CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>2014 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"16450d8e-87c4-4b6f-93ea-64543b2e5742","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"2014_Panama–Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis","wgTitle":"2014 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis","wgCurRevisionId":1250197490,"wgRevisionId":1250197490,"wgArticleId":78059299,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 errors: missing title","CS1 errors: bare URL","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from October 2024","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Crisis in Venezuela","2014 Venezuelan protests","2014 in international relations", "Panama–Venezuela relations","2014 in Venezuela","2014 in Panama","Diplomatic crises of the 21st century"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"2014_Panama–Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis","wgRelevantArticleId":78059299,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15993860","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES =["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1412"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/800px-Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="941"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/640px-Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="753"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="2014 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-2014_Panama–Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis rootpage-2014_Panama–Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panama's_first_reactions_to_the_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panama's_first_reactions_to_the_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Panama's first reactions to the protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panama's_first_reactions_to_the_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cutting_of_diplomatic_ties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cutting_of_diplomatic_ties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cutting of diplomatic ties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cutting_of_diplomatic_ties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuelan_debt_in_the_Colon_Free_Zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuelan_debt_in_the_Colon_Free_Zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Venezuelan debt in the Colon Free Zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuelan_debt_in_the_Colon_Free_Zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panama_requests_OAS_to_address_protests_in_Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panama_requests_OAS_to_address_protests_in_Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Panama requests OAS to address protests in Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Panama_requests_OAS_to_address_protests_in_Venezuela-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Panama requests OAS to address protests in Venezuela subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Panama_requests_OAS_to_address_protests_in_Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_support_the_Venezuelan_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_support_the_Venezuelan_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Efforts to support the Venezuelan opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_support_the_Venezuelan_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accusations_of_interference_in_Panamanian_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accusations_of_interference_in_Panamanian_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Accusations of interference in Panamanian elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accusations_of_interference_in_Panamanian_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests_by_Venezuelans_living_in_Panama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests_by_Venezuelans_living_in_Panama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Protests by Venezuelans living in Panama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protests_by_Venezuelans_living_in_Panama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Normalisation_of_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Normalisation_of_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Normalisation of relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Normalisation_of_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>International reactions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International reactions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>International Organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>National governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_diplom%C3%A1tica_entre_Panam%C3%A1_y_Venezuela_de_2014" title="Crisis diplomática entre Panamá y Venezuela de 2014 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Crisis diplomática entre Panamá y Venezuela de 2014" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15993860#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&oldid=1250197490" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&id=1250197490&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F2014_Panama%25E2%2580%2593Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F2014_Panama%25E2%2580%2593Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15993860" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2014 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">Crisis in Venezuela</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><div style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:300px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/149px-Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/224px-Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/298px-Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1079" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro,_president_of_Venezuela_(2016)_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro%2C_president_of_Venezuela_%282016%29_cropped.jpg/149px-Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro%2C_president_of_Venezuela_%282016%29_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro%2C_president_of_Venezuela_%282016%29_cropped.jpg/224px-Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro%2C_president_of_Venezuela_%282016%29_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro%2C_president_of_Venezuela_%282016%29_cropped.jpg/298px-Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro%2C_president_of_Venezuela_%282016%29_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="1587" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Panamanian president <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Martinelli" title="Ricardo Martinelli">Ricardo Martinelli</a> (left) and Venezuelan president <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> (right)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">5 March 2014<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2014-03-05</span>)</span> – 1 July 2014<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2014-07-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Accusations by the Venezuelan government of interference by Panama in their internal affairs, arising from the <a href="/wiki/2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="2014 Venezuelan protests">2014 Venezuelan protests</a> by Venezuelan opposition members and students against the government of <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Status</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Relations restored following the election of opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Varela" title="Juan Carlos Varela">Juan Carlos Varela</a> as the new Panamanian president, and both countries agreed to restore diplomatic relations</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Lead figures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244901718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-columns-text-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div{box-sizing:border-box;width:50%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-3>div{width:33.33%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-4>div{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div:not(:first-child){border-left:1px dotted #aaa;padding-left:5px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist infobox-columns infobox-columns-2 infobox-columns-text-left"> <div> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Martinelli" title="Ricardo Martinelli">Ricardo Martinelli</a></b><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/President_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Panama">President of Panama</a>)</small> </p> </div> <div> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></b><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of Venezuela</a>)</small> </p> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>2014 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis</b> refers to the differences that arose between the <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panamanian</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Martinelli" title="Ricardo Martinelli">Ricardo Martinelli</a> which strained <a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Panama–Venezuela relations">Panama–Venezuela relations</a>, which began after a series of protests by Venezuelan students and opposition leaders that began in February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-PAT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PAIS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crisis started on 5 March, when, during the celebrations for the first anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">death</a> of former president <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, Maduro publicly announced the breaking of diplomatic and commercial relations with Panama and accused Martinelli of being a "creeping <a href="/wiki/Lackey_(manservant)" title="Lackey (manservant)">lackey</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rompe_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rompe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cutting off of diplomatic relations revealed a series of irregularities reported by the Panamanian government, including a multimillion-dollar debt from Venezuela to the <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B3n_Free_Trade_Zone" title="Colón Free Trade Zone">Colón Free Trade Zone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a><sup id="cite_ref-claves_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claves-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the alleged interference by President Maduro in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Panamanian_general_election" title="2014 Panamanian general election">2014 Panamanian general election</a>, by supporting the opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Revolutionary_Party" title="Democratic Revolutionary Party">Democratic Revolutionary Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Presidencia2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Presidencia2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Panama took action to give a voice to the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_opposition" title="Venezuelan opposition">Venezuelan opposition</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> (OAS)<sup id="cite_ref-prensaoea_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensaoea-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ntn24oea_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntn24oea-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and responded in harsh terms to the accusations of the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan government">Venezuelan government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the crisis took a turn with the <a href="/wiki/2014_Panamanian_general_election" title="2014 Panamanian general election">election</a> of opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Varela" title="Juan Carlos Varela">Juan Carlos Varela</a> as Panama's president-elect on 4 May, which prompted the Maduro government to commit to Panama in the normalization of relations.<sup id="cite_ref-prensa_1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa_1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the accusations between Martinelli and Maduro having ceased, and in turn Panama's support for Venezuelan opposition groups, the consulate in Panama was reopened a few days later,<sup id="cite_ref-prensa_2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa_2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prensa-latina_1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa-latina_1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and President-elect Varela committed to the reestablishment of diplomatic and commercial relations, once he assumed power on 1 July,<sup id="cite_ref-prensa-latina_22_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa-latina_22-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Venezuela" title="Vice President of Venezuela">vice president of Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Arreaza" title="Jorge Arreaza">Jorge Arreaza</a>, who visited the presidential inauguration and ended the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-telemetro.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telemetro.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prensa-latina_3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa-latina_3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="2014 Venezuelan protests">2014 Venezuelan protests</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Venezuelan_Protests_(12F).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/2014_Venezuelan_Protests_%2812F%29.jpg/262px-2014_Venezuelan_Protests_%2812F%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/2014_Venezuelan_Protests_%2812F%29.jpg/393px-2014_Venezuelan_Protests_%2812F%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/2014_Venezuelan_Protests_%2812F%29.jpg/524px-2014_Venezuelan_Protests_%2812F%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Venezuelan opposition march in the city of <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> (12 February 2014).</figcaption></figure> <p>The protests in Venezuela — also called by the opposition as <i>12F</i> and <i>La Salida—</i> <sup id="cite_ref-permiso_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-permiso-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a series of demonstrations against the <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Venezuela" title="Government of Venezuela">government of Venezuela</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of Venezuela</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>, which started on 12 February 2014, called by the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_opposition" title="Venezuelan opposition">Venezuelan opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado" title="María Corina Machado">María Corina Machado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Leopoldo López">Leopoldo López</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and organized in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Estudiantil_(Venezuela)" title="Movimiento Estudiantil (Venezuela)">student movements</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They take place in several cities of the country, and among the motivations alleged by the opposition protesters are discontent over the alleged violation of <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> (a "suspension of guarantees")<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the chronic shortage of basic products, high levels of criminal violence <sup id="cite_ref-ola_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ola-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the alleged interference of <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castroism" class="mw-redirect" title="Castroism">Castroism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Venezuela" title="Politics of Venezuela">politics of Venezuela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comunista_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comunista-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the main objectives of the protests within the student movement is the change of political and economic model and the resignation of President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Venezuela" title="Cabinet of Venezuela">cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comunista_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comunista-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alongside the opposition demonstrations, the government also called for marches in its favour in <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> and other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Executive affirms that no guarantees have been suspended and that civil liberties are fully exercised in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-ola_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ola-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Maduro government reportedly identifies protesters and opposition leaders who, according to them, promote violence and hatred as "fascists".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The demonstrations and riots left a total of 21 people dead (including government supporters, opponents, National Guard officials and others) and 261 injured, according to a report by the Attorney General's Office,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Venezuelan Penal Forum (a human rights organization linked to the opposition) reports 33 alleged cases of torture.