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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_Mission&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn Mission">Dawn Mission</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox 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.ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style>Dawn is a retired <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probe</a> that was launched by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known <a href="/wiki/Protoplanet" title="Protoplanet">protoplanets</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a>: <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180907-1">[1]</a> In the fulfillment of that mission—the ninth in NASA's <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery Program</a>—Dawn entered orbit around Vesta on July 16, 2011, and completed a 14-month survey mission before leaving for Ceres in late 2012.<a href="#cite_note-5SepDepart-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aug262012-12">[12]</a> It entered orbit around Ceres on March 6, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150306-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rayman2015.03.06-14">[14]</a> In 2017, NASA announced that the planned nine-year mission would be extended until the probe's <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">hydrazine</a> fuel supply was depleted.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20171019-15">[15]</a> On November 1, 2018, NASA announced that Dawn had depleted its hydrazine, and the mission was ended. The derelict probe remains in a stable orbit around Ceres.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Dawn</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn_spacecraft_model.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dawn_spacecraft_model.png/300px-Dawn_spacecraft_model.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dawn_spacecraft_model.png/450px-Dawn_spacecraft_model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dawn_spacecraft_model.png/600px-Dawn_spacecraft_model.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="804"></a><div class="infobox-caption">Illustration of the Dawn spacecraft</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> orbiter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-043A">2007-043A</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48558#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">32249</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/dawn/">science.nasa.gov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">11 years, 1 month and 5 days <a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180907-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-GSpaceTimeline-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Sciences_Corporation" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation">Orbital Sciences</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1,217.7 kg (2,684.6 lb)<a href="#cite_note-ceres.press.kit-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">747.1 kg (1,647.1 lb)<a href="#cite_note-ceres.press.kit-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">1.64 × 19.7 × 1.77 m (5.4 × 65 × 5.8 ft)<a href="#cite_note-ceres.press.kit-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">10 kW at 1 AU<a href="#cite_note-ceres.press.kit-4">[4]</a> 1.3 kW at 3 AU<a href="#cite_note-Rayman_2006_605%E2%80%93616-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">September 27, 2007, 11:34 (2007-09-27UTC11:34) UTC<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a> 7925H D-327</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17">SLC-17B</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disposal</th><td class="infobox-data">Decommissioned</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last contact</th><td class="infobox-data">October 30, 2018<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181101-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decay date</th><td class="infobox-data">~2038<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180906-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Highly_elliptical_orbit" title="Highly elliptical orbit">Highly elliptical</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-major axis">Semi-major axis</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,475.1356 km (1,537.9780 mi)<a href="#cite_note-horizonseph-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.7952 <a href="#cite_note-horizonseph-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Periapsis altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">37.004 km (22.993 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apoapsis altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,973.866 km (2,469.246 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">76.1042° <a href="#cite_note-horizonseph-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,628.68 minutes<a href="#cite_note-horizonseph-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">RAAN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−79.4891° <a href="#cite_note-horizonseph-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of periapsis</a></th><td class="infobox-data">164.1014° <a href="#cite_note-horizonseph-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">October 30, 2018, 00:00:00 UTC<a href="#cite_note-horizonseph-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Flyby of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closest approach</th><td class="infobox-data">February 18, 2009, 00:27:58 UTC<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance</th><td class="infobox-data">542 km (337 mi)<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-6">[6]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a> orbiter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital insertion</th><td class="infobox-data">July 16, 2011, 04:47 UTC<a href="#cite_note-nasa20110801-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital departure</th><td class="infobox-data">September 5, 2012, 06:26 UTC<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-6">[6]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">1 Ceres</a> orbiter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital insertion</th><td class="infobox-data">March 6, 2015, 12:29 UTC<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:95%">Instruments</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">FC</th><td class="infobox-data">Framing Camera</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">VIR</th><td class="infobox-data">Visible and Infrared Spectrometer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GRaND</th><td class="infobox-data">Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Dawn_logo.png/160px-Dawn_logo.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Dawn_logo.png/240px-Dawn_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Dawn_logo.png/320px-Dawn_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1570"></a> Dawn mission patch <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery program">Discovery program</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Dawn is the first spacecraft to have orbited two extraterrestrial bodies,<a href="#cite_note-siliconvalleyastrolecture-17">[17]</a> the first spacecraft to have visited either Vesta or Ceres, and the first to have orbited a dwarf planet.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The Dawn mission was managed by NASA's <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>, with spacecraft components contributed by European partners from Italy, Germany, France, and the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-amspace20171008-19">[19]</a> It was the first NASA exploratory mission to use <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">ion propulsion</a>, which enabled it to enter and leave the orbit of two celestial bodies. Previous multi-target missions using rockets powered by <a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">chemical engines</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager program</a>, were restricted to <a href="/wiki/Planetary_flyby" title="Planetary flyby">flybys</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rayman_2006_605%E2%80%93616-5">[5]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Project_history">1 Project history</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Technological_background">1.1 Technological background</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Discovery_Program_selection">1.2 Discovery Program selection</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Cancellation_and_reinstatement">1.3 Cancellation and reinstatement</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Scientific_background">2 Scientific background</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Objectives">3 Objectives</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Instruments">4 Instruments</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Specifications">5 Specifications</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Dimensions">5.1 Dimensions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Propulsion_system">5.2 Propulsion system</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Outreach_microchip">5.3 Outreach microchip</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Mission_summary">6 Mission summary</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Launch_preparations">6.1 Launch preparations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Launch">6.2 Launch</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Transit_to_Vesta">6.3 Transit to Vesta</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Vesta_approach">6.4 Vesta approach</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Vesta_orbit">6.5 Vesta orbit</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Transit_to_Ceres">6.6 Transit to Ceres</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Ceres_approach">6.7 Ceres approach</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Ceres_orbit">6.8 Ceres orbit</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Mission_conclusion">7 Mission conclusion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Media">8 Media</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#High-resolution_image">8.1 High-resolution image</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Ceres_atlas_images">8.2 Ceres atlas images</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Maps_of_Ceres">8.3 Maps of Ceres</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Flyover_videos">8.4 Flyover videos</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Project_history">Project history</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Project history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technological_background">Technological background</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technological background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg/150px-SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2954" data-file-height="2360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg/150px-SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg/225px-SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg/300px-SERT-1_spacecraft.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>SERT-1: first <a href="/wiki/Ion_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion engine">ion engine</a> NASA spacecraft;<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> launched on July 20, 1964.<a href="#cite_note-Cybulski-21">[21]</a></figcaption></figure> The first working ion thruster in the US was built by <a href="/wiki/Harold_R._Kaufman" title="Harold R. Kaufman">Harold R. Kaufman</a> in 1959 at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Research_Center" title="Glenn Research Center">Glenn Research Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. The thruster was similar to the general design of a gridded electrostatic ion thruster with <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> as its propellant. Suborbital tests of the engine followed during the 1960s, and in 1964 the engine was tested on a suborbital flight aboard the <a href="/wiki/SERT-1_(spaceship)" class="mw-redirect" title="SERT-1 (spaceship)">Space Electric Rocket Test 1</a> (SERT 1). It successfully operated for the planned 31 minutes before falling back to Earth.<a href="#cite_note-Glenn-22">[22]</a> This test was followed by an orbital test, SERT-2, in 1970. <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a> (DS1), which NASA launched in 1998, demonstrated the long-duration use of a <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>-propelled ion thruster on a science mission,<a href="#cite_note-MD-23">[23]</a> and validated a number of technologies, including the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Solar_Technology_Application_Readiness" title="NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness">NSTAR</a> <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_ion_thruster" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrostatic ion thruster">electrostatic ion thruster</a>, as well as performing a flyby of an asteroid and a comet.