MDPI Author Services

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="https://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta content="mdpi" name="sso-service" /> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport" /> <title>MDPI Author Services</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/font-awesome.min.css?eb190a3a77e5e1ee?1732615622"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery.multiselect.css?f56c135cbf4d1483?1732615622"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/chosen.min.css?d7ca5ca9441ef9e1?1732615622"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/main2.css?69b39374e6b554b7?1732615622"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/mask-icon-128.svg?c1c7eca266cd7013?1732615622" color="#4f5671"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1732615622"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/favicon-32x32.png?1732615622"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/favicon-96x96.png?1732615622"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/favicon-16x16.png?1732615622"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/favicon-192x192.png?1732615622"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="application-name" content=" "/> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-icon-180x180.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-icon-114x114.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-icon-120x120.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-icon-144x144.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-icon-152x152.png?1732615622"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-icon-180x180.png?1732615622"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/ms-icon-144x144.png?1732615622"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/mstile-70x70.png?1732615622" /> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/mstile-150x150.png?1732615622" /> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/mstile-310x150.png?1732615622" /> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/mstile-310x310.png?1732615622" /> <meta name="description" content="Need your work edited by tomorrow? Fast, accurate, professional English language editing to prepare your research for publication. Available to all authors."> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - Latest articles" href="https://www.mdpi.com/rss"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="PxTlsg7z2S00aHroktQd57fxygEjMiNHydKn3txhvwY"> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="mcoq8dtq6sb2hf7z29j8w515jjoof7" /> <script id="Cookiebot" data-cfasync="false" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f" type="text/javascript" async></script>  <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WPK7SW5'); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> _linkedin_partner_id = "2846186"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics" data-cfasync="false" src="//script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0116/4951.js" async="async" ></script> </head> <body> <div id="menuModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-reveal role="dialog"> <div class="menu-container"> <div class="UI_NavMenu"> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Journals</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="/about/journals">Active Journals</a> <a href="/about/journalfinder">Find a Journal</a> <a href="/about/journals/proposal">Journal Proposal</a> <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/topics"> <h2>Topics</h2> </a> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Information</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 200px; float: left;"> <a href="/authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a> <a href="/editors">For Editors</a> <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a> <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a> <a href="/societies">For Societies</a> <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a> </div> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 250px; float: left;"> <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a> <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a> <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a> <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a> <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a> <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a> <a href="/awards">Awards</a> <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/authors/english"> <h2>Editing Services</h2> </a> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Initiatives</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sciforum</a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MDPI Books</a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preprints.org</a> <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Scilit</a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SciProfiles</a> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Encyclopedia</a> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JAMS</a> <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>About</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="/about">Overview</a> <a href="/about/contact">Contact</a> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Careers</a> <a href="/about/announcements">News</a> <a href="/about/press">Press</a> <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Blog</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-container__buttons"> <a class="button UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="captchaModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal aria-label="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"></div> <div id="actionDisabledModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal aria-labelledby="actionDisableModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog" style="width: 300px;"> <h2 id="actionDisableModalTitle">Notice</h2> <form action="/email/captcha" method="post" id="emailCaptchaForm"> <div class="row"> <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-text" class="small-12 columns"> </div> <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-submit" class="small-12 columns" style="margin-top: 10px; display: none;"> You can make submissions to other journals <a href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload">here</a>. </div> </div> </form> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="rssNotificationModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="rssNotificationModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="rssNotificationModalTitle">Notice</h2> <p> You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-rss-notification-confirm">Continue</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-openaccess" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess</a>. </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-feature" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. </p> <p> Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers. </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-choice" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Editor鈥檚 Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. <div style="margin-top: -10px;"> <div id="drop-article-label-choice-journal-link" style="display: none; margin-top: -10px; padding-top: 10px;"> </div> </div> </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-resubmission" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Original Submission Date Received: <span id="drop-article-label-resubmission-date"></span>. </p> </div> <div id="container"> <noscript> <div id="no-javascript"> You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. </div> </noscript> <div class="fixed"> <nav class="tab-bar show-for-medium-down"> <div class="row full-width collapse"> <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns"> <a href="/"> <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1732615622" style="width: 64px;" title="MDPI Open Access Journals"> </a> </div> <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns right-aligned"> <div class="show-for-medium-down"> <a href="#" style="display: none;"> <i class="material-icons" onclick="$('#menuModal').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">clear</i> </a> <a class="js-toggle-desktop-layout-link" title="Toggle desktop layout" style="display: none;" href="/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie"> <i class="material-icons">zoom_out_map</i> </a> <a href="#" class="js-open-small-search open-small-search"> <i class="material-icons show-for-small only">search</i> </a> <a title="MDPI main page" class="js-open-menu" data-reveal-id="menuModal" href="#"> <i class="material-icons">menu</i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <section class="main-section"> <header> <div class="full-size-menu show-for-large-up"> <div class="row full-width"> <div class="large-1 columns"> <a href="/"> <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1732615622" title="MDPI Open Access Journals"> </a> </div> <div class="large-8 columns text-right UI_NavMenu"> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/journals" data-dropdown="journals-dropdown" aria-controls="journals-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Journals</a> <ul id="journals-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/journals"> Active Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/journalfinder"> Find a Journal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/journals/proposal"> Journal Proposal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/topics">Topics</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/authors" data-dropdown="information-dropdown" aria-controls="information-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover:true; hover_timeout:200">Information</a> <ul id="information-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-5 columns right-border"> <ul> <li> <a href="/authors">For Authors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editors">For Editors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a> </li> <li> <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/societies">For Societies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="small-7 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a> </li> <li> <a href="/awards">Awards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/authors/english">Editing Services</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/initiatives" data-dropdown="initiatives-dropdown" aria-controls="initiatives-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Initiatives</a> <ul id="initiatives-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Sciforum </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> MDPI Books </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Preprints.org </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Scilit </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SciProfiles </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Encyclopedia </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> JAMS </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about" data-dropdown="about-dropdown" aria-controls="about-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">About</a> <ul id="about-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about"> Overview </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/announcements"> News </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press"> Press </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Blog </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="large-3 columns text-right full-size-menu__buttons"> <div> <a class="button button--default-inversed UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a> <a class="button button--default UC_NavSubmitButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload">Submit</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hero-container"> <div class="hero hero-author-services hero__new hero__black" style=""> <div class="hero__header"> Fast. Accurate. Simple. </div> <div class="hero__description"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-container hide-for-small-down row search-container__homepage-scheme"> <form id="basic_search" style="background-color: inherit !important;" class="large-12 medium-12 columns " action="/search" method="get"> <div class="row search-container__main-elements"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns text-right1 small-only-text-left"> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> </div> <span class="search-container__title">Search<span class="hide-for-medium"> for Articles</span><span class="hide-for-small">:</span></span> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Title / Keyword</div> </div> <input type="text" placeholder="Title / Keyword" id="q" tabindex="1" name="q" value="" /> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Author / Affiliation / Email</div> </div> <input type="text" id="authors" placeholder="Author / Affiliation / Email" tabindex="2" name="authors" value="" /> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Journal</div> </div> <select id="journal" tabindex="3" name="journal" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Journals</option> <option value="acoustics" > Acoustics </option> <option value="amh" > Acta Microbiologica Hellenica (AMH) </option> <option value="actuators" > Actuators </option> <option value="admsci" > Administrative Sciences </option> <option value="adolescents" > Adolescents </option> <option value="arm" > Advances in Respiratory Medicine (ARM) </option> <option value="aerobiology" > Aerobiology </option> <option value="aerospace" > Aerospace </option> <option value="agriculture" > Agriculture </option> <option value="agriengineering" > AgriEngineering </option> <option value="agrochemicals" > Agrochemicals </option> <option value="agronomy" > Agronomy </option> <option value="ai" > AI </option> <option value="air" > Air </option> <option value="algorithms" > Algorithms </option> <option value="allergies" > Allergies </option> <option value="alloys" > Alloys </option> <option value="analytica" > Analytica </option> <option value="analytics" > Analytics </option> <option value="anatomia" > Anatomia </option> <option value="anesthres" > Anesthesia Research </option> <option value="animals" > Animals </option> <option value="antibiotics" > Antibiotics </option> <option value="antibodies" > Antibodies </option> <option value="antioxidants" > Antioxidants </option> <option value="applbiosci" > Applied Biosciences </option> <option value="applmech" > Applied Mechanics </option> <option value="applmicrobiol" > Applied Microbiology </option> <option value="applnano" > Applied Nano </option> <option value="applsci" > Applied Sciences </option> <option value="asi" > Applied System Innovation (ASI) </option> <option value="appliedchem" > AppliedChem </option> <option value="appliedmath" > AppliedMath </option> <option value="aquacj" > Aquaculture Journal </option> <option value="architecture" > Architecture </option> <option value="arthropoda" > Arthropoda </option> <option value="arts" > Arts </option> <option value="astronomy" > Astronomy </option> <option value="atmosphere" > Atmosphere </option> <option value="atoms" > Atoms </option> <option value="audiolres" > Audiology Research </option> <option value="automation" > Automation </option> <option value="axioms" > Axioms </option> <option value="bacteria" > Bacteria </option> <option value="batteries" > Batteries </option> <option value="behavsci" > Behavioral Sciences </option> <option value="beverages" > Beverages </option> <option value="BDCC" > Big Data and Cognitive Computing (BDCC) </option> <option value="biochem" > BioChem </option> <option value="bioengineering" > Bioengineering </option> <option value="biologics" > Biologics </option> <option value="biology" > Biology </option> <option value="blsf" > Biology and Life Sciences Forum </option> <option value="biomass" > Biomass </option> <option value="biomechanics" > Biomechanics </option> <option value="biomed" > BioMed </option> <option value="biomedicines" > Biomedicines </option> <option value="biomedinformatics" > BioMedInformatics </option> <option value="biomimetics" > Biomimetics </option> <option value="biomolecules" > Biomolecules </option> <option value="biophysica" > Biophysica </option> <option value="biosensors" > Biosensors </option> <option value="biotech" > BioTech </option> <option value="birds" > Birds </option> <option value="blockchains" > Blockchains </option> <option value="brainsci" > Brain Sciences </option> <option value="buildings" > Buildings </option> <option value="businesses" > Businesses </option> <option value="carbon" > C </option> <option value="cancers" > Cancers </option> <option value="cardiogenetics" > Cardiogenetics </option> <option value="catalysts" > Catalysts </option> <option value="cells" > Cells </option> <option value="ceramics" > Ceramics </option> <option value="challenges" > Challenges </option> <option value="ChemEngineering" > ChemEngineering </option> <option value="chemistry" > Chemistry </option> <option value="chemproc" > Chemistry Proceedings </option> <option value="chemosensors" > Chemosensors </option> <option value="children" > Children </option> <option value="chips" > Chips </option> <option value="civileng" > CivilEng </option> <option value="cleantechnol" > Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.) </option> <option value="climate" > Climate </option> <option value="ctn" > Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option> <option value="clinbioenerg" > Clinical Bioenergetics </option> <option value="clinpract" > Clinics and Practice </option> <option value="clockssleep" > Clocks & Sleep </option> <option value="coasts" > Coasts </option> <option value="coatings" > Coatings </option> <option value="colloids" > Colloids and Interfaces </option> <option value="colorants" > Colorants </option> <option value="commodities" > Commodities </option> <option value="complications" > Complications </option> <option value="compounds" > Compounds </option> <option value="computation" > Computation </option> <option value="csmf" > Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum </option> <option value="computers" > Computers </option> <option value="condensedmatter" > Condensed Matter </option> <option value="conservation" > Conservation </option> <option value="constrmater" > Construction Materials </option> <option value="cmd" > Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option> <option value="cosmetics" > Cosmetics </option> <option value="covid" > COVID </option> <option value="crops" > Crops </option> <option value="cryo" > Cryo </option> <option value="cryptography" > Cryptography </option> <option value="crystals" > Crystals </option> <option value="cimb" > Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option> <option value="curroncol" > Current Oncology </option> <option value="dairy" > Dairy </option> <option value="data" > Data </option> <option value="dentistry" > Dentistry Journal </option> <option value="dermato" > Dermato </option> <option value="dermatopathology" > Dermatopathology </option> <option value="designs" > Designs </option> <option value="diabetology" > Diabetology </option> <option value="diagnostics" > Diagnostics </option> <option value="dietetics" > Dietetics </option> <option value="digital" > Digital </option> <option value="disabilities" > Disabilities </option> <option value="diseases" > Diseases </option> <option value="diversity" > Diversity </option> <option value="dna" > DNA </option> <option value="drones" > Drones </option> <option value="ddc" > Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC) </option> <option value="dynamics" > Dynamics </option> <option value="earth" > Earth </option> <option value="ecologies" > Ecologies </option> <option value="econometrics" > Econometrics </option> <option value="economies" > Economies </option> <option value="education" > Education Sciences </option> <option value="electricity" > Electricity </option> <option value="electrochem" > Electrochem </option> <option value="electronicmat" > Electronic Materials </option> <option value="electronics" > Electronics </option> <option value="ecm" > Emergency Care and Medicine </option> <option value="encyclopedia" > Encyclopedia </option> <option value="endocrines" > Endocrines </option> <option value="energies" > Energies </option> <option value="esa" > Energy Storage and Applications (ESA) </option> <option value="eng" > Eng </option> <option value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="environsciproc" > Environmental Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil Studies </option> <option value="foundations" > Foundations </option> <option value="fractalfract" > Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option> <option value="fuels" > Fuels </option> <option value="future" > Future </option> <option value="futureinternet" > Future Internet </option> <option value="futurepharmacol" > Future Pharmacology </option> <option value="futuretransp" > Future Transportation </option> <option value="galaxies" > Galaxies </option> <option value="games" > Games </option> <option value="gases" > Gases </option> <option value="gastroent" > Gastroenterology Insights </option> <option value="gastrointestdisord" > Gastrointestinal Disorders </option> <option value="gastronomy" > Gastronomy </option> <option value="gels" > Gels </option> <option value="genealogy" > Genealogy </option> <option value="genes" > Genes </option> <option value="geographies" > Geographies </option> <option value="geohazards" > GeoHazards </option> <option value="geomatics" > Geomatics </option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option> <option value="jcp" > Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option> <option value="jdad" > Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD) </option> <option value="jdb" > Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option> <option value="jeta" > Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA) </option> <option value="jfb" > Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option> <option value="jfmk" > Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option> <option value="jof" > Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option> <option value="jimaging" > Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option> <option value="jintelligence" > Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life </option> <option value="limnolrev" > Limnological Review </option> <option value="lipidology" > Lipidology </option> <option value="liquids" > Liquids </option> <option value="literature" > Literature </option> <option value="livers" > Livers </option> <option value="logics" > Logics </option> <option value="logistics" > Logistics </option> <option value="lubricants" > Lubricants </option> <option value="lymphatics" > Lymphatics </option> <option value="make" > Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE) </option> <option value="machines" > Machines </option> <option value="macromol" > Macromol </option> <option value="magnetism" > Magnetism </option> <option value="magnetochemistry" > Magnetochemistry </option> <option value="marinedrugs" > Marine Drugs </option> <option value="materials" > Materials </option> <option value="materproc" > Materials Proceedings </option> <option value="mca" > Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA) </option> <option value="mathematics" > Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > Nutrients </option> <option value="obesities" > Obesities </option> <option value="oceans" > Oceans </option> <option value="onco" > Onco </option> <option value="optics" > Optics </option> <option value="oral" > Oral </option> <option value="organics" > Organics </option> <option value="organoids" > Organoids </option> <option value="osteology" > Osteology </option> <option value="oxygen" > Oxygen </option> <option value="parasitologia" > Parasitologia </option> <option value="particles" > Particles </option> <option value="pathogens" > Pathogens </option> <option value="pathophysiology" > Pathophysiology </option> <option value="pediatrrep" > Pediatric Reports </option> <option value="pets" > Pets </option> <option value="pharmaceuticals" > Pharmaceuticals </option> <option value="pharmaceutics" > Pharmaceutics </option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology" > Pharmacoepidemiology </option> <option value="pharmacy" > Pharmacy </option> <option value="philosophies" > Philosophies </option> <option value="photochem" > Photochem </option> <option value="photonics" > Photonics </option> <option value="phycology" > Phycology </option> <option value="physchem" > Physchem </option> <option value="psf" > Physical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="physics" > Physics </option> <option value="physiologia" > Physiologia </option> <option value="plants" > Plants </option> <option value="plasma" > Plasma </option> <option value="platforms" > Platforms </option> <option value="pollutants" > Pollutants </option> <option value="polymers" > Polymers </option> <option value="polysaccharides" > Polysaccharides </option> <option value="populations" > Populations </option> <option value="poultry" > Poultry </option> <option value="powders" > Powders </option> <option value="proceedings" > Proceedings </option> <option value="processes" > Processes </option> <option value="prosthesis" > Prosthesis </option> <option value="proteomes" > Proteomes </option> <option value="psychiatryint" > Psychiatry International </option> <option value="psychoactives" > Psychoactives </option> <option value="psycholint" > Psychology International </option> <option value="publications" > Publications </option> <option value="qubs" > Quantum Beam Science (QuBS) </option> <option value="quantumrep" > Quantum Reports </option> <option value="quaternary" > Quaternary </option> <option value="radiation" > Radiation </option> <option value="reactions" > Reactions </option> <option value="realestate" > Real Estate </option> <option value="receptors" > Receptors </option> <option value="recycling" > Recycling </option> <option value="rsee" > Regional Science and Environmental Economics (RSEE) </option> <option value="religions" > Religions </option> <option value="remotesensing" > Remote Sensing </option> <option value="reports" > Reports </option> <option value="reprodmed" > Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. Med.) </option> <option value="resources" > Resources </option> <option value="rheumato" > Rheumato </option> <option value="risks" > Risks </option> <option value="robotics" > Robotics </option> <option value="ruminants" > Ruminants </option> <option value="safety" > Safety </option> <option value="sci" > Sci </option> <option value="scipharm" > Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.) </option> <option value="sclerosis" > Sclerosis </option> <option value="seeds" > Seeds </option> <option value="sensors" > Sensors </option> <option value="separations" > Separations </option> <option value="sexes" > Sexes </option> <option value="signals" > Signals </option> <option value="sinusitis" > Sinusitis </option> <option value="smartcities" > Smart Cities </option> <option value="socsci" > Social Sciences </option> <option value="siuj" > Soci茅t茅 Internationale d鈥橴rologie Journal (SIUJ) </option> <option value="societies" > Societies </option> <option value="software" > Software </option> <option value="soilsystems" > Soil Systems </option> <option value="solar" > Solar </option> <option value="solids" > Solids </option> <option value="spectroscj" > Spectroscopy Journal </option> <option value="sports" > Sports </option> <option value="standards" > Standards </option> <option value="stats" > Stats </option> <option value="stresses" > Stresses </option> <option value="surfaces" > Surfaces </option> <option value="surgeries" > Surgeries </option> <option value="std" > Surgical Techniques Development </option> <option value="sustainability" > Sustainability </option> <option value="suschem" > Sustainable Chemistry </option> <option value="symmetry" > Symmetry </option> <option value="synbio" > SynBio </option> <option value="systems" > Systems </option> <option value="targets" > Targets </option> <option value="taxonomy" > Taxonomy </option> <option value="technologies" > Technologies </option> <option value="telecom" > Telecom </option> <option value="textiles" > Textiles </option> <option value="thalassrep" > Thalassemia Reports </option> <option value="therapeutics" > Therapeutics </option> <option value="thermo" > Thermo </option> <option value="timespace" > Time and Space </option> <option value="tomography" > Tomography </option> <option value="tourismhosp" > Tourism and Hospitality </option> <option value="toxics" > Toxics </option> <option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option value="women" > Women </option> <option value="world" > World </option> <option value="wevj" > World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ) </option> <option value="youth" > Youth </option> <option value="zoonoticdis" > Zoonotic Diseases </option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Article Type</div> </div> <select id="article_type" tabindex="4" name="article_type" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Article Types</option> <option value="research-article">Article</option> <option value="review-article">Review</option> <option value="rapid-communication">Communication</option> <option value="editorial">Editorial</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="book-review">Book Review</option> <option value="brief-communication">Brief Communication</option> <option value="brief-report">Brief Report</option> <option value="case-report">Case Report</option> <option value="clinicopathological-challenge">Clinicopathological Challenge</option> <option value="article-commentary">Comment</option> <option value="commentary">Commentary</option> <option value="concept-paper">Concept Paper</option> <option value="conference-report">Conference Report</option> <option value="correction">Correction</option> <option value="creative">Creative</option> <option value="data-descriptor">Data Descriptor</option> <option value="discussion">Discussion</option> <option value="Entry">Entry</option> <option value="essay">Essay</option> <option value="expression-of-concern">Expression of Concern</option> <option value="extended-abstract">Extended Abstract</option> <option value="field-guide">Field Guide</option> <option value="guidelines">Guidelines</option> <option value="hypothesis">Hypothesis</option> <option value="interesting-image">Interesting Images</option> <option value="letter">Letter</option> <option value="books-received">New Book Received</option> <option value="obituary">Obituary</option> <option value="opinion">Opinion</option> <option value="perspective">Perspective</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceeding Paper</option> <option value="project-report">Project Report</option> <option value="protocol">Protocol</option> <option value="registered-report">Registered Report</option> <option value="reply">Reply</option> <option value="retraction">Retraction</option> <option value="note">Short Note</option> <option value="study-protocol">Study Protocol</option> <option value="systematic_review">Systematic Review</option> <option value="technical-note">Technical Note</option> <option value="tutorial">Tutorial</option> <option value="viewpoint">Viewpoint</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns small-push-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-button-container"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <input type="submit" id="search" value="Search" class="button button--dark button--full-width searchButton1 US_SearchButton" tabindex="12"> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-link-container"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <a class="main-search-clear search-container__link" href="#" onclick="openAdvanced(''); return false;">Advanced<span class="show-for-small-only"> Search</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-container__advanced" style="margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0px; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 columns show-for-medium-up"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Section</div> </div> <select id="section" tabindex="5" name="section" class="chosen-select"> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Special Issue</div> </div> <select id="special_issue" tabindex="6" name="special_issue" class="chosen-select"> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Volume</div> <input type="text" id="volume" tabindex="7" name="volume" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Issue</div> <input type="text" id="issue" tabindex="8" name="issue" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Number</div> <input type="text" id="number" tabindex="9" name="number" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Page</div> <input type="text" id="page" tabindex="10" name="page" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns small-push-6 medium-reset order large-reset-order medium-reset-order js-search-expanded-button-container"></div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-expanded-link-container"></div> </div> </div> </form> <form id="advanced-search" class="large-12 medium-12 columns"> <div class="search-container__advanced"> <div id="advanced-search-template" class="row advanced-search-row"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns show-for-medium-up"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-3 columns connector-div"> <div class="search-input-label"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Logical Operator</span><span class="show-for-small">Operator</span></div> <select class="connector"> <option value="and">AND</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-3 small-6 columns search-text-div"> <div class="search-input-label">Search Text</div> <input type="text" class="search-text" placeholder="Search text"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 columns search-field-div"> <div class="search-input-label">Search Type</div> <select class="search-field"> <option value="all">All fields</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="keywords">Keywords</option> <option value="authors">Authors</option> <option value="affiliations">Affiliations</option> <option value="doi">Doi</option> <option value="full_text">Full Text</option> <option value="references">References</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-3 columns"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <div class="search-action-div"> <div class="search-plus"> <i class="material-icons">add_circle_outline</i> </div> </div> <div class="search-action-div"> <div class="search-minus"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 end columns"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <input class="advanced-search-button button button--dark search-submit" type="submit" value="Search"> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns show-for-medium-up"></div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="header-divider"> </div> </header> <div id="main-content" class=""> <div class="row full-width "> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 medium-3 small-12 columns"> <div class="content__container"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-authors-services-logo.svg?a41a4e8edb6340e5?1732615622" alt="logo" title="MDPI English editing services" style="margin: 0 auto; display: inherit; max-width: 125px;"> <a href="/about/contactform/authorservices" style="display: block; text-align: center; padding-top: 5px;":>Contact Us Here</a> </div> <div class="content__container"> <h2>Author Services</h2> <ul class="accordion2 accordion__dummy accordion__menu"> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <div id="#accordion_content_english_editing" class="content active"> <ul> <li> <a href="#Get_a_Quote_and_Submit" class="">Get a Quote and Submit</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Figure_Editing" class="">Figure Editing</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Layout_Editing" class="">Layout Editing</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Our_Guarantee" class="">Our Guarantee</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Writing_Prize_2024" class="">Writing Prize 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="#FAQs" class="">FAQs</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="content__container"> <h2>Testimonials</h2> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <p> "MDPI provides an excellent service compared to any other previously used services. It delivers fast and high-quality results but at an affordable price."<p> <p> - Ardha Apriyanto, University of Potsdam </p> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="#testimonials">More Testimonials...</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="middle-column" class="content__column large-9 medium-9 small-12 columns end middle-bordered"> <div class="middle-column__help"> <div class="middle-column__help__fixed show-for-medium-up"> <a href="#" class="UA_ShareButton" data-reveal-id="main-share-modal" title="Share"> <i class="material-icons">share</i> </a> <a href="#" data-reveal-id="main-help-modal" title="Help"> <i class="material-icons">announcement</i> </a> </div> <div id="main-help-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Need Help?</h2> </div> <div class="small-6 columns"> <h3>Support</h3> <p> Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/about/contactform" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Get Support </a> </div> <div class="small-6 columns"> <h3>Feedback</h3> <p> Please let us know what you think of our products and services. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/feedback/send" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Give Feedback </a> </div> <div class="small-6 columns end"> <h3>Information</h3> <p> Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/authors" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Get Information </a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="middle-column__main middle-column__main__snippets"> <div class="content__container"> <div id="errorModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="errorModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="errorModalTitle">Error</h2> <p id="errorModal-message"> </p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Close</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="english-editing-service"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><h1>English Language Editing Services</h1> <p> Professional, certified language editing by native English speakers. </p> <div class="row" data-equalizer> <div class="large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns" data-equalizer-watch> <div> <div> <h3>Standard</h3> <p> Dedicated support<br> Clear expression<br> Consistent terminology<br> Correct grammar<br> </p> </div> <p> Within 5 days of payment. </p> </div> </div> <div class="large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns" data-equalizer-watch> <div> <div> <h3>Rapid  <span>Most Popular</span></h3> <p> All features of Standard<br> Top-priority service<br> Average 10-hour return<br> Editing on the weekend<br> Free re-editing<br> </p> </div> <p> Within 1 day of payment. </p> </div> </div> <div class="large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns" data-equalizer-watch> <div> <div> <h3>Academic  <span>Recommended</span></h3> <p> All features of Rapid<br> Two rounds of editing<br> PhD specialist editors<br> Review of structure<br> Review of terminology<br> Academic review report<br> </p> </div> <p> Within 5 days of payment. </p> </div> </div> </div> <a name='Get_a_Quote_and_Submit'></a><h2><a name="quote"></a>Get a Quote and Submit</h2> <div id="quotation_wrapper"> <form action="#" method="GET" id="quotation_form"> <input type="hidden" id="susy_host" value="https://susy.mdpi.com/"> <input type="hidden" id="manuscript_id"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12"> <div class="js-element" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <div class="radio-list-header"> Selected Service(s) </div> <ul><li>Select at least one service</li></ul> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="service-grammar" value="english" checked> <label for="service-grammar">Language Editing</label> <div class="js-service-grammar-article-type" style="margin-left: 20px; display: none;"> <input type="radio" id="article-type2" name="article-type" value="2" checked="checked"> <label for="article-type2">Journal Submission</label> <br/> <input type="radio" id="article-type3" name="article-type" value="3"> <label for="article-type3">Thesis/Dissertation</label> <br/> <input type="radio" id="article-type1" name="article-type" value="1"> <label for="article-type1">Other</label> </div> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="service-figures" value="figures"> <label for="service-figures">Figure Editing</label> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="service-layout" value="layout"> <label for="service-layout">Layout Editing</label> </div> <div id="service-layout-note" style="display: none; color: #848484; font-weight: 700;"> Authors combine Layout Editing and Figure Editing. Select Figure Editing to improve your figures. </div> </div> <div class="js-element" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <div>Preferred Currency</div> <select id="currency"> <option value="CHF" data-rate="1">CHF</option> <option value="EUR" data-rate="1.071625">EUR</option> <option value="USD" data-rate="1.122738">USD</option> <option value="CAD" data-rate="1.564373">CAD</option> <option value="GBP" data-rate="0.891667">GBP</option> <option value="JPY" data-rate="172.964548">JPY</option> </select> <div style="color: #848484;"> For payment via Alipay+ or China UnionPay, select CHF. </div> </div> </div> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12"> <div id="js-grammar-levels" class="js-element" style="display: none; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <div> Language Editing </div> <select id="level"> <option value="1">Standard</option> <option value="2" selected>Rapid</option> <option value="3" id="level-specialist">Academic</option> </select> <div id="js-specialist-subjects" style="display: none; margin-top: 10px;"> <div>Subject selection for academic service</div> <select id="specialist-subject"> <option value="1">Biology & Life Sciences</option> <option value="2">Business & Economics</option> <option value="3">Chemistry & Materials Science</option> <option value="4">Computer Science & Mathematics</option> <option value="5">Engineering</option> <option value="6">Environmental & Earth Sciences</option> <option value="7">Medicine & Pharmacology</option> <option value="8">Physical Sciences</option> <option value="10">Public Health & Healthcare</option> <option value="9">Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities</option> </select> </div> </div> <div id="js-word-count" class="js-element" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <div>Number of Words</div> <ul><li>Enter the number of words</li></ul> <input type="number" id="word_num" min="1000" placeholder="E.g., 5000"> <div style="color: #848484;"> All content, excluding the author names, affiliations, and references section, is included in the word count. </div> </div> <div id="js-figures-count" class="js-element" style="display: none; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <div>Number of Figures</div> <ul><li>Enter the number of figures</li></ul> <input type="number" id="figures_num" min="1" max="20"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="columns medium-6 small-12"> <div id="refresh-duration"><span id="duration"></span></div> <div id="refresh-paragraph" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <strong>Price Breakdown</strong><br/> <div id="language-editing-price-div" style="display: none;"><span id="js-language-editing-level"></span> Language Editing: <span id="language-editing-price">xxxx</span> <span id="language-editing-discount-percentage" style="display: none;"></span></div> <div id="figures-price-div" style="display: none;">Figure Editing: <span id="figures-price">xxxx</span></div> <div id="layout-price-div" style="display: none;">Layout Editing: <span id="layout-price">xxxx</span></div> <strong>Total Price:</strong> <span id="price">xxxx</span><br/> <img id="refresh-price" class="button" src="/bundles/mdpimain/img/english_editing_icon_set/english_editing_icon_set_refresh_icon.svg" style="padding: 10px;background-color: #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0px;"> </div> <button id="quotation_btn" class="button button--color-inversed">Get a Quote</button> </div> <div class="columns medium-6 small-12 medium-text-right small-text-left"> <button class="button button--color-inversed" id="proceed_btn" data-href="#">Submit</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> <a name='Figure_Editing'></a><h2>Figure Editing</h2> <p> We produce publication-ready figures that clearly communicate your research to readers. Figure Editing enhances your charts and graphs by revising the colors, shading, size, resolution, borders, font, and file type. Completed in one business day from payment. Please let us know your requests when you <a href="#quote">submit</a>. </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%" style="text-align: center;" valign="bottom"><strong>Before</strong></td> <td width="50%" style="text-align: center;" valign="bottom"><strong>After</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%"> <p><img src="https://res.mdpi.com/data/figure-editing-before.png" alt=""></p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><img src="https://res.mdpi.com/data/figure-editing-after.png" alt=""></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a name='Layout_Editing'></a><h2>Layout Editing</h2> <p> Layout Editing prepares your submission for publication in an MDPI journal of your choice. We check that the structure follows the MDPI house style. We reformat references and look for missing information in the references section. And we improve the overall presentation by revising font, equations, tables, and line spacing of paragraphs. Completed in just one day from when you <a href="#quote">submit</a> and pay. </p> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns" style="color: #fff; font-weight: 700;"> <div style="background-color: #409F9F; min-height: auto;"> <div data-nosnippet> <h3 style="color: #fff;">Thesis and Dissertation Editing  <span>20% Discount</span></h3> <p style="font-weight: 700;"> Let Author Services elevate your research to the next level by ensuring that the language in your thesis or dissertation meets the highest academic standards. Choose the language editing service that suits you. </p> <p style="font-weight: 700;"> Discount applies to thesis and dissertation papers of 10,000 words or more. Standard and Rapid services only. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a name='Our_Guarantee'></a><h2>Our Guarantee</h2> <p> Our Rapid and Academic services include unlimited free re-editing for 1 year after service completion. Our Standard service includes a one-time review of minor additional changes. </p> <p> If your manuscript is rejected for publication due to English language errors after we have edited it, please contact us by email. If we are at fault, we will re-edit your paper free of charge, regardless of the service type. </p> <a name='Writing_Prize_2024'></a><h2>Writing Prize 2024</h2> <p>Send your 1000-word entry, written in English, to <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#48293d3c20273a3b2d3a3e212b2d3b08252c3821662b2725"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="21405455494e535244535748424452614c4551480f424e4c">[email protected]</span></a>, on the following topic:</p> <p>English as the language of science: The advantages and disadvantages of English’s dominance in academia.</p> <p>We will assess the entries based on criteria including relevance, novelty, and level of English.</p> <p>The deadline is 30 November 2024, and the winner will be announced in January 2025.</p> <p>The winner will receive a cash prize of CHF 500.</p> <a name='FAQs'></a><h2>FAQs</h2> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">What discounts are available to pay for English language editing?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>Reviewer vouchers and IOAP discounts can be used.</p> <p>Affiliated authors of the MDPI Institutional Open Access Program (IOAP) can benefit from a 15% discount on Author Services language editing. Your email domain, linked to the eligible institution, will be detected and the discount applied automatically during submission and payment.</p> <p>To check if your institution is eligible, please visit <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/ioap">https://www.mdpi.com/ioap</a>.</p> <p>Reviewer vouchers can be used towards the cost of Author Services language editing. The following criteria apply:</p> <ul> <li>CHF 50 reviewer vouchers can be used on Author Services language editing.</li> <li>CHF 100 reviewer vouchers can be used on Author Services language editing with minimum spend of CHF 300.</li> <li>One voucher may be used per submission.</li> </ul> <p>The 15% IOAP discount can be combined with reviewer vouchers.</p> <p>If you require assistance with applying a voucher to your submission, please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#aacbdfdec2c5d8d9cfd8dcc3c9cfd9eac7cedac384c9c5c7"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="dcbda9a8b4b3aeafb9aeaab5bfb9afbeb5b0b0b5b2bb9cb1b8acb5f2bfb3b1">[email protected]</span></a>.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">Which English language editing service should I choose?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>We offer three English language editing services to suit your needs.</p> <p>Choose <strong>Rapid</strong> for the fastest service. It includes all the features of <strong>Standard</strong> to prepare your paper for publication. In addition, your paper is given top priority.</p> <p>Choose <strong>Academic</strong> for the most comprehensive service. It includes all the features of <strong>Rapid</strong>. In addition, an Academic Editor with knowledge in your subject area reviews the terminology and overall structure, and provides an Academic Report.</p> <p>By choosing <strong>Rapid</strong> or Academic, you also benefit from free English re-editing for up to 1 year to support you in the development of your research. Our <strong>Standard</strong> service includes a one-time check of minor revisions made after editing.    </p> <p>Our MDPI Author Services Coordinators are experienced English Editors, who provide dedicated email support to all customers.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">What is included in the Standard service?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>The editing provided will ensure that the English language is of the standard required for publication in academic journals. We will edit the language in your manuscript, ensuring that it is grammatically correct, that the spelling and punctuation are accurate, and that any awkward and ambiguous sentences are removed or reworded. Your voice and choice of words will be kept where possible. Correct use of discipline-specific terms is not guaranteed, and we do not rewrite prose.</p> <p>The <strong>Standard</strong> service takes 5 days to complete.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">What is included in the Rapid service?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>Our <strong>Rapid</strong> service provides the same high-quality, professional editing as the <strong>Standard</strong> service, but your paper is our top priority to ensure that editing is completed within 1 day of receipt of payment. You are also entitled to free English re-editing for up to 1 year from service completion.