<sup id="cite_ref-torturas_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torturas-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acts of vandalism against public property have been reported during the demonstrations, which the Venezuelan government attributes to opponents, as well as the existence of armed motorized gangs or "collectives", supposedly formed by <a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a> sympathizers, who attacked opposition protesters and who have reportedly caused several deaths and assaults.<sup id="cite_ref-motos_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motos-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 February, the Venezuelan government withdrew the operating permit and signal within Venezuela from the international channels<a href="/wiki/NTN24" title="NTN24">NTN24</a> and <a href="/wiki/CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="CNN en Español">CNN en Español</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-″NTN″_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-″NTN″-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-″NTNI″_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-″NTNI″-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-″NTNII″_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-″NTNII″-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> retracting its decision on 22 February with <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, issuing new credentials for the journalists of the North American network.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also accused of trying to block <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-″cantvI″_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-″cantvI″-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Panama's_first_reactions_to_the_protests"><span id="Panama.27s_first_reactions_to_the_protests"></span>Panama's first reactions to the protests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Panama's first reactions to the protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">The Presidents</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:297px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Accelerating_Infrastructure_Development_Ricardo_Martinelli_(8410953465).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Accelerating_Infrastructure_Development_Ricardo_Martinelli_%288410953465%29.jpg/188px-Accelerating_Infrastructure_Development_Ricardo_Martinelli_%288410953465%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Accelerating_Infrastructure_Development_Ricardo_Martinelli_%288410953465%29.jpg/282px-Accelerating_Infrastructure_Development_Ricardo_Martinelli_%288410953465%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Accelerating_Infrastructure_Development_Ricardo_Martinelli_%288410953465%29.jpg/376px-Accelerating_Infrastructure_Development_Ricardo_Martinelli_%288410953465%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3336" data-file-height="5272" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Martinelli" title="Ricardo Martinelli">Ricardo Martinelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Panama">president of Panama</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:225px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Maduro_in_Brasilia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nicolas_Maduro_in_Brasilia.jpg/188px-Nicolas_Maduro_in_Brasilia.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nicolas_Maduro_in_Brasilia.jpg/282px-Nicolas_Maduro_in_Brasilia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nicolas_Maduro_in_Brasilia.jpg/376px-Nicolas_Maduro_in_Brasilia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="1082" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Maduro" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Maduro">Nicolas Maduro</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">president of Venezuela</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In the first days of the diplomatic dispute, the Panamanian foreign minister, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_%C3%81lvarez_de_Soto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Álvarez de Soto (page does not exist)">Francisco Álvarez de Soto</a>, stated that his government was "concerned about the Venezuelan situation and understands that it is an internal process but that Panama hopes for peace, tolerance and dialogue."<sup id="cite_ref-PAT_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panama's opinion on the protests in Venezuela generated an effect where both the Venezuelan and Panamanian governments called their ambassadors for consultations, and then the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Venezuela" title="List of ministers of foreign affairs of Venezuela">Venezuelan Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Jaua" title="Elías Jaua">Elías Jaua</a> accused his Panamanian counterpart of "interference in internal affairs"; the matter escalated on 21 February when President Maduro himself accused President Martinelli of being part of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Latin American right</a>, of acting on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> and of dividing the region.<sup id="cite_ref-PAIS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Martinelli responded to Maduro that he does not act under pressure from anyone and that he is not an enemy of the Venezuelan government, but that he calls for peace.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 February, Martinelli requested a meeting of foreign ministers at the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> (OEA) to analyse the situation in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cutting_of_diplomatic_ties">Cutting of diplomatic ties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cutting of diplomatic ties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 5, President Maduro announced during the anniversary ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">death of Hugo Chávez</a> the breaking of diplomatic and commercial relations with Panama and accused President Martinelli of being a "lowly lackey."  In response to these statements by Maduro, Martinelli wrote on his Twitter account that "the decision of the Government of Venezuela is surprising.<sup id="cite_ref-rompe2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rompe2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Panama only yearns for this sister country to find peace and strengthen its democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Panamanian government issued an official statement calling the insults uttered by President Maduro "unacceptable" and saying that the foul language is inappropriate. The statement also indicates that the Venezuelan government's measures "should not constitute a smokescreen that seeks to deny its own reality."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same sense, the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Panama" title="Vice President of Panama">vice president of Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Varela" title="Juan Carlos Varela">Juan Carlos Varela</a>, pointed out that the measure of breaking relations is "absurd" and that Panama's duty is to call for dialogue and social peace.<sup id="cite_ref-prensa_3_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa_3-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview with <a href="/wiki/NTN24" title="NTN24">NTN24</a>, President Martinelli proposed that the only way to establish a national dialogue in Venezuela would be the release of leader Leopoldo <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Leopoldo López">Leopoldo López</a>, and declared that López's arrest was "a very big mistake."<sup id="cite_ref-prensa_3_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa_3-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the Panamanian government has published a statement that has been broadcast through the national media strongly reflecting the repudiation of President Maduro's statements, considering it an "attack" on Panama, the president and his government, while advocating for peace and freedom in Venezuela, echoing the military dictatorship that Panama suffered between 1968 and 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venezuelan_debt_in_the_Colon_Free_Zone">Venezuelan debt in the Colon Free Zone</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Venezuelan debt in the Colon Free Zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zonalibrecolon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Zonalibrecolon.JPG/262px-Zonalibrecolon.JPG" decoding="async" width="262" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Zonalibrecolon.JPG/393px-Zonalibrecolon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Zonalibrecolon.JPG/524px-Zonalibrecolon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2256" /></a><figcaption>Businesses in the Colon Free Zone.</figcaption></figure> <p>The breakdown of relations between Panama and Venezuela brought to light a background where Venezuela maintains a business debt of around 2 billion dollars with the <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B3n_Free_Trade_Zone" title="Colón Free Trade Zone">Colón Free Trade Zone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> and that its review was suspended after the breakup. This debt has had the effect of reducing or suspending sales from the free zone, falling from 30% in 2012 to 10% of total sales currently.<sup id="cite_ref-claves_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claves-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Maduro stressed that President Martinelli himself was imposing " <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribes</a>" on Venezuelan businessmen, charging 20% of the invoices to finance the Panamanian electoral campaign; which the Panamanian government responded as accusations lacking truth and President Martinelli called Maduro "immature".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 March, the general manager of the <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B3n_Free_Trade_Zone" title="Colón Free Trade Zone">Colon Free Trade Zone</a> accused Venezuelan businessmen in complicity with the government of inflating the debt of the free trade zone to the detriment of the Free Trade Zone and Panamanian exporters. He added that this irregularity was already known to the Venezuelan government since October 2013, and that the fraudulent debt amounts to 937 million dollars, of which he pointed to <a href="/wiki/CADIVI" class="mw-redirect" title="CADIVI">Cadivi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Venezuela" title="Central Bank of Venezuela">Central Bank of Venezuela</a> and Seniat as the government components behind the action, responding that Maduro's accusations against the debt with Panama are a "lie".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 March, Panama's Minister of Commerce, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Qujano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Qujano (page does not exist)">Ricardo Qujano</a>, submitted to the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO) protest notes against what he called "discriminatory measures" by Venezuela and which therefore violate international agreements, since <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> has not received any written note from the Venezuelan government regarding the breaking of trade relations. Panamanian foreign minister, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lvarez_de_Soto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Álvarez de Soto (page does not exist)">Álvarez de Soto</a>, stated that Panama will defend its commercial interests before international bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 3, at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> on <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, Martinelli harshly questioned the Venezuelan economic system, stating that it was unthinkable that a country like Venezuela "has such a huge administrative mess and that the resources of the Venezuelan people have been squandered, stolen, (that) there is not even toilet paper...".<sup id="cite_ref-VOA1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOA1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the break in trade, Panama ruled out any retaliatory measures against Venezuela, and announced that they would abstain from economic measures and that they would wait for the <a href="/wiki/2014_Panamanian_general_election" title="2014 Panamanian general election">next government to be elected on 4 May</a> to be the one in charge of it, according to the Panamanian Minister of the Presidency, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Henr%C3%ADquez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Henríquez (page does not exist)">Roberto Henríquez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Panama_requests_OAS_to_address_protests_in_Venezuela">Panama requests OAS to address protests in Venezuela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Panama requests OAS to address protests in Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Organization_american_states_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Organization_american_states_building.jpg/240px-Organization_american_states_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Organization_american_states_building.jpg/360px-Organization_american_states_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Organization_american_states_building.jpg/480px-Organization_american_states_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> (OAS) in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Permanent Council of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> (OAS) met in a closed-door session for two days on March 6 and 7 on the situation in Venezuela at the request of Panama, resulting in a large majority in continuing the process of national dialogue proposed by the Venezuelan government and ruling out a meeting between foreign ministers (proposed by Panama) and making periodic reports to the Permanent Council on the situation in Venezuela (proposed by Peru). In the final declaration, approved by 29 countries and rejected by Canada, the United States and Panama, it expresses condolences for the victims of the protests, calls for progress in investigations, calls for the rejection of violence and for respect for human rights; and also calls for "respect for the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of States."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efforts_to_support_the_Venezuelan_opposition">Efforts to support the Venezuelan opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Efforts to support the Venezuelan opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 March, the Panamanian ambassador to the OAS, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Vallarino" title="Arturo Vallarino">Arturo Vallarino</a>, proposed inviting Venezuelan opposition leaders to the Permanent Council session, such as legislators <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado" title="María Corina Machado">María Corina Machado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrique_Capriles" title="Henrique Capriles">Henrique Capriles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ledezma" title="Antonio Ledezma">Antonio Ledezma</a>, unions and student leaders, as a way of learning about the situation in Venezuela. The Panamanian ambassador stated that this measure has the approval of President Martinelli and that they are aware of the cost that this action would entail.<sup id="cite_ref-prensaoea_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensaoea-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ntn24oea_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntn24oea-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 March, President Martinelli announced that he would receive Congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado" title="María Corina Machado">María Corina Machado</a> at the presidential palace in <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a>, to make Panama's request that opposition leaders be heard at the OAS,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has generated reactions from the president of the Venezuelan National Assembly, Diosdado Caballero, accusing Martinelli of being a "<a href="/wiki/Lackey_(manservant)" title="Lackey (manservant)">lackey</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, the Panamanian ambassador to the OAS, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Vallarino" title="Arturo Vallarino">Arturo Vallarino</a>, declared that he would cede the Panamanian chair to Deputy <a href="/wiki/Maria_Corina_Machado" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Corina Machado">Corina Machado</a> and a delegation of students and opposition trade unionists at the next regular meeting of the OAS on 21 March, and that Panama would insist on the defence of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Venezuela" title="Human rights in Venezuela">human rights in Venezuela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, during the regular meeting where the situation in Venezuela was to be discussed, it was first decided to hold a closed-door session and then the session was cancelled with the approval of the majority of the countries, leaving Maria Corina Machado unable to speak at the event.