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aria-controls="toc-Nature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Birds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Marine life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Land mammals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reptiles_and_amphibians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reptiles_and_amphibians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Reptiles and amphibians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reptiles_and_amphibians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Insects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Current representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parishes_and_districts_of_Lewis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parishes_and_districts_of_Lewis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Parishes and districts of Lewis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parishes_and_districts_of_Lewis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Peats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Culture and sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Media and the arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myths_and_legends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myths_and_legends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Myths and legends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myths_and_legends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Gastronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isle of Lewis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%C4%ABeg" title="Lewisīeg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lewisīeg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="جزيرة لويس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة لويس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B2dhas" title="Leòdhas – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Leòdhas" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Lewis" title="Illa de Lewis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa de Lewis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Isle of Lewis" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(poloostrov)" title="Lewis (poloostrov) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lewis (poloostrov)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B2dhas" title="Leòdhas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Leòdhas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isle of Lewis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(Lewis_and_Harris)" title="Lewis (Lewis and Harris) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lewis (Lewis and Harris)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_Lewis" title="Isla de Lewis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla de Lewis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis" title="Lewis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lewis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis" title="Lewis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lewis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Lewis" title="Île de Lewis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île de Lewis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B2dhas" title="Leòdhas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leòdhas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B2dhas" title="Leòdhas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leòdhas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Lewis" title="Illa de Lewis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa de Lewis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%84%AC" title="루이스섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루이스섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Լյուիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյուիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Lewis" title="Pulau Lewis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Lewis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85)" title="Льюис (сакъадах) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Льюис (сакъадах)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3%C3%B0h%C3%BAs" title="Ljóðhús – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ljóðhús" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiso_sala" title="Luiso sala – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Luiso sala" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(Sk%C3%B3cia)" title="Lewis (Skócia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lewis (Skócia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(eiland)" title="Lewis (eiland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lewis (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E5%B3%B6" title="ルイス島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイス島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(Hebridene)" title="Lewis (Hebridene) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lewis (Hebridene)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis" title="Lewis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lewis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(Szkocja)" title="Lewis (Szkocja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lewis (Szkocja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_de_Lewis" title="Ilha de Lewis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha de Lewis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Остров Льюис (регион) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Остров Льюис (регион)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis" title="Lewis – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lewis" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis" title="Lewis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lewis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isle of Lewis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis,_Skottland" title="Lewis, Skottland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Isle_of_Lewis&params=58.2_N_6.6_W_dim:80000&title=Lewis_region:GB_type:city(18500)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">6°36′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.2°N 6.6°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.2; -6.6</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Lewis</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of Lewis and Harris island, Scotland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the northern part of an island in Scotland. For the ship, see <a href="/wiki/MV_Isle_of_Lewis" title="MV Isle of Lewis">MV Isle of Lewis</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lewis Island (disambiguation)">Lewis Island (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in Scotland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Isle of Lewis<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist ib-uk-place-other-names"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Eilean Leòdhais</i></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outerhebrideslewis2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Outerhebrideslewis2.png/240px-Outerhebrideslewis2.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Outerhebrideslewis2.png/360px-Outerhebrideslewis2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Outerhebrideslewis2.png/480px-Outerhebrideslewis2.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1562" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">683 sq mi (1,770 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">18,500 </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27/sq mi (10/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Leòdhasach, Lewisian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a><br />English</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=58.175657~-6.594098&lvl=10&sp=Point.58.175657_-6.594098_Isle+of+Lewis&sty=s&style=s">NB3030</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">276 miles (444 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Council area</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Na h-Eileanan Siar</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenancy_areas_of_Scotland" title="Lieutenancy areas of Scotland">Lieutenancy area</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Western Isles</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">STORNOWAY <br />ISLE OF LEWIS</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HS_postcode_area" title="HS postcode area">HS1, HS2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01851</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Scottish Fire and Rescue Service">Scottish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Ambulance_Service" title="Scottish Ambulance Service">Scottish</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Na_h-Eileanan_an_Iar_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Na h-Eileanan an Iar (UK Parliament constituency)">Na h-Eileanan an Iar</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions">Scottish Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Na_h-Eileanan_an_Iar_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Na h-Eileanan an Iar</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #8DE3D2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Wetland</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Lewis Peatlands</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">22 December 2000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1046<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Scotland" title="List of places in Scotland">Scotland</a></dd> <dd></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Isle_of_Lewis&params=58.2_N_6.6_W_dim:80000&title=Lewis_region:GB_type:city(18500)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">6°36′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.2°N 6.6°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.2; -6.6</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Lewis</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Isle of Lewis</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Eilean Leòdhais</i>) or simply <b>Lewis</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">[ˈʎɔːəs̪]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c5\/Leodhas.ogg\/Leodhas.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Leodhas.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Leodhas.ogg/Leodhas.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Leodhas.ogg" title="File:Leodhas.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Harris" title="Lewis and Harris">Lewis and Harris</a>, the largest island of the Western Isles or <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a> archipelago in Scotland. The two parts are frequently referred to as if they were separate islands. The total area of Lewis is 683 square miles (1,770 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lewis is, in general, the lower-lying part of the island: the other part, <a href="/wiki/Harris,_Outer_Hebrides" title="Harris, Outer Hebrides">Harris</a>, is more mountainous. Due to its larger area and flatter, more fertile land, Lewis contains three-quarters of the population of the Western Isles, and the largest settlement, <a href="/wiki/Stornoway" title="Stornoway">Stornoway</a>. The island's diverse habitats are home to an assortment of flora and fauna, such as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a>, and are recognised in a number of <a href="/wiki/Conservation_area_(United_Kingdom)" title="Conservation area (United Kingdom)">conservation areas</a>. </p><p>Lewis has a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> tradition and a rich history. It was once part of the <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a>. Today, life is very different from elsewhere in Scotland, with <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sabbath</a> observance, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> language and <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> cutting retaining more importance than elsewhere. Lewis has a rich cultural heritage as can be seen from its <a href="/wiki/Hebridean_mythology_and_folklore" title="Hebridean mythology and folklore">myths and legends</a> as well as the local literary and musical traditions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox collapsible" style="width:280px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;">Pronunciation </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="width: 40%;"> </td> <th colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scots_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Gaelic">Scots Gaelic</a>:</td> <td><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Eilean Leòdhais</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pronunciation:</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">[elan<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʎɔːəʃ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/84\/Eilean_Leodhais.ogg\/Eilean_Leodhais.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Eilean Leodhais.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Eilean_Leodhais.ogg/Eilean_Leodhais.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Eilean_Leodhais.ogg" title="File:Eilean Leodhais.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scots_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Gaelic">Scots Gaelic</a>:</td> <td><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Eilean an Fhraoich</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pronunciation:</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">[ˈelan<span class="wrap"> </span>ən̪ˠ<span class="wrap"> </span>rˠɯːç]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8e\/Eilean_an_Fhraoich.ogg\/Eilean_an_Fhraoich.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Eilean an Fhraoich.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/Eilean_an_Fhraoich.ogg/Eilean_an_Fhraoich.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Eilean_an_Fhraoich.ogg" title="File:Eilean an Fhraoich.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> name <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Leòdhas</i></span> may be derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Norse</a> <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Ljoðahús</i></span> ('song house'),<sup id="cite_ref-Scottish_Parliament_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottish_Parliament-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although other origins have been suggested – most notably the Gaelic <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">leogach</i></span> ('marshy').<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is probably the place referred to as [[[wikt:λίμνη|Limnu]]] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Non-latn text/Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> by <a href="/wiki/Geographia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographia">Ptolemy</a>, which also means 'marshy'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as the <i>Isle of Lewis</i> (Gaelic: <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Eilean Leòdhais</i></span>). Another name usually used in a cultural or poetic context is <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Eilean an Fhraoich</i></span> ('Heather Isle'),<sup id="cite_ref-Scottish_Parliament_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottish_Parliament-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this refers to the whole of the island of <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Harris" title="Lewis and Harris">Lewis and Harris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Outer_Hebrides" title="History of the Outer Hebrides">History of the Outer Hebrides</a></div> <p>The earliest evidence of human habitation on Lewis is found in <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> samples which indicate that about 8,000 years ago much of the native woodland was torched to make way for browse plants to allow <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a> to browse. The earliest <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> remains date from about 5,000 years ago. At that time, people began to settle in permanent farms rather than following their herds. The small houses of these people have been found throughout the <a href="/wiki/Western_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Isles">Western Isles</a>; in particular, at <a href="/wiki/Dail_M%C3%B2r" title="Dail Mòr">Dail Mòr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a>. The more striking great monuments of this period are the temples and communal burial cairns at places like <a href="/wiki/Calanais" class="mw-redirect" title="Calanais">Calanais</a> (English: Callanish). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calanais_Standing_Stones_20090610_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Calanais_Standing_Stones_20090610_01.jpg/220px-Calanais_Standing_Stones_20090610_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Calanais_Standing_Stones_20090610_01.jpg/330px-Calanais_Standing_Stones_20090610_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Calanais_Standing_Stones_20090610_01.jpg/440px-Calanais_Standing_Stones_20090610_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Callanish_Stones" title="Callanish Stones">Callanish Stones</a></figcaption></figure> <p>About 500 BC, island society moved into the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>. The buildings became larger and more prominent, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">brochs</a> – circular, dry-stone towers belonging to the local chieftains – which testify to the uncertain nature of life then. The best remaining example of a broch in Lewis is at Dùn Chàrlabhaigh (English: <a href="/wiki/Dun_Carloway" title="Dun Carloway">Dun Carloway</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Scots</a> arrived during the first centuries AD, bringing the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> language with them.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Christianity began to spread through the islands in the 6th and later centuries, following <a href="/wiki/Saint_Columba" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Columba">Columban</a> missionaries, Lewis was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UigChessmen_SelectionOfKings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UigChessmen_SelectionOfKings.jpg/220px-UigChessmen_SelectionOfKings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UigChessmen_SelectionOfKings.jpg/330px-UigChessmen_SelectionOfKings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UigChessmen_SelectionOfKings.jpg/440px-UigChessmen_SelectionOfKings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>Two kings and two queens from the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></figcaption></figure><p>In the 9th century AD, the <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> began to settle on Lewis, after years of raiding from the sea. The Norse invaders intermarried with local people and abandoned their pagan beliefs. At that time, rectangular buildings began to supersede round ones, following the Scandinavian style. Lewis became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mann and the Isles">Kingdom of Mann and the Isles</a>, an offshoot of Norway. The <a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a>, found on the island in 1831, date from the time of <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> rule. The people were called the <a href="/wiki/Norse_Gaels" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse Gaels">Norse Gaels</a> or Gall-Ghàidheil (lit. "Foreigner Gaels"), reflecting their mixed Scandinavian/Gaelic background, and probably their bilingual speech.