CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>黑船來航 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"baf891e0-95e2-42f2-8a97-e12383c3a28c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"黑船來航","wgTitle":"黑船來航","wgCurRevisionId":84996282,"wgRevisionId":84996282,"wgArticleId":715542,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["自2019年8月需补充来源的条目","拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目","含有日語的條目","含有英語的條目","包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","幕末外交事件","19世纪美国外交事件","19世纪美国军事事件","19世纪日本军事事件","1853年美國","1853年日本","日本—美國軍事關係","美国海军事件","海軍外交"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"黑船來航","wgRelevantArticleId":715542,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7169780", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/1853Yokohama_01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="832"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/1853Yokohama_01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="555"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="444"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="黑船來航 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-黑船來航 rootpage-黑船來航 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經過" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經過"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>經過</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經過-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻與資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻與資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻與資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻與資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注解" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注解"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>注解</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注解-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">黑船來航</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。16种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="بعثة بيري – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بعثة بيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perry Expedition" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اردوکشی ناخدا پری – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اردوکشی ناخدا پری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_de_Perry" title="Expédition de Perry – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Expédition de Perry" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekspedisi_Perry" title="Ekspedisi Perry – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekspedisi Perry" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E8%88%B9%E6%9D%A5%E8%88%AA" title="黒船来航 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黒船来航" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%95" title="페리 원정 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페리 원정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Perry" title="Expedição Perry – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Expedição Perry" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekspedita_e_Perry" title="Ekspedita e Perry – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekspedita e Perry" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="การเดินทางของเพร์รี – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเดินทางของเพร์รี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Seferi" title="Perry Seferi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Perry Seferi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%81%D9%85" title="پیری مہم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیری مہم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_ekspeditsiyasi" title="Perry ekspeditsiyasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Perry ekspeditsiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E5%85%A5%E6%97%A5" title="黑船入日 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黑船入日" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hek-ch%C3%BBn_L%C3%A2i-h%C3%A2ng" title="Hek-chûn Lâi-hâng – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hek-chûn Lâi-hâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="黑船來航 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黑船來航" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7169780#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&oldid=84996282" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&id=84996282&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%25BB%2591%25E8%2588%25B9%25E4%25BE%2586%25E8%2588%25AA"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%25BB%2591%25E8%2588%25B9%25E4%25BE%2586%25E8%2588%25AA"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perry_Expedition" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7169780" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-490dbdaf" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年8月3日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA%22">"黑船來航"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-490dbdaf" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:马休; zh-hk:馬休; zh-tw:馬修"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:佩里; zh-hk:佩里; zh-tw:培理"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">黑船來航</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1853Yokohama_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1853Yokohama_01.jpg/240px-1853Yokohama_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1853Yokohama_01.jpg/360px-1853Yokohama_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1853Yokohama_01.jpg/480px-1853Yokohama_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="439" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="馬休·佩里">馬休·佩里</a>一行登陆</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">日期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E6%B0%B8" title="嘉永">嘉永</a>六年（1853年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">地点</th><td class="infobox-data 地点" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="江户幕府">江户幕府</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E7%81%A3" title="東京灣">江戶湾</a>浦賀</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">别名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;">佩里来航</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">参与者</th><td