby and to sites far afield, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balbrindi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balbrindi (page does not exist)">Balbrindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eilean_Domhnuill" class="mw-redirect" title="Eilean Domhnuill">Eilean Domhnuill</a>. </p><p>The houses at <a href="/wiki/Skara_Brae" title="Skara Brae">Skara Brae</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mainland,_Orkney" title="Mainland, Orkney">Mainland</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney Islands</a> are very similar, but are grouped into a village linked by low passageways. This settlement was occupied from about 3000 BC to 2500 BC. Pottery found here is of the <a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Grooved ware people">grooved ware</a> style which is found across Britain as far away as <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>. </p><p>About 6 miles (10 km) from Skara Brae, <a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">grooved ware</a> pottery was found at the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Stones_of_Stenness" title="Standing Stones of Stenness">Standing Stones of Stenness</a> (originally a circle) which lie centrally in a close group of three major monuments. <a href="/wiki/Maeshowe" title="Maeshowe">Maeshowe</a>, the finest example of the <a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">passage grave</a> type of <a href="/wiki/Chambered_cairn" title="Chambered cairn">chambered cairn</a> (radiocarbon dated to before 2700 BC) lies just to the east. The <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Brodgar" title="Ring of Brodgar">Ring of Brodgar</a> circle of standing stones is across a bridge immediately to the north. This circle was one of the first to be analysed by Professor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Thom" title="Alexander Thom">Alexander Thom</a> to establish the likely use of standing stones as astronomical observatories. Another <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> village has been found nearby at <a href="/wiki/Barnhouse_Settlement" title="Barnhouse Settlement">Barnhouse Settlement</a>, and the inference is that these farming people were the builders and users of these mysterious structures. </p><p>Like the standing stones at <a href="/wiki/Callanish" title="Callanish">Callanish</a> on <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis">Lewis</a> and other standing stones across Scotland, these monuments form part of the Europe-wide <a href="/wiki/Megalithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic">Megalithic</a> culture which also produced <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a> and the stone rows at <a href="/wiki/Carnac" title="Carnac">Carnac</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>. </p><p>Further evidence can be found in <a href="/wiki/Kilmartin_Glen" title="Kilmartin Glen">Kilmartin Glen</a> with its Stone Circles, Standing Stones and Rock Art. </p><p>The widespread connections of these people are shown by offerings imported from <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and left on the sacred hilltop at <a href="/wiki/Cairnpapple_Hill" title="Cairnpapple Hill">Cairnpapple Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Lothian" title="West Lothian">West Lothian</a>, as early as 3500 BC. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orkney_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ring of Brodgar, Orkney"><img alt="Ring of Brodgar, Orkney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Orkney_1.jpg/120px-Orkney_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Orkney_1.jpg/180px-Orkney_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Orkney_1.jpg/240px-Orkney_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Brodgar" title="Ring of Brodgar">Ring of Brodgar</a>, Orkney</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Scotland_(16778674802).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jade axehead, imported from the Italian Alps"><img alt="Jade axehead, imported from the Italian Alps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816778674802%29.jpg/80px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816778674802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816778674802%29.jpg/120px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816778674802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816778674802%29.jpg/160px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816778674802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jade axehead, imported from the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Alps">Italian Alps</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Westray_Wife_20110529.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The 'Westray Wife'"><img alt="The 'Westray Wife'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Westray_Wife_20110529.jpg/111px-Westray_Wife_20110529.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Westray_Wife_20110529.jpg/166px-Westray_Wife_20110529.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Westray_Wife_20110529.jpg/221px-Westray_Wife_20110529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="651" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The 'Westray Wife'</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairnbaan_Cup_And_Ring_Marks_01_-_eastern_rock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cup and ring marks"><img alt="Cup and ring marks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cairnbaan_Cup_And_Ring_Marks_01_-_eastern_rock.jpg/83px-Cairnbaan_Cup_And_Ring_Marks_01_-_eastern_rock.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cairnbaan_Cup_And_Ring_Marks_01_-_eastern_rock.jpg/125px-Cairnbaan_Cup_And_Ring_Marks_01_-_eastern_rock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cairnbaan_Cup_And_Ring_Marks_01_-_eastern_rock.jpg/167px-Cairnbaan_Cup_And_Ring_Marks_01_-_eastern_rock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cup and ring marks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Towriepetrosphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Towie carved stone ball"><img alt="The Towie carved stone ball" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Towriepetrosphere.jpg/120px-Towriepetrosphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Towriepetrosphere.jpg/180px-Towriepetrosphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Towriepetrosphere.jpg/240px-Towriepetrosphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Towie carved stone ball</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Carved stone balls"><img alt="Carved stone balls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_11.JPG/120px-Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_11.JPG/180px-Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_11.JPG/240px-Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3256" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carved stone balls</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_12.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone mace and axes"><img alt="Stone mace and axes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_12.JPG/120px-Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_12.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_12.JPG/180px-Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_12.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_12.JPG/240px-Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_MuseumDSCF0239_12.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2586" data-file-height="1459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stone mace and axes</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronze_Age">Bronze Age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bronze Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Britain" title="Bronze Age Britain">Bronze Age Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker culture</a></div> <p>The cairns and <a href="/wiki/Megalithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic">megalithic</a> monuments continued into the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, though there was a decline in both the building of large new structures and the total area under cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairns</a> and standing stones near <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a> show complex geometries and astronomical alignments, with smaller, perhaps individual, tombs instead of the communal Neolithic tombs.