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Norse language persists in many island placenames and some personal names to this day, although the latter are fairly evenly spread across the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a>. </p><p>Lewis (and the rest of the Western Isles) became part of Scotland once more in 1266: under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a> it was ceded by the Kingdom of Norway. Under Scottish rule, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Isles" title="Lord of the Isles">Lordship of the Isles</a> emerged as the most important power in north-western Scotland by the 14th century. The Lords of the Isles were based on <a href="/wiki/Islay" title="Islay">Islay</a>, but controlled all of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a>. They were descended from <a href="/wiki/Somerled" title="Somerled">Somerled</a> (Somhairle) Mac Gillibride, a Gall-Ghàidheil lord who had held the Hebrides and West Coast two hundred years earlier. Control of Lewis itself was initially exercised by the Macleod clan, but after years of feuding and open warfare between and even within local clans, the lands of <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">Clan MacLeod</a> were forfeited to the Scottish Crown in 1597 and were awarded by <a href="/wiki/King_James_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King James VI">King James VI</a> to a group of <a href="/wiki/Lowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowland">Lowland</a> colonists known as the <a href="/wiki/Fife_adventurers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fife adventurers">Fife adventurers</a> in an attempt to <a href="/wiki/Anglicise" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicise">anglicise</a> the islands. However the adventurers were unsuccessful, and possession passed to the Mackenzies of Kintail in 1609, when Coinneach, Lord MacKenzie, bought out the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">lowlanders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg/220px-Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg/330px-Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg/440px-Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> yacht <a href="/wiki/HMY_Iolaire" title="HMY Iolaire">HMY <i>Iolaire</i></a> (named as <i>Amalthaea</i> in 1908 photo).</figcaption></figure><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">1745 rebellion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Prince_Charlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonnie Prince Charlie">Prince Charles Edward Stewart</a>'s flight to France, the use of Scottish Gaelic was discouraged, rents were demanded in cash rather than kind, and the wearing of folk dress was made illegal. Emigration to the New World increasingly became an escape for those who could afford it during the latter half of the century. In 1844 Lewis was bought by <a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Matheson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Matheson">Sir James Matheson</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Jardine_Matheson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jardine Matheson">Jardine Matheson</a>, but subsequent famine and changing land use forced vast numbers off their lands and increased the flood of emigrants again. Paradoxically, those who remained became ever more congested<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and impoverished, as large tracts of arable land were set aside for sheep, deerstalking or grouse shooting. Agitation for land resettlement became acute on Lewis during the economic slump of the 1880s, with several <a href="/wiki/Land_raid" title="Land raid">land raids</a> (in common with Skye, Uist and Tiree); this quietened down as the island economy recovered. </p><p>During the First World War, thousands of islanders served in the forces, many losing their lives, including 208 naval reservists from the island who were returning home after the war when the Admiralty yacht <a href="/wiki/HMY_Iolaire" title="HMY Iolaire">HMY <i>Iolaire</i></a> sank within sight of <a href="/wiki/Stornoway" title="Stornoway">Stornoway</a> harbour. Many servicemen from Lewis served in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Navy">Merchant Navy</a> during the Second World War, and again many people died. Afterwards, many more inhabitants emigrated to the Americas and mainland Scotland. </p><p>In May 1918 the Isle of Lewis was purchased by the soap magnate <a href="/wiki/William_Hesketh_Lever" class="mw-redirect" title="William Hesketh Lever">Lord Leverhulme</a>, who intended to make Stornoway an industrial town and build a fish cannery. His plans were initially popular, but his opposition to land resettlement led to further land raids, especially around the farms of <a href="/wiki/Coll,_Lewis" title="Coll, Lewis">Coll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gress" title="Gress">Gress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tong,_Lewis" title="Tong, Lewis">Tong</a>. These raids, commemorated in monuments in several villages,<sup id="cite_ref-history1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were ultimately successful, as the government was prepared to take legal action in support of land resettlement. Faced with this, Leverhulme gave up on his plans for Lewis and concentrated his efforts on Harris, where the town of <a href="/wiki/Leverburgh" title="Leverburgh">Leverburgh</a> takes his name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_sites">Historical sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Isle of Lewis has a variety of locations of historical and archaeological interest, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_Stones" title="Callanish Stones">Callanish Stones</a> associated with the <a href="/wiki/Clan_Morrison" title="Clan Morrison">Clan Morrison</a> among others</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun_Carloway" title="Dun Carloway">Dun Carloway</a> Broch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> houses near Bostadh (<a href="/wiki/Great_Bernera" title="Great Bernera">Great Bernera</a>)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Garenin" title="Garenin">Garenin</a> blackhouse village in <a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a> and the Black House at <a href="/wiki/Arnol" title="Arnol">Arnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragar" title="Bragar">Bragar</a> whale bone arch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba" title="Columba">St Columba</a>'s church in <a href="/wiki/Aignish" title="Aignish">Aignish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teampull_Mholuaidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Teampull Mholuaidh">Teampull Mholuaidh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ness,_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Ness, Outer Hebrides">Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clach_an_Truiseil" class="mw-redirect" title="Clach an Truiseil">Clach an Truiseil</a> <a href="/wiki/Monolith" title="Monolith">monolith</a></li> <li>Clach an Tursa, <a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Prince_Charlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonnie Prince Charlie">Bonnie Prince Charlie</a>'s Monument, Arnish</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lews_Castle" title="Lews Castle">Lews Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butt_of_Lewis" title="Butt of Lewis">Butt of Lewis</a> cliffs and <a href="/wiki/Butt_of_Lewis_Lighthouse" title="Butt of Lewis Lighthouse">Butt of Lewis Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B9n_%C3%88istean" title="Dùn Èistean">Dùn Èistean</a>, a small island which is the ancestral home of the Lewis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clan_Morrisons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clan Morrisons (page does not exist)">Clan Morrisons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ness,_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Ness, Outer Hebrides">Ness</a> area</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ui_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Ui Church">Ui Church</a>, burial place of the Clan Chiefs MacLeod of Lewis and MacKenzie</li></ul> <p>There are also numerous lesser stone circles and the remains of five further <a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">brochs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_geology">Geography and geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wfm_lewis_landsat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wfm_lewis_landsat.jpg/220px-Wfm_lewis_landsat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wfm_lewis_landsat.jpg/330px-Wfm_lewis_landsat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wfm_lewis_landsat.jpg/440px-Wfm_lewis_landsat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Satellite photograph of Lewis and Harris</figcaption></figure> <p>Much of Lewis consists of mostly sandy beaches backed by dunes and <a href="/wiki/Machair" title="Machair">machair</a> on the Atlantic west coast, giving way to an expansive peat-covered plateau in the centre of the island. The eastern coastline is markedly more rugged and is mostly rocky cliffs broken by small coves and beaches. The more fertile nature of the eastern side led to the majority of the population settling there, including the largest settlement and only town, <a href="/wiki/Stornoway" title="Stornoway">Stornoway</a>. Aside from the village of <a href="/wiki/Achmore,_Lewis" title="Achmore, Lewis">Achmore</a> in the centre of the island, all settlements are on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UigLoch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/UigLoch.jpg/220px-UigLoch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/UigLoch.jpg/330px-UigLoch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/UigLoch.jpg/440px-UigLoch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Looking towards the uplands in the centre of the Island of Lewis</figcaption></figure><p>Compared with Harris, Lewis is relatively flat, except in the south-west, where <a href="/wiki/Mealaisbhal" title="Mealaisbhal">Mealaisbhal</a>, 574 m (1,883 ft), is the highest point, and in the south-east, where Beinn Mhor reaches 572 m (1,877 ft); but there are 16 high points exceeding 300 m (980 ft) in height.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southern Lewis also has a large number of freshwater lochs compared to the north of the island. </p><p><a href="/wiki/South_Lewis,_Harris_and_North_Uist_NSA" class="mw-redirect" title="South Lewis, Harris and North Uist NSA">South Lewis, Harris and North Uist</a> together comprise a <a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Area_(Scotland)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Area (Scotland)">National Scenic Area</a>. There are four geographical <a href="/wiki/Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Sites of Special Scientific Interest">Sites of Special Scientific Interest</a> (SSSI) on Lewis – Glen Valtos, Cnoc a' Chapuill, Port of Ness and Tolsta Head.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-snhsitelink_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snhsitelink-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coastline is severely indented, creating a number of large sea lochs, such as Lochs <a href="/wiki/Loch_Resort" title="Loch Resort">Resort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loch_Seaforth" title="Loch Seaforth">Seaforth</a>, which form part of the border with Harris, <a href="/wiki/Loch_Roag" class="mw-redirect" title="Loch Roag">Loch Roag</a>, which surrounds the island of Great Bernera, and <a href="/wiki/Loch_Erisort" title="Loch Erisort">Loch Erisort</a>. The principal capes are the <a href="/wiki/Butt_of_Lewis" title="Butt of Lewis">Butt of Lewis</a>, in the extreme north, with hundred foot (30 m) cliffs (the high point is 142 ft (43 m) high)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and crowned with a lighthouse, the light of which is visible for 19 miles (31 km); Tolsta Head, Tiumpan Head and Cabag Head, on the east; Renish Point, in the extreme south; and, on the west, Toe Head and Gallon Head.<sup id="cite_ref-1911_Lewis_with_Harris_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911_Lewis_with_Harris-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest island associated with Lewis is Bernera or <a href="/wiki/Great_Bernera" title="Great Bernera">Great Bernera</a> in the district of <a href="/wiki/Uig,_Lewis" title="Uig, Lewis">Uig</a> and is linked to the mainland of Lewis by a bridge opened in 1953. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_abandoned.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lewis_abandoned.jpg/220px-Lewis_abandoned.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lewis_abandoned.jpg/330px-Lewis_abandoned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lewis_abandoned.jpg/440px-Lewis_abandoned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Abandoned house and croft in SW Lewis, with exposed gneiss visible.</figcaption></figure> <p>The geology of Lewis is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphic rocks">metamorphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneisses</a> of the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Lewisian_complex" title="Lewisian complex">Lewisian complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exceptions are a patch of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> near <a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a>, small bands of intrusive <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> at Gress and in Eye Peninsula and some <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> at Stornoway, Tong, Vatisker and Carloway, which was originally thought to be <a href="/wiki/Torridonian" title="Torridonian">Torridonian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1911_Lewis_with_Harris_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911_Lewis_with_Harris-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is now considered more likely to be <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> in age.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exposure to the Atlantic Ocean and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> lead to a cool, moist climate on Lewis. There is relatively little temperature difference between summer and winter, both of which are moderately cloudy (although cloud and wet weather often blows over quickly in summer). Both seasons also have significant rainfall and frequent high winds, particularly during the autumn equinox. These winds have led to Lewis being designated a potential site for a significant wind-farm, which has caused much controversy amongst the population. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Lewis </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">118.8<br />(4.68) </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">136.4<br />(5.37) </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">150.4<br />(5.92) </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.8<br />(3.34) </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">124.8<br />(4.91) </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">98.0<br />(3.86) </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">119.0<br />(4.69) </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">150.6<br />(5.93) </td> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">141.2<br />(5.56) </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">187.0<br />(7.36) </td> <td style="background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">165.0<br />(6.50) </td> <td style="background: #0000AF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">224.4<br />(8.83) </td> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,700.4<br />(66.95) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #3F3F3F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">34.5 </td> <td style="background: #7F7F7F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.4 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.9 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.1 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.2 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166.4 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.9 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.6 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.6 </td> <td style="background: #8D8D8D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.2 </td> <td style="background: #535353; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.3 </td> <td style="background: #2F2F2F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">26.2 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,223.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/stationdata/stornowaydata.txt">Met Office</a> (Data January 1874 – November 2006) <p>Temperature figures are average figures for that month; other figures are averages of monthly totals. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Hebrides Weather<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nature">Nature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nature_of_the_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature of the Outer Hebrides">Nature of the Outer Hebrides</a></div> <p>There are 15 Sites of Special Scientific Interest on Lewis in the biology category, spread across the island. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Peatlands" title="Lewis Peatlands">Lewis Peatlands</a> are recognised by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Natural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Natural Heritage">Scottish Natural Heritage</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">Special Protection Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_Area_of_Conservation" title="Special Area of Conservation">Special Area of Conservation</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar</a> site, showing their importance as a wetland habitat for migratory and resident bird life.