<a href="#cite_note-Dawn-24">[24]</a> In addition to the ion thruster, among the other technologies validated by the DS1 was the <a href="/wiki/Small_Deep_Space_Transponder" title="Small Deep Space Transponder">Small Deep Space Transponder</a>, which is used on Dawn for long-range communication.<a href="#cite_note-Dawn-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery_Program_selection">Discovery Program selection</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discovery Program selection" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Twenty-six proposals were submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery Program</a> solicitation, with budget initially targeted at US$300 million.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-25">[25]</a> Three semi-finalists were downselected in January 2001 for a phase-A design study: Dawn, Kepler, and INSIDE Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In December 2001 NASA selected the Kepler and the Dawn mission for the Discovery program.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-25">[25]</a> Both missions were initially selected for a launch in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancellation_and_reinstatement">Cancellation and reinstatement</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cancellation and reinstatement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The status of the Dawn mission changed several times. The project was cancelled in December 2003,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> and then reinstated in February 2004. In October 2005, work on Dawn was placed in "stand down" mode, and in January 2006, the mission was discussed in the press as "indefinitely postponed", even though NASA had made no new announcements regarding its status.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> On March 2, 2006, Dawn was again cancelled by NASA.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The spacecraft's manufacturer, <a href="/wiki/Orbital_Sciences_Corporation" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a>, appealed NASA's decision, offering to build the spacecraft at cost, forgoing any profit in order to gain experience in a new market field. NASA then put the cancellation under review,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and on March 27, 2006, it was announced that the mission would not be cancelled after all.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In the last week of September 2006, the Dawn mission's instrument payload integration reached full functionality. Although originally projected to cost US$373 million, cost overruns inflated the final cost of the mission to US$446 million in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_T._Russell" title="Christopher T. Russell">Christopher T. Russell</a> was chosen to lead the Dawn mission team. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Scientific_background">Scientific background</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scientific background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_and_Vesta,_Moon_size_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ceres_and_Vesta%2C_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/200px-Ceres_and_Vesta%2C_Moon_size_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ceres_and_Vesta%2C_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/200px-Ceres_and_Vesta%2C_Moon_size_comparison.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ceres_and_Vesta%2C_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/300px-Ceres_and_Vesta%2C_Moon_size_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ceres_and_Vesta%2C_Moon_size_comparison.jpg/400px-Ceres_and_Vesta%2C_Moon_size_comparison.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Scale comparison of Vesta, Ceres, and the Moon</figcaption></figure> The Dawn mission was designed to study two large bodies in the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a> in order to answer questions about the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, as well as to test the performance of its <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">ion thrusters</a> in deep space.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180907-1">[1]</a> Ceres and Vesta were chosen as two contrasting <a href="/wiki/Protoplanet" title="Protoplanet">protoplanets</a>, the first one apparently "wet" (i.e. icy and cold) and the other "dry" (i.e. rocky), whose <a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">accretion</a> was terminated by the formation of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. The two bodies provide a bridge in scientific understanding between the formation of <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">rocky planets</a> and the icy bodies of the Solar System, and under what conditions a rocky planet can hold water.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) adopted a new <a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">definition of planet</a> on August 24, 2006, which introduced the term "<a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a>" for <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">ellipsoidal</a> worlds that were too small to qualify for planetary status by <a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">"clearing their orbital neighborhood"</a> of other orbiting matter. Dawn is the first mission to study a dwarf planet, arriving at Ceres a few months before the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> probe at <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> in July 2015. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg/200px-PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="665"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg/200px-PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg/300px-PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg/400px-PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Dawn image of Ceres from 13,600 km, May 4, 2015</figcaption></figure> Ceres comprises a third of the total mass of the asteroid belt. Its spectral characteristics suggest a composition similar to that of a water-rich <a href="/wiki/Carbonaceous_chondrite" title="Carbonaceous chondrite">carbonaceous chondrite</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Vesta, a smaller, water-poor <a href="/wiki/Achondrite" title="Achondrite">achondritic</a> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> comprising a tenth of the mass of the asteroid belt, has experienced significant heating and <a href="/wiki/Igneous_differentiation" title="Igneous differentiation">differentiation</a>. It shows signs of a metallic <a href="/wiki/Planetary_core" title="Planetary core">core</a>, a Mars-like density and lunar-like basaltic flows.<a href="#cite_note-SolarViewsCalvin-36">[36]</a> Available evidence indicates that both bodies formed very early in the history of the Solar System, thereby retaining a record of events and processes from the time of the formation of the terrestrial planets. <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">Radionuclide</a> dating of pieces of meteorites thought to come from Vesta suggests that Vesta differentiated quickly, in three million years or less. Thermal evolution studies suggest that Ceres must have formed some time later, more than three million years after the formation of <a href="/wiki/Ca-Al-rich_inclusions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ca-Al-rich inclusions">CAIs</a> (the oldest known objects of Solar System origin).<a href="#cite_note-SolarViewsCalvin-36">[36]</a> Moreover, Vesta appears to be the source of many smaller objects in the Solar System. Most (but not all) <a href="/wiki/Vestoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestoid">V-type</a> <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-Earth asteroid">near-Earth asteroids</a>, and some outer main-belt asteroids, have <a href="/wiki/Spectrum" title="Spectrum">spectra</a> similar to Vesta, and are thus known as vestoids. Five percent of the meteoritic samples found on Earth, the <a href="/wiki/HED_meteorite" title="HED meteorite">howardite–eucrite–diogenite</a> (HED) meteorites, are thought to be the result of a collision or collisions with Vesta. It is thought that Ceres may have a differentiated interior;<a href="#cite_note-Thomas-37">[37]</a> its oblateness appears too small for an undifferentiated body, which indicates that it consists of a rocky core overlain with an icy <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas-37">[37]</a> There is a large collection of potential samples from Vesta accessible to scientists, in the form of over 1,400 HED meteorites,<a href="#cite_note-Meteoritical_Bulletin_Database-38">[38]</a> giving insight into Vesta geologic history and structure. Vesta is thought to consist of a metallic iron–nickel core, an overlying rocky <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a> mantle and crust.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sahijpal2007-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gupta2010-41">[41]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 735px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 730px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first color map of Ceres by Dawn (exaggerated color, March 2015)"><noscript><img alt="The first color map of Ceres by Dawn (exaggerated color, March 2015)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg/521px-PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="521" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="476"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 521px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg/521px-PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg" data-alt="The first color map of Ceres by Dawn (exaggerated color, March 2015)" data-width="521" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg/782px-PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg/1042px-PIA19063-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-DawnMission-March2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first color map of Ceres by Dawn (exaggerated color, March 2015)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Objectives">Objectives</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Objectives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif/220px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif/220px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif/330px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif/440px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Animation of Dawn's trajectory from September 27, 2007, to October 5, 2018 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> Dawn · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a> · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">1 Ceres</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg/280px-Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 280px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg/280px-Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg.png" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg/420px-Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg/560px-Dawn_trajectory_as_of_September_2009-en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Dawn's approximate flight trajectory</figcaption></figure> The Dawn mission's goal was to characterize the conditions and processes of the Solar System's earliest eon by investigating in detail two of the largest protoplanets remaining intact since their formation.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180907-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Objectives-42">[42]</a> Although the mission has finished, the data analyses and interpretations will continue for many years. The primary question that the mission addresses is the role of size and water in determining the evolution of the planets.<a href="#cite_note-Objectives-42">[42]</a> Ceres and Vesta are highly suitable bodies with which to address this question, as they are two of the most massive of the protoplanets. Ceres is geologically very primitive and icy, while Vesta is evolved and rocky. Their contrasting characteristics are thought to have resulted from them forming in two different regions of the early Solar System.<a href="#cite_note-Objectives-42">[42]</a> There are three principal scientific drivers for the mission. First, the Dawn mission can capture the earliest moments in the origin of the Solar System, granting an insight into the conditions under which these objects formed. Second, Dawn determines the nature of the building blocks from which the terrestrial planets formed, improving scientific understanding of this formation. Finally, it contrasts the formation and evolution of two small planets that followed very different evolutionary paths, allowing scientists to determine what factors control that evolution.