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pb-2"><section class="prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none"><div><h2 id="#etymonline_v_24031" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-4xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">spirit</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl">(n.)</span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>mid-13c., "life, the animating or vital principle in man and animals," from Anglo-French <i class="foreign notranslate">spirit</i>, Old French <i class="foreign notranslate">espirit</i> "spirit, soul" (12c., Modern French <i class="foreign notranslate">esprit</i>) and directly from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">spiritus</i> "a breathing (of respiration, also of the wind), breath;" also "breath of a god," hence "inspiration; breath of life," hence life itself.</p> <p>The Latin word also could mean "disposition, character; high spirit, vigor, courage; pride, arrogance." It is a derivative of <i class="foreign notranslate">spirare</i> "to breathe," and formerly was said to be perhaps from a PIE <i class="foreign notranslate">*(s)peis-</i> "to blow" (source also of Old Church Slavonic <i class="foreign notranslate">pisto</i> "to play on the flute"). But de Vaan says the Latin verb is "Possibly an onomatopoeic formation imitating the sound of breathing. There are no direct cognates." Compare <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of conspire " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/conspire">conspire</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of expire " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/expire">expire</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of inspire " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/inspire">inspire</a>.</p> <p>In English it is attested from late 14c. as "divine substance, divine mind, God;" also "Christ" or His divine nature; also "the Holy Ghost; divine power." Also by late 14c. as "the soul as the seat of morality in man," and "extension of divine power to man; inspiration, a charismatic state; charismatic power," especially in reference to prophecy.</p> <p>The meaning "supernatural immaterial creature; angel, demon; an apparition, invisible corporeal being of an airy nature" is attested from mid-14c. The word is attested by late 14c. as "ghost, disembodied soul of a person" (compare <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of ghost " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/ghost#etymonline_v_6062">ghost</a> (n.)). <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">Spirit-rapping</i></strong>, colloquial for <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of spiritualism " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/spiritualism">spiritualism</a> in the supernatural sense, is from 1852. <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">Spirit-world</i></strong> "world of disembodied spirits" is by 1829.</p> <p>It is attested from late 14c. as "essential nature, essential quality." The non-theological sense of "essential principle of something" (as in <i class="foreign notranslate">Spirit of St. Louis</i>) is attested from 1680s and was common after 1800. The <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">Spirit of '76</i></strong> in reference to the qualities that sparked and sustained the American Revolution of 1776 is attested by 1797 in William Cobbett's "Porcupine's Gazette and Daily Advertiser."</p> <p>It also is attested from mid-14c. in English as "character, disposition; way of thinking and feeling, state of mind; source of a human desire;" in Middle English <i class="foreign notranslate">freedom of spirit</i> meant "freedom of choice." It is attested from 1580s in the metaphoric sense of "animation, vitality," and by c. 1600 as "frame of mind with which something is done," also "mettle, vigor of mind, courage."</p> <p>From late 14c. in alchemy as "volatile substance; distillate" (and from c. 1500 as "substance capable of uniting the fixed and the volatile elements of the philosopher's stone"). Hence <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">spirits</i></strong> "volatile substance;" the sense of which narrowed to "strong alcoholic liquor" by 1670s. This also is the sense in <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">spirit level</i></strong> (1768), so called for the liquid in the clear tube.</p> <p>According to Barnhart and OED (1989), the earliest use of the word in English mainly is from passages in the Vulgate, where the Latin word translates Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">pneuma</i> and Hebrew <i class="foreign notranslate">ruah</i>. A distinction between <i class="foreign notranslate"><a href="/word/soul" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of soul " class="crossreference notranslate">soul</a></i> and <i class="foreign notranslate">spirit</i> (as "seat of emotions") became current in Christian terminology (such as Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">psykhē</i> and <i class="foreign notranslate">pneuma</i>, Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">anima</i> and <i class="foreign notranslate">spiritus</i>) but "is without significance for earlier periods" [Buck]. Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">spiritus</i>, usually in classical Latin "breath," replaced <i class="foreign notranslate">animus</i> in the sense "spirit" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">pneuma</i>.</p> <blockquote> in brief, conceive light invisible, and that is a spirit. [T. Browne, " <i class="foreign notranslate">Religio Medici</i>"] </blockquote></section><div class="rounded-sm my-4"><div class="relative shadow-black/5 shadow-none rounded-small w-full transition-all duration-500 sm:w-[200px] sm:cursor-zoom-in" style="max-width:fit-content"> <img src="https://d27spt9mr53co4.cloudfront.net/chart/etymology-spirit-24031p_l.jpg?undefined" class="relative z-10 opacity-0 shadow-black/5 data-[loaded=true]:opacity-100 shadow-none transition-transform-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none !duration-300 rounded-small object-cover w-full h-auto" alt="spirit"/></div></div><div class=""><p class="text-sm font-sans text-battleship-gray flex items-center mt-0"><a class="inline-flex items-center text-battleship-gray hover:text-primary transition-colors group hover:no-underline" rel="nofollow" aria-label="also from mid-13c." title="Search for words also from mid-13c." href="/search?sort=a&q=from%3Amid-13c."