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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annual_cultural_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_cultural_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Annual cultural events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_cultural_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monthly_cultural_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monthly_cultural_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Monthly cultural events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monthly_cultural_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Register_of_Historic_Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Register_of_Historic_Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>National Register of Historic Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Register_of_Historic_Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professional_and_Semi-professional_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_and_Semi-professional_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Professional and Semi-professional teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_and_Semi-professional_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Little_League" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Little_League"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Little League</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Little_League-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Parks and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Municipal government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-K-12_Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#K-12_Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>K-12 Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-K-12_Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>Highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>Rail service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.3</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_bus_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_bus_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.4</span> <span>Intercity bus service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_bus_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.5</span> <span>Public transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modal_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modal_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.6</span> <span>Modal characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modal_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milwaukee_Avenue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milwaukee_Avenue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.7</span> <span>Milwaukee Avenue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milwaukee_Avenue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lubbock_Power_and_Light" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lubbock_Power_and_Light"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Lubbock Power and Light</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lubbock_Power_and_Light-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Arts and science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Current sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lubbock, Texas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbek" title="Lubbek – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lubbek" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83" title="لوبوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوبوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Texas)" title="Lubbock (Texas) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lubbock (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%8C_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="لاباک، تکزاس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاباک، تکزاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Лабак (Тэхас) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лабак (Тэхас)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Лабак (Тэхас) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лабак (Тэхас)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BA_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Лъбък (Тексас) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лъбък (Тексас)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Texas)" title="Lubbock (Texas) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lubbock (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Texas)" title="Lubbock (Texas) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lubbock (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Texas)" title="Lubbock (Texas) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lubbock (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Texas)" title="Lubbock (Texas) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lubbock (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA_(%CE%A4%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%82)" title="Λάμποκ (Τέξας) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λάμποκ (Τέξας)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Texas)" title="Lubbock (Texas) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lubbock (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DA%A9_(%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="لابک (تگزاس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لابک (تگزاس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Lubbock (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lubbock (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Teksas)" title="Lubbock (Teksas) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lubbock (Teksas)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A4%DA%A9_(%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="لابؤک (تگزاس) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="لابؤک (تگزاس)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EB%B2%85_(%ED%85%8D%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC)" title="러벅 (텍사스주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러벅 (텍사스주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%84" title="Լաբոք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լաբոք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Teksas" title="Lubbock, Teksas – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lubbock, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A7" title="לאבק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאבק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Teksas" title="Lubbock, Teksas – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lubbock, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Texas)" title="Lubbock (Texas) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lubbock (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboka" title="Laboka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Laboka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labokas" title="Labokas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Labokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D,_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലബ്ബോക്ക്, ടെക്സസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലബ്ബോക്ക്, ടെക്സസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8)" title="लबक (टेक्सास) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लबक (टेक्सास)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83" title="لوبوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لوبوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF_(%E3%83%86%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9%E5%B7%9E)" title="ラボック (テキサス州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラボック (テキサス州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Лаббок – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лаббок" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_(Texas)" title="Lubbock (Texas) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lubbock (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="لبک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لبک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Лаббок (Техас) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лаббок (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="لابۆک، تێکساس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لابۆک، تێکساس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Лабок (Тексас) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лабок (Тексас)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Лаббок – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лаббок" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Teksas" title="Lubbock, Teksas – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lubbock, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Лаббок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лаббок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="لابوک، ٹیکساس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لابوک، ٹیکساس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock" title="Lubbock – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lubbock" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lubbock, Texas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%EF%BC%88%E5%BE%97%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="拉伯克（得克萨斯州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉伯克（得克萨斯州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B" title="拉伯克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉伯克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49273#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="View the content page [c]" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lubbock,_Texas&params=33_35_06_N_101_50_42_W_region:US-TX_type:city(266878)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°35′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">101°50′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.58500°N 101.84500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.58500; -101.84500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Texas</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lubbock" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lubbock (disambiguation)">Lubbock (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Texas, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Lubbock, Texas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Texas">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Lubbock in 2024"><img alt="Downtown Lubbock in 2024" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lubbock_Skyline.jpg/250px-Lubbock_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lubbock_Skyline.jpg/375px-Lubbock_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lubbock_Skyline.jpg/500px-Lubbock_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4567" data-file-height="3045" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Lubbock in 2024</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lubbock,_Texas.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lubbock, Texas"><img alt="Flag of Lubbock, Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Lubbock%2C_Texas.svg/100px-Flag_of_Lubbock%2C_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Lubbock%2C_Texas.svg/150px-Flag_of_Lubbock%2C_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Lubbock%2C_Texas.svg/200px-Flag_of_Lubbock%2C_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_tx_city_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Lubbock, Texas"><img alt="Official logo of Lubbock, Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/Lubbock_tx_city_logo.png/100px-Lubbock_tx_city_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/Lubbock_tx_city_logo.png/150px-Lubbock_tx_city_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/Lubbock_tx_city_logo.png/200px-Lubbock_tx_city_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="118" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Hub City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_fdb8a4cce75dccee733e062415d887eda6e804cb"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lubbock%2C_Texas&revid=1256769051&groups=_fdb8a4cce75dccee733e062415d887eda6e804cb" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lubbock%2C_Texas&revid=1256769051&groups=_fdb8a4cce75dccee733e062415d887eda6e804cb 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Lubbock</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lubbock,_Texas&params=33_35_06_N_101_50_42_W_region:US-TX_type:city(266878)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°35′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">101°50′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.58500°N 101.84500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.58500; -101.84500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Lubbock County, Texas">Lubbock</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1889</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">March 16, 1909</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Saltus_Lubbock" title="Thomas Saltus Lubbock">Thomas Saltus Lubbock</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lubbock,_Texas" title="List of mayors of Lubbock, Texas">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mark McBrayer (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City Council">City Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Christy Martinez</li><li>Gordon Harris</li><li>David Glasheen</li><li>Brayden Rose</li><li>Jennifer Wilson</li><li>Tim Collins</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data">W. Jarrett Atkinson</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CensusGazetteer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusGazetteer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Texas">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">135.85 sq mi (351.85 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">134.60 sq mi (348.63 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1.24 sq mi (3.22 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,202 ft (976 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-CensusQuickFacts_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusQuickFacts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Texas">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">266,878</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">84th</a> in the United States</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Texas" title="List of municipalities in Texas">10th</a> in Texas</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,000/sq mi (760/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CensusUrban_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusUrban-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">272,280 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">150th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,562.1/sq mi (989.2/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2023Metro_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023Metro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">360,104 (US: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">155th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2023CSA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023CSA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">396,955 (US: <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">103th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lubbockite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">79401-79416, 79423, 79424, 79430, 79452, 79453, 79457, 79464, 79490, 79491, 79493, 79499</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_806" title="Area code 806">806</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">48-45000<sup id="cite_ref-CensusQuickFacts_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusQuickFacts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1374760<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.lubbock.tx.us">ci<wbr />.lubbock<wbr />.tx<wbr />.us</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lubbock</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LUB</span>-ək</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a city in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Lubbock County, Texas">Lubbock County</a>. With a population of 266,878 in 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-CensusQuickFacts_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusQuickFacts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Texas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Texas by population">10th-most populous</a> city in Texas and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">84th-most populous</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-2022Rank_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022Rank-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is in the <a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">northwestern</a> part of the state, in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> region, an area known historically and geographically as the <a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a>, and ecologically is part of the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a>, lying at the economic center of the <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_metropolitan_area" title="Lubbock metropolitan area">Lubbock metropolitan area</a>, which had an estimated population of 360,104 in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-2023Metro_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023Metro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lubbock's nickname, "Hub City", derives from it being the economic, educational, and health-care hub of the multicounty region, north of the <a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a> and south of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Panhandle">Texas Panhandle</a>, commonly called the <a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is heavily dependent on water from the <a href="/wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer" title="Ogallala Aquifer">Ogallala Aquifer</a> for <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a>. </p><p>Lubbock is home to <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University" title="Texas Tech University">Texas Tech University</a>, the sixth-largest college by enrollment in the state. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lubbock,_Texas" title="Timeline of Lubbock, Texas">Timeline of Lubbock, Texas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_-_Lubbock_-_NARA_-_68149542_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Texas_-_Lubbock_-_NARA_-_68149542_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Texas_-_Lubbock_-_NARA_-_68149542_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Texas_-_Lubbock_-_NARA_-_68149542_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Texas_-_Lubbock_-_NARA_-_68149542_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Texas_-_Lubbock_-_NARA_-_68149542_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Texas_-_Lubbock_-_NARA_-_68149542_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4309" data-file-height="5715" /></a><figcaption>Lubbock in 1928</figcaption></figure><p> In 1867, the land that would become Lubbock was the heart of <a href="/wiki/Comancheria" title="Comancheria">Comancheria</a>, the shifting domain controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_April_2022_48_(First_Baptist_Church).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lubbock_April_2022_48_%28First_Baptist_Church%29.jpg/220px-Lubbock_April_2022_48_%28First_Baptist_Church%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lubbock_April_2022_48_%28First_Baptist_Church%29.jpg/330px-Lubbock_April_2022_48_%28First_Baptist_Church%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lubbock_April_2022_48_%28First_Baptist_Church%29.jpg/440px-Lubbock_April_2022_48_%28First_Baptist_Church%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Lubbock has a large number of churches, including the downtown First <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> congregation.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lubbock County was founded in 1876. It was named after <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Saltus_Lubbock" title="Thomas Saltus Lubbock">Thomas Saltus Lubbock</a>, former Texas Ranger and brother of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Lubbock" title="Francis Lubbock">Francis Lubbock</a>, governor of Texas during the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1884, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">U.S. post office</a> existed in <a href="/wiki/Yellow_House_Canyon" title="Yellow House Canyon">Yellow House Canyon</a>. A small town, known as Old Lubbock, Lubbock, or North Town, was established about three miles to the east. In 1890, the original Lubbock merged with Monterey, another small town south of the canyon. The new town adopted the Lubbock name. The merger included moving the original Lubbock's Nicolett Hotel across the canyon on rollers to the new townsite. Lubbock became the county seat in 1891,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was incorporated on March 16, 1909. In the same year, the first railroad train arrived. </p><p>Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) was founded in Lubbock in 1923. A separate university, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_Health_Sciences_Center" title="Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center">Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center</a>, opened as Texas Tech University School of Medicine in 1969. Both universities are now overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_System" title="Texas Tech University System">Texas Tech University System</a>, after it was established in 1996 and based in Lubbock. <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Christian_University" title="Lubbock Christian University">Lubbock Christian University</a>, founded in 1957, affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a>, has its main campus in the city. <a href="/wiki/South_Plains_College" title="South Plains College">South Plains College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayland_Baptist_University" title="Wayland Baptist University">Wayland Baptist University</a> operate branch campuses in Lubbock. </p><p>At one time, Lubbock was home to <a href="/wiki/Reese_Air_Force_Base" title="Reese Air Force Base">Reese Air Force Base</a>, located 6 mi (10 km) west of the city. It was established in August 1941, during the defense build-up prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1941–1945), by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">United States Department of War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> as Lubbock Army Airfield. It served the old <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a>, and later the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> (USAF), after reorganization and establishment in 1947. The USAF base's primary mission throughout its existence was pilot training. The base was closed 30 September 1997, after being selected for closure by the <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure" title="Base Realignment and Closure">Base Realignment and Closure</a> Commission in 1995, and is now a research and business park called <a href="/wiki/Reese_Technology_Center" title="Reese Technology Center">Reese Technology Center</a>. </p><p>The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Lake_Landmark" title="Lubbock Lake Landmark">Lubbock Lake Landmark</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Texas_Tech_University" title="Museum of Texas Tech University">Museum of Texas Tech University</a>. The landmark is an archaeological and natural-history preserve at the northern edge of the city. It shows evidence of almost 12,000 years of human occupation in the region. The <a href="/wiki/National_Ranching_Heritage_Center" title="National Ranching Heritage Center">National Ranching Heritage Center</a>, also part of the Museum of Texas Tech University, houses historic ranch-related structures from the region. </p><p>During World War II, airmen cadets from the Royal Air Force, flying from their training base at Terrell, Texas, routinely flew to Lubbock on training flights. The town served as a stand-in for the British for Cork, Ireland, which was the same distance from London, England, as Lubbock is from Terrell. </p><p>In August 1951, a V-shaped formation of lights was seen over the city. The "<a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Lights" title="Lubbock Lights">Lubbock Lights</a>" series of sightings received national publicity and is regarded as one of the first great "<a href="/wiki/UFO" class="mw-redirect" title="UFO">UFO</a>" cases. The sightings were considered credible because they were witnessed by several respected science professors at Texas Technological College and were photographed by a Texas Tech student. The photographs were reprinted nationwide in newspapers and in <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Project_Blue_Book" title="Project Blue Book">Project Blue Book</a>, the USAF's official investigation of the UFO mystery, concluded the photographs were not a hoax and showed genuine objects, but dismissed the UFOs as being either "night-flying moths" or a type of bird called a <a href="/wiki/Plover" title="Plover">plover</a> reflected in the nighttime glow of Lubbock's new street lights. </p><p>In 1960, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> reported Lubbock's population as 128,691 and area as 75.0 sq mi (194 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-census_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 11, 1970, the <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubbock Tornado">Lubbock Tornado</a> struck the city. Twenty-six people died, and damage was estimated at $125 million. The <a href="/wiki/Metro_Tower_(Lubbock)" title="Metro Tower (Lubbock)">Metro Tower</a> (NTS Building), then known as the Great Plains Life Building, at 274 ft (84 m) in height, is believed to have been the tallest building ever to survive a direct hit from an <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F5</a> tornado.