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="President of the National Assembly of Venezuela">president of the National Assembly of Venezuela</a> <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Cabello" title="Diosdado Cabello">Diosdado Cabello</a> argued that Corina Machado had "self-stripped" herself of the investiture of a deputy by accepting the "alternate representation" of Panama at the OAS meeting, a fact that was ratified by the National Assembly and the Supreme Court of Justice of Venezuela on April 1.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martinelli responded harshly to the dismissal, accusing Maduro of not respecting "democratic and civil liberties" and said that the situation in Venezuela is "chaotic and catastrophic".<sup id="cite_ref-VOA1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOA1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accusations_of_interference_in_Panamanian_elections">Accusations of interference in Panamanian elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Accusations of interference in Panamanian elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PRD_panama_Party.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PRD_panama_Party.png/240px-PRD_panama_Party.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PRD_panama_Party.png/360px-PRD_panama_Party.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PRD_panama_Party.png/480px-PRD_panama_Party.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Revolutionary_Party" title="Democratic Revolutionary Party">Democratic Revolutionary Party</a>. The Panamanian government has accused Maduro of favoring the opposition party in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Panamanian_general_election" title="2014 Panamanian general election">2014 Panamanian general election</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In parallel to the breaking of diplomatic relations, President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> repeatedly mentioned the figure of the deceased Panamanian military man <a href="/wiki/Omar_Torrijos_Herrera" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Torrijos Herrera">Omar Torrijos Herrera</a>, naming a popular building in western Caracas after the military man, a day after the breaking of relations; calling Torrijos a "Bolivarian general".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, on 15 March, by orders of Maduro, units of the National Armed Forces would be instructed with the "thought" of Omar Torrijos and he reiterated his praise for the Panamanian military man.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These actions provoked a harsh reaction from the Panamanian government on 16 March, who accused Maduro of interfering in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Panamanian_general_election" title="2014 Panamanian general election">Panamanian electoral process of 4 May 2014</a>, where the opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Revolutionary_Party" title="Democratic Revolutionary Party">Democratic Revolutionary Party</a> (PRD), founded by Omar Torrijos, ran for president for the ruling <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Change_(Panama)" title="Democratic Change (Panama)">Democratic Change</a> of President Martinelli. In an official statement, the Panamanian government accused Maduro of having preferences for the PRD for the praise of Torrijos and demanded not to interfere in the local electoral process,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> emphasizing foreign governments that finance Panama's opposition parties to "get their hairy hands off".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 March, the Presidency of Panama issued a statement in which President Martinelli accused Maduro of directly financing the campaign of PRD presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Navarro_(politician)" title="Juan Carlos Navarro (politician)">Juan Carlos Navarro</a>, pointing to the Venezuelan president's wishes that the next elected government of Panama be "Torrijista" as proof. Martinelli added that "Maduro should be solving the problems of shortages in his country and not putting his hands in Panama".<sup id="cite_ref-Presidencia_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Presidencia-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protests_by_Venezuelans_living_in_Panama">Protests by Venezuelans living in Panama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Protests by Venezuelans living in Panama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Venezuelan community in Panama, according to official figures, is around 12 thousand people in 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have demonstrated in favour of President Martinelli and against Maduro, with calls in parks in the Panamanian capital and other cities in the interior.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A protest was also called in front of the Cuban embassy in Panama, denouncing possible interference by the Caribbean island in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among other measures, the Venezuelan community sent a letter with more than 1,800 signatures on March 7 in support of President Martinelli and the Panamanian government, emphasizing that their action was "in accordance with the law" and that President Maduro "attacked" Martinelli and the Panamanian people "in a disproportionate and rude manner".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Normalisation_of_relations">Normalisation of relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Normalisation of relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jcvarela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Jcvarela.jpg/237px-Jcvarela.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Jcvarela.jpg/355px-Jcvarela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Jcvarela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Varela" title="Juan Carlos Varela">Juan Carlos Varela</a>, president of Panama after July 2014. Varela's election as president marked a turning point and normalization in relations with Venezuela.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first signs of easing the crisis were made by <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> on the night of 4 May, after the <a href="/wiki/2024_Panamanian_general_election" title="2024 Panamanian general election">presidential elections in Panama had ended</a>, where the vice president and opposition candidate <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Varela" title="Juan Carlos Varela">Juan Carlos Varela</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Paname%C3%B1ista_Party" title="Panameñista Party">Panameñista Party</a>, was chosen as president-elect, defeating the government candidate <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Domingo_Arias" title="José Domingo Arias">José Domingo Arias</a>. According to the Venezuelan Foreign Ministry, Maduro called Varela by phone to congratulate him on the victory, and indicated that both would commit to accelerating the normalization and relaunching of diplomatic and commercial relations between Panama and Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-prensa_1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa_1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 May, the exchange of diplomatic notes and the reestablishment of relations at the consular level were announced, confirmed by Panamanian foreign minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_%C3%81lvarez_de_Soto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Álvarez de Soto (page does not exist)">Francisco Álvarez de Soto</a>, and that the action to relaunch relations was proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan government">Venezuelan government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 May, the Venezuelan consulate in Panama was reopened and the process of issuing passports was restarted.<sup id="cite_ref-prensa_2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa_2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prensa-latina_1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa-latina_1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President-elect Varela declared on 5 June that once he took office on 1 July, diplomatic and commercial relations with Venezuela would be reestablished, following an agreement reached by a delegation headed by Vice Foreign Minister-designate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Miguel_Hincapi%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Miguel Hincapié (page does not exist)">Luis Miguel Hincapié</a>, who also extended an invitation to Nicolás Maduro for the presidential inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-prensa-latina_2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa-latina_2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crisis formally ended with the presidential inauguration of Juan Carlos Varela on 1 July, with the presence of a Venezuelan delegation headed by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Arreaza" title="Jorge Arreaza">Jorge Arreaza</a>, who publicly announced on behalf of Nicolás Maduro the restoration of diplomatic and commercial relations with Panama.<sup id="cite_ref-telemetro.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telemetro.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prensa-latina_3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prensa-latina_3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_reactions">International reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: International reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Organisations">International Organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: International Organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bandera_Parlamento_Latinoamericano.jpg/20px-Bandera_Parlamento_Latinoamericano.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bandera_Parlamento_Latinoamericano.jpg/30px-Bandera_Parlamento_Latinoamericano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bandera_Parlamento_Latinoamericano.jpg/40px-Bandera_Parlamento_Latinoamericano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Parlatino</a>: The Latin American Parliament declared on 12 March 2014 that it would offer to mediate to re-establish diplomatic relations between Panama and Venezuela, and that according to the president of Parlatino, Venezuela had accepted this gesture.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_governments">National governments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Bolivia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></span>: President <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a> supported the Venezuelan decision to break relations with Panama, justifying that both Panama and the United States were committing foreign interference in Venezuela and financing small groups.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Costa Rica"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></span>: Out of "solidarity" with the Panamanian government, Costa Rica assumed responsibility for the consular procedures of Panamanians in Venezuela during the rupture of relations.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acting foreign minister, Gioconda Ubeda, declared that Costa Rica is the custodian of Panama's consular archives and properties in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Cuba"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></span>: Cuban Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Parrilla" title="Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla">Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla</a> expressed his full support for the Venezuelan government in the dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN1_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Guatemala"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></span>: President <a href="/wiki/Otto_P%C3%A9rez_Molina" title="Otto Pérez Molina">Otto Pérez Molina</a> regretted the breakdown of relations and urged both countries to prioritize dialogue, seek agreements and resume relations.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PAT-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAT_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAT_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2014/02/14/panama-preocupado-por-situacion-en-venezuela-y-la-sigue-con-cautela/">"Panamá preocupado por situación en Venezuela y la sigue con cautela"</a> (in Spanish). La Patilla. 14 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>La situación que se vive "en un país hermano" como es Venezuela "nos preocupa" y es seguida "con cautela y prudencia" por Panamá, dijo el canciller en referencia a las muertes registradas el pasado miércoles en el país suramericano en el marco de una jornada de protestas convocada por la oposición</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panam%C3%A1+preocupado+por+situaci%C3%B3n+en+Venezuela+y+la+sigue+con+cautela&rft.pub=La+Patilla&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapatilla.com%2Fsite%2F2014%2F02%2F14%2Fpanama-preocupado-por-situacion-en-venezuela-y-la-sigue-con-cautela%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAIS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAIS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAIS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeléndez2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meléndez, José (22 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2014/02/22/actualidad/1393030795_870993.html">"El Gobierno venezolano acusa a Panamá de injerencia"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). Ediciones El País S. L<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>Sin mencionar a Estados Unidos, la delegación venezolana respondió con una acusación al "imperio" de impulsar "un golpe de Estado callejero y mediático" en Venezuela</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+Gobierno+venezolano+acusa+a+Panam%C3%A1+de+injerencia&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft.aulast=Mel%C3%A9ndez&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finternacional.elpais.com%2Finternacional%2F2014%2F02%2F22%2Factualidad%2F1393030795_870993.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rompe-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rompe_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2014/03/140305_venezuela_aniversario_muerte_chavez_en.shtml">"Venezuela rompe relaciones con Panamá"</a> (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"No vamos a permitir que nadie se meta impunemente con nuestra patria, lacayo rastrero presidente de Panamá", aseguró Maduro, quien ya había hecho referencia a la petición del presidente de Panamá, Ricardo Martinelli, para convocar al Consejo Permanente de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venezuela+rompe+relaciones+con+Panam%C3%A1&rft.pub=BBC+Mundo&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias%2F2014%2F03%2F140305_venezuela_aniversario_muerte_chavez_en.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-claves-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-claves_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-claves_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2014/03/140307_venezuela_panama_relaciones_claves.shtml">"5 claves sobre la ruptura de relaciones entre Venezuela y Panamá"</a>. BBC Mundo. 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=5+claves+sobre+la+ruptura+de+relaciones+entre+Venezuela+y+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias%2F2014%2F03%2F140307_venezuela_panama_relaciones_claves.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Presidencia2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Presidencia2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/5353-Martinelli-acusa-a-Maduro-de-financiar-campana-de-Navarro-">"Martinelli acusa a Maduro de financiar campaña de Navarro"</a>. <i>Presidencia de Panamá</i>. 18 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidencia+de+Panam%C3%A1&rft.atitle=Martinelli+acusa+a+Maduro+de+financiar+campa%C3%B1a+de+Navarro&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidencia.gob.pa%2F5353-Martinelli-acusa-a-Maduro-de-financiar-campana-de-Navarro-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prensaoea-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prensaoea_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prensaoea_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa.com/uhora/locales/oea-venezuela-machado-vallarino/289498">"Vallarino pide que se invite a la OEA a diputada venezolana"</a>. La Prensa. 10 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vallarino+pide+que+se+invite+a+la+OEA+a+diputada+venezolana&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Fuhora%2Flocales%2Foea-venezuela-machado-vallarino%2F289498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ntn24oea-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ntn24oea_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntn24oea_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntn24.com/noticias/panama-no-se-rinde-ante-la-oea-embajador-vallarino-en-ntn24-queremos-que-escuchen-en-washington">"Panamá no se rinde ante la OEA. Embajador Vallarino en NTN24: "queremos que escuchen en Washington a opositores venezolanos"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. NTN24. 11 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Panam%C3%A1+no+se+rinde+ante+la+OEA.+Embajador+Vallarino+en+NTN24%3A+%22queremos+que+escuchen+en+Washington+a+opositores+venezolanos%22&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntn24.com%2Fnoticias%2Fpanama-no-se-rinde-ante-la-oea-embajador-vallarino-en-ntn24-queremos-que-escuchen-en-washington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/5322-Maduro-es-inmaduro-y-debe-pedir-disculpas-a-Panama">"Maduro es inmaduro y debe pedir disculpas a Panamá"</a>. Presidencia de Panamá. 