><span class="inline-flex items-center font-normal">also from mid-13c.</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ml-0 w-4 h-4 text-lg transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-0.5" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a></p></div></section></div><div class="space-y-2 pb-2"><section class="prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none"><div><h2 id="#etymonline_v_24390" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-4xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">spirit</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl">(v.)</span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>1590s, "to make more active or energetic" (of blood, strong drink, etc.), from <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of spirit " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/spirit#etymonline_v_24031">spirit</a> (n.). By c. 1600 as "animate (a person), inspire with courage." The meaning "carry off or away secretly" (as though by supernatural agency) is by 1660s and was used especially in reference to kidnappings for the American colonies. To <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">spirit up</i></strong> "raise the spirits of" is from 1712. Related: <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of Spirited " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/spirited">Spirited</a>; <i class="foreign notranslate">spiriting</i>.</p></section><div class="rounded-sm my-4"><div class="relative shadow-black/5 shadow-none rounded-small w-full transition-all duration-500 sm:w-[200px] sm:cursor-zoom-in" style="max-width:fit-content"> <img src="https://d27spt9mr53co4.cloudfront.net/chart/etymology-spirit-24390p_l.jpg?undefined" class="relative z-10 opacity-0 shadow-black/5 data-[loaded=true]:opacity-100 shadow-none transition-transform-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none !duration-300 rounded-small object-cover w-full h-auto" alt="spirit"/></div></div><div class="-mb-6 lg:-mb-8"><p class="text-sm font-sans text-battleship-gray flex items-center mt-0"><a class="inline-flex items-center text-battleship-gray hover:text-primary transition-colors group hover:no-underline" rel="nofollow" aria-label="also from 1590s" title="Search for words also from 1590s" href="/search?sort=a&q=from%3A1590s"><span class="inline-flex items-center font-normal">also from 1590s</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ml-0 w-4 h-4 text-lg transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-0.5" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a></p></div></section></div></div></div></div><div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Entries linking to <em> spirit </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of conspire" class="w-full group" href="/word/conspire"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_18248" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">conspire</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(v.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>late 14c., "aspire or plan maliciously, agree together to commit a criminal or reprehensible act," from Old French <i class="foreign notranslate">conspirer</i> (14c.), from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">conspirare</i> "to agree, unite, plot," literally "to breathe together," from assimilated form of <i class="foreign notranslate">com</i> "with, together" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of con- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/con-">con-</a>) + <i class="foreign notranslate">spirare</i> "to breathe" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of spirit " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/spirit#etymonline_v_24031">spirit</a> (n.)), perhaps on the notion of "to agree (by spoken oath) to commit a bad act." Or perhaps the notion is "to blow together" musical instruments, i.e., "to sound in unison."</p> <p>Neutral or good sense of "to contribute jointly to a certain result" is from 1530s. Related: <i class="foreign notranslate">Conspired</i>; <i class="foreign notranslate">conspiring</i>.</p></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of expire" class="w-full group" href="/word/expire"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_14089" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">expire</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(v.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>c. 1400, "to die," from Old French <i class="foreign notranslate">expirer</i> "expire, elapse" (12c.), from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">expirare</i>/<i class="foreign notranslate">exspirare</i> "breathe out, blow out, exhale; breathe one's last, die," hence, figuratively, "expire, come to an end, cease," from <i class="foreign notranslate">ex</i> "out" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of ex- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/ex-">ex-</a>) + <i class="foreign notranslate">spirare</i> "to breathe" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of spirit " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/spirit#etymonline_v_24031">spirit</a> (n.)). "Die" is the older sense in English; that of "breathe out" is attested from 1580s. Of laws, patents, treaties, etc., mid-15c. In 17c. also transitive. Related: <i class="foreign notranslate">Expired</i>; <i class="foreign notranslate">expiring</i>.