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the late 1970s to mid-1980s, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a> was a major Lubbock employer, manufacturing consumer electronics – including early calculators, digital watches, and <a href="/wiki/TI-99/4" class="mw-redirect" title="TI-99/4">TI-99 series</a> home computers. In the early 1980s, shipping up to 5,000 computers a day from the Lubbock factory, TI briefly dominated the U.S. home computer market.<sup id="cite_ref-death_1984_04_texasmonthly_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death_1984_04_texasmonthly-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August, 1988, tens of thousands of people came to Lubbock, drawn by an <a href="/wiki/1988_Lubbock_apparition_of_Mary" title="1988 Lubbock apparition of Mary">apparition of Mary</a>. </p><p>On August 12, 2008, the Lubbock Chamber of Commerce announced they would lead the effort to get enough signatures to have a vote on allowing county-wide packaged alcohol sales.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The petition effort was successful and the question was put to the voters. On May 9, 2009, Proposition 1, which expanded the sale of packaged alcohol in Lubbock County, passed by a margin of nearly two to one, with 64.5% in favor. Proposition 2, which legalized the sale of mixed drinks in restaurants county-wide, passed with 69.5% in favor.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 23, 2009, The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Alcoholic_Beverage_Commission" title="Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission">Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission</a> issued permits to more than 80 stores in Lubbock.<sup id="cite_ref-state-clear-stores-alcohol_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state-clear-stores-alcohol-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to May 9, 2009, Lubbock County allowed "package" sales of alcohol (sales of bottled liquor from liquor stores), but not "by the drink" sales, except at private establishments such as <a href="/wiki/Country_club" title="Country club">country clubs</a>. Inside the city limits, the situation was reversed, with restaurants and bars able to serve alcohol, but liquor stores forbidden. </p><p>After news broke about Planned Parenthood of Greater Texas hiring for a Lubbock location, Senator <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perry_(Texas_politician)" title="Charles Perry (Texas politician)">Charles Perry</a> started a petition to keep Planned Parenthood out of Lubbock.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 9, 2020, Senator Perry held a press conference with Representative <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Burrows" title="Dustin Burrows">Dustin Burrows</a> and Representative <a href="/wiki/John_Frullo" title="John Frullo">John Frullo</a> in support of Lubbock becoming a "sanctuary city for the unborn" through the passage of an ordinance, written by anti-abortion activist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lee_Dickson" title="Mark Lee Dickson">Mark Lee Dickson</a>, which would outlaw abortion within the city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 17, 2020, the Lubbock City Council voted 7–0 against the ordinance outlawing abortion, leading the "sanctuary city for the unborn" initiating committee to file for the ordinance to be placed on the May ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planned Parenthood began offering abortion services on April 15, 2021, with early voting taking place on April 19, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 1, 2021, the citizens of Lubbock voted on the ordinance with 62% in favor and 38% against, becoming the largest "sanctuary city for the unborn" in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planned Parenthood filed a lawsuit in an attempt to stop the ordinance from going into effect,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but lost their case after the ordinance went into effect on June 1, 2021, and a federal judge dismissed the case.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planned Parenthood later appealed the decision to the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, but in January 2022 withdrew their appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lubbock is considered to be the center of the <a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a> portion of the South Plains, with Midland on the southern edge, and Amarillo denoting the northern boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecoregions_of_Texas_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecoregions_of_Texas-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, as of 2022, the city has a total area of 135.85 sq mi (351.85 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 134.605 sq mi (348.63 km<sup>2</sup>) (99.08%) are land and 1.244 sq mi (3.22 km<sup>2</sup>), or (0.92%), is covered by water.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusGazetteer_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusGazetteer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population density was 1,900 inhabitants per square mile (730/km<sup>2</sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skyline">Skyline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Skyline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wells_Fargo_Building_Lubbock.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wells_Fargo_Building_Lubbock.JPG/220px-Wells_Fargo_Building_Lubbock.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wells_Fargo_Building_Lubbock.JPG/330px-Wells_Fargo_Building_Lubbock.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wells_Fargo_Building_Lubbock.JPG/440px-Wells_Fargo_Building_Lubbock.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3906" data-file-height="2537" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Building_(Lubbock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Building (Lubbock)">Wells Fargo Building</a> is the second-tallest building in Lubbock.</figcaption></figure> <p>The tallest buildings in Lubbock are listed below.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable">Rank </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Height<br /><small>ft / m</small> </th> <th>Floors (Stories) </th> <th>Year Completed </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro_Tower_(Lubbock)" title="Metro Tower (Lubbock)">NTS Tower</a> </td> <td>274/84 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Building_(Lubbock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Building (Lubbock)">Wells Fargo Building</a> </td> <td>209/64 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Tech_Media_and_Communication_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas Tech Media and Communication Building (page does not exist)">TTU Media and Communication Building</a> </td> <td>208/63 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overton_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overton Hotel (page does not exist)">Overton Hotel</a> </td> <td>165/50 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>TTU Architecture Building </td> <td>158/48 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Citizens Tower </td> <td>153/46.5 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Tower_(Lubbock)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Tower (Lubbock) (page does not exist)">Park Tower</a> </td> <td>150/46 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td>Caprock Hilton Hotel (demolished) </td> <td>144/44 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Lubbock County Office Building </td> <td>143/44 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Pioneer Hotel </td> <td>136/41.5 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 = </td> <td>TTU Chitwood Hall </td> <td>134/41 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 = </td> <td>TTU Coleman Hall </td> <td>134/41 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 = </td> <td>TTU Weymouth Hall </td> <td>134/41 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>Lubbock National Bank Building </td> <td>134/41 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenant Medical Center">Covenant Medical Center</a> </td> <td>114/34.5 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>Mahon Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse </td> <td>107/33 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Supermarkets_Arena#Design" title="United Supermarkets Arena">Victory Tower</a> </td> <td>96/29 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1999 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lubbock has a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate#Cold_semi-arid_climates" title="Semi-arid climate">cool semi-arid climate</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen classification</a> <i>BSk</i>). On average, Lubbock receives 18.33 in (466 mm) of rain and 7.0 in (0.18 m) of snow per year.<sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991-2020_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991-2020-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Lubbock was named the "Toughest Weather City" in America according to the <a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">Weather Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Summers are hot, with 92 afternoons on average of 90 °F (32.2 °C)+ highs and 13.3 afternoons of 100 °F (37.8 °C)+ highs, with lows of 70 °F (21.1 °C)+ on 30 mornings.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lubbock is the 10th-windiest city in the US with an average wind speed of 12.4 mph (20.0 km/h; 5.5 m/s).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F (45.6 °C) on June 27, 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winter afternoons in Lubbock are typically sunny and mild, but mornings are cold, with temperatures usually dipping below freezing, and as the city is in <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">USDA Plant Hardiness Zone</a> 7, lows reaching 10 °F or −12.2 °C occur on 1.5 mornings and 4.5 afternoons occur where the temperature fails to rise above freezing. The lowest recorded temperature was −17 °F (−27.2 °C) on February 8, 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lubbock can experience severe thunderstorms during the spring, and occasionally the summer. The risk of tornadoes and very large hail exists during the spring in particular, as Lubbock sits on the far southwestern edge of <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Lubbock, Texas, 1991–2020 normals,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1911–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">114<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">111<br />(44) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">114<br />(46) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.0<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.4<br />(26.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.3<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.3<br />(33.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.8<br />(37.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103.1<br />(39.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102.1<br />(38.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.0<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.5<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.1<br />(27.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.9<br />(23.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">105.3<br />(40.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.0<br />(12.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.7<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.0<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.2<br />(29.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.4<br />(34.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.2<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.9<br />(29.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.5<br />(24.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8<br />(17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.1<br />(12.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">74.9<br />(23.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.1<br />(7.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.0<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.2<br />(16.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4<br />(21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.2<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.9<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.3<br />(22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.8<br />(16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.0<br />(10.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.7<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61.4<br />(16.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(−0.8) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.3<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.7<br />(13.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.6<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0<br />(20.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5<br />(19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.8<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.1<br />(8.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(−2.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.8<br />(8.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(−10.3) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(−9.0) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(−5.9) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(−0.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.7<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1<br />(13.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.7<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.6<br />(8.1) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(−0.3) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(−6.7) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(−10.7) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.1<br />(−12.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−16<br />(−27) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−17<br />(−27) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(−8) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(−3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39<br />(4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1<br />(−18) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−17<br />(−27) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.65<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.65<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.10<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.33<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.69<br />(68) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.58<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.96<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.74<br />(44) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.55<br />(65) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.53<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.80<br />(20) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.75<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.33<br />(466) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.0<br />(18) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.9 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.7 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.7 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.2 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.8 </td> <td style="background: #2929FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.7 </td> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.5 </td> <td style="background: #1B1BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.4 </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.3 </td> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.3 </td> <td style="background: #2222FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.7 </td> <td style="background: #1B1BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.5 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.1 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.9 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267.8 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000;" class="notheme">286.3 </td> <td style="background: #F0F011; color:#000000;" class="notheme">310.7 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">326.0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">338.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">318.6 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">261.6 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">258.2 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.7 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.7 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,196.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF8C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (sun and relative humidity 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991-2020_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991-2020-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAAsun_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAAsun-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>1,938</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>4,051</td><td></td><td>109.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>20,520</td><td></td><td>406.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>31,853</td><td></td><td>55.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>71,747</td><td></td><td>125.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>128,691</td><td></td><td>79.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>149,101</td><td></td><td>15.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>173,979</td><td></td><td>16.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>186,206</td><td></td><td>7.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>199,564</td><td></td><td>7.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>229,573</td><td></td><td>15.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>257,141</td><td></td><td>12.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">266,878</td><td></td><td>3.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Lubbock city, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>122,330 </td> <td>127,915 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">122,337 </td> <td>61.30% </td> <td>55.72% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">47.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>16,907 </td> <td>18,744 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">24,599 </td> <td>8.47% </td> <td>8.16% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">9.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>619 </td> <td>845 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,225 </td> <td>0.31% </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,004 </td> <td>5,471 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">9,236 </td> <td>1.51% </td> <td>2.38% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>41 </td> <td>147 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">156 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Some Other Race alone (NH) </td> <td>133 </td> <td>241 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">811 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>1,744 </td> <td>2,585 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">7,232 </td> <td>0.87% </td> <td>1.13% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.81% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>54,786 </td> <td>73,625 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">91,545 </td> <td>27.45% </td> <td>32.07% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">35.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>199,564</b> </td> <td><b>229,573</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>257,141</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 2019 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>'s demographic and housing estimates program determined Lubbock had a population of 258,870, a slight increase over the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>'s population estimate of 258,862.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 United States census</a>, 229,573 people, 88,506 households, and 53,042 families resided in the city. At the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000 U.S. census</a>, 199,564 people, 77,527 households, and 48,531 families resided in the city. By 2020, its population grew to 257,141, down from the 2019 census estimates.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusQuickFacts_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusQuickFacts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the population in 2019, 125,685 were male and 133,185 were female. There were 94.4 males per 100 females in the city limits. In 2019, the median age was 29.8 years; according to Move.org in 2016, Lubbock and its <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_metropolitan_area" title="Lubbock metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> was the 6th best for residents aged 20 and older.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lubbock area was also first in Texas for <a href="/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">Millennial</a> home-ownership, and 14th in the U.S. in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median value of owner-occupied housing units were $152,800 and the gross rent for Lubbock was $976.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lubbockites had a median household income of $52,254 in 2019, and a mean income of $72,144.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the estimated <a href="/wiki/Median_income" title="Median income">median income</a> for a household in the city was $43,364, and for a family was $59,185. Male full-time workers had a median income of $40,445 versus $30,845 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,092. About 11.4% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's median household income in 2000 was $31,844, and for the median family income was $41,418. Males had a median income of $30,222 versus $21,708 for females. The city's per capita income was $17,511. About 12.0% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over. </p><p>In 2019, Lubbock had a racial and ethnic makeup of 50.1% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic whites</a>, 7.1% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Blacks and African Americans</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indians and Alaska Natives</a>, 2.6% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asians</a>, <0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander</a>, 0.1% some other race, and 2.4% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino American</a> population (of any race) was an estimated 37.4% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For comparison and contrast in 2020, the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 47.58% non-Hispanic white, 9.57% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American or Alaska Native, 3.59% Asian alone, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.32% some other race, 2.81% multiracial, and 35.6% Hispanic or Latino American of any race.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diversifying population reflected state- and nationwide trends among traditional minority populations.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">racial makeup</a> of the city was 75.8% White, 8.6% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.9% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race were 32.1% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites were 55.7% of the population in 2010, down from 77.2% in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-census_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, the city's racial makeup was 72.9% White, 8.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.5% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 14.3% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 27.5% of the population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christianity is the dominant religion in Lubbock and its metropolitan area, being part of the <a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, the largest Christian groups were <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>. The largest Baptist denominations within the Lubbock area are the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptist_General_Convention_of_Texas" title="Baptist General Convention of Texas">Baptist General Convention of Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholics within the metropolitan area are primarily served by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Lubbock" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Lubbock">Roman Catholic Diocese of Lubbock</a>. Methodists are divided between the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> and other smaller Methodist bodies. <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-Day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints</a> dedicated a <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Texas_Temple" title="Lubbock Texas Temple">temple</a> in the city in 2002 that serves church members living in West Texas, the Panhandle, and adjacent parts of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the religious population, 1.9% practiced <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>; the Islamic religion is the second largest in the area as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eastern faiths including <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> were collectively the third largest groups in Lubbock, and Judaism was practiced by an estimated 0.1% of the population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_Texas_Cone_Grain_Elevator_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lubbock_Texas_Cone_Grain_Elevator_2010.jpg/220px-Lubbock_Texas_Cone_Grain_Elevator_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lubbock_Texas_Cone_Grain_Elevator_2010.jpg/330px-Lubbock_Texas_Cone_Grain_Elevator_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lubbock_Texas_Cone_Grain_Elevator_2010.jpg/440px-Lubbock_Texas_Cone_Grain_Elevator_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2046" /></a><figcaption>Cone grain elevator, north side of Lubbock</figcaption></figure><p>The Lubbock area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world and is heavily dependent on federal government agricultural subsidies and on <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> water drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer" title="Ogallala Aquifer">Ogallala Aquifer</a>. The aquifer is being depleted at a rate <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">unsustainable</a> over the long term. Some progress has been made toward <a href="/wiki/Water_conservation" title="Water conservation">water conservation</a>, and new technologies such as low-energy precision application irrigation were originally developed in the Lubbock area. A new pipeline from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Alan_Henry" title="Lake Alan Henry">Lake Alan Henry</a> is expected to supply up to 3.2 billion US gallons (12,000,000 m<sup>3</sup>; 12 GL) of water per year.