<a href="#cite_note-Objectives-42">[42]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Instruments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg/200px-PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg/200px-PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg/300px-PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg/400px-PIA19559-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-OpNav8-image1-20150516-crop.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Framing camera view of the <a href="/wiki/Bright_spots_on_Ceres" title="Bright spots on Ceres">Ceres bright spots</a></figcaption></figure> NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory provided overall planning and management of the mission, the flight system and scientific payload development, and provided the <a href="/wiki/Ion_propulsion_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion propulsion system">ion propulsion system</a>. Orbital Sciences Corporation provided the spacecraft, which constituted the company's first interplanetary mission. The <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solar_System_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research">Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_Aerospace_Center" title="German Aerospace Center">German Aerospace Center</a> (DLR) provided the framing cameras, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">Italian Space Agency</a> provided the mapping <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometer</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> provided the <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> spectrometer.<a href="#cite_note-Rayman_2006_605%E2%80%93616-5">[5]</a> <ul><li>Framing camera (FC) – Two redundant framing camera were flown. Each used a f/7.9 refractive optical system with a focal length of 150 mm.<a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Spacecraft_and_Instruments-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-sierks-44">[44]</a> A frame-transfer <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">charge-coupled device</a> (CCD), a Thomson TH7888A,<a href="#cite_note-sierks-44">[44]</a> at the focal plane has 1024 × 1024 sensitive 93-μrad pixels, imaging a 5.5° x 5.5° <a href="/wiki/Field_of_view" title="Field of view">field of view</a>. An 8-position filter wheel permits <a href="/wiki/Panchromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchromatic">panchromatic</a> (clear filter) and spectrally selective imaging (7 narrow band filters). The broadest filter allows imaging at wavelengths from 400 to 1050 nm. The FC computer is a custom <a href="/wiki/Radiation_hardening" title="Radiation hardening">radiation-hardened</a> <a href="/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a> system with a <a href="/wiki/LEON2" class="mw-redirect" title="LEON2">LEON2</a> core and 8 <a href="/wiki/GiB" class="mw-redirect" title="GiB">GiB</a> of memory.<a href="#cite_note-sierks-44">[44]</a> The camera offered resolutions of 17 m/pixel for Vesta and 66 m/pixel for Ceres.<a href="#cite_note-sierks-44">[44]</a> Because the framing camera was vital for both science and navigation, the payload had two identical and physically separate cameras (FC1 & FC2) for redundancy, each with its own optics, electronics, and structure.<a href="#cite_note-Rayman_2006_605%E2%80%93616-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li>Visible and <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometer</a> (VIR) – This instrument is a modification of the visible and infrared thermal-imaging spectrometer used on the <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosetta spacecraft">Rosetta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a> spacecraft. It draws its heritage from the <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> orbiter <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini's</a> visible and infrared mapping spectrometer. The spectrometer's VIR spectral frames are 256 (spatial) × 432 (spectral), and the slit length is 64 <a href="/wiki/Angular_mil" class="mw-redirect" title="Angular mil">mrad</a>. The mapping spectrometer incorporates two channels, both fed by a single grating. A CCD yields frames from 0.25 to 1.0 μm, while an array of HgCdTe photodiodes cooled to about 70 K spans the spectrum from 0.95 to 5.0 μm.<a href="#cite_note-Rayman_2006_605%E2%80%93616-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li>Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector (GRaND)<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> – This instrument is based on similar instruments flown on the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mars_Odyssey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Odyssey">Mars Odyssey</a> space missions. It had 21 sensors with a very wide field of view.<a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Spacecraft_and_Instruments-43">[43]</a> It was used to measure the abundances of the major rock-forming elements (oxygen, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium, titanium, and iron) and potassium, thorium, uranium, and water (inferred from hydrogen content) in the top 1 m of the surface of Vesta and Ceres.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li></ul> A <a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">magnetometer</a> and laser <a href="/wiki/Altimeter" title="Altimeter">altimeter</a> were considered for the mission, but were not ultimately flown.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Specifications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg/170px-Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg/170px-Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg/255px-Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg/340px-Dawn_at_Launch_Pad.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Dawn prior to encapsulation at its launch pad on July 1, 2007</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimensions">Dimensions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dimensions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> With its <a href="/wiki/Solar_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar array">solar array</a> in the retracted launch position, the Dawn spacecraft is 2.36 metres (7.7 ft) wide. With its solar arrays fully extended, Dawn is 19.7 m (65 ft) wide.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The solar arrays have a total area of 36.4 m2 (392 sq ft).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The main antenna is five feet (1.24 metres) in diameter.<a href="#cite_note-siliconvalleyastrolecture-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propulsion_system">Propulsion system</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Propulsion system" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Dawn spacecraft was propelled by three <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">ion thrusters</a> derived from <a href="/wiki/NASA_Solar_Technology_Application_Readiness" title="NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness">NSTAR</a> technology used by the Deep Space 1 spacecraft,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> using one at a time. They have a <a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">specific impulse</a> of 3,100 s and produce a <a href="/wiki/Thrust" title="Thrust">thrust</a> of 90 mN.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The whole spacecraft, including the ion propulsion thrusters, was powered by a 10 kW (at 1 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>) <a href="/wiki/Multijunction_photovoltaic_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Multijunction photovoltaic cell">triple-junction</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallium_arsenide" title="Gallium arsenide">gallium arsenide</a> <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic module">photovoltaic</a> solar array manufactured by Dutch Space.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Dawn was allocated 247 kg (545 lb) of xenon for its Vesta approach, and carried another 112 kg (247 lb) to reach Ceres,<a href="#cite_note-GarnerEtAl-61">[61]</a> out of a total capacity of 425 kg (937 lb) of on-board <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> With the propellant it carried, Dawn was able to perform a <a href="/wiki/Delta-v" title="Delta-v">velocity change</a> of approximately 11 km/s over the course of its mission, far more than any previous spacecraft achieved with onboard propellant after separation from its launch rocket.<a href="#cite_note-GarnerEtAl-61">[61]</a> However, the thrust was very gentle; it took four days at full throttle to accelerate Dawn from zero to 60 mph (96 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-siliconvalleyastrolecture-17">[17]</a> Dawn is NASA's first purely exploratory mission to use ion propulsion engines.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The spacecraft also has twelve 0.9 N <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">hydrazine</a> thrusters for <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> (orientation), which were also used to assist in orbital insertion.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The Dawn spacecraft was able to achieve a record-breaking level of propulsion from its ion engine.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> NASA noted three specific areas of excellence:<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <ul><li>First to orbit two different astronomical bodies (not including Earth).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_electric_propulsion" title="Solar electric propulsion">Solar-electric propulsion</a> record, including a velocity change in space of 25,700 mph (11.49 km/s). This is 2.7 times the velocity change by solar-electric ion drive than the past record.</li> <li>Achieved 5.9 years of ion engine runtime by September 7, 2018. This amount of runtime equates to 54% of Dawn's time in outer space.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outreach_microchip">Outreach microchip</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Outreach microchip" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Dawn carries a memory <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">chip</a> bearing the names of more than 360,000 space enthusiasts.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The names were submitted online as part of a public outreach effort between September 2005 and November 4, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The microchip, which is two centimetres in diameter, was installed on May 17, 2007, above the spacecraft's forward ion thruster, underneath its <a href="/wiki/High-gain_antenna" class="mw-redirect" title="High-gain antenna">high-gain antenna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> More than one microchip was made, with a back-up copy put on display at the 2007 Open House event at the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> in Pasadena, California. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Mission_summary">Mission summary</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mission summary" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_preparations">Launch preparations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Launch preparations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On April 10, 2007, the spacecraft arrived at the Astrotech Space Operations subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Spacehab" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacehab">SPACEHAB, Inc.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Titusville,_Florida" title="Titusville, Florida">Titusville, Florida</a>, where it was prepared for launch.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The launch was originally scheduled for June 20, but was delayed until June 30 due to delays with part deliveries.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> A broken crane at the launch pad, used to raise the <a href="/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster" title="Solid rocket booster">solid rocket boosters</a>, further delayed the launch for a week, until July 7; prior to this, on June 15, the second stage was successfully hoisted into position.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> A mishap at the Astrotech Space Operations facility, involving slight damage to one of the solar arrays, did not have an effect on the launch date; however, bad weather caused the launch to slip to July 8. Range tracking problems then delayed the launch to July 9, and then July 15. Launch planning was then suspended in order to avoid conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix mission</a> to Mars, which was successfully launched on August 4. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch">Launch</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Launch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn_ignition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dawn_ignition.jpg/170px-Dawn_ignition.