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maduro+es+inmaduro+y+debe+pedir+disculpas+a+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidencia.gob.pa%2F5322-Maduro-es-inmaduro-y-debe-pedir-disculpas-a-Panama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prensa_1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prensa_1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prensa_1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa.com/uhora/locales/venezuela-panama-relaciones/320252">"Venezuela y Panamá se comprometen a relanzar relaciones diplomáticas"</a>. 5 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezuela+y+Panam%C3%A1+se+comprometen+a+relanzar+relaciones+diplom%C3%A1ticas&rft.date=2014-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Fuhora%2Flocales%2Fvenezuela-panama-relaciones%2F320252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prensa_2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prensa_2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prensa_2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa.com/uhora/locales/consulado-panama-pasaporte-venezuela/332078">"Consulado de Venezuela en Panamá empezó a entregar pasaportes pendientes"</a>. 27 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Consulado+de+Venezuela+en+Panam%C3%A1+empez%C3%B3+a+entregar+pasaportes+pendientes&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Fuhora%2Flocales%2Fconsulado-panama-pasaporte-venezuela%2F332078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prensa-latina_1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prensa-latina_1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prensa-latina_1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2723991&Itemid=1">"Venezuela reabre su consulado en Panamá"</a>. 27 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezuela+reabre+su+consulado+en+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa-latina.cu%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D2723991%26Itemid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prensa-latina_22-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prensa-latina_22_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&idioma=1&id=2759201&Itemid=1">"Varela ratifica restablecimiento relaciones de Panamá con Venezuela"</a>. 5 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Varela+ratifica+restablecimiento+relaciones+de+Panam%C3%A1+con+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa-latina.cu%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26idioma%3D1%26id%3D2759201%26Itemid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telemetro.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telemetro.com_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telemetro.com_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Panama-restablece-relaciones-diplomaticas-Venezuela_0_711829654.html#.U7NCu7GTHXo">"Venezuela y Panamá restablecen relaciones diplomáticas"</a>. 1 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezuela+y+Panam%C3%A1+restablecen+relaciones+diplom%C3%A1ticas&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FPanama-restablece-relaciones-diplomaticas-Venezuela_0_711829654.html%23.U7NCu7GTHXo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prensa-latina_3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prensa-latina_3_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prensa-latina_3_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&idioma=1&id=2841781&Itemid=1">"Restablecen relaciones diplomáticas Panamá y Venezuela"</a>. 1 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Restablecen+relaciones+diplom%C3%A1ticas+Panam%C3%A1+y+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa-latina.cu%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26idioma%3D1%26id%3D2841781%26Itemid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-permiso-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-permiso_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvo2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Calvo, Gastón (13 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/2014/02/13/1543394-violencia-venezuela-maduro-anuncio-que-los-que-se-movilicen-sin-permiso-seran-detenidos">"Violencia en Venezuela: Maduro anunció que los que se movilicen "sin permiso" serán detenidos"</a> (in Spanish). Infobae<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>Durante toda la jornada, las imágenes de los incidentes fueron subidas a Twitter con los hashtags #12FVenezuelaPaLaCalle y #12F. Miles de usuarios no dudaron en mostrar imágenes de la violencia desatada en Caracas y en distintas localidades del país</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Violencia+en+Venezuela%3A+Maduro+anunci%C3%B3+que+los+que+se+movilicen+%22sin+permiso%22+ser%C3%A1n+detenidos&rft.pub=Infobae&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=Gast%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2F2014%2F02%2F13%2F1543394-violencia-venezuela-maduro-anuncio-que-los-que-se-movilicen-sin-permiso-seran-detenidos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurczy2014" class="citation web cs1">Kurczy, Stephen (13 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2014/0213/Venezuelan-student-protesters-tweet-LaSalida-to-call-for-president-s-exit-video">"Venezuelan student protesters tweet #LaSalida to call for president's exit"</a>. Global News Blog<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>Demonstrators also took to the Internet, circulating the Twitter hashtag #LaSalida (The Exit) as a rally call for Mr. Maduro to step down</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venezuelan+student+protesters+tweet+%23LaSalida+to+call+for+president%27s+exit&rft.pub=Global+News+Blog&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft.aulast=Kurczy&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FGlobal-News%2F2014%2F0213%2FVenezuelan-student-protesters-tweet-LaSalida-to-call-for-president-s-exit-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232146/http://diariodecaracas.com/politica/leopoldo-lopez-maria-corina-machado-haran-anuncios-importantes-hoy-lasalida">"Esta fue la rueda de prensa de Leopoldo López y María Corina Machado"</a> (in Spanish). El Diario de Caracas. 23 January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diariodecaracas.com/politica/leopoldo-lopez-maria-corina-machado-haran-anuncios-importantes-hoy-lasalida">the original</a> on 21 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>El dirigente nacional del partido Voluntad Popular, Leopoldo López, y la diputada a la Asamblea Nacional, María Corina Machado, se dirigieron al país la mañana de este jueves para convocarlos a asambleas de calle</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Esta+fue+la+rueda+de+prensa+de+Leopoldo+L%C3%B3pez+y+Mar%C3%ADa+Corina+Machado&rft.pub=El+Diario+de+Caracas&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiariodecaracas.com%2Fpolitica%2Fleopoldo-lopez-maria-corina-machado-haran-anuncios-importantes-hoy-lasalida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutiérrez2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gutiérrez, Miguel (13 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noticierodigital.com/2014/02/930pm-leopoldo-lopez-maria-corina-machado-y-antonio-ledezma-acusan-a-maduro-de-suspender-garantias-y-llaman-a-mas-marchas/">"López, Machado y Ledezma acusan a Maduro de "suspender garantías" y llaman a más marchas"</a> (in Spanish). Noticiero Digital<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>Dirigentes opositores acusaron hoy al presidente venezolano, Nicolás Maduro, de "suspender garantías" constitucionales y llamaron a más marchas, después de que el jefe del Ejecutivo indicara que había dado instrucciones de que se impidieran las manifestaciones sin permiso</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%C3%B3pez%2C+Machado+y+Ledezma+acusan+a+Maduro+de+%22suspender+garant%C3%ADas%22+y+llaman+a+m%C3%A1s+marchas&rft.pub=Noticiero+Digital&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft.aulast=Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noticierodigital.com%2F2014%2F02%2F930pm-leopoldo-lopez-maria-corina-machado-y-antonio-ledezma-acusan-a-maduro-de-suspender-garantias-y-llaman-a-mas-marchas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ola-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ola_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ola_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucca2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lucca, Nicolás (11 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222190637/http://www.perfil.com/internacional/Una-ola-de-protestas-represion-y-detenciones-sacuden-a-Venezuela-20140211-0032.html">"Una ola de protestas, represión y detenciones sacuden a Venezuela"</a> (in Spanish). Editorial Perfil S.A. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perfil.com/internacional/Una-ola-de-protestas-represion-y-detenciones-sacuden-a-Venezuela-20140211-0032.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Una+ola+de+protestas%2C+represi%C3%B3n+y+detenciones+sacuden+a+Venezuela&rft.pub=Editorial+Perfil+S.A.&rft.date=2014-02-11&rft.aulast=Lucca&rft.aufirst=Nicol%C3%A1s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perfil.com%2Finternacional%2FUna-ola-de-protestas-represion-y-detenciones-sacuden-a-Venezuela-20140211-0032.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comunista-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comunista_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comunista_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224212356/http://www.el-nacional.com/politica/Movimiento-Estudiantil-emite-comunicado-nacion_0_358164451.html">"Movimiento Estudiantil expone motivos de su protesta"</a> (in Spanish). El Nacional. 18 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.el-nacional.com/politica/Movimiento-Estudiantil-emite-comunicado-nacion_0_358164451.html">the original</a> on 24 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>En el Día de la Juventud, aniversario glorioso para todos los estudiantes venezolanos, elevamos el volumen de nuestra protesta; varios compañeros dieron la vida por ello. […] Siendo de esta naturaleza nuestros objetivos, el Movimiento Estudiantil considera como primer paso la renuncia de Nicolás Maduro y todo su gabinete. De la misma forma, nuestro Estado no puede continuar bajo la dirección del castro comunismo: exigimos la inmediata expulsión de todos los agentes cubanos de nuestras instituciones</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Movimiento+Estudiantil+expone+motivos+de+su+protesta&rft.pub=El+Nacional&rft.date=2014-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.el-nacional.com%2Fpolitica%2FMovimiento-Estudiantil-emite-comunicado-nacion_0_358164451.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avn.info.ve/galeria/221777">"Gran concentración por la paz y la vida en la Av. Bolívar"</a> (in Spanish). Agencia Venezolana de Noticias<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gran+concentraci%C3%B3n+por+la+paz+y+la+vida+en+la+Av.+Bol%C3%ADvar&rft.pub=Agencia+Venezolana+de+Noticias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avn.info.ve%2Fgaleria%2F221777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avn.info.ve/contenido/presidente-maduro-llama-aislar-grupos-fascistas-que-promueven-odio-y-violencia">"Presidente Maduro llama a aislar grupos fascistas que promueven odio y violencia"</a> (in Spanish). Agencia Venezolana de Noticias. 8 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>El presidente de la República, Nicolás Maduro, llamó al pueblo revolucionario aislar a aquellos grupos que promueven odio, intolerancia y violencia. Asimismo, felicitó al pueblo del estado Táchira por su masiva participación en la Caminata por la Paz y la Vida que se realiza en la capital de la entidad, donde este jueves se registró unos hechos de violencia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidente+Maduro+llama+a+aislar+grupos+fascistas+que+promueven+odio+y+violencia&rft.pub=Agencia+Venezolana+de+Noticias&rft.date=2014-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avn.info.ve%2Fcontenido%2Fpresidente-maduro-llama-aislar-grupos-fascistas-que-promueven-odio-y-violencia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/el-mundo/2014/muere-militar-en-protesta-en-venezuela-van-18-muertos-991510.html">"Muere militar en protesta en Venezuela; van 18 muertos"</a> (in Spanish). El Universal. 28 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>Ortega Díaz confirmó que en la víspera falleció un joven en Carabobo tras recibir un disparo de arma de fuego cuando estaba limpiando una calle repleta de desechos de las barricadas, con la muerte del guardia nacional y el joven en Carabobo se elevan a 18 los fallecidos por las protestas callejeras.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muere+militar+en+protesta+en+Venezuela%3B+van+18+muertos&rft.pub=El+Universal&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fel-mundo%2F2014%2Fmuere-militar-en-protesta-en-venezuela-van-18-muertos-991510.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-torturas-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-torturas_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304025220/http://www.el-nacional.com/sociedad/casos-tortura-documentados_3_364193589.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Tenemos 33 casos de tortura documentados"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Spanish). El Nacional. 28 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.el-nacional.com/sociedad/casos-tortura-documentados_3_364193589.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>El abogado <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Himiob" title="Gonzalo Himiob">Gonzalo Himiob</a>, directivo del Foro Penal Venezolano, explicó que las torturas cometidas por cuerpos de seguridad del Estado en perjuicio de los participantes de las protestas de febrero constan en las actas judiciales de cada caso: "33 víctimas denunciaron formalmente ante fiscales y jueces los atropellos a los cuales fueron sometidos"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Tenemos+33+casos+de+tortura+documentados%22&rft.pub=El+Nacional&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.el-nacional.com%2Fsociedad%2Fcasos-tortura-documentados_3_364193589.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motos-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-motos_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/2014/02/12/1543294-motorizados-atacaron-balazos-los-estudiantes-opositores-hay-3-muertos-y-23-heridos">"Motorizados atacaron a balazos a los estudiantes opositores: hay 3 muertos y 23 heridos"</a> (in Spanish). Infobae. 12 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>El periodista Ángel Villarroel Lara, […] denunció en Twitter que colectivos pertenecientes al oficialismo lanzaron abrieron fuego al aire, mientras que la policía disparó perdigones contra las personas que se encontraban frente a la Fiscalía</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motorizados+atacaron+a+balazos+a+los+estudiantes+opositores%3A+hay+3+muertos+y+23+heridos&rft.pub=Infobae&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2F2014%2F02%2F12%2F1543294-motorizados-atacaron-balazos-los-estudiantes-opositores-hay-3-muertos-y-23-heridos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaniot2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Janiot, Patricia (21 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2014/02/21/gobierno-de-venezuela-revoca-credenciales-periodistas-cnn/">"Gobierno de Venezuela revoca las credenciales a periodistas de CNN en Español"</a> (in Spanish). Cable News Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>El gobierno de Venezuela revocó o denegó las credenciales de periodista a los reporteros de CNN en el país después de que el presidente Nicolás Maduro anunciara que expulsaría a CNN si no "rectificaba" su cobertura de las protestas antigubernamentales</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gobierno+de+Venezuela+revoca+las+credenciales+a+periodistas+de+CNN+en+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.pub=Cable+News+Network&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.aulast=Janiot&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnespanol.cnn.com%2F2014%2F02%2F21%2Fgobierno-de-venezuela-revoca-credenciales-periodistas-cnn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-″NTN″-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-″NTN″_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com/nacional-y-politica/140214/maduro-sacar-del-aire-a-ntn24-fue-decision-de-estado">"Maduro: Sacar del aire a NTN24 fue decisión de Estado"</a> (in Spanish). El Universal. 14 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>El presidente de la República, Nicolás Maduro, aseguró que la decisión de sacar al canal de noticias NTN24 de los canales que ofrecen las cableras DirecTV y Movistar fue una decisión de Estado</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maduro%3A+Sacar+del+aire+a+NTN24+fue+decisi%C3%B3n+de+Estado&rft.pub=El+Universal&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com%2Fnacional-y-politica%2F140214%2Fmaduro-sacar-del-aire-a-ntn24-fue-decision-de-estado&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-″NTNI″-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-″NTNI″_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301204444/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1663621-venezuela-sacaron-del-aire-al-canal-colombiano-ntn-24">"Venezuela: sacaron del aire al canal colombiano NTN 24"</a> (in Spanish). La Nación S. A. 13 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1663621-venezuela-sacaron-del-aire-al-canal-colombiano-ntn-24">the original</a> on 1 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2014</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Confirmado; DirecTV ha removido la señal de NTN24 en Venezuela", escribió Bilancieri en otro mensaje de su cuenta de Twitter @Bilancieri. E informó que Movistar también retiró la señal del canal de su lista. "Me confirman que Movistar nos ha retirado de su parrilla de canales", escribió</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venezuela%3A+sacaron+del+aire+al+canal+colombiano+NTN+24&rft.pub=La+Naci%C3%B3n+S.