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 10 largest employers in terms of the number of employees are <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University" title="Texas Tech University">Texas Tech University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Covenant_Health_System" title="Covenant Health System">Covenant Health System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Independent_School_District" title="Lubbock Independent School District">Lubbock Independent School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_Medical_Center_(Lubbock,_Texas)" title="University Medical Center (Lubbock, Texas)">University Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Supermarkets" title="United Supermarkets">United Supermarkets</a>, City of Lubbock, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_Health_Sciences_Center" title="Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center">Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Mobility" title="AT&T Mobility">AT&T</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Lubbock County, Texas">Lubbock County</a>. A study conducted by a professor at the <a href="/wiki/Rawls_College_of_Business" title="Rawls College of Business">Rawls College of Business</a> determined Texas Tech students, faculty, and staff contribute about $1.5 billion to the economy, with about $297.5 million from student shopping alone.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_County_South_Plains_Fair_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lubbock_County_South_Plains_Fair_2012.jpg/220px-Lubbock_County_South_Plains_Fair_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lubbock_County_South_Plains_Fair_2012.jpg/330px-Lubbock_County_South_Plains_Fair_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lubbock_County_South_Plains_Fair_2012.jpg/440px-Lubbock_County_South_Plains_Fair_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5431" data-file-height="3621" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_Plains_Fairgrounds" title="South Plains Fairgrounds">Panhandle-South Plains Fairgrounds</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Scrub-A-Dubb Barrel Company, in the north of the city, had been the cause of public complaints, and committed numerous environmental violations, since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-kcbd1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcbd1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local <a href="/wiki/KCBD" title="KCBD">KCBD</a> News undertook several investigations into the barrel recycling company's waste-handling practices, and when the business closed in 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> was called in to begin cleaning up the site, which they described as "a threat to public health, welfare, and the environment".<sup id="cite_ref-wire_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wire-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greg Fife, the EPA's on-site coordinator, said: "Out of the 60,000 [barrels] we have on site, we think there are between 2,000 and 4,000 that have significant <a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">hazardous waste</a> in them". Local residents were informed, "hazardous substances have overflowed the vats and flowed off the site into nearby Blackwater Draw and subsequently through Mackenzie recreational park. The runoff is easily accessible to children at play in the park, golfers, and the park's wildlife." Remediation of the site was expected to take at least five months, at a cost of $3.5 million in federal dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-kcbd2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcbd2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annual_cultural_events">Annual cultural events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Annual cultural events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silent_Wings_Museum_Nov_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Silent_Wings_Museum_Nov_2009.jpg/170px-Silent_Wings_Museum_Nov_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Silent_Wings_Museum_Nov_2009.jpg/255px-Silent_Wings_Museum_Nov_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Silent_Wings_Museum_Nov_2009.jpg/340px-Silent_Wings_Museum_Nov_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2545" data-file-height="3134" /></a><figcaption>Lubbock's <a href="/wiki/Silent_Wings_Museum" title="Silent Wings Museum">Silent Wings Museum</a> at the former <a href="/wiki/South_Plains_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="South Plains Army Airfield">South Plains Army Airfield</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Every year on July 4, Lubbock hosts the 4th on Broadway event, an <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> festival. The event is free to the public, and is considered the largest free festival in Texas. The day's activities usually include a morning parade, a street fair along Broadway Avenue with food stalls and live bands, the Early Settlers' Luncheon, and an evening concert/fireworks program. Broadway Festivals Inc., the <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_corporation" title="Nonprofit corporation">nonprofit corporation</a> which organizes the event, estimated a 2004 attendance over 175,000 people. Additionally, the College Baseball Foundation holds events relating to its <a href="/wiki/National_College_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" title="National College Baseball Hall of Fame">National College Baseball Hall of Fame</a> during the 4th on Broadway event. </p><p>The South Plains Fair is also hosted annually, and features a wide variety of entertainment, including live music, theme-park rides, and various food items sold in a carnival-like setting. During the fair, many agricultural and livestock contests also take place, bringing many participants from the surrounding cities. </p><p>The National Cowboy Symposium and Celebration, an annual event celebrating the prototypical <a href="/wiki/American_Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American Old West">Old West</a> <a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboy</a>, takes place in Lubbock. The event, held in September, features art, music, <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_poetry" title="Cowboy poetry">cowboy poetry</a>, stories, and the presentation of scholarly papers on cowboy culture and the history of the American West. A <a href="/wiki/Chuckwagon" title="Chuckwagon">chuckwagon</a> cook-off and horse parade also take place during the event. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monthly_cultural_events">Monthly cultural events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Monthly cultural events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the first Friday of each month, Lubbock hosts a free <a href="/wiki/First_Friday_(public_event)" title="First Friday (public event)">art walk</a> in downtown called the First Friday Art Trail.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event, which is managed by the Louise Hopkins Underwood Center for the Arts and has been held since 2004, attracts around 20,000 people monthly.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2024, the Lubbock City Council voted to strip $30,000 in funding for the event after council member David Glasheen claimed the money was being used to promote <a href="/wiki/Drag_show" title="Drag show">drag shows</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBTQ+</a> workshops,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a move which attracted complaints from Lubbock residents and members of the Lubbock arts community.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_April_2022_05_(Buddy_and_Maria_Elena_Holly_Plaza).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lubbock_April_2022_05_%28Buddy_and_Maria_Elena_Holly_Plaza%29.jpg/220px-Lubbock_April_2022_05_%28Buddy_and_Maria_Elena_Holly_Plaza%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lubbock_April_2022_05_%28Buddy_and_Maria_Elena_Holly_Plaza%29.jpg/330px-Lubbock_April_2022_05_%28Buddy_and_Maria_Elena_Holly_Plaza%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lubbock_April_2022_05_%28Buddy_and_Maria_Elena_Holly_Plaza%29.jpg/440px-Lubbock_April_2022_05_%28Buddy_and_Maria_Elena_Holly_Plaza%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Buddy and Maria Elena Holly Plaza</figcaption></figure> <p>The West Texas arts scene has created a "<a href="/wiki/West_Texas_Walk_of_Fame" title="West Texas Walk of Fame">West Texas Walk of Fame</a>" within Buddy and Maria Elena Holly Plaza in the historic Depot District, which details musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>, who came from the local area. Lubbock continues to play host to rising and established alt-country acts at venues such as the Cactus Theater and The Blue Light Live, both on Buddy Holly Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spirit of Buddy Holly is preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly_Center" title="Buddy Holly Center">Buddy Holly Center</a> in Lubbock's Depot District. The 2004 film <i>Lubbock Lights</i> showcased much of the music associated with the city of Lubbock. </p><p>Lubbock is the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> legend Buddy Holly, and features a cultural center named for him. The city renamed its annual Buddy Holly Music Festival the Lubbock Music Festival after Holly's widow increased usage fees for his name. Similarly, the city renamed the Buddy Holly West Texas Walk of Fame to honor area musicians as the West Texas Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 26, 2009, the City of Lubbock agreed to pay Holly's widow $20,000 for the next 20 years to maintain the name of the Buddy Holly Center. Additionally, land near the center will be named the Buddy and Maria Holly Plaza.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holly's legacy is also remembered through the work of <a href="/wiki/Deejay" class="mw-redirect" title="Deejay">deejays</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Jerry_%22Bo%22_Coleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry "Bo" Coleman">Jerry "Bo" Coleman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bud_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bud Andrews (page does not exist)">Bud Andrews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Johnson_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgil Johnson (singer)">Virgil Johnson</a> on radio station <a href="/wiki/KDAV" title="KDAV">KDAV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groundbreaking was held on April 20, 2017, for the construction of a new performing arts center, the <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly_Hall_of_Performing_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Buddy Holly Hall of Performing Arts and Sciences">Buddy Holly Hall of Performing Arts and Sciences</a>, a downtown $154 million project that opened in January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holly Hall will also have concession sites and a <a href="/wiki/Bistro" title="Bistro">bistro</a> with both outdoor and indoor dining. United Supermarkets has been named the food and beverage provider. Thus far, the private group, the Lubbock Entertainment and Performing Arts Association, has raised or received pledges in the amount of $93 million. The <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Independent_School_District" title="Lubbock Independent School District">Lubbock Independent School District</a> and Ballet Lubbock also support the project.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lubbock is the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Mac_Davis" title="Mac Davis">Mac Davis</a> (1942–2020), who graduated at the age of 16 from Lubbock High School and became a <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> singer, songwriter, and actor with <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover (music)">crossover</a> success. His early work writing for <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> produced the hits "<a href="/wiki/Memories:_The_%2768_Comeback_Special" title="Memories: The '68 Comeback Special">Memories</a>", "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Ghetto" title="In the Ghetto">In the Ghetto</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/A_Little_Less_Conversation" title="A Little Less Conversation">A Little Less Conversation</a>". A subsequent solo career in the 1970s produced hits, such as "<a href="/wiki/Baby,_Don%27t_Get_Hooked_on_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me">Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me</a>", making him a well-known name in popular music. He also starred in his own variety show, a Broadway musical, and various films and television programs.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Outsider_music" title="Outsider music">Outsider musician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychobilly" title="Psychobilly">psychobilly</a> pioneer <a href="/wiki/The_Legendary_Stardust_Cowboy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Legendary Stardust Cowboy">The Legendary Stardust Cowboy</a> was also born in Lubbock.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began his musical career there, playing free shows in various parking lots around town.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since striking it big, however, he has not performed in Lubbock, due to how little support and encouragement the city showed him when he was first starting out.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Denver got his start in Lubbock and as a freshman student at Texas Tech in 1966 could be found playing in the Student Union for free. His father was a colonel in the USAF stationed at Reese Air Force Base west of the city. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Lubbock Symphony Orchestra">Lubbock Symphony Orchestra</a> was founded in 1946 and performs at the <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Memorial_Civic_Center" title="Lubbock Memorial Civic Center">Lubbock Memorial Civic Center Theatre</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Moonlight_Musicals_Amphitheater" title="Moonlight Musicals Amphitheater">Moonlight Musicals Amphitheater</a> is a 930-seat amphitheater opened in 2006. For a period was known as the Wells Fargo Amphitheater. It is used for concerts, stage shows and other special events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joyland_LubbockTX_Paratrooper_June_2006DSCN8445.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Joyland_LubbockTX_Paratrooper_June_2006DSCN8445.JPG/220px-Joyland_LubbockTX_Paratrooper_June_2006DSCN8445.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Joyland_LubbockTX_Paratrooper_June_2006DSCN8445.JPG/330px-Joyland_LubbockTX_Paratrooper_June_2006DSCN8445.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Joyland_LubbockTX_Paratrooper_June_2006DSCN8445.JPG/440px-Joyland_LubbockTX_Paratrooper_June_2006DSCN8445.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joyland_Amusement_Park" title="Joyland Amusement Park">Joyland Amusement Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lubbock sits within the Texas High Plains, an eight-million-acre region that produces 80% of the state's wine grapes.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five wineries are based near Lubbock, providing a significant draw for wine lovers.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Ranching_Heritage_Center" title="National Ranching Heritage Center">National Ranching Heritage Center</a>, a museum of <a href="/wiki/Ranching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranching">ranching</a> history, is in Lubbock. It features a number of authentic early Texas <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranch</a> buildings, as well as a railroad depot and other historic buildings. An extensive collection of weapons is also on display.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Southwest Collection, an archive of the history of the region and its surroundings, which also works closely with the College Baseball Foundation, is on the campus of Texas Tech University, as are the Moody Planetarium and the Museum of Texas Tech University. </p><p>The Depot District, an area of the city dedicated to music and nightlife in the old railroad depot area, boasts theatres, upscale restaurants, and cultural attractions. The district is also home to several shops, pubs, nightclubs, a radio station, a magazine, a winery, a salon, and other establishments. Many of the buildings were remodeled from the original Fort Worth & Denver South Plains Railway Depot which stood on the site. The Buddy Holly Center, a museum highlighting the life and music of Buddy Holly, is also in the Depot District, as is the restored community facility, the <a href="/wiki/Cactus_Theater" title="Cactus Theater">Cactus Theater</a>. </p><p>Lubbock is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Silent_Wings_Museum" title="Silent Wings Museum">Silent Wings Museum</a>. Located on North I-27, Silent Wings features photographs and artifacts from World War II-era glider pilots. </p><p>The Science Spectrum is an interactive museum and 58-foot, domed-screen "omni theatre<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" with a special focus on children and youth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Register_of_Historic_Places">National Register of Historic Places</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: National Register of Historic Places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_Texas_Old_Federal_Courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lubbock_Texas_Old_Federal_Courthouse.jpg/220px-Lubbock_Texas_Old_Federal_Courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lubbock_Texas_Old_Federal_Courthouse.jpg/330px-Lubbock_Texas_Old_Federal_Courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lubbock_Texas_Old_Federal_Courthouse.jpg/440px-Lubbock_Texas_Old_Federal_Courthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2805" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Post_Office_and_Federal_Building" title="Lubbock Post Office and Federal Building">Lubbock Post Office and Federal Building</a>, constructed in 1932.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cactus_Theater" title="Cactus Theater">Cactus Theater</a></li> <li>Canyon Lakes Archaeological District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlock_Building" title="Carlock Building">Carlock Building</a></li> <li>Fort Worth and Denver South Plains Railway Depot</li> <li>Fred and Annie Snyder House</li> <li>Holden Properties Historic District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kress_Building_(Lubbock,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kress Building (Lubbock, Texas)">Kress Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_High_School" title="Lubbock High School">Lubbock High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Lake_Landmark" title="Lubbock Lake Landmark">Lubbock Lake Landmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Post_Office_and_Federal_Building" title="Lubbock Post Office and Federal Building">Lubbock Post Office and Federal Building</a></li> <li>South Overton Residential Historic District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Technological_College_Dairy_Barn" title="Texas Technological College Dairy Barn">Texas Technological College Dairy Barn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Technological_College_Historic_District" title="Texas Technological College Historic District">Texas Technological College Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubbs-Carlisle_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubbs-Carlisle House">Tubbs-Carlisle House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_and_Myrta_Bacon_House" title="Warren and Myrta Bacon House">Warren and Myrta Bacon House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Curry_Holden" title="William Curry Holden">William Curry Holden</a> and Olive Price Holden House</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ebritton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ebritton.jpg/170px-Ebritton.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ebritton.jpg/255px-Ebritton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ebritton.jpg/340px-Ebritton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders_football" title="Texas Tech Red Raiders football">Texas Tech Red Raiders football</a> game</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders" title="Texas Tech Red Raiders">Texas Tech Red Raiders</a> are in the <a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12 Conference</a> and field 17 teams in 11 different varsity sports. Men's varsity sports at Texas Tech are baseball, basketball, <a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">cross country</a>, football, golf, tennis, and indoor and outdoor track and field. Women's varsity sports are basketball, cross country, golf, indoor and outdoor track and field, soccer, softball, tennis, and volleyball. The university also offers 30 club sports, including cycling, <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrianism</a>, ice hockey, <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacrosse (sport)">lacrosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a>, running, sky diving, swimming, water polo, and wrestling. In 2006, the polo team, composed of Will Tankard, Ross Haislip, Peter Blake, and Tanner Kneese, won the collegiate national championship.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders_football" title="Texas Tech Red Raiders football">football</a> program has been competing since October 3, 1925. The Red Raiders have won 15 conference titles and been to 50 bowl games, winning five of the last seven. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders_men%27s_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball">men's basketball</a> program, started in 1925, has been to the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship">NCAA Tournament</a> 18 times—advancing to the Sweet 16 seven times, and the Elite Eight twice, and in 2019 they reached the Final Four and were the NCAA Tournament Runner-up under coach <a href="/wiki/Chris_Beard" title="Chris Beard">Chris Beard</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Knight" title="Bob Knight">Bob Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Basketball Hall of Fame">hall-of-famer</a> and second-winningest coach in men's college basketball history, coached the team from 2001 to 2008. </p><p>Of the varsity sports, Texas Tech has had its greatest success in women's basketball. Led by <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Swoopes" title="Sheryl Swoopes">Sheryl Swoopes</a> and head coach <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Sharp" title="Marsha Sharp">Marsha Sharp</a>, the Lady Raiders won the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Women's Basketball Championship">NCAA Women's Basketball Championship</a> in 1993. The Lady Raiders have also been to the NCAA Elite Eight three times and the NCAA Sweet 16 seven times. In early 2006, Lady Raiders coach Marsha Sharp resigned and was replaced on March 30, 2006, by <a href="/wiki/Kristy_Curry" title="Kristy Curry">Kristy Curry</a>, who had been coaching at <a href="/wiki/Purdue_Boilermakers" title="Purdue Boilermakers">Purdue</a>. </p><p>In addition, Lubbock is the home of the Chaparrals of <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Christian_University" title="Lubbock Christian University">Lubbock Christian University</a>. With a recent move up to NCAA Division 2, the women's basketball team has won the 2016 and 2019 national championships.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the Lubbock Christian University<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> baseball team won their second NAIA National Championship. </p><p>High-school athletics also feature prominently in the local culture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_and_Semi-professional_teams">Professional and Semi-professional teams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Professional and Semi-professional teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Renegades" title="Lubbock Renegades">Lubbock Renegades</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Af2" class="mw-redirect" title="Af2">af2</a>, a developmental league of the <a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League_(1987%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Football League (1987–2008)">Arena Football League</a>, were in operation from 2006 to 2008.The team played in the former <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Municipal_Coliseum" title="Lubbock Municipal Coliseum">Lubbock Memorial Coliseum</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Cotton_Kings" title="Lubbock Cotton Kings">Lubbock Cotton Kings</a>, of the former Central Hockey League, operated from 1999 to 2007. </p><p>In 2021, <a href="/wiki/National_Premier_Soccer_League" title="National Premier Soccer League">National Premier Soccer League</a> announced the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Matadors_SC" title="Lubbock Matadors SC">Lubbock Matadors SC</a> in the 2022 season.