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dawn_ignition.jpg/170px-Dawn_ignition.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dawn_ignition.jpg/255px-Dawn_ignition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dawn_ignition.jpg/340px-Dawn_ignition.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Dawn launching on a <a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a> rocket from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17</a> on September 27, 2007</figcaption></figure> The launch of Dawn was rescheduled for September 26, 2007,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> then September 27, due to bad weather delaying fueling of the second stage, the same problem that delayed the July 7 launch attempt. The launch window extended from 07:20–07:49 EDT (11:20–11:49 <a href="/wiki/GMT" class="mw-redirect" title="GMT">GMT</a>).<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> During the final built-in hold at T−4 minutes, a ship entered the exclusion area offshore, the strip of ocean where the rocket boosters were likely to fall after separation. After commanding the ship to leave the area, the launch was required to wait for the end of a collision avoidance window with the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Dawn finally launched from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17">pad 17-B</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta 7925-H</a> rocket<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> at 07:34 EDT,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> reaching escape velocity with the help of a <a href="/wiki/Spin-stabilized_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-stabilized satellite">spin-stabilized</a> solid-fueled third stage.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Thereafter, Dawn's ion thrusters took over. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transit_to_Vesta">Transit to Vesta</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transit to Vesta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> After initial testing, during which the <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">ion thrusters</a> accumulated more than 11 days 14 hours of operation, Dawn began long-term cruise propulsion on December 17, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> On October 31, 2008, Dawn completed its first thrusting phase to send it on to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a> flyby in February 2009. During this first interplanetary cruise phase, Dawn spent 270 days, or 85% of this phase, using its thrusters. It expended less than 72 kilograms of xenon propellant for a total change in velocity of 1.81 km/s. On November 20, 2008, Dawn performed its first <a href="/wiki/Trajectory" title="Trajectory">trajectory</a> correction maneuver (TCM1), firing its number 1 thruster for 2 hours, 11 minutes. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg/220px-Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="516"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg/220px-Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg/330px-Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg/440px-Mars_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Greyscale NIR image of Mars (northwest <a href="/wiki/Tempe_Terra" title="Tempe Terra">Tempe Terra</a>), taken by Dawn during its 2009 flyby</figcaption></figure> Dawn made its closest approach (549 km) to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> on February 17, 2009, during a successful gravity assist.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> This flyby slowed Mars's orbital velocity by about 2.5 cm (1 in) per 180 million years.<a href="#cite_note-siliconvalleyastrolecture-17">[17]</a> On this day, the spacecraft placed itself in <a href="/wiki/Safe_mode_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe mode (spacecraft)">safe mode</a>, resulting in some data acquisition loss. The spacecraft was reported to be back in full operation two days later, with no impact on the subsequent mission identified. The <a href="/wiki/Root_cause_analysis" title="Root cause analysis">root cause</a> of the event was reported to be a software programming error.<a href="#cite_note-jplstatus-88">[88]</a> To cruise from Earth to its targets, Dawn travelled in an elongated outward spiral trajectory. The actual Vesta chronology and estimated[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Ceres chronology are as follows:<a href="#cite_note-GSpaceTimeline-2">[2]</a> <ul><li>September 27, 2007: launch</li> <li>February 17, 2009: Mars <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a></li> <li>July 16, 2011: Vesta arrival and capture</li> <li>August 11–31, 2011: Vesta survey orbit</li> <li>September 29 – November 2, 2011: Vesta first high altitude orbit</li> <li>December 12, 2011 – May 1, 2012: Vesta low altitude orbit</li> <li>June 15 – July 25, 2012: Vesta second high altitude orbit</li> <li>September 5, 2012: Vesta departure</li> <li>March 6, 2015: Ceres arrival</li> <li>June 30, 2016: End of primary Ceres operations</li> <li>July 1, 2016: Beginning of Ceres extended mission<a href="#cite_note-sfnow20160702-89">[89]</a></li> <li>November 1, 2018: End of Mission</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vesta_approach">Vesta approach</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Vesta approach" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As Dawn approached Vesta, the Framing Camera instrument took progressively higher-resolution images, which were published online and at news conferences by NASA and MPI. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="June 14, 2011 265,000 km (165,000 mi)"><noscript><img alt="June 14, 2011 265,000 km (165,000 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg/120px-Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="289"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg/120px-Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg" data-alt="June 14, 2011 265,000 km (165,000 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg/180px-Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg/240px-Vesta_image_by_Dawn_probe.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">June 14, 2011 265,000 km (165,000 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn-image-062411.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="June 24, 2011 152,000 km (94,000 mi)"><noscript><img alt="June 24, 2011 152,000 km (94,000 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Dawn-image-062411.jpg/120px-Dawn-image-062411.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="343"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 106px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Dawn-image-062411.jpg/120px-Dawn-image-062411.jpg" data-alt="June 24, 2011 152,000 km (94,000 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="106" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Dawn-image-062411.jpg/180px-Dawn-image-062411.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Dawn-image-062411.jpg/240px-Dawn-image-062411.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">June 24, 2011 152,000 km (94,000 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="July 1, 2011 100,000 km (62,000 mi)"><noscript><img alt="July 1, 2011 100,000 km (62,000 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg/120px-Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="237"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 101px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg/120px-Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg" data-alt="July 1, 2011 100,000 km (62,000 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg/180px-Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg/240px-Vesta_20110701_cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">July 1, 2011 100,000 km (62,000 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn-image-070911.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="July 9, 2011 41,000 km (25,000 mi)"><noscript><img alt="July 9, 2011 41,000 km (25,000 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dawn-image-070911.jpg/120px-Dawn-image-070911.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dawn-image-070911.jpg/120px-Dawn-image-070911.jpg" data-alt="July 9, 2011 41,000 km (25,000 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dawn-image-070911.jpg/180px-Dawn-image-070911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dawn-image-070911.jpg/240px-Dawn-image-070911.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">July 9, 2011 41,000 km (25,000 mi)</div> </li> </ul> On May 3, 2011, Dawn acquired its first targeting image, 1,200,000 km from Vesta, and began its approach phase to the asteroid.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> On June 12, Dawn's speed relative to Vesta was slowed in preparation for its orbital insertion 34 days later.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Dawn was scheduled to be inserted into orbit at 05:00 UTC on July 16 after a period of thrusting with its ion engines. Because its antenna was pointed away from the Earth during thrusting, scientists were not able to immediately confirm whether or not Dawn successfully made the maneuver. The spacecraft would then reorient itself, and was scheduled to check in at 06:30 UTC on July 17.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> NASA later confirmed that it received telemetry from Dawn indicating that the spacecraft successfully entered orbit around Vesta, making it the first spacecraft to orbit an object in the asteroid belt.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The exact time of insertion could not be confirmed, since it depended on Vesta's mass distribution, which was not precisely known and at that time had only been estimated.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vesta_orbit">Vesta orbit</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Vesta orbit" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> After being captured by Vesta's gravity and entering its orbit on July 16, 2011,<a href="#cite_note-sciencemag.org-97">[97]</a> Dawn moved to a lower, closer orbit by running its xenon-ion engine using solar power. On August 2, it paused its spiralling approach to enter a 69-hour survey orbit at an altitude of 2,750 km (1,710 mi). It assumed a 12.3-hour high-altitude mapping orbit at 680 km (420 mi) on September 27, and finally entered a 4.3-hour low-altitude mapping orbit at 210 km (130 mi) on December 8.<a href="#cite_note-status2011-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_4_Vesta.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_4_Vesta.gif/400px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_4_Vesta.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 300px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_4_Vesta.gif/400px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_4_Vesta.gif" data-width="400" data-height="300" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_4_Vesta.gif 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Animation of Dawn's trajectory around <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a> from July 15, 2011, to September 10, 2012 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Dawn · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a></figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_from_Dawn,_July_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="July 17, 2011 16,000 km (9,900 mi)"><noscript><img alt="July 17, 2011 16,000 km (9,900 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_17.jpg/120px-Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_17.jpg/120px-Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_17.jpg" data-alt="July 17, 2011 16,000 km (9,900 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_17.jpg/180px-Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_17.jpg/240px-Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_17.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">July 17, 2011 16,000 km (9,900 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_from_Dawn,_July_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="July 18, 2011 10,500 km (6,500 mi)"><noscript><img alt="July 18, 2011 10,500 km (6,500 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_18.jpg/92px-Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 92px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_18.jpg/92px-Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_18.jpg" data-alt="July 18, 2011 10,500 km (6,500 mi)" data-width="92" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_18.jpg/138px-Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_18.jpg/184px-Vesta_from_Dawn%2C_July_18.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">July 18, 2011 10,500 km (6,500 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_darkside.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="July 23, 2011 5,200 km (3,200 mi)"><noscript><img alt="July 23, 2011 5,200 km (3,200 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vesta_darkside.jpg/120px-Vesta_darkside.