+A.&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.com.ar%2F1663621-venezuela-sacaron-del-aire-al-canal-colombiano-ntn-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-″NTNII″-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-″NTNII″_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140306021130/http://diariodecaracas.com/que-sucede/sacaron-del-aire-la-senal-ntn24-en-venezuela-fotos">"Sacan del aire al canal internacional NTN24 en Venezuela"</a> (in Spanish). Diario de CCS, LLC. 12 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diariodecaracas.com/que-sucede/sacaron-del-aire-la-senal-ntn24-en-venezuela-fotos">the original</a> on 6 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>La periodista de NTN24, Idania Chirinos confirmó que la señal del canal habría sido sacada del aire en las cableras venezolanas</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sacan+del+aire+al+canal+internacional+NTN24+en+Venezuela&rft.pub=Diario+de+CCS%2C+LLC&rft.date=2013-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiariodecaracas.com%2Fque-sucede%2Fsacaron-del-aire-la-senal-ntn24-en-venezuela-fotos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2014/02/22/maduro-dice-ahora-que-cnn-puede-quedarse-en-venezuela/">"Maduro dice ahora que CNN puede quedarse en Venezuela"</a> (in Spanish). Cable News Network. 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>Durante una conferencia de prensa transmitida por la televisión estatal, Maduro dio marcha atrás diciendo que CNN podía quedarse. [...] Tras más de dos horas de rueda de prensa, autoridades venezolanas comunicaron a CNN que se emitirían credenciales para que sus periodistas puedan reportar en el país</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maduro+dice+ahora+que+CNN+puede+quedarse+en+Venezuela&rft.pub=Cable+News+Network&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnespanol.cnn.com%2F2014%2F02%2F22%2Fmaduro-dice-ahora-que-cnn-puede-quedarse-en-venezuela%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-″cantvI″-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-″cantvI″_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140312183358/http://noticias.lainformacion.com/mundo/twitter-denuncia-el-bloqueo-de-mensajes-en-venezuela-y-la-operadora-estatal-lo-niega_QH3fQoy9MtuZbp1xpSnP72/">"Twitter denuncia el bloqueo de mensajes en Venezuela y la operadora estatal lo niega"</a> (in Spanish). Lainformacion.com. 15 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.lainformacion.com/mundo/twitter-denuncia-el-bloqueo-de-mensajes-en-venezuela-y-la-operadora-estatal-lo-niega_QH3fQoy9MtuZbp1xpSnP72/">the original</a> on 12 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>La red social Twitter ha denunciado este viernes el bloqueo de mensajes en Venezuela, tal y como habían asegurado usuarios y activistas el jueves, con motivo de las protestas estudiantiles, algo que la Compañía Anónima Teléfonos de Venezuela (Cantv) niega y atribuye a fallos internos de la red social</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twitter+denuncia+el+bloqueo+de+mensajes+en+Venezuela+y+la+operadora+estatal+lo+niega&rft.pub=Lainformacion.com&rft.date=2014-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.lainformacion.com%2Fmundo%2Ftwitter-denuncia-el-bloqueo-de-mensajes-en-venezuela-y-la-operadora-estatal-lo-niega_QH3fQoy9MtuZbp1xpSnP72%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227015812/http://www.elnuevoherald.com/2014/02/15/1680427/empresa-publica-de-telecomunicaciones.html">"Empresa pública de telecomunicaciones niega bloqueo de Twitter en Venezuela"</a> (in Spanish). Miami Herald Media Company. 15 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elnuevoherald.com/2014/02/15/1680427/empresa-publica-de-telecomunicaciones.html">the original</a> on 27 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>. <q>La estatal Compañía Anónima Nacional Teléfonos de Venezuela (Cantv) negó hoy categóricamente haber bloqueado imágenes en la red social Twitter como habían reportado usuarios de esa red social y confirmado un portavoz de la compañía estadounidense</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Empresa+p%C3%BAblica+de+telecomunicaciones+niega+bloqueo+de+Twitter+en+Venezuela&rft.pub=Miami+Herald+Media+Company&rft.date=2014-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnuevoherald.com%2F2014%2F02%2F15%2F1680427%2Fempresa-publica-de-telecomunicaciones.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">González, Carlos H. (21 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303014152/http://www.laestrella.com.pa/online/noticias/2014/02/21/nicolas-maduro-ricardo-martinelli-juan-manuel-santos-sebastian-pinera-venezuela-chile-panama-colombia-200285.asp">"Maduro: "Martinelli, Santos y Piñera quieren dividir a la región"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Spanish). Grupo Editorial El Siglo y La Estrella. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laestrella.com.pa/online/noticias/2014/02/21/nicolas-maduro-ricardo-martinelli-juan-manuel-santos-sebastian-pinera-venezuela-chile-panama-colombia-200285.asp">the original</a> on 3 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>El presidente venezolano Nicolás Maduro cuestionó en conferencia de prensa a los presidentes de Panamá, Ricardo Martinelli; de Chile, Sebastián Piñera y de Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, por emitir comentarios que se inmiscuyen en los asuntos internos de Venezuela. Maduro calificó la posición de estos tres mandatarios como de "derecha y de unirse en una campaña internacional para dividir a la región"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maduro%3A+%22Martinelli%2C+Santos+y+Pi%C3%B1era+quieren+dividir+a+la+regi%C3%B3n%22&rft.pub=Grupo+Editorial+El+Siglo+y+La+Estrella&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=Carlos+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laestrella.com.pa%2Fonline%2Fnoticias%2F2014%2F02%2F21%2Fnicolas-maduro-ricardo-martinelli-juan-manuel-santos-sebastian-pinera-venezuela-chile-panama-colombia-200285.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">González, Carlos H. (21 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303014102/http://www.laestrella.com.pa/online/noticias/2014/02/21/ricardo-martinelli-nicolas-maduro-panama-protestas-en-venezuela-200288.asp">"Martinelli le responde a Maduro que él no actúa por presiones"</a> (in Spanish). Grupo Editorial El Siglo y La Estrella. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laestrella.com.pa/online/noticias/2014/02/21/ricardo-martinelli-nicolas-maduro-panama-protestas-en-venezuela-200288.asp">the original</a> on 3 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>El Presidente Martinelli a través de su cuenta de Twitter, aseguró: "Panamá ni su Presidente actúan por presiones. No somos enemigos del pueblo o Gobierno venezolano; solo queremos ayudarlos a encontrar la paz"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martinelli+le+responde+a+Maduro+que+%C3%A9l+no+act%C3%BAa+por+presiones&rft.pub=Grupo+Editorial+El+Siglo+y+La+Estrella&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=Carlos+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laestrella.com.pa%2Fonline%2Fnoticias%2F2014%2F02%2F21%2Fricardo-martinelli-nicolas-maduro-panama-protestas-en-venezuela-200288.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Panama-OEA-analizar-situacion-Venezuela_0_674033082.html">"Panamá solicita a OEA convocar reunión para analizar situación en Venezuela"</a> (in Spanish). MEDCOM Panamá. 25 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>En una nota enviada a la Organización de Estados Americanos, el Gobierno de Panamá ha solicitado convocar a una reunión de cancilleres de los países miembros para analizar la situación de Venezuela</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panam%C3%A1+solicita+a+OEA+convocar+reuni%C3%B3n+para+analizar+situaci%C3%B3n+en+Venezuela&rft.pub=MEDCOM+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FPanama-OEA-analizar-situacion-Venezuela_0_674033082.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rompe2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rompe2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2014/03/140305_venezuela_aniversario_muerte_chavez_en.shtml">"Venezuela rompe relaciones con Panamá"</a> (in Spanish). London, Reino Unido: BBC Mundo. 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"No vamos a permitir que nadie se meta impunemente con nuestra patria, lacayo rastrero presidente de Panamá", aseguró Maduro, quien ya había hecho referencia a la petición del presidente de Panamá, Ricardo Martinelli, para convocar al Consejo Permanente de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venezuela+rompe+relaciones+con+Panam%C3%A1&rft.place=London%2C+Reino+Unido&rft.pub=BBC+Mundo&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias%2F2014%2F03%2F140305_venezuela_aniversario_muerte_chavez_en.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140306034653/http://www.noticias24.com/venezuela/noticia/226119/ricardo-martinelli-sorprendido-por-la-decision-de-venezuela-de-romper-relaciones/">"Ricardo Martinelli "sorprendido" por la decisión de Venezuela de romper relaciones"</a>. Noticias24. 5 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noticias24.com/venezuela/noticia/226119/ricardo-martinelli-sorprendido-por-la-decision-de-venezuela-de-romper-relaciones/">the original</a> on 6 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ricardo+Martinelli+%22sorprendido%22+por+la+decisi%C3%B3n+de+Venezuela+de+romper+relaciones&rft.pub=Noticias24&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noticias24.com%2Fvenezuela%2Fnoticia%2F226119%2Fricardo-martinelli-sorprendido-por-la-decision-de-venezuela-de-romper-relaciones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/5319-COMUNICADO">"Presidencia de la República de Panamá - Comunicado"</a>. 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidencia+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Panam%C3%A1+-+Comunicado&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidencia.gob.pa%2F5319-COMUNICADO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prensa_3-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prensa_3_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prensa_3_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa.com/uhora/mundo/reacciones-luego-que-venezuela-anunciara-ruptura-relaciones-panama/286624">"Reacciones luego de que Venezuela anunciara ruptura de relaciones con Panamá"</a>. La Prensa (Panamá). 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reacciones+luego+de+que+Venezuela+anunciara+ruptura+de+relaciones+con+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Fuhora%2Fmundo%2Freacciones-luego-que-venezuela-anunciara-ruptura-relaciones-panama%2F286624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozJT6lbMWnE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozJT6lbMWnE</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DozJT6lbMWnE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media" title="Template:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5jFkC5LBGpvOHB22qh35106WaIXlQ?docId=2259220">"Panamá lamenta "afirmaciones carentes de toda realidad" de Maduro"</a>. Europa Press. 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Panam%C3%A1+lamenta+%22afirmaciones+carentes+de+toda+realidad%22+de+Maduro&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fepa%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jFkC5LBGpvOHB22qh35106WaIXlQ%3FdocId%3D2259220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5hEnhS-sk50TG2ufzSE5bi2-liRPA?docId=2262103">"Empresarios y el Gobierno Venezuela se confabularon para inflar la deuda con Panamá"</a>. Europa Press. 11 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Empresarios+y+el+Gobierno+Venezuela+se+confabularon+para+inflar+la+deuda+con+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fepa%2Farticle%2FALeqM5hEnhS-sk50TG2ufzSE5bi2-liRPA%3FdocId%3D2262103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://horacero.com.pa/nacionales/105423-benedetti-dice-que-deuda-de-venezuela-es-de-535-millones-y-culpa-a-maduro.html">"Benedetti dice que deuda de Venezuela es de 535 millones y culpa a Maduro"</a>. Hora Cero. 11 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Benedetti+dice+que+deuda+de+Venezuela+es+de+535+millones+y+culpa+a+Maduro&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhoracero.com.pa%2Fnacionales%2F105423-benedetti-dice-que-deuda-de-venezuela-es-de-535-millones-y-culpa-a-maduro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/economia/20140320/54403259804/panama-defendera-internacionalmente-sus-intereses-frente-medidas-venezolanas.html">"Panamá defenderá internacionalmente sus intereses frente medidas venezolanas"</a>. La Vanguardia. 19 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Panam%C3%A1+defender%C3%A1+internacionalmente+sus+intereses+frente+medidas+venezolanas&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Feconomia%2F20140320%2F54403259804%2Fpanama-defendera-internacionalmente-sus-intereses-frente-medidas-venezolanas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VOA1-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VOA1_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VOA1_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140406092121/http://www.voanoticias.com/content/martinelli-venezuela-ca%C3%B3tica-y-catastr%C3%B3fica/1885392.html">"Martinelli: Venezuela es "caótica y catastrófica"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Voice of America</i>. 3 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanoticias.com/content/martinelli-venezuela-ca%C3%B3tica-y-catastr%C3%B3fica/1885392.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Martinelli%3A+Venezuela+es+%22ca%C3%B3tica+y+catastr%C3%B3fica%22&rft.date=2014-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanoticias.com%2Fcontent%2Fmartinelli-venezuela-ca%25C3%25B3tica-y-catastr%25C3%25B3fica%2F1885392.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140406132255/http://www.prensa.com/uhora/economia/medidas-retorsion-panama-venezuela/302784">"Descartan medidas de retorsión contra Venezuela"</a>. <i>La Prensa (Panamá)</i>. 3 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa.com/uhora/economia/medidas-retorsion-panama-venezuela/302784">the original</a> on 6 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Prensa+%28Panam%C3%A1%29&rft.atitle=Descartan+medidas+de+retorsi%C3%B3n+contra+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Fuhora%2Feconomia%2Fmedidas-retorsion-panama-venezuela%2F302784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20140308/54402171038/oea-pide-seguir-dialogo-en-venezuela-para-decepcion-de-ee-uu-panama-y-canada.html">"OEA pide seguir diálogo en Venezuela para decepción de EE.UU, Panamá y Canadá"</a>. <i>La Vanguardia</i>. 8 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=OEA+pide+seguir+di%C3%A1logo+en+Venezuela+para+decepci%C3%B3n+de+EE.UU%2C+Panam%C3%A1+y+Canad%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fpolitica%2F20140308%2F54402171038%2Foea-pide-seguir-dialogo-en-venezuela-para-decepcion-de-ee-uu-panama-y-canada.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Presidente-Martinelli-Corina-Machado-Panama_0_678833135.html">"Presidente Martinelli confirma visita de María Corina Machado a Panamá"</a>. Telemetro Panamá. 13 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Presidente+Martinelli+confirma+visita+de+Mar%C3%ADa+Corina+Machado+a+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FPresidente-Martinelli-Corina-Machado-Panama_0_678833135.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laestrella.com.pa/online/noticias/2014/03/15/panama-venezuela-ricardo-martinelli-diosdado-cabello-204407.asp">"Presidente de la Asamblea de Venezuela arremete contra Martinelli"</a>. La Estrella de Panamá. 15 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Presidente+de+la+Asamblea+de+Venezuela+arremete+contra+Martinelli&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laestrella.com.pa%2Fonline%2Fnoticias%2F2014%2F03%2F15%2Fpanama-venezuela-ricardo-martinelli-diosdado-cabello-204407.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ultimas_noticias/2014/03/140321_ultnot_oea_venezuela_panama_az.shtml">"La OEA decide sesionar sobre Venezuela a "puerta cerrada"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC Mundo. 21 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+OEA+decide+sesionar+sobre+Venezuela+a+%22puerta+cerrada%22&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmundo%2Fultimas_noticias%2F2014%2F03%2F140321_ultnot_oea_venezuela_panama_az.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ultimas_noticias/2014/03/140321_ultnot_oea_venezuela_machado_jgc.shtml">"Diputada opositora no logra exponer situación de Venezuela en la OEA"</a>. BBC Mundo. 21 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Diputada+opositora+no+logra+exponer+situaci%C3%B3n+de+Venezuela+en+la+OEA&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmundo%2Fultimas_noticias%2F2014%2F03%2F140321_ultnot_oea_venezuela_machado_jgc.