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Little_League">Little League</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Little League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, the Lubbock Western All-Stars Little League Baseball team made it to the final four of the <a href="/wiki/2007_Little_League_World_Series" title="2007 Little League World Series">Little League World Series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mackenzie_Park,_Lubbock,_TX_IMG_1644.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mackenzie_Park%2C_Lubbock%2C_TX_IMG_1644.JPG/220px-Mackenzie_Park%2C_Lubbock%2C_TX_IMG_1644.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mackenzie_Park%2C_Lubbock%2C_TX_IMG_1644.JPG/330px-Mackenzie_Park%2C_Lubbock%2C_TX_IMG_1644.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mackenzie_Park%2C_Lubbock%2C_TX_IMG_1644.JPG/440px-Mackenzie_Park%2C_Lubbock%2C_TX_IMG_1644.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to Mackenzie Park</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1877, during the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Hunters%27_War" title="Buffalo Hunters' War">Buffalo Hunters' War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_House_Canyon" title="Battle of Yellow House Canyon">Battle of Yellow House Canyon</a> took place at what is now the site of Mackenzie Park. Today, Mackenzie Park is home to the now closed <a href="/wiki/Joyland_Amusement_Park" title="Joyland Amusement Park">Joyland Amusement Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prairie_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie Dog">Prairie Dog</a> Town, and both a <a href="/wiki/Disc_golf" title="Disc golf">disc golf</a> and a regular golf course. The park also holds the <a href="/wiki/American_Wind_Power_Center" title="American Wind Power Center">American Wind Power Center</a>, which houses over 100 historic windmills on 28 acres (11 hectares). Two tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Brazos_River" title="Brazos River">Brazos River</a> wind through Mackenzie Park, which is collectively part of the rather extensive Lubbock Park system.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two streams, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_House_Draw" title="Yellow House Draw">Yellow House Draw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackwater_Draw" title="Blackwater Draw">Blackwater Draw</a>, converge in the golf course, forming the head of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_House_Canyon" title="Yellow House Canyon">Yellow House Canyon</a>, which carries the waters of the <a href="/wiki/North_Fork_Double_Mountain_Fork_Brazos_River" title="North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River">North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Board_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Board-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lubbock is home to numerous parks, scattered throughout the city. Most parks feature a small lake and attract waterfowl of various species. One of Lubbock's larger lakes, Dunbar Historic Lake, lies in Dunbar Historic Lake Park, near Mackenzie Park. Drainage exits into the North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River. The park features miles of hiking trails and the <a href="/wiki/Crosbyton-Southplains_Railroad" title="Crosbyton-Southplains Railroad">Crosbyton-Southplains Railroad</a> trestle, built in 1911, which spans the North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River at the park's southeast end. This trestle has become known by many locals as "Hell's Gate" or "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hell%27s_Gate_Trestle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hell's Gate Trestle (page does not exist)">Hell's Gate Trestle</a>" for its supposed paranormal activity.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many parks in Lubbock are home to a series of Playa Lakes. Often small in size, the lakes serve as reservoirs for stormwater and irrigation runoff, and are an important part of the West Texas High Plains ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Playa lakes generally drain from one to another over land during a rainfall event, but many were connected as part of an underground drainage project in the early 2000s to avoid flooding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_government">Municipal government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Municipal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lubbock,_Texas" title="List of mayors of Lubbock, Texas">List of mayors of Lubbock, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayoral_elections_in_Lubbock" title="Mayoral elections in Lubbock">Mayoral elections in Lubbock</a></div> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; float:right; margin: .5em;"> <caption><b>City government (as of January 2021):</b><sup id="cite_ref-Lubbock-City_Council_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lubbock-City_Council-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Mayor</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dan_Pope" title="Dan Pope">Dan Pope</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 1 </td> <td>Juan A. Chadis </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 2 </td> <td>Shelia Patterson Harris </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 3 </td> <td>Jeff Griffith </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 4 </td> <td>Steve Massengale </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 5 </td> <td>Randy Christian </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 6  </td> <td>Latrelle Joy (Mayor Pro Tem) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lubbock has a <a href="/wiki/Council-manager_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager government">council-manager government</a> system, with all governmental powers resting in a legislative body called a <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voters elect six council members, one for each of Lubbock's six districts, and a mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council members serve for a term of four years, and the mayor serves for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the first meeting of the city council after newly elected council members are seated, the council elects a mayor <i>pro tempore</i>, who serves as mayor in absence of the elected mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_91-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council also appoints a city manager to handle the ordinary business of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_91-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, no term limits are set for either city council members or the mayor. </p><p>After a previous attempt failed in the city council, Lubbock approved by popular referendum a "sanctuary city for the unborn" ordinance, seeking to outlaw abortion within city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ordinance went into effect shortly thereafter and the only abortion clinic stopped providing abortion care. Planned Parenthood sued and a federal judge upheld the ordinance.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible floatright" style="font-size: 95%;"> <caption>United States presidential election results for Lubbock, Texas </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party(ies)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2020 United States presidential election in Texas">2020</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60,537 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>61.77%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">35,818 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">36.55% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,645 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.68% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2016 United States presidential election in Texas">2016</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51,033 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>63.26%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">24,963 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">30.94% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4,674 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5.79% </td></tr> </tbody></table><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</a>, Lubbock County is covered by districts <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_83rd_House_of_Representatives_district" title="Texas's 83rd House of Representatives district">83</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_84th_House_of_Representatives_district" title="Texas's 84th House of Representatives district">84</a>. </p><p>According to a study released by the nonpartisan Bay Area Center for Voting Research in 2005, Lubbock is the second-most <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> city in the United States among municipalities greater than 100,000 in population.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"> <caption>City of Lubbock vote by party in Class II Senate elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">Other</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2020 United States Senate election in Texas">2020</a> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">33.5% <i>32,513</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>63.2%</b> <i>61,255</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#DCDCDC">3.3% <i>3,156</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2014 United States Senate election in Texas">2014</a> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">22.1% <i>8,034</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>77.9%</b> <i>28,298</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#DCDCDC">0.00% <i>0</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>John Cornyn went from a nearly 80% win in the city in 2014 to a barely 63% win in 2020. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"> <caption>City of Lubbock vote by party in Class I Senate elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">Other</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2018 United States Senate election in Texas">2018</a> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">38.6% <i>28,868</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>60.6%</b> <i>45,404</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#DCDCDC">0.8% <i>606</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"> <caption>City of Lubbock vote by party in Gubernatorial elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">Other</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2018_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Texas gubernatorial election">2018</a> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">32.9% <i>24,536</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>64.6%</b> <i>48,131</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#DCDCDC">2.5% <i>1,862</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2014_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Texas gubernatorial election">2014</a> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">24.8% <i>9,335</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>75.2%</b> <i>28,331</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#DCDCDC">0.00% <i>0</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"> <caption>City of Lubbock vote by party in Lieutenant Gubernatorial elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">Other</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2018_Texas_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election">2018</a> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">37.5% <i>22,847</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>59.3%</b> <i>44,016</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#DCDCDC">3.2% <i>2,345</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="K-12_Schools">K-12 Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: K-12 Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_April_2022_52_(Lubbock_High_School).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lubbock_April_2022_52_%28Lubbock_High_School%29.jpg/220px-Lubbock_April_2022_52_%28Lubbock_High_School%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lubbock_April_2022_52_%28Lubbock_High_School%29.jpg/330px-Lubbock_April_2022_52_%28Lubbock_High_School%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lubbock_April_2022_52_%28Lubbock_High_School%29.jpg/440px-Lubbock_April_2022_52_%28Lubbock_High_School%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_High_School" title="Lubbock High School">Lubbock High School</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Schools in Lubbock are operated by several public school districts and independent organizations. </p><p>Public school districts with sections serving the Lubbock city limits:<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Independent_School_District" title="Lubbock Independent School District">Lubbock Independent School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frenship_Independent_School_District" title="Frenship Independent School District">Frenship Independent School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idalou_Independent_School_District" title="Idalou Independent School District">Idalou Independent School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock-Cooper_Independent_School_District" title="Lubbock-Cooper Independent School District">Lubbock-Cooper Independent School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_Independent_School_District" title="New Deal Independent School District">New Deal Independent School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Independent_School_District" title="Roosevelt Independent School District">Roosevelt Independent School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallowater_Independent_School_District" title="Shallowater Independent School District">Shallowater Independent School District</a></li></ul> <p>Private schools: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Episcopal_School_(Lubbock,_Texas)" title="All Saints Episcopal School (Lubbock, Texas)">All Saints Episcopal School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_Cathedral_School" title="Christ the King Cathedral School">Christ the King Cathedral School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Christian_High_School_(Lubbock,_Texas)" title="Trinity Christian High School (Lubbock, Texas)">Trinity Christian School</a></li> <li>Lubbock Christian High School</li> <li>Kingdom Preparatory Academy</li> <li>Southcrest Christian School</li></ul> <p>Charter schools: </p> <ul><li>Harmony Science Academy</li> <li>Sharp Academy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Lubbock,_Texas" title="List of colleges and universities in Lubbock, Texas">List of colleges and universities in Lubbock, Texas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TTUadmin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TTUadmin.jpg/170px-TTUadmin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TTUadmin.jpg/255px-TTUadmin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TTUadmin.jpg/340px-TTUadmin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University" title="Texas Tech University">Texas Tech University</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lubbock is home to <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University" title="Texas Tech University">Texas Tech University</a>, which was established on February 10, 1923, as Texas Technological College. It is the leading institution of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_System" title="Texas Tech University System">Texas Tech University System</a> and has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Texas_by_enrollment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Texas by enrollment">seventh-largest enrollment</a> in the state of Texas. It is one of two schools (the other being <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">UT Austin</a>) in Texas to house an undergraduate institution, law school, and medical school at the same location. Altogether, the university has educated students from all 50 US states and over 100 foreign countries. Enrollment has continued to increase in recent years, and growth is on track with a plan to have 40,000 students by 2020. </p><p>Lubbock is also home to other college campuses in the city, including <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Christian_University" title="Lubbock Christian University">Lubbock Christian University</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Plains_College" title="South Plains College">South Plains College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayland_Baptist_University" title="Wayland Baptist University">Wayland Baptist University</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunset_International_Bible_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunset International Bible Institute (page does not exist)">Sunset International Bible Institute</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Health_System" title="Covenant Health System">Covenant Health System</a>, a health-care provider serving West Texas and Eastern New Mexico, operates a school of nursing, school of <a href="/wiki/Radiography" title="Radiography">radiography</a>, and school of <a href="/wiki/Surgical_technologist" title="Surgical technologist">surgical technology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Texas" title="List of newspapers in Texas">List of newspapers in Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">List of radio stations in Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">List of television stations in Texas</a></div> <p>Lubbock's main newspaper is the daily <i><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Avalanche-Journal" title="Lubbock Avalanche-Journal">Lubbock Avalanche-Journal</a></i>, which is owned by <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a>. The newspaper also publishes a full-color lifestyle magazine,<i> Lubbock Magazine</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eight times a year. Texas Tech University publishes a student-run daily newspaper called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Toreador" title="The Daily Toreador">The Daily Toreador</a></i>. </p><p>Local TV stations include <a href="/wiki/KTTZ-TV" title="KTTZ-TV">KTTZ-TV</a>-5 (<a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/KCBD" title="KCBD">KCBD</a>-11 (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>), <a href="/wiki/KLBK" class="mw-redirect" title="KLBK">KLBK</a>-13 (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/KLCW-TV" title="KLCW-TV">KLCW-TV</a>-22 (<a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>, with <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a> on DT2), <a href="/wiki/KAMC" title="KAMC">KAMC</a>-28 (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), and <a href="/wiki/KJTV-TV" title="KJTV-TV">KJTV-TV</a>-34 (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_Press" title="Texas Tech University Press">Texas Tech University Press</a>, the book- and journal-publishing office of Texas Tech University, was founded in 1971, and as of 2012, has about 400 scholarly, regional, literary, and children's titles in print. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>88.1 <a href="/wiki/KTXT-FM" title="KTXT-FM">KTXT-FM</a> (College)</li> <li>88.5 <a href="/wiki/K203CB" class="mw-redirect" title="K203CB">K203CB</a> (Christian Contemporary)</li> <li>89.1 <a href="/wiki/KTTZ-FM" title="KTTZ-FM">KTTZ-FM</a> (Public Radio)</li> <li>89.7 <a href="/wiki/KLTB" class="mw-redirect" title="KLTB">KLTB</a> (Spanish Christian)</li> <li>90.1 <a href="/wiki/KAMY-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="KAMY-FM">KAMY-FM</a> (Christian Contemporary)</li> <li>90.5 <a href="/wiki/KBAH" class="mw-redirect" title="KBAH">KBAH</a> (Religious)</li> <li>90.9 <a href="/wiki/KKLU" class="mw-redirect" title="KKLU">KKLU</a> (Christian Contemporary)</li> <li>91.5 <a href="/wiki/K218DI" class="mw-redirect" title="K218DI">K218DI</a> (Religious)</li> <li>91.9 <a href="/wiki/KPGA_(FM)" class="mw-redirect" title="KPGA (FM)">KPGA (FM)</a>(Christian Contemporary)</li> <li>92.3 <a href="/wiki/K222CQ" class="mw-redirect" title="K222CQ">K222CQ</a> <a href="/wiki/KLZK" class="mw-redirect" title="KLZK">KLZK</a> (Hip Hop)</li> <li>92.7 <a href="/wiki/KVCE" title="KVCE">KVCE</a> (Religious)</li> <li>93.1 <a href="/wiki/K226CH" class="mw-redirect" title="K226CH">K226CH</a> <a href="/wiki/KTTU-FM" title="KTTU-FM">KTTU-FM</a> (Texas Country)</li> <li>93.7 <a href="/wiki/KLBB-FM" title="KLBB-FM">KLBB-FM</a> (Classic Hits)</li> <li>94.1 <a href="/wiki/K231BE" class="mw-redirect" title="K231BE">K231BE</a> <a href="/wiki/KLZK" class="mw-redirect" title="KLZK">KLZK</a> (Classic Country)</li> <li>94.5 <a href="/wiki/KFMX" class="mw-redirect" title="KFMX">KFMX</a> (Active Rock)</li> <li>95.1 <a href="/wiki/K236CP" class="mw-redirect" title="K236CP">K236CP</a> <a href="/wiki/KFYO_(AM)" title="KFYO (AM)">KFYO (AM)</a> (News & Talk)</li> <li>95.5 <a href="/wiki/KAIQ" title="KAIQ">KAIQ</a> (Regional Mexican)</li> <li>95.9 <a href="/wiki/K240FA" class="mw-redirect" title="K240FA">K240FA</a> <a href="/wiki/KRFE" title="KRFE">KRFE</a> (Talk)</li> <li>96.3 <a href="/wiki/KLLL" class="mw-redirect" title="KLLL">KLLL</a> (Country)</li> <li>96.9 <a href="/wiki/K245BG" class="mw-redirect" title="K245BG">K245BG</a> <a href="/wiki/KTTU-FM" title="KTTU-FM">KTTU-FM</a> (Classic Country)</li> <li>97.3 <a href="/wiki/KTTU-FM" title="KTTU-FM">KTTU-FM</a> (Sports)</li> <li>97.7 <a href="/wiki/K249DU" class="mw-redirect" title="K249DU">K249DU</a> <a href="/wiki/KTTU-FM" title="KTTU-FM">KTTU-FM</a> (Oldies)</li> <li>98.1 <a href="/wiki/KKCL-FM" title="KKCL-FM">KKCL-FM</a> (Classic Hits)</li> <li>98.7 <a href="/wiki/K254CI" class="mw-redirect" title="K254CI">K254CI</a> (Christian Contemporary)</li> <li>99.1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=KLCT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KLCT (page does not exist)">KLCT</a> <a href="/wiki/LPFM" class="mw-redirect" title="LPFM">LPFM</a> (Religious)</li> <li>99.5 <a href="/wiki/KQBR" title="KQBR">KQBR</a> (Country)</li> <li>100.3 <a href="/wiki/KMMX" title="KMMX">KMMX</a> (Top-40)</li> <li>100.7 <a href="/wiki/K264AN" class="mw-redirect" title="K264AN">K264AN</a> (Sports Talk)</li> <li>101.1 <a href="/wiki/KONE-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="KONE-FM">KONE-FM</a> (Classic Rock)</li> <li>101.7 <a href="/wiki/K269HH" class="mw-redirect" title="K269HH">K269HH</a> <a href="/wiki/KKLU" class="mw-redirect" title="KKLU">KKLU</a> (Christian Contemporary)</li> <li>102.1 <a href="/wiki/K271DE" class="mw-redirect" title="K271DE">K271DE</a> <a href="/wiki/KAMY-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="KAMY-FM">KAMY-FM</a> (Christian Contemporary)</li> <li>102.5 <a href="/wiki/KZII" class="mw-redirect" title="KZII">KZII</a> (Top-40)</li> <li>102.9 <a href="/w/index.php?title=KVIO-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KVIO-FM (page does not exist)">KVIO-FM</a> <a href="/wiki/LPFM" class="mw-redirect" title="LPFM">LPFM</a> (Religious)</li> <li>103.5 <a href="/wiki/KAMZ" title="KAMZ">KAMZ</a> (Regional Mexican)</li> <li>103.9 <a href="/wiki/K280GU" class="mw-redirect" title="K280GU">K280GU</a> <a href="/wiki/KKAM" title="KKAM">KKAM</a> (Talk)</li> <li>104.3 <a href="/wiki/KHLK" title="KHLK">KHLK</a> (Religious)</li> <li>104.9 <a href="/wiki/KBTE" title="KBTE">KBTE</a> (Hip Hop)</li> <li>105.3 <a href="/wiki/KJDL-FM" title="KJDL-FM">KJDL-FM</a> (Spanish Christian)</li> <li>105.7 <a href="/wiki/KRBL" title="KRBL">KRBL</a> (Texas Country)</li> <li>106.5 <a href="/wiki/KXTQ-FM" title="KXTQ-FM">KXTQ-FM</a> (Tejano)</li> <li>106.9 <a href="/wiki/KKYN" class="mw-redirect" title="KKYN">KKYN</a> (Country)</li> <li>107.3 <a href="/wiki/KSSL" title="KSSL">KSSL</a> (Classic Country)</li> <li>107.7 <a href="/wiki/KLZK" class="mw-redirect" title="KLZK">KLZK</a> (Hot Adult Contemporary)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Criminal_Justice" title="Texas Department of Criminal Justice">Texas Department of Criminal Justice</a> operates the Lubbock District Parole Office in Lubbock.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Transportation" title="Texas Department of Transportation">Texas Department of Transportation</a> operates the West Regional Support Center and Lubbock District Office in Lubbock.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> operates post offices in Lubbock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Highways">Highways</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marsha_Sharp_Freeway_Light_Trails.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Marsha_Sharp_Freeway_Light_Trails.jpg/220px-Marsha_Sharp_Freeway_Light_Trails.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Marsha_Sharp_Freeway_Light_Trails.jpg/330px-Marsha_Sharp_Freeway_Light_Trails.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Marsha_Sharp_Freeway_Light_Trails.jpg/440px-Marsha_Sharp_Freeway_Light_Trails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4542" data-file-height="3028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/US_82" class="mw-redirect" title="US 82">US 82</a>, locally known as the Marsha Sharp Freeway</figcaption></figure> <p>Lubbock is served by major highways. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_27_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 27 (Texas)">Interstate 27</a> (the former Avenue H) links the city to <a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 40 (Texas)">Interstate 40</a>, a transcontinental route. I-27 was completed through the city in 1992 (it originally terminated just north of downtown). Other major highways include <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_62_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 62 (Texas)">US 62</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_82_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 82 in Texas">US 82</a>, which run concurrently (except for 4th Street via US 82 and 19th Street via US 62) through the city east–west as the Marsha Sharp Freeway, 19th Street (US 62 only), 4th Street/Parkway Drive (US 82 only) and <a href="/wiki/Idalou,_Texas" title="Idalou, Texas">Idalou</a> Highway. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_84_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 84 (Texas)">US 84</a> (Avenue Q/<a href="/wiki/Slaton,_Texas" title="Slaton, Texas">Slaton</a> Highway/<a href="/wiki/Clovis,_New_Mexico" title="Clovis, New Mexico">Clovis</a> Road) is also another east–west route running northwest–southeast diagonally. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_87_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 87 (Texas)">US Highway 87</a> runs between <a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a> and Amarillo and follows I-27 concurrently. <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_114" title="Texas State Highway 114">State Highway 114</a> runs east–west, following US 62/82 on the east before going its own way. Lubbock is circled by <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_Loop_289_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Highway Loop 289 (Texas)">Loop 289</a>, which suffers from traffic congestion despite being a potential bypass around the city, which is the reason behind I-27 and Brownfield Highway being built through the city to have freeway traffic flow effectively inside the loop. </p><p>The city is set up on a simple <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">grid plan</a>. In the heart of the city, numbered streets run east–west and lettered avenues run north–south – the grid begins at Avenue A in the east and First Street in the north. North of First Street, city planners chose to name streets alphabetically from the south to the north after colleges and universities. The north–south avenues run from A to Y. What would be Avenue Z is actually University Avenue, since it runs along the east side of Texas Tech. Beyond that, the A-to-Z convention resumes, using US cities found east of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> (e.g. Akron Avenue, Boston Avenue, Canton Avenue). Again, the Z name is not used, with Slide Road appearing in its place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail_service">Rail service</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Rail service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lubbock currently does not provide <a href="/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">intercity rail</a> service, although various proposals have been presented over the years to remedy this. One, the <i><a href="/wiki/Caprock_Chief" title="Caprock Chief">Caprock Chief</a></i>, would have seen daily service as part of a <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>, Texas—<a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, Colorado service, but it failed to gain interest.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lubbock is served by the BNSF Railway company, Plainsman Switching Company (PSC), and <a href="/wiki/West_Texas_and_Lubbock_Railway" title="West Texas and Lubbock Railway">West Texas & Lubbock Railway</a> (WTLC). PSC interchanges with BNSF (also with UP through a UP-BNSF Haulage agreement) in Lubbock and has 19 miles of track within city limits of Lubbock with 36 customers. Options exist for transloading a variety of materials on the line, from wind-turbine parts to steel shafts. PSC handles many commodities such as cottonseed, cottonseed oil, cottonseed meal, cottonseed hulls, milo, corn, wheat, pinto beans, sand, rock, lumber, nonperishable food items, chemicals, paper products, brick, and bagging material, and can also store cars. WTLC interchanges with BNSF (also with UP through a UP-BNSF Haulage agreement) in Lubbock. WTLC has a yard on the west side of Lubbock, where they switch cars to go down their line to Levelland or to Brownfield. WTLC handles commodities of grains, chemicals, sands, peanuts, lumber, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport" title="Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport">Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport_IMG_0260.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport_IMG_0260.JPG/220px-Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport_IMG_0260.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport_IMG_0260.JPG/330px-Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport_IMG_0260.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport_IMG_0260.JPG/440px-Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport_IMG_0260.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2558" data-file-height="1525" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport" title="Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport">Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city's air services are provided by <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport" title="Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport">Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport</a>, which is named for the Lubbock businessman who became <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor" title="Lieutenant governor">lieutenant governor</a> and governor of Texas. It is on the city's northeast side. The airport is the eighth-busiest airport in Texas. Lubbock Preston Smith Airport also plays host as a major hub to FedEx's feeder planes that serve cities around Lubbock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercity_bus_service">Intercity bus service</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Intercity bus service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a> operates the Lubbock Station at 801 Broadway, just east of the <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_County_Courthouse" title="Lubbock County Courthouse">Lubbock County Courthouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Public transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Citibus_(Lubbock)" title="Citibus (Lubbock)">Citibus (Lubbock)</a></div> <p>Public transportation is provided by <a href="/wiki/Citibus_(Lubbock)" title="Citibus (Lubbock)">Citibus</a>, a bus transit system running Monday through Saturday every week with a transit center hub in downtown. It runs bus routes throughout the city, with the main routes converging at the Downtown Transfer Plaza, which also houses the Greyhound bus terminal. Citibus has been in continual service since 1971, when the city of Lubbock took over public transit operations. The paratransit system is called Citiaccess. </p><p>Citibus' six <a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric_hybrid_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric hybrid bus">diesel-electric hybrid buses</a> have begun service on city routes. Managers hope the buses will use 60% of the fuel their older, larger versions consume in moving customers across the city. The buses seat 23 passengers, can support full-sized <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchairs</a>, and will run on all but two city-based routes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modal_characteristics">Modal characteristics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Modal characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 80.9% of working Lubbock (city) residents commuted by driving alone, 12.9% carpooled, 1% used public transportation, and 1.5% walked. About 1.5% used all other forms of transportation, including taxi, bicycle, and motorcycle. About 2.3% worked at home.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, 7.3% of Lubbock households were without a car, which decreased to 5.6% in 2016. The national average was 8.7% in 2016. Lubbock averaged 1.74 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Milwaukee_Avenue">Milwaukee Avenue</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Milwaukee Avenue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early years of the 21st century, Lubbock turned its Milwaukee Avenue into a major thoroughfare. Previously, Milwaukee was a 4-mile dirt road on farm land with hardly any traffic a mile or more from major development. With growth headed westward, the city allocated nearly $20 million to convert the road into a seven-lane concrete thoroughfare. In 2004, the city funded the project and other developments to come by establishing a new fund that tapped part of the franchise fees received. As of 2018, more than $124 million in street construction has been possible from the fund, including Slide Road, 98th Street, Indiana Avenue, and the last phases of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_82_in_Texas" title="U.S. Route 82 in Texas">Marsha Sharp Freeway</a>. Public Works Director Wood Franklin said Milwaukee Avenue was conceived on the "build it and they will come" theory. Marc McDougal, then the mayor of Lubbock, described the project as a well calculated risk that subsequently greatly benefited the city.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lubbock_Power_and_Light">Lubbock Power and Light</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Lubbock Power and Light"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of Lubbock is served by <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Power_and_Light" title="Lubbock Power and Light">Lubbock Power and Light</a>, founded in 1916. After over 100 years of service, LP&L has decided to join the <a href="/wiki/Electric_Reliability_Council_of_Texas" title="Electric Reliability Council of Texas">Electric Reliability Council of Texas</a> and open the Lubbock market to competitive electricity providers. Their recent anticipated approval by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission</a> (FERC) has been approved as of September 28, 2023. LP&L is on track to be the first municipally owned utility to enter the competitive market in ERCOT on March 4, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_science">Arts and science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Arts and science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chace_Crawford" title="Chace Crawford">Chace Crawford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> actor, notable for roles in <a href="/wiki/The_Covenant_(2006_film)" title="The Covenant (2006 film)">The Covenant</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gossip_Girl_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gossip Girl (TV series)">Gossip Girl</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_(TV_series)" title="The Boys (TV series)">The Boys</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Flores" title="Dan Flores">Dan Flores</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a writer and historian who specializes in cultural and environmental studies of the <a href="/wiki/American_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American West">American West</a> who began his academic career at Texas Tech University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_A._Garner" title="Bryan A. Garner">Bryan A. Garner</a>, lawyer, <a href="/wiki/Lexicographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexicographer">lexicographer</a>, and teacher.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bailey" title="J. Michael Bailey">J. Michael Bailey</a>, psychologist and professor at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>, was born in Lubbock<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Goodacre" title="Jill Goodacre">Jill Goodacre</a>, model and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Husband" title="Rick Husband">Rick Husband</a>, Astronaut and graduate from Texas Tech University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Meyer_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Meyer (artist)">Joshua Meyer</a>, artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabor_B._Racz" title="Gabor B. Racz">Gabor B. Racz</a>, professor of <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiology</a> at Texas Tech University Health Science Center, is the inventor of the Racz catheter<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Tippit" title="Wayne Tippit">Wayne Tippit</a> (1932–2009), American television and stage character actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Valdez" title="Erik Valdez">Erik Valdez</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Wagner" title="Helen Wagner">Helen Wagner</a> (1918–2010), television actress <i>(<a href="/wiki/As_the_World_Turns" title="As the World Turns">As the World Turns</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Wells" title="Spencer Wells">Spencer Wells</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Geneticist" title="Geneticist">geneticist</a>, grew up in Lubbock and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_High_School" title="Lubbock High School">Lubbock High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_D._Williamson" title="Kevin D. Williamson">Kevin Williamson</a>, <i>National Review</i> roving correspondent, grew up in Lubbock and once worked for the <i><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Avalanche-Journal" title="Lubbock Avalanche-Journal">Lubbock Avalanche-Journal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_Wright" title="Micah Wright">Micah Wright</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> author</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Honea" title="James Honea">James Honea</a>, 16th <a href="/wiki/Master_Chief_Petty_Officer_of_the_Navy" title="Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy">Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_2">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Abbott" class="mw-redirect" title="Josh Abbott">Josh Abbott</a>, singer of <a href="/wiki/Texas_country_music" title="Texas country music">Texas country</a> band Josh Abbott Band</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Allen_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terry Allen (country singer)">Terry Allen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Texas_country_music" title="Texas country music">Texas country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">outlaw country</a> singer-songwriter, painter and conceptual artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponty_Bone" title="Ponty Bone">Ponty Bone</a>, singer, accordion player<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Bowen" title="Wade Bowen">Wade Bowen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Country">Texas Country</a>/<a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a> singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Davis" title="Mac Davis">Mac Davis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> singer, songwriter, and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_Garland" title="Travis Garland">Travis Garland</a> of the band <a href="/wiki/NLT_(band)" title="NLT (band)">NLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Dale_Gilmore" title="Jimmie Dale Gilmore">Jimmie Dale Gilmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butch_Hancock" title="Butch Hancock">Butch Hancock</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Ely" title="Joe Ely">Joe Ely</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (collectively known as <a href="/wiki/The_Flatlanders" title="The Flatlanders">The Flatlanders</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Green" title="Pat Green">Pat Green</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Texas country music artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> musician and singer-songwriter who was a central and pioneering figure of mid-1950s <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Keys" title="Bobby Keys">Bobby Keys</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saxophonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Lynn" title="Logan Lynn">Logan Lynn</a>, singer, musician, writer, composer, singer, producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Maines" title="Lloyd Maines">Lloyd Maines</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/The_Maines_Brothers_Band" title="The Maines Brothers Band">The Maines Brothers Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Maines" title="Natalie Maines">Natalie Maines</a>, singer of the band <a href="/wiki/The_Chicks" title="The Chicks">The Chicks</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delbert_McClinton" title="Delbert McClinton">Delbert McClinton</a><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American <a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">blues rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_blues" title="Electric blues">electric blues</a> singer-songwriter, guitarist, harmonica player, and pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_McDonald" title="Richie McDonald">Richie McDonald</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lead singer of <a href="/wiki/Lonestar" title="Lonestar">Lonestar</a> until 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Morby" title="Kevin Morby">Kevin Morby</a>, indie folk singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Morrow" title="Cory Morrow">Cory Morrow</a>, Texas country singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daron_Norwood" title="Daron Norwood">Daron Norwood</a>, American 90's country singer, signed to <a href="/wiki/Giant_Records_(Warner_Bros._subsidiary_label)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant Records (Warner Bros. subsidiary label)">Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_Stardust_Cowboy" title="Legendary Stardust Cowboy">Norman Carl Odam (aka The Legendary Stardust Cowboy)</a><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Orta" title="Pete Orta">Pete Orta</a><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Christian rock group <a href="/wiki/Petra_(band)" title="Petra (band)">Petra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Shires" title="Amanda Shires">Amanda Shires</a>, singer-songwriter and <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Wilson_(musician)" title="Josh Wilson (musician)">Josh Wilson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary Christian musician</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatland_Cavalry" title="Flatland Cavalry">Flatland Cavalry</a>, a country and Americana band.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics_2">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Bledsoe" title="William H. Bledsoe">William H. Bledsoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas State Senate">State Senator</a> who in 1923 pushed for the legislation and the first $1 million appropriation which brought Texas Tech University to Lubbock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Cox" title="William John Cox">William John Cox</a> (Billy Jack Cox), political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Duncan" title="Robert L. Duncan">Robert L. Duncan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an American politician and the fourth chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_System" title="Texas Tech University System">Texas Tech University System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Frullo" title="John Frullo">John Frullo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (U.S.)">Republican</a> politician who represents district 84 in the Texas House of Representatives</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwin_Jones" title="Delwin Jones">Delwin Jones</a><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> late American politician, who, prior to 2011, was the oldest member of the Texas House of Representatives, having represented what became, and what remains District 83 based in the area surrounding Lubbock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Leland" title="Mickey Leland">Mickey Leland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> late <a href="/wiki/Texas_house_of_representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas house of representatives">Texas U.S. Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Montford" title="John T. Montford">John T. Montford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former member of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas State Senate">Texas State Senate</a> from <a href="/wiki/Texas_Senate,_District_28" title="Texas Senate, District 28">District 28</a>, based about Lubbock. He is also a former <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> for <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Lubbock County, Texas">Lubbock County</a> and a former chancellor of the Texas Tech University Systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Nance" title="James C. Nance">James C. Nance</a>, co-founder of Plains Journal, Oklahoma community newspaper chain publisher and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Oklahoma_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives">Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Oklahoma_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate">President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate</a> and member <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Law_Commission" title="Uniform Law Commission">Uniform Law Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Perry_(Texas_politician)" title="Charles Perry (Texas politician)">Charles Perry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> member of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas State Senate">Texas State Senate</a> from West Texas <a href="/wiki/Texas_Senate,_District_28" title="Texas Senate, District 28">District 28</a> which contains the two cities of Lubbock and <a href="/wiki/San_Angelo" class="mw-redirect" title="San Angelo">San Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Smith_(governor)" title="Preston Smith (governor)">Preston Earnest Smith</a>, a long-time resident of Lubbock, was the 40th Governor of Texas from 1969 to 1973 and earlier served as the lieutenant governor from 1963 to 1969<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_2">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Castillo_(boxer)" title="Ruben Castillo (boxer)">Ruben Castillo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madisyn_Cox" title="Madisyn Cox">Madisyn Cox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> competitive swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Crosby" title="Mason Crosby">Mason Crosby</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Placekicker" title="Placekicker">placekicker</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers" title="Green Bay Packers">Green Bay Packers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrett_Culver" title="Jarrett Culver">Jarrett Culver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shooting_guard" title="Shooting guard">shooting guard</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Grizzlies" title="Memphis Grizzlies">Memphis Grizzlies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Ehlo" title="Craig Ehlo">Craig Ehlo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lynn" title="Anthony Lynn">Anthony Lynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Head_coach" title="Head coach">head coach</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">Los Angeles Chargers</a> who coached at Texas Tech University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Minton" title="Greg Minton">Greg Minton</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> pitcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnie_Moore" title="Donnie Moore">Donnie Moore</a>, baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Norris_(boxer)" title="Terry Norris (boxer)">Terry Norris</a>, boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlin_Norris" title="Orlin Norris">Orlin Norris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Payne_(basketball)" title="Mark Payne (basketball)">Mark Payne</a>, professional basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Reeves_(gridiron_football)" title="Ron Reeves (gridiron football)">Ron Reeves</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> former <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micheal_Ray_Richardson" title="Micheal Ray Richardson">Micheal Ray Richardson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> basketball player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Santiago" title="Daniel Santiago">Daniel Santiago</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former professional basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._Shattuc" title="W. E. Shattuc">W. E. Shattuc</a>, who raced in the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> in 1925, 1926, and 1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Tannehill" title="Ryan Tannehill">Ryan Tannehill</a>, quarterback for the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> and later, the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans">Tennessee Titans</a></li> <li>Don Wayne (<a href="/wiki/Bubba_Shobert" title="Bubba Shobert">Bubba Shobert</a>), National Motorcycle Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trae_Young" title="Trae Young">Trae Young</a>, point guard for the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks" title="Atlanta Hawks">Atlanta Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_Salinas" title="Shea Salinas">Shea Salinas</a>, soccer player for the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes" title="San Jose Earthquakes">San Jose Earthquakes</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Jung" title="Josh Jung">Josh Jung</a>, Third Baseman and hitter for the Texas Rangers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_sister_cities">Current sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Current sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> City of <a href="/wiki/Musashino,_Tokyo" title="Musashino, Tokyo">Musashino, Tokyo</a>, Japan – relationship established 1983<sup id="cite_ref-Lubbock_Sister_Cities_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lubbock_Sister_Cities-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/21px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/42px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosenthal_Field" title="Rosenthal Field">Rosenthal Field</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean maxima and minima (i.e., the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CensusGazetteer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensusGazetteer_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusGazetteer_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_48.txt">"202 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318004856/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_48.txt">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=202+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_48.