<sup id="cite_ref-snhsitelink_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snhsitelink-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birds">Birds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many species of seabirds inhabit the coastal areas of Lewis, including <a href="/wiki/European_shag" title="European shag">shag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_gannet" title="Northern gannet">gannet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_fulmar" title="Northern fulmar">fulmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black-legged_kittiwake" title="Black-legged kittiwake">kittiwake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_guillemot" class="mw-redirect" title="Common guillemot">guillemot</a>, and gulls. <a href="/wiki/Red_grouse" title="Red grouse">Red grouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_woodcock" title="Eurasian woodcock">woodcock</a> are found in the interior. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Uig,_Lewis" title="Uig, Lewis">Uig</a> hills, it is possible to spot both <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden</a> and <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_eagle" title="White-tailed eagle">white-tailed eagles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Pairc" class="mw-redirect" title="Pairc">Pairc</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_oystercatcher" title="Eurasian oystercatcher">oystercatchers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_curlew" title="Eurasian curlew">curlews</a> can be seen. A few pairs of <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcons</a> inhabit the coastal cliffs and <a href="/wiki/Merlin_(bird)" title="Merlin (bird)">merlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_buzzard" title="Common buzzard">buzzard</a> are common everywhere on hill and moor. An important feature of the winter bird life is the great diversity of wildfowl. Several species of <a href="/wiki/Waterfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfowl">waterfowl</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Common_eider" title="Common eider">eider</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_duck" title="Long-tailed duck">long-tailed duck</a>, are found in the shallow water around Lewis.<sup id="cite_ref-cne-siar_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cne-siar-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_life">Marine life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Marine life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantischer_Lachs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Atlantischer_Lachs.jpg/200px-Atlantischer_Lachs.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Atlantischer_Lachs.jpg/300px-Atlantischer_Lachs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Atlantischer_Lachs.jpg/400px-Atlantischer_Lachs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Atlantic salmon</figcaption></figure><p>Salmon frequent several Lewis rivers after crossing the Atlantic. Many of the fresh-water lochs are home to fish such as trout. Other freshwater fish present include <a href="/wiki/Arctic_char" title="Arctic char">Arctic char</a>, European eel, 3 and 9 spined <a href="/wiki/Stickleback" title="Stickleback">sticklebacks</a>, thick-lipped <a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">mullet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a>. </p><p>Offshore, it is common to see <a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">grey seals</a>, particularly in Stornoway harbour, and with luck, dolphins, <a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">harbour porpoises</a>, sharks and even the occasional whale can be encountered.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_mammals">Land mammals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Land mammals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are only two native land mammals in the Western Isles: <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">otter</a>. The <a href="/wiki/European_rabbit" title="European rabbit">rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_hare" title="Mountain hare">mountain hare</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_hedgehog" title="European hedgehog">hedgehog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">feral cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">polecat</a> and both <a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_rat" title="Black rat">black rats</a> were introduced. The origin of mice and voles is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-cne-siar_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cne-siar-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink</a>, another introduced species (escapees from <a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">fur farms</a>), cause problems for native ground-nesting birds, the local fishing industry and poultry farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mink have been successfully eradicated<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the Uists and Barra. The second and ongoing phase of the Hebridean Mink Project aims to rid Lewis and Harris of mink in similar fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are claims that the Stornoway castle grounds are home to bats.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, some residents keep farm animals such as Hebridean sheep, Highland cattle or kyloe and a few pigs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reptiles_and_amphibians">Reptiles and amphibians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reptiles and amphibians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragonfly_in_Lewis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Dragonfly_in_Lewis.JPG/220px-Dragonfly_in_Lewis.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Dragonfly_in_Lewis.JPG/330px-Dragonfly_in_Lewis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Dragonfly_in_Lewis.JPG/440px-Dragonfly_in_Lewis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Damselfly" title="Damselfly">Damselfly</a> near Valtos, Uig</figcaption></figure><p>In common with Ireland, no snakes inhabit Lewis,<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_1984_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris_1984-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only the <a href="/wiki/Slowworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Slowworm">slowworm</a> which is merely mistaken for a snake. Actually, a legless lizard, it is the sole member of its order present. The common frog may be found in the centre of the island<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_1984_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris_1984-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it, along with any newts or toads present are introduced species.<sup id="cite_ref-cne-siar_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cne-siar-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insects">Insects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Insects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island's most famous insect resident is the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Highland_midge" title="Highland midge">midge</a> which is ever-present near water at certain times of the year. </p><p>During the summer months, several species of butterflies and dragonflies can be found, especially around Stornoway. </p><p>The richness of insect life in Lewis is evident from the abundance of carnivorous plants that thrive in parts of the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hebridean_Sundew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hebridean_Sundew.jpg/220px-Hebridean_Sundew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hebridean_Sundew.jpg/330px-Hebridean_Sundew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hebridean_Sundew.jpg/440px-Hebridean_Sundew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sundew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundew">Sundew</a> near Valtos</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Machair" title="Machair">machair</a> is noted for different species of orchid and associated vegetation such as various grasses. Three <a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">heathers</a>; <a href="/wiki/Common_heather" class="mw-redirect" title="Common heather">ling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_heather" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell heather">bell heather</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cross-leaved_heath" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-leaved heath">cross-leaved heath</a> are predominant in the large areas of moorland vegetation which also holds large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Insectivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectivorous">insectivorous</a> plants such as <a href="/wiki/Sundew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundew">sundews</a>. The expanse of heather-covered moorland explains the name <i>Eilean an Fhraoich</i>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> for "The Heather Isle".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lewis was once covered by woodland, but the only natural woods remaining are in small pockets on inland cliffs and on islands within lochs, away from fire and sheep. In recent years, <a href="/wiki/Forestry_Commission" title="Forestry Commission">Forestry Commission</a> plantations of <a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">spruce</a> and pine were planted, although most of the pines were destroyed by moth infestation. The most important mixed woods are those planted around <a href="/wiki/Lews_Castle" title="Lews Castle">Lews Castle</a> in Stornoway, dating from the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Politics and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg/220px-Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg/330px-Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg/440px-Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of <a href="/wiki/Comhairle_nan_Eilean_Siar" title="Comhairle nan Eilean Siar">Comhairle nan Eilean Siar</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>Historically, while Harris was part of <a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire" title="Inverness-shire">Inverness-shire</a>, Lewis was part of <a href="/wiki/Ross-shire" title="Ross-shire">Ross-shire</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ross_and_Cromarty" title="Ross and Cromarty">Ross and Cromarty</a>. The Western Isles Islands Council was established in 1975. Now called <a href="/wiki/Comhairle_nan_Eilean_Siar" title="Comhairle nan Eilean Siar">Comhairle nan Eilean Siar</a>, its remit covers the whole of the Outer Hebrides and its headquarters are in Stornoway. </p><p>Lewis is home to the majority of the Western Isles' electorate and six of the nine multi-member council wards are within Lewis and one is shared with Harris. 22 councillors are effectively elected by Lewis residents using the <a href="/wiki/Single_Transferable_Vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Transferable Vote">Single Transferable Vote</a> system, and following the 2007 elections 19 are independents, one has Labour and two SNP party affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Isle of Lewis is in the <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_(Scottish_Parliament_electoral_region)" title="Highlands and Islands (Scottish Parliament electoral region)">Highlands electoral region</a> and is part of the identical <a href="/wiki/Na_h-Eileanan_an_Iar_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Na h-Eileanan an Iar</a> Scottish Parliamentary and <a href="/wiki/Na_h-Eileanan_an_Iar_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Na h-Eileanan an Iar (UK Parliament constituency)">Na h-Eileanan an Iar</a> Westminster constituencies, currently represented by a member of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (SNP) and by a member of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Labour Party</a> after the last election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_representatives">Current representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Current representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>UK Parliament: <a href="/wiki/Torcuil_Crichton" title="Torcuil Crichton">Torcuil Crichton</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a> (Labour Party), first elected in 2024</li> <li>Scottish Parliament: <a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Allan" title="Alasdair Allan">Alasdair Allan</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">MSP</a> (SNP), first elected in 2007</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lewis' main settlement, the only <a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">burgh</a> on the Outer Hebrides, is Stornoway (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>: Steòrnabhagh), from which <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferries</a> sail to <a href="/wiki/Ullapool" title="Ullapool">Ullapool</a> on the Scottish mainland. In the 2011 census Lewis had a population of 19,658. </p><p>The island's settlements are on or near the coasts or <a href="/wiki/Sea_loch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea loch">sea lochs</a>, being particularly concentrated on the north east coast. The interior of the island is a large area of moorland from which <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> was traditionally cut as fuel, although this practice has become less common. The southern part of the island, adjoining Harris, is more mountainous with inland <a href="/wiki/Loch" title="Loch">lochs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parishes_and_districts_of_Lewis">Parishes and districts of Lewis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Parishes and districts of Lewis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>There are four parishes: <a href="/wiki/Barvas" title="Barvas">Barvas</a> (<i>Barabhas</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lochs,_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lochs, Lewis (page does not exist)">Lochs</a> (<i>Na Lochan</i>), Stornoway (<i>Steòrnabhagh</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Uig,_Lewis" title="Uig, Lewis">Uig</a> on which the original civil registration districts were based. The district of <a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a> (after the village of that name) which hitherto had fallen partly within the parishes of Lochs and Uig, became a separate civil registration district in 1859.</li> <li>The districts of Lewis are <a href="/wiki/Ness,_Western_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ness, Western Isles">Ness</a> (<i>Nis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a> (<i>Càrlabhagh</i>), <a href="/wiki/Back,_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Back, Outer Hebrides">Back</a>, Lochs (<i>Na Lochan</i>), Park (<i><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">A' Phàirc</i></span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Point,_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Point, Outer Hebrides">Point</a> (<i><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">An Rubha</i></span></i>), Stornoway, West Side, Bernera and Uig. These designations are traditional and in use by the entire population.</li> <li>For civil registration purposes Lochs (<i><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Na Lochan</i></span></i>) is nowadays split into North Lochs (<i><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Na Lochan a Tuath</i></span></i>) and South Lochs (<i><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Na Lochan a Deas</i></span></i>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/West_Side,_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="West Side, Outer Hebrides">West Side</a> is a generic designation for the area covering the villages from Borve to Dalbeg (<i><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Siabost</i></span></i>).</li></ul> <p>It is claimed that the site of the Stornoway War Memorial was chosen as it would be visible from at least one location in each of the four parishes; therefore, it may be possible to see all four parishes of Lewis from the top of the monument.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Lewis has only one town, <a href="/wiki/Stornoway" title="Stornoway">Stornoway</a>, with a population of approx 8,000, there are also several large villages and groupings of villages on Lewis, such as <a href="/wiki/North_Tolsta" title="North Tolsta">North Tolsta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leurbost" title="Leurbost">Leurbost</a> with significant populations. Near Stornoway, <a href="/wiki/Laxdale" title="Laxdale">Laxdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandwick,_Lewis" title="Sandwick, Lewis">Sandwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holm,_Lewis" title="Holm, Lewis">Holm</a>, although still de facto villages, have now become quasi-suburbs of Stornoway. The population of the greater-Stornoway area including these (and other) villages would be nearer 12,000. The island of Great Bernera contains the first planned crofting township created in the Outer Hebrides, Kirkibost created in 1805. This village was subsequently 'cleared' in 1823 and re-settled in 1878 using the exact land lotting divisions from 1805. </p><p>The following is a non-exhaustive list of villages in Lewis according to their location: </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Back,_Lewis" title="Back, Lewis">Back</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Back,_Lewis" title="Back, Lewis">Back</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coll,_Lewis" title="Coll, Lewis">Coll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gress" title="Gress">Gress</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Tolsta" title="North Tolsta">North Tolsta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tong,_Lewis" title="Tong, Lewis">Tong</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Ness,_Western_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ness, Western Isles">Ness</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melbost" title="Melbost">Melbost</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Galson" title="South Galson">South Galson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Galson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Galson (page does not exist)">North Galson</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dell" title="South Dell">South Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dell" title="North Dell">North Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross,_Lewis" title="Cross, Lewis">Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swainbost" title="Swainbost">Swainbost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habost" title="Habost">Habost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lionel,_Lewis" title="Lionel, Lewis">Lionel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ness" title="Port of Ness">Port of