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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_meeting_in_Davos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Annual meeting in Davos </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_meeting_in_Davos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individual_participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Individual participants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Corporate participants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summer_annual_meeting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summer_annual_meeting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Summer annual meeting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summer_annual_meeting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Regional meetings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Young_Global_Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Young_Global_Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Young Global Leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Young_Global_Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_entrepreneurs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_entrepreneurs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Social entrepreneurs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_entrepreneurs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Research reports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.1 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.2 Society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.3 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coronavirus_and_green_recovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coronavirus_and_green_recovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.3.1 Coronavirus and green recovery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coronavirus_and_green_recovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_Shapers_Community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Shapers_Community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Global Shapers Community </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_Shapers_Community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Great_Reset" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Reset"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 The Great Reset </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Reset-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Physical protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growing_gaps_in_wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growing_gaps_in_wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Growing gaps in wealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growing_gaps_in_wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation_of_a_detached_elite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_of_a_detached_elite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Formation of a detached elite </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_of_a_detached_elite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_cost_of_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_cost_of_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Public cost of security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_cost_of_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Gender debate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Workplace_discrimination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Workplace_discrimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Workplace discrimination </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Workplace_discrimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undemocratic_decision_making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undemocratic_decision_making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Undemocratic decision making </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undemocratic_decision_making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lack_of_financial_transparency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lack_of_financial_transparency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Lack of financial transparency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lack_of_financial_transparency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unclear_selection_criteria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unclear_selection_criteria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Unclear selection criteria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unclear_selection_criteria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_footprint_of_annual_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_footprint_of_annual_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Environmental footprint of annual meetings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_footprint_of_annual_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_capture_of_global_and_democratic_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_capture_of_global_and_democratic_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 Corporate capture of global and democratic institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_capture_of_global_and_democratic_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-accreditation_of_critical_media_outlets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-accreditation_of_critical_media_outlets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 Non-accreditation of critical media outlets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-accreditation_of_critical_media_outlets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutional_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutional_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.13 Institutional initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutional_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appropriation_of_global_crises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appropriation_of_global_crises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.14 Appropriation of global crises </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appropriation_of_global_crises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Davos_municipality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Davos_municipality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Davos municipality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Davos_municipality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_of_"Davos"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_of_"Davos""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Usage of "Davos" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_of_"Davos"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Alternatives </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alternatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Alternatives subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Alternatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Open_Forum_Davos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_Forum_Davos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Open Forum Davos </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_Forum_Davos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_Eye_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_Eye_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Public Eye Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_Eye_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 General and cited references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">World Economic Forum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" > 73 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%AAreld-_Ekonomiese_Forum" title="Wêreld- Ekonomiese Forum – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wêreld- Ekonomiese Forum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltwirtschaftsforum" title="Weltwirtschaftsforum – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Weltwirtschaftsforum" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A" title="المنتدى الاقتصادي العالمي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المنتدى الاقتصادي العالمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_%C4%B0qtisadi_Forumu" title="Dünya İqtisadi Forumu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dünya İqtisadi Forumu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88" title="دونیا ایقتیصاد اوتورومو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دونیا ایقتیصاد اوتورومو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia_S%C9%94r%C9%94ko_Forobak%C9%9Bn%C9%9B" title="Dunia Sɔrɔko Forobakɛnɛ – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dunia Sɔrɔko Forobakɛnɛ" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="বিশ্ব অর্থনৈতিক ফোরাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্ব অর্থনৈতিক ফোরাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сусветны эканамічны форум – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сусветны эканамічны форум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сусьветны эканамічны форум – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сусьветны эканамічны форум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Световен икономически форум – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Световен икономически форум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2rum_Econ%C3%B2mic_Mundial" title="Fòrum Econòmic Mundial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fòrum Econòmic Mundial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A9_ekonomick%C3%A9_f%C3%B3rum" title="Světové ekonomické fórum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Světové ekonomické fórum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fforwm_Economaidd_y_Byd" title="Fforwm Economaidd y Byd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fforwm Economaidd y Byd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="World Economic Forum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltwirtschaftsforum" title="Weltwirtschaftsforum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weltwirtschaftsforum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailma_Majandusfoorum" title="Maailma Majandusfoorum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maailma Majandusfoorum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A6%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC" title="Παγκόσμιο Οικονομικό Φόρουμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παγκόσμιο Οικονομικό Φόρουμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_Econ%C3%B3mico_Mundial" title="Foro Económico Mundial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Foro Económico Mundial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monda_Ekonomia_Forumo" title="Monda Ekonomia Forumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monda Ekonomia Forumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munduko_Ekonomia_Foroa" title="Munduko Ekonomia Foroa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Munduko Ekonomia Foroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مجمع جهانی اقتصاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجمع جهانی اقتصاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_%C3%A9conomique_mondial" title="Forum économique mondial – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forum économique mondial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="World Economic Forum" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5_%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9A" title="વિશ્વ આર્થિક મંચ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિશ્વ આર્થિક મંચ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%8F%AC%EB%9F%BC" title="세계 경제 포럼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세계 경제 포럼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Համաշխարհային տնտեսական ֆորում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համաշխարհային տնտեսական ֆորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A" title="विश्व आर्थिक मंच – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विश्व आर्थिक मंच" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svjetski_ekonomski_forum" title="Svjetski ekonomski forum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svjetski ekonomski forum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Ekonomi_Dunia" title="Forum Ekonomi Dunia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Forum Ekonomi Dunia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimsvi%C3%B0skiptar%C3%A1%C3%B0stefnan_%C3%AD_Davos" title="Heimsviðskiptaráðstefnan í Davos – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heimsviðskiptaráðstefnan í Davos" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_economico_mondiale" title="Forum economico mondiale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forum economico mondiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99" title="הפורום הכלכלי העולמי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפורום הכלכלי העולמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ವಿಶ್ವ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ವೇದಿಕೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ವೇದಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მსოფლიო ეკონომიკური ფორუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მსოფლიო ეკონომიკური ფორუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Бүкіләлемдік экономикалық форум – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бүкіләлемдік экономикалық форум" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%BBma_Abor%C3%AE_ya_Cihan%C3%AA" title="Forûma Aborî ya Cihanê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Forûma Aborî ya Cihanê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Oeconomicum_Mundiale" title="Forum Oeconomicum Mundiale – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Forum Oeconomicum Mundiale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaules_Ekonomikas_forums" title="Pasaules Ekonomikas forums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pasaules Ekonomikas forums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaulio_Ekonomikos_Forumas" title="Pasaulio Ekonomikos Forumas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pasaulio Ekonomikos Forumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_Economial_Mundial" title="Foro Economial Mundial – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Foro Economial Mundial" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%C3%A1ggazdas%C3%A1gi_F%C3%B3rum" title="Világgazdasági Fórum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Világgazdasági Fórum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Светски економски форум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Светски економски форум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Ekonomi_Dunia" title="Forum Ekonomi Dunia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Forum Ekonomi Dunia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Дэлхийн Эдийн Засгийн Форум – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн Эдийн Засгийн Форум" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="World Economic Forum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="विश्व आर्थिक मञ्च – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विश्व आर्थिक मञ्च" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="世界経済フォーラム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="世界経済フォーラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdens_%C3%B8konomiske_forum" title="Verdens økonomiske forum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Verdens økonomiske forum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdas_%C3%B8konomiske_forum" title="Verdas økonomiske forum – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Verdas økonomiske forum" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahon_iqtisodiy_forumi" title="Jahon iqtisodiy forumi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jahon iqtisodiy forumi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiatowe_Forum_Ekonomiczne" title="Światowe Forum Ekonomiczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Światowe Forum Ekonomiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rum_Econ%C3%B3mico_Mundial" title="Fórum Económico Mundial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fórum Económico Mundial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forumul_Economic_Mondial" title="Forumul Economic Mondial – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Forumul Economic Mondial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_economic_mundial" title="Forum economic mundial – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Forum economic mundial" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Всемирный экономический форум – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Всемирный экономический форум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forumi_Ekonomik_Bot%C3%ABror" title="Forumi Ekonomik Botëror – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forumi Ekonomik Botëror" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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53 years ago (1971-01-24)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_non-governmental_organization" title="International non-governmental organization">International NGO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying organisation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(nonprofit)" title="Foundation (nonprofit)">Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Influencing global agendas and decision making, lobbying for public-private cooperation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cologny" title="Cologny">Cologny</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Executive Chairman</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Klaus Schwab</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Brende" title="Børge Brende">Børge Brende</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/">www.weforum.