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vesta_darkside.jpg/120px-Vesta_darkside.jpg" data-alt="July 23, 2011 5,200 km (3,200 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vesta_darkside.jpg/180px-Vesta_darkside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vesta_darkside.jpg/240px-Vesta_darkside.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">July 23, 2011 5,200 km (3,200 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="July 24, 2011 5,200 km (3,200 mi)"><noscript><img alt="July 24, 2011 5,200 km (3,200 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg/120px-Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg/120px-Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg" data-alt="July 24, 2011 5,200 km (3,200 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg/180px-Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg/240px-Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">July 24, 2011 5,200 km (3,200 mi)</div> </li> </ul> In May 2012, the Dawn team published preliminary results of their study of Vesta, including estimates of the size of Vesta's metal-rich core, which is theorized to be 220 km (140 mi) across. The scientists stated that they think that Vesta is the "last of its kind" – the only remaining example of the large planetoids that came together to form the rocky planets during the formation of the Solar System.<a href="#cite_note-sciencemag.org-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In October 2012, further Dawn results were published, on the origin of anomalous dark spots and streaks on Vesta's surface, which were likely deposited by ancient asteroid impacts.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In December 2012, it was reported that Dawn had observed gullies on the surface of Vesta that were interpreted to have been eroded by transiently flowing liquid water.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> More details about the Dawn mission's scientific discoveries at Vesta are included on the <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a> page. Dawn was originally scheduled to depart Vesta and begin its two and a half year journey to Ceres on August 26, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Aug262012-12">[12]</a> However, a problem with one of the spacecraft's <a href="/wiki/Reaction_wheel" title="Reaction wheel">reaction wheels</a> forced Dawn to delay its departure from Vesta's gravity until September 5, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-5SepDepart-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewSci2012-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-DawnDepartedVesta-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_Dawn_Departs_Vesta-110">[110]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Mound at the South Pole on the asteroid Vesta on August 12, 2011"><noscript><img alt="Central Mound at the South Pole on the asteroid Vesta on August 12, 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg/120px-Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg/120px-Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg" data-alt="Central Mound at the South Pole on the asteroid Vesta on August 12, 2011" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg/180px-Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg/240px-Central_Mound_at_the_South_Pole_on_the_asteroid_Vesta_image_of_NASA%E2%80%99s_Dawn_spacecraft_14f2_311811321_detail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Central Mound at the South Pole on the asteroid Vesta on August 12, 2011</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The snowman shaped craters on Vesta"><noscript><img alt="The snowman shaped craters on Vesta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg/120px-Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="647"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 94px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg/120px-Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg" data-alt="The snowman shaped craters on Vesta" data-width="120" data-height="94" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg/180px-Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg/240px-Vesta_Snowman_craters_close-up.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Snowman" title="Snowman">snowman</a> shaped craters on Vesta</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Craters and ridges of Vesta"><noscript><img alt="Craters and ridges of Vesta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg/120px-Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="510"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 86px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg/120px-Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg" data-alt="Craters and ridges of Vesta" data-width="120" data-height="86" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg/180px-Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg/240px-Vesta_Cratered_terrain_with_hills_and_ridges.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Craters and ridges of Vesta</div> </li> </ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; width:600px;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Geologic map of Vesta based on Dawn data<a href="#cite_note-Williams2014-111">[111]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg/600px-PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="301" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3075" data-file-height="1545"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 301px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg/600px-PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg" data-width="600" data-height="301" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg/900px-PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg/1200px-PIA18788-VestaAsteroid-GeologicMap-DawnMission-20141117.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> The most ancient and heavily cratered regions are brown; areas modified by the <a href="/wiki/Veneneia" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneneia">Veneneia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rheasilvia" title="Rheasilvia">Rheasilvia</a> impacts are purple (the Saturnalia Fossae Formation, in the north)<a href="#cite_note-Scully2014-112">[112]</a> and light cyan (the Divalia Fossae Formation, equatorial),<a href="#cite_note-Williams2014-111">[111]</a> respectively; the Rheasilvia impact basin interior (in the south) is dark blue, and neighboring areas of Rheasilvia ejecta (including an area within Veneneia) are light purple-blue;<a href="#cite_note-Sch%C3%A4fer2014-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kneissl2014-114">[114]</a> areas modified by more recent impacts or mass wasting are yellow/orange or green, respectively. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transit_to_Ceres">Transit to Ceres</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transit to Ceres" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Imaging dates (2014–2015) and resolution<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>distance (km)</th> <th>diameter (px)</th> <th>resolution (km/px)</th> <th>portion of disk illuminated </th></tr> <tr> <td>December 1</td> <td>1,200,000</td> <td>9</td> <td>112</td> <td>94% </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 13</td> <td>383,000</td> <td>27</td> <td>36</td> <td>95% </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 25</td> <td>237,000</td> <td>43</td> <td>22</td> <td>96% </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 3</td> <td>146,000</td> <td>70</td> <td>14</td> <td>97% </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 12</td> <td>83,000</td> <td>122</td> <td>7.8</td> <td>98% </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 19</td> <td>46,000</td> <td>222</td> <td>4.3</td> <td>87% </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 25</td> <td>40,000</td> <td>255</td> <td>3.7</td> <td>44% </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 1</td> <td>49,000</td> <td>207</td> <td>4.6</td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 10</td> <td>33,000</td> <td>306</td> <td>3.1</td> <td>17% </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 15</td> <td>22,000</td> <td>453</td> <td>2.1</td> <td>49% </td></tr></tbody></table> During its time in orbit around Vesta, the probe experienced several failures of its reaction wheels. Investigators planned to modify their activities upon arrival at Ceres for close range geographical survey mapping. The Dawn team stated that they would orient the probe using a "hybrid" mode utilizing both reaction wheels and ion thrusters. Engineers determined that this hybrid mode would conserve fuel. On November 13, 2013, during the transit, in a test preparation, Dawn engineers completed a 27-hour-long series of exercises of said hybrid mode.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On September 11, 2014, Dawn's ion thruster unexpectedly ceased firing and the probe began operating in a triggered safe mode. To avoid a lapse in propulsion, the mission team hastily exchanged the active ion engine and electrical controller with another. The team stated that they had a plan in place to revive this disabled component later in 2014. The controller in the ion propulsion system may have been damaged by a <a href="/wiki/High-energy_particle" class="mw-redirect" title="High-energy particle">high-energy particle</a>. Upon exiting the safe mode on September 15, 2014, the probe's ion thruster resumed normal operation.<a href="#cite_note-SafeMode2014-117">[117]</a> Furthermore, the Dawn investigators also found that, after the propulsion issue, Dawn could not aim its main communications antenna towards Earth. Another antenna of weaker capacity was instead temporarily retasked. To correct the problem, the probe's computer was reset and the aiming mechanism of the main antenna was restored.<a href="#cite_note-SafeMode2014-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceres_approach">Ceres approach</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ceres approach" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Dawn began photographing an extended disk of Ceres on December 1, 2014,<a href="#cite_note-dawnjournal1214-118">[118]</a> with images of partial rotations on January 13 and 25, 2015 released as animations. Images taken from Dawn of Ceres after January 26, 2015, exceeded the resolution of comparable images from the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div align="center">Progression of images of Ceres taken by Dawn between January and March 2015</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn,_25_January_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="January 25, 2015 237,000 km (147,000 mi)"><noscript><img alt="January 25, 2015 237,000 km (147,000 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_25_January_2015.jpg/120px-Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_25_January_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="501"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_25_January_2015.jpg/120px-Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_25_January_2015.jpg" data-alt="January 25, 2015 237,000 km (147,000 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_25_January_2015.jpg/180px-Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_25_January_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_25_January_2015.jpg/240px-Ceres_OpNav_2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_25_January_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">January 25, 2015 237,000 km (147,000 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19179-Ceres-DawnSpacecraft-20150204.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="February 4, 2015 145,000 km (90,000 mi)"><noscript><img alt="February 4, 2015 145,000 km (90,000 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PIA19179-Ceres-DawnSpacecraft-20150204.jpg/120px-PIA19179-Ceres-DawnSpacecraft-20150204.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="126"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 114px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PIA19179-Ceres-DawnSpacecraft-20150204.jpg/120px-PIA19179-Ceres-DawnSpacecraft-20150204.jpg" data-alt="February 4, 2015 145,000 km (90,000 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="114" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/PIA19179-Ceres-DawnSpacecraft-20150204.