Ness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eoropie" title="Eoropie">Eoropie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fivepenny" title="Fivepenny">Fivepenny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knockaird" title="Knockaird">Knockaird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adabrock" class="mw-redirect" title="Adabrock">Adabrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eorodale" title="Eorodale">Eorodale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skigersta" title="Skigersta">Skigersta</a>, Cross-Skigersta Road</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/North_Lochs" title="North Lochs">North Lochs</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Achmore,_Lewis" title="Achmore, Lewis">Achmore</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grimshader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grimshader (page does not exist)">Grimshader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leurbost" title="Leurbost">Leurbost</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranish (page does not exist)">Ranish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crossbost" title="Crossbost">Crossbost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keose" title="Keose">Keose</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keose_Glebe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keose Glebe (page does not exist)">Keose Glebe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laxay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laxay (page does not exist)">Laxay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balallan" title="Balallan">Balallan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airidhbhruaich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airidhbhruaich (page does not exist)">Airidhbhruaich</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Park,_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Park, Outer Hebrides">Park</a> (South Lochs)</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shieldenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shieldenish (page does not exist)">Shieldenish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habost" title="Habost">Habost</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kershader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kershader (page does not exist)">Kershader</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garyvard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garyvard (page does not exist)">Garyvard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caverstay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caverstay (page does not exist)">Caverstay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cromore" title="Cromore">Cromore</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marvig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marvig (page does not exist)">Marvig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calbost" title="Calbost">Calbost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravir" title="Gravir">Gravir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemreway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemreway (page does not exist)">Lemreway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orinsay" title="Orinsay">Orinsay</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Point,_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Point, Outer Hebrides">Point</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aird,_Lewis" title="Aird, Lewis">Aird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aignish" title="Aignish">Aignish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flesherin" title="Flesherin">Flesherin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Bayble" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Bayble">Lower Bayble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portnaguran" title="Portnaguran">Portnaguran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portvoller" title="Portvoller">Portvoller</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheshader (page does not exist)">Sheshader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shulishader" title="Shulishader">Shulishader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Bayble" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Bayble">Upper Bayble</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagleton,_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagleton, Lewis (page does not exist)">Eagleton</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Uig,_Lewis" title="Uig, Lewis">Uig</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aird_Uig" title="Aird Uig">Aird Uig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cliff,_Lewis" title="Cliff, Lewis">Cliff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kneep" title="Kneep">Kneep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timsgarry" title="Timsgarry">Timsgarry</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valtos,_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valtos, Lewis (page does not exist)">Valtos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Breanish">Breanish</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islivik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islivik (page does not exist)">Islivik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meavag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meavag (page does not exist)">Meavag</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangursta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangursta (page does not exist)">Mangursta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crowlista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crowlista (page does not exist)">Crowlista</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geishader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geishader (page does not exist)">Geishader</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carishader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carishader (page does not exist)">Carishader</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gisla,_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gisla, Scotland (page does not exist)">Gisla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garynahine" title="Garynahine">Garynahine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callanish" title="Callanish">Callanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breasclete" title="Breasclete">Breasclete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breaclete" title="Breaclete">Breaclete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkibost" title="Kirkibost">Kirkibost</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobson (page does not exist)">Tobson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hacklete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacklete (page does not exist)">Hacklete</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/West_Side,_Outer_Hebrides" class="mw-redirect" title="West Side, Outer Hebrides">West Side</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arnol" title="Arnol">Arnol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballantrushal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballantrushal">Ballantrushal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barvas" title="Barvas">Barvas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borve,_Lewis" title="Borve, Lewis">Borve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bragar" title="Bragar">Bragar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brue" title="Brue">Brue</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shader,_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shader, Scotland (page does not exist)">Shader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawbost" title="Shawbost">Shawbost</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalbeg,_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalbeg, Lewis (page does not exist)">Dalbeg</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Stornoway" title="Stornoway">Stornoway area</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Branahuie" title="Branahuie">Branahuie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holm,_Lewis" title="Holm, Lewis">Holm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laxdale" title="Laxdale">Laxdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marybank,_Lewis" title="Marybank, Lewis">Marybank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbost" title="Melbost">Melbost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newmarket,_Lewis" title="Newmarket, Lewis">Newmarket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newvalley,_Lewis" title="Newvalley, Lewis">Newvalley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parkend,_Lewis" title="Parkend, Lewis">Parkend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plasterfield" title="Plasterfield">Plasterfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandwick,_Lewis" title="Sandwick, Lewis">Sandwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steinish" title="Steinish">Steinish</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arnish_Industrial_Estate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arnish_Industrial_Estate.jpg/220px-Arnish_Industrial_Estate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arnish_Industrial_Estate.jpg/330px-Arnish_Industrial_Estate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arnish_Industrial_Estate.jpg/440px-Arnish_Industrial_Estate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2150" /></a><figcaption>Arnish Industrial Estate</figcaption></figure><p>Traditional industries on Lewis are <a href="/wiki/Crofting" title="Crofting">crofting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a>. Though historically important, they are currently in decline and crofting in particular is little more than a subsistence venture today. Over 40% of the working population is employed by the public sector (chiefly <a href="/wiki/Comhairle_nan_Eilean_Siar" title="Comhairle nan Eilean Siar">Comhairle nan Eilean Siar</a>, the local authority; and NHS Western Isles). Tourism is the only growing commercial industry. </p><p>According to the Scottish Government, "tourism is by far and away the mainstay industry" of the Outer Hebrides, "generating £65m in economic value for the islands, sustaining around 1000 jobs". The report adds that the "islands receive 219,000 visitors per year".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Outer Hebrides tourism bureau states that 10–15% of economic activity on the islands was made up of tourism in 2017. The agency states that the "exact split between islands is not possible" when calculating the number of visits, but "the approximate split is Lewis (45%), Uist (25%), Harris (20%), Barra (10%)".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the name, the <a href="/wiki/Harris_tweed" title="Harris tweed">Harris tweed</a> industry is today focused in Lewis, with the major finishing mills in Shawbost and Stornoway. Every length of cloth produced is stamped with the official <a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger">Orb</a> symbol, <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarked</a> by the Harris Tweed Association in 1909, when Harris Tweed was defined as "hand-spun, hand-woven and dyed by the crofters and cottars in the Outer Hebrides"; Machine-spinning and vat dyeing have since replaced hand methods, and only weaving is now conducted in the home, under the governance of the <a href="/wiki/Harris_Tweed_Authority" title="Harris Tweed Authority">Harris Tweed Authority</a>, established by an Act of Parliament in 1993. Harris Tweed is now defined as "hand woven by the islanders at their homes in the Outer Hebrides, finished in the islands of Harris, Lewis, North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist and Barra and their several purtenances (The Outer Hebrides) and made from pure virgin wool dyed and spun in the Outer Hebrides."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aside from the concentration of industry and services in the Stornoway area, many of the historical sites have associated visitor centres, shops or cafes.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a pharmaceutical plant near <a href="/wiki/Breasclete" title="Breasclete">Breasclete</a> which specialises in <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acid</a> research.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main fishing fleet (and associated shoreside services) in Stornoway is somewhat reduced from its heyday, but many smaller boats perform inshore creel fishing and operate from smaller, local harbours right around Lewis. There are <a href="/wiki/Fish_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish farms">fish farms</a> in many of the sea lochs, and along with the onshore processing and transportation required the industry as a whole is a major employer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commerce">Commerce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stornoway is the commercial centre of Lewis; there are several national chains with shops in the town, two national supermarket chains as well as numerous local businesses. Outwith Stornoway, many villages have an all-purpose shop (often combined with a post office). Some villages have more than one, with these usually being specialist stores such as pharmacies or petrol stations. There are almost no rural public houses (for the sale of alcohol); instead, local hotels or inns function as meeting, eating and drinking places, often with accommodation provided. Recently, <a href="/wiki/Abhainn_Dearg_distillery" title="Abhainn Dearg distillery">Abhainn Dearg distillery</a> at Carnish, Uig, on the Isle of Lewis is producing Scotch whisky, the first legal whisky in over 200 years. </p><p>Itinerant, travelling shops also tour the island visiting some of the more remote locations. The ease of transport to Stornoway and the advent of the internet have led to many of the village shops closing in recent times. Mobile banking services are provided to remote villages by the Royal Bank of Scotland's travelling bank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stornoway_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Stornoway_Airport.jpg/220px-Stornoway_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Stornoway_Airport.jpg/330px-Stornoway_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Stornoway_Airport.jpg/440px-Stornoway_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1970" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stornoway_Airport" title="Stornoway Airport">Stornoway Airport</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> base</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MV_Loch_Seaforth_Approaching_Stornoway,_9_May_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MV_Loch_Seaforth_Approaching_Stornoway%2C_9_May_2016.jpg/220px-MV_Loch_Seaforth_Approaching_Stornoway%2C_9_May_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MV_Loch_Seaforth_Approaching_Stornoway%2C_9_May_2016.jpg/330px-MV_Loch_Seaforth_Approaching_Stornoway%2C_9_May_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MV_Loch_Seaforth_Approaching_Stornoway%2C_9_May_2016.jpg/440px-MV_Loch_Seaforth_Approaching_Stornoway%2C_9_May_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>MV <i>Loch Seaforth</i></figcaption></figure><p>A daily <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_MacBrayne" title="Caledonian MacBrayne">Caledonian MacBrayne</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> (<a href="/wiki/MV_Loch_Seaforth_(2014)" title="MV Loch Seaforth (2014)">MV <i>Loch Seaforth</i></a>) sails from Stornoway to Ullapool on the Scottish mainland, taking 2 hours 30 minutes connecting Lewis with the mainland. There are two return crossings a day, with one on a Sunday in the winter. Other ferries sailing from Harris are easily accessible by road, enabling transport to <a href="/wiki/Skye" class="mw-redirect" title="Skye">Skye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uist" title="Uist">Uist</a>. </p><p>Suggestions for the possibility of an undersea tunnel linking Lewis to the Scottish mainland were raised in early 2007. One of the possible routes, between Stornoway and Ullapool, would be over 50 miles (80 km) long and hence the longest road tunnel in the world;<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, shorter routes would be possible. </p><p>Stornoway is the public transport hub of Lewis, with bus services to Point, Ness, Back and Tolsta, Uig, the West Side, Lochs and <a href="/wiki/Tarbert,_Harris" title="Tarbert, Harris">Tarbert, Harris</a>. These services are provided by the local authority and several private operators as well as some community-run organisations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stornoway_Airport" title="Stornoway Airport">Stornoway Airport</a> is 2 miles (3 km) away from the town itself and is located next to the village of <a href="/wiki/Melbost" title="Melbost">Melbost</a>. <a href="/wiki/Loganair" title="Loganair">Loganair</a> operate services to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Air_Services" title="Hebridean Air Services">Hebridean Air Services</a> operate a service to <a href="/wiki/Benbecula" title="Benbecula">Benbecula</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airways" title="Eastern Airways">Eastern Airways</a> flights to Aberdeen ended in November 2018. The airport is the base of a <a href="/wiki/HM_Coastguard" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Coastguard">HM Coastguard</a> Search & Rescue <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-92" title="Sikorsky S-92">Sikorsky S-92</a> helicopter and was previously home to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Stornoway" title="RAF Stornoway">RAF Stornoway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peats">Peats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Peats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peat-Stack_in_Ness,_Outer_Hebrides,_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Peat-Stack_in_Ness%2C_Outer_Hebrides%2C_Scotland.jpg/220px-Peat-Stack_in_Ness%2C_Outer_Hebrides%2C_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Peat-Stack_in_Ness%2C_Outer_Hebrides%2C_Scotland.jpg/330px-Peat-Stack_in_Ness%2C_Outer_Hebrides%2C_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Peat-Stack_in_Ness%2C_Outer_Hebrides%2C_Scotland.jpg/440px-Peat-Stack_in_Ness%2C_Outer_Hebrides%2C_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2966" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> stack in Ness</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a> is still cut as a fuel in many areas of Lewis. Peat is usually cut in late spring with a tool called a <i>tairsgeir</i> (that is, a peat iron, peat spade, peat knife or tosg; sometimes <i>toirsgian</i>) which has a long wooden handle with an angled blade on one end. The peat bank is first cleared of heather turfs. The peat, now exposed, is cut using the <i>tairsgeir</i> and the peats thrown out on the bank to dry. A good peat cutter can cut 1000 peats in a day.