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170418#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">European Management Forum</td></tr></tbody></table> The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an <a href="/wiki/International_non-governmental_organization" title="International non-governmental organization">international advocacy non-governmental organization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Cologny" title="Cologny">Cologny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Canton of Geneva</a>, Switzerland. It was founded on 24 January 1971 by German engineer <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a>. The foundation's stated mission is "improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas".<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The foundation is mostly funded by its 1,000 member <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multi-national companies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The WEF is mostly known for its annual meeting at the end of January in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, a mountain resort in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. The meeting brings together some 3,000 paying members and selected participants – among whom are investors, business leaders, political leaders, <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economists</a>, celebrities and journalists – for up to five days to discuss <a href="/wiki/List_of_global_issues" title="List of global issues">global issues</a> across 500 sessions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Aside from Davos, the organization convenes regional conferences. It produces a series of reports, engages its members in sector-specific initiatives<a href="#cite_note-pigman1-3">[3]</a> and provides a platform for leaders from selected stakeholder groups to collaborate on projects and initiatives.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The World Economic Forum and its annual meeting in Davos have received criticism over the years, including allegations of the organization's corporate capture of global and democratic institutions, institutional whitewashing initiatives, the public cost of security, the organization's tax-exempt status, unclear decision processes and membership criteria, a lack of financial transparency, and the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_footprint" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental footprint">environmental footprint</a> of its annual meetings.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20th_Anniversary_Schwab_Foundation_Gala_Dinner_(43075411050).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/20th_Anniversary_Schwab_Foundation_Gala_Dinner_%2843075411050%29.jpg/220px-20th_Anniversary_Schwab_Foundation_Gala_Dinner_%2843075411050%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/20th_Anniversary_Schwab_Foundation_Gala_Dinner_%2843075411050%29.jpg/330px-20th_Anniversary_Schwab_Foundation_Gala_Dinner_%2843075411050%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/20th_Anniversary_Schwab_Foundation_Gala_Dinner_%2843075411050%29.jpg/440px-20th_Anniversary_Schwab_Foundation_Gala_Dinner_%2843075411050%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a>, founder and executive chairman, World Economic Forum</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1971_Opening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1971_Opening.jpg/220px-1971_Opening.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1971_Opening.jpg/330px-1971_Opening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1971_Opening.jpg/440px-1971_Opening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Professor Klaus Schwab opens the inaugural European Management Forum in Davos in 1971.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpg/220px-Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpg/330px-Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpg/440px-Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> shake hands at the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 1992.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Kissinger_with_former_USSR_leaders_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Henry_Kissinger_with_former_USSR_leaders_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_1992.jpg/220px-Henry_Kissinger_with_former_USSR_leaders_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Henry_Kissinger_with_former_USSR_leaders_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_1992.jpg/330px-Henry_Kissinger_with_former_USSR_leaders_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Henry_Kissinger_with_former_USSR_leaders_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_1992.jpg/440px-Henry_Kissinger_with_former_USSR_leaders_-_WEF_Annual_Meeting_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> with former USSR leaders at the WEF Annual Meeting 1992</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%B8rge_Brende_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/B%C3%B8rge_Brende_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg/220px-B%C3%B8rge_Brende_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/B%C3%B8rge_Brende_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg/330px-B%C3%B8rge_Brende_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/B%C3%B8rge_Brende_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg/440px-B%C3%B8rge_Brende_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Brende" title="Børge Brende">Børge Brende</a>, managing director and current president of the World Economic Forum, at the opening press conference in 2008 in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa</figcaption></figure> The WEF was founded in 1971 by <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a>, a business professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pigman2-5">[5]</a> First named the European Management Forum, it changed its name to the World Economic Forum in 1987 and sought to broaden its vision to include providing a platform for resolving international conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-wef40-6">[6]</a> In February 1971, Schwab invited 450 executives from <a href="/wiki/Western_European" class="mw-redirect" title="Western European">Western European</a> firms to the first European Management Symposium held in the <a href="/wiki/Davos_Congress_Centre" title="Davos Congress Centre">Davos Congress Centre</a> under the patronage of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and European industrial associations, where Schwab sought to introduce European firms to American management practices.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> He then founded the WEF as a nonprofit organization based in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and drew European business leaders to <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a> for the annual meetings each January.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The second European Management Forum in 1972 was the first meeting where a <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> featured as a speaker, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Pierre Werner</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Events in 1973, including the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods</a> fixed-exchange rate mechanism and the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>, saw the annual meeting expand its focus from management to economic and social issues, and, for the first time, political leaders were invited to the annual meeting in January 1974.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Through the forum's first decade, it maintained a playful atmosphere, with many members skiing and participating in evening events. Appraising the 1981 event, one attendee noted that "the forum offers a delightful vacation on the expense account."<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Political leaders soon began to use the annual meeting as venue for promoting their interests. The Davos Declaration was signed in 1988 by <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, helping them turn back from the brink of war. In 1992, South African President <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> met with <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mangosuthu_Buthelezi" title="Mangosuthu Buthelezi">Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi</a> at the annual meeting, their first joint appearance outside South Africa. At the 1994 annual meeting, Israeli Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> reached a draft agreement on <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> After 9/11, the WEF was held in the U.S., in New York City, for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[14]</a> And in January 2003, U.S. Secretary of State Powell went to the forum to drum up sympathy for the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">global war on terrorism</a> and the U.S.'s impending invasion of Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In October 2004, the World Economic Forum gained attention through the resignation of its CEO<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and executive director <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Figueres" title="José María Figueres">José María Figueres</a> over the undeclared receipt of more than US$900,000 in consultancy fees from the French telecommunications firm <a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent" title="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> highlighted this incident in their <a href="/wiki/Global_Corruption_Report" title="Global Corruption Report">Global Corruption Report</a> two years later in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In January 2006, the WEF published an article in its Global Agenda magazine titled "Boycott Israel", which was distributed to all 2,340 participants of the annual meeting.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Following the publication, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a> described the publication as "an unacceptable failure in the editorial process".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In late 2015, the invitation was extended to include a North Korean delegation for the 2016 WEF, "in view of positive signs coming out of the country", the WEF organizers noted. North Korea has not been attending the WEF since 1998. The invitation was accepted.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> However, WEF revoked the invitation on 13 January 2016, after the <a href="/wiki/January_2016_North_Korean_nuclear_test" title="January 2016 North Korean nuclear test">6 January 2016 North Korean nuclear test</a>, and the country's attendance was made subject to "existing and possible forthcoming sanctions".<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Despite protests by <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> calling the decision by the WEF managing board a "sudden and irresponsible" move, the WEF committee maintained the exclusion because "under these circumstances there would be no opportunity for international dialogue".<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In 2017, the WEF in Davos attracted considerable attention when, for the first time, a head of state from the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> was present at the alpine resort. With the backdrop of <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>, an incoming <a href="/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a> US administration and significant pressures on <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade zone">free trade zones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_agreement" title="Trade agreement">trade agreements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> defended the global economic scheme, and portrayed China as a responsible nation and a leader for environmental causes. He sharply rebuked the current populist movements that would introduce tariffs and hinder global commerce, warning that such protectionism could foster isolation and reduced economic opportunity.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 2018, Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> gave the keynote speech, becoming the first head of government from India to deliver the inaugural keynote for the annual plenary at Davos. Modi highlighted <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> (climate change), terrorism and protectionism as the three major global challenges, and expressed confidence that they can be tackled with collective effort.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In 2019, Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> gave the keynote address at the plenary session of the conference. On his first international trip to Davos, he emphasized liberal economic policies despite his populist agenda, and attempted to reassure the world that <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> is a protector of the <a href="/wiki/Rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rain forest">rain forest</a> while utilizing its resources for food production and export. He stated that "his government will seek to better integrate Brazil into the world by mainstreaming international best practices, such as those adopted and promoted by the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Environmental concerns like extreme weather events, and the failure of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">climate change mitigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">adaptation</a> were among the top-ranking global risks expressed by WEF attendees.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> On June 13, 2019, the WEF and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> signed a "Strategic Partnership Framework" in order to "jointly accelerate the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/2030_Agenda_for_Sustainable_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development">2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a>."<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The 2021 World Economic Forum was due to be held from 17 to 20 August in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> However, on 17 May the Forum was cancelled; with a new meeting to take place in the first half of 2022 instead with a final location and date to be determined later in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In late December 2021, the World Economic Forum said in a release that pandemic conditions had made it extremely difficult to stage a global in-person meeting the following month; transmissibility of the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant</a> and its impact on travel and mobility had made deferral necessary, with the meeting in Davos eventually rescheduled for 22 to 26 May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Topics in the 2022 annual meeting included the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, climate change, energy insecurity and <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>. Ukraine's president <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> gave a special address at the meeting,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> thanking the global community for its efforts but also calling for more support.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The 2022 Forum was marked by the absence of a Russian delegation for the first time since 1991, which <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> described as signalling the "unraveling of globalization."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The former Russia House was used to present Russia's war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The 2023 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum took place in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos, Switzerland</a> from 16–20 January under the theme "Cooperation in a fragmented world".<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a>]</div> Headquartered in Cologny, the WEF also has offices in New York, Beijing and Tokyo. In January 2015, it was designated an NGO with "other international body" status by the Swiss Federal Government under the Swiss Host-State Act.