</p> <p>The <strong>Rapid</strong> service takes 1 day to complete.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">What is included in the Academic service?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>The <strong>Academic</strong> service is our most comprehensive option. It includes all the features of the <strong>Rapid</strong> service, including free English re-editing for up to 1 year from service completion. In addition, you will receive subject-specific editing and an Academic Report assessing the overall structure and clarity of expression provided by an Academic Editor with knowledge of your subject area.</p> <p>The <strong>Academic</strong> service includes free English editing for your responses to reviewer comments. To use our response letter service, please contact us at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="553420213d3a27263027233c363026153831253c7b363a38">[email protected]</a>.</p> <p>Please note that the free English re-editing excludes further subject-specific editing checks; it ensures that the language is grammatically correct, that the spelling and punctuation are accurate, and that any awkward and ambiguous sentences are removed or reworded.</p> <p>The <strong>Academic</strong> service takes 5 days to complete.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">What is included in the Figure Editing service?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>We will enhance your charts, graphs, and illustrations. We will revise the colors, size, and resolution to help you clearly communicate your research and results to readers.</p> <p>The <strong>Figure</strong> Editing service takes 1 day to complete.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">What is included in the Layout Editing service?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>We will reformat your manuscript for submission to any MDPI journal, including checking that the structure follows the MDPI house style. We will also reformat references and look for missing information in the references section and main text. Please note that the <strong>Layout</strong> Editing service does not include the conversion of the Harvard referencing style (author, date) to the Vancouver referencing style, i.e., [1,2]. This service does not include any language editing but can be selected alongside the English language editing services if required.</p> <p>This <strong>Layout</strong> Editing service takes 1 day to complete.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">Which paper formats are accepted for English language editing?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>Both Microsoft Word and LaTeX papers are accepted for English language editing.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">Can you edit LaTeX files?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>We can edit LaTeX files that comply with the guidelines in "Under what circumstances will you not edit my paper?". If your manuscript does not compile, we will contact you to avoid delays.</p> <p>The following criteria must be met for LaTeX files submitted to MDPI Author Services:</p> <ul> <li>You should submit a ZIP folder containing all of the files necessary to compile the .tex file into a PDF, including any figures, .bib and .sty files (we are not able to edit a singular .tex file with no zip).</li> <li>The .tex document in your ZIP file needs to compile in a program such as TeXstudio (even if the .tex compiles on Overleaf, this does not mean that it will compile with other LaTeX editing software).</li> <li>Your paper must be able to compile using the pdfTeX extension.</li> <li>The entire paper needs to be contained within one singular .tex file within the ZIP folder. Papers that are split into several smaller .tex files cannot be edited.</li> <li>The .tex must be able to compile without errors.</li> </ul> <p>If you require assistance with your LaTeX file, please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="9bf7faeffee3dbf6ffebf2b5f8f4f6">[email protected]</a>, who will be able to offer you some support.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">How do I upload my manuscript?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <ol> <li>Complete any revisions and accept any tracked changes within your document. The uploaded file should be the final and most up-to-date version. The editing process will begin immediately after you make your submission and we receive payment, so we cannot guarantee acceptance of a later version if you upload the incorrect file.</li> <li>Check the word count of your paper (see the section below).</li> <li>Go to the "Get a Quote and Submit" section at the top of this page and enter the required information to receive a quote. A “Submit” button will appear, which you can click to enter your details and upload your file.</li> </ol> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">How do I check the word count of my paper?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>Only the words that will be edited are included in the word count. We do not edit author names and affiliations, or the References section. Please remove any sections of the manuscript that do not require English editing. Text in tables will be counted automatically, so if there are long tables in your paper that do not need to be edited, they should be removed before making a submission for English editing.</p> <p>For LaTeX papers, MDPI provides a word count tool as part of our submission system (this requires a login).</p> <p>If you require the <strong>Layout</strong> Editing service, please do not remove the affiliations, figures, tables, and references section from the submitted paper.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">What is the maximum paper length allowed?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>There is no maximum length; however, please let us know if your paper is longer than 15,000 words because the expected editing times may be longer.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">How much does editing cost?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>You can receive a quote by using the “Get a Quote” function near the top of this page. The cost of language editing depends on the number of words in your manuscript. <strong>Layout</strong> Editing is offered at a fixed price, independent of the length of your paper. The price of <strong>Figure</strong> Editing is calculated depending on the number of figures submitted for editing.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">Which payment methods are available?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>An invoice will be sent to you shortly after you submit your paper. Payment can be made in Swiss Francs (CHF), Euros (EUR), US Dollars (USD) or British Pounds Sterling (GBP) by credit card, bank transfer, or PayPal.</p> <p>Credit card is the most immediate and convenient method: we receive payment confirmation immediately and can start editing your paper as soon as we receive it. PayPal is also immediate, but a 5% transfer fee applies. If you pay by bank transfer, we will not start editing your paper until we have confirmed the payment, which can take several days.</p> <p>If there will be a long delay in payment (e.g., due to institutional bureaucracy), please get in touch with evidence that the payment is being processed, as we may be able to return the edited manuscript earlier.</p> <p>We recommend that you email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="066773726e6974756374706f656375646f6a6a6f6861466b62766f2865696b">[email protected]</a> with proof of payment as soon as payment is made so that we can track your payment more easily. We may be able to start editing sooner if you do so.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">Can I track my submission after submitting it for editing?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>You can log in to the submission system (SuSy) to check the progress of your submission. Please note that you will need to be logged in to SuSy with the same email address used to make your submission.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">How can I reformat the references in my paper?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>While we do not convert the Harvard referencing style (author, date) to the Vancouver referencing style, i.e., [1,2], as part of the <strong>Layout</strong> Editing service, we do have two style files available for Zotero and Mendeley that you can use to collect, organize, and cite your references. Please click here to download the style files.</p> </div> <h3 class="faq-toggleable-header">Who do I contact if I have questions or feedback?</h3> <div class="faq-toggleable-content"> <p>MDPI Author Services takes responsibility for the editing carried out on your paper. If you have any questions or feedback before or after the editing of your manuscript, please do not hesitate to contact our Author Services help desk via email.</p> </div><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e8e26546ac88225',t:'MTczMjY2ODg5Ni4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html> </div> <h2 id="testimonials">Testimonials</h2> <div class="generic-item testimonial-item no-border"> "MDPI's language editing service is excellent. Fast, professional service; reasonable charges; timely feedback. This was a great experience and I will continue to use the MDPI language editing service."<br/><br/> - Haiming Qin, Qufu Normal University </div> <div class="generic-item testimonial-item"> "MDPI provides an excellent service compared to any other previously used services. It delivers fast and high-quality results but at an affordable price."<br/><br/> - Ardha Apriyanto, University of Potsdam </div> <div class="generic-item testimonial-item"> "In my role as a professor, I consider that MDPI Author Services offer an excellent quality in the edition of Western academic writing while maintaining the required standards of clarity, precision and rigor. Additionally, delivery times are fast compared to other available services."<br/><br/> - Jesus Insuasti, University of Nari帽o </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="footer"> <div class="row full-width footer-links" data-equalizer="footer" data-equalizer-mq="small"> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer"> <h3> Further Information </h3> <a href="/apc"> Article Processing Charges </a> <a href="/about/payment"> Pay an Invoice </a> <a href="/openaccess"> Open Access Policy </a> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact MDPI </a> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Jobs at MDPI </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer"> <h3> Guidelines </h3> <a href="/authors"> For Authors </a> <a href="/reviewers"> For Reviewers </a> <a href="/editors"> For Editors </a> <a href="/librarians"> For Librarians </a> <a href="/publishing_services"> For Publishers </a> <a href="/societies"> For Societies </a> <a href="/conference_organizers"> For Conference Organizers </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns"> <h3> MDPI Initiatives </h3> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Sciforum </a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> MDPI Books </a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Preprints.org </a> <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Scilit </a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com?utm_source=mpdi.com&utm_medium=bottom_menu&utm_campaign=initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SciProfiles </a> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Encyclopedia </a> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> JAMS </a> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 right-border-large-without columns UA_FooterFollowMDPI"> <h3> Follow MDPI </h3> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mdpi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> LinkedIn </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MDPIOpenAccessPublishing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Facebook </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/MDPIOpenAccess" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Twitter </a> </div> <div id="footer-subscribe" class="large-4 large-pull-8 medium-12 small-12 left-border-large columns"> <div class="footer-subscribe__container"> <img class="show-for-large-up" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-white-small.png?71d18e5f805839ab?1732615622" alt="MDPI" title="MDPI Open Access Journals" style="height: 50px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <form id="newsletter" method="POST" action="/subscribe"> <p> Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals </p> <select multiple id="newsletter-journal" class="foundation-select" name="journals[]"> <option value="acoustics">Acoustics</option> <option value="amh">Acta Microbiologica Hellenica</option> <option value="actuators">Actuators</option> <option value="admsci">Administrative Sciences</option> <option