</p></section></div></div></div><div class="mt-4"><ul class="list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap"><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of ghost" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/ghost">ghost</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of inspire" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/inspire">inspire</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of soul" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/soul">soul</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of spirited" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/spirited">spirited</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of spiritualism" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/spiritualism">spiritualism</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of aspire" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/aspire">aspire</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of dispirit" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/dispirit">dispirit</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of esprit" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/esprit">esprit</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of inspiration" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/inspiration">inspiration</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of perspiration" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/perspiration">perspiration</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of perspire" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/perspire">perspire</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of psyche" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/psyche">psyche</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of respiration" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/respiration">respiration</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of respire" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/respire">respire</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of spiracle" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/spiracle">spiracle</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of spirant" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/spirant">spirant</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of spiritless" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/spiritless">spiritless</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of spiritual" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/spiritual">spiritual</a></li><li><a role="button" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 border-medium min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-full [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none border-primary text-primary data-[hover=true]:!bg-primary data-[hover=true]:!text-primary-foreground text-sm sm:text-base md:text-lg font-sans bg-primary/10 dark:bg-primary/5 hover:text-white px-2 sm:px-3 md:px-4 whitespace-normal sm:whitespace-nowrap" href="/word/spirit/related">See All Related Words (29)<div class="-ml-1"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="text-3xl text-inherit" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">Advertisement</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_ngram" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all mt-1 w-full max-h-[250px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full bg-secondary/50"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">Want to remove ads? <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Log in</a> to see fewer ads, and become a <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Premium Member</a> to remove all ads.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="min-h-unit-7"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Trends of <em> spirit </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><canvas role="img" height="150" width="300"></canvas><div class="text-left text-xs font-sans italic py-2 text-spanish-gray dark:text-davis-gray">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/ with a 7-year moving average; ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">More to explore</h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of ghost" class="w-full group" href="/word/ghost"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">ghost</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="Old English gast "breath; good or bad spirit, angel, demon; person, man, human being," in Biblical use "soul, spirit, life," from Proto-West Germanic *gaistaz (source also of Old Saxon gest, Old Frisian jest, Middle Dutch gheest, Dutch geest, German Geist "spirit, ghost"). This i" class="block" href="/word/ghost"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of ghost">Old English gast "breath; good or bad spirit, angel, demon; person, man, human being," in Biblical use "soul, spirit, life," from Proto-West Germanic *gaistaz (source also of Old Saxon gest, Old Frisian jest, Middle Dutch gheest, Dutch geest, German Geist "spirit, ghost"). This i</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of inspire" class="w-full group" href="/word/inspire"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">inspire</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="mid-14c., enspiren, "to fill (the mind, heart, etc., with grace, etc.);" also "to prompt or induce (someone to do something)," from Old French enspirer (13c.), from Latin inspirare "blow into, breathe upon," figuratively "inspire, excite, inflame," from in- "in" (from PIE root *e" class="block" href="/word/inspire"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of inspire">mid-14c., enspiren, "to fill (the mind, heart, etc., with grace, etc.);" also "to prompt or induce (someone to do something)," from Old French enspirer (13c.), from Latin inspirare "blow into, breathe upon," figuratively "inspire, excite, inflame," from in- "in" (from PIE root *e</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of soul" class="w-full group" href="/word/soul"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">soul</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""A substantial entity believed to be that in each person which lives, feels, thinks, and wills" [Century Dictionary], Middle English soule, from Old English sawol "spiritual and emotional part of a person, animate existence; life, living being," from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (sour" class="block" href="/word/soul"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of soul">"A substantial entity believed to be that in each person which lives, feels, thinks, and wills" [Century Dictionary], Middle English soule, from Old English sawol "spiritual and emotional part of a person, animate existence; life, living being," from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (sour</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of genius" class="w-full group" href="/word/genius"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">genius</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 14c., "tutelary or moral spirit" who guides and governs an individual through life, from Latin genius "guardian deity...or spirit which watches over each person from birth; spirit, incarnation; wit, talent;" also "prophetic skill; the male...spirit of a gens," originally "generative power" (or "inborn nature"), from PIE *gen(e)-yo-, from root *gene- "give birth..." class="block" href="/word/genius"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of genius">late 14c., "tutelary or moral spirit" who guides and governs an individual through life, from Latin genius "guardian deity...or spirit which watches over each person from birth; spirit, incarnation; wit, talent;" also "prophetic skill; the male...spirit of a gens," originally "generative power" (or "inborn nature"), from PIE *gen(e)-yo-, from root *gene- "give birth...