class="infobox-data 出席者" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="馬休·佩里">馬休·佩里</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">结果</th><td class="infobox-data 描述" style="text-align: left;;">日美雙方簽定《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="神奈川條約">神奈川條約</a>》</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">影响</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="江户幕府">江户幕府</a>鬆綁<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="锁国 (日本)">鎖國政策</a>及解除禁止诸藩建造大船的禁令</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>黑船来航</b>（日语：<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja">黒船来航</span></span><small>／</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">くろふねらいこう</span></span><sup> <span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Kurofune raikō</span> <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E8%88%B9%E6%9D%A5%E8%88%AA" class="extiw" title="ja:黒船来航"><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em; font-size:85%;">*</span></a><small><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: .1 .1em;">/</span></small><small><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:日語"><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></small></sup>，又稱<b>黑船事件</b>）是指<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E6%B0%B8" title="嘉永">嘉永</a>六年（1853年）<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="美國海軍">美國海軍</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E5%B0%87" title="准將">准将</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="馬休·佩里">馬休·佩里</a>率<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="艦隊">艦隊</a>駛入<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E7%81%A3" title="東京灣">江戶湾</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A6%E8%B3%80" title="浦賀">浦賀</a>海面的事件，佩里帶著時任<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="美國總統">美國總統</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="米勒德·菲爾莫爾">米勒德·菲爾莫爾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="國書">國書</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a>致意，最後雙方於次年（1854年）簽定<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="不平等條約">不平等條約</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="神奈川條約">神奈川條約</a>》（日本通稱為《日美和亲条约》）。此事件一般被視作日本歷史<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末">幕末</a>時代的開始。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:278px;max-width:278px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JamesBiddle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/JamesBiddle.jpg/120px-JamesBiddle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/JamesBiddle.jpg/180px-JamesBiddle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/JamesBiddle.jpg/240px-JamesBiddle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="569" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">詹姆斯·比德爾(1783-1848)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commodore_Matthew_Calbraith_Perry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Commodore_Matthew_Calbraith_Perry.jpg/150px-Commodore_Matthew_Calbraith_Perry.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Commodore_Matthew_Calbraith_Perry.jpg/225px-Commodore_Matthew_Calbraith_Perry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Commodore_Matthew_Calbraith_Perry.jpg/300px-Commodore_Matthew_Calbraith_Perry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="2484" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">马休·佩里</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/260px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/390px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/520px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1792" /></a><figcaption>黑船圖</figcaption></figure> <p>19世紀，美國為其亞洲進出與<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8" title="捕鯨">捕鯨事業</a>，需要確保在遠東的停靠港口。1837年，美國商人金‧查爾斯（Charles King ）的摩利森號（Morrison）在試圖駛進江戶時遭日本砲擊，是為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A4%BC%E9%80%8A%E5%8F%B7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="马礼逊号事件">摩利森號事件</a>；金‧查爾斯於事後發表《基督教世界對日本及馬來西亞的主張》（<span lang="en"><i>The Claims of Japan and Malaysia upon Christendom</i></span>, 1939），主張美國控制日本。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1842年，中國於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%B8%A6%E7%89%87%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次鸦片战争">鴉片戰爭</a>戰敗，促使幕府放棄驅除外國船。<sup id="cite_ref-saigai_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saigai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1844年7月2日，荷蘭軍艦巨港號抵達長崎，翌日將荷蘭國王<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0)" title="威廉二世 (尼德兰)">威廉二世</a>書信交由幕府將軍<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E6%85%B6" title="德川家慶">德川家慶</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，建議幕府開國，是為「<b>和蘭告密</b>」<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但幕府未同意。 </p><p>1845年，捕鯨船長<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mercator Cooper" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mercator Cooper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercator_Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercator Cooper（页面不存在）">庫柏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_Cooper" class="extiw" title="en:Mercator Cooper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mercator Cooper</span></a></span>）</span></span>救助漂流日本人，與<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E5%9C%8B%E5%A5%89%E8%A1%8C" title="遠國奉行">浦賀奉行</a>會面，但未達成任何商業協議。 </p><p>1846年，美國海軍准將<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆斯·贝特尔">詹姆斯·贝特尔</a>率領<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%B8%86%E6%88%B0%E8%89%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="風帆戰艦">風帆戰艦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E9%A3%8E%E5%B8%86%E6%88%98%E8%88%B9" title="小型风帆战船">小型風帆戰船</a>各一艘來到日本要求開國，但被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a>拒絕。