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> On 10 October 2016, the WEF announced the opening of its new <a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_Fourth_Industrial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution">Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution</a> in San Francisco. According to the WEF, the center will "serve as a platform for interaction, insight and impact on the scientific and technological changes that are changing the way we live, work and relate to one another".<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The World Economic Forum declares that it is impartial and that it is not tied to any political, <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan (political)">partisan</a>, or national interests.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Until 2012, it had <a href="/wiki/Observer_status" title="Observer status">observer status</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a>;[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] it is under the supervision of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Council">Swiss Federal Council</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The foundation's highest governance body is the foundation board.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The managing board is chaired by the WEF's president, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Brende" title="Børge Brende">Børge Brende</a>, and acts as the executive body of the World Economic Forum. Managing board members are Børge Brende, Julien Gattoni, Jeremy Jurgens, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Monck" title="Adrian Monck">Adrian Monck</a>, Sarita Nayyar, Olivier M. Schwab, <a href="/wiki/Saadia_Zahidi" title="Saadia Zahidi">Saadia Zahidi</a>, and Alois Zwinggi.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_trustees">Board of trustees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Board of trustees">edit</a>]</div> The WEF is chaired by founder and executive chairman Professor <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a> and is guided by a board of trustees that is made up of leaders from business, politics, academia and civil society. As of 2024, the board of trustees is composed of: <a href="/wiki/Queen_Rania_of_Jordan" title="Queen Rania of Jordan">Queen Rania of Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukesh_Ambani" title="Mukesh Ambani">Mukesh D. Ambani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajay_Banga" title="Ajay Banga">Ajay S. Banga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Benioff" title="Marc Benioff">Marc Benioff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe" title="Peter Brabeck-Letmathe">Peter Brabeck-Letmathe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buberl" title="Thomas Buberl">Thomas Buberl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Fink" title="Larry Fink">Laurence D. Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orit_Gadiesh" title="Orit Gadiesh">Orit Gadiesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristalina_Georgieva" title="Kristalina Georgieva">Kristalina Georgieva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabiola_Gianotti" title="Fabiola Gianotti">Fabiola Gianotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Hoffmann_(businessman)" title="André Hoffmann (businessman)">Andre Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paula_Ingabire" title="Paula Ingabire">Paula Ingabire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kaeser" title="Joe Kaeser">Joe Kaeser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Motsepe" title="Patrice Motsepe">Patrice Motsepe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngozi_Okonjo-Iweala" title="Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala">Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubna_Olayan" title="Lubna Olayan">Lubna S. Olayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rubenstein" title="David Rubenstein">David M. Rubenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Mark_Schneider" title="Ulf Mark Schneider">Ulf Mark Schneider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hagemann_Snabe" title="Jim Hagemann Snabe">Jim Hagemann Snabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Sweet" title="Julie Sweet">Julie Sweet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feike_Sijbesma" title="Feike Sijbesma">Feike Sijbesma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heiz%C5%8D_Takenaka" title="Heizō Takenaka">Heizō Takenaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Min_(economist)" title="Zhu Min (economist)">Zhu Min</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Members of the board of trustees (past or present) include: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Gref" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Gref">Herman Gref</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Hoffmann_(businessman)" title="André Hoffmann (businessman)">André Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ghosn" title="Carlos Ghosn">Carlos Ghosn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rubenstein" title="David Rubenstein">David Rubenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Zedillo" title="Ernesto Zedillo">Ernesto Zedillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabiola_Gianotti" title="Fabiola Gianotti">Fabiola Gianotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feike_Sijbesma" title="Feike Sijbesma">Feike Sijbesma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heiz%C5%8D_Takenaka" title="Heizō Takenaka">Heizō Takenaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Ma" title="Jack Ma">Jack Ma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hagemann_Snabe" title="Jim Hagemann Snabe">Jim Hagemann Snabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81ngel_Gurr%C3%ADa" title="José Ángel Gurría">José Ángel Gurría</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Ackermann" title="Josef Ackermann">Josef Ackermann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Fink" title="Larry Fink">Laurence Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Rafael_Reif" title="Leo Rafael Reif">Leo Rafael Reif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Moreno" title="Luis Alberto Moreno">Luis Alberto Moreno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Benioff" title="Marc Benioff">Marc Benioff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Carney" title="Mark Carney">Mark Carney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_L%C3%A9vy_(Publicis)" title="Maurice Lévy (Publicis)">Maurice Lévy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukesh_Ambani" title="Mukesh Ambani">Mukesh Ambani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muriel_P%C3%A9nicaud" title="Muriel Pénicaud">Muriel Pénicaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niall_FitzGerald" title="Niall FitzGerald">Niall FitzGerald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orit_Gadiesh" title="Orit Gadiesh">Orit Gadiesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe" title="Peter Brabeck-Letmathe">Peter Brabeck-Letmathe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Maurer" title="Peter Maurer">Peter Maurer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Rania_of_Jordan" title="Queen Rania of Jordan">Queen Rania of Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajat_Gupta" title="Rajat Gupta">Rajat Gupta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Hockfield" title="Susan Hockfield">Susan Hockfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Mark_Schneider" title="Ulf Mark Schneider">Mark Schneider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Min_(economist)" title="Zhu Min (economist)">Zhu Min</a>, Ivan Pictet, Joseph P. Schoendorf Peter D. Sutherland and Victor L. L. Chu..<a href="#cite_note-wef40-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-botwef-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-wefbot16-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Membership">edit</a>]</div> The foundation is funded by its 1,000 member companies, typically global enterprises with more than five billion dollars in turnover (varying by industry and region). These enterprises rank among the top companies within their industry and/or country and play a leading role in shaping the future of their industry and/or region. Membership is stratified by the level of engagement with forum activities, with the level of membership fees increasing as participation in meetings, projects, and initiatives rises.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 2011, an annual membership cost $52,000 for an individual member, $263,000 for "Industry Partner" and $527,000 for "Strategic Partner". An admission fee costs $19,000 per person.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In 2014, WEF raised annual fees by 20 percent, bringing the cost for "Strategic Partner" from CHF 500,000 ($523,000) to CHF 600,000 ($628,000).<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Activities">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annual_meeting_in_Davos">Annual meeting in Davos</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Annual meeting in Davos">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ettinger_Sport_during_WEF2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ettinger_Sport_during_WEF2018.jpg/220px-Ettinger_Sport_during_WEF2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ettinger_Sport_during_WEF2018.jpg/330px-Ettinger_Sport_during_WEF2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ettinger_Sport_during_WEF2018.jpg/440px-Ettinger_Sport_during_WEF2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption>A sports shop has turned into a temporary informal reception location "Caspian Week", WEF 2018.</figcaption></figure> The flagship event of the World Economic Forum is the invitation-only annual meeting held at the end of January in Davos, Switzerland, bringing together chief executive officers from its 1,000 member companies, as well as selected politicians, representatives from <a href="/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academia</a>, <a href="/wiki/NGOs" class="mw-redirect" title="NGOs">NGOs</a>, religious leaders, and the media in an <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">alpine</a> environment. The winter discussions ostensibly focus around key issues of global concern (such as the <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>, capital markets, wealth management, international conflicts, environmental problems and their possible solutions).<a href="#cite_note-pigman1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The participants also take part in role playing events, such as the Investment Heat Map.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Informal winter meetings may have led to as many ideas and solutions as the official sessions.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> At the 2018 annual meeting, more than 3,000 participants from nearly 110 countries participated in over 400 sessions. Participation included more than 340 public figures, including more than 70 heads of state and government and 45 heads of international organizations; 230 media representatives and almost 40 cultural leaders were represented.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> As many as 500 journalists from online, print, radio, and television take part, with access to all sessions in the official program, some of which are also <a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">webcast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Not all the journalists are given access to all areas, however. This is reserved for white badge holders. "Davos runs an almost caste-like system of badges", according to BBC journalist Anthony Reuben. "A white badge means you're one of the delegates – you might be the chief executive of a company or the leader of a country (although that would also get you a little holographic sticker to add to your badge), or a senior journalist. An orange badge means you're just a run-of-the-mill working journalist."<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> All <a href="/wiki/Plenary_session" title="Plenary session">plenary</a> debates from the annual meeting also are available on YouTube<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> while photographs are available on <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" id="plenaries"> <caption class="nowrap">Overview of past annual meetings </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Dates </th> <th scope="col">Theme </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1988 </th> <td> </td> <td>The new state of the world economy </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1989 </th> <td> </td> <td>Key developments in the 90s: implications for global business </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1990 </th> <td> </td> <td>Competitive cooperation in a decade of turbulence </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1991 </th> <td> </td> <td>The new direction for global leadership </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1992 </th> <td> </td> <td>Global cooperation and megacompetition </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1993 </th> <td> </td> <td>Rallying all the forces for global recovery </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1994 </th> <td> </td> <td>Redefining the basic assumptions of the world economy </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1995 </th> <td>26–30 January </td> <td>Leadership for challenges beyond growth </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1996 </th> <td>1–6 February </td> <td>Sustaining globalization </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1997 </th> <td>30 January – 4 February </td> <td>Building the network society </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1998 </th> <td>29 January – 3 February </td> <td>Managing volatility and priorities for the 21st century </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1999 </th> <td>28 January – 2 February </td> <td>Responsible globality: managing the impact of globalization </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2000 </th> <td>26 January – 2 February </td> <td>New beginnings: making a difference </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2001 </th> <td>25–30 January </td> <td>Sustaining growth and bridging the divides: a framework for our global future </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2002 </th> <td>31 January – 4 February </td> <td>Leadership in fragile times (held in New York instead of Davos) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2003 </th> <td>21–25 January </td> <td>Building trust </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2004 </th> <td>21–25 January </td> <td>Partnering for security and prosperity </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2005 </th> <td>26–30 January </td> <td>Taking responsibility for tough choices </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2006 </th> <td>25–29 January </td> <td>The creative imperative<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2007 </th> <td>24–28 January </td> <td>Shaping the global agenda, the shifting power equation </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2008 </th> <td>23–27 January </td> <td>The power of collaborative innovation </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2009 </th> <td>28 January – 1 February </td> <td>Shaping the post-crisis world </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2010 </th> <td>27–30 January </td> <td>Improve the state of the world: rethink, redesign, rebuild </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2011 </th> <td>26–30 January </td> <td>Shared norms for the new reality </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2012 </th> <td>25–29 January </td> <td>The great transformation: shaping new models </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2013 </th> <td>23–27 January </td> <td>Resilient dynamism<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2014 </th> <td>22–25 January </td> <td>The reshaping of the world: consequences for society, politics and business </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2015 </th> <td>21–24 January </td> <td>New global context </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2016 </th> <td>20–23 January </td> <td>Mastering the fourth industrial revolution </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2017 </th> <td>17–20 January </td> <td>Responsive and responsible leadership </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2018 </th> <td>23–26 January </td> <td>Creating a shared future in a fractured world </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2019 </th> <td>22–25 January </td> <td>Globalization 4.0: shaping a global architecture in the age of the fourth industrial revolution </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2020 </th> <td>20–24 January </td> <td>Stakeholders for a cohesive and sustainable world[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2021 </th> <td>17–20 August </td> <td>Crucial Year to Rebuild Trust,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> canceled as a result of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2022 </th> <td>22–26 May </td> <td>History at a Turning Point: Government Policies and Business Strategies<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2023 </th> <td>16–20 January </td> <td>Cooperation in a Fragmented World<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2024 </th> <td>15–19 January </td> <td>Rebuilding Trust<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Individual_participants">Individual participants</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Individual participants">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Manuel_Santos_Calder%C3%B3n_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Latin_America_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Juan_Manuel_Santos_Calder%C3%B3n_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Latin_America_2010.jpg/220px-Juan_Manuel_Santos_Calder%C3%B3n_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Latin_America_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Juan_Manuel_Santos_Calder%C3%B3n_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Latin_America_2010.jpg/330px-Juan_Manuel_Santos_Calder%C3%B3n_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Latin_America_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Juan_Manuel_Santos_Calder%C3%B3n_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Latin_America_2010.jpg/440px-Juan_Manuel_Santos_Calder%C3%B3n_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Latin_America_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="2180" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">president of Colombia</a>, at the 2010 World Economic Forum</figcaption></figure> Some 3,000 individual participants joined the 2020 annual meeting in Davos. Countries with the most attendees include the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (674 participants), the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (270), <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (159), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (137) and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (133).