<sup id="cite_ref-ambaile_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ambaile-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once dried, the peats are carted to the croft and built into a large stack. These often resembled the shape of the croft house – broad, curved at each end and tapered to a point about 2 metres high. They varied in length from about 4 to 14 metres. Peat stacking also follows local customs and a well-built peat stack can be a work of art. Peat stacks provide additional shelter to houses. A croft can burn as many as 15,000–18,000 peats in a year.<sup id="cite_ref-ambaile_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ambaile-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The odour of the peat-smoke, especially in wintertime, can add to the general atmosphere of the island. While peat burning still goes on, there has been a significant decline in recent years as people move to other, less labour-intensive forms of heating; however, it remains an important symbol of island life. In 2008, with the large increase in the price (and theft) of liquefied petroleum gas and heating oil, there were signs that there may be a return to peat cutting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Columbas_Church,_Aiginis,_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St_Columbas_Church%2C_Aiginis%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg/220px-St_Columbas_Church%2C_Aiginis%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St_Columbas_Church%2C_Aiginis%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg/330px-St_Columbas_Church%2C_Aiginis%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St_Columbas_Church%2C_Aiginis%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg/440px-St_Columbas_Church%2C_Aiginis%2C_Isle_of_Lewis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>St Columba's Church, <a href="/wiki/Aignish" title="Aignish">Aignish</a>, Isle of Lewis</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Outer_Hebrides" title="Religion in the Outer Hebrides">Religion in the Outer Hebrides</a></div> <p>Religion is important in Lewis, with much of the population belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(post-1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (post-1900)">Free Church</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> (both <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> in tradition). The <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sabbath</a> is generally observed, with most shops and licensed premises closed on that day, although there has been a scheduled air service to mainland Scotland as well as a scheduled ferry service since 19 July 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Presbyterianism dominates Lewis, other denominations and other religions have a presence, with a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> church, a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>); there is also a Catholic priest of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Ordinariate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Ordinariate">Anglican Ordinariate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stornoway" title="Stornoway">Stornoway</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a> corps, a Pentecostal church (New Wine Church), a <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a> church, a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> church, a <a href="/wiki/Meetinghouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Meetinghouse">meetinghouse</a> of the <a href="/wiki/LDS_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="LDS Church">LDS Church</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witness" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's Witness">Jehovah's Witness</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hall" title="Kingdom Hall">Kingdom Hall</a> all present in Stornoway.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The island's first <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> opened in Stornoway in May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some churches in Lewis practise <a href="/wiki/Precenting_the_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Precenting the line">precenting the line</a>, a distinctive, <a href="/wiki/Heterophonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterophonic">heterophonic</a> style of congregational <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_psalm_singing" title="Gaelic psalm singing">psalm singing in Scottish Gaelic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education in Scotland</a></div> <p>School education in Lewis is under the remit of <a href="/wiki/Comhairle_nan_Eilean_Siar" title="Comhairle nan Eilean Siar">Comhairle nan Eilean Siar</a>. There are a total of 15 schools covering the 5–18 age range.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unusual features are the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_medium_education_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelic medium education in Scotland">Scottish Gaelic medium education</a> (offered in 12 of 14 primary schools)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Nicolson_Institute" title="Nicolson Institute">Nicolson Institute</a>, the only secondary school on the island. The large number of village schools led to necessarily small rolls, and falls in pupil numbers led to the closures of all of the rural secondary departments and some of the primary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stornoway is home to a small campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">University of Stirling</a>, teaching nursing, which is based in <i>Ospadal nan Eilean</i> (Western Isles Hospital). There is also a further education college, <a href="/wiki/Lews_Castle_College" title="Lews Castle College">Lews Castle College</a>, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/UHI_Millennium_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="UHI Millennium Institute">UHI Millennium Institute</a>. The college is the umbrella organisation for other vocational and community education, offered in several rural learning centres as well as on the main campus and covering subjects such as basic computer skills, Scottish Gaelic language classes and maritime qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_sport">Culture and sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture and sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garenin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Garenin.jpg/220px-Garenin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Garenin.jpg/330px-Garenin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Garenin.jpg/440px-Garenin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Garenin" title="Garenin">Garenin</a> <a href="/wiki/Blackhouse" title="Blackhouse">blackhouse</a> village</figcaption></figure> <p>Lewis has a linguistic heritage rooted in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, which both continue to influence life in Lewis. Today, both Scottish Gaelic and English are spoken in Lewis, but in day-to-day life, a hybrid of English and Scottish Gaelic is very common.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the Scottish Gaelic influence, the Lewis accent of <a href="/wiki/Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highland English</a> is frequently considered to sound more Irish or Welsh than stereotypically Scottish in some quarters. The Scottish Gaelic culture in the Western Isles is more prominent than in any other part of Scotland. Scottish Gaelic is the language of choice amongst many islanders and around 60% of islanders speak Scottish Gaelic as a daily language, whilst 70% of the resident population have some knowledge of Scottish Gaelic (including reading, writing, speaking or a combination of the three). The Gaelic Language is considered to be unstable in the Western Isles,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though there are some efforts to stabilise, including Gaelic medium education and the Gaelic cultural centre and community café, An Taigh Cèilidh, in Stornoway. </p><p>Most of the place names in Lewis and Harris come from <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>. The name "Lewis" is the English spelling of the Scottish Gaelic <i>Leòdhas</i> which comes from the Old Norse <i>Ljóðhús</i>, as Lewis is named in <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> Norwegian maps of the island. Various suggestions have been made as to a Norse meaning such as "song house". The name is not of Gaelic origin, the Norse credentials are questionable and it may have a pre-Celtic root.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_the_arts">Media and the arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Media and the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As well as regularly playing host to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Royal National Mòd</a>, there are annual local <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2d" title="Mòd">mòds</a>. Stornoway Castle Green hosts the annual 3-day <a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Celtic_Festival" title="Hebridean Celtic Festival">Hebridean Celtic Festival</a> in July, attracting over 10,000 visitors. The festival includes events such as <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh" title="Cèilidh">cèilidhs</a>, dances and special concerts featuring storytelling, song and music with performers from all round the Isles and beyond. <i>See also: <a href="/wiki/Sad_Day_We_Left_the_Croft" title="Sad Day We Left the Croft">Sad Day We Left the Croft</a>, a 2007 compilation album</i> </p><p>The radio station <a href="/wiki/Isles_FM" title="Isles FM">Isles FM</a> is based in Stornoway and broadcasts on 103FM, featuring a mixture of Scottish Gaelic and English programming. The town is also home to a studio operated by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a>, and Studio Alba, an independent television studio from where the Scottish Gaelic <a href="/wiki/TV_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="TV channel">TV channel</a> <a href="/wiki/TeleG" title="TeleG">TeleG</a> was broadcast. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Stornoway_Gazette" title="Stornoway Gazette">Stornoway Gazette</a></i> is the main local paper, covering Lewis and beyond and is published weekly. <i>The Hebridean</i> is a sister paper of the Gazette and also provides local coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some community organisations in the rural districts have their own publications with news and features for these particular areas, such as the <i>Rudhach</i> for the Point district.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lewis has been home to, or inspired, many writers, including bestselling contemporary author <a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacNeil" title="Kevin MacNeil">Kevin MacNeil</a>, whose cult novel <i>The Stornoway Way</i> was set in the island's capital. In April 2020, the Isle of Lewis Distillery published a list of 10 recommended books that feature the Outer Hebrides.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parts of the crime/mystery series by author GR Jordan are also set in this area, with the action in <i>Water's Edge</i> and <i>Horror Weekend</i> taking place primarily on the Isle.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewisshinty.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Lewisshinty.PNG/220px-Lewisshinty.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Lewisshinty.PNG/330px-Lewisshinty.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ea/Lewisshinty.PNG 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>Badge of <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Camanachd" title="Lewis Camanachd">Lewis Camanachd</a></figcaption></figure><p>There is a good provision of sporting grounds and sports centres in Lewis. Sports such as <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> are popular: </p><ul><li>Football, which grew in popularity after the first World War, is the most popular amateur sport in Lewis with Goathill Park in Stornoway hosting special matches involving select teams and visiting clubs and other organisations. Local teams currently participate in the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Harris_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis and Harris Football League">Lewis and Harris Football League</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> which was traditionally played in the island as in the rest of the Scottish Gaelic-speaking areas of Scotland, died out by the mid-20th century at the latest. However, it was revived in the 1990s and there is now a strong local club known as <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Camanachd" title="Lewis Camanachd">Lewis Camanachd</a> which competes in national competition.</li> <li>The village of Tong about 2 miles (3 km) from Stornoway plays host to the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Games">Highland Games</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Isles_Strongest_man" title="Western Isles Strongest man">Western Isles Strongest man</a> competition each summer.</li> <li>Attached to the <a href="/wiki/Nicolson_Institute" title="Nicolson Institute">Nicolson Institute</a> School is the Ionad Spors Leòdhais (Lewis Sports Centre), an all-weather pitch and running track.</li> <li>The Lews Castle Grounds is the home of Stornoway <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a> Club (the only 18-hole golf course in the Outer Hebrides).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a> is a very popular pastime in Lewis as there are several good lochs and rivers for fishing.</li> <li>As Lewis is an island, various water sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> are popular activities.</li> <li>Lewis has a terrain very suited to <a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">hillwalking</a>, particularly in Uig and near the <i>border</i> with <a href="/wiki/Harris,_Outer_Hebrides" title="Harris, Outer Hebrides">Harris</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myths_and_legends">Myths and legends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Myths and legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Myths_and_Legends" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebridean Myths and Legends">Hebridean Myths and Legends</a></div> <p>The Isle of Lewis has a rich folklore, including <i><a href="/wiki/Seonaidh" title="Seonaidh">Seonaidh</a></i> – a water-spirit who had to be offered <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a> in the area of <a href="/wiki/Teampull_Mholuaidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Teampull Mholuaidh">Teampull Mholuaidh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ness,_Lewis" title="Ness, Lewis">Ness</a> – and <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_men_of_the_Minch" title="Blue men of the Minch">The Blue Men</a></i> who inhabited the Minch, between Lewis and the <a href="/wiki/Shiant_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiant Isles">Shiants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Gastronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Each year, men from <a href="/wiki/Ness,_Western_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ness, Western Isles">Ness</a> go out to the island of <a href="/wiki/Sula_Sgeir" title="Sula Sgeir">Sula Sgeir</a> in late August for two weeks to harvest young <a href="/wiki/Gannets" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannets">gannets</a> known locally as Guga, which are a local delicacy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px 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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Special:EditPage/Isle of Lewis">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Isle+of+Lewis%22">"Isle of Lewis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Isle+of+Lewis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Isle+of+Lewis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Isle+of+Lewis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Isle+of+Lewis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Isle+of+Lewis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aonghas_Caimbeul" title="Aonghas Caimbeul">Aonghas Caimbeul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> <a href="/wiki/War_poet" class="mw-redirect" title="War poet">war poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POW</a>, and author of the award-winning memoir <i>Suathadh ri Iomadh Rubha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Alistair Darling</a>, Baron Darling of Roulanish, of Great Bernera in the county of Ross and Cromarty,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> and MP for <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Edinburgh Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Edinburgh Central</a>, had a converted <a href="/wiki/Blackhouse" title="Blackhouse">blackhouse</a> at Breaclete and had ancestral links with Great Bernera.