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">February 4, 2015 145,000 km (90,000 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn,_12_February_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="February 12, 2015 80,000 km (50,000 mi)"><noscript><img alt="February 12, 2015 80,000 km (50,000 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_12_February_2015.jpg/110px-Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_12_February_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="540"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_12_February_2015.jpg/110px-Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_12_February_2015.jpg" data-alt="February 12, 2015 80,000 km (50,000 mi)" data-width="110" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_12_February_2015.jpg/165px-Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_12_February_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_12_February_2015.jpg/220px-Ceres_RC1_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_12_February_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">February 12, 2015 80,000 km (50,000 mi)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn,_19_February_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="February 19, 2015 46,000 km (29,000 mi)"><noscript><img alt="February 19, 2015 46,000 km (29,000 mi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_19_February_2015.jpg/120px-Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_19_February_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="908"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_19_February_2015.jpg/120px-Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_19_February_2015.jpg" data-alt="February 19, 2015 46,000 km (29,000 mi)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_19_February_2015.jpg/180px-Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_19_February_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_19_February_2015.jpg/240px-Ceres_RC2_single_frame_by_Dawn%2C_19_February_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">February 19, 2015 46,000 km (29,000 mi)</div> </li> </ul> Because of the failure of two reaction wheels, Dawn made fewer camera observations of Ceres during its approach phase than it did during its Vesta approach. Camera observations required turning the spacecraft, which consumed precious hydrazine fuel. Seven optical navigation photo sessions (OpNav 1–7, on January 13 and 25, February 3 and 25, March 1, and April 10 and 15) and two full rotation observation sessions (RC1–2, on February 12 and 19) were planned[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] before full observation begins with orbital capture. The gap in March and early April was due to a period when Ceres appears too close to the Sun from Dawn's vantage point to take pictures safely.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceres_orbit">Ceres orbit</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ceres orbit" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif/400px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 300px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif/400px-Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif" data-width="400" data-height="300" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Animation_of_Dawn_trajectory_around_Ceres.gif 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Animation of Dawn's trajectory around <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> from February 1, 2015, to February 1, 2025 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Dawn · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable center"> <caption>Mapping orbits and resolution<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150331-121">[121]</a> – <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photos_of_Ceres_by_Dawn" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Photos of Ceres by Dawn">Photos of Ceres by Dawn on Commons</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Orbit phase</th> <th>No.</th> <th>Dates<a href="#cite_note-PS-20150730-122">[122]</a></th> <th>Altitude (km; mi)<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></th> <th>Orbital period</th> <th>Resolution (km/px)</th> <th>Improvement over Hubble</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_RC3_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres RC3 phase">RC3</a></td> <td>1st</td> <td>April 23 – May 9, 2015</td> <td>13,500 km (8,400 mi)</td> <td>15 days</td> <td>1.3</td> <td>24×</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_Survey_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres Survey phase">Survey</a></td> <td>2nd</td> <td>June 6–30, 2015</td> <td>4,400 km (2,700 mi)</td> <td>3.1 days</td> <td>0.41</td> <td>73×</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_HAMO_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres HAMO phase">HAMO</a></td> <td>3rd</td> <td>August 17 – October 23, 2015</td> <td>1,450 km (900 mi)</td> <td>19 hours</td> <td>0.14 (140 m)</td> <td>217×</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_LAMO_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres LAMO phase">LAMO/XMO1</a></td> <td>4th</td> <td>December 16, 2015 – September 2, 2016</td> <td>375 km (233 mi)</td> <td>5.5 hours</td> <td>0.035 (35 m)</td> <td>850×</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_XMO2_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres XMO2 phase">XMO2</a></td> <td>5th</td> <td>October 5 – November 4, 2016</td> <td>1,480 km (920 mi)</td> <td>19 hours</td> <td>0.14 (140 m)</td> <td>217×</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Mission_Status_Updates-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_XMO3_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres XMO3 phase">XMO3</a></td> <td>6th</td> <td>December 5, 2016 – February 22, 2017</td> <td>7,520–9,350 km (4,670–5,810 mi)</td> <td>≈8 days</td> <td>0.9 (est)</td> <td>34× (est)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Mission_Status_Updates-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XMO4</td> <td>7th</td> <td>April 22 – June 22, 2017</td> <td>13,830–52,800 km (8,590–32,810 mi)</td> <td>≈29 days</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-status2017-128">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XMO5</td> <td>8th</td> <td>June 30, 2017 – April 16, 2018</td> <td>4,400–39,100 km (2,700–24,300 mi)</td> <td>30 days</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-status2017-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-plansoc20180525-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa20180320-130">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_XMO6_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres XMO6 phase">XMO6</a></td> <td>9th</td> <td>May 14–31, 2018</td> <td>440–4,700 km (270–2,920 mi)</td> <td>37 hours</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-status2018-131">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_XMO7_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres XMO7 phase">XMO7 (FINAL)</a></td> <td>10th</td> <td>June 6, 2018 – present</td> <td>35–4,000 km (22–2,485 mi)</td> <td>27.2 hours</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-MissionStatus2018-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFN-20180615-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-sfi20180602-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa20180429-135">[135]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="April 23, 2015 1st Map Orbit – RC3 13,600 km (8,500 mi) (view on commons)"><noscript><img alt="April 23, 2015 1st Map Orbit – RC3 13,600 km (8,500 mi) (view on commons)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg/120px-PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="810"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg/120px-PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg" data-alt="April 23, 2015 1st Map Orbit – RC3 13,600 km (8,500 mi) (view on commons)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg/180px-PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg/240px-PIA19546-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image12-20150504.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">April 23, 2015 1st Map Orbit – RC3 13,600 km (8,500 mi) (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_RC3_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres RC3 phase">view on commons</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="June 6, 2015 2nd Map Orbit – SRVY 4,400 km (2,700 mi) (view on commons)"><noscript><img alt="June 6, 2015 2nd Map Orbit – SRVY 4,400 km (2,700 mi) (view on commons)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg/120px-PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg/120px-PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg" data-alt="June 6, 2015 2nd Map Orbit – SRVY 4,400 km (2,700 mi) (view on commons)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg/180px-PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg/240px-PIA19578-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-2ndMappingOrbit-image10-20150614.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">June 6, 2015 2nd Map Orbit – SRVY 4,400 km (2,700 mi) (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_Survey_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres Survey phase">view on commons</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="August 17, 2015 3rd Map Orbit – HAMO 1,470 km (915 mi) (view on commons)"><noscript><img alt="August 17, 2015 3rd Map Orbit – HAMO 1,470 km (915 mi) (view on commons)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg/120px-PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg/120px-PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg" data-alt="August 17, 2015 3rd Map Orbit – HAMO 1,470 km (915 mi) (view on commons)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg/180px-PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg/240px-PIA19888-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-3rdMapOrbit-HAMO-image12-20150821.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">August 17, 2015 3rd Map Orbit – HAMO 1,470 km (915 mi) (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_HAMO_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres HAMO phase">view on commons</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="December 10, 2015 4th Map Orbit – LAMO 385 km (240 mi) (view on commons)"><noscript><img alt="December 10, 2015 4th Map Orbit – LAMO 385 km (240 mi) (view on commons)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg/120px-PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg/120px-PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg" data-alt="December 10, 2015 4th Map Orbit – LAMO 385 km (240 mi) (view on commons)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg/180px-PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg/240px-PIA20653-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-4thMapOrbit-LAMO-image113-20160326.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">December 10, 2015 4th Map Orbit – LAMO 385 km (240 mi) (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_LAMO_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres LAMO phase">view on commons</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="October 5, 2016 5th Map Orbit – XMO2 1,480 km (920 mi) (view on commons)"><noscript><img alt="October 5, 2016 5th Map Orbit – XMO2 1,480 km (920 mi) (view on commons)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg/120px-PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg/120px-PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg" data-alt="October 5, 2016 5th Map Orbit – XMO2 1,480 km (920 mi) (view on commons)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg/180px-PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg/240px-PIA21248_-_Dawn_XMO2_Image_28.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">October 5, 2016 5th Map Orbit – XMO2 1,480 km (920 mi) (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_XMO2_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres XMO2 phase">view on commons</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="June 9, 2018 10th Map Orbit – XMO7 35 km (22 mi) (view on commons)"><noscript><img alt="June 9, 2018 10th Map Orbit – XMO7 35 km (22 mi) (view on commons)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg/120px-PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg/120px-PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg" data-alt="June 9, 2018 10th Map Orbit – XMO7 35 km (22 mi) (view on commons)" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg/180px-PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg/240px-PIA22526-DwarfPlanetCeres-Dawn-OccatorCraterLandslides-20180609.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">June 9, 2018 10th Map Orbit – XMO7 35 km (22 mi) (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dawn_Ceres_XMO7_phase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dawn Ceres XMO7 phase">view on commons</a>)</div> </li> </ul> Dawn entered Ceres orbit on March 6, 2015,<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews3615-136">[136]</a> four months prior to the arrival of New Horizons at Pluto. Dawn thus became the first mission to study a dwarf planet at close range.<a href="#cite_note-NasaDawn-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ceresintroduction-138">[138]</a> Dawn initially entered a <a href="/wiki/Polar_orbit" title="Polar orbit">polar orbit</a> around Ceres, and continued to refine its orbit. It obtained its first full topographic map of Ceres during this period.