<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Among the attendees were heads of state or government, cabinet ministers, ambassadors, and heads or senior officials of international organizations, including: <a href="/wiki/Sanna_Marin" title="Sanna Marin">Sanna Marin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Finland">prime minister of Finland</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">president of the European Commission</a>), <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a> (<a href="/wiki/ECB_president" class="mw-redirect" title="ECB president">ECB president</a>), <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate activist">climate activist</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhengfei" title="Ren Zhengfei">Ren Zhengfei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Huawei_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Technologies">Huawei Technologies founder</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kristalina_Georgieva" title="Kristalina Georgieva">Kristalina Georgieva</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">managing director of the IMF</a>), <a href="/wiki/Deepika_Padukone" title="Deepika Padukone">Deepika Padukone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood actress</a>), <a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soros_Fund_Management" title="Soros Fund Management">investor</a>), and Donald Trump (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>).<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Herzog_in_Davos,_January_2024_(GPOABG231).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Isaac_Herzog_in_Davos%2C_January_2024_%28GPOABG231%29.jpeg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Davos%2C_January_2024_%28GPOABG231%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Isaac_Herzog_in_Davos%2C_January_2024_%28GPOABG231%29.jpeg/330px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Davos%2C_January_2024_%28GPOABG231%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Isaac_Herzog_in_Davos%2C_January_2024_%28GPOABG231%29.jpeg/440px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Davos%2C_January_2024_%28GPOABG231%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> at the 2024 World Economic Forum</figcaption></figure> An analysis by <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> from 2014 found that the vast majority of participants are male and more than 50 years old. Careers in business account for most of the participants' backgrounds (1,595 conference attendees), with the remaining seats shared between government (364), NGOs (246) and press (234). Academia, which had been the basis of the first annual conference in 1971, had been marginalised to the smallest participant group (183 attendees).<a href="#cite_note-Econ-Magic-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corporate_participants">Corporate participants</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Corporate participants">edit</a>]</div> Next to individual participants, the World Economic Forum maintains a dense network of corporate partners that can apply for different partnership ranks within the forum.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> For 2019, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a> has identified a total of 436 listed corporates that participated in the annual meeting while measuring a stock underperformance by the Davos participants of around −10% versus the S&P 500 during the same year. Drivers are among others an overrepresentation of financial companies and an underrepresentation of fast-growing health care and information technology businesses at the conference.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The Economist had found similar results in an earlier study, showing an underperformance of Davos participants against both the MSCI World Index and the S&P 500 between 2009 and 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Econ-Magic-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summer_annual_meeting">Summer annual meeting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Summer annual meeting">edit</a>]</div> In 2007, the foundation established the Annual Meeting of the New Champions (also called Summer Davos), held annually in China, alternating between <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, bringing together 1,500 participants from what the foundation calls Global Growth Companies, primarily from rapidly growing emerging countries such as China, Russia, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, but also including quickly growing companies from <a href="/wiki/Developed_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed countries">developed countries</a>. The meeting also engages with the next generation of global leaders from fast-growing regions and competitive cities, as well as technology pioneers from around the globe.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier of China</a> has delivered a plenary address at each annual meeting.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_meetings">Regional meetings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Regional meetings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_in_the_New_Global_Reality_Economic_Summit_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/India_in_the_New_Global_Reality_Economic_Summit_2011.jpg/220px-India_in_the_New_Global_Reality_Economic_Summit_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/India_in_the_New_Global_Reality_Economic_Summit_2011.jpg/330px-India_in_the_New_Global_Reality_Economic_Summit_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/India_in_the_New_Global_Reality_Economic_Summit_2011.jpg/440px-India_in_the_New_Global_Reality_Economic_Summit_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="1094" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_Chavan" title="Prithviraj Chavan">Prithviraj Chavan</a>, chief minister of Maharashtra, India; Sudha Pilay, member-secretary, Planning Commission, India; and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Verwaayen" title="Ben Verwaayen">Ben Verwaayen</a>, chief executive officer, Alcatel-Lucent, France, were the co-chairs of the India Economic Summit 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>.</figcaption></figure> Every year regional meetings take place, enabling close contact among corporate business leaders, local government leaders, and NGOs. Meetings are held in Africa, East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The mix of hosting countries varies from year to year, but consistently China and India have hosted throughout the decade since 2000.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Young_Global_Leaders">Young Global Leaders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Young Global Leaders">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Young_Global_Leaders" title="Young Global Leaders">Young Global Leaders</a></div> The group of Young Global Leaders consists of 800 people chosen by the WEF organizers as being representative of contemporary leadership. After five years of participation they are considered alumni.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The program has received controversy when Schwab, the founder, admitted to "penetrat[ing]" governments with Young Global Leaders. He added that as of 2017 "more than half" of <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau's</a> <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet</a> had been members of the program.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_entrepreneurs">Social entrepreneurs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Social entrepreneurs">edit</a>]</div> Since 2000, the WEF has been promoting models developed by those in close collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Schwab_Foundation_for_Social_Entrepreneurship" title="Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship">Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> highlighting <a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship" title="Social entrepreneurship">social entrepreneurship</a> as a key element to advance societies and address social problems.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Selected social entrepreneurs are invited to participate in the foundation's regional meetings and the annual meetings where they may meet chief executives and senior government officials. At the annual meeting 2003, for example, <a href="/wiki/Jeroo_Billimoria" title="Jeroo Billimoria">Jeroo Billimoria</a> met with Roberto Blois, deputy secretary-general of the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>, an encounter that produced a key partnership for her organization <a href="/wiki/Child_helpline_international" class="mw-redirect" title="Child helpline international">Child helpline international</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_reports">Research reports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Research reports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharmeen_Obaid_Chinoy_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sharmeen_Obaid_Chinoy_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/170px-Sharmeen_Obaid_Chinoy_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sharmeen_Obaid_Chinoy_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/255px-Sharmeen_Obaid_Chinoy_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sharmeen_Obaid_Chinoy_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg/340px-Sharmeen_Obaid_Chinoy_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="1470" /></a><figcaption>Two-time <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> winner, Pakistani journalist <a href="/wiki/Sharmeen_Obaid-Chinoy" title="Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy">Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy</a> at WEF in 2013</figcaption></figure> The foundation also acts as a <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a>, publishing a wide range of reports. In particular, "Strategic Insight Teams" focus on producing reports of relevance in the fields of competitiveness, global risks, and <a href="/wiki/Scenario_planning" title="Scenario planning">scenario thinking</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The "Competitiveness Team"<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> produces a range of annual economic reports (first published in brackets): the <a href="/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Report" title="Global Competitiveness Report">Global Competitiveness Report</a> (1979) measured competitiveness of countries and economies; The <a href="/wiki/Global_Information_Technology_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Information Technology Report">Global Information Technology Report</a> (2001) assessed their competitiveness based on their IT readiness; the <a href="/wiki/Global_Gender_Gap_Report" title="Global Gender Gap Report">Global Gender Gap Report</a> examined critical areas of inequality between men and women; the <a href="/wiki/Global_Risks_Report" title="Global Risks Report">Global Risks Report</a> (2006) assessed key global risks; the <a href="/wiki/Travel_and_Tourism_Competitiveness_Report" title="Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report">Global Travel and Tourism Report</a> (2007) measured travel and tourism competitiveness; the Financial Development Report (2008)<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> aimed to provide a comprehensive means for countries to establish benchmarks for various aspects of their financial systems and establish priorities for improvement; and the <a href="/wiki/Global_Enabling_Trade_Report" title="Global Enabling Trade Report">Global Enabling Trade Report</a> (2008) presented a cross-country analysis of the large number of measures facilitating trade among nations.<a href="#cite_note-pigman3-82">[82]</a> The "Risk Response Network"<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> produces a yearly report assessing risks which are deemed to be within the scope of these teams, have cross-industry relevance, are uncertain, have the potential to cause upwards of US$10 billion in economic damage, have the potential to cause major human suffering, and which require a multi-stakeholder approach for mitigation.<a href="#cite_note-riskreport-84">[84]</a> In 2020, the forum published a report entitled Nature Risk Rising: Why the Crisis Engulfing Nature Matters for Business and the Economy.<a href="#cite_note-weforum.org-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In this report the forum estimated that approximately half of global GDP is highly or moderately dependent on nature (the same as <a href="/wiki/IPBES" class="mw-redirect" title="IPBES">IPBES</a>'s 2019 assessment report<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>). The report also found that 1 dollar spent on nature restoration yields 9 dollars in economic benefits.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initiatives">Initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Initiatives">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health">Health</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> On 19 January 2017 the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a> (CEPI), a global initiative to fight epidemics, was launched at WEF in Davos. The internationally funded initiative aims at securing vaccine supplies for global emergencies and pandemics, and to research new vaccines for tropical diseases, that are now more menacing. The project is funded by private and governmental donors, with an initial investment of US$460m from the governments of Germany, Japan and Norway, plus the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Between 21 and 24 January 2020, at the early stages of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 outbreak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">CEPI</a> met with leaders from <a href="/wiki/Moderna" title="Moderna">Moderna</a> to establish plans for a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Davos,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Davos, Switzerland">Davos</a> gathering,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> with a total global case number of 274 and total loss of life the virus at 16.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> declared a global health emergency 6 days later.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Society">Society</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Society">edit</a>]</div> The Global Water Initiative brings together diverse stakeholders such as <a href="/wiki/Alcan_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Alcan Inc.">Alcan Inc.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Agency_for_Development_and_Cooperation" title="Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation">Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation</a>, <a href="/wiki/USAID" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID">USAID</a> India, <a href="/wiki/UNDP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDP">UNDP</a> India, <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Indian_Industry" title="Confederation of Indian Industry">Confederation of Indian Industry</a> (CII), Government of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/NEPAD" class="mw-redirect" title="NEPAD">NEPAD</a> Business Foundation to develop public-private partnerships on water management in South Africa and India.