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of pneuma" class="w-full group" href="/word/pneuma"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">pneuma</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="("breath;" "spirit;" "soul;" "a breathing;" also as a technical term), from Greek pneuma "a blowing, a wind, blast; breeze...; influence; breathed air, breath; odor, scent; spirit of a person; inspiration, a spirit, ghost," from pnein "to blow, to..." class="block" href="/word/pneuma"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of pneuma">("breath;" "spirit;" "soul;" "a breathing;" also as a technical term), from Greek pneuma "a blowing, a wind, blast; breeze...; influence; breathed air, breath; odor, scent; spirit of a person; inspiration, a spirit, ghost," from pnein "to blow, to...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of contrite" class="w-full group" href="/word/contrite"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">contrite</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""broken in spirit by a sense of guilt, conscience-stricken and resolved to not sin again," c. 1300, from Old French contrit...Used in Church Latin in a figurative sense of "crushed in spirit by a sense of sin." Related: Contritely...." class="block" href="/word/contrite"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of contrite">"broken in spirit by a sense of guilt, conscience-stricken and resolved to not sin again," c. 1300, from Old French contrit...Used in Church Latin in a figurative sense of "crushed in spirit by a sense of sin." Related: Contritely....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of obsession" class="w-full group" href="/word/obsession"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">obsession</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="Later (c. 1600), "hostile action of an evil spirit" (like possession but without the spirit actually inhabiting the body)..." class="block" href="/word/obsession"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of obsession">Later (c. 1600), "hostile action of an evil spirit" (like possession but without the spirit actually inhabiting the body)...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of banshee" class="w-full group" href="/word/banshee"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">banshee</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="in Irish folklore, a type of female fairy believed to foretell deaths by singing in a mournful, unearthly voice, 1771, from phonetic spelling of Irish bean sidhe "female of the Elves," from bean "woman" (from PIE root *gwen- "woman") + Irish sidhe (Gaelic sith) "fairy" or sid "fa" class="block" href="/word/banshee"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of banshee">in Irish folklore, a type of female fairy believed to foretell deaths by singing in a mournful, unearthly voice, 1771, from phonetic spelling of Irish bean sidhe "female of the Elves," from bean "woman" (from PIE root *gwen- "woman") + Irish sidhe (Gaelic sith) "fairy" or sid "fa</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of energy" class="w-full group" href="/word/energy"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">energy</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="1590s, "force of expression," from French énergie (16c.), from Late Latin energia, from Greek energeia "activity, action, operation," from energos "active, working," from en "at" (see en- (2)) + -ergos "that works," from ergon "work, that which is wrought; business; action" (from" class="block" href="/word/energy"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of energy">1590s, "force of expression," from French énergie (16c.), from Late Latin energia, from Greek energeia "activity, action, operation," from energos "active, working," from en "at" (see en- (2)) + -ergos "that works," from ergon "work, that which is wrought; business; action" (from</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of presence" class="w-full group" href="/word/presence"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">presence</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="mid-14c., "fact of being present, state of being in a certain place and not some other," also "space before or around someone or something," from Old French presence (12c., Modern French présence), from Latin praesentia "a being present," from praesentem (see present (adj.)). Fro" class="block" href="/word/presence"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of presence">mid-14c., "fact of being present, state of being in a certain place and not some other," also "space before or around someone or something," from Old French presence (12c., Modern French présence), from Latin praesentia "a being present," from praesentem (see present (adj.)). Fro</div></a></div></div></div><div><div class="w-full space-y-4 pb-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Share <em>spirit</em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex gap-4 items-center"><button class="text-lg bg-secondary font-bold text-battleship-gray/80 px-4 py-2 rounded-full transition-colors hover:text-primary hover:bg-gray-200">‘cite’</button><button class="text-2xl bg-secondary text-battleship-gray/80 cursor-pointer hover:text-[#1877f2] p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-gray-100" rel="nofollow"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 320 512" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path></svg></button><button class="text-2xl 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56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">APA Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy APA Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of spirit. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved April 1, 2025, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/spirit</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy APA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Chicago Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy Chicago Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper Douglas, "Etymology of spirit," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed April 1, 2025, https://www.etymonline.com/word/spirit.</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy Chicago Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">MLA Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy MLA Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper, Douglas. "Etymology of spirit." Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/spirit. Accessed 1 April, 2025.</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy MLA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">IEEE Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy IEEE Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">D. Harper. "Etymology of spirit." Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/spirit (accessed April 1, 2025).</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy IEEE Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 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136.2-40.2 199.3C958 772.3 921 827 874 874c-47 47-101.8 83.9-162.7 109.7-63.1 26.8-130.2 40.3-199.3 40.3z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="w-full"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none bg-secondary/20 shadow-none border border-secondary/30 rounded-md min-w-[300px] w-full" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large font-medium font-sans text-davis-gray items-start justify-start hyphens-auto" lang="en"><span>Dictionary entries near <em>spirit</em></span></div><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider" role="separator"/><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><ul class="list-none list-none grid grid-cols-1"><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/spiracle" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of spiracle" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spiracle</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/spiral" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of spiral" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spiral</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/spirant" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of spirant" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spirant</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/spire" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of spire" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spire</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/Spirillum" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of Spirillum" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">Spirillum</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity opacity-disabled cursor-default pointer-events-none w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" data-disabled="true" href="/word/spirit" rel="nofollow" role="link" aria-disabled="true" title="Origin and meaning of spirit" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spirit</span></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/spirited" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of spirited" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spirited</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/-spirited" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of -spirited" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">-spirited</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/spiritless" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of spiritless" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spiritless</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/spiritual" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of spiritual" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spiritual</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/spiritualism" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of spiritualism" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">spiritualism</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 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earliest year for which there is a surviving written record of that word (in English, unless otherwise indicated). This should be taken as approximate, especially before about 1700, since a word may have been used in conversation for hundreds of years before it turns up in a manuscript that has had the good fortune to survive the centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe basic sources of this work are Weekley's \"An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English,\" Klein's \"A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language,\" \"Oxford English Dictionary\" (second edition), \"Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology,\" Holthausen's \"Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache,\" and Kipfer and Chapman's \"Dictionary of American Slang.\"A full list of print sources used in this compilation can be found \u003ca rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"/columns/post/sources\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSince this dictionary went up, it has benefited from the suggestions of dozens of people I have never met, from around the world. Tremendous thanks and appreciation to all of you. \u003c/p\u003e\n "])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en-US\",\"suppressHydrationWarning\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"className\":\"debug-screens min-h-screen min-w-[320px] font-sans selection:bg-secondary dark:selection:bg-foreground/30 laptop:font-serif desktop:font-serif\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"position\":\"top-center\",\"closeButton\":true,\"richColors\":true,\"expand\":true,\"style\":{\"marginTop\":\"4rem\"}}],[\"$\",\"$L1c\",null,{\"errorComponent\":\"$3\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1d\",null,{\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"messages\":{\"global\":{\"metaData\":{\"title\":\"Etymonline - Online Etymology Dictionary\"},\"header\":{\"forum\":\"Forum\",\"columns\":\"Columns\",\"apps\":\"Apps\",\"premium\":\"Premium\",\"profile\":\"Profile\",\"login\":\"Log in\",\"logout\":\"Log out\"},\"pagination\":{\"previous\":\"Previous\",\"next\":\"Next\"},\"search\":{\"search\":\"Search\",\"inputTitle\":\"Type a word to search\",\"hint\":\"Search \\\"{word}\\\"\",\"cancel\":\"Cancel\"},\"trending\":{\"title\":\"Trending\"},\"login\":{\"title\":\"Log in to Your Account\",\"continueWithGoogle\":\"Continue with Google\",\"continueWithApple\":\"Continue with Apple\",\"tooManyRequests\":\"Too many requests. 