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> From April 23 to May 9, 2015, Dawn entered an RC3 orbit (Rotation Characterization 3) at an altitude of 13,500 km (8,400 mi). The RC3 orbit lasted 15 days, during which Dawn alternated taking pictures and sensor measurements and then relayed the resulting data back to Earth.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> On May 9, 2015, Dawn powered its ion engines and began a month-long spiral descent down to its second mapping point, a Survey orbit, three times closer to Ceres than the previous orbit. The spacecraft stopped twice to take images of Ceres during its spiral descent into the new orbit. On June 6, 2015, Dawn entered the new Survey orbit at an altitude of 4,430 km (2,750 mi). In the new Survey orbit, Dawn circled Ceres every three Earth days.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> The Survey phase lasted 22 days (7 orbits), and was designed to obtain a global view of Ceres with Dawn's framing camera, and generate detailed global maps with the visible and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIR). On June 30, 2015, Dawn experienced a software glitch when an anomaly in its orientation system occurred. It responded by going into <a href="/wiki/Safe_mode_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe mode (spacecraft)">safe mode</a> and sending a signal to engineers, who fixed the error on July 2, 2015. Engineers determined the cause of the anomaly to be related to the mechanical gimbal system associated with one of Dawn's ion engines. After switching to a separate ion engine and conducting tests from July 14 through July 16, 2015, engineers certified the ability to continue the mission.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On August 17, 2015, Dawn entered the HAMO orbit (High-Altitude Mapping Orbit).<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Dawn descended to an altitude of 1,480 km (920 mi), where in August 2015 it began the two-month HAMO phase. During this phase, Dawn continued to acquire near-global maps with the VIR and framing camera at higher resolution than in the Survey phase. It also imaged in <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">stereo</a> to resolve the surface in 3D. On October 23, 2015, Dawn began a two-month spiral toward Ceres to achieve a LAMO orbit (Low-Altitude Mapping Orbit) at a distance of 375 km (233 mi). Since reaching this fourth orbit in December 2015, Dawn was scheduled to acquire data for the next three months with its gamma-ray and neutron detector (GRaND) and other instruments that identified the composition at the surface.<a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Mission_Status_Updates-125">[125]</a> Having surpassed its mapping objectives, Dawn climbed to its fifth science orbit of 1,460 km (910 mi) beginning on September 2, 2016, to complete additional observations from a different angle.<a href="#cite_note-nasa20160831-144">[144]</a> Dawn began raising its altitude to its sixth science orbit of 7,200 km (4,500 mi) on November 4, 2016, with a goal of reaching it by December 2016. The return to a higher altitude allowed for a second set of data at this altitude, which improves the overall science quality when added to the first batch. However, this time the spacecraft was placed where it was not spiraling and was orbiting in the same direction as Ceres, which reduced propellant consumption.<a href="#cite_note-nasa20161118-145">[145]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Mission_conclusion">Mission conclusion</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mission conclusion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> A flyby of the asteroid <a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">2 Pallas</a> after the completion of the Ceres mission was suggested but never formally considered; orbiting Pallas would not have been possible for Dawn due to the high inclination of Pallas's orbit relative to Ceres.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In April 2016, the Dawn project team submitted a proposal to NASA for an extended mission that would have seen the spacecraft break orbit from Ceres and perform a flyby of the asteroid <a href="/wiki/145_Adeona" title="145 Adeona">145 Adeona</a> in May 2019,<a href="#cite_note-ExtendedMission-147">[147]</a> arguing that the science gained from visiting a third asteroid might outweigh the returns from staying at Ceres.<a href="#cite_note-sfnow20160702-89">[89]</a> NASA's Planetary Mission Senior Review Panel, however, declined the proposal in May 2016.<a href="#cite_note-pmsr2016-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge20160701-149">[149]</a> A one-year mission extension was approved, but the review panel ordered that Dawn remain at Ceres, stating that the long-term observations of the dwarf planet, particularly as it approached <a href="/wiki/Perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion">perihelion</a>, would potentially yield better science.<a href="#cite_note-sfnow20160702-89">[89]</a> The one-year extension expired on June 30, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-sfnow20170617-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasadawn20170927-151">[151]</a> The spacecraft was placed in an uncontrolled but relatively stable orbit around Ceres, where it ran out of hydrazine propellant by October 31, 2018,<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181101-7">[7]</a> and where it will remain as a "monument" for at least 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180906-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20181101-EndOfDawnMission-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181101-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:808px;max-width:808px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Ceres – some of the last views by the Dawn spacecraft (September 1, 2018)<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20180906-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20181101-EndOfDawnMission-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181101-7">[7]</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:402px;max-width:402px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg/400px-PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 400px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg/400px-PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg/600px-PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg/800px-PIA22769-CeresDwarfPlanet-AhunaMons-LastLooks-20181101.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Mons" title="Ahuna Mons">Ahuna Mons</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:402px;max-width:402px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg/400px-PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 400px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg/400px-PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg/600px-PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg/800px-PIA22485-CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-LastLooks-20181101.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Occator_Crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Occator Crater">Occator Crater</a></div></div></div></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-resolution_image">High-resolution image</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: High-resolution image" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg/600px-PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="600" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="13000" data-file-height="13000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 600px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg/600px-PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg" data-width="600" data-height="600" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg/900px-PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg/1200px-PIA21906-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-HighResolution-Dawn-20170920.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><div class="center">High-resolution view of Ceres taken during its Low-Altitude Mapping Orbit</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceres_atlas_images">Ceres atlas images</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ceres atlas images" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:704px;max-width:704px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:702px;max-width:702px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Overall-June2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Overall-June2015.jpg/700px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Overall-June2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="382" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="477"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 700px;height: 382px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Overall-June2015.jpg/700px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Overall-June2015.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="700" data-height="382" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Overall-June2015.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Overall</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg/200px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1324" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg/200px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg/300px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg/400px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-Kerwan-June2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Kerwan section (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/archive/PIA20014_fig2_Kerwan.pdf">PDF version</a>)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg/290px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1929" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg/290px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="290" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg/435px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg/580px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyAtlas-AsariZadeni-June2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Asari-Zadeni section (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/archive/PIA20014_fig1_Asari-Zadeni.pdf">PDF version</a>)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg/200px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg/200px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg/300px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg/400px-PIA20014-Ceres-SurveyMap-Occator-June2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Occator section (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/archive/PIA20014_fig3_Occator.pdf">PDF version</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps_of_Ceres">Maps of Ceres</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Maps of Ceres" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 485px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 480px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Ceres feature names"><noscript><img alt="Map of Ceres feature names" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png/445px-USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png" decoding="async" width="445" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4930" data-file-height="2773"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 445px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png/445px-USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png" data-alt="Map of Ceres feature names" data-width="445" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png/667px-USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png/889px-USGS-Ceres-Nomenclature-20161207.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Ceres feature names</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 485px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 480px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Topographical map of Ceres"><noscript><img alt="Topographical map of Ceres" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg/445px-PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg" decoding="async" width="445" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1076"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 445px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg/445px-PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg" data-alt="Topographical map of Ceres" data-width="445" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg/667px-PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg/890px-PIA20918-Ceres-Dawn-GlobalMap-Annotated-20160926.