1852年，長崎荷蘭商館館長庫修斯聽說美國艦隊即將派遣一支備戰的艦隊來到日本的消息，便把此事告知幕府並勸說簽訂日荷通商條約當作對策，但江戶幕府仍不為所動<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經過"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E9.81.8E"></span>經過</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：經過"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>佩里率領的四艘舰船——<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="密西西比号巡洋舰 (1841年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="USS Mississippi (1841)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E5%8F%B7%E5%B7%A1%E6%B4%8B%E8%88%B0_(1841%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密西西比号巡洋舰 (1841年)（页面不存在）">密西西比号巡洋艦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Mississippi_(1841)" class="extiw" title="en:USS Mississippi (1841)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">USS Mississippi (1841)</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E5%96%80%E9%82%A3%E5%8F%B7_(1850)" class="mw-redirect" title="萨斯喀那号 (1850)">薩斯喀那號巡洋艦</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉托加號縱帆砲艦 (1842年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="USS Saratoga (1842)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E5%8A%A0%E8%99%9F%E7%B8%B1%E5%B8%86%E7%A0%B2%E8%89%A6_(1842%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉托加號縱帆砲艦 (1842年)（页面不存在）">萨拉托加号砲艦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(1842)" class="extiw" title="en:USS Saratoga (1842)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">USS Saratoga (1842)</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普利茅斯號縱帆砲艦 (1844年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="USS Plymouth (1844)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E8%99%9F%E7%B8%B1%E5%B8%86%E7%A0%B2%E8%89%A6_(1844%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普利茅斯號縱帆砲艦 (1844年)（页面不存在）">普利茅斯号砲艦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Plymouth_(1844)" class="extiw" title="en:USS Plymouth (1844)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">USS Plymouth (1844)</span></a></span>）</span></span>——一共载炮六十三门，1852年11月24日由美國東岸<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B_(%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="諾福克 (維吉尼亞州)">諾福克</a>出發，橫渡大西洋，繞過非洲<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E6%9C%9B%E8%A7%92" title="好望角">好望角</a>北上進入印度洋，1853年5月4日到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="上海">上海</a>，5月26日到<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%9B%BD" title="琉球国">琉球国</a>，7月8日（嘉永6年6月3日）到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A6%E8%B3%80" title="浦賀">浦賀</a>。這些船隻由於船體被塗上有防止生鏽的黑色<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%B2%B9" title="柏油">柏油</a>，而被<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="日本人">日本人</a>稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9" title="黑船">黑船</a>」。佩里要求将<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="美国总统">美国总统</a>的國書递交日本官方。黑船的出現給日本带来莫大的骚动，當晚<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%9F%8E" title="江戶城">江戶城</a>一片混亂。 </p><p>當時日本民間流傳著一首<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狂歌" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="狂歌"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%82%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狂歌（页面不存在）">狂歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:狂歌"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">狂歌</span></a></span>）</span></span>，對此事件有描述： </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;"><span lang="ja">泰平の眠りを覚ます上喜撰、たった四杯で夜も眠れず<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></blockquote> <p>「<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81921555">.mw-parser-output ruby>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby>rtc{font-variant-east-asian:ruby;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger{font-size:300%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rtc{font-size:.3em}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rtc{font-size:.25em}</style><ruby><rb><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%96%9C%E6%92%B0" title="上喜撰">上喜撰</a></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>じょうきせん</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>」是一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6" title="茶">日本茶</a>，與「蒸汽船」諧音；整句的意思是說：「上喜撰（蒸汽船）唤醒太平梦，僅需四杯無夜能眠。」，正是諷刺幕府僅被四艘黑船弄得驚慌失措之荒謬局面。 </p><p>德川幕府不敢拒絕美國的要求，時值<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="幕府將軍">幕府將軍</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E6%85%B6" title="德川家慶">德川家慶</a>重病，幕府<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E4%B8%AD" title="老中">老中</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%98" title="阿部正弘">阿部正弘</a>以此為由稱需要更多時間做決定。由於佩里還有其他要事而没有轻易动武，但佩里預告他一年後還會再来，隨後率舰绕航<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶灣">江户湾</a>；7月17日（嘉永6年6月12日），艦隊離開<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶">江戶</a>，返回英國殖民地<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="香港島">香港島</a>。十天後，德川家慶病逝。 </p><p>1854年2月13日（嘉永7年1月16日），佩里率领九艘<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E8%88%B0" title="军舰">军舰</a>駛入江户灣；這一次<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="幕府">幕府</a>諸臣无计可施，被迫与美国缔结《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="神奈川條約">神奈川條約</a>》，打开国门。佩里艦隊於1854年6月25日（嘉永7年6月1日）離開<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%94%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="下田">下田</a>。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83131740">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em 1.6em;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em 1.6em;text-align:right;font-size:80%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid #eaecf0 1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>黑船照片</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurofune.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="萨斯奎哈纳号"><img alt="萨斯奎哈纳号" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kurofune.jpg/180px-Kurofune.