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummies</a> dating from 1600 to 1300 BC have been discovered at <a href="/wiki/Cladh_Hallan" title="Cladh Hallan">Cladh Hallan</a> on <a href="/wiki/South_Uist" title="South Uist">South Uist</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hill_forts" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill forts">Hill forts</a> were introduced, such as <a href="/wiki/Eildon_Hill" title="Eildon Hill">Eildon Hill</a> near Melrose in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a>, which goes back to around 1000 BC and which accommodated several hundred houses on a fortified hilltop. Excavation at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> found late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> material from about 850 BC. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1141px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotland_beaker_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="All-over corded beaker, Bell Beaker culture"><img alt="All-over corded beaker, Bell Beaker culture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Scotland_beaker_copy.jpg/110px-Scotland_beaker_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Scotland_beaker_copy.jpg/165px-Scotland_beaker_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Scotland_beaker_copy.jpg/220px-Scotland_beaker_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">All-over corded beaker, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker culture</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6289.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold lunula, Lanarkshire, 2300-2000 BC[8]"><img alt="Gold lunula, Lanarkshire, 2300-2000 BC[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6289.jpg/120px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6289.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6289.jpg/180px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6289.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6289.jpg/240px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6289.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gold_lunula" title="Gold lunula">Gold lunula</a>, Lanarkshire, 2300-2000 BC<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jet_necklace2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jet necklace, c. 2140-1900 BC[9]"><img alt="Jet necklace, c. 2140-1900 BC[9]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Jet_necklace2.png/120px-Jet_necklace2.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Jet_necklace2.png/180px-Jet_necklace2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Jet_necklace2.png/240px-Jet_necklace2.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="838" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)" title="Jet (gemstone)">Jet necklace</a>, c. 2140-1900 BC<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6306.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze swords, c. 1000 BC"><img alt="Bronze swords, c. 1000 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6306.jpg/87px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6306.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6306.jpg/130px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6306.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6306.jpg/173px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6306.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2234" data-file-height="3088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Bronze swords</a>, c. 1000 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Horses1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze Age horse harness"><img alt="Bronze Age horse harness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Horses1.png/120px-Horses1.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Horses1.png/180px-Horses1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Horses1.png/240px-Horses1.png 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze Age <a href="/wiki/Bridle" title="Bridle">horse harness</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6308.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze spearheads"><img alt="Bronze spearheads" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6308.jpg/90px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6308.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6308.jpg/135px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6308.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6308.jpg/180px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6308.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze spearheads</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Scotland_(16779774705).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze shield"><img alt="Bronze shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816779774705%29.jpg/120px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816779774705%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816779774705%29.jpg/180px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816779774705%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816779774705%29.jpg/240px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2816779774705%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze shield</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loch_Tay,_a_crannog_and_Ben_Lawers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2566330.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstructed Crannog at Loch Tay"><img alt="Reconstructed Crannog at Loch Tay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Loch_Tay%2C_a_crannog_and_Ben_Lawers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2566330.jpg/120px-Loch_Tay%2C_a_crannog_and_Ben_Lawers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2566330.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Loch_Tay%2C_a_crannog_and_Ben_Lawers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2566330.jpg/180px-Loch_Tay%2C_a_crannog_and_Ben_Lawers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2566330.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Loch_Tay%2C_a_crannog_and_Ben_Lawers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2566330.jpg/240px-Loch_Tay%2C_a_crannog_and_Ben_Lawers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2566330.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Crannog" title="Crannog">Crannog</a> at <a href="/wiki/Loch_Tay" title="Loch Tay">Loch Tay</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eildon_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_55018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eildon Hill"><img alt="Eildon Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Eildon_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_55018.jpg/120px-Eildon_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_55018.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Eildon_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_55018.jpg/180px-Eildon_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_55018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Eildon_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_55018.jpg/240px-Eildon_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_55018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eildon_Hill" title="Eildon Hill">Eildon Hill</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kite_Aerial_Photo_of_Cairnpapple_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cairnpapple Hill burial and ritual site"><img alt="Cairnpapple Hill burial and ritual site" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kite_Aerial_Photo_of_Cairnpapple_Hill.jpg/120px-Kite_Aerial_Photo_of_Cairnpapple_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kite_Aerial_Photo_of_Cairnpapple_Hill.jpg/180px-Kite_Aerial_Photo_of_Cairnpapple_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kite_Aerial_Photo_of_Cairnpapple_Hill.jpg/240px-Kite_Aerial_Photo_of_Cairnpapple_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cairnpapple_Hill" title="Cairnpapple Hill">Cairnpapple Hill</a> burial and ritual site</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scottish_-_Ribbon_Armlet_and_Neck_Torque_-_Walters_571847,_571848.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold armlet and neck torc, c. 1000 BC"><img alt="Gold armlet and neck torc, c. 1000 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Scottish_-_Ribbon_Armlet_and_Neck_Torque_-_Walters_571847%2C_571848.jpg/107px-Scottish_-_Ribbon_Armlet_and_Neck_Torque_-_Walters_571847%2C_571848.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Scottish_-_Ribbon_Armlet_and_Neck_Torque_-_Walters_571847%2C_571848.jpg/161px-Scottish_-_Ribbon_Armlet_and_Neck_Torque_-_Walters_571847%2C_571848.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Scottish_-_Ribbon_Armlet_and_Neck_Torque_-_Walters_571847%2C_571848.jpg/214px-Scottish_-_Ribbon_Armlet_and_Neck_Torque_-_Walters_571847%2C_571848.