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Boyle" title="Kenny Boyle">Kenny Boyle</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Cromore" title="Cromore">Cromore</a>, award winning actor, author, and playwright <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant_Fraser" title="Kenneth Grant Fraser">Kenneth Grant Fraser</a>, pioneer Christian missionary doctor in <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheilagh_M._Kesting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheilagh M. Kesting">Sheilagh M. Kesting</a>, first woman minister to be nominated to be <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B2mhnall_MacAmhlaigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dòmhnall MacAmhlaigh">Dòmhnall MacAmhlaigh</a> professor, scholar, and Scottish Gaelic poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_MacAskill" title="Angus MacAskill">Angus MacAskill</a>, the tallest non-pathological giant in recorded history (7 ft 9 in, or 2.36 m) – born in Berneray and briefly lived in Stornoway before emigrating to Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murdo_Stewart_MacDonald" title="Murdo Stewart MacDonald">Murdo Stewart MacDonald</a> from Great Bernera – Clipper Captain and Lloyds Surveyor of Shipping</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callum_Macdonald" title="Callum Macdonald">Callum Macdonald</a> from Great Bernera – Foremost publisher of Scottish poetry in the 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_MacDonald" title="Cathy MacDonald">Cathy MacDonald</a>, BBC Alba television presenter; comes from Iarsiadar, Uig</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacKay_(journalist)" title="John MacKay (journalist)">John MacKay</a>, anchorman of STV News at 6 Central</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Alexander MacKenzie</a>, explorer, for whom the <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_River" title="Mackenzie River">Mackenzie River</a> in Canada is named</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Mackenzie" title="Colin Mackenzie">Colin Mackenzie</a>, 1st Surveyor-General of India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_MacKenzie_(journalist)" title="Anne MacKenzie (journalist)">Anne MacKenzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> current affairs presenter and radio presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_MacLeod" title="Ken MacLeod">Ken MacLeod</a>, science fiction writer</li> <li><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maighread_Sti%C3%B9bhart" class="extiw" title="gd:Maighread Stiùbhart">Maighread Stiùbhart</a>, Gaelic singer and folklorist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Anne MacLeod">Mary Anne MacLeod</a>, mother of former <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> and current <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">President-elect</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacNeil" title="Kevin MacNeil">Kevin MacNeil</a>, novelist, poet and playwright</li> <li>Donald Macrae, physician, professor of neurology at University of California San Francisco School of Medicine. Awarded the <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Matheson" title="Hans Matheson">Hans Matheson</a>, plays the title role in a television serialisation of <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a>'s novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(novel)" title="Doctor Zhivago (novel)">Doctor Zhivago</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyth_McCormack" title="Alyth McCormack">Alyth McCormack</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Morrison_(musician)" title="Iain Morrison (musician)">Iain Morrison</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Munro_(poet)" title="John Munro (poet)">John Munro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> <a href="/wiki/War_poet" class="mw-redirect" title="War poet">war poet</a> and winner of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Norgrove" class="mw-redirect" title="Linda Norgrove">Linda Norgrove</a>, kidnapped by the Taliban in Afghanistan, and killed in rescue effort</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pink" title="Arthur Pink">Arthur Pink</a>, Christian evangelist and Biblical scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stewart_(MP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Stewart (MP)">Donald Stewart</a>, politician and former President of the Scottish National Party</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Caroline_Stewart-Mackenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisa Caroline Stewart-Mackenzie">Louisa Caroline Stewart-Mackenzie</a> (1827–1903) socialite and art collector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derick_Thomson" title="Derick Thomson">Derick Thomson</a>, Scottish Gaelic poet, from Point, and educated in Stornoway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_White" title="Alasdair White">Alasdair White</a>, musician (Fiddle, Whistle, Pipes, Bouzouki) plays with <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Band" title="Battlefield Band">Battlefield Band</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1046">"Lewis Peatlands"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar</a> Sites Information Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ramsar+Sites+Information+Service&rft.atitle=Lewis+Peatlands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsis.ramsar.org%2Fris%2F1046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/50kGazetteer/126307">"Isle of Lewis/Eilean Leтdhais"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isle+of+Lewis%2FEilean+Le%D1%82dhais&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.ordnancesurvey.co.uk%2Fdoc%2F50kGazetteer%2F126307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Francis (1968) <i>Harris and Lewis</i>. Newton Abbott. David & Charles. Page 15. The sub-totals provided are: Land – 404,184 acres (163,567 ha); inland water – 24,863 acres (10,062 ha); saltmarsh – 230 acres (93 ha); foreshore – 7,775 acres (3,146 ha); tidal water – 150 acres (61 ha).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scottish_Parliament-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scottish_Parliament_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scottish_Parliament_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_Mac_an_Tailleir" class="citation web cs1">Iain Mac an Tailleir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926234316/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesK-O.pdf">"Placenames"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesK-O.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Placenames&rft.pub=P%C3%A0rlamaid+na+h-Alba&rft.au=Iain+Mac+an+Tailleir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish.parliament.uk%2Fvli%2Flanguage%2Fgaelic%2Fpdfs%2FplacenamesK-O.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/W.H._Murray" class="mw-redirect" title="W.H. Murray">Murray, W.H.</a> (1966) <i>The Hebrides</i>. London. Heinemann. p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131127115218/http://romanmap.com/htm/nomina/insula/Eirimon.htm">"binäre optionen partnerprogramm – romanmap.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanmap.com/htm/nomina/insula/Eirimon.htm">the original</a> on 27 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=bin%C3%A4re+optionen+partnerprogramm+%E2%80%93+romanmap.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanmap.com%2Fhtm%2Fnomina%2Finsula%2FEirimon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history1_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Macdonald, D. (1978). <i>Lewis: A History of the Island</i>. Edinburgh: Gordon Wright</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017033104/http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/factfile/cultureheritage/history/index.htm">"Heritage History Factfile"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/factfile/cultureheritage/history/index.htm">the original</a> on 17 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+History+Factfile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cne-siar.gov.uk%2Ffactfile%2Fcultureheritage%2Fhistory%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pankhurst R.J. & Mullin, J.M. (1991) <i>Flora of the Outer Hebrides</i>, London: HMSO</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bubl.ac.uk/org/tacit/marilyns/region24.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222065105/http://bubl.ac.uk/org/tacit/marilyns/region24.htm">Archived</a> 22 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/protected-areas/national-designations/nsa/">"National Scenic Areas"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170311014235/http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/protected-areas/national-designations/nsa/">Archived</a> 11 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. SNH. Retrieved 30 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snhsitelink-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snhsitelink_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snhsitelink_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gateway.snh.gov.uk/natural-spaces/">"Natural Spaces - Scottish Natural Heritage"</a>. <i>gateway.snh.gov.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gateway.snh.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Natural+Spaces+-+Scottish+Natural+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgateway.snh.gov.uk%2Fnatural-spaces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.nls.uk/gallery/">"Digital gallery - National Library of Scotland"</a>. <i>digital.nls.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.nls.uk&rft.atitle=Digital+gallery+-+National+Library+of+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.nls.uk%2Fgallery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911_Lewis_with_Harris-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1911_Lewis_with_Harris_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911_Lewis_with_Harris_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lewis-with-Harris"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lewis-with-Harris">"Lewis-with-Harris" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 525–526.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lewis-with-Harris&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=525-526&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkStewartWright2003" class="citation book cs1">Park, R.G.; Stewart, A.D.; Wright, D.T. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObdepEp9r7kC&pg=PA45">"3. The Hebridean terrane"</a>. In Trewin N.H. (ed.). <i>The Geology of Scotland</i>. London: Geological Society. pp. 45–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86239-126-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86239-126-0"><bdi>978-1-86239-126-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.+The+Hebridean+terrane&rft.btitle=The+Geology+of+Scotland&rft.place=London&rft.pages=45-61&rft.pub=Geological+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-86239-126-0&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=R.G.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+A.D.&rft.au=Wright%2C+D.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObdepEp9r7kC%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteelWilson1975" class="citation journal cs1">Steel, Ronald J.; Wilson, Alan C. (1 April 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jgs.geoscienceworld.org/content/131/2/183">"Sedimentation and tectonism (?Permo-Triassic) on the margin of the North Minch Basin, Lewis"</a>. <i>Journal of the Geological Society</i>. <b>131</b> (2): 183–200. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975JGSoc.131..183S">1975JGSoc.131..183S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2Fgsjgs.131.2.0183">10.1144/gsjgs.131.2.0183</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129036870">129036870</a> – via jgs.geoscienceworld.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Geological+Society&rft.atitle=Sedimentation+and+tectonism+%28%3FPermo-Triassic%29+on+the+margin+of+the+North+Minch+Basin%2C+Lewis&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=183-200&rft.date=1975-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129036870%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2Fgsjgs.131.2.0183&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1975JGSoc.131..183S&rft.aulast=Steel&rft.aufirst=Ronald+J.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Alan+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjgs.geoscienceworld.org%2Fcontent%2F131%2F2%2F183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebwx.co.uk/wxtempsummary.php?">"Hebrides Weather - Temperature Summary Reports"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hebrides+Weather+-+Temperature+Summary+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebwx.co.uk%2Fwxtempsummary.php%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitouterhebrides.co.uk/see-and-do/nature/bird-of-prey-trail/birds-of-prey/white-tailed-eagle">"White-tailed Eagle"</a>. <i>Visit Outer Hebrides</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ordinariate.scot&rft.atitle=Stornoway+-+Ordinariate+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordinariate.scot%2Fstornoway.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/britain/2018/05/19/britains-rural-muslims-are-a-minority-within-a-minority">Britain's rural Muslims are a minority within a minority</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, 17 May 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeek2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Meek, Noel (November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewire.co.uk/in-writing/the-portal/noel-meek-explores-the-sights-and-sounds-of-gaelic-psalm-singing">"Noel Meek explores the sights and sounds of Scottish Gaelic psalm singing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(magazine)" title="The Wire (magazine)">The Wire</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Noel+Meek+explores+the+sights+and+sounds+of+Scottish+Gaelic+psalm+singing&rft.date=2016-11&rft.aulast=Meek&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewire.co.uk%2Fin-writing%2Fthe-portal%2Fnoel-meek-explores-the-sights-and-sounds-of-gaelic-psalm-singing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03t1dmf">"Gaelic Psalm: The congregation of Back Free Church, Isle of Lewis"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 6 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lews.uhi.ac.uk/centres/index.html">the original</a> on 14 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lews+Castle+College+%E2%80%93+Learning+Centres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lews.uhi.ac.uk%2Fcentres%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204162141/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/dateien/Gaidhlig_Local_Studies_Vol_15_Steornabhagh_Ed_II.pdf">"Linguae-Celticae.Org"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linguae-Celticae.Org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linguae-celticae.org%2Fdateien%2FGaidhlig_Local_Studies_Vol_15_Steornabhagh_Ed_II.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConchúr_Ó_Giollagáin,_Gòrdan_Camshron,_Pàdruig_Moireach,_Brian_Ó_Curnáin,_Iain_Caimbeul,_Brian_MacDonald_and_Tamás_Péterváry2020" class="citation book cs1">Conchúr Ó Giollagáin, Gòrdan Camshron, Pàdruig Moireach, Brian Ó Curnáin, Iain Caimbeul, Brian MacDonald and Tamás Péterváry (2020). <i>The Gaelic Crisis in the Vernacular Community</i>. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857520804" title="Special:BookSources/9781857520804"><bdi>9781857520804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gaelic+Crisis+in+the+Vernacular+Community&rft.place=Aberdeen&rft.pub=Aberdeen+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781857520804&rft.au=Conch%C3%BAr+%C3%93+Giollag%C3%A1in%2C+G%C3%B2rdan+Camshron%2C+P%C3%A0druig+Moireach%2C+Brian+%C3%93+Curn%C3%A1in%2C+Iain+Caimbeul%2C+Brian+MacDonald+and+Tam%C3%A1s+P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1ry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gammeltoft, Peder "Scandinavian Naming-Systems in the Hebrides – A Way of Understanding how the Scandinavians were in Contact with Gaels and Picts?" in Ballin Smith <i>et al.</i> (2007) p. 487</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mac an Tàilleir (2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jptalk.co.uk/termsandconditions.aspx">Johnston Press – Publishers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113001054/http://www.jptalk.co.uk/termsandconditions.aspx">Archived</a> 13 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudhach.com/">"rudhach.com"</a>. <i>www.rudhach.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rudhach.com&rft.atitle=rudhach.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudhach.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212083008/http://www.breasclete.com/Community_Newsletter.html">"– Breasclete Community Newspaper"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breasclete.com/Community_Newsletter.html">the original</a> on 12 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E2%80%93+Breasclete+Community+Newspaper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breasclete.com%2FCommunity_Newsletter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harrisdistillery.com/blogs/journal/10-books-to-connect-you-to-harris">"10 Books to connect you to Harris"</a>. <i>Harris Distillery</i>. 24 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harris+Distillery&rft.atitle=10+Books+to+connect+you+to+Harris&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharrisdistillery.com%2Fblogs%2Fjournal%2F10-books-to-connect-you-to-harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/48927111-water-s-edge">"Water's Edge, Highlands & Islands Detective 1"</a>. <i>Goodreads</i>. 6 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Goodreads&rft.atitle=Water%27s+Edge%2C+Highlands+%26+Islands+Detective+1&rft.date=2020-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F48927111-water-s-edge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/52212606-the-horror-weekend">"The Horror Weekend, Highlands & Islands Detective 3"</a>. <i>Goodreads</i>. 22 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Goodreads&rft.atitle=The+Horror+Weekend%2C+Highlands+%26+Islands+Detective+3&rft.date=2020-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F52212606-the-horror-weekend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/tsm/tsm08.htm">"Wonder Tales from Scottish Myth and Legend: Chapter V. Nimble Men, Blue Men, and Green Ladies"</a>. <i>www.sacred-texts.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sacred-texts.com&rft.atitle=Wonder+Tales+from+Scottish+Myth+and+Legend%3A+Chapter+V.+Nimble+Men%2C+Blue+Men%2C+and+Green+Ladies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fneu%2Fcelt%2Ftsm%2Ftsm08.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald Black (1999), <i>An Tuil: Anthology of 20th century Scottish Gaelic Verse</i>, pg. 757.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chathamhouse.org/about/governance/rt-hon-lord-darling">"The Rt Hon Lord Darling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">Chatham House</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chatham+House&rft.atitle=The+Rt+Hon+Lord+Darling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chathamhouse.org%2Fabout%2Fgovernance%2Frt-hon-lord-darling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngus_Howarth2004" class="citation news cs1">Angus Howarth (20 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130202010251/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland.cfm?id=1102332004">"Darling hit with holiday home tax"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland.cfm?id=1102332004">the original</a> on 2 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Darling+hit+with+holiday+home+tax&rft.date=2004-03-20&rft.au=Angus+Howarth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthescotsman.scotsman.com%2Fscotland.cfm%3Fid%3D1102332004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/lifestyle/christmas/is-kenny-the-first-cromore-actor-3049561">"Is Kenny The First Cromore Actor?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Kenny+The+First+Cromore+Actor%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stornowaygazette.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Fchristmas%2Fis-kenny-the-first-cromore-actor-3049561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stolinsky.com/2018/06/18/my-story-part-2/">"My Story: Part 2: Stolinsky | Conservative Political & Social Commentary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+Story%3A+Part+2%3A+Stolinsky+%26%23124%3B+Conservative+Political+%26+Social+Commentary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stolinsky.com%2F2018%2F06%2F18%2Fmy-story-part-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb5f59n9gs;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00024&toc.depth=1&toc.id=&brand=calisphere">"Donald Macrae, Neurology: San Francisco"</a>. <i>Calisphere</i>. University of California<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Calisphere&rft.atitle=Donald+Macrae%2C+Neurology%3A+San+Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftexts.cdlib.org%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dhb5f59n9gs%3BNAAN%3D13030%26doc.view%3Dframes%26chunk.id%3Ddiv00024%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3D%26brand%3Dcalisphere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Ballin Smith, Beverley; Taylor, Simon; and Williams, Gareth (2007) <i>West over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300</i>. Leiden. Brill.