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kurofune.jpg/270px-Kurofune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kurofune.jpg/360px-Kurofune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="988" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">萨斯奎哈纳号</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurofune_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="萨拉托加号"><img alt="萨拉托加号" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kurofune_2.jpg/180px-Kurofune_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kurofune_2.jpg/270px-Kurofune_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kurofune_2.jpg/360px-Kurofune_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="876" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">萨拉托加号</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>江户幕府解除禁止诸藩建造大船的禁令，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B2%9B%E4%B8%89%E9%83%8E%E5%8A%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中岛三郎助（页面不存在）">中岛三郎助</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%98%89%E6%B0%B8%E4%B8%8A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嘉永上书（页面不存在）">嘉永上书</a>》提到：“为了防卫江户湾……应当添置军舰三十艘，其中三分之二分配给负责守卫江户的诸藩，其余的三分之一则配属浦贺奉行所……。”两个月后，<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E4%B8%B8" title="凤凰丸">凤凰丸</a>竣工。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻與資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB.E8.88.87.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考文獻與資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考文獻與資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>《日本遠征記》土屋喬雄、玉城肇譯　<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB" title="岩波文庫">岩波文庫</a>（原著為<i>Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan.</i>　1856年　美利堅合衆国第33議會第2會期中特殊刊行物第97）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AC%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%9D" title="豬口孝">豬口孝</a> 《<span lang="ja">猪口孝が読み解く「ペリー提督日本遠征記</span>」》 NTT出版 1999年 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/475714010X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 475714010X</a></li> <li>小島敦夫《<span lang="ja">ペリー提督 -- 海洋人の肖像</span>》 <a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9B%E8%AB%87%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="講談社">講談社</a>（講談社現代新書） 2005年 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/4061498223" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 4061498223</a></li> <li>Cullen, L.M. (2003). <i>A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds.</i> Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">劍橋大學出版社</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/052182115X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-82115-X</a> (cloth) <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521529918" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-529918</a>-2 (paper)</li> <li>Hawks, Francis. (1856). <i>Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan Performed in the Years 1852, 1853 and 1854 under the Command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy,</i> Washington: A.O.P. Nicholson by order of Congress, 1856; originally published in <i>Senate Executive Documents</i>, No. 34 of 33rd Congress, 2nd Session. [reprinted by London: Trafalgar Square, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1845880269" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-8458-8026-9</a> (paper)]</li> <li>Sewall, John S. (1905). <i>The Logbook of the Captain's Clerk: Adventures in the China Seas,</i> Bangor, Maine: Chas H. Glass & Co. [reprint by Chicago: R.R. Donnelly & Sons, 1995] <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/054820912X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-5482-0912-X</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注解"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3"></span>注解</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：注解"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">蔡政修. 紐約到江戶：美國的捕鯨事業如何敲開日本的國門？. 現代日本的形成: 空間與時間穿越的旅程. 2018. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789578630574" title="Special:网络书源/9789578630574"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789578630574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&rft.atitle=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%88%B0%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%EF%BC%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%95%B2%E9%96%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%96%80%EF%BC%9F&rft.au=%E8%94%A1%E6%94%BF%E4%BF%AE&rft.btitle=%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%3A+%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E8%88%87%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%A9%BF%E8%B6%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%97%85%E7%A8%8B&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789578630574&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saigai-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-saigai_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/fukuwanobuo/20200824-00194508">19世紀後半、黒船、地震、台風、疫病などの災禍をくぐり抜け、明治維新に向かう(福和伸夫)</a>. Yahoo!ニュース. 2020-08-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103065632/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/fukuwanobuo/20200824-00194508">存档</a>于2023-01-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&rft.atitle=19%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E5%8D%8A%E3%80%81%E9%BB%92%E8%88%B9%E3%80%81%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E3%80%81%E5%8F%B0%E9%A2%A8%E3%80%81%E7%96%AB%E7%97%85%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9%E3%81%AE%E7%81%BD%E7%A6%8D%E3%82%92%E3%81%8F%E3%81%90%E3%82%8A%E6%8A%9C%E3%81%91%E3%80%81%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0%E3%81%AB%E5%90%91%E3%81%8B%E3%81%86%28%E7%A6%8F%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%B8%E5%A4%AB%29&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.co.jp%2Fbyline%2Ffukuwanobuo%2F20200824-00194508&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">小編; 森長定. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sengokujapan.blogspot.com/2021/06/blog-post.html">略談美國來日「開國」之路</a>. 2021-06-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-11-16</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&rft.au=%E5%B0%8F%E7%B7%A8&rft.au=%E6%A3%AE%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%9A&rft.btitle=%E7%95%A5%E8%AB%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BE%86%E6%97%A5%E3%80%8C%E9%96%8B%E5%9C%8B%E3%80%8D%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF&rft.date=2021-06-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsengokujapan.blogspot.com%2F2021%2F06%2Fblog-post.