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words\"},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/word/spirit\",\"name\":\"spirit\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https://www.etymonline.com\"}]2c:T14d0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003emid-13c., \"life, the animating or vital principle in man and animals,\" from Anglo-French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espirit\u003c/span\u003e, Old French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eespirit\u003c/span\u003e \"spirit, soul\" (12c., Modern French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eesprit\u003c/span\u003e) and directly from Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espiritus\u003c/span\u003e \"a breathing (of respiration, also of the wind), breath;\" also \"breath of a god,\" hence \"inspiration; breath of life,\" hence life itself.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eThe Latin word also could mean \"disposition, character; high spirit, vigor, courage; pride, arrogance.\" It is a derivative of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espirare\u003c/span\u003e \"to breathe,\" and formerly was said to be perhaps from a PIE \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*(s)peis-\u003c/span\u003e \"to blow\" (source also of Old Church Slavonic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003episto\u003c/span\u003e \"to play on the flute\"). But de Vaan says the Latin verb is \"Possibly an onomatopoeic formation imitating the sound of breathing. There are no direct cognates.\" Compare \u003ca href=\"/word/conspire\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of conspire \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003econspire\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/expire\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of expire \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eexpire\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/inspire\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of inspire \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003einspire\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eIn English it is attested from late 14c. as \"divine substance, divine mind, God;\" also \"Christ\" or His divine nature; also \"the Holy Ghost; divine power.\" Also by late 14c. as \"the soul as the seat of morality in man,\" and \"extension of divine power to man; inspiration, a charismatic state; charismatic power,\" especially in reference to prophecy.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eThe meaning \"supernatural immaterial creature; angel, demon; an apparition, invisible corporeal being of an airy nature\" is attested from mid-14c. The word is attested by late 14c. as \"ghost, disembodied soul of a person\" (compare \u003ca href=\"/word/ghost#etymonline_v_6062\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of ghost \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eghost\u003c/a\u003e (n.)). \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eSpirit-rapping\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e, colloquial for \u003ca href=\"/word/spiritualism\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of spiritualism \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003espiritualism\u003c/a\u003e in the supernatural sense, is from 1852. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eSpirit-world\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e \"world of disembodied spirits\" is by 1829.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eIt is attested from late 14c. as \"essential nature, essential quality.\" The non-theological sense of \"essential principle of something\" (as in \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eSpirit of St. Louis\u003c/span\u003e) is attested from 1680s and was common after 1800. The \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eSpirit of '76\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e in reference to the qualities that sparked and sustained the American Revolution of 1776 is attested by 1797 in William Cobbett's \"Porcupine's Gazette and Daily Advertiser.\"\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eIt also is attested from mid-14c. in English as \"character, disposition; way of thinking and feeling, state of mind; source of a human desire;\" in Middle English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003efreedom of spirit\u003c/span\u003e meant \"freedom of choice.\" It is attested from 1580s in the metaphoric sense of \"animation, vitality,\" and by c. 1600 as \"frame of mind with which something is done,\" also \"mettle, vigor of mind, courage.\"\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eFrom late 14c. in alchemy as \"volatile substance; distillate\" (and from c. 1500 as \"substance capable of uniting the fixed and the volatile elements of the philosopher's stone\"). Hence \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espirits\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e \"volatile substance;\" the sense of which narrowed to \"strong alcoholic liquor\" by 1670s. This also is the sense in \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espirit level\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e (1768), so called for the liquid in the clear tube.