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1374760">"Lubbock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lubbock&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F1374760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusQuickFacts-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensusQuickFacts_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusQuickFacts_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusQuickFacts_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusQuickFacts_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/lubbockcitytexas/PST045222">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Lubbock city, Texas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. May 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+Lubbock+city%2C+Texas&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Flubbockcitytexas%2FPST045222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusUrban-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CensusUrban_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications">"2020 Census Qualifying Urban Areas and Final Criteria Clarifications"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. December 29, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221230035004/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.atitle=2020+Census+Qualifying+Urban+Areas+and+Final+Criteria+Clarifications&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fdocuments%2F2022%2F12%2F29%2F2022-28286%2F2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2023Metro-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2023Metro_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023Metro_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2023/metro/totals/cbsa-est2023-alldata.csv">"Annual Resident Population Estimates and Estimated Components of Resident Population Change for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Their Geographic Components for the United States: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 (CBSA-EST2023-ALLDATA)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, Population Division. March 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Resident+Population+Estimates+and+Estimated+Components+of+Resident+Population+Change+for+Metropolitan+and+Micropolitan+Statistical+Areas+and+Their+Geographic+Components+for+the+United+States%3A+April+1%2C+2020+to+July+1%2C+2023+%28CBSA-EST2023-ALLDATA%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+Population+Division&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdatasets%2F2020-2023%2Fmetro%2Ftotals%2Fcbsa-est2023-alldata.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2023CSA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2023CSA_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2023/metro/totals/csa-est2023-alldata.csv">"Annual Resident Population Estimates and Estimated Components of Resident Population Change for Combined Statistical Areas and Their Geographic Components for the United States: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 (CSA-EST2023-ALLDATA)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, Population Division. March 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Resident+Population+Estimates+and+Estimated+Components+of+Resident+Population+Change+for+Combined+Statistical+Areas+and+Their+Geographic+Components+for+the+United+States%3A+April+1%2C+2020+to+July+1%2C+2023+%28CSA-EST2023-ALLDATA%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+Population+Division&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdatasets%2F2020-2023%2Fmetro%2Ftotals%2Fcsa-est2023-alldata.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/lubbock">"Lubbock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam-Webster Dictionary">Merriam-Webster Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). Merriam-Webster Incorporated. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060320205623/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Lubbock">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lubbock&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster+Incorporated&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.m-w.com%2Fdictionary%2Flubbock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span> The pronunciation has been newsworthy: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestbrook2011" class="citation news cs1">Westbrook, Ray (July 25, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lubbockonline.com/life-savvy-shopper/2011-07-24/grating-sound-lubbick-hard-ears-some-longtime-lubbockites">"The linguistics of Lubb-<i>uh</i>k: The grating sound of 'Lubbick' hard on the ears of some longtime Lubbockites"</a>. <i>Lubbock Avalanche-Journal</i>. pp. A1, A5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052140/http://lubbockonline.com/life-savvy-shopper/2011-07-24/grating-sound-lubbick-hard-ears-some-longtime-lubbockites">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.atitle=The+linguistics+of+Lubb-uhk%3A+The+grating+sound+of+%27Lubbick%27+hard+on+the+ears+of+some+longtime+Lubbockites&rft.pages=A1%2C+A5&rft.date=2011-07-25&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flubbockonline.com%2Flife-savvy-shopper%2F2011-07-24%2Fgrating-sound-lubbick-hard-ears-some-longtime-lubbockites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022Rank-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2022Rank_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2022/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2022-ANNRNK.xlsx">"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2022 Population: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 (SUB-IP-EST2022-ANNRNK)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLSX)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, Population Division. May 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Estimates+of+the+Resident+Population+for+Incorporated+Places+of+50%2C000+or+More%2C+Ranked+by+July+1%2C+2022+Population%3A+April+1%2C+2020+to+July+1%2C+2022+%28SUB-IP-EST2022-ANNRNK%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+Population+Division&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Ftables%2F2020-2022%2Fcities%2Ftotals%2FSUB-IP-EST2022-ANNRNK.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070506082350/http://www.lubbockchamber.com/media.htm">"Media Resources"</a>. Lubbock Chamber of Commerce. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lubbockchamber.com/media.htm">the original</a> on May 6, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Resources&rft.pub=Lubbock+Chamber+of+Commerce&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lubbockchamber.com%2Fmedia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527160140/http://www.ttuhsc.edu/laurawbushinstitute/lubbock/community.aspx">"Lubbock Community"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_Health_Sciences_Center" title="Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center">Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ttuhsc.edu/laurawbushinstitute/lubbock/community.aspx">the original</a> on May 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lubbock+Community&rft.pub=Texas+Tech+University+Health+Sciences+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ttuhsc.edu%2Flaurawbushinstitute%2Flubbock%2Fcommunity.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrowKreig" class="citation web cs1">Morrow, M. R.; Kreig, D. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114143700/http://agron.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/82/1/52">"Cotton Management Strategies for a Short Growing Season Environment: Water-Nitrogen Considerations"</a>. <i>Agronomy Journal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agron.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/82/1/52">the original</a> on January 14, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Cotton+Management+Strategies+for+a+Short+Growing+Season+Environment%3A+Water-Nitrogen+Considerations&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rft.au=Kreig%2C+D.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagron.scijournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F82%2F1%2F52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamalainnen2009" class="citation book cs1">Hamalainnen, Pekka (2009). <i>The Comanche Empire</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.atitle=State+will+clear+stores+to+sell+alcohol+today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flubbockonline.com%2Fstories%2F092309%2Floc_496216511.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDotray" class="citation web cs1">Dotray, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/coronavirus/2020/08/03/planned-parenthood-hiring-for-new-lubbock-location/113838598/">"Planned Parenthood hiring for new Lubbock location"</a>. <i>Lubbock Avalanche-Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810182709/https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/coronavirus/2020/08/03/planned-parenthood-hiring-for-new-lubbock-location/113838598/">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.atitle=Lubbock%27s+state+lawmakers+push+city+council+to+adopt+anti-abortion+ordinance&rft.aulast=Dotray&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lubbockonline.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcoronavirus%2F2020%2F09%2F09%2Flubbockrsquos-state-lawmakers-push-city-council-to-adopt-anti-abortion-ordinance%2F113729674%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/city-council-rejects-proposed-ordinance-declaring-lubbock-a-sanctuary-city-for-the-unborn/">"City Council rejects proposed ordinance declaring Lubbock a 'sanctuary city for the unborn'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>KLBK | KAMC | EverythingLubbock.com</i>. November 18, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126162603/https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/city-council-rejects-proposed-ordinance-declaring-lubbock-a-sanctuary-city-for-the-unborn/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.atitle=Abortion+services+now+being+offered+at+Lubbock%27s+Planned+Parenthood&rft.aulast=Dotray&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lubbockonline.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2021%2F04%2F18%2Fabortion-services-now-being-offered-lubbocks-planned-parenthood%2F7264526002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNajmabadi2021" class="citation web cs1">Najmabadi, Shannon (May 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/01/lubbock-abortion-vote-sanctuary-unborn/">"Lubbock votes to become the state's largest "sanctuary city for the unborn"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Texas Tribune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502163615/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/01/lubbock-abortion-vote-sanctuary-unborn/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.atitle=City%27s+tallest+buildings+likely+won%27t+face+challenge+for+years&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Adam+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flubbockonline.com%2Flocal-news%2F2010-08-09%2Fcitys-tallest-buildings-wont-face-challenge-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=96">"Lubbock"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Weather+Service+Climate&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Dlub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413103228/https://wind-speed.weatherdb.com/l/232/Lubbock-Texas">"Lubbock, Texas – Average Wind Speed By Month and Year"</a>. Wind-speed.weatherdb.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusP004-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusP004_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4845000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004">"P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Lubbock city, Texas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P004%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2000%3A+DEC+Summary+File+1+%E2%80%93+Lubbock+city%2C+Texas&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fg%3D160XX00US4845000%26tid%3DDECENNIALSF12000.P004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4845000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Lubbock city, Texas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2010%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Lubbock+city%2C+Texas&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US4845000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2010.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusP2-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4845000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Lubbock city, Texas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Lubbock+city%2C+Texas&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US4845000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4845000&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05">"2019 ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234758/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4845000&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=2019+ACS+Demographic+and+Housing+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3DLubbock%2520city%2C%2520Texas%2520population%26g%3D1600000US4845000%26tid%3DACSDP1Y2019.DP05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/lubbock-named-one-of-the-best-cities-for-20-somethings/">"Lubbock Named One of the Best Cities for 20-Somethings"</a>. <i>KLBK | KAMC | EverythingLubbock.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KLBK+%7C+KAMC+%7C+EverythingLubbock.com&rft.atitle=Lubbock+Named+One+of+the+Best+Cities+for+20-Somethings&rft.date=2016-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.everythinglubbock.com%2Fnews%2Flubbock-named-one-of-the-best-cities-for-20-somethings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/lubbock-1st-in-texas-for-millennial-homeownership-14th-in-nation/">"Lubbock 1st in Texas for millennial homeownership, 14th in nation"</a>. <i>KLBK | KAMC | EverythingLubbock.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KLBK+%7C+KAMC+%7C+EverythingLubbock.com&rft.atitle=Lubbock+1st+in+Texas+for+millennial+homeownership%2C+14th+in+nation&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.everythinglubbock.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Flubbock-1st-in-texas-for-millennial-homeownership-14th-in-nation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20rent&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP04">"ACS 2019 Financial Estimates"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234758/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20rent&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP04">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=ACS+2019+Financial+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3DLubbock%2520city%2C%2520Texas%2520rent%26tid%3DACSDP1Y2019.DP04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20income&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1901">"2019 ACS Annual Income Estimates"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234758/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20income&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1901">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=churches.sbc.net&rft.atitle=SBC+Churches+Directory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurches.sbc.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031165955/https://texasbaptists.org/churches/">"Texas Baptists – Churches"</a>. <i>texasbaptists.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://texasbaptists.org/churches/">the original</a> on October 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=texasbaptists.org&rft.atitle=Texas+Baptists+%E2%80%93+Churches&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftexasbaptists.org%2Fchurches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatterfield" class="citation web cs1">Satterfield, Rick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/lubbock-texas-temple/">"Lubbock Texas Temple"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405235817/https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/lubbock-texas-temple/">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2008/08/26/News/Students.Return.Boosts.Universitys.BillionDollar.Impact.In.Lubbock-3403983.shtml">the original</a> on August 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Toreador&rft.atitle=Students%27+return+boosts+university%27s+billion-dollar+impact+in+Lubbock&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.www.dailytoreador.com%2Fmedia%2Fstorage%2Fpaper870%2Fnews%2F2008%2F08%2F26%2FNews%2FStudents.Return.Boosts.Universitys.BillionDollar.Impact.In.Lubbock-3403983.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kcbd1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kcbd1_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittle2009" class="citation news cs1">Little, Ann Wyatt (June 12, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcbd.com/story/10514033/city-removes-scrub-a-dubb-land-from-proposed-zoning-change">"City removes Scrub-A-Dubb land from proposed zoning change"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KCBD" title="KCBD">KCBD News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318064200/http://www.kcbd.com/story/10514033/city-removes-scrub-a-dubb-land-from-proposed-zoning-change">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KCBD+News&rft.atitle=City+removes+Scrub-A-Dubb+land+from+proposed+zoning+change&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Ann+Wyatt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcbd.com%2Fstory%2F10514033%2Fcity-removes-scrub-a-dubb-land-from-proposed-zoning-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wire-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wire_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331144500/http://www.localwireless.com/wap/news/text.jsp?carrier=google&sid=122&nid=61353184&cid=162&scid=-1&title=Local+News&ith=0">"EPA takes charge of hazardous waste site in North Lubbock"</a>. <i>Lubbock Local News</i>. August 30, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localwireless.com/wap/news/text.jsp?carrier=google&sid=122&nid=61353184&cid=162&scid=-1&title=Local+News&ith=0">the original</a> on March 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Local+News&rft.atitle=EPA+takes+charge+of+hazardous+waste+site+in+North+Lubbock&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localwireless.com%2Fwap%2Fnews%2Ftext.jsp%3Fcarrier%3Dgoogle%26sid%3D122%26nid%3D61353184%26cid%3D162%26scid%3D-1%26title%3DLocal%2BNews%26ith%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kcbd2-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kcbd2_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlother2011" class="citation news cs1">Slother, Michael (August 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcbd.com/story/15362019/epa-takes-charge-of-hazardous-waste-site-in-north-lubbock">"EPA takes charge of hazardous waste site in North Lubbock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KCBD" title="KCBD">KCBD News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318064231/http://www.kcbd.com/story/15362019/epa-takes-charge-of-hazardous-waste-site-in-north-lubbock">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KCBD+News&rft.atitle=EPA+takes+charge+of+hazardous+waste+site+in+North+Lubbock&rft.date=2011-08-31&rft.aulast=Slother&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcbd.com%2Fstory%2F15362019%2Fepa-takes-charge-of-hazardous-waste-site-in-north-lubbock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarver2024" class="citation web cs1">Carver, Jayme Lozano (July 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2024/07/24/lubbock-texas-drag-show-arts-trail-funding/">"Texas city strips funding for monthly art event over drag show"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Texas_Tribune" title="The Texas Tribune">The Texas Tribune</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816010825/https://www.texastribune.org/2024/07/24/lubbock-texas-drag-show-arts-trail-funding/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Texas+Tribune&rft.atitle=Texas+city+strips+funding+for+monthly+art+event+over+drag+show&rft.date=2024-07-24&rft.aulast=Carver&rft.aufirst=Jayme+Lozano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2024%2F07%2F24%2Flubbock-texas-drag-show-arts-trail-funding%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarver2024" class="citation web cs1">Carver, Jayme Lozano (August 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2024/08/15/lubbock-art-trail-drag-show-council-vote/">"How Lubbock artists pushed back after the city ended funding for its popular art walk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Texas_Tribune" title="The Texas Tribune">The Texas Tribune</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816235129/https://www.texastribune.org/2024/08/15/lubbock-art-trail-drag-show-council-vote/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Texas+Tribune&rft.atitle=How+Lubbock+artists+pushed+back+after+the+city+ended+funding+for+its+popular+art+walk&rft.date=2024-08-15&rft.aulast=Carver&rft.aufirst=Jayme+Lozano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2024%2F08%2F15%2Flubbock-art-trail-drag-show-council-vote%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rockhall.com/inductees/buddy-holly/bio/">"RockHall inductee Buddy Holly"</a>. <i>rockhall.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119073115/http://rockhall.com/inductees/buddy-holly/bio/">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2009/01/29/News/City-Approves.20k.Contract.For.Buddy.Holly.Naming.Rights-3602516.shtml">the original</a> on April 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.atitle=Leaders+say+Lubbock%27s+Milwaukee+Avenue+took+creative+funding%2C+project+of+similar+scope+not+foreseen&rft.date=2018-07-28&rft.au=Matt+Dotray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lubbockonline.com%2Fnews%2F20180728%2Fleaders-say-lubbocks-milwaukee-avenue-took-creative-funding-project-of-similar-scope-not-foreseen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/politics/government/2023/10/26/lpl-lubbocks-competitive-electric-shopping-window-to-open-jan-2024/71333556007/">"Competitive electric shopping window to open Jan. 2024"</a>. <i>lubbockonline.com</i>. October 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lubbockonline.com&rft.atitle=Competitive+electric+shopping+window+to+open+Jan.+2024&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lubbockonline.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fgovernment%2F2023%2F10%2F26%2Flpl-lubbocks-competitive-electric-shopping-window-to-open-jan-2024%2F71333556007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/chace-crawford/bio/282707">"Chace Crawford"</a>. 2014 CBS Interactive Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606233656/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/chace-crawford/bio/282707">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chace+Crawford&rft.pub=2014+CBS+Interactive+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvguide.com%2Fcelebrities%2Fchace-crawford%2Fbio%2F282707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140607011918/http://www.cas.umt.edu/history/people/facultyDetails.php?id=628">"Dan Flores"</a>. The University of Montana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.umt.edu/history/people/facultyDetails.php?id=628">the original</a> on June 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dan+Flores&rft.pub=The+University+of+Montana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cas.umt.edu%2Fhistory%2Fpeople%2FfacultyDetails.php%3Fid%3D628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Briscoe2006" class="citation news cs1">Robin Briscoe (November 5, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lubbockonline.com/stories/110506/loc_110506065.shtml">"Memories of escape from Hungary still burn bright"</a>. <i>Lubbock Avalanche-Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124844/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/110506/loc_110506065.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.atitle=Memories+of+escape+from+Hungary+still+burn+bright&rft.date=2006-11-05&rft.au=Robin+Briscoe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flubbockonline.com%2Fstories%2F110506%2Floc_110506065.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/terry-allen-mn0000026510/biography">"Terry Allen"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003313/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/terry-allen-mn0000026510/biography">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terry+Allen&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fterry-allen-mn0000026510%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruhlmann, William. "Ponty Bone Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 13 September 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/mac-davis-mn0000185669/biography">"Mac Davis"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003425/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/mac-davis-mn0000185669/biography">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mac+Davis&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fmac-davis-mn0000185669%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/butch-hancock-mn0000525664/biography">"Butch Hancock"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811003111/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/butch-hancock-mn0000525664/biography">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Butch+Hancock&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fbutch-hancock-mn0000525664%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/joe-ely-mn0000152002/biography">"Joe Ely"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303014157/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/joe-ely-mn0000152002/biography">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joe+Ely&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fjoe-ely-mn0000152002%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanprofile.com/articles/singer-pat-green/">"Pat Green"</a>. 