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaswell-Smith2004" class="citation book cs1">Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bXFwKl5gVqwC"><i>The Scottish Islands</i></a>. Edinburgh: Canongate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84195-454-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84195-454-7"><bdi>978-1-84195-454-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Islands&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Canongate&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84195-454-7&rft.aulast=Haswell-Smith&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXFwKl5gVqwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_Mac_an_Tàilleir2003" class="citation web cs1">Iain Mac an Tàilleir (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110923125128/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesA-B.pdf">"Placenames"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesA-B.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Placenames&rft.pub=P%C3%A0rlamaid+na+h-Alba&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Iain+Mac+an+T%C3%A0illeir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish.parliament.uk%2Fvli%2Flanguage%2Fgaelic%2Fpdfs%2FplacenamesA-B.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Thompson, Francis (1968) <i>Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides</i>. Newton Abbot. David & Charles. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-4260-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-4260-6">0-7153-4260-6</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Lewis&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Isle of Lewis</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Isle_of_Lewis" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Isle of Lewis">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isle_of_Lewis" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Isle of Lewis">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Isle_of_Lewis" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Isle of Lewis">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Isle_of_Lewis" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Isle of Lewis">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Isle_of_Lewis" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Isle of Lewis">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Isle_of_Lewis" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Isle of Lewis">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Isle_of_Lewis" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Isle of Lewis">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lewis#Q6453423" class="extiw" title="voy:Lewis">Lewis</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-lewis.com/">Visitor's guide for the Isle of Lewis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebrides.ca/">hebrides.ca</a> Home of the Quebec-Hebridean Scots who were cleared from Lewis to Quebec 1838–1920s</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/">Website</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Comhairle_nan_Eilean_Siar" title="Comhairle nan Eilean Siar">Western Isles Council</a> with links to other resources</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050405073200/http://www.robinwilson.net/lewis.html">Panoramas of the Island</a> (QuickTime required)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5205430.stm">Wind power dilemma for Lewis </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spanglefish.com/AccessLewis/">Disabled access to Lewis for residents and visitors</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lewis-with-Harris"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lewis-with-Harris">"Lewis-with-Harris" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 525–526.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lewis-with-Harris&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=525-526&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Lewis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isleoflewischessset.co.uk/">Dedicated Isle of Lewis Chessmen Website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lewis_and_Harris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lewis_and_Harris" title="Template:Lewis and Harris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lewis_and_Harris" title="Template talk:Lewis and Harris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lewis_and_Harris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lewis and Harris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lewis_and_Harris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Harris" title="Lewis and Harris">Lewis and Harris</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inhabited islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lewis</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Harris,_Outer_Hebrides" title="Harris, Outer Hebrides">Harris</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bernera" title="Great Bernera">Great Bernera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalpay,_Outer_Hebrides" title="Scalpay, Outer Hebrides">Scalpay</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg/50px-Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg/75px-Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg/100px-Western_Isles_Council_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/50px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/75px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayble_Island" title="Bayble Island">Bayble Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilean_Chaluim_Chille" title="Eilean Chaluim Chille">Eilean Chaluim Chille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilean_Chearstaidh" title="Eilean Chearstaidh">Eilean Chearstaidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilean_Liubhaird" title="Eilean Liubhaird">Eilean Liubhaird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilean_Mhealasta" title="Eilean Mhealasta">Eilean Mhealasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensay_(Outer_Hebrides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensay (Outer Hebrides)">Ensay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuaigh_Beag" title="Fuaigh Beag">Fuaigh Beag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuaigh_M%C3%B2r" title="Fuaigh Mòr">Fuaigh Mòr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasker" title="Gasker">Gasker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetray" title="Hermetray">Hermetray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killegray" title="Killegray">Killegray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Rona" title="North Rona">North Rona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabbay,_Harris" title="Pabbay, Harris">Pabbay of Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabaigh_M%C3%B2r" title="Pabaigh Mòr">Pabaigh Mòr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarp,_Scotland" title="Scarp, Scotland">Scarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaforth_Island" title="Seaforth Island">Seaforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgeotasaigh" title="Sgeotasaigh">Sgeotasaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soay_Beag" title="Soay Beag">Soay Beag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soay_M%C3%B2r" title="Soay Mòr">Soay Mòr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockinish_Island" title="Stockinish Island">Stockinish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sula_Sgeir" title="Sula Sgeir">Sula Sgeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taransay" title="Taransay">Taransay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacsay" title="Vacsay">Vacsay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Stornoway" title="Stornoway">Stornoway</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adabroc" title="Adabroc">Adabroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aignish" title="Aignish">Aignish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aird,_Lewis" title="Aird, Lewis">Aird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardroil" title="Ardroil">Ardroil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnol" title="Arnol">Arnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baile_an_Truiseil" title="Baile an Truiseil">Baile an Truiseil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balallan" title="Balallan">Balallan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barvas" title="Barvas">Barvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayble" title="Bayble">Bayble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borrowston,_Lewis" title="Borrowston, Lewis">Borghastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsham" title="Borsham">Borsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borve,_Harris" title="Borve, Harris">Borve, Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borve,_Lewis" title="Borve, Lewis">Borve, Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragar" title="Bragar">Bragar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branahuie" title="Branahuie">Branahuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaclete" title="Breaclete">Breaclete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breasclete" title="Breasclete">Breasclete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breivig" title="Breivig">Breivig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenish" title="Brenish">Brenish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brue" title="Brue">Brue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabharstadh" title="Cabharstadh">Cabharstadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calbost" title="Calbost">Calbost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callanish" title="Callanish">Callanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloway" title="Carloway">Carloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coll,_Lewis" title="Coll, Lewis">Coll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross,_Lewis" title="Cross, Lewis">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eorodale" title="Eorodale">Eorodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoropie" title="Eoropie">Eoropie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fivepenny" title="Fivepenny">Fivepenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flesherin" title="Flesherin">Flesherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garenin" title="Garenin">Garenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrabost" title="Garrabost">Garrabost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravir" title="Gravir">Gravir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gress" title="Gress">Gress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habost" title="Habost">Habost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holm,_Lewis" title="Holm, Lewis">Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushinish" title="Hushinish">Hushinish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knock,_Isle_of_Lewis" title="Knock, Isle of Lewis">Knock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxdale" title="Laxdale">Laxdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leurbost" title="Leurbost">Leurbost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverburgh" title="Leverburgh">Leverburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel,_Lewis" title="Lionel, Lewis">Lionel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingarabay" title="Lingarabay">Lingarabay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marybank,_Lewis" title="Marybank, Lewis">Marybank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbost" title="Melbost">Melbost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tolsta" title="New Tolsta">New Tolsta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newmarket,_Lewis" title="Newmarket, Lewis">Newmarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newvalley,_Lewis" title="Newvalley, Lewis">Newvalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dell" title="North Dell">North Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinsay" title="Orinsay">Orinsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkend,_Lewis" title="Parkend, Lewis">Parkend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portnaguran" title="Portnaguran">Portnaguran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portvoller" title="Portvoller">Portvoller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8inigeadal" title="Rèinigeadal">Rèinigeadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodel" title="Rodel">Rodel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawbost" title="Shawbost">Shawbost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skigersta" title="Skigersta">Skigersta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulishader" title="Shulishader">Shulishader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dell" title="South Dell">South Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Galson" title="South Galson">South Galson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swainbost" title="Swainbost">Swainbost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbert,_Harris" title="Tarbert, Harris">Tarbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolsta_Chaolais" title="Tolsta Chaolais">Tolsta Chaolais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timsgarry" title="Timsgarry">Timsgarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong,_Lewis" title="Tong, Lewis">Tong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back,_Lewis" title="Back, Lewis">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness,_Lewis" title="Ness, Lewis">Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lochs" title="North Lochs">North Lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park,_Lewis" title="Park, Lewis">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point,_Lewis" title="Point, Lewis">Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uig,_Lewis" title="Uig, Lewis">Uig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side,_Lewis" title="West Side, Lewis">West Side</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographical features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butt_of_Lewis" title="Butt of Lewis">Butt of Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clisham" title="Clisham">Clisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Minch" title="The Minch">The Minch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilean_Glas,_Scalpay" title="Eilean Glas, Scalpay">Eilean Glas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_Stones" title="Callanish Stones">Callanish Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clach_an_Trushal" title="Clach an Trushal">Clach an Trushal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steinacleit" title="Steinacleit">Steinacleit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun_Carloway" title="Dun Carloway">Dun Carloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B9n_%C3%88istean" title="Dùn Èistean">Dùn Èistean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lews_Castle" title="Lews Castle">Lews Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement%27s_Church,_Rodel" title="St Clement's Church, Rodel">St Clement's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teampall_Mholuaidh" title="Teampall Mholuaidh">Teampall Mholuaidh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inhabited_islands_of_the_Hebrides" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hebrides" title="Template:Hebrides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hebrides" title="Template talk:Hebrides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hebrides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hebrides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inhabited_islands_of_the_Hebrides" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited islands of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner Hebrides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canna,_Scotland" title="Canna, Scotland">Canna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coll" title="Coll">Coll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonsay" title="Colonsay">Colonsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Danna" title="Island of Danna">Danna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigg" title="Eigg">Eigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilean_d%C3%A0_Mh%C3%A8inn" title="Eilean dà Mhèinn">Eilean dà Mhèinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilean_Shona" title="Eilean Shona">Eilean Shona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Tioram" title="Castle Tioram">Eilean Tioram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erraid" title="Erraid">Erraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigha" title="Gigha">Gigha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gometra" title="Gometra">Gometra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islay" title="Islay">Islay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Ewe" title="Isle of Ewe">Isle of Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura,_Scotland" title="Jura, Scotland">Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrera" title="Kerrera">Kerrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lismore,_Scotland" title="Lismore, Scotland">Lismore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muck,_Scotland" title="Muck, Scotland">Muck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Mull" title="Isle of Mull">Mull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oronsay,_Colonsay" title="Oronsay, Colonsay">Oronsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raasay" title="Raasay">Raasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanday,_Inner_Hebrides" title="Sanday, Inner Hebrides">Sanday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalpay,_Inner_Hebrides" title="Scalpay, Inner Hebrides">Scalpay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Rona" title="South Rona">Rona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B9m" title="Rùm">Rùm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Skye</a></li> <li>Slate Islands: (<a href="/wiki/Easdale" title="Easdale">Easdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luing" title="Luing">Luing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seil" title="Seil">Seil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shuna,_Slate_Islands" title="Shuna, Slate Islands">Shuna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soay,_Inner_Hebrides" title="Soay, Inner Hebrides">Soay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Isles" title="Summer Isles">Summer Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiree" title="Tiree">Tiree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulva" title="Ulva">Ulva</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hebridesmap.png/80px-Hebridesmap.