value="adolescents">Adolescents</option> <option value="arm">Advances in Respiratory Medicine</option> <option value="aerobiology">Aerobiology</option> <option value="aerospace">Aerospace</option> <option value="agriculture">Agriculture</option> <option value="agriengineering">AgriEngineering</option> <option value="agrochemicals">Agrochemicals</option> <option value="agronomy">Agronomy</option> <option value="ai">AI</option> <option value="air">Air</option> <option value="algorithms">Algorithms</option> <option value="allergies">Allergies</option> <option value="alloys">Alloys</option> <option value="analytica">Analytica</option> <option value="analytics">Analytics</option> <option value="anatomia">Anatomia</option> <option value="anesthres">Anesthesia Research</option> <option value="animals">Animals</option> <option value="antibiotics">Antibiotics</option> <option value="antibodies">Antibodies</option> <option value="antioxidants">Antioxidants</option> <option value="applbiosci">Applied Biosciences</option> <option value="applmech">Applied Mechanics</option> <option value="applmicrobiol">Applied Microbiology</option> <option value="applnano">Applied Nano</option> <option value="applsci">Applied Sciences</option> <option value="asi">Applied System Innovation</option> <option value="appliedchem">AppliedChem</option> <option value="appliedmath">AppliedMath</option> <option value="aquacj">Aquaculture Journal</option> <option value="architecture">Architecture</option> <option value="arthropoda">Arthropoda</option> <option value="arts">Arts</option> <option value="astronomy">Astronomy</option> <option value="atmosphere">Atmosphere</option> <option value="atoms">Atoms</option> <option value="audiolres">Audiology Research</option> <option value="automation">Automation</option> <option value="axioms">Axioms</option> <option value="bacteria">Bacteria</option> <option value="batteries">Batteries</option> <option value="behavsci">Behavioral Sciences</option> <option value="beverages">Beverages</option> <option value="BDCC">Big Data and Cognitive Computing</option> <option value="biochem">BioChem</option> <option value="bioengineering">Bioengineering</option> <option value="biologics">Biologics</option> <option value="biology">Biology</option> <option value="blsf">Biology and Life Sciences Forum</option> <option value="biomass">Biomass</option> <option value="biomechanics">Biomechanics</option> <option value="biomed">BioMed</option> <option value="biomedicines">Biomedicines</option> <option value="biomedinformatics">BioMedInformatics</option> <option value="biomimetics">Biomimetics</option> <option value="biomolecules">Biomolecules</option> <option value="biophysica">Biophysica</option> <option value="biosensors">Biosensors</option> <option value="biotech">BioTech</option> <option value="birds">Birds</option> <option value="blockchains">Blockchains</option> <option value="brainsci">Brain Sciences</option> <option value="buildings">Buildings</option> <option value="businesses">Businesses</option> <option value="carbon">C</option> <option value="cancers">Cancers</option> <option value="cardiogenetics">Cardiogenetics</option> <option value="catalysts">Catalysts</option> <option value="cells">Cells</option> <option value="ceramics">Ceramics</option> <option value="challenges">Challenges</option> <option value="ChemEngineering">ChemEngineering</option> <option value="chemistry">Chemistry</option> <option value="chemproc">Chemistry Proceedings</option> <option value="chemosensors">Chemosensors</option> <option value="children">Children</option> <option value="chips">Chips</option> <option value="civileng">CivilEng</option> <option value="cleantechnol">Clean Technologies</option> <option value="climate">Climate</option> <option value="ctn">Clinical and Translational Neuroscience</option> <option value="clinbioenerg">Clinical Bioenergetics</option> <option value="clinpract">Clinics and Practice</option> <option value="clockssleep">Clocks & Sleep</option> <option value="coasts">Coasts</option> <option value="coatings">Coatings</option> <option value="colloids">Colloids and Interfaces</option> <option value="colorants">Colorants</option> <option value="commodities">Commodities</option> <option value="complications">Complications</option> <option value="compounds">Compounds</option> <option value="computation">Computation</option> <option value="csmf">Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum</option> <option value="computers">Computers</option> <option value="condensedmatter">Condensed Matter</option> <option value="conservation">Conservation</option> <option value="constrmater">Construction Materials</option> <option value="cmd">Corrosion and Materials Degradation</option> <option value="cosmetics">Cosmetics</option> <option value="covid">COVID</option> <option value="crops">Crops</option> <option value="cryo">Cryo</option> <option value="cryptography">Cryptography</option> <option value="crystals">Crystals</option> <option value="cimb">Current Issues in Molecular Biology</option> <option value="curroncol">Current Oncology</option> <option value="dairy">Dairy</option> <option value="data">Data</option> <option value="dentistry">Dentistry Journal</option> <option value="dermato">Dermato</option> <option value="dermatopathology">Dermatopathology</option> <option value="designs">Designs</option> <option value="diabetology">Diabetology</option> <option value="diagnostics">Diagnostics</option> <option value="dietetics">Dietetics</option> <option value="digital">Digital</option> <option value="disabilities">Disabilities</option> <option value="diseases">Diseases</option> <option value="diversity">Diversity</option> <option value="dna">DNA</option> <option value="drones">Drones</option> <option value="ddc">Drugs and Drug Candidates</option> <option value="dynamics">Dynamics</option> <option value="earth">Earth</option> <option value="ecologies">Ecologies</option> <option value="econometrics">Econometrics</option> <option value="economies">Economies</option> <option value="education">Education Sciences</option> <option value="electricity">Electricity</option> <option value="electrochem">Electrochem</option> <option value="electronicmat">Electronic Materials</option> <option value="electronics">Electronics</option> <option value="ecm">Emergency Care and Medicine</option> <option value="encyclopedia">Encyclopedia</option> <option value="endocrines">Endocrines</option> <option value="energies">Energies</option> <option value="esa">Energy Storage and Applications</option> <option value="eng">Eng</option> <option value="engproc">Engineering Proceedings</option> <option value="entropy">Entropy</option> <option value="environsciproc">Environmental Sciences Proceedings</option> <option value="environments">Environments</option> <option value="epidemiologia">Epidemiologia</option> <option value="epigenomes">Epigenomes</option> <option value="ebj">European Burn Journal</option> <option value="ejihpe">European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education</option> <option value="fermentation">Fermentation</option> <option value="fibers">Fibers</option> <option value="fintech">FinTech</option> <option value="fire">Fire</option> <option value="fishes">Fishes</option> <option value="fluids">Fluids</option> <option value="foods">Foods</option> <option value="forecasting">Forecasting</option> <option value="forensicsci">Forensic Sciences</option> <option value="forests">Forests</option> <option value="fossstud">Fossil Studies</option> <option value="foundations">Foundations</option> <option value="fractalfract">Fractal and Fractional</option> <option value="fuels">Fuels</option> <option value="future">Future</option> <option value="futureinternet">Future Internet</option> <option value="futurepharmacol">Future Pharmacology</option> <option value="futuretransp">Future Transportation</option> <option value="galaxies">Galaxies</option> <option value="games">Games</option> <option value="gases">Gases</option> <option value="gastroent">Gastroenterology Insights</option> <option value="gastrointestdisord">Gastrointestinal Disorders</option> <option value="gastronomy">Gastronomy</option> <option value="gels">Gels</option> <option value="genealogy">Genealogy</option> <option value="genes">Genes</option> <option value="geographies">Geographies</option> <option value="geohazards">GeoHazards</option> <option value="geomatics">Geomatics</option> <option value="geometry">Geometry</option> <option value="geosciences">Geosciences</option> <option value="geotechnics">Geotechnics</option> <option value="geriatrics">Geriatrics</option> <option value="glacies">Glacies</option> <option value="gucdd">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease</option> <option value="grasses">Grasses</option> <option value="hardware">Hardware</option> <option value="healthcare">Healthcare</option> <option value="hearts">Hearts</option> <option value="hemato">Hemato</option> <option value="hematolrep">Hematology Reports</option> <option value="heritage">Heritage</option> <option value="histories">Histories</option> <option value="horticulturae">Horticulturae</option> <option value="hospitals">Hospitals</option> <option value="humanities">Humanities</option> <option value="humans">Humans</option> <option value="hydrobiology">Hydrobiology</option> <option value="hydrogen">Hydrogen</option> <option value="hydrology">Hydrology</option> <option value="hygiene">Hygiene</option> <option value="immuno">Immuno</option> <option value="idr">Infectious Disease Reports</option> <option value="informatics">Informatics</option> <option value="information">Information</option> <option value="infrastructures">Infrastructures</option> <option value="inorganics">Inorganics</option> <option value="insects">Insects</option> <option value="instruments">Instruments</option> <option value="iic">Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction</option> <option value="ijerph">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</option> <option value="ijfs">International Journal of Financial Studies</option> <option value="ijms">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</option> <option value="IJNS">International Journal of Neonatal Screening</option> <option value="ijpb">International Journal of Plant Biology</option> <option value="ijt">International Journal of Topology</option> <option value="ijtm">International Journal of Translational Medicine</option> <option value="ijtpp">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power</option> <option value="ime">International Medical Education</option> <option value="inventions">Inventions</option> <option value="IoT">IoT</option> <option value="ijgi">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</option> <option value="J">J</option> <option value="jal">Journal of Ageing and Longevity</option> <option value="jcdd">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease</option> <option value="jcto">Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology</option> <option value="jcm">Journal of Clinical Medicine</option> <option value="jcs">Journal of Composites Science</option> <option value="jcp">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy</option> <option value="jdad">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</option> <option value="jdb">Journal of Developmental Biology</option> <option value="jeta">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses</option> <option value="jfb">Journal of Functional Biomaterials</option> <option value="jfmk">Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology</option> <option value="jof">Journal of Fungi</option> <option value="jimaging">Journal of Imaging</option> <option value="jintelligence">Journal of Intelligence</option> <option value="jlpea">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications</option> <option value="jmmp">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</option> <option value="jmse">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</option> <option value="jmahp">Journal of Market Access & Health Policy</option> <option value="jmp">Journal of Molecular Pathology</option> <option value="jnt">Journal of Nanotheranostics</option> <option value="jne">Journal of Nuclear Engineering</option> <option value="ohbm">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine</option> <option value="jop">Journal of Parks</option> <option value="jpm">Journal of Personalized Medicine</option> <option value="jpbi">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry</option> <option value="jor">Journal of Respiration</option> <option value="jrfm">Journal of Risk and Financial Management</option> <option value="jsan">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks</option> <option value="joma">Journal of the Oman Medical Association</option> <option value="jtaer">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research</option> <option value="jvd">Journal of Vascular Diseases</option> <option value="jox">Journal of Xenobiotics</option> <option value="jzbg">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens</option> <option