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1607" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold armlet and neck torc, c. 1000 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_collection_of_items_from_the_Adabrock_hoard,_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adabrock Hoard, Isle of Lewis, c. 1000 BC"><img alt="Adabrock Hoard, Isle of Lewis, c. 1000 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/A_collection_of_items_from_the_Adabrock_hoard%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg/92px-A_collection_of_items_from_the_Adabrock_hoard%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/A_collection_of_items_from_the_Adabrock_hoard%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg/138px-A_collection_of_items_from_the_Adabrock_hoard%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/A_collection_of_items_from_the_Adabrock_hoard%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg/184px-A_collection_of_items_from_the_Adabrock_hoard%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Adabrock_Hoard" title="Adabrock Hoard">Adabrock Hoard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis">Isle of Lewis</a>, c. 1000 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_Age_razor_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze razor, c. 900 BC"><img alt="Bronze razor, c. 900 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bronze_Age_razor_2.png/92px-Bronze_Age_razor_2.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bronze_Age_razor_2.png/138px-Bronze_Age_razor_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bronze_Age_razor_2.png/184px-Bronze_Age_razor_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1843" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze razor, c. 900 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wooden_wheel,_found_in_Blair-Drummond_Moss.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wooden wheel remains, Blair Drummond, 1260-810 BC"><img alt="Wooden wheel remains, Blair Drummond, 1260-810 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wooden_wheel%2C_found_in_Blair-Drummond_Moss.jpg/120px-Wooden_wheel%2C_found_in_Blair-Drummond_Moss.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wooden_wheel%2C_found_in_Blair-Drummond_Moss.jpg/180px-Wooden_wheel%2C_found_in_Blair-Drummond_Moss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wooden_wheel%2C_found_in_Blair-Drummond_Moss.jpg/240px-Wooden_wheel%2C_found_in_Blair-Drummond_Moss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wooden wheel remains, <a href="/wiki/Blair_Drummond" title="Blair Drummond">Blair Drummond</a>, 1260-810 BC</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iron_Age">Iron Age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Iron Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Iron_Age" title="Scotland in the Iron Age">Scotland in the Iron Age</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traprain_Law,_East_Lothian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Traprain_Law%2C_East_Lothian.jpg/220px-Traprain_Law%2C_East_Lothian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Traprain_Law%2C_East_Lothian.jpg/330px-Traprain_Law%2C_East_Lothian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Traprain_Law%2C_East_Lothian.jpg/440px-Traprain_Law%2C_East_Lothian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3948" data-file-height="2241" /></a><figcaption>Traprain Law, East Lothian</figcaption></figure> <p>From around 700 BC and extending into <a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Roman</a> times, the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> was an age of forts and defended farmsteads, which support the image of quarrelsome tribes and petty kingdoms recorded by the Romans. Evidence that at times occupants neglected the defences might suggest that symbolic power was as significant as warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broch_of_Mousa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2079773.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Broch_of_Mousa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2079773.jpg/220px-Broch_of_Mousa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2079773.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Broch_of_Mousa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2079773.jpg/330px-Broch_of_Mousa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2079773.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Broch_of_Mousa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2079773.jpg/440px-Broch_of_Mousa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2079773.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Mousa" title="Broch of Mousa">Broch of Mousa</a>, c. 300 BC<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Britons_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (historical)">Brythonic</a> (or "<a href="/wiki/Pritennic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritennic">Pritennic</a>") <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> culture and language spread into southern Scotland at some time after the 8th century BC, possibly through cultural contact rather than mass invasion, and systems of kingdoms developed. </p><p>Larger fortified settlements expanded, such as the <a href="/wiki/Votadini" title="Votadini">Votadini</a> stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Traprain_Law" title="Traprain Law">Traprain Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Lothian" title="East Lothian">East Lothian</a>, which was the size of a town. Huge numbers of small <a href="/wiki/Dun_(fortification)" title="Dun (fortification)">duns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">hill forts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ringfort" title="Ringfort">ring forts</a> were built on any suitable <a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">crag</a> or hillock. The spectacular <a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">brochs</a> were built, most impressively the nearly complete <a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Mousa" title="Broch of Mousa">Mousa Broch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland Islands">Shetland</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Souterrain" title="Souterrain">Souterrain</a> underground passageways were constructed, though their purpose is obscure. Island settlements linked with land by a causeway, the <a href="/wiki/Crannog" title="Crannog">crannogs</a>, became common; it is thought that their function was defensive. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calgacus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration of Caledonian king Calgacus"><img alt="Illustration of Caledonian king Calgacus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Calgacus.JPG/117px-Calgacus.JPG" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Calgacus.JPG/176px-Calgacus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Calgacus.JPG/234px-Calgacus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="1670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration of <a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Calgacus" title="Calgacus">Calgacus</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_horse_helmet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1341264.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horse helmet, 300-200 BC.[12]"><img alt="Horse helmet, 300-200 BC.[12]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Celtic_horse_helmet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1341264.jpg/94px-Celtic_horse_helmet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1341264.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Celtic_horse_helmet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1341264.jpg/141px-Celtic_horse_helmet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1341264.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Celtic_horse_helmet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1341264.jpg/189px-Celtic_horse_helmet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1341264.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Torrs_Pony-cap_and_Horns" title="Torrs Pony-cap and Horns">Horse helmet</a>, 300-200 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stirling_HoardDSCF6398.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold torcs, Stirling hoard, 300-100 BC"><img alt="Gold torcs, Stirling hoard, 300-100 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stirling_HoardDSCF6398.jpg/83px-Stirling_HoardDSCF6398.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stirling_HoardDSCF6398.jpg/124px-Stirling_HoardDSCF6398.