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hebridesmap.png/120px-Hebridesmap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hebridesmap.png/160px-Hebridesmap.png 2x" data-file-width="935" data-file-height="1450" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baleshare" title="Baleshare">Baleshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barra" title="Barra">Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benbecula" title="Benbecula">Benbecula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berneray_(North_Uist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berneray (North Uist)">Berneray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriskay" title="Eriskay">Eriskay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flodaigh" title="Flodaigh">Flodaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraoch-Eilean" title="Fraoch-Eilean">Fraoch-eilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bernera" title="Great Bernera">Great Bernera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimsay" title="Grimsay">Grimsay (North)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimsay_(South_East_Benbecula)" title="Grimsay (South East Benbecula)">Grimsay (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Harris" title="Lewis and Harris">Lewis and Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Uist" title="North Uist">North Uist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalpay,_Outer_Hebrides" title="Scalpay, Outer Hebrides">Scalpay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Uist" title="South Uist">South Uist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatersay" title="Vatersay">Vatersay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traditional_provinces_and_districts_of_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scottish_provinces" title="Template:Scottish provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scottish_provinces" title="Template talk:Scottish provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditional_provinces_and_districts_of_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Scotland" title="Provinces of Scotland">Traditional provinces and districts of Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_districts_(former_counties,_provincial_lordships_and_rural_deaneries)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major districts (former counties, <a href="/wiki/Provincial_lordships" title="Provincial lordships">provincial lordships</a> and rural deaneries)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Aird" title="The Aird">The Aird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annandale,_Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Annandale, Dumfries and Galloway">Annandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus,_Scotland" title="Angus, Scotland">Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyll" title="Argyll">Argyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholl" title="Atholl">Atholl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boyne,_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boyne, Scotland (page does not exist)">Boyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchan" title="Buchan">Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badenoch" title="Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadalbane,_Scotland" title="Breadalbane, Scotland">Breadalbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrick,_Scotland" title="Carrick, Scotland">Carrick</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire" title="Lanarkshire">Lanark</a> (or Clydesdale)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowal" title="Cowal">Cowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunninghame" title="Cunninghame">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkcudbrightshire" title="Kirkcudbrightshire">Desnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskdale_(Scotland)" title="Eskdale (Scotland)">Eskdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machars" title="Machars">Farines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fothriff" title="Fothriff">Fothriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloway" title="Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garioch" title="Garioch">Garioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmoran" title="Garmoran">Garmoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glenkens" title="The Glenkens">The Glenkens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowrie" title="Gowrie">Gowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintyre" title="Kintyre">Kintyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knapdale" title="Knapdale">Knapdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle,_Ayrshire" title="Kyle, Ayrshire">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauderdale" title="Lauderdale">Lauderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lennox" title="The Lennox">Lennox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liddesdale" title="Liddesdale">Liddesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochaber" title="Lochaber">Lochaber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorne,_Scotland" title="Lorne, Scotland">Lorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marr,_Scotland" title="Marr, Scotland">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincardineshire" title="Kincardineshire">Mearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menteith" title="Menteith">Menteith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berwickshire" title="Berwickshire">Merse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Moray" title="Province of Moray">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nithsdale" title="Nithsdale">Nithsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhins_of_Galloway" title="Rhins of Galloway">The Rhinns</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ross,_Scotland" title="Ross, Scotland">Ross</a> (<a href="/wiki/Easter_Ross" title="Easter Ross">Easter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wester_Ross" title="Wester Ross">Wester</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormont,_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stormont, Scotland (page does not exist)">Stormont</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strathavon,_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strathavon, Scotland (page does not exist)">Strathavon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathbogie,_Scotland" title="Strathbogie, Scotland">Strathbogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathearn" title="Strathearn">Strathearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathgryffe" title="Strathgryffe">Strathgryfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathnaver" title="Strathnaver">Strathnaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathspey,_Scotland" title="Strathspey, Scotland">Strathspey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland" title="Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxburghshire" title="Roxburghshire">Teviotdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweeddale" title="Tweeddale">Tweeddale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Minor_districts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Minor districts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applecross" title="Applecross">Applecross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appin" title="Appin">Appin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardgour" title="Ardgour">Ardgour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardmeanach" title="Ardmeanach">Ardmeanach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardnamurchan" title="Ardnamurchan">Ardnamurchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assynt" title="Assynt">Assynt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avondale,_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avondale, Scotland (page does not exist)">Avondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balquhidder" title="Balquhidder">Balquhidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benderloch" title="Benderloch">Benderloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Isle" title="Black Isle">The Black Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braemar" title="Braemar">Braemar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coigach" title="Coigach">Coigach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromar" title="Cromar">Cromar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromdale" title="Cromdale">Cromdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Water" title="Douglas Water">Douglasdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durness" title="Durness">Durness</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B9thaich_MhicAoidh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dùthaich MhicAoidh (page does not exist)">Dùthaich MhicAoidh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddrachilles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddrachilles (page does not exist)">Eddrachilles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enzie (page does not exist)">Enzie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ettrickdale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ettrickdale (page does not exist)">Ettrickdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewesdale" title="Ewesdale">Ewesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formartine" title="Formartine">Formartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gairloch" title="Gairloch">Gairloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Glen" title="Great Glen">Glen Albyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glen_Almond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glen Almond (page does not exist)">Glen Almond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glen_Cassley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glen Cassley (page does not exist)">Glen Cassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Clova" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Clova">Glen Clova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Dochart" title="Glen Dochart">Glen Dochart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_North_Esk,_Angus#Glen_Esk" title="River North Esk, Angus">Glen Esk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Lethnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Lethnot">Glen Lethnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Lyon" title="Glen Lyon">Glen Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenmoriston" title="Glenmoriston">Glen Moriston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Orchy" title="Glen Orchy">Glen Orchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Prosen" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Prosen">Glen Prosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Spean" title="River Spean">Glen Spean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Urquhart" title="Glen Urquhart">Glen Urquhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenelg,_Highland" title="Glenelg, Highland">Glenelg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glengarry,_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glengarry, Scotland (page does not exist)">Glengarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Shee" title="Glen Shee">Glenshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruinard_Island" title="Gruinard Island">Gruinard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife#Geography" title="Fife">Howe of Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howe_of_the_Mearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Howe of the Mearns">Howe of the Mearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintail" title="Kintail">Kintail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintyre" title="Kintyre">Kintyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoydart" title="Knoydart">Knoydart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochalsh" title="Lochalsh">Lochalsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Broom" title="Loch Broom">Loch Broom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locheil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locheil (page does not exist)">Locheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machars" title="Machars">The Machars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midmar" title="Midmar">Midmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moidart" title="Moidart">Moidart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morar" title="Morar">Morar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvern" title="Morvern">Morvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muir_of_Ord" title="Muir of Ord">Muir of Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rannoch_Moor" title="Rannoch Moor">Rannoch Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinns_of_Kells" title="Rhinns of Kells">Rhinns of Kells</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strath_Gartney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strath Gartney (page does not exist)">Strath Gartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strath_of_Kildonan" title="Strath of Kildonan">Strath of Kildonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Oykel" title="River Oykel">Strath Oykel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathtay" title="Strathtay">Strath Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathallan" title="Strathallan">Strathallan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ardle" title="River Ardle">Strathardle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strathbran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strathbran (page does not exist)">Strathbran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strathbraan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strathbraan (page does not exist)">Strathbraan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strathcarron,_Falkirk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strathcarron, Falkirk (page does not exist)">Strathcarron (Forth)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strathcarron,_Ross_and_Cromarty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strathcarron, Ross and Cromarty (page does not exist)">Strathcarron (Oykel)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strathconon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strathconon (page does not exist)">Strathconon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathdearn" class="mw-redirect" title="Strathdearn">Strathdearn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strathdeveron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strathdeveron (page does not exist)">Strathdeveron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Aberdeenshire#Strathdee" title="River Dee, Aberdeenshire">Strathdee</a> (Deeside)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathdon" title="Strathdon">Strathdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Strathfarrar" title="Glen Strathfarrar">Strathfarrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathglass" title="Strathglass">Strathglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Isla,_Moray" title="River Isla, Moray">Strathisla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Strathmore" title="Valley of Strathmore">Strathmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathyre" title="Strathyre">Strathyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunart" title="Sunart">Sunart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trossachs" title="Trossachs">Trossachs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Insular_districtsFor_smaller_islands,_usually_districts_in_their_own_right,_see_List_of_Scottish_islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Insular districts<br /><small>For smaller islands, usually districts in their own right, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">List of Scottish islands</a></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_the_Clyde" title="Islands of the Clyde">Islands of the Clyde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Arran" title="Isle of Arran">Arran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cumbraes" title="The Cumbraes">Cumbrae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islay" title="Islay">Islay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Oa" title="The Oa">The Oa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinns_of_Islay" title="Rinns of Islay">Rinns of Islay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Mull" title="Isle of Mull">Mull</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aros,_Mull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aros, Mull (page does not exist)">Aros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_of_Mull" title="Ross of Mull">Ross of Mull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Skye</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duirinish,_Skye" title="Duirinish, Skye">Duirinish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minginish" title="Minginish">Minginish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleat" title="Sleat">Sleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotternish" title="Trotternish">Trotternish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waternish" title="Waternish">Waternish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harris,_Outer_Hebrides" title="Harris, Outer Hebrides">Harris</a> (North Harris, South Harris)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lewis</a> (The Lochs, West Side, Point, Back)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland,_Orkney" title="Mainland, Orkney">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoy,_Orkney" title="Hoy, Orkney">Hoy and Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rousay" title="Rousay">Rousay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapinsay" title="Shapinsay">Shapinsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ronaldsay" title="South Ronaldsay">South Ronaldsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westray" title="Westray">Westray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland,_Shetland" title="Mainland, Shetland">Mainland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Mainland" title="Central Mainland">Central Mainland</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Mainland" title="North Mainland">North Mainland</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Mainland" title="South Mainland">South Mainland</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Mainland" title="West Mainland">West Mainland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetlar" title="Fetlar">Fetlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whalsay" title="Whalsay">Whalsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yell,_Shetland" title="Yell, Shetland">Yell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Isles" title="North Isles">North Isles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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