value="journalmedia">Journalism and Media</option> <option value="kidneydial">Kidney and Dialysis</option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases">Kinases and Phosphatases</option> <option value="knowledge">Knowledge</option> <option value="labmed">LabMed</option> <option value="laboratories">Laboratories</option> <option value="land">Land</option> <option value="languages">Languages</option> <option value="laws">Laws</option> <option value="life">Life</option> <option value="limnolrev">Limnological Review</option> <option value="lipidology">Lipidology</option> <option value="liquids">Liquids</option> <option value="literature">Literature</option> <option value="livers">Livers</option> <option value="logics">Logics</option> <option value="logistics">Logistics</option> <option value="lubricants">Lubricants</option> <option value="lymphatics">Lymphatics</option> <option value="make">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction</option> <option value="machines">Machines</option> <option value="macromol">Macromol</option> <option value="magnetism">Magnetism</option> <option value="magnetochemistry">Magnetochemistry</option> <option value="marinedrugs">Marine Drugs</option> <option value="materials">Materials</option> <option value="materproc">Materials Proceedings</option> <option value="mca">Mathematical and Computational Applications</option> <option value="mathematics">Mathematics</option> <option value="medsci">Medical Sciences</option> <option value="msf">Medical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="medicina">Medicina</option> <option value="medicines">Medicines</option> <option value="membranes">Membranes</option> <option value="merits">Merits</option> <option value="metabolites">Metabolites</option> <option value="metals">Metals</option> <option value="meteorology">Meteorology</option> <option value="methane">Methane</option> <option value="mps">Methods and Protocols</option> <option value="metrics">Metrics</option> <option value="metrology">Metrology</option> <option value="micro">Micro</option> <option value="microbiolres">Microbiology Research</option> <option value="micromachines">Micromachines</option> <option value="microorganisms">Microorganisms</option> <option value="microplastics">Microplastics</option> <option value="minerals">Minerals</option> <option value="mining">Mining</option> <option value="modelling">Modelling</option> <option value="mmphys">Modern Mathematical Physics</option> <option value="molbank">Molbank</option> <option value="molecules">Molecules</option> <option value="mti">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</option> <option value="muscles">Muscles</option> <option value="nanoenergyadv">Nanoenergy Advances</option> <option value="nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</option> <option value="nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</option> <option value="ndt">NDT</option> <option value="network">Network</option> <option value="neuroglia">Neuroglia</option> <option value="neurolint">Neurology International</option> <option value="neurosci">NeuroSci</option> <option value="nitrogen">Nitrogen</option> <option value="ncrna">Non-Coding RNA</option> <option value="nursrep">Nursing Reports</option> <option value="nutraceuticals">Nutraceuticals</option> <option value="nutrients">Nutrients</option> <option value="obesities">Obesities</option> <option value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option value="onco">Onco</option> <option value="optics">Optics</option> <option value="oral">Oral</option> <option value="organics">Organics</option> <option value="organoids">Organoids</option> <option value="osteology">Osteology</option> <option value="oxygen">Oxygen</option> <option value="parasitologia">Parasitologia</option> <option value="particles">Particles</option> <option value="pathogens">Pathogens</option> <option value="pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</option> <option value="pediatrrep">Pediatric Reports</option> <option value="pets">Pets</option> <option value="pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">Pharmacoepidemiology</option> <option value="pharmacy">Pharmacy</option> <option value="philosophies">Philosophies</option> <option value="photochem">Photochem</option> <option value="photonics">Photonics</option> <option value="phycology">Phycology</option> <option value="physchem">Physchem</option> <option value="psf">Physical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="physics">Physics</option> <option value="physiologia">Physiologia</option> <option value="plants">Plants</option> <option value="plasma">Plasma</option> <option value="platforms">Platforms</option> <option value="pollutants">Pollutants</option> <option value="polymers">Polymers</option> <option value="polysaccharides">Polysaccharides</option> <option value="populations">Populations</option> <option value="poultry">Poultry</option> <option value="powders">Powders</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceedings</option> <option value="processes">Processes</option> <option value="prosthesis">Prosthesis</option> <option value="proteomes">Proteomes</option> <option value="psychiatryint">Psychiatry International</option> <option value="psychoactives">Psychoactives</option> <option value="psycholint">Psychology International</option> <option value="publications">Publications</option> <option value="qubs">Quantum Beam Science</option> <option value="quantumrep">Quantum Reports</option> <option value="quaternary">Quaternary</option> <option value="radiation">Radiation</option> <option value="reactions">Reactions</option> <option value="realestate">Real Estate</option> <option value="receptors">Receptors</option> <option value="recycling">Recycling</option> <option value="rsee">Regional Science and Environmental Economics</option> <option value="religions">Religions</option> <option value="remotesensing">Remote Sensing</option> <option value="reports">Reports</option> <option value="reprodmed">Reproductive Medicine</option> <option value="resources">Resources</option> <option value="rheumato">Rheumato</option> <option value="risks">Risks</option> <option value="robotics">Robotics</option> <option value="ruminants">Ruminants</option> <option value="safety">Safety</option> <option value="sci">Sci</option> <option value="scipharm">Scientia Pharmaceutica</option> <option value="sclerosis">Sclerosis</option> <option value="seeds">Seeds</option> <option value="sensors">Sensors</option> <option value="separations">Separations</option> <option value="sexes">Sexes</option> <option value="signals">Signals</option> <option value="sinusitis">Sinusitis</option> <option value="smartcities">Smart Cities</option> <option value="socsci">Social Sciences</option> <option value="siuj">Soci茅t茅 Internationale d鈥橴rologie Journal</option> <option value="societies">Societies</option> <option value="software">Software</option> <option value="soilsystems">Soil Systems</option> <option value="solar">Solar</option> <option value="solids">Solids</option> <option value="spectroscj">Spectroscopy Journal</option> <option value="sports">Sports</option> <option value="standards">Standards</option> <option value="stats">Stats</option> <option value="stresses">Stresses</option> <option value="surfaces">Surfaces</option> <option value="surgeries">Surgeries</option> <option value="std">Surgical Techniques Development</option> <option value="sustainability">Sustainability</option> <option value="suschem">Sustainable Chemistry</option> <option value="symmetry">Symmetry</option> <option value="synbio">SynBio</option> <option value="systems">Systems</option> <option value="targets">Targets</option> <option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option> <option value="technologies">Technologies</option> <option value="telecom">Telecom</option> <option value="textiles">Textiles</option> <option value="thalassrep">Thalassemia Reports</option> <option value="therapeutics">Therapeutics</option> <option value="thermo">Thermo</option> <option value="timespace">Time and Space</option> <option value="tomography">Tomography</option> <option value="tourismhosp">Tourism and Hospitality</option> <option value="toxics">Toxics</option> <option value="toxins">Toxins</option> <option value="transplantology">Transplantology</option> <option value="traumacare">Trauma Care</option> <option value="higheredu">Trends in Higher Education</option> <option value="tropicalmed">Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease</option> <option value="universe">Universe</option> <option value="urbansci">Urban Science</option> <option value="uro">Uro</option> <option value="vaccines">Vaccines</option> <option value="vehicles">Vehicles</option> <option value="venereology">Venereology</option> <option value="vetsci">Veterinary Sciences</option> <option value="vibration">Vibration</option> <option value="virtualworlds">Virtual Worlds</option> <option value="viruses">Viruses</option> <option value="vision">Vision</option> <option value="waste">Waste</option> <option value="water">Water</option> <option value="wild">Wild</option> <option value="wind">Wind</option> <option value="women">Women</option> <option value="world">World</option> <option value="wevj">World Electric Vehicle Journal</option> <option value="youth">Youth</option> <option value="zoonoticdis">Zoonotic Diseases</option> </select> <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email address..." required="required" /> <button class="genericCaptcha button button--dark UA_FooterNewsletterSubscribeButton" type="submit">Subscribe</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-copyright"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 text-left"> 漏 1996-2024 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated </div> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 small-text-left medium-text-right large-text-right"> <a data-dropdown="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-controls="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-expanded="false" data-options="align:top; is_hover:true; hover_timeout:2000;"> Disclaimer </a> <div id="drop-view-disclaimer" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide text-left" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Disclaimer/Publisher鈥檚 Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. </div> <a href="/about/terms-and-conditions"> Terms and Conditions </a> <a href="/about/privacy"> Privacy Policy </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cookie-notification" class="js-allow-cookies" style="display: none;"> <div class="columns large-10 medium-10 small-12"> We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.<br class="show-for-medium-up"/> Read more about our cookies <a href="/about/privacy">here</a>. </div> <div class="columns large-2 medium-2 small-12 small-only-text-left text-right"> <a class="button button--default" href="/accept_cookies">Accept</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Share Link</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="social-media-links UA_ShareModalLinks" style="text-align: left;"> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#79465f181409420a0c1b131c1a0d443f0b16145c4b49343d29305c4a385c4b495c4b4b5f080c160d425f181409421b161d0044110d0d090a4356560e0e0e57141d0910571a161456180c0d11160b0a561c171e15100a11460c0d14261a18140918101e1744382a2631101e1154080c1815100d005f181409420c0d1426141c1d100c14441b1817171c0b5f181409420c0d14260a160c0b1a1c44090b1c090b10170d0a0e1c1b5c4a385c49385c49387373" title="Email"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=&hashtags=&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fauthors%2Fenglish%3Futm_campaign%3DAS_High-quality%26utm_medium%3Dbanner%26utm_source%3Dpreprintsweb&via=MDPIOpenAccess" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-x-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href=" http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fauthors%2Fenglish%3Futm_campaign%3DAS_High-quality%26utm_medium%3Dbanner%26utm_source%3Dpreprintsweb&title=%26source%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.mdpi.com/authors/english?utm_campaign=AS_High-quality&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=preprintsweb" title="facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Wechat" data-reveal-id="weixin-share-modal"> <i class="fa fa-weixin-square" style="font-size: 26px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.mdpi.com/authors/english?utm_campaign=AS_High-quality&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=preprintsweb" title="Reddit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-reddit-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://www.mdpi.com/authors/english?utm_campaign=AS_High-quality&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=preprintsweb" title="Mendeley" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-mendeley-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.citeulike.org/posturl?url=https://www.mdpi.com/authors/english?utm_campaign=AS_High-quality&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=preprintsweb" title="CiteULike" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-citeulike-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="small-9 