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.es/internacional/20140401/abci-venezuela-corina-201404011312.html">"El Supremo venezolano avala la pérdida del escaño de la opositora Corina Machado"</a>. ABC.es. 1 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=El+Supremo+venezolano+avala+la+p%C3%A9rdida+del+esca%C3%B1o+de+la+opositora+Corina+Machado&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Finternacional%2F20140401%2Fabci-venezuela-corina-201404011312.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5iYw9NHj9lCab4ePxi5DIRzwLLUQQ?docId=2258437">"Maduro bautiza con el nombre de Omar Torrijos un edificio en sector popular"</a>. EFE. 6 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maduro+bautiza+con+el+nombre+de+Omar+Torrijos+un+edificio+en+sector+popular&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fepa%2Farticle%2FALeqM5iYw9NHj9lCab4ePxi5DIRzwLLUQQ%3FdocId%3D2258437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodiquito.com/article/143609/Presidente-Maduro-invita-a-la-Fanb-estudiar-el-pensamiento-militar-de-Omar-Torrijos">"Presidente Maduro invita a la Fanb estudiar el pensamiento militar de Omar Torrijos"</a>. El Periodiquito. 15 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Presidente+Maduro+invita+a+la+Fanb+estudiar+el+pensamiento+militar+de+Omar+Torrijos&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodiquito.com%2Farticle%2F143609%2FPresidente-Maduro-invita-a-la-Fanb-estudiar-el-pensamiento-militar-de-Omar-Torrijos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa.com/uhora/locales/cancilleria-panama-rechaza-ataques-maduro/292807">"Cancillería de Panamá rechaza continuos ataques de Maduro"</a>. La Prensa (Panamá). 16 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canciller%C3%ADa+de+Panam%C3%A1+rechaza+continuos+ataques+de+Maduro&rft.date=2014-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Fuhora%2Flocales%2Fcancilleria-panama-rechaza-ataques-maduro%2F292807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa.com/uhora/locales/martinelli-candidatos-gobiernos-extranjeros/293460">"Martinelli pide a gobiernos extranjeros no financiar a candidatos de oposición"</a>. La Prensa (Panamá). 17 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Martinelli+pide+a+gobiernos+extranjeros+no+financiar+a+candidatos+de+oposici%C3%B3n&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Fuhora%2Flocales%2Fmartinelli-candidatos-gobiernos-extranjeros%2F293460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Presidencia-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Presidencia_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/5353-Martinelli-acusa-a-Maduro-de-financiar-campana-de-Navarro-">"Martinelli acusa a Maduro de financiar campaña de Navarro"</a>. Presidencia de Panamá. 18 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Martinelli+acusa+a+Maduro+de+financiar+campa%C3%B1a+de+Navarro&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidencia.gob.pa%2F5353-Martinelli-acusa-a-Maduro-de-financiar-campana-de-Navarro-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa.com/uhora/locales/jornada-electoral-de-venezolanos-en-panama-se-desarrolla-con-normalidad/128918">"Jornada electoral de venezolanos en Panamá se desarrolla con normalidad"</a>. La Prensa (Panamá). 7 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jornada+electoral+de+venezolanos+en+Panam%C3%A1+se+desarrolla+con+normalidad&rft.date=2012-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa.com%2Fuhora%2Flocales%2Fjornada-electoral-de-venezolanos-en-panama-se-desarrolla-con-normalidad%2F128918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Venezolanos-residentes-Panama-convocan-pacifica_0_679432287.html">"Venezolanos residentes en Panamá convocan a protesta pacífica"</a>. Telemetro Panamá. 15 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezolanos+residentes+en+Panam%C3%A1+convocan+a+protesta+pac%C3%ADfica&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FVenezolanos-residentes-Panama-convocan-pacifica_0_679432287.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Venezolanos-SOS-humano-Cinta-Costera_0_673133137.html">"Venezolanos forman SOS humano en la Cinta Costera"</a>. Telemetro Panamá. 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezolanos+forman+SOS+humano+en+la+Cinta+Costera&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FVenezolanos-SOS-humano-Cinta-Costera_0_673133137.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Venezolanos-Panama-realizaron-Pancartazo_0_677332818.html">"Venezolanos en Panamá realizaron "Pancartazo" en contra de Maduro"</a>. Telemetro Panamá. 8 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezolanos+en+Panam%C3%A1+realizaron+%22Pancartazo%22+en+contra+de+Maduro&rft.date=2014-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FVenezolanos-Panama-realizaron-Pancartazo_0_677332818.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Venezolanos-Panama-preocupados-conflicto-diplomatico_3_676762357.html">"Venezolanos en Panamá preocupados por conflicto diplomático"</a>. Telemetro Panamá. 6 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezolanos+en+Panam%C3%A1+preocupados+por+conflicto+diplom%C3%A1tico&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FVenezolanos-Panama-preocupados-conflicto-diplomatico_3_676762357.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Venezolanos-Panama-protestan-injerencia-Cuba_0_680032592.html">"Venezolanos en Panamá protestan contra la injerencia de Cuba en su país"</a>. Telemetro Panamá. 17 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezolanos+en+Panam%C3%A1+protestan+contra+la+injerencia+de+Cuba+en+su+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FVenezolanos-Panama-protestan-injerencia-Cuba_0_680032592.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telemetro.com/nacionales/Venezolanos-entregan-carta-gobierno-panameno_0_677033248.html">"Venezolanos entregan carta de apoyo al gobierno panameño"</a>. Telemetro Panamá. 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezolanos+entregan+carta+de+apoyo+al+gobierno+paname%C3%B1o&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemetro.com%2Fnacionales%2FVenezolanos-entregan-carta-gobierno-panameno_0_677033248.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/5330-Venezolanos-envian-carta-en-solidaridad-al-presidente-Martinelli">"Venezolanos envían carta en solidaridad al presidente Martinelli"</a>. Presidencia de Panamá. 10 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezolanos+env%C3%ADan+carta+en+solidaridad+al+presidente+Martinelli&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidencia.gob.pa%2F5330-Venezolanos-envian-carta-en-solidaridad-al-presidente-Martinelli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanoticias.com/content/venezual_panama_consulado/1918035.html">"Panamá y Venezuela reabrirán consulados"</a>. 19 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Panam%C3%A1+y+Venezuela+reabrir%C3%A1n+consulados&rft.date=2014-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanoticias.com%2Fcontent%2Fvenezual_panama_consulado%2F1918035.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5guYU-_1X44hFA-WnFeB-51FseQCw?docId=2323346">"Panamá anuncia que reabrirá esta semana secciones consulares en Venezuela"</a>. 21 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Panam%C3%A1+anuncia+que+reabrir%C3%A1+esta+semana+secciones+consulares+en+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fepa%2Farticle%2FALeqM5guYU-_1X44hFA-WnFeB-51FseQCw%3FdocId%3D2323346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prensa-latina_2-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prensa-latina_2_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&idioma=1&id=2759201&Itemid=1">"Varela ratifica restablecimiento relaciones de Panamá con Venezuela"</a>. 5 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Varela+ratifica+restablecimiento+relaciones+de+Panam%C3%A1+con+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prensa-latina.cu%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26idioma%3D1%26id%3D2759201%26Itemid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5iekdOtcCWTonPh00AkWTC5gHjjWA?docId=2263567">"Parlatino ofrece su mediación para superar la ruptura de Venezuela con Panamá"</a>. Europa Press. 12 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Parlatino+ofrece+su+mediaci%C3%B3n+para+superar+la+ruptura+de+Venezuela+con+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fepa%2Farticle%2FALeqM5iekdOtcCWTonPh00AkWTC5gHjjWA%3FdocId%3D2263567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN1-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN1_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN1_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2014/03/06/cuba-y-bolivia-apoyan-a-maduro-en-ruptura-de-relaciones-con-panama/">"Cuba y Bolivia apoyan a Maduro en ruptura de relaciones con Panamá"</a>. CNN en Español. 6 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cuba+y+Bolivia+apoyan+a+Maduro+en+ruptura+de+relaciones+con+Panam%C3%A1&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnespanol.cnn.com%2F2014%2F03%2F06%2Fcuba-y-bolivia-apoyan-a-maduro-en-ruptura-de-relaciones-con-panama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvn-2.com/noticias/noticias_detalle.asp?id=133078">"Costa Rica a cargo de consulado panameño en Venezuela"</a>. TVN Noticias. 6 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Costa+Rica+a+cargo+de+consulado+paname%C3%B1o+en+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvn-2.com%2Fnoticias%2Fnoticias_detalle.asp%3Fid%3D133078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teletica.com/Noticias/45886-Costa-Rica-custodiara-archivos-y-edificio-consular-de-Panama-en-Venezuela.note.aspx">"Costa Rica custodiará archivos y edificio consular de Panamá en Venezuela"</a>. Teletica. 10 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Costa+Rica+custodiar%C3%A1+archivos+y+edificio+consular+de+Panam%C3%A1+en+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teletica.com%2FNoticias%2F45886-Costa-Rica-custodiara-archivos-y-edificio-consular-de-Panama-en-Venezuela.note.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entornointeligente.com/articulo/2164683/VENEZUELA-Guatemala-lamenta-ruptura-de-relaciones-entre-Panama-y-Venezuela-">"Guatemala lamenta ruptura de relaciones entre Panamá y Venezuela"</a>. Entorno Inteligente. 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Guatemala+lamenta+ruptura+de+relaciones+entre+Panam%C3%A1+y+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.entornointeligente.com%2Farticulo%2F2164683%2FVENEZUELA-Guatemala-lamenta-ruptura-de-relaciones-entre-Panama-y-Venezuela-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela+diplomatic+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <div><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Venezuela_romper%C3%A1_relaciones_bilaterales_con_Panam%C3%A1" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Venezuela romperá relaciones bilaterales con Panamá"> Venezuela romperá relaciones bilaterales con Panamá</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_y_Venezuela_restablecen_relaciones_diplom%C3%A1ticas" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Panamá y Venezuela restablecen relaciones diplomáticas">Panamá y Venezuela restablecen relaciones diplomáticas</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="2018 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis">2018 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crisis_in_Venezuela" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Template:Crisis in Venezuela"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Template talk:Crisis in Venezuela"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crisis in Venezuela"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crisis_in_Venezuela" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">Crisis in Venezuela</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Protests against Nicolás Maduro">Protests against Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Venezuela_(1999%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Venezuela (1999–present)">History of Venezuela (1999–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%93present_economic_crisis_in_Venezuela" title="2013–present economic crisis in Venezuela">Economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_missions" title="Bolivarian missions">Bolivarian missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarianism" title="Bolivarianism">Bolivarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Venezuela" title="Censorship in Venezuela">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Venezuela#Crimes_against_humanity" title="Human rights in Venezuela">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Venezuela#Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Corruption in Venezuela">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_defection" title="Venezuelan crisis defection">Defections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_bol%C3%ADvar" title="Venezuelan bolívar">Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_administration" title="Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro administration">Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Energy crisis in Venezuela">Energy crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zulia_energy_collapse" title="Zulia energy collapse">Zulia energy collapse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Venezuela_(1999%E2%80%93present)#From_2009:_Term_limits_eliminated_and_human_rights_abuses" title="History of Venezuela (1999–present)">Human rights abuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_Venezuela" title="Hyperinflation in Venezuela">Hyperinflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Venezuela" title="Illegal drug trade in Venezuela">Illegal drug trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis">Internationa sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._sanctions_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" title="U.S. sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis">U.S. sanctions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interventions_of_political_parties_in_Venezuela" title="Interventions of political parties in Venezuela">Interventions of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" title="Negotiations during the Venezuelan crisis">Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="Venezuelan refugee crisis">Refugee crisis and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_in_Venezuela" title="Shortages in Venezuela">Resource shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_protector" title="State protector">State protectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Venezuela and state-sponsored terrorism">State-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_emergency_in_Venezuela" title="States of emergency in Venezuela">States of emergency in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catatumbo_campaign" title="Catatumbo campaign">Catatumbo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemon_conflict" title="Pemon conflict">Pemon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Colombia%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="2010 Colombia–Venezuela diplomatic crisis">Colombian diplomatic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Brito" title="Franklin Brito">Death of Franklin Brito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDVAL_affair" title="PDVAL affair">PDVAL affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election">Parliamentary election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/III_National_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="III National Assembly of Venezuela">III National Assembly of Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amuay_tragedy" title="Amuay tragedy">Amuay tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2012 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Venezuelan_regional_elections" title="2012 Venezuelan regional elections">Regional elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">Death of Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2013 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakazo" title="Dakazo">Dakazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Venezuelan_municipal_elections" title="2013 Venezuelan municipal elections">Municipal elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Salida" title="La Salida">La Salida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="2014 Venezuelan protests">2014 protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2014 Venezuelan protests">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_L%C3%B3pez#Imprisonment" title="Leopoldo López">Detention of Leopoldo López</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panama diplomatic crisis (1st)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_Defense_of_Human_Rights_and_Civil_Society_Act_of_2014" title="Venezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014">Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ledezma" title="Antonio Ledezma">Detention of Antonio Ledezma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Colombia%E2%80%93Venezuela_migrant_crisis" title="2015 Colombia–Venezuela migrant crisis">Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_8610" title="Resolution 8610">Resolution 8610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2015_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2015 Venezuelan protests">2015 protests (timeline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcosobrinos_affair" title="Narcosobrinos affair">Narcosobrinos affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election">Parliamentary