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stirling_HoardDSCF6398.jpg/165px-Stirling_HoardDSCF6398.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2017" data-file-height="2924" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold torcs, <a href="/wiki/Stirling_torcs" title="Stirling torcs">Stirling hoard</a>, 300-100 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stirling_HoardDSCF6396.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stirling hoard gold torc, 300-100 BC"><img alt="Stirling hoard gold torc, 300-100 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Stirling_HoardDSCF6396.jpg/120px-Stirling_HoardDSCF6396.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Stirling_HoardDSCF6396.jpg/180px-Stirling_HoardDSCF6396.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Stirling_HoardDSCF6396.jpg/240px-Stirling_HoardDSCF6396.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2157" data-file-height="1618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stirling hoard gold torc, 300-100 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PageMuseum_of_Scotland_scabbard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scabbard, c. 1st century AD"><img alt="Scabbard, c. 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PageMuseum_of_Scotland_scabbard.jpg/120px-PageMuseum_of_Scotland_scabbard.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PageMuseum_of_Scotland_scabbard.jpg/180px-PageMuseum_of_Scotland_scabbard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PageMuseum_of_Scotland_scabbard.jpg/240px-PageMuseum_of_Scotland_scabbard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scabbard, c. 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deskford carnyx & reconstruction.[13]"><img alt="Deskford carnyx & reconstruction.[13]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/74px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/112px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/149px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="2767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Deskford carnyx</a> & reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CeltCarnyx2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carnyx reconstruction"><img alt="Carnyx reconstruction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/CeltCarnyx2.jpg/90px-CeltCarnyx2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/CeltCarnyx2.jpg/135px-CeltCarnyx2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/CeltCarnyx2.jpg/180px-CeltCarnyx2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carnyx reconstruction</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harness1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Horse harness, Middlebie Hoard, 1st-2nd century AD.[14]"><img alt="Horse harness, Middlebie Hoard, 1st-2nd century AD.[14]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Harness1.png/120px-Harness1.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Harness1.png/180px-Harness1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Harness1.png/240px-Harness1.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1742" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Horse harness, Middlebie Hoard, 1st-2nd century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6346.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze bracelets, c. 100 AD"><img alt="Bronze bracelets, c. 100 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6346.jpg/120px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6346.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6346.jpg/180px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6346.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6346.jpg/240px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6346.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3976" data-file-height="2513" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze bracelets, c. 100 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nachgebauter_keltischer_Streitwagen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstruction of an Iron Age chariot.[15]"><img alt="Reconstruction of an Iron Age chariot.[15]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nachgebauter_keltischer_Streitwagen.png/120px-Nachgebauter_keltischer_Streitwagen.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nachgebauter_keltischer_Streitwagen.png/180px-Nachgebauter_keltischer_Streitwagen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nachgebauter_keltischer_Streitwagen.png/240px-Nachgebauter_keltischer_Streitwagen.png 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstruction of an <a href="/wiki/Newbridge_chariot" title="Newbridge chariot">Iron Age chariot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistoric_Scotland" title="Timeline of prehistoric Scotland">Timeline of prehistoric Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Orkney" title="Prehistoric Orkney">Prehistoric Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Prehistoric Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_structures_in_Great_Britain" title="List of prehistoric structures in Great Britain">List of prehistoric structures in Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early history of Ireland">Early history of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isles" title="Genetic history of the British Isles">Genetic history of the British Isles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haworth, Jenny (10 April 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/scotland/Scotland39s-most-ancient-home-found.5161087.jp">"Scotland's most ancient home found – at 14,000 years old"</a> <i>The Scotsman</i>. Edinburgh. Retrieved 24 June 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biggararchaeology.org.uk/news03_109_howburn.shtml">"Earliest site in Scotland discovered"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010201621/http://www.biggararchaeology.org.uk/news03_109_howburn.shtml">Archived</a> 2010-10-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. biggararchaeology.org.uk. Retrieved 13 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishgeology.com/outandabout/classic_sites/locations/loch_lomond.html">"South end of Loch Lomond (Geomorphology)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060616043408/http://www.scottishgeology.com/outandabout/classic_sites/locations/loch_lomond.html">Archived</a> 2006-06-16 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. Scottish Geology. Retrieved 13 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarclayBrophyMacGregor2002" class="citation journal cs1">Barclay, Gordon; Brophy, Kenneth; MacGregor, Gavin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131011233242/http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/076/Ant0760023.htm">"A Neolithic building at Claish Farm, near Callander, Stirling Council, Scotland, UK"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>76</b> (291). Antiquity Publications: 23–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00089675">10.1017/S0003598X00089675</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163495241">163495241</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/076/Ant0760023.htm">the original</a> on 11 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=A+Neolithic+building+at+Claish+Farm%2C+near+Callander%2C+Stirling+Council%2C+Scotland%2C+UK&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=291&rft.pages=23-24&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00089675&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163495241%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Barclay&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Brophy%2C+Kenneth&rft.au=MacGregor%2C+Gavin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantiquity.ac.uk%2Fant%2F076%2FAnt0760023.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPryor2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pryor" title="Francis Pryor">Pryor, Francis</a> (2003). <i>Britain BC</i>. London: HarperPerennial. pp. 98–104 & 246–250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-712693-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-712693-4"><bdi>978-0-00-712693-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+BC&rft.place=London&rft.pages=98-104+%26+246-250&rft.pub=HarperPerennial&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-00-712693-4&rft.aulast=Pryor&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moffat, Alistair (2005) <i>Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History</i>. London. Thames & Hudson. Page 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kruse, S. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarf.scot/regional/higharf/highland-archaeological-research-framework-case-studies/clava-cairns/">Case Study: Clava Type Cairns</a>. Scottish Archaeological Research Framework (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarf.scot/">ScARF</a>), accessed April 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/collection-search-results/lunula/133051">"Gold lunula"</a>. <i>National Museums Scotland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museums+Scotland&rft.atitle=Gold+lunula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nms.ac.uk%2Fexplore-our-collections%2Fcollection-search-results%2Flunula%2F133051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.butemuseum.org.uk/project/spacer-plate-necklace/">"Spacer-Plate Necklace"</a>. <i>Bute Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bute+Museum&rft.atitle=Spacer-Plate+Necklace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.butemuseum.org.uk%2Fproject%2Fspacer-plate-necklace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kruse, S. et al 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarf.scot/regional/higharf/iron-age/">Iron Age</a>. Scottish Archaeological Research Framework (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarf.scot/">ScARF</a>), accessed April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/mousa-broch/">"Mousa Broch"</a>. <i>Historic Environment Scotland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+Environment+Scotland&rft.atitle=Mousa+Broch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicenvironment.scot%2Fvisit-a-place%2Fplaces%2Fmousa-broch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/torrs-pony-cap/">"The Torrs pony cap"</a>. <i>National Museums Scotland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museums+Scotland&rft.atitle=The+Torrs+pony+cap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nms.ac.uk%2Fexplore-our-collections%2Fstories%2Fscottish-history-and-archaeology%2Ftorrs-pony-cap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/deskford-carnyx/">"Deskford carnyx"</a>. <i>National Museums Scotland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museums+Scotland&rft.atitle=Deskford+carnyx&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nms.ac.uk%2Fexplore-our-collections%2Fstories%2Fscottish-history-and-archaeology%2Fdeskford-carnyx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nms.scran.ac.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-100-036-143-C">"Middlebie Hoard"</a>. <i>National Museums Scotland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museums+Scotland&rft.atitle=Middlebie+Hoard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnms.scran.ac.uk%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fusi%3D000-100-036-143-C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/newbridge-chariot-reconstruction/">"Newbridge Chariot reconstruction"</a>. <i>National Museums Scotland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museums+Scotland&rft.atitle=Newbridge+Chariot+reconstruction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nms.ac.uk%2Fexplore-our-collections%2Fstories%2Fscottish-history-and-archaeology%2Fnewbridge-chariot-reconstruction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrehistoric+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Scotland Since Prehistory: Natural Change and Human Impact</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Smout" title="Christopher Smout">Christopher Smout</a>, 1993, Scottish Cultural Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-898218-03-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-898218-03-X">1-898218-03-X</a></li> <li><i>Mesolithic Scotland and Its Neighbours</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Saville" title="Alan Saville">Alan Saville</a>, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_Scotland" title="Society of Antiquaries of Scotland">Society of Antiquaries of Scotland</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903903-28-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-903903-28-8">0-903903-28-8</a></li> <li><i>Scotland: From Prehistory to the Present</i>, by Fiona Watson, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2591-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2591-9">0-7524-2591-9</a></li> <li><i>The Early Prehistory of Scotland</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Pollard_(archaeologist)" title="Tony Pollard (archaeologist)">Tony Pollard</a> and Alex Morrison, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-585-10420-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-585-10420-4">0-585-10420-4</a></li> <li><i>The Later Prehistory of the Western Isles of Scotland</i>, by Ian Armit, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86054-731-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86054-731-0">0-86054-731-0</a></li> <li><i>Prehistoric Scotland</i>, by Ann MacSween and Mick Sharp, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-6173-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-6173-X">0-7134-6173-X</a></li> <li><i>Guide to Prehistoric Scotland</i>, by Richard Feachem, 1977, Simon & Schuster</li> <li><i>Prehistoric Scotland</i>, by Richard Feachem and Urho Kekkonen, 1963</li> <li><i>A Guide to Prehistoric Scotland</i>, by Richard Feachem, 1963, Batsford</li> <li><i>Prehistoric Scotland</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Vere_Gordon_Childe" class="mw-redirect" title="Vere Gordon Childe">Vere Gordon Childe</a>, 1940, G Bell and Sons</li> <li><i>The Prehistory of Scotland</i>, by Vere Gordon Childe, 1935, K Paul, Trench, Trubner & co</li> <li><i>Prehistoric Scotland and Its Place in European Civilization</i>, by Robert Munro, 1899, W Blackwood and sons</li> <li>Scottish Archaeological Research Framework (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarf.scot/">ScARF</a>)</li> <li>Toghill, Peter, <i>The Geology of Britain, an introduction</i>, Airlife (2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84037-404-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84037-404-7">1-84037-404-7</a></li> <li><i>The Other Orkney Book</i>, Gordon Thomson, Northabout Publishing 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907200-00-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-907200-00-1">0-907200-00-1</a></li> <li><i>Scotland Before History</i>, Stuart Piggott, Edinburgh University Press 1982, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-1400-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-1400-3">0-7524-1400-3</a></li> <li><i>Scotland's Hidden History</i>, Ian Armit, Tempus (in association with Historic Scotland) 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85224-348-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85224-348-0">0-85224-348-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media 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of Antiquaries of Scotland</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_Scotland" title="Template:Prehistoric Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_Scotland" title="Template talk:Prehistoric Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prehistoric Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides#Prehistory" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmartin_Glen" title="Kilmartin Glen">Kilmartin Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides#Prehistory" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Orkney" title="Prehistoric Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Prehistoric Shetland">Shetland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Scotland_in_the_prehistoric_era" title="Architecture of Scotland in the prehistoric era">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_roundhouse" title="Atlantic roundhouse">Atlantic roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambered_cairn" title="Chambered cairn">Chambered cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crannog" title="Crannog">Crannog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillforts_in_Scotland" title="Hillforts in Scotland">Hillforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Scotland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Architecture of Scotland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelhouse_(archaeology)" title="Wheelhouse (archaeology)">Wheelhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artefacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art_in_the_Prehistoric_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish art in the Prehistoric era">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_prehistoric_Scotland" title="Agriculture in prehistoric Scotland">Agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caereni" title="Caereni">Caereni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnonacae" title="Carnonacae">Carnonacae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cat" title="Kingdom