2014 American Profile, Publishing Group of America. September 24, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606232403/http://americanprofile.com/articles/singer-pat-green/">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pat+Green&rft.pub=2014+American+Profile%2C+Publishing+Group+of+America&rft.date=2006-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanprofile.com%2Farticles%2Fsinger-pat-green%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorwine2006" class="citation book cs1">Norwine, Doug and Shrum, Gary (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hsys7auEM2sC&pg=PA33"><i>Heritage Auction Galleries Presents the Maria Elena Collection of Buddy Holly Memorabilia Auction Catalog</i></a>. Heritage Capital Corporation. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781599670515" title="Special:BookSources/9781599670515"><bdi>9781599670515</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heritage+Auction+Galleries+Presents+the+Maria+Elena+Collection+of+Buddy+Holly+Memorabilia+Auction+Catalog&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Heritage+Capital+Corporation&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781599670515&rft.aulast=Norwine&rft.aufirst=Doug+and+Shrum%2C+Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHsys7auEM2sC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/rolling-stones-saxophonist-bobby-keys-dead-at-70-64076/">"Rolling Stones Saxophonist Bobby Keys Dead at 70"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109223949/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/rolling-stones-saxophonist-bobby-keys-dead-at-70-64076/">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Rolling+Stones+Saxophonist+Bobby+Keys+Dead+at+70&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Frolling-stones-saxophonist-bobby-keys-dead-at-70-64076%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lloyd-maines-mn0000273133">"Lloyd Maines"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531213153/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lloyd-maines-mn0000273133">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lloyd+Maines&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Flloyd-maines-mn0000273133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/delbert-mcclinton-mn0000815236/biography">"Delbert McClinton"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140509023410/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/delbert-mcclinton-mn0000815236/biography">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delbert+McClinton&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fdelbert-mcclinton-mn0000815236%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/richie-mcdonald-mn0000295506/biography">"Richie McDonald"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203032438/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/richie-mcdonald-mn0000295506/biography">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richie+McDonald&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Frichie-mcdonald-mn0000295506%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/legendary-stardust-cowboy-mn0000193581">"Norman Carl Odam"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131229215906/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/legendary-stardust-cowboy-mn0000193581">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+Carl+Odam&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Flegendary-stardust-cowboy-mn0000193581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193751/http://www.lubbockonline.com/news/011297/apersist.htm">"A persistent calling to play"</a>. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+persistent+calling+to+play&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lubbockonline.com%2Fnews%2F011297%2Fapersist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/josh-wilson-mn0000990625/biography">"Josh Wilson"</a>. 2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203023548/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/josh-wilson-mn0000990625/biography">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Josh+Wilson&rft.pub=2014+AllMusic%2C+a+division+of+All+Media+Network%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fjosh-wilson-mn0000990625%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606235614/http://www.duncan.senate.state.tx.us/">"Robert L. Duncan"</a>. The Senate of Texas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duncan.senate.state.tx.us/">the original</a> on June 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+L.+Duncan&rft.pub=The+Senate+of+Texas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duncan.senate.state.tx.us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=84">"John Frullo"</a>. Texas House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506123056/http://www.house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=84">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Frullo&rft.pub=Texas+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhouse.texas.gov%2Fmembers%2Fmember-page%2F%3Fdistrict%3D84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/directory/districts/tx-house/83/">"Texas House District 83"</a>. <i>Texas Tribune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111065520/https://www.texastribune.org/directory/districts/tx-house/83/">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Tribune&rft.atitle=Texas+House+District+83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2Fdirectory%2Fdistricts%2Ftx-house%2F83%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16887">"Mickey Leland"</a>. Office of the Historian: history@mail.house.gov Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk: art@mail.house.gov, archives@mail.house.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140607002118/http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16887">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mickey+Leland&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%3A+history%40mail.house.gov+Office+of+Art+%26+Archives%2C+Office+of+the+Clerk%3A+art%40mail.house.gov%2C+archives%40mail.house.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FDetail%2F16887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?pers_id=3198">"John T. Montford"</a>. StateCemetery@tfc.state.tx.us. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140607010115/http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?pers_id=3198">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+T.+Montford&rft.pub=StateCemetery%40tfc.state.tx.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cemetery.state.tx.us%2Fpub%2Fuser_form.asp%3Fpers_id%3D3198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=83">"Charles Perry"</a>. Texas House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501211521/http://www.house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=83">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Perry&rft.pub=Texas+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhouse.texas.gov%2Fmembers%2Fmember-page%2F%3Fdistrict%3D83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_texas/col2-content/main-content-list/title_smith_preston.html">"Preston Earnest Smith"</a>. National Governors Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140607010522/http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_texas/col2-content/main-content-list/title_smith_preston.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preston+Earnest+Smith&rft.pub=National+Governors+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.org%2Fcms%2Fhome%2Fgovernors%2Fpast-governors-bios%2Fpage_texas%2Fcol2-content%2Fmain-content-list%2Ftitle_smith_preston.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=187&cat=boxer">"Ruben Castillo"</a>. Box Rec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150330060458/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=187&cat=boxer">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruben+Castillo&rft.pub=Box+Rec&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboxrec.com%2Flist_bouts.php%3Fhuman_id%3D187%26cat%3Dboxer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, Andrew (June 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcbd.com/2021/06/17/lubbock-native-madisyn-cox-misses-trip-olympic-games-by-02-seconds/">"Lubbock native Madisyn Cox misses trip to Tokyo Olympics by .02 seconds"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722033532/https://www.kcbd.com/2021/06/17/lubbock-native-madisyn-cox-misses-trip-olympic-games-by-02-seconds/">Archived</a> July 22, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KCBD" title="KCBD">KCBD</a></i>. Retrieved July 21, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/e/ehlocr01.html">"Craig Ehlo"</a>. 2000–2014 Sports Reference LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927113656/http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/e/ehlocr01.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Craig+Ehlo&rft.pub=2000%E2%80%932014+Sports+Reference+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.basketball-reference.com%2Fplayers%2Fe%2Fehlocr01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=515&cat=boxer">"Orlin Norris"</a>. BoxRec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327071845/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=515&cat=boxer">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orlin+Norris&rft.pub=BoxRec&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboxrec.com%2Flist_bouts.php%3Fhuman_id%3D515%26cat%3Dboxer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/r/richami01.html">"Micheal Ray Richardson"</a>. 2000–2014 Sports Reference LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100915075117/http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/r/richami01.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Micheal+Ray+Richardson&rft.pub=2000%E2%80%932014+Sports+Reference+LLC.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.basketball-reference.com%2Fplayers%2Fr%2Frichami01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/s/santida01.html">"Daniel Santiago"</a>. 2000–2014 Sports Reference LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410105509/http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/s/santida01.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daniel+Santiago&rft.pub=2000%E2%80%932014+Sports+Reference+LLC.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.basketball-reference.com%2Fplayers%2Fs%2Fsantida01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lubbock_Sister_Cities-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lubbock_Sister_Cities_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnrique_Rangel2001" class="citation news cs1">Enrique Rangel (March 3, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lubbockonline.com/stories/030301/loc_030301050.shtml">"City Council hopes sister city commission pays off"</a>. <i>Lubbock Avalanche-Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120527124316/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/030301/loc_030301050.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.atitle=City+Council+hopes+sister+city+commission+pays+off&rft.date=2001-03-03&rft.au=Enrique+Rangel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flubbockonline.com%2Fstories%2F030301%2Floc_030301050.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lubbock,_Texas#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Lubbock, Texas">Bibliography of the history of Lubbock, Texas</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbe,_Donald_R.Carlson,_Paul_H.2008" class="citation book cs1">Abbe, Donald R. & Carlson, Paul H. (2008). <i>Historic Lubbock County: An Illustrated History</i>. Historical Pub Network. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893619-90-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893619-90-6"><bdi>978-1-893619-90-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Lubbock+County%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=Historical+Pub+Network&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-893619-90-6&rft.au=Abbe%2C+Donald+R.&rft.au=Carlson%2C+Paul+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogenerTydeman2011" class="citation book cs1">Bogener, Stephen; Tydeman, William, eds. (2011). <i>Llano Estacado: An Island in the Sky</i>. Texas Tech University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-682-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-682-6"><bdi>978-0-89672-682-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Llano+Estacado%3A+An+Island+in+the+Sky&rft.pub=Texas+Tech+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-89672-682-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochran,_MikeLumpkin,_John1999" class="citation book cs1">Cochran, Mike & Lumpkin, John (1999). <i>West Texas: A Portrait of Its People and Their Raw and Wondrous Land</i>. Texas Tech University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-426-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-426-6"><bdi>978-0-89672-426-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Texas%3A+A+Portrait+of+Its+People+and+Their+Raw+and+Wondrous+Land&rft.pub=Texas+Tech+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-89672-426-6&rft.au=Cochran%2C+Mike&rft.au=Lumpkin%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_Conny_McDonald2003" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Conny McDonald (2003). <i>Art Lives in West Texas</i>. Pecan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9670928-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9670928-1-2"><bdi>978-0-9670928-1-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Lives+in+West+Texas&rft.pub=Pecan+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9670928-1-2&rft.au=Martin%2C+Conny+McDonald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeal,_Bill2009" class="citation book cs1">Neal, Bill (2009). <i>Sex, Murder, and the Unwritten Law: Courting Judicial Mayhem, Texas Style</i>. Texas Tech University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-662-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-662-8"><bdi>978-0-89672-662-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex%2C+Murder%2C+and+the+Unwritten+Law%3A+Courting+Judicial+Mayhem%2C+Texas+Style&rft.pub=Texas+Tech+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-89672-662-8&rft.au=Neal%2C+Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfluger,_Marsha2004" class="citation book cs1">Pfluger, Marsha (2004). <i>Across Time and Territory: A Walk through the National Ranching Heritage Center</i>. National Ranching Heritage Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9759360-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9759360-0-9"><bdi>978-0-9759360-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Across+Time+and+Territory%3A+A+Walk+through+the+National+Ranching+Heritage+Center&rft.pub=National+Ranching+Heritage+Center&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-9759360-0-9&rft.au=Pfluger%2C+Marsha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALubbock%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubbock,_Texas&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Lubbock, Texas</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lubbock,_Texas" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Lubbock, Texas">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lubbock,_Texas" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Lubbock, Texas">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lubbock,_Texas" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Lubbock, Texas">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lubbock,_Texas" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Lubbock, Texas">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lubbock,_Texas" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Lubbock, Texas">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lubbock,_Texas" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Lubbock, Texas">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lubbock" class="extiw" title="voy:Lubbock">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.lubbock.tx.us">Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lubbockchamber.com">Lubbock Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitlubbock.org">Visit Lubbock</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/HDL04">Lubbock</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/33300880">Lubbock, Texas</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Lubbock,_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Lubbock, Texas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Littlefield,_Texas" title="Littlefield, Texas">LittleField</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abernathy,_Texas" title="Abernathy, Texas">Abernathy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Plainview,_Texas" title="Plainview, Texas">Plainview</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Floydada,_Texas" title="Floydada, Texas">Floydada</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Levelland,_Texas" title="Levelland, Texas">Levelland</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Lubbock</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Crosbyton,_Texas" title="Crosbyton, Texas">Crosbyton</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfforth,_Texas" title="Wolfforth, Texas">Wolfforth</a> & <a href="/wiki/Brownfield,_Texas" title="Brownfield, Texas">Brownfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tahoka,_Texas" title="Tahoka, Texas">Tahoka</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slaton,_Texas" title="Slaton, Texas">Slaton</a> & <a href="/wiki/Post,_Texas" title="Post, Texas">Post</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lubbock,_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lubbock,_Texas" title="Template:Lubbock, Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lubbock,_Texas" title="Template talk:Lubbock, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lubbock,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lubbock, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lubbock,_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lubbock, Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lubbock,_Texas" title="Timeline of Lubbock, Texas">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Lubbock,_Texas" title="List of colleges and universities in Lubbock, Texas">Tertiary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University" title="Texas Tech University">Texas Tech University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains_College" title="South Plains College">South Plains College</a> <small>Lubbock Downtown Center and Lubbock Career and Technical Center</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K-12</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Independent_School_District" title="Lubbock Independent School District">Lubbock ISD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronado_High_School_(Lubbock,_Texas)" title="Coronado High School (Lubbock, Texas)">Coronado HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estacado_High_School" title="Estacado High School">Estacado HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_High_School" title="Lubbock High School">Lubbock HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_High_School_(Lubbock,_Texas)" title="Monterey High School (Lubbock, Texas)">Monterey HS</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frenship_Independent_School_District" title="Frenship Independent School District">Frenship ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idalou_Independent_School_District" title="Idalou Independent School District">Idalou ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock-Cooper_Independent_School_District" title="Lubbock-Cooper Independent School District">Lubbock-Cooper ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_Independent_School_District" title="New Deal Independent School District">New Deal ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Independent_School_District" title="Roosevelt Independent School District">Roosevelt ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallowater_Independent_School_District" title="Shallowater Independent School District">Shallowater ISD</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Episcopal_School_(Lubbock,_Texas)" title="All Saints Episcopal School (Lubbock, Texas)">All Saints Episcopal School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_Cathedral_School" title="Christ the King Cathedral School">Christ the King Cathedral School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Christian_High_School_(Lubbock,_Texas)" title="Trinity Christian High School (Lubbock, Texas)">Trinity Christian High School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Preston_Smith_International_Airport" title="Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport">Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly_Center" title="Buddy Holly Center">Buddy Holly Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenthal_Field" title="Rosenthal Field">Rosenthal Field</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Hubbers" title="Lubbock Hubbers">Lubbock Hubbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_Avalanche-Journal" title="Lubbock Avalanche-Journal">Lubbock Avalanche-Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Lubbock_County,_Texas,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Template:Lubbock County, Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Template talk:Lubbock County, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lubbock County, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Lubbock_County,_Texas,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Lubbock County, Texas"><span class="region">Lubbock County, Texas</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Lubbock</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Texas)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abernathy,_Texas" title="Abernathy, Texas">Abernathy</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idalou,_Texas" title="Idalou, Texas">Idalou</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallowater,_Texas" title="Shallowater, Texas">Shallowater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaton,_Texas" title="Slaton, Texas">Slaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfforth,_Texas" title="Wolfforth, Texas">Wolfforth</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lubbock County map"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Lubbock_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Lubbock_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Lubbock_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Lubbock_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Lubbock_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Lubbock_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1317" /></span><figcaption>Lubbock County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal,_Texas" title="New Deal, Texas">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransom_Canyon,_Texas" title="Ransom Canyon, Texas">Ransom Canyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Texas)">Village</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Springs,_Texas" title="Buffalo Springs, Texas">Buffalo Springs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area#United_States" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acuff,_Texas" title="Acuff, Texas">Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becton,_Texas" title="Becton, Texas">Becton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon,_Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Canyon, Lubbock County, Texas">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estacado,_Texas" title="Estacado, Texas">Estacado</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlwood,_Texas" title="Hurlwood, Texas">Hurlwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Liberty, Lubbock County, Texas">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posey,_Texas" title="Posey, Texas">Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reese_Center,_Texas" title="Reese Center, Texas">Reese Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt,_Lubbock_County,_Texas" title="Roosevelt, Lubbock County, Texas">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide,_Texas" title="Slide, Texas">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow,_Texas" title="Woodrow, Texas">Woodrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadview,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadview, Texas (page does not exist)">Broadview</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlisle,_Lubbock_County,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlisle, Lubbock County, Texas (page does not exist)">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckville,_Texas" title="Heckville, Texas">Heckville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitalou,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitalou, Texas (page does not exist)">Kitalou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midway,_Lubbock_County,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midway, Lubbock County, Texas (page does not exist)">Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reese_Village,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reese Village, Texas (page does not exist)">Reese Village</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union,_Lubbock_County,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union, Lubbock County, Texas (page does not exist)">Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Texas (state)"><span>Texas portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas_county_seats" title="Template:Texas county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas_county_seats" title="Template talk:Texas