columns"> <input id="js-clipboard-text" type="text" readonly value="https://www.mdpi.com/authors/english?utm_campaign=AS_High-quality&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=preprintsweb" /> </div> <div class="small-3 columns text-left"> <a class="button button--color js-clipboard-copy" data-clipboard-target="#js-clipboard-text">Copy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="weixin-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="weixin-share-modal-title" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="weixin-share-modal-title" style="margin: 0;">Share</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="weixin-qr-code-section"> <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg width="492" height="492" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <desc>https://www.mdpi.com/authors/english?utm_campaign=AS_High-quality&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=preprintsweb</desc> <g id="elements" fill="black" stroke="none"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="348" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="360" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="372" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="384" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="396" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="456" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="408" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="420" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="432" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="444" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="372" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="396" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="456" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="360" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="432" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="444" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="480" y="468" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="348" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="384" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="408" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="420" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="468" y="480" width="12" height="12" /> </g> </svg> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <a href="#" class="back-to-top"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Back to Top</span><span class="show-for-small">Top</span></a> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/modernizr-2.8.3.min.js?5227e0738f7f421d?1732615622"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.js?4f252523d4af0b47?1732615622"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.min.js?6b2ec41c18b29054?1732615622"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.equalizer.min.js?0f6c549b75ec554c?1732615622"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.multiselect.js?0edd3998731d1091?1732615622"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.cycle2.min.js?63413052928f97ee?1732615622"></script> <script> // old browser fix - this way the console log rows won't throw (silent) errors in browsers not supporting console log if (!window.console) window.console = {}; if (!window.console.log) window.console.log = function () { }; var currentJournalNameSystem = "none"; $(document).ready(function() { $('select.foundation-select').multiselect({ search: true, minHeight: 130, maxHeight: 130, }); $(document).foundation({ orbit: { timer_speed: 4000, }, reveal: { animation: 'fadeAndPop', animation_speed: 100, } }); $(".chosen-select").each(function(element) { var maxSelected = (undefined !== $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') ? $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') : 100); $(this).on('chosen:ready', function(event, data) { var select = $(data.chosen.form_field); if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-volume') { $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Volume_Options'); } if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-issue') { $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Issue_Options'); } }).chosen({ display_disabled_options: false, disable_search_threshold: 7, max_selected_options: maxSelected, width: "100%" }); }); $(".toEncode").each(function(e) { var oldHref = $(this).attr("href"); var newHref = oldHref.replace('.botdefense.please.enable.javascript.','@'); $(this).attr("href", newHref); if (!$(this).hasClass("emailCaptcha")) { $(this).html(newHref.replace('mailto:', '')); } $(this).removeClass("visibility-hidden"); }); $(document).on('opened.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function() { $(document).foundation('equalizer', 'reflow'); }); // fix the images that have tag height / width defined // otherwise the default foundation styles overwrite the tag definitions $("img").each(function() { if ($(this).attr('width') != undefined || $(this).attr('height') != undefined) { $(this).addClass("img-fixed"); } }); $("#basic_search, #advanced_search").submit(function(e) { var searchArguments = false; $(this).find("input,select").not("#search,.search-button").each(function() { if (undefined === $(this).val() || "" === $(this).val()) { $(this).attr('name', null); } else { $(this).attr('name'); searchArguments = true; } }); if (!searchArguments) { window.location = $(this).attr('action'); return false; } }); $(".hide-show-desktop-option").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var parentDiv = $(this).closest("div"); $.ajax({ url: $(this).attr('href'), success: function(msg) { parentDiv.removeClass().hide(); } }); }); $(".generic-toggleable-header").click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass("active"); $(this).next(".generic-toggleable-content").toggleClass("active"); }); /* * handle whole row as a link if the row contains only one visible link */ $("table.new tr").hover(function() { if ($(this).find("td:visible a").length == 1) { $(this).addClass("single-link"); } }, function() { $(this).removeClass("single-link"); }); $("table.new:not(.table-of-tables)").on("click", "tr.single-link", function(e) { var target = $(e.target); if (!e.ctrlKey && !target.is("a")) { $(this).find("td:visible a")[0].click(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link", function(e) { if ($(this).closest("#basic_search").length > 0) { if ($(".search-container__advanced").first().is(":visible")) { openAdvanced() } } if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($(this).hasClass("active")) { $(this).removeClass("active"); $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").addClass("show-for-medium-up"); } else { $(this).addClass("active"); $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").removeClass("show-for-medium-up"); $(document).foundation('orbit', 'reflow'); } } if (undefined !== $(this).data("callback")) { var customCallback = $(this).data("callback"); func = window[customCallback]; func(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".js-open-small-search", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).toggleClass("active").closest(".tab-bar").toggleClass("active"); $(".search-container").toggleClass("hide-for-small-down"); }); $(document).on("click", ".js-open-menu", function(e) { $(".search-container").addClass("hide-for-small-down"); }); $(window).on('resize', function() { recalculate_main_browser_position(); recalculate_responsive_moving_containers(); }); updateSearchLabelVisibilities(); recalculate_main_browser_position(); recalculate_responsive_moving_containers(); if (window.document.documentMode == 11) { $("<link/>", { rel: "stylesheet", type: "text/css", href: "https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"}).appendTo("head"); } }); function recalculate_main_browser_position() { if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-large-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-small-main-top-container")); } } else { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-small-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-large-main-top-container")); } } } function recalculate_responsive_moving_containers() { $(".responsive-moving-container.large").each(function() { var previousParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.active[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); var movingContent = previousParent.html(); if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.small[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else if (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.medium[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.large[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } if (previousParent.attr("class") !== currentParent.attr("class")) { currentParent.html(movingContent); previousParent.html(); currentParent.addClass("active"); previousParent.removeClass("active"); } }); } // cookies allowed is checked from a) local storage and b) from server separately so that the footer bar doesn't // get included in the custom page caches function checkCookiesAllowed() { var cookiesEnabled = localStorage.getItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled"); if (null === cookiesEnabled) { $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_cookie_value/mdpi_cookies_accepted", success: function(data) { if (data.value) { localStorage.setItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled", true); checkDisplaySurvey(); } else { $(".js-allow-cookies").show(); } } }); } else { checkDisplaySurvey(); } } function checkDisplaySurvey() { } window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnAccept', function (e) { var CookieDate = new Date; if (Cookiebot.consent.preferences) { CookieDate.setFullYear(CookieDate.getFullYear() + 1); document.cookie = "mdpi_layout_type_v2=mobile; path=/; expires=" + CookieDate.toUTCString() + ";"; $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").css("display", "inline-block"); } }, false); window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnDecline', function (e) { if (!Cookiebot.consent.preferences) { $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").hide(); if ("" === "desktop") { window.location = "/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie"; } } }, false); var hash = $(location).attr('hash'); if ("#share" === hash) { if (1 === $("#main-share-modal").length) { $('#main-share-modal').foundation('reveal', 'open'); } } </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/lib.js?f8d3d71b3a772f9d?1732615622"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/mdpi.js?c267ce58392b15da?1732615622"></script> <script>var banners_url = 'https://serve.mdpi.com';</script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ifvisible.min.js?c621d19ecb761212?1732615622'></script> <script src="/bundles/mdpimain/assets/js/moment.min.js"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/base64_encode.js?0ee98840bdc855ec?1732615622"></script> <script> function updateInputVisibilities() { if ($("#service-grammar").is(":checked")) { $("#js-grammar-levels").show(); $(".js-service-grammar-article-type").show(); if ($("#level-specialist").is(":selected")) { $("#js-specialist-subjects").show(); } else { $("#js-specialist-subjects").hide(); } if ($("#article-type3").is(":checked")) { if ($("#level-specialist").is(":selected")) { $("#level").val(2); $("#js-specialist-subjects").hide(); } $("#level-specialist").hide(); } else { $("#level-specialist").show(); } } else { $("#js-grammar-levels").hide(); $("#js-specialist-subjects").hide(); $(".js-service-grammar-article-type").hide(); } if ($("#service-grammar").is(":checked") || $("#service-layout").is(":checked") || $("#service-plagiarism").is(":checked")) { $("#js-word-count").show(); } else { $("#js-word-count").hide(); } if ($("#service-figures").is(":checked")) { $("#js-figures-count").show(); } else { $("#js-figures-count").hide(); } if ($("#service-layout").is(":checked") && !$("#service-figures").is(":checked")) { $("#service-layout-note").show(); } else { $("#service-layout-note").hide(); } $(document).foundation('equalizer', 'reflow'); } $(document).ready(function() { $('#quotation_btn').click(function(){ }); $('#refresh-price').click(function(){ $('#quotation_btn').trigger('click'); }); $('input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"], select#level').change(function(e) { updateInputVisibilities(); }); $(".faq-toggleable-header").click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass("active"); $(this).next(".faq-toggleable-content").toggleClass("active"); }); updateInputVisibilities(); }); </script>   <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="marketing"> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below twq('init','o2pip'); twq('track','PageView'); </script>  </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

MDPI Author Services