of Cat">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornovii_(Caithness)" title="Cornovii (Caithness)">Cornovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creones" title="Creones">Creones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damnonii" title="Damnonii">Damnonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decantae" title="Decantae">Decantae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugi" title="Lugi">Lugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeatae" title="Maeatae">Maeatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novantae" title="Novantae">Novantae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selgovae" title="Selgovae">Selgovae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoti" title="Scoti">Scoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smertae" title="Smertae">Smertae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taexali" title="Taexali">Taexali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacomagi" title="Vacomagi">Vacomagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venicones" title="Venicones">Venicones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Graupius" title="Battle of Mons Graupius">Battle of Mons Graupius</a> (83 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Burnswark" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Burnswark">Siege of Burnswark</a> (140)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Conspiracy" title="Great Conspiracy">Great Conspiracy</a> (367–368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistoric_Scotland" title="Timeline of prehistoric Scotland">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Iron_Age" title="Scotland in the Iron Age">Scotland in the Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Roman Interlude</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archaeology_of_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaeology_of_Scotland" title="Template:Archaeology of Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeology_of_Scotland" title="Template talk:Archaeology of Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeology_of_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeology of Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archaeology_of_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Scotland">Archaeology of Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History of Scotland</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prehistoric Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Archaeological museums in Scotland">Archaeological museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Scotland" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Scotland">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_field" title="Celtic field">Celtic field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze_Age_sites_in_Scotland" title="Category:Bronze Age sites in Scotland">Bronze Age sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iron_Age_sites_in_Scotland" title="Category:Iron Age sites in Scotland">Iron Age sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Industrial_archaeological_sites_in_Scotland" title="Category:Industrial archaeological sites in Scotland">Industrial sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Scotland" title="List of castles in Scotland">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hillforts_in_Scotland" title="List of hillforts in Scotland">Hillforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_wrecks_of_Scotland" title="Category:Protected wrecks of Scotland">Protected wrecks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treasure_troves_in_Scotland" title="Category:Treasure troves in Scotland">Treasure troves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Environment_Scotland" title="Historic Environment Scotland">Historic Environment Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Ancient_and_Historical_Monuments_of_Scotland" title="Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland">Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Monuments_Record_of_Scotland" title="National Monuments Record of Scotland">National Monuments Record of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">World Heritage Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Neolithic_Orkney" title="Heart of Neolithic Orkney">Heart of Neolithic Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_and_New_Towns_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Old and New Towns of Edinburgh">Old and New Towns of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></i> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_Scotland" title="Category:Archaeology of Scotland">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_Scotland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Archaeology of Scotland">Commons</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_Europe" title="Template:Prehistoric Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_Europe" title="Template talk:Prehistoric Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Europe" title="Prehistoric Europe">Prehistoric Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Albania" title="Prehistoric Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Armenia" title="Prehistoric Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria#Prehistory_and_early_history" title="History of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Prehistory" title="History of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Early history of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_before_the_Croats" title="History of Croatia before the Croats">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Cyprus" title="Prehistoric Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_France" title="Prehistory of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany#Prehistory" title="History of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece#Prehistoric_Greece" title="History of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary_before_the_Hungarian_Conquest#Prehistory" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_and_protohistory_of_Poland" title="Prehistory and protohistory of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania#Prehistory" title="History of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia#Prehistory" title="History of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovakia_before_the_Slovaks" title="History of Slovakia before the Slovaks">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia#Early_history" title="History of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Sweden" title="Prehistoric Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland#Prehistory" title="Early history of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine#Prehistory" title="History of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Northern_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Northern Ireland (page does not exist)">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Wales" title="Prehistoric Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Cyprus" title="Prehistoric Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scotland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scotland_topics" title="Template:Scotland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scotland_topics" title="Template talk:Scotland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scotland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Scotland" title="Outline of Scotland">Outline of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Roman times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidian_Revolution" title="Davidian Revolution">Davidian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Wars of Scottish Independence">Wars of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_Scotland" title="Renaissance in Scotland">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Scotland in the early modern period">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Colonisation of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Glorious Revolution in Scotland">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">1707 Acts of Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Industrial Revolution in Scotland">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era" title="Scotland in the modern era">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_border" title="Anglo-Scottish border">Anglo-Scottish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Belt" title="Central Belt">Central Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Scotland" title="Climate