county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Texas" title="Albany, Texas">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice,_Texas" title="Alice, Texas">Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine,_Texas" title="Alpine, Texas">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anahuac,_Texas" title="Anahuac, Texas">Anahuac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson,_Texas" title="Anderson, Texas">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews,_Texas" title="Andrews, Texas">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angleton,_Texas" title="Angleton, Texas">Angleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson,_Texas" title="Anson, Texas">Anson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archer_City,_Texas" title="Archer City, Texas">Archer City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspermont,_Texas" title="Aspermont, Texas">Aspermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Texas" title="Athens, Texas">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baird,_Texas" title="Baird, Texas">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinger,_Texas" title="Ballinger, Texas">Ballinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandera,_Texas" title="Bandera, Texas">Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop,_Texas" title="Bastrop, Texas">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Texas" title="Bay City, Texas">Bay City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeville,_Texas" title="Beeville, Texas">Beeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellville,_Texas" title="Bellville, Texas">Bellville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belton,_Texas" title="Belton, Texas">Belton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin,_Texas" title="Benjamin, Texas">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Lake,_Texas" title="Big Lake, Texas">Big Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Spring,_Texas" title="Big Spring, Texas">Big Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerne,_Texas" title="Boerne, Texas">Boerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonham,_Texas" title="Bonham, Texas">Bonham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Texas" title="Boston, Texas">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brackettville,_Texas" title="Brackettville, Texas">Brackettville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brady,_Texas" title="Brady, Texas">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breckenridge,_Texas" title="Breckenridge, Texas">Breckenridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenham,_Texas" title="Brenham, Texas">Brenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield,_Texas" title="Brownfield, Texas">Brownfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownwood,_Texas" title="Brownwood, Texas">Brownwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet,_Texas" title="Burnet, Texas">Burnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Texas" title="Caldwell, Texas">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron,_Texas" title="Cameron, Texas">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian,_Texas" title="Canadian, Texas">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Texas" title="Canton, Texas">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon,_Texas" title="Canyon, Texas">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Springs,_Texas" title="Carrizo Springs, Texas">Carrizo Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Texas" title="Carthage, Texas">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center,_Texas" title="Center, Texas">Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerville,_Texas" title="Centerville, Texas">Centerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing,_Texas" title="Channing, Texas">Channing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childress,_Texas" title="Childress, Texas">Childress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon,_Texas" title="Clarendon, Texas">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Texas" title="Clarksville, Texas">Clarksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude,_Texas" title="Claude, Texas">Claude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldspring,_Texas" title="Coldspring, Texas">Coldspring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman,_Texas" title="Coleman, Texas">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_City,_Texas" title="Colorado City, Texas">Colorado City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Texas" title="Columbus, Texas">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche,_Texas" title="Comanche, Texas">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conroe,_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas">Conroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper,_Texas" title="Cooper, Texas">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsicana,_Texas" title="Corsicana, Texas">Corsicana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotulla,_Texas" title="Cotulla, Texas">Cotulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane,_Texas" title="Crane, Texas">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett,_Texas" title="Crockett, Texas">Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosbyton,_Texas" title="Crosbyton, Texas">Crosbyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowell,_Texas" title="Crowell, Texas">Crowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Texas" title="Crystal City, Texas">Crystal City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuero,_Texas" title="Cuero, Texas">Cuero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daingerfield,_Texas" title="Daingerfield, Texas">Daingerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalhart,_Texas" title="Dalhart, Texas">Dalhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Texas" title="Decatur, Texas">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Rio,_Texas" title="Del Rio, Texas">Del Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Texas" title="Denton, Texas">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickens,_Texas" title="Dickens, Texas">Dickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimmitt,_Texas" title="Dimmitt, Texas">Dimmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumas,_Texas" title="Dumas, Texas">Dumas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Pass,_Texas" title="Eagle Pass, Texas">Eagle Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastland,_Texas" title="Eastland, Texas">Eastland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna,_Texas" title="Edna, Texas">Edna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado,_Texas" title="Eldorado, Texas">Eldorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory,_Texas" title="Emory, Texas">Emory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Texas" title="Fairfield, Texas">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falfurrias,_Texas" title="Falfurrias, Texas">Falfurrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farwell,_Texas" title="Farwell, Texas">Farwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floresville,_Texas" title="Floresville, Texas">Floresville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floydada,_Texas" title="Floydada, Texas">Floydada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Davis,_Texas" title="Fort Davis, Texas">Fort Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stockton,_Texas" title="Fort Stockton, Texas">Fort Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Texas" title="Franklin, Texas">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Texas" title="Fredericksburg, Texas">Fredericksburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gail,_Texas" title="Gail, Texas">Gail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Texas" title="Gainesville, Texas">Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Texas" title="Garden City, Texas">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatesville,_Texas" title="Gatesville, Texas">Gatesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_West,_Texas" title="George West, Texas">George West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Texas" title="Georgetown, Texas">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giddings,_Texas" title="Giddings, Texas">Giddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmer,_Texas" title="Gilmer, Texas">Gilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Rose,_Texas" title="Glen Rose, Texas">Glen Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldthwaite,_Texas" title="Goldthwaite, Texas">Goldthwaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliad,_Texas" title="Goliad, Texas">Goliad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzales,_Texas" title="Gonzales, Texas">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham,_Texas" title="Graham, Texas">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granbury,_Texas" title="Granbury, Texas">Granbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Texas" title="Greenville, Texas">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groesbeck,_Texas" title="Groesbeck, Texas">Groesbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groveton,_Texas" title="Groveton, Texas">Groveton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthrie,_Texas" title="Guthrie, Texas">Guthrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallettsville,_Texas" title="Hallettsville, Texas">Hallettsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Texas" title="Hamilton, Texas">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell,_Texas" title="Haskell, Texas">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbronville,_Texas" title="Hebbronville, Texas">Hebbronville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemphill,_Texas" title="Hemphill, Texas">Hemphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_Texas" title="Hempstead, Texas">Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Texas" title="Henderson, Texas">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta,_Texas" title="Henrietta, Texas">Henrietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford,_Texas" title="Hereford, Texas">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Texas" title="Hillsboro, Texas">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondo,_Texas" title="Hondo, Texas">Hondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Texas" title="Huntsville, Texas">Huntsville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">J</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacksboro,_Texas" title="Jacksboro, Texas">Jacksboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Texas" title="Jasper, Texas">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayton,_Texas" title="Jayton, Texas">Jayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_Texas" title="Jefferson, Texas">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_Texas" title="Johnson City, Texas">Johnson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jourdanton,_Texas" title="Jourdanton, Texas">Jourdanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junction,_Texas" title="Junction, Texas">Junction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnes_City,_Texas" title="Karnes City, Texas">Karnes City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufman,_Texas" title="Kaufman, Texas">Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermit,_Texas" title="Kermit, Texas">Kermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrville,_Texas" title="Kerrville, Texas">Kerrville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsville,_Texas" title="Kingsville, Texas">Kingsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kountze,_Texas" title="Kountze, Texas">Kountze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Grange,_Texas" title="La Grange, Texas">La Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamesa,_Texas" title="Lamesa, Texas">Lamesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampasas,_Texas" title="Lampasas, Texas">Lampasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leakey,_Texas" title="Leakey, Texas">Leakey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levelland,_Texas" title="Levelland, Texas">Levelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Texas" title="Liberty, Texas">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Texas" title="Linden, Texas">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipscomb,_Texas" title="Lipscomb, Texas">Lipscomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlefield,_Texas" title="Littlefield, Texas">Littlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Texas" title="Livingston, Texas">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano,_Texas" title="Llano, Texas">Llano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockhart,_Texas" title="Lockhart, Texas">Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufkin,_Texas" title="Lufkin, Texas">Lufkin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madisonville,_Texas" title="Madisonville, Texas">Madisonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marfa,_Texas" title="Marfa, Texas">Marfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin,_Texas" title="Marlin, Texas">Marlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Texas" title="Marshall, Texas">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason,_Texas" title="Mason, Texas">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matador,_Texas" title="Matador, Texas">Matador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinney,_Texas" title="McKinney, Texas">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Texas" title="Memphis, Texas">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menard,_Texas" title="Menard, Texas">Menard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentone,_Texas" title="Mentone, Texas">Mentone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Texas" title="Meridian, Texas">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mertzon,_Texas" title="Mertzon, Texas">Mertzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami,_Texas" title="Miami, Texas">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monahans,_Texas" title="Monahans, Texas">Monahans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague,_Texas" title="Montague, Texas">Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton,_Texas" title="Morton, Texas">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Texas" title="Mount Pleasant, Texas">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Texas" title="Mount Vernon, Texas">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muleshoe,_Texas" title="Muleshoe, Texas">Muleshoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacogdoches,_Texas" title="Nacogdoches, Texas">Nacogdoches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Texas" title="Newton, Texas">Newton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_Texas" title="Orange, Texas">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozona,_Texas" title="Ozona, Texas">Ozona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Texas" title="Paducah, Texas">Paducah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_Rock,_Texas" title="Paint Rock, Texas">Paint Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine,_Texas" title="Palestine, Texas">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Pinto,_Texas" title="Palo Pinto, Texas">Palo Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampa,_Texas" title="Pampa, Texas">Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhandle,_Texas" title="Panhandle, Texas">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Texas" title="Paris, Texas">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearsall,_Texas" title="Pearsall, Texas">Pearsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos,_Texas" title="Pecos, Texas">Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perryton,_Texas" title="Perryton, Texas">Perryton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburg,_Texas" title="Pittsburg, Texas">Pittsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains,_Texas" title="Plains, Texas">Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plainview,_Texas" title="Plainview, Texas">Plainview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Lavaca,_Texas" title="Port Lavaca, Texas">Port Lavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post,_Texas" title="Post, Texas">Post</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Q</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quanah,_Texas" title="Quanah, Texas">Quanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitman,_Texas" title="Quitman, Texas">Quitman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rankin,_Texas" title="Rankin, Texas">Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymondville,_Texas" title="Raymondville, Texas">Raymondville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugio,_Texas" title="Refugio, Texas">Refugio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Texas" title="Richmond, Texas">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_City,_Texas" title="Rio Grande City, Texas">Rio Grande City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee,_Texas" title="Robert Lee, Texas">Robert Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roby,_Texas" title="Roby, Texas">Roby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockport,_Texas" title="Rockport, Texas">Rockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocksprings,_Texas" title="Rocksprings, Texas">Rocksprings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwall,_Texas" title="Rockwall, Texas">Rockwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusk,_Texas" title="Rusk, Texas">Rusk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Augustine,_Texas" title="San Augustine, Texas">San Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_Texas" title="San Diego, Texas">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba,_Texas" title="San Saba, Texas">San Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanderson,_Texas" title="Sanderson, Texas">Sanderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarita,_Texas" title="Sarita, Texas">Sarita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguin,_Texas" title="Seguin, Texas">Seguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole,_Texas" title="Seminole, Texas">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Texas" title="Seymour, Texas">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Blanca,_Texas" title="Sierra Blanca, Texas">Sierra Blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverton,_Texas" title="Silverton, Texas">Silverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinton,_Texas" title="Sinton, Texas">Sinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snyder,_Texas" title="Snyder, Texas">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora,_Texas" title="Sonora, Texas">Sonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearman,_Texas" title="Spearman, Texas">Spearman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton,_Texas" title="Stanton, Texas">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenville,_Texas" title="Stephenville, Texas">Stephenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_City,_Texas" title="Sterling City, Texas">Sterling City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinnett,_Texas" title="Stinnett, Texas">Stinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Texas" title="Stratford, Texas">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulphur_Springs,_Texas" title="Sulphur Springs, Texas">Sulphur Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater,_Texas" title="Sweetwater, Texas">Sweetwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">T</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahoka,_Texas" title="Tahoka, Texas">Tahoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throckmorton,_Texas" title="Throckmorton, Texas">Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilden,_Texas" title="Tilden, Texas">Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulia,_Texas" title="Tulia, Texas">Tulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uvalde,_Texas" title="Uvalde, Texas">Uvalde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Horn,_Texas" title="Van Horn, Texas">Van Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega,_Texas" title="Vega, Texas">Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Texas" title="Vernon, Texas">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">W</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxahachie,_Texas" title="Waxahachie, Texas">Waxahachie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherford,_Texas" title="Weatherford, Texas">Weatherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington,_Texas" title="Wellington, Texas">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharton,_Texas" title="Wharton, Texas">Wharton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler,_Texas" title="Wheeler, Texas">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Texas" title="Woodville, Texas">Woodville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Z</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zapata,_Texas" title="Zapata, Texas">Zapata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas" title="Template:Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas" title="Template talk:Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Texas-related_articles" title="Index of Texas-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Texas" title="Outline of Texas">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Texas" title="Architecture of Texas">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Texas" title="Climate of Texas">Climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Texas" title="Climate change in Texas">Climate change</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Texas" title="Geography of Texas">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Texas" title="Healthcare in Texas">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Texas" title="Languages of Texas">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Texas" title="Law of Texas">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_literature" title="Texas literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Texas" title="Category:Mass media in Texas">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Texas" title="List of newspapers in Texas">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Texas" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">National Register of Historic Places Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmarks" title="List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks">Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Texas" title="Sports in Texas">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_state_symbols" title="List of Texas state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Texas" title="List of people from Texas">Texans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Texas" title="Time in Texas">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Texas" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Texas">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Texas" title="Transportation in Texas">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Texas" title="Abortion in Texas">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Texas" title="Culture of Texas">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Texas" title="Crime in Texas">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Texas" title="Demographics of Texas">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Texas" title="Economy of Texas">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Texas" title="Education in Texas">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Texas" title="Gambling in Texas">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Texas" title="Gun laws in Texas">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Texas">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Texas">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Texas" title="Politics of Texas">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark‑La‑Tex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_(Texas)" title="Big Bend (Texas)">Big Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Chica_(Texas)" title="Boca Chica (Texas)">Boca Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blackland_Prairies" title="Texas Blackland Prairies">Blackland Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_Valley" title="Brazos Valley">Brazos Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Coastal_Bend" title="Texas Coastal Bend">Coastal Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concho_Valley" title="Concho Valley">Concho Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Triangle (Texas)">Golden Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Plains" title="Osage Plains">Osage Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_panhandle" title="Texas panhandle">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Lower Rio Grande Valley">Rio Grande Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texoma" title="Texoma">Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_metropolitan_areas" title="List of Texas metropolitan areas">Metropolitan<br />areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Greater Austin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>–<a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Texas" title="Port Arthur, Texas">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">DFW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>–<a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas">Sugar Land</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Temple,_Texas" title="Temple, Texas">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kilgore,_Texas" title="Kilgore, Texas">Kilgore</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mission,_Texas" title="Mission, Texas">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>–<a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a>–<a href="/wiki/Denison,_Texas" title="Denison, Texas">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Creek_(Texas)" title="Wagner Creek (Texas)">Wagner Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">List of counties in Texas</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr3vPgYbQ77MQjc8VYpT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4249093-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50043852">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554821405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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