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1081911/53">和蘭国使節来朝外交勧告ノ事</a>. 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション-岩倉公實記. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-11-16</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&rft.atitle=%E5%92%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%BF%E7%AF%80%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%8B%A7%E5%91%8A%E3%83%8E%E4%BA%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3-%E5%B2%A9%E5%80%89%E5%85%AC%E5%AF%A6%E8%A8%98&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Finfo%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F1081911%2F53&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">阎京生. 菊花与锚－近代日本的变革与日本海军的兴起. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041209042019/http://go.6to23.com/jiawuhun/jiawu7-11-1.htm">战争史研究－第一集</a>. 战争史研究系列丛书. 吉林科学技术出版社. 2003-10-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-11-15</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787888332799" title="Special:网络书源/9787888332799"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787888332799</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://go.6to23.com/jiawuhun/jiawu7-11-1.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2004-12-09） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&rft.atitle=%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E4%B8%8E%E9%94%9A%EF%BC%8D%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%98%E9%9D%A9%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B4%E8%B5%B7&rft.au=%E9%98%8E%E4%BA%AC%E7%94%9F&rft.btitle=%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%EF%BC%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%9B%86&rft.date=2003-10-22&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9787888332799&rft.pub=%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.series=%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E4%B8%9B%E4%B9%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.6to23.com%2Fjiawuhun%2Fjiawu7-11-1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/ja:%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%97%E8%88%B9" class="extiw" title="q:ja:蒸気船">蒸気船 - Wikiquote</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%BE%8E%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="日美關係">日美關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="神奈川條約">神奈川條約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末">幕末</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9" title="黑船">黑船</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次鴉片戰爭">第一次鴉片戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次鴉片戰爭">第二次鴉片戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="明治維新">明治維新</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169780#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169780#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169780#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145611360">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007303402605171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2002022183">美国</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=黑船來航&oldid=84996282">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=黑船來航&oldid=84996282</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Category:幕末外交事件">幕末外交事件</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Category:19世纪美国外交事件">19世纪美国外交事件</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Category:19世纪美国军事事件">19世纪美国军事事件</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Category:19世纪日本军事事件">19世纪日本军事事件</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="Category:1853年美國">1853年美國</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:1853年日本">1853年日本</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E2%80%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Category:日本—美國軍事關係">日本—美國軍事關係</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Category:美国海军事件">美国海军事件</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="Category:海軍外交">海軍外交</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2019%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2019年8月需补充来源的条目">自2019年8月需补充来源的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E6%A0%8F%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目">拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有日語的條目">含有日語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABVIAF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目">包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月16日 (星期六) 17:59。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-dpcpn","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.509","walltime":"0.705","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3707,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":43476,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3041,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":23529,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 608.022 1 -total"," 21.83% 132.720 1 Template:Authority_control"," 17.46% 106.140 1 Template:Infobox_Historical_Event"," 14.78% 89.888 1 Template:Refimprove"," 13.93% 84.685 1 Template:Ambox"," 11.35% 68.987 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.83% 65.838 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.68% 58.844 7 Template:Category_handler"," 9.67% 58.791 6 Template:Lang"," 7.51% 45.690 2 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.269","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4335506,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7f9f645fb-nv7mz","timestamp":"20241127142556","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u9ed1\u8239\u4f86\u822a","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7169780","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7169780","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-02-29T07:22:16Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T17:59:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/09\/1853Yokohama_01.jpg","headline":"1853-1854\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5165\u4fb5\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6"}</script> </body> </html>