of Scotland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Scotland" title="Conservation in Scotland">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Scotland" title="Fauna of Scotland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Scotland" title="Flora of Scotland">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Scotland" title="Geology of Scotland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lochs_of_Scotland" title="List of lochs of Scotland">Lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_hills_of_Scotland" title="Mountains and hills of Scotland">Mountains and hills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_in_Scotland" title="List of highest mountains in Scotland">Highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Scotland" title="Protected areas of Scotland">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Scotland" title="List of waterfalls in Scotland">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Scotland" title="List of valleys of Scotland">Glens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Scotland" title="List of ecoregions in Scotland">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_in_Scotland" title="List of biosphere reserves in Scotland">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Scotland" title="Environment of Scotland">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Scotland" title="Municipalities of Scotland">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Munro_mountains" title="List of Munro mountains">Munro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Scotland">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_governments" title="List of Scottish governments">List of governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Scotland" title="International relations of Scotland">International relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Scotland" title="Elections in Scotland">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Scotland" title="Electoral system of Scotland">Electoral system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Great_Seal_of_Scotland" title="Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland">Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="Deputy First Minister of Scotland">Deputy First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Scotland" title="Great Seal of Scotland">Great Seal of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Scotland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Scotland">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Scotland" title="Cities of Scotland">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Scotland" title="Armed forces in Scotland">Armed forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Scotland" title="Military history of Scotland">Military history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland" title="Lists of MPs for constituencies in Scotland">Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Member of the Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Scotland" title="List of political parties in Scotland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_republicanism" title="Scottish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Office" title="Scotland Office">Scotland Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Scotland" title="Unionism in Scotland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_for_Scotland" title="Advocate General for Scotland">Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Scotland" title="Courts of Scotland">Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_in_Scotland" title="List of courts in Scotland">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Courts_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Courts of Scotland">Supreme Courts of Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Court of Session</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justiciary" title="High Court of Justiciary">High Court of Justiciary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Accountant_of_Court" title="Office of the Accountant of Court">Office of the Accountant of Court</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Office_and_Procurator_Fiscal_Service" title="Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service">Crown Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Advocate" title="Lord Advocate">Lord Advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Court_of_Session" title="Lord President of the Court of Session">Lord President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_fiscal" title="Procurator fiscal">Procurator fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_for_Scotland" title="Solicitor General for Scotland">Solicitor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_principal" title="Sheriff principal">Sheriff principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Justice" title="College of Justice">College of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_property_law" title="Scots property law">Scots property law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_population_of_Scotland" title="Prison population of Scotland">Prison population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Police Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Scotland" title="Bank of Scotland">Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charities_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Charities in Scotland">Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Scotland" title="List of companies of Scotland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Scotland" title="Forestry in Scotland">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris Tweed">Harris Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Scotland" title="Housing in Scotland">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry_in_Scotland" title="Oil industry in Scotland">Oil industry</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Scotland" title="List of power stations in Scotland">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Glen" title="Silicon Glen">Silicon Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Scotland" title="Unemployment in Scotland">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Scotland" title="International relations of Scotland">International trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Scotland" title="Category:Society of Scotland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Scotland" title="Architecture of Scotland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art" title="Scottish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Curriculum_for_Excellence" title="Curriculum for Excellence">Curriculum for Excellence</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_schools_in_Scotland" title="Lists of schools in Scotland">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_further_education_colleges_in_Scotland" title="List of further education colleges in Scotland">Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_Scotland" title="Universities in Scotland">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Qualifications_Authority" title="Scottish Qualifications Authority">Scottish Qualifications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Scotland" title="Education Scotland">Education Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogmanay" title="Hogmanay">Hogmanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Scotland" title="List of museums in Scotland">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_Scotland" title="List of oldest buildings in Scotland">Oldest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Scotland" title="Theatre of Scotland">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_philosophy" title="Scottish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_toponymy" title="Scottish toponymy">Placenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Scotland" title="Prostitution in Scotland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Royal National Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Scotland" title="Sport in Scotland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_surnames" title="Scottish surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Scotland" title="National anthem of Scotland">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal coat of arms of Scotland">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_flags" title="List of Scottish flags">flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" title="Flag of Scotland">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">tartan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regimental_tartan" title="Regimental