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Topographical map of Ceres</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flyover_videos">Flyover videos</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Flyover videos" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 193px;"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv/200px--Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="76" data-mwtitle="Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv/Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv/Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"' data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv/Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source></video></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/File:Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv" title="File:Video-FlyOver-DwarfPlanet-Ceres--Dawn-20150608.ogv">Surface features exaggerated</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 193px;"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm/200px--PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="73" data-mwtitle="PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8"' data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm/PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source></video></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm" title="File:PIA20182-Ceres-360Video-20151208.webm">Focus on Occator Crater</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 193px;"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM/200px--Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="224" data-mwtitle="Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM/Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM/Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM/Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source></video></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/File:Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM" title="File:Video-FlightOverDwarfPlanetCeres-20160129.WebM">Flight over dwarf planet Ceres</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 193px;"><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm/200px--CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="140" data-mwtitle="CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm/CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source></video></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/File:CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm" title="File:CeresDwarfPlanet-OccatorCrater-DawnFlyover-20161215.webm">Flyover of Occator Crater</a></div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Features on Ceres</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Mons" title="Ahuna Mons">Ahuna Mons</a>, a mountain on Ceres</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_spots_on_Ceres" title="Bright spots on Ceres">Bright spots on Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Ceres" title="List of geological features on Ceres">List of geological features on Ceres</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other asteroid missions</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/4179_Toutatis" title="4179 Toutatis">4179 Toutatis</a> flyby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)#Asteroid_encounters" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo probe</a> – <a href="/wiki/951_Gaspra" title="951 Gaspra">951 Gaspra</a> and <a href="/wiki/243_Ida" title="243 Ida">243 Ida</a> flybys</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a> – <a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">25143 Itokawa</a> rendezvous and sample return</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> – <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">162173 Ryugu</a> rendezvous and sample return</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a> – <a href="/wiki/253_Mathilde" title="253 Mathilde">253 Mathilde</a> flyby, orbited <a href="/wiki/433_Eros" title="433 Eros">433 Eros</a> from 2000 to 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> – <a href="/wiki/101955_Bennu" title="101955 Bennu">101955 Bennu</a> sample return mission</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a> – <a href="/wiki/2867_%C5%A0teins" title="2867 Šteins">2867 Šteins</a> and <a href="/wiki/21_Lutetia" title="21 Lutetia">21 Lutetia</a> flyby</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dawndata.igpp.ucla.edu/">Dawn public data archives</a> by <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hth3nKGKTFc">Dawn Legacy – Video (03:04)</a> by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> (September 7, 2018).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/data_sb/missions/dawn/index.shtml">Dawn Mission Archive</a> at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node</li></ul> <dl><dt>Instruments</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mps.mpg.de/3889356/Kameras">Framing Cameras</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solar_System_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research">Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaps.inaf.it/solarsystem/vir/">Visual and Infrared Spectrometer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402161229/http://www.iaps.inaf.it/solarsystem/vir/">Archived</a> April 2, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Astrofisica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica">Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/GRaND_inter.asp">Gamma Ray and Neutron Spectrometer</a> by NASA (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/pdf/2231.pdf">journal paper</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&oldid=1255008341">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&oldid=1255008341</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_(spacecraft)&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 2 November 2024, at 18:02 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn-ruimtetuig" title="Dawn-ruimtetuig – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dawn-ruimtetuig" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A)" title="داون (مسبار فضائي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داون (مسبار فضائي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="डॉन अंतरिक्षयान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डॉन अंतरिक्षयान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Дон (космически апарат) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дон (космически апарат)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(letjelica)" title="Dawn (letjelica) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dawn (letjelica)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(sonda)" title="Dawn (sonda) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dawn (sonda)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(rumsonde)" title="Dawn (rumsonde) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dawn (rumsonde)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(Raumsonde)" title="Dawn (Raumsonde) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dawn (Raumsonde)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_Dawn" title="Διαστημική αποστολή Dawn – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαστημική αποστολή Dawn" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(sonda_espacial)" title="Dawn (sonda espacial) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dawn (sonda espacial)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="دان (فضاپیما) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دان (فضاپیما)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Dawn (sonde spatiale) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dawn (sonde spatiale)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%88_(%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%A0)" title="돈 (우주선) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돈 (우주선)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="डॉन (अंतरिक्ष यान) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डॉन (अंतरिक्ष यान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(svemirska_letjelica)" title="Dawn (svemirska letjelica) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dawn (svemirska letjelica)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(wahana_antariksa)" title="Dawn (wahana antariksa) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dawn (wahana antariksa)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missione_Dawn" title="Missione Dawn – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Missione Dawn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A8_(%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="שחר (גשושית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שחר (גשושית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98)" title="Dawn (კოსმოსური ხომალდი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Dawn (კოსმოსური ხომალდი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96)" title="Dawn (ғарыш кемесі) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Dawn (ғарыш кемесі)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(zonde)" title="Dawn (zonde) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dawn (zonde)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(Raumsond)" title="Dawn (Raumsond) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dawn (Raumsond)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(sonda_spasiala)" title="Dawn (sonda spasiala) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dawn (sonda spasiala)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഡോൺ ബഹിരാകാശ പേടകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡോൺ ബഹിരാകാശ പേടകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(kapal_angkasa_lepas)" title="Dawn (kapal angkasa lepas) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dawn (kapal angkasa lepas)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(ruimtesonde)" title="Dawn (ruimtesonde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dawn (ruimtesonde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_(%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%BB%E6%A9%9F)" title="ドーン (探査機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドーン (探査機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(romsonde)" title="Dawn (romsonde) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dawn (romsonde)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romsonden_Dawn" title="Romsonden Dawn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romsonden Dawn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DA%88%DB%8C)" title="ڈان (خلائی گڈی) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈان (خلائی گڈی)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(sonda_kosmiczna)" title="Dawn (sonda kosmiczna) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dawn (sonda kosmiczna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(sonda_espacial)" title="Dawn (sonda espacial) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dawn (sonda espacial)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Dawn (sondă spațială) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dawn (sondă spațială)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Dawn (космический аппарат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Dawn (космический аппарат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dawn (spacecraft)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dawn (spacecraft)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(sonda)" title="Dawn (sonda) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dawn (sonda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Зора (свемирска сонда) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зора (свемирска сонда)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(letjelica)" title="Dawn (letjelica) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dawn (letjelica)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(luotain)" title="Dawn (luotain) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dawn (luotain)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(rymdsond)" title="Dawn (rymdsond) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dawn (rymdsond)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="டோன் விண்கலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டோன் விண்கலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8)" title="ดอว์น (ยานอวกาศ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอว์น (ยานอวกาศ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(uzay_sondas%C4%B1)" title="Dawn (uzay sondası) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dawn (uzay sondası)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Dawn" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(t%C3%A0u_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5)" title="Dawn (tàu vũ trụ) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dawn (tàu vũ trụ)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B7" title="黎明号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黎明号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%99%E5%85%89%E8%99%9F" title="曙光號 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曙光號" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 18:02 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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