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In an effort to combat corruption, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partnering_Against_Corruption_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partnering Against Corruption Initiative (page does not exist)">Partnering Against Corruption Initiative</a> (PACI) was launched by CEOs from the engineering and construction, energy and <a href="/wiki/Metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Metals">metals</a>, and mining industries at the annual meeting in Davos during January 2004. PACI is a platform for peer exchange on practical experience and dilemma situations. Approximately 140 companies have joined the initiative.<a href="#cite_note-pigman4-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environment">Environment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Environment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Business_action_on_climate_change" title="Business action on climate change">Business action on climate change</a></div> In the beginning of the 21st century, the forum began to increasingly deal with environmental issues.<a href="#cite_note-World_Economic_Forum-93">[93]</a> In the Davos Manifesto 2020 it is said that a company among other: <ul><li>"acts as a steward of the environmental and material universe for future generations. It consciously protects our biosphere and champions a circular, shared and regenerative economy."</li> <li>"responsibly manages near-term, medium-term and long-term value creation in pursuit of sustainable shareholder returns that do not sacrifice the future for the present."</li> <li>"is more than an economic unit generating wealth. It fulfils human and societal aspirations as part of the broader social system. Performance must be measured not only on the return to shareholders, but also on how it achieves its environmental, social and good governance objectives."<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li></ul> The Environmental Initiative covers climate change and water issues. Under the <a href="/wiki/2005_G8_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 G8 Summit">Gleneagles Dialogue on Climate Change</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">U.K. government</a> asked the World Economic Forum at the <a href="/wiki/31st_G8_summit" title="31st G8 summit">G8 Summit in Gleneagles in 2005</a> to facilitate a dialogue with the business community to develop recommendations for reducing <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>. This set of recommendations, endorsed by a global group of CEOs, was presented to leaders ahead of the G8 Summit in <a href="/wiki/Toyako" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyako">Toyako</a>, Hokkaido, Japan held in July 2008.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In 2016 WEF published an article in which it is said, that in some cases reducing consumption can increase well-being. In the article is mentioned that in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> the GDP is 4 times smaller than in many countries in Western Europe and North America, but people live longer and better. An American study shows that those whose income is higher than $75,000, do not necessarily have an increase in well-being. To better measure well-being, the New Economics Foundation's launched the <a href="/wiki/Happy_Planet_Index" title="Happy Planet Index">Happy Planet Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In January 2017, WEF launched the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_for_Accelerating_the_Circular_Economy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy (page does not exist)">Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy</a> (PACE), which is a global <a href="/wiki/Public_private_partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public private partnership">public private partnership</a> seeking to scale <a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">circular economy</a> innovations.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> PACE is co-chaired by <a href="/wiki/Frans_van_Houten" title="Frans van Houten">Frans van Houten</a> (CEO of <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>), Naoko Ishii (CEO of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Environment_Facility" title="Global Environment Facility">Global Environment Facility</a>, and the head of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> (UNEP).<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ellen_MacArthur_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellen MacArthur Foundation">Ellen MacArthur Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Resource_Panel" title="International Resource Panel">International Resource Panel</a>, Circle Economy, <a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">Chatham House</a>, the Dutch <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Public_Health_and_the_Environment" title="National Institute for Public Health and the Environment">National Institute for Public Health and the Environment</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a> serve as knowledge partners, and the program is supported by the UK <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/DSM_(company)" title="DSM (company)">DSM</a>, <a href="/wiki/FrieslandCampina" title="FrieslandCampina">FrieslandCampina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_Affairs_Canada" title="Global Affairs Canada">Global Affairs Canada</a>, the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Infrastructure_and_Water_Management" title="Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management">Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabobank" title="Rabobank">Rabobank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/SITRA" title="SITRA">SITRA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The Forum emphasized its 'Environment and Natural Resource Security Initiative' for the 2017 meeting to achieve inclusive economic growth and sustainable practices for global industries. With increasing limitations on <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">world trade</a> through national interests and trade barriers, the WEF has moved towards a more sensitive and socially-minded approach for global businesses with a focus on the reduction of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_emission" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon emission">carbon emissions</a> in China and other large industrial nations.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Also in 2017, WEF launched the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Industrial_Revolution" title="Fourth Industrial Revolution">Fourth Industrial Revolution</a> (4IR) for the Earth Initiative, a collaboration among WEF, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pwc" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwc">PwC</a>, and funded through the Mava Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In 2018, WEF announced that one project within this initiative was to be the <a href="/wiki/Earth_BioGenome_Project" title="Earth BioGenome Project">Earth BioGenome Project</a>, the aim of which is to sequence the genomes of every organism on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The World Economic Forum is working to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic pollution</a>, stating that by 2050 it will consume 15% of the global <a href="/wiki/Emissions_budget" class="mw-redirect" title="Emissions budget">carbon budget</a> and will pass by its weight fishes in the world's oceans. One of the methods is to achieve <a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">circular economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The theme of the 2020 World Economic Forum annual meeting was 'Stakeholders for a Cohesive and Sustainable World'. Climate change and sustainability were central themes of discussion. Many argued that GDP is failed to represent correctly the wellbeing and that <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_subsidies" title="Fossil fuel subsidies">fossil fuel subsidies</a> should be stopped. Many of the participants said that a better capitalism is needed. <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> summarized the ideas in the conference as: "The version of capitalism we have today in our world must be reformed".<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In this meeting the World Economic Forum: <ul><li>Launched the <a href="/wiki/Trillion_Tree_Campaign" title="Trillion Tree Campaign">Trillion Tree Campaign</a> an initiative aiming to "grow, restore and conserve 1 trillion trees over the next 10 years around the world – in a bid to restore <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> and help fight <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>". <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> joined the initiative. The forum stated that: "Nature-based solutions – locking-up carbon in the world's forests, grasslands and wetlands – can provide up to one-third of the emissions reductions required by 2030 to meet the Paris Agreement targets," adding that the rest should come from the heavy industry, finance and transportation sectors. One of the targets is to unify existing <a href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">reforestation</a> projects<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li>Discussed the issue of climate change and called to expanding <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a> change the patterns of <a href="/wiki/Resource_consumption" title="Resource consumption">consumption</a> and remove carbon from the atmosphere. The forum concluded that the climate crisis will become a <a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">climate apocalypse</a> should the temperature rise by 2°C above pre-industrial levels. The forum called on governments to fulfil the commitments in <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Morgan_(activist)" title="Jennifer Morgan (activist)">Jennifer Morgan</a>, special representative for international climate policy of the Federal Foreign Office in Germany, said that as to the beginning of the forum, fossil fuels still get three times more money than climate solutions.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li></ul> At the 2021 annual meeting <a href="/wiki/UNFCCC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFCCC">UNFCCC</a> launched the 'UN Race-to-Zero Emissions Breakthroughs'. The aim of the campaign is to transform 20 sectors of the economy in order to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions. At least 20% of each sector should take specific measures, and 10 sectors should be transformed before COP 26 in Glasgow. According to the organizers, 20% is a tipping point, after which the whole sector begins to irreversibly change.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Coronavirus_and_green_recovery">Coronavirus and green recovery</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Coronavirus and green recovery">edit</a>]</div> In April 2020, the forum published an article that postulates that the COVID-19 pandemic is linked to the destruction of nature. The number of emerging diseases is rising and this rise is linked to <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Species_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Species loss">species loss</a>. In the article, there are multiple examples of the degradation of ecological systems caused by humans. It is also says that half of the global <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> is moderately or largely dependent on nature. The article concludes that the recovery from the pandemic should be linked to nature recovery.<a href="#cite_note-weforum.org-85">[85]</a> The forum proposed a plan for a <a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">green recovery</a>. The plan includes advancing <a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">circular economy</a>. Among the mentioned methods, there is <a href="/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">green building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">sustainable transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">organic farming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urban_open_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban open space">urban open space</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_Shapers_Community">Global Shapers Community</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Global Shapers Community">edit</a>]</div> The Global Shapers Community (GSC), an initiative of World Economic Forum, selects young leaders below 30 years old to be change agents in the world.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Global Shapers develop and lead their city-based hubs to implement social justice projects that advance the mission of World Economic Forum. The GSC has over 10,000 members in 500+ hubs in 154 countries. Some critics see the WEF's increasing focus on activist areas such as <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship" title="Social entrepreneurship">social entrepreneurship</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> as a strategy to disguise the true <a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">plutocratic</a> goals of the organisation.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Reset">The Great Reset</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The Great Reset">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Reset" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Reset">The Great Reset</a></div> In May 2020, the WEF and the <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a>'s Sustainable Markets Initiative launched "The Great Reset" project, a five-point plan to enhance sustainable economic growth following the global recession caused by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns">COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> "The Great Reset" was to be the theme of WEF's annual meeting in August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> According to forum founder Schwab, the intention of the project is to reconsider the meaning of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> and capital. While not abandoning capitalism, he proposes to change and possibly move on from some aspects of it, including <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free-market_fundamentalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market fundamentalism">free-market fundamentalism</a>. The role of corporations, taxation and more should be reconsidered. International cooperation and trade should be defended and the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Industrial_Revolution" title="Fourth Industrial Revolution">Fourth Industrial Revolution</a> also.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The forum defines the system that it wants to create as "Stakeholder Capitalism". The forum supports <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The 'Great Reset' has also been the target of <a href="/wiki/Great_Reset#Conspiracy_theories" title="Great Reset">several debunked conspiracy theories</a>, which heavily overlap with related conspiracy theories concerning the <a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">'New World Order'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Qanon">Qanon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_protests">Physical protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Physical protests">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demo-gegen-wef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Demo-gegen-wef.jpg/220px-Demo-gegen-wef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Demo-gegen-wef.jpg/330px-Demo-gegen-wef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Demo-gegen-wef.jpg/440px-Demo-gegen-wef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Protest march against the WEF in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, 2006</figcaption></figure> During the late 1990s, the WEF, as well as the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, came under heavy criticism by <a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-globalization">anti-globalization</a> activists who asserted that capitalism and globalization were increasing poverty and destroying the environment. In 2000, about 10,000 demonstrators <a href="/wiki/S11_(protest)" title="S11 (protest)">disrupted a regional WEF meeting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, by obstructing the path of 200 delegates.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Small demonstrations are held in Davos on most but not all years, organised by the local Green Party (see <a href="/wiki/Anti-WEF_protests_in_Switzerland,_January_2003" title="Anti-WEF protests in Switzerland, January 2003">Anti-WEF protests in Switzerland, January 2003</a>) to protest against what have been called the meetings of "fat cats in the snow", a <a href="/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek" title="Tongue-in-cheek">tongue-in-cheek</a> term used by rock singer <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> After 2014, the physical protest movement against the World Economic Forum largely died down, and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss police">Swiss police</a> noted a significant decline in attending protesters, 20 at most during the meeting in 2016. While protesters are still more numerous in large Swiss cities, the protest movement itself has undergone significant change.