tartan">regimental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn#Scotland" title="Unicorn">unicorn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Scotland" title="Festivals in Scotland">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_in_Scotland" title="Comedy in Scotland">Comedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland" title="Demographics of Scotland">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highland English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">People</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Scots" title="List of Scots">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_actors" title="List of Scottish actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_artists" title="List of Scottish artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish inventions and discoveries">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_musicians" title="List of Scottish musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_scientists" title="List of Scottish scientists">Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_writers" title="List of Scottish writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Scotland" title="Baháʼí Faith in Scotland">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_Scotland" title="Category:Christianity in Scotland">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="List of moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Scotland" title="Ethnic minorities in Scotland">Ethnic minorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Scotland" title="Outline of Scotland">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scotland" title="Category:Scotland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_British_Isles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_British_Isles" title="Template:History of the British Isles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_British_Isles" title="Template talk:History of the British Isles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_British_Isles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the British Isles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_British_Isles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles" title="History of the British Isles">History of the British Isles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles" title="History of the British Isles">Overview</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Wight" title="History of the Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly#History" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shetland" title="History of Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Orkney" title="History of Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides#History" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Outer_Hebrides" title="History of the Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglesey#History" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (Mann)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands#History" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guernsey" title="History of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stonehenge_Closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Stonehenge_Closeup.jpg/75px-Stonehenge_Closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Stonehenge_Closeup.jpg/113px-Stonehenge_Closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Stonehenge_Closeup.jpg/150px-Stonehenge_Closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles#Prehistoric" title="History of the British Isles">Prehistoric period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Prehistoric Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England#Prehistory" title="History of England">Prehistoric England</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prehistoric Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Prehistoric Shetland">Prehistoric Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Orkney" title="Prehistoric Orkney">Prehistoric Orkney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Wales" title="Prehistoric Wales">Prehistoric Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Prehistoric Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man#Prehistory" title="History of the Isle of Man">Prehistoric Mann</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles#Classical_period" title="History of the British Isles">Classical period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Roman Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Roman_era" title="Wales in the Roman era">Roman Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory_of_Ireland" title="Protohistory of Ireland">Protohistoric Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Roman_relations" title="Hiberno-Roman relations">Roman Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_Roman_rule_in_Britain" title="End of Roman rule in Britain">End of Roman rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles#Medieval_period" title="History of the British Isles">Medieval period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="England in the Middle Ages">Medieval England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Early medieval England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="England in the High Middle Ages">High medieval England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="England in the Late Middle Ages">Late medieval England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Middle Ages">Medieval Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Early Middle Ages">Early medieval Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the High Middle Ages">High medieval Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Late Middle Ages">Late medieval Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Middle Ages">Medieval Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Early Middle Ages">Early medieval Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the High Middle Ages">High medieval Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Late Middle Ages">Late medieval Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Ireland in the Middle Ages">Medieval Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(400%E2%80%93800)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (400–800)">Early medieval Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">High medieval Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)" title="History of Ireland (1169–1536)">Late medieval Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man#Middle_Ages" title="History of the Isle of Man">Medieval Mann</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles#Early_Modern_period" title="History of the British Isles">Early modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Britain" title="Early modern Britain">Early modern Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Early modern England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Scotland in the early modern period">Early modern Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period_in_Wales" title="Early modern period in Wales">Early modern Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">Early modern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man#Early_Modern_period" title="History of the Isle of Man">Early modern Mann</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles#19th_century" title="History of the British Isles">Late modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (since 1707) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Britain" title="Interwar Britain">Interwar period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom#Second_World_War_1939–1945" title="History of the United Kingdom">Second World War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the World Wars">World Wars (Wales)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1945%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1945–present)">Post-war period (political history)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1945%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1945–present)">Post-war period (social history)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Late modern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man#Modern_period" title="History of the Isle of Man">Late modern Mann</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_monarchs_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of monarchs in the British Isles">Monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&oldid=1251345679">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_Scotland&oldid=1251345679</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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