election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IV_National_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="IV National Assembly of Venezuela">IV National Assembly of Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Tumeremo_massacre" title="2016 Tumeremo massacre">Tumeremo massacre (first)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Venezuelan_recall_referendum_project" title="2016 Venezuelan recall referendum project">Recall referendum movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2016 Venezuelan protests">2016 protests (timeline)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilber_Caro#2017_incarceration" title="Gilber Caro">Detention of Gilber Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_constitutional_crisis" title="2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis">Constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_of_All_Marches" title="Mother of All Marches">Mother of All Marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracas_helicopter_incident" title="Caracas helicopter incident">Caracas helicopter incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_referendum" title="2017 Venezuelan referendum">Referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_National_Assembly_attack" title="2017 Venezuelan National Assembly attack">National Assembly attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election">Constituent Assembly election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_2017_National_Constituent_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="Members of the 2017 National Constituent Assembly of Venezuela">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_regional_elections" title="2017 Venezuelan regional elections">Regional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_municipal_elections" title="2017 Venezuelan municipal elections">Municipal elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Fort_Paramacay" title="Attack on Fort Paramacay">Attack on Fort Paramacay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_Garc%C3%ADa_(politician)" title="Carlos Andrés García (politician)">Death of Carlos Andrés García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_against_Hatred" title="Law against Hatred">Law against Hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_protests" title="2017 Venezuelan protests">2017 protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2017_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2017 Venezuelan protests">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Junquito_raid" title="El Junquito raid">El Junquito raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Nicolás Maduro presidential campaign">Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Valencia,_Venezuela_fire" title="2018 Valencia, Venezuela fire">Valencia fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="2018 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis">Panama diplomatic crisis (2nd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2018 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Para%C3%ADso_stampede" title="El Paraíso stampede">El Paraíso stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracas_drone_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Caracas drone attack">Caracas drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Juan_Requesens" title="Detention of Juan Requesens">Detention of Juan Requesens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viernes_Rojo" title="Viernes Rojo">Economic reforms and <i>Viernes Rojo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Alb%C3%A1n" title="Fernando Albán">Murder of Fernando Albán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2018_Tumeremo_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2018 Tumeremo massacre">Tumeremo massacre (third)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2018_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2018 Venezuelan protests">2018 protests (timeline)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Second inauguration of Nicolás Maduro">Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_TPS_Act_of_2019" title="Venezuela TPS Act of 2019">Venezuela TPS Act of 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Plan País">Plan País</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_shipping_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Venezuela" title="2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela">Humanitarian aid mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_Amnesty_Law" title="2019 Venezuelan Amnesty Law">Amnesty Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_Aid_Live" title="Venezuela Aid Live">Venezuela Aid Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_Governing_the_Transition_to_Democracy" title="Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy">Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AD_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="Alí Domínguez">Murder of Alí Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_blackouts" title="2019 Venezuelan blackouts">Widespread blackouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Marrero" title="Roberto Marrero">Detention of Roberto Marrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilber_Caro#2019_detention_and_disappearance" title="Gilber Caro">Disappearance of Gilber Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_uprising_attempt" title="2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt">30 April uprising attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarigua_prison_riot" title="Acarigua prison riot">Acarigua prison riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Acosta_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Rafael Acosta Arévalo">Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_Rufo_Chac%C3%B3n" title="Attack of Rufo Chacón">Attack of Rufo Chacón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Juan Carlos Márquez">Death of Juan Carlos Márquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmundo_Rada" title="Edmundo Rada">Murder of Edmundo Rada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Alacr%C3%A1n" title="Operación Alacrán">Operación Alacrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_protests" title="2019 Venezuelan protests">2019 protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2019 Venezuelan protests">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Venezuelan_National_Assembly_Delegated_Committee_election" title="2020 Venezuelan National Assembly Delegated Committee election">National Assembly leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addy_Valero" title="Addy Valero">Death of Addy Valero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Cagua_fire" title="2020 Cagua fire">Cagua fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Barquisimeto_shooting" title="2020 Barquisimeto shooting">Barquisimeto shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanare_prison_riot" title="Guanare prison riot">Guanare prison riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gideon_(2020)" title="Operation Gideon (2020)">Operation Gideon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_El_Palito_oil_spill" title="2020 El Palito oil spill">El Palito oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Saab" title="Alex Saab">Detention of Alex Saab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election">Parliamentary election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V_National_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="V National Assembly of Venezuela">V National Assembly of Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Vega_raid" title="La Vega raid">La Vega raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Apure_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Apure clashes">Apure clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Arauca_clashes" title="2022 Arauca clashes">Arauca clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Venezuelan_recall_referendum_project" title="2022 Venezuelan recall referendum project">Recall referendum project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Solidarity_Law" title="Anti-Solidarity Law">Anti-Solidarity Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_Agreement" title="Barbados Agreement">Barbados Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Unitary_Platform_presidential_primaries" title="2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries">Unitary Platform presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Venezuelan_referendum" title="2023 Venezuelan referendum">Referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis">Guyana–Venezuela crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_El_Palito_oil_spill" title="2023 El Palito oil spill">El Palito oil spill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Roc%C3%ADo_San_Miguel" title="Detention of Rocío San Miguel">Detention of Rocío San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_against_Fascism,_Neofascism_and_Similar_Expressions" title="Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions">Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Loca_mine_disaster" title="Bulla Loca mine disaster">Bulla Loca mine disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2024 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2024_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="International reactions to the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election">international reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_protests" title="2024 Venezuelan protests">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_political_crisis" title="2024 Venezuelan political crisis">political crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_blackouts" title="2024 Venezuelan blackouts">Widespread blackouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Argentine_Embassy_and_ambassador%27s_residence_in_Venezuela" title="Siege of the Argentine Embassy and ambassador's residence in Venezuela">Argentine embassy siege</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deaths during protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassil_Da_Costa" title="Bassil Da Costa">Bassil Da Costa</a></li> <li>Robert Redman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nesis_Carmona" title="Génesis Carmona">Génesis Carmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldin_Moreno" title="Geraldin Moreno">Geraldin Moreno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Kluivert_Roa" title="Murder of Kluivert Roa">Kluivert Roa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paola_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Killing of Paola Ramírez">Paola Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Pernalete" title="Juan Pablo Pernalete">Juan Pablo Pernalete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Armando_Ca%C3%B1izales" title="Killing of Armando Cañizales">Armando Cañizales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miguel_Castillo" title="Killing of Miguel Castillo">Miguel Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pa%C3%BAl_Moreno" title="Killing of Paúl Moreno">Paúl Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Figuera" title="Orlando Figuera">Orlando Figuera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomar_Lander" title="Neomar Lander">Neomar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Fabi%C3%A1n_Urbina" title="Killing of Fabián Urbina">Fabián Urbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_Vallenilla" title="Killing of David Vallenilla">David Vallenilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Xiomara_Scott" title="Killing of Xiomara Scott">Xiomara Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Maduro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ameliach" title="Francisco Ameliach">F. Ameliach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Cabello" title="Diosdado Cabello">D. Cabello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A1n_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Adán Chávez">A. Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareck_El_Aissami" title="Tareck El Aissami">T. El Aissami</a> <ul><li>arrested in 2024</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Escarr%C3%A1" title="Hermann Escarrá">H. Escarrá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarek_William_Saab" title="Tarek William Saab">T. W. Saab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilia_Flores" title="Cilia Flores">C. Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3bulo_Ist%C3%BAriz" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristóbulo Istúriz">A. Istúriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Jaua" title="Elías Jaua">E. Jaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibisay_Lucena" title="Tibisay Lucena">T. Lucena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Alfonzo" title="Indira Alfonzo">I. Alfonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_Guerra" title="Nicolás Maduro Guerra">N. Maduro Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mata_Figueroa" title="Carlos Mata Figueroa">C. Mata Figueroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Mel%C3%A9ndez" title="Carmen Meléndez">C. Meléndez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADver_Alcal%C3%A1_Cordones" title="Clíver Alcalá Cordones">C. Alcalá Cordones</a> <ul><li>until 2013</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Ortega_D%C3%ADaz" title="Luisa Ortega Díaz">L. Ortega Díaz</a> <ul><li>until 2017</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Padrino_L%C3%B3pez" title="Vladimir Padrino López">V. Padrino López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Ram%C3%ADrez_(politician)" title="Rafael Ramírez (politician)">R. Ramírez</a> <ul><li>until 2018</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Parra" title="Luis Parra">L. Parra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rangel_Silva" title="Henry Rangel Silva">H. Rangel Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delcy_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Delcy Rodríguez">D. Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(Venezuelan_politician)" title="Jorge Rodríguez (Venezuelan politician)">J. Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Arreaza" title="Jorge Arreaza">J. Arreaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa%C3%ADas_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Isaías Rodríguez">I. Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarek_William_Saab" title="Tarek William Saab">T. W. Saab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Varela" title="Iris Varela">I. Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo_Vivas" title="Darío Vivas">D. Vivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Amoroso" title="Elvis Amoroso">E. Amoroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladimir_Lugo" title="Bladimir Lugo">B. Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cristopher_Figuera" title="Manuel Cristopher Figuera">M. C. Figuera</a> <ul><li>until 2019</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erika_Far%C3%ADas" title="Erika Farías">E. Farías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddy_Bernal" title="Freddy Bernal">F. Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Alfonzo" title="Indira Alfonzo">I. Alfonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yv%C3%A1n_Gil" title="Yván Gil">Y. Gil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Maduro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Alberto_P%C3%A9rez" title="Óscar Alberto Pérez">Óscar Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADver_Alcal%C3%A1_Cordones" title="Clíver Alcalá Cordones">C. Alcalá Cordones</a> <ul><li>since 2013</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Borges" title="Julio Borges">J. Borges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Ortega_D%C3%ADaz" title="Luisa Ortega Díaz">L. Ortega Díaz</a> <ul><li>since 2017</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Ram%C3%ADrez_(politician)" title="Rafael Ramírez (politician)">Rafael Ramírez</a> <ul><li>since 2018</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado" title="María Corina Machado">María Corina Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Capriles" title="Henrique Capriles">H. Capriles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Henri Falcón">H. Falcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Adri%C3%A1n" title="Tamara Adrián">Adrián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Arria" title="Diego Arria">Arria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Guillermo_Aveledo" title="Ramón Guillermo Aveledo">Aveledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilber_Caro" title="Gilber Caro">Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddy_Guevara" title="Freddy Guevara">F. Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ledezma" title="Antonio Ledezma">A. Ledezma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Leopoldo López">L. López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmit_Mantilla" title="Rosmit Mantilla">Mantilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Mendoza" title="Enrique Mendoza">Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_P%C3%A9rez_%C3%81lvarez" title="Pablo Pérez Álvarez">Pérez Álvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_P%C3%A9rez_Vivas" title="César Pérez Vivas">Pérez Vivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ramos_Allup" title="Henry Ramos Allup">Ramos Allup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Requesens" title="Juan Requesens">J. Requesens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafaela_Requesens" title="Rafaela Requesens">R. Requesens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabiana_Rosales" title="Fabiana Rosales">F. Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rosales" title="Manuel Rosales">M. Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Salas_Feo" title="Henrique Salas Feo">H. Salas Feo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicencio_Scarano_Spisso" title="Vicencio Scarano Spisso">V. S. Scarano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Tintori" title="Lilian Tintori">L. Tintori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Torrealba" title="Jesús Torrealba">J. Torrealba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Vel%C3%A1squez" title="Andrés Velásquez">A. Velásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Silva_Silva" title="José Luis Silva Silva">J. L. Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cristopher_Figuera" title="Manuel Cristopher Figuera">M. C. Figuera</a> <ul><li>since 2019</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delsa_Sol%C3%B3rzano" title="Delsa Solórzano">D. Solórzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Barboza" title="Omar Barboza">O. Barboza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JJ_Rend%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="JJ Rendón">J. J. Rendón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Guanipa" title="Juan Pablo Guanipa">J. P. Guanipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Guanipa" title="Tomás Guanipa">T. Guanipa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Maduro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas</a></li> <li>Political parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Patriotic_Pole" title="Great Patriotic Pole">Great Patriotic Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_of_Venezuela" title="United Socialist Party of Venezuela">United Socialist Party of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Social_Democracy" title="For Social Democracy">PODEMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Electoral_Movement_(Venezuela)" title="People's Electoral Movement (Venezuela)">People's Electoral Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media outlets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencia_Venezolana_de_Noticias" title="Agencia Venezolana de Noticias">Agencia Venezolana de Noticias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur">Telesur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">Venezolana de Televisión</a></li></ul></li> <li>State organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Tribunal_of_Justice_(Venezuela)" title="Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Venezuela)">Supreme Tribunal of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Electoral_Council_(Venezuela)" title="National Electoral Council (Venezuela)">National Electoral Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Constituent_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Constituent National Assembly">Constituent National Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Intelligence Service">Bolivarian Intelligence Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian National Guard">Bolivarian National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Barrio_Adentro" title="Mission Barrio Adentro">Mission Barrio Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Committees_for_Supply_and_Production" title="Local Committees for Supply and Production">Local Committees for Supply and Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_card" title="Homeland card">Carnet de la Patria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colectivo_(Venezuela)" title="Colectivo (Venezuela)">Colectivos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Maduro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li>Political parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unity_Roundtable" title="Democratic Unity Roundtable">Democratic Unity Roundtable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Will" title="Popular Will">Popular Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_First" title="Justice First">Justice First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_(Venezuela)" title="Democratic Action (Venezuela)">Democratic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_New_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="A New Era">Un Nuevo Tiempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Come Venezuela">Come Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copei" title="Copei">Copei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Socialism_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for Socialism (Venezuela)">Movimiento al Socialismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Advance" title="Progressive Advance">Progressive Advance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_for_Change" title="Agreement for Change">Agreement for Change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Venezuela)">National Assembly (majority)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitolio_TV" title="Capitolio TV">Capitolio TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Venezuela" title="Enforced disappearances in Venezuela">Enforced disappearances in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaire_miners" title="Guaire miners">Guaire miners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Venezuela" title="Human rights in Venezuela">Human rights in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Venezuela" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Venezuela">International Criminal Court investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinoco_Mining_Arc" title="Orinoco Mining Arc">Orinoco Mining Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrera" title="Perrera">Perrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_prisoners_in_Venezuela" title="Political prisoners in Venezuela">Political prisoners in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolving_door_effect" title="Revolving door effect">Revolving door effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Venezuela" title="Torture in Venezuela">Torture in Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_(2023_film)" title="Simón (2023 film)">Simón</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution_in_film" title="Bolivarian Revolution in film">Bolivarian Revolution in film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Panama&#124;link=Panama_Foreign_relations_of_Panama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Panama" title="Template:Foreign relations of Panama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Panama" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Panama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Panama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Panama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Panama&#124;link=Panama_Foreign_relations_of_Panama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Panama" title="Foreign relations of Panama">Foreign relations of Panama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic_relations" title="Panama–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Canada–Panama relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Colombia–Panama relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Costa Rica–Panama relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Mexico–Panama relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Panama–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Panama–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Panama–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Panama–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Bangladesh–Panama relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="China–Panama relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="India–Panama relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Indonesia–Panama relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Israel–Panama relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Panama–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Panama–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Panama–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Panama–Spain relations">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Panama" title="List of diplomatic missions of Panama">Diplomatic missions of Panama</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Panama" title="List of diplomatic missions in Panama">in Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Panama)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Panama)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Venezuela&#124;link=Venezuela_Foreign_relations_of_Venezuela" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Venezuela" title="Template:Foreign relations of Venezuela"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Venezuela" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Venezuela"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Venezuela" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Venezuela"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Venezuela&#124;link=Venezuela_Foreign_relations_of_Venezuela" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Venezuela" title="Foreign relations of Venezuela">Foreign relations of Venezuela</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–Venezuela relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Kenya–Venezuela relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–Venezuela relations">Sahrawi Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Venezuela"><img alt="Coat of arms of Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–Venezuela relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Argentina–Venezuela relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Belize–Venezuela relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Bolivia–Venezuela relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Brazil–Venezuela relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Canada–Venezuela relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Chile–Venezuela relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Colombia–Venezuela relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Cuba–Venezuela relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Ecuador–Venezuela relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="El Salvador–Venezuela relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Guatemala–Venezuela relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Guyana–Venezuela relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Haiti–Venezuela relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Jamaica–Venezuela relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Mexico–Venezuela relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Panama–Venezuela relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Paraguay–Venezuela relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Peru–Venezuela relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Suriname–Venezuela relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Trinidad and Tobago–Venezuela relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United States–Venezuela relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Uruguay–Venezuela relations">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Abkhazia–Venezuela relations">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Venezuela relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Bangladesh–Venezuela relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="China–Venezuela relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="India–Venezuela relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Indonesia–Venezuela relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Iran–Venezuela relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Israel–Venezuela relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Japan–Venezuela relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Malaysia–Venezuela relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Myanmar–Venezuela relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="North Korea–Venezuela relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Palestine–Venezuela relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Philippines–Venezuela relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="South Ossetia–Venezuela relations">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="South Korea–Venezuela relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Syria–Venezuela relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Taiwan–Venezuela relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Turkey–Venezuela relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Venezuela–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Belarus–Venezuela relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Denmark–Venezuela relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="France–Venezuela relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Germany–Venezuela relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Greece–Venezuela relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Holy See–Venezuela relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Italy–Venezuela relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Kosovo–Venezuela relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Netherlands–Venezuela relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Poland–Venezuela relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Portugal–Venezuela relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Russia–Venezuela relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Serbia–Venezuela relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Spain–Venezuela relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Sweden–Venezuela relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Ukraine–Venezuela relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United Kingdom–Venezuela relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Venezuela–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Alliance_for_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocaribe" title="Petrocaribe">Petrocaribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Venezuela" title="List of diplomatic missions of Venezuela">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Venezuela" title="List of diplomatic missions in Venezuela">in Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">Guayana Esequiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Hugo Chávez administration">Foreign policy of the Hugo Chávez administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betancourt_Doctrine" title="Betancourt Doctrine">Betancourt Doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Venezuela" title="List of ministers of foreign affairs of Venezuela">List of ministers of foreign affairs of Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama–Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&oldid=1250197490">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama–Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&oldid=1250197490</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Category:Crisis in Venezuela">Crisis in Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="Category:2014 Venezuelan protests">2014 Venezuelan protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_international_relations" title="Category:2014 in international relations">2014 in international relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Category:Panama–Venezuela relations">Panama–Venezuela relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_Venezuela" title="Category:2014 in Venezuela">2014 in Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_Panama" title="Category:2014 in Panama">2014 in Panama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Diplomatic_crises_of_the_21st_century" title="Category:Diplomatic crises of the 21st century">Diplomatic crises of the 21st century</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing title">CS1 errors: missing title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: bare URL">CS1 errors: bare URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2024">Articles with dead external links from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 October 2024, at 01:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-v4897","wgBackendResponseTime":133,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.932","walltime":"1.193","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6243,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":302449,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8059,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":296814,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 957.079 1 -total"," 48.13% 460.679 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.23% 203.235 26 Template:Cite_web"," 19.20% 183.749 46 Template:Cite_news"," 17.96% 171.886 1 Template:Infobox_civil_conflict"," 12.39% 118.581 8 Template:Navbox"," 10.49% 100.407 1 Template:Bolivarian_Venezuela_Crisis"," 4.79% 45.829 2 Template:Fix"," 4.57% 43.705 1 Template:Cn"," 4.54% 43.422 1 Template:Wikinews"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.534","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6574606,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-6696b4cc84-n78wn","timestamp":"20241124032629","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"2014 Panama\u2013Venezuela diplomatic crisis","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15993860","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15993860","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2024-10-06T19:13:39Z","dateModified":"2024-10-09T01:16:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cb\/Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>