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Barnhart and OED (1989), the earliest use of the word in English mainly is from passages in the Vulgate, where the Latin word translates Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epneuma\u003c/span\u003e and Hebrew \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eruah\u003c/span\u003e. A distinction between \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/word/soul\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of soul \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003esoul\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espirit\u003c/span\u003e (as \"seat of emotions\") became current in Christian terminology (such as Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epsykhē\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epneuma\u003c/span\u003e, Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eanima\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espiritus\u003c/span\u003e) but \"is without significance for earlier periods\" [Buck]. Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espiritus\u003c/span\u003e, usually in classical Latin \"breath,\" replaced \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eanimus\u003c/span\u003e in the sense \"spirit\" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epneuma\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n in brief, conceive light invisible, and that is a spirit. [T. Browne, \" \n \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eReligio Medici\u003c/span\u003e\"] \n\u003c/blockquote\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:Td22,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"mid-13c., \"life, the animating or vital principle in man and animals,\" from Anglo-French spirit, Old French espirit \"spirit, soul\" (12c., Modern French esprit) and directly from Latin spiritus \"a breathing (of respiration, also of the wind), breath;\" also \"breath of a god,\" hence \"inspiration; breath of life,\" hence life itself. The Latin word also could mean \"disposition, character; high spirit, vigor, courage; pride, arrogance.\" It is a derivative of spirare \"to breathe,\" and formerly was said to be perhaps from a PIE *(s)peis- \"to blow\" (source also of Old Church Slavonic pisto \"to play on the flute\"). But de Vaan says the Latin verb is \"Possibly an onomatopoeic formation imitating the sound of breathing. There are no direct cognates.\" Compare conspire, expire, inspire. In English it is attested from late 14c. as \"divine substance, divine mind, God;\" also \"Christ\" or His divine nature; also \"the Holy Ghost; divine power.\" Also by late 14c. as \"the soul as the seat of morality in man,\" and \"extension of divine power to man; inspiration, a charismatic state; charismatic power,\" especially in reference to prophecy. The meaning \"supernatural immaterial creature; angel, demon; an apparition, invisible corporeal being of an airy nature\" is attested from mid-14c. The word is attested by late 14c. as \"ghost, disembodied soul of a person\" (compare ghost (n.)). Spirit-rapping, colloquial for spiritualism in the supernatural sense, is from 1852. Spirit-world \"world of disembodied spirits\" is by 1829. It is attested from late 14c. as \"essential nature, essential quality.\" The non-theological sense of \"essential principle of something\" (as in Spirit of St. Louis) is attested from 1680s and was common after 1800. The Spirit of '76 in reference to the qualities that sparked and sustained the American Revolution of 1776 is attested by 1797 in William Cobbett's \"Porcupine's Gazette and Daily Advertiser.\" It also is attested from mid-14c. in English as \"character, disposition; way of thinking and feeling, state of mind; source of a human desire;\" in Middle English freedom of spirit meant \"freedom of choice.\" It is attested from 1580s in the metaphoric sense of \"animation, vitality,\" and by c. 1600 as \"frame of mind with which something is done,\" also \"mettle, vigor of mind, courage.\" From late 14c. in alchemy as \"volatile substance; distillate\" (and from c. 1500 as \"substance capable of uniting the fixed and the volatile elements of the philosopher's stone\"). Hence spirits \"volatile substance;\" the sense of which narrowed to \"strong alcoholic liquor\" by 1670s. This also is the sense in spirit level (1768), so called for the liquid in the clear tube. According to Barnhart and OED (1989), the earliest use of the word in English mainly is from passages in the Vulgate, where the Latin word translates Greek pneuma and Hebrew ruah. A distinction between soul and spirit (as \"seat of emotions\") became current in Christian terminology (such as Greek psykhē and pneuma, Latin anima and spiritus) but \"is without significance for earlier periods\" [Buck]. Latin spiritus, usually in classical Latin \"breath,\" replaced animus in the sense \"spirit\" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Greek pneuma. in brief, conceive light invisible, and that is a spirit. [T. Browne, \" Religio Medici\"]"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T44b,\u003cp\u003elate 14c., \"aspire or plan maliciously, agree together to commit a criminal or reprehensible act,\" from Old French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003econspirer\u003c/span\u003e (14c.), from Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003econspirare\u003c/span\u003e \"to agree, unite, plot,\" literally \"to breathe together,\" from assimilated form of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecom\u003c/span\u003e \"with, together\" (see \u003ca href=\"/word/con-\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of con- \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003econ-\u003c/a\u003e) + \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espirare\u003c/span\u003e \"to breathe\" (see \u003ca href=\"/word/spirit#etymonline_v_24031\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of spirit \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003espirit\u003c/a\u003e (n.)), perhaps on the notion of \"to agree (by spoken oath) to commit a bad act.\" Or perhaps the notion is \"to blow together\" musical instruments, i.e., \"to sound in unison.