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Around 150 <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uighurs</a> protested in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and 400 Tibetans in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> against the visit of China's <a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">paramount leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> for the 2017 meeting, with subsequent confrontations and arrests.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growing_gaps_in_wealth">Growing gaps in wealth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Growing gaps in wealth">edit</a>]</div> A number of NGOs have used the World Economic Forum to highlight growing inequalities and <a href="/wiki/Wealth_gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth gap">wealth gaps</a>, which they consider to have been neglected, or even to be exacerbated, through institutions like the WEF. <a href="/wiki/Winnie_Byanyima" title="Winnie Byanyima">Winnie Byanyima</a>, the former executive director of the anti-poverty confederation <a href="/wiki/Oxfam_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxfam International">Oxfam International</a> co-chaired the 2015 meeting, where she presented a critical report of global wealth distribution based on statistical research by the <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse Research Institute</a>. In this study, the richest 1% of people in the world own 48% of the world's wealth.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> At the 2019 meeting, she presented another report in which she stated that the gap between rich and poor has widened. The report "Public Good or Private Wealth" stated that 2,200 billionaires worldwide saw their wealth grow by 12% while the poorest half saw its wealth fall by 11%. Oxfam calls for a global tax overhaul to increase and harmonise global tax rates for corporations and wealthy individuals.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> "<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_own_nothing_and_be_happy" title="You'll own nothing and be happy">You'll own nothing and be happy</a>" is a phrase adapted from an essay written by <a href="/wiki/Ida_Auken" title="Ida Auken">Ida Auken</a> in 2016 for the WEF, pondering a future in which urban residents would rely on shared services for many expensive items such as appliances and vehicles. Shortly after its publication, a commentator for <a href="/wiki/European_Digital_Rights" title="European Digital Rights">European Digital Rights</a> criticized Auken's vision of centralized property ownership as a "<a href="/wiki/Benevolent_dictatorship" title="Benevolent dictatorship">benevolent dictatorship</a>".<a href="#cite_note-edri-2017-130">[130]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the phrase went viral, eliciting strongly negative reactions from mostly conservative but also some left-wing and unaffiliated commentators.<a href="#cite_note-bronitsky-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-nationalreview-2023-132">[132]</a> Responding to viral social media posts based on the phrase, the WEF denied that it had a goal related to limiting ownership of private property.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-factcheck-133">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rutger_Bregman" title="Rutger Bregman">Rutger Bregman</a>, a Dutch historian invited to a 2018 WEF panel on inequality, went viral when he suggested that the best way for the attendees to attack inequality was to stop avoiding taxes.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Bregman described his motivation, saying "it feels like I’m at a firefighters’ conference and no one’s allowed to speak about water". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_of_a_detached_elite">Formation of a detached elite</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Formation of a detached elite">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Global_elite" class="mw-redirect" title="Global elite">Global elite</a></div> The formation of a detached elite, sometimes labeled with the <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> "Davos Man", refers to a global group whose members view themselves as completely "international". The term refers to people who "have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the elite's global operations" according to political scientist <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Samuel P. Huntington</a>, who is credited with inventing the neologism.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In his 2004 article "Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite", Huntington argues that this international perspective is a minority elitist position not shared by the nationalist majority of the people.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Transnational_Institute" title="Transnational Institute">Transnational Institute</a> describes the World Economic Forum's main purpose as being "to function as a socializing institution for the emerging global elite, globalization's "Mafiocracy" of bankers, industrialists, oligarchs, technocrats and politicians. They promote common ideas, and serve common interests: their own."<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Manager_Magazin" title="Manager Magazin">Manager Magazin</a> journalist Henrik Müller argued that the "Davos Man" had already decayed into different groups and camps. He sees three central drivers for this development:<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <ul><li>Ideologically: the liberal western model is no longer considered a universal role model that other countries strive for (with China's digital totalitarianism or the traditional absolutism in the Persian Gulf as counter-proposals, all of which are represented by government members in Davos).</li> <li>Socially: societies increasingly disintegrate into different groups, each of which evokes its own identity (e.g. embodied through the Brexit vote or congressional blockades in the USA).</li> <li>Economically: the measured economic reality largely contradicts the established ideas of how the economy should actually work (despite economic upswings, wages and prices e.g. barely rise).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_cost_of_security">Public cost of security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Public cost of security">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civil_Defense_Police_(8419542894).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Civil_Defense_Police_%288419542894%29.jpg/220px-Civil_Defense_Police_%288419542894%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Civil_Defense_Police_%288419542894%29.jpg/330px-Civil_Defense_Police_%288419542894%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Civil_Defense_Police_%288419542894%29.jpg/440px-Civil_Defense_Police_%288419542894%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>The Graubünden Civil Defense Police during the 2013 Annual Meeting in Davos</figcaption></figure> Critics argue that the WEF, despite having reserves of several hundred million Swiss francs and paying its executives salaries of around 1 million Swiss francs per year, would not pay any federal tax and moreover allocate a part of its costs to the public.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Following massive criticism from politicians and the Swiss civil society, the Swiss federal government decided in February 2021 to reduce its annual contributions to the WEF.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> As of 2018, the police and military expenditures carried by the federal government stood at 39 million Swiss francs.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Aargauer_Zeitung" title="Aargauer Zeitung">Aargauer Zeitung</a> argued in January 2020 that the additional cost borne by the Kanton Graubünden stand at CHF 9 million per year.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The Swiss Green Party summarised their criticism within the Swiss National Council that the holding of the World Economic Forum has cost Swiss taxpayers hundreds of millions of Swiss francs over the past decades. In their view, it was however questionable to what extent the Swiss population or global community benefit from these expenditures.<a href="#cite_note-Geschäft_Ansehen-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_debate">Gender debate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gender debate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Gender_bias" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender bias">Gender bias</a></div> Women have been broadly underrepresented at the WEF, according to some critics. The female participation rate at the WEF increased from 9% to 15% between 2001 and 2005. In 2016, 18% of the WEF attendees were female; this number increased to 21% in 2017, and 24% in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Several women have since shared their personal impressions of the Davos meetings in media articles, highlighting that issues were more profound than "a quota at Davos for female leaders or a session on diversity and inclusion".<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The World Economic Forum has in this context filed legal complaints against at least three investigative articles by reporters Katie Gibbons and Billy Kenber that were published by the British newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> in March 2020, with the articles still online as of January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Workplace_discrimination">Workplace discrimination</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Workplace discrimination">edit</a>]</div> According to The Wall Street Journal, the WEF has had numerous accusations of workplace discrimination against women and <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Black people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undemocratic_decision_making">Undemocratic decision making</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Undemocratic decision making">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Research_Service" title="European Parliamentary Research Service">European Parliament's think tank</a>, critics see the WEF as an instrument for political and business leaders to "take decisions without having to account to their electorate or shareholders".<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Since 2009, the WEF has been working on a project called the Global Redesign Initiative (GRI), which proposes a transition away from intergovernmental decision-making towards a system of <a href="/wiki/Multi-stakeholder_governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-stakeholder governance">multi-stakeholder governance</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Transnational_Institute" title="Transnational Institute">Transnational Institute (TNI)</a>, the Forum is hence planning to replace a recognised democratic model with a model where a self-selected group of "stakeholders" make decisions on behalf of the people.<a href="#cite_note-Davos_and_its_danger_to_Democracy-156">[156]</a> Some critics have seen the WEF's attention to goals like <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship" title="Social entrepreneurship">social entrepreneurship</a> as mere window dressing to disguise its true <a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">plutocratic</a> nature and goals.<a href="#cite_note-Meyer-157">[157]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a> opinion piece, Cas Mudde said that such plutocrats should not be the group to have control over the political agendas and decide which issues to focus on and how to support them.<a href="#cite_note--Mudde-158">[158]</a> A writer in the German magazine <a href="/wiki/Cicero_(magazine)" title="Cicero (magazine)">Cicero</a> saw the situation as academic, cultural, media and economic elites grasping for social power while disregarding political decision processes. A materially well-endowed milieu would in this context try to "cement its dominance of opinion and sedate ordinary people with maternalistic-paternalistic social benefits, so that they are not disturbed by the common people when they steer".<a href="#cite_note-Meyer-157">[157]</a> The French <a href="/wiki/Les_Echos_(France)" title="Les Echos (France)">Les Echos</a> furthermore concludes that Davos "represents the exact values people rejected at the ballot box".<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lack_of_financial_transparency">Lack of financial transparency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Lack of financial transparency">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Financial_transparency" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial transparency">Financial transparency</a></div> In 2017, the former <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a> journalist Jürgen Dunsch criticized that financial reports of the WEF were not very transparent since neither income nor expenditures were broken down. In addition, he outlined that the foundation capital was not quantified while the apparently not insignificant profits would be reinvested.<a href="#cite_note-SZ-money_machine-160">[160]</a> Recent annual reports published by the WEF include a more detailed breakdown of its financials and indicate revenues of CHF 349 million for the year 2019 with reserves of CHF 310 million and a foundation capital of CHF 34 million. There are no further details provided to what asset classes or individual names the WEF allocates its financial assets of CHF 261 million.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> From July 2019 to June 2020, the World Economic Forum has spent €250,000 on lobbying the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The German newspaper <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a> criticised in this context that the WEF had turned into a "money printing machine", which is run like a family business and forms a comfortable way to make a living for its key personnel. The foundation's founder Klaus Schwab draws a salary of around one million Swiss francs per year.<a href="#cite_note-SZ-money_machine-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unclear_selection_criteria">Unclear selection criteria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Unclear selection criteria">edit</a>]</div> In a request to the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Swiss National Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Green Party">Swiss Green Party</a> criticised that invitations to the annual meeting and programmes of the World Economic Forum are issued according to unclear criteria. They highlight that "despots" such as the son of the former Libyan dictator <a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saif al-Islam al-Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam al-Gaddafi</a> had been invited to the WEF and even awarded membership in the club of "Young Global Leaders".<a href="#cite_note-Geschäft_Ansehen-144">[144]</a> Even after the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab spring">Arab spring</a> in December 2010 and related violent uprisings against despot regimes, the WEF continued to invite Gaddafi to its annual meeting.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_footprint_of_annual_meetings">Environmental footprint of annual meetings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Environmental footprint of annual meetings">edit</a>]</div> Critics emphasise that the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum is counterproductive when combating pressing problems of humanity such as the climate crisis. Even in 2020, participants travelled to the WEF annual meeting in Davos on around 1,300 private jets while the total emissions burden from transport and accommodation were enormous in their view.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschäft_Ansehen-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_capture_of_global_and_democratic_institutions">Corporate capture of global and democratic institutions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Corporate capture of global and democratic institutions">edit</a>]</div> The World Economic Forum's "Global Redesign" report suggests to create "public-private" <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) in which selected agencies operate and steer global agendas under shared governance systems.<a href="#cite_note-Martens-165">[165]</a> In September 2019, more than 400 civil society organizations and 40 international networks heavily criticised a partnership agreement between WEF and the United Nations and called on the <a href="/wiki/UN_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Secretary-General">UN Secretary-General</a> to end it.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> They see such an agreement as a "disturbing corporate capture of the UN, which moved the world dangerously towards a privatised global governance".<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The Dutch Transnational Institute think tank summarises that we are increasingly entering a world where gatherings such as Davos are "a silent global <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>" to capture governance.<a href="#cite_note-Davos_and_its_danger_to_Democracy-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-accreditation_of_critical_media_outlets">Non-accreditation of critical media outlets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Non-accreditation of critical media outlets">edit</a>]</div> In 2019, the Swiss newspaper <a href="/wiki/WOZ_Die_Wochenzeitung" title="WOZ Die Wochenzeitung">WOZ</a> received a refusal of its accreditation request for the annual meeting with the editors and subsequently accused the World Economic Forum of favoring specific media outlets. The newspaper highlighted that the WEF stated in its refusal message that it [the Forum] prefers media outlets it works with throughout the year. WOZ deputy head Yves Wegelin called this a strange idea of journalism because in "journalism you don't necessarily have to work with large corporations, but rather critique them".<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutional_initiatives">Institutional initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Institutional initiatives">edit</a>]</div> In addition to economic policy, the WEF's agenda is in recent years increasingly focusing on positively connoted activist topics such as <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a><a href="#cite_note-World_Economic_Forum-93">[93]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship" title="Social entrepreneurship">social entrepreneurship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> which critics see as a strategy to disguise the organisation's true <a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">plutocratic</a> goals.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In a December 2020 article by <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>, author <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Naomi Klein</a> described that the WEF's initiatives like the "Great Reset" were simply a "coronavirus-themed rebranding" of things that the WEF was already doing and that it was an attempt by the rich to make themselves look good. In her opinion, "the Great Reset is merely the latest edition of this gilded tradition, barely distinguishable from earlier Davos Big Ideas.<a href="#cite_note-intercept120820-173">[173]</a> Similarly, in his review of COVID-19: The Great Reset, ethicist Steven Umbrello makes parallel critiques of the agenda. He says that the WEF "whitewash[es] a seemingly optimistic future post-Great Reset with buzz words like equity and sustainability" while it functionally jeopardizes those goals.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> A study published in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Consumer_Research" title="Journal of Consumer Research">Journal of Consumer Research</a> investigated the sociological impact of the WEF. It concluded that the WEF do not solve issues such as poverty, global warming, chronic illness, or debt. The Forum has, according to the study, simply shifted the burden for the solution of these problems from governments and business to "responsible consumers subjects: the green consumer, the health-conscious consumer, and the financially literate consumer."<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appropriation_of_global_crises">Appropriation of global crises</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Appropriation of global crises">edit</a>]</div> In December 2021, the Catholic Cardinal and former <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">Prefect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a> (CDF) <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Gerhard Ludwig Müller">Gerhard Ludwig Müller</a> criticised in a controversial interview that people like WEF founder Schwab were sitting "on the throne of their wealth" and were not touched by the everyday difficulties and sufferings people face e.g. due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On the contrary, such elites would see crises as an opportunity to push through their agendas. He particularly criticised the control such people would exercise on people and their embracement of areas such as <a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">transhumanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Jews_in_Germany" title="Central Council of Jews in Germany">German Central Council of Jews</a> condemned this criticism, which is also linked to Jewish financial investors, as antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> On the other hand, the WEF has been criticized as "hypocritical" towards Palestinian human rights, when it rejected a petition from its own constituents to condemn Israel's aggression against Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> WEF cited the need to remain "impartial" on the issue. However, <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Al_Sabawi" title="Khaled Al Sabawi">Khaled Al Sabawi</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/MondoWeiss" class="mw-redirect" title="MondoWeiss">MondoWeiss</a> called it hypocritical after it voluntarily condemned Russia's aggression against Ukraine months later.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Davos_municipality">Davos municipality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Davos municipality">edit</a>]</div> In June 2021, WEF founder Klaus Schwab sharply criticised what he characterized as the "profiteering", "complacency" and "lack of commitment" by the municipality of Davos in relation to the annual meeting. He mentioned that the preparation of the COVID-related meeting in Singapore in 2021/2022<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> had created an alternative to its Swiss host and sees the chance that the annual meeting will stay in Davos between 40 and 70 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage_of_"Davos"">Usage of "Davos"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Usage of "Davos"">edit</a>]</div> As there are many other international conferences nicknamed with "Davos" such as the "Davos of the Desert" event organised by <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia's</a> <a href="/wiki/Future_Investment_Initiative_Institute" title="Future Investment Initiative Institute">Future Investment Initiative Institute</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Quartz-18-10-22-184">[184]</a> the World Economic Forum objected to the use of "Davos" in such contexts for any event not organised by them.<a href="#cite_note-WEF-PR_18-10-22-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-18-10-22-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-18-10-22-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quartz-18-10-22-184">[184]</a> This particular statement was issued on 22 October 2018, a day before the opening of 2018 <a href="/wiki/Future_Investment_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Future Investment Initiative">Future Investment Initiative</a> (nicknamed "Davos in the desert") organised by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Investment_Fund_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia">Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-18-10-22-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-18-10-22-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quartz-18-10-22-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Alternatives">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_Forum_Davos">Open Forum Davos</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Open Forum Davos">edit</a>]</div> Since the annual meeting in January 2003 in Davos, an Open Forum Davos,<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> which was co-organized by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches</a>, is held concurrently with the Davos forum, opening up the debate about globalization to the general public. The Open Forum has been held in the local high school every year, featuring top politicians and business leaders. It is open to all members of the public free of charge.<a href="#cite_note-pigman5-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_Eye_Awards">Public Eye Awards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Public Eye Awards">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Public_Eye_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Eye Awards">Public Eye Awards</a> have been held every year since 2000. It is a counter-event to the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos. Public Eye Awards is a "public competition of the worst corporations in the world." In 2011, more than 50,000 people voted for companies that acted irresponsibly. At a ceremony at a Davos hotel, the "winners" in 2011 were named as Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> diesel maker, <a href="/wiki/Neste_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Neste Oil">Neste Oil</a> in Finland, and mining company <a href="/wiki/AngloGold_Ashanti" title="AngloGold Ashanti">AngloGold Ashanti</a> in South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Schweiz_aktuell" title="Schweiz aktuell">Schweiz aktuell</a> broadcast on 16 January 2015, a public presence during the WEF 2015, may not be guaranteed because the massively increased security in Davos. The Public Eye Award will be awarded for the last time in Davos: "Public Eyes says Goodbye to Davos", confirmed by Rolf Marugg (now <a href="/wiki/Landrat" title="Landrat">Landrats</a> politician), by not directly engaged politicians, and by the police responsible.<a href="#cite_note-schweizaktuell-20150116-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Asian_Leadership_Conference" title="Asian Leadership Conference">Asian Leadership Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilderberg_Meeting" title="Bilderberg Meeting">Bilderberg Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boao_Forum_for_Asia" title="Boao Forum for Asia">Boao Forum for Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davos_process" title="Davos process">Davos process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurofi" title="Eurofi">Eurofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Business_Summit" title="European Business Summit">European Business Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_201" class="mw-redirect" title="Event 201">Event 201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horasis" title="Horasis">Horasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Transport_Forum" title="International Transport Forum">International Transport Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_International_Economic_Forum" title="St. Petersburg International Economic Forum">St. Petersburg International Economic Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Knowledge_Forum" title="World Knowledge Forum">World Knowledge Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Social_Forum" title="World Social Forum">World Social Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Forum" title="World Youth Forum">World Youth Forum</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/about/world-economic-forum/">"Our Mission"</a>. World Economic Forum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210721025349/https://www.weforum.org/about/world-economic-forum">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=Our+Mission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fabout%2Fworld-economic-forum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/radionational-breakfast/rn-breakfast/14100360">"RN Breakfast, 20th January 2023"</a>. ABC listen. 19 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018130745/https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/radionational-breakfast/rn-breakfast/14100360">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+listen&rft.atitle=RN+Breakfast%2C+20th+January+2023&rft.date=2023-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flisten%2Fprograms%2Fradionational-breakfast%2Frn-breakfast%2F14100360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pigman1-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pigman1_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pigman1_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPigman2007" class="citation book cs1">Pigman, Geoffrey Allen (2007). The World Economic Forum – A Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Global Governance. London: Routledge. pp. 41–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-70204-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-70204-1"><bdi>978-0-415-70204-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Economic+Forum+%E2%80%93+A+Multi-Stakeholder+Approach+to+Global+Governance&rft.place=London&rft.pages=41-42&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-70204-1&rft.aulast=Pigman&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/platforms/">"Platforms"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=widgets.weforum.org&rft.atitle=1972s+%E2%80%93+The+Triumph+of+an+Idea+%E2%80%93+Building+an+International+Organization+for+Public-Private+Cooperation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwidgets.weforum.org%2Fhistory%2F1972.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0304411c-c5e8-11dc-8378-0000779fd2ac,dwp_uuid=01b19234-b4b2-11dc-990a-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1">"Interview: Klaus Schwab"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090604034329/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0304411c-c5e8-11dc-8378-0000779fd2ac%2Cdwp_uuid%3D01b19234-b4b2-11dc-990a-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1">Archived</a> 4 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. 22 January 2008. 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World Economic Forum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806194259/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2004/10/ceo_resigns/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=CEO+resigns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2004%2F10%2Fceo_resigns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/wef-director-resigns-over-undeclared-fees/4171240">"WEF director resigns over undeclared fees"</a>. 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Weforum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810132951/http://www.weforum.org/content/leadership-team">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Leadership+Team+%26%23124%3B+World+Economic+Forum-The+Leadership+Team&rft.pub=Weforum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fcontent%2Fleadership-team&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/about/leadership-and-governance">"World Economic Forum, Governance and Leadership"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421194559/https://www.weforum.org/about/leadership-and-governance">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Forum%2C+Governance+and+Leadership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fabout%2Fleadership-and-governance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/about/leadership-and-governance/">"Leadership and Governance - World Economic Forum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240522020931/https://www.weforum.org/about/leadership-and-governance/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leadership+and+Governance+-+World+Economic+Forum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fabout%2Fleadership-and-governance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-botwef-47"><a href="#cite_ref-botwef_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/about/leadership-and-governance">"World Economic Forum, Leadership and Governance"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421194559/https://www.weforum.org/about/leadership-and-governance">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Forum%2C+Leadership+and+Governance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fabout%2Fleadership-and-governance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wefbot16-48"><a href="#cite_ref-wefbot16_48-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/press/2016/08/world-economic-forum-announces-new-board-of-trustees-2016/">World Economic Forum Announces New Board of Trustees</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114184301/https://www.weforum.org/press/2016/08/world-economic-forum-announces-new-board-of-trustees-2016/">Archived</a> 14 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> World Economic Forum, press release of 25 August 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weforum.org/members">"Members | World Economic Forum-Members"</a>. Weforum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117115853/http://www.weforum.org/members">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+%26%23124%3B+World+Economic+Forum-Members&rft.pub=Weforum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fmembers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/costs-of-davos-2011-1">"The Truth About Davos: Here's Why People Happily Pay $71,000+ To Come – And Why They'll Keep Paying More Every Year"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 January 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadslien2013" class="citation news cs1">Madslien, Jorn (26 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-21197174">"Davos Man eyes investment opportunities"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104193156/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-21197174">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Davos+Man+eyes+investment+opportunities&rft.date=2013-01-26&rft.aulast=Madslien&rft.aufirst=Jorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-21197174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Weber, Tim (26 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7201300.stm">"A Beginners' Guide to Davos"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923022240/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7201300.stm">Archived</a> 23 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 25 January 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/press/2018/01/forum-closes-with-call-to-action-globalize-compassion-and-leave-no-one-behind">"Forum Closes with Call to Action: Globalize Compassion and Leave No One Behind"</a>. 