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeutral or good sense of \"to contribute jointly to a certain result\" is from 1530s. Related: \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eConspired\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003econspiring\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e:[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$29\"}}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full lg:w-[728px] items-start\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{\"slot\":\"pc_wd_top\",\"className\":\"h-[90px] w-[728px]\",\"isMobile\":false,\"wrapperConfigs\":{\"base\":{\"type\":\"main\",\"closeType\":\"none\",\"labelType\":\"none\"},\"lg\":{\"type\":\"normal\",\"closeType\":\"remove\",\"labelType\":\"none\"}}}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4 space-y-12 mobile:space-y-8 w-full\",\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-2xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Origin and history of \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"spirit\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider\",\"role\":\"separator\",\"data-orientation\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-white mobile:bg-transparent dark:bg-secondary dark:mobile:bg-transparent rounded-lg lg:shadow-sm pl-6 pr-6 pt-2 pb-6 mobile:p-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"vocabularies\":[{\"doc_id\":\"8474b8609e772af467ac0fc4acad4dd4_ev\",\"domain_id\":24031,\"graph_key\":\"etymology-spirit-24031\",\"word\":\"spirit\",\"toxicity\":3,\"type\":0,\"thumbnail\":true,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2c\",\"etymology_plain\":\"$2d\",\"first_recorded\":\"mid-13c.\",\"content_length\":3361,\"modify_time\":1711207284000},{\"doc_id\":\"40d300970074f93e6a14657860750219_ev\",\"domain_id\":24390,\"graph_key\":\"etymology-spirit-24390\",\"word\":\"spirit\",\"toxicity\":3,\"type\":0,\"thumbnail\":true,\"property\":\"(v.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e1590s, \\\"to make more active or energetic\\\" (of blood, strong drink, etc.), from \u003ca href=\\\"/word/spirit#etymonline_v_24031\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of spirit \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003espirit\u003c/a\u003e (n.). By c. 1600 as \\\"animate (a person), inspire with courage.\\\" The meaning \\\"carry off or away secretly\\\" (as though by supernatural agency) is by 1660s and was used especially in reference to kidnappings for the American colonies. To \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003espirit up\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e \\\"raise the spirits of\\\" is from 1712. Related: \u003ca href=\\\"/word/spirited\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of Spirited \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003eSpirited\u003c/a\u003e; \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003espiriting\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"etymology_plain\":\"1590s, \\\"to make more active or energetic\\\" (of blood, strong drink, etc.), from spirit (n.). By c. 1600 as \\\"animate (a person), inspire with courage.\\\" The meaning \\\"carry off or away secretly\\\" (as though by supernatural agency) is by 1660s and was used especially in reference to kidnappings for the American colonies. To spirit up \\\"raise the spirits of\\\" is from 1712. Related: Spirited; spiriting.\",\"first_recorded\":\"1590s\",\"content_length\":396,\"modify_time\":1683270002000}],\"showLabel\":false,\"isMobile\":false,\"insertAds\":true,\"showTranslate\":true}]}]]}],false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-1\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Entries linking to \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"spirit\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider\",\"role\":\"separator\",\"data-orientation\":\"$undefined\"}]}]]}],[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"conspire\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2e\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_18248\",\"domain_id\":\"18248\",\"word\":\"conspire\",\"canonical_word\":\"conspire\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(v.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2f\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"locale_code\":\"en\",\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":false}],false]}],[\"$\",\"$1\",\"expire\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2e\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_14089\",\"domain_id\":\"14089\",\"word\":\"expire\",\"canonical_word\":\"expire\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(v.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003ec. 1400, \\\"to die,\\\" from Old French \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eexpirer\u003c/span\u003e \\\"expire, elapse\\\" (12c.), from Latin \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eexpirare\u003c/span\u003e/\u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eexspirare\u003c/span\u003e \\\"breathe out, blow out, exhale; breathe one's last, die,\\\" hence, figuratively, \\\"expire, come to an end, cease,\\\" from \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eex\u003c/span\u003e \\\"out\\\" (see \u003ca href=\\\"/word/ex-\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of ex- \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003eex-\u003c/a\u003e) + \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003espirare\u003c/span\u003e \\\"to breathe\\\" (see \u003ca href=\\\"/word/spirit#etymonline_v_24031\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of spirit \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003espirit\u003c/a\u003e (n.)). \\\"Die\\\" is the older sense in English; that of \\\"breathe out\\\" is attested from 1580s. Of laws, patents, treaties, etc., mid-15c. In 17c. also transitive. Related: \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eExpired\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eexpiring\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"locale_code\":\"en\",\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":false}],false]}]]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap\",\"children\":[[[\"$\",\"li\",\"ghost\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L30\",null,{\"radius\":\"sm\",\"as\":\"$16\",\"title\":\"Origin and meaning of ghost\",\"className\":\"bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white\",\"href\":\"/word/ghost\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"ghost\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"inspire\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L30\",null,{\"radius\":\"sm\",\"as\":\"$16\",\"title\":\"Origin and meaning of inspire\",\"className\":\"bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary 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