26 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016203258/https://www.weforum.org/press/2018/01/forum-closes-with-call-to-action-globalize-compassion-and-leave-no-one-behind">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forum+Closes+with+Call+to+Action%3A+Globalize+Compassion+and+Leave+No+One+Behind&rft.date=2018-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fpress%2F2018%2F01%2Fforum-closes-with-call-to-action-globalize-compassion-and-leave-no-one-behind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weforum.org/en/events/ArchivedEvents/AnnualMeeting2008/">"Forum's homepage"</a>. Weforum.org. Retrieved 7 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forum%27s+homepage&rft.pub=Weforum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fen%2Fevents%2FArchivedEvents%2FAnnualMeeting2008%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuben2013" class="citation news cs1">Reuben, Anthony (27 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-21197175">"My first Davos – what I learned"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104193156/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-21197175">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=My+first+Davos+%E2%80%93+what+I+learned&rft.date=2013-01-27&rft.aulast=Reuben&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-21197175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> My first Davos – what I learned </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WorldEconomicForum">"Kanaal van WorldEconomicForum"</a>. YouTube. 31 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110225014719/http://www.youtube.com/user/WorldEconomicForum">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kanaal+van+WorldEconomicForum&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2010-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fuser%2FWorldEconomicForum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldeconomicforum">"World Economic Forum's Photostream"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329072907/http://www.flickr.com/photos/worldeconomicforum/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Forum%27s+Photostream&rft.pub=Flickr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fworldeconomicforum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2018/">"48th World Economic Forum Annual Meeting"</a>. World Economic Forum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180123010157/https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2018">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=48th+World+Economic+Forum+Annual+Meeting&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fevents%2Fworld-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2009" class="citation web cs1">Howe, Dave (9 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/creativity-can-save-the-w_b_228951">"Creativity Can Save the World"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190617151540/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/creativity-can-save-the-w_b_228951">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Creativity+Can+Save+the+World&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fcreativity-can-save-the-w_b_228951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a>'s declaration that "the need for global cooperation has never been greater". </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/davos-agenda-trust-global-cooperation/">"Building trust: Here's what you need to know about The Davos Agenda 2021"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118215241/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/davos-agenda-trust-global-cooperation/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024. 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Retrieved 24 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weforum.org&rft.atitle=Davos+2022%3A+Who%27s+coming+and+everything+else+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2022-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2022%2F05%2Fdavos-2022-whos-coming-and-everything-else-you-need-to-know&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2023">"World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2023"</a>. weforum.org. 7 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108052939/https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2023">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2023. 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Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Global+Elites%3A+%27No+Money%2C+No+Problems%27&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft.aulast=Bronitsky&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fglobal-elites-no-money-no-problems-opinion-1755651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nationalreview-2023-132"><a href="#cite_ref-nationalreview-2023_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeraghty2023" class="citation news cs1">Geraghty, Jim (17 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/davos-elites-try-to-save-the-world-while-ignoring-actual-threats/">"Davos Elites Try to Save the World while Ignoring Actual Threats"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=Davos+Elites+Try+to+Save+the+World+while+Ignoring+Actual+Threats&rft.date=2023-01-17&rft.aulast=Geraghty&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fthe-morning-jolt%2Fdavos-elites-try-to-save-the-world-while-ignoring-actual-threats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-factcheck-133"><a href="#cite_ref-reuters-factcheck_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-wef-idUSKBN2AP2T0">"Fact check: The World Economic Forum does not have a stated goal to have people own nothing by 2030"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Fact+check%3A+The+World+Economic+Forum+does+not+have+a+stated+goal+to+have+people+own+nothing+by+2030&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-factcheck-wef-idUSKBN2AP2T0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/video/2019/jan/30/this-is-not-rocket-science-rutger-bregman-tells-davos-to-talk-about-tax-video">"'This is not rocket science': Rutger Bregman tells Davos to talk about tax – video"</a>. the Guardian. 30 January 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623143504/https://www.theguardian.com/business/video/2019/jan/30/this-is-not-rocket-science-rutger-bregman-tells-davos-to-talk-about-tax-video">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27This+is+not+rocket+science%27%3A+Rutger+Bregman+tells+Davos+to+talk+about+tax+%E2%80%93+video&rft.date=2019-01-30&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2Fvideo%2F2019%2Fjan%2F30%2Fthis-is-not-rocket-science-rutger-bregman-tells-davos-to-talk-about-tax-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2019" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Larry (1 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/feb/01/rutger-bregman-world-economic-forum-davos-speech-tax-billionaires-capitalism">"'This is about saving capitalism': the Dutch historian who savaged Davos elite"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813221814/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/feb/01/rutger-bregman-world-economic-forum-davos-speech-tax-billionaires-capitalism">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27This+is+about+saving+capitalism%27%3A+the+Dutch+historian+who+savaged+Davos+elite&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F01%2Frutger-bregman-world-economic-forum-davos-speech-tax-billionaires-capitalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Timothy Garton Ash. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/comment/story/0,,1404411,00.html">Davos man's death wish</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821094256/http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0%2C%2C1404411%2C00.html">Archived</a> 21 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 3 February 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Samuel Huntington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalinterest.org/article/dead-souls-the-denationalization-of-the-american-elite-620">"Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914184047/http://nationalinterest.org/article/dead-souls-the-denationalization-of-the-american-elite-620">Archived</a> 14 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a>, Spring 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2015" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Andrew (20 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tni.org/en/article/world-economic-forum-a-history-and-analysis">"World Economic Forum: A History and Analysis"</a>. The Transnational Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809055744/https://www.tni.org/en/article/world-economic-forum-a-history-and-analysis">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Transnational+Institute&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Forum%3A+A+History+and+Analysis&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tni.org%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fworld-economic-forum-a-history-and-analysis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2019" class="citation web cs1">Müller, Henrik (21 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=https://www.manager-magazin.de/politik/weltwirtschaft/wef-in-davos-weltwirtschaftsforum-und-seine-probleme-a-1248970.html&prev=search">""Davos Man" and his successors"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614163618/https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=https://www.manager-magazin.de/politik/weltwirtschaft/wef-in-davos-weltwirtschaftsforum-und-seine-probleme-a-1248970.html&prev=search">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Davos+Man%22+and+his+successors&rft.date=2019-01-21&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Henrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dde%26u%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.manager-magazin.de%2Fpolitik%2Fweltwirtschaft%2Fwef-in-davos-weltwirtschaftsforum-und-seine-probleme-a-1248970.html%26prev%3Dsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/geld-fuer-sicherheit-am-wef-knurrende-zustimmung-vom-staenderat-zu-wef-geldern">"Geld für Sicherheit am WEF – Knurrende Zustimmung vom Ständerat zu WEF-Geldern"</a>. Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF). 11 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713084558/https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/geld-fuer-sicherheit-am-wef-knurrende-zustimmung-vom-staenderat-zu-wef-geldern">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Schweizer+Radio+und+Fernsehen+%28SRF%29&rft.atitle=Geld+f%C3%BCr+Sicherheit+am+WEF+%E2%80%93+Knurrende+Zustimmung+vom+St%C3%A4nderat+zu+WEF-Geldern&rft.date=2021-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srf.ch%2Fnews%2Fschweiz%2Fgeld-fuer-sicherheit-am-wef-knurrende-zustimmung-vom-staenderat-zu-wef-geldern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suedostschweiz.ch/politik/2021-02-24/bundesrat-streicht-dem-wef-geld">"Bundesrat streicht dem WEF Geld"</a> [Federal Council cancels WEF funding]. <a href="/wiki/Die_S%C3%BCdostschweiz" title="Die Südostschweiz">Die Südostschweiz</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Swiss Telegraphic Agency">sda</a>. 24 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712121842/https://www.suedostschweiz.ch/politik/2021-02-24/bundesrat-streicht-dem-wef-geld">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+S%C3%BCdostschweiz&rft.atitle=Bundesrat+streicht+dem+WEF+Geld&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suedostschweiz.ch%2Fpolitik%2F2021-02-24%2Fbundesrat-streicht-dem-wef-geld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/abstimmungen/abstimmungen/abstimmungen-davos/davos-stimmt-ab-mehr-geld-fuer-das-wef">Davos stimmt ab – Mehr Geld für das WEF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223146/https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/abstimmungen/abstimmungen/abstimmungen-davos/davos-stimmt-ab-mehr-geld-fuer-das-wef">Archived</a> 23 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(in German) SRF.ch. Retrieved 23 January 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFluri" class="citation web cs1">Fluri, Lucien. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aargauerzeitung.ch%2Fschweiz%2Fdas-reiche-wef-waelzt-kosten-fuer-die-sicherheit-auf-bund-und-kantone-ab-das-stoesst-auf-kritik-136222933&prev=search">"Das reiche WEF wälzt Kosten für die Sicherheit auf Bund und Kantone ab – das stösst auf Kritik"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614164950/https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/schweiz/das-reiche-wef-waelzt-kosten-fuer-die-sicherheit-auf-bund-und-kantone-ab-das-stoesst-auf-kritik-136222933&prev=search">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020. 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Retrieved 19 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cardinal+M%C3%BCller+and+the+conspiracy+myths&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oberhessische-zeitung.de%2Fpolitik%2Fausland%2Fkardinal-muller-und-die-verschworungsmythen_24989665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJansen" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jansen, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/zentralrat-der-juden-kardinal-mueller-bedient-antisemitische-chiffren-17684690.html">"Zentralrat der Juden wirft Kardinal Müller 'antisemitische Chiffren' vor"</a> [Statement on Corona pandemic: Central Council of Jews accuses Cardinal Müller of "anti-Semitic ciphers"]. 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Retrieved 19 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Faz.net&rft.atitle=Zentralrat+der+Juden+wirft+Kardinal+M%C3%BCller+%27antisemitische+Chiffren%27+vor&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fpolitik%2Finland%2Fzentralrat-der-juden-kardinal-mueller-bedient-antisemitische-chiffren-17684690.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamal2023" class="citation news cs1">Jamal, Hebh (19 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/19/ukraine-a-special-case-emails-show-wef-palestine-hypocrisy">"Ukraine a 'special case': Is the WEF 'hypocritical' on Palestine?"</a>. Al Jazeera English. 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Retrieved 19 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+a+%27special+case%27%3A+Is+the+WEF+%27hypocritical%27+on+Palestine%3F&rft.date=2023-01-19&rft.aulast=Jamal&rft.aufirst=Hebh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F1%2F19%2Fukraine-a-special-case-emails-show-wef-palestine-hypocrisy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mondoweiss.net/2023/03/the-world-economic-forum-has-outed-itself-as-anti-palestinian/">"The World Economic Forum has outed itself as anti-Palestinian"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mondoweiss&rft.atitle=The+World+Economic+Forum+has+outed+itself+as+anti-Palestinian&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmondoweiss.net%2F2023%2F03%2Fthe-world-economic-forum-has-outed-itself-as-anti-palestinian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosley2021" class="citation news cs1">Bosley, Catherine (17 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-17/world-economic-forum-to-cancel-annual-meeting-in-singapore">"WEF Cancels Singapore Meeting as Pandemic Haunts Global Event"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730163733/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-17/world-economic-forum-to-cancel-annual-meeting-in-singapore">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=WEF+Cancels+Singapore+Meeting+as+Pandemic+Haunts+Global+Event&rft.date=2021-05-17&rft.aulast=Bosley&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-05-17%2Fworld-economic-forum-to-cancel-annual-meeting-in-singapore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPöschl2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pöschl, Fabian (25 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.20min.ch/story/wef-chef-droht-davos-wegen-ueberrissener-preise-917744096507">"WEF-Chef Klaus Schwab droht Davos wegen überrissener Preise"</a>. 20 Minuten (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730163735/https://www.20min.ch/story/wef-chef-droht-davos-wegen-ueberrissener-preise-917744096507">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=20+Minuten&rft.atitle=WEF-Chef+Klaus+Schwab+droht+Davos+wegen+%C3%BCberrissener+Preise&rft.date=2021-06-25&rft.aulast=P%C3%B6schl&rft.aufirst=Fabian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.20min.ch%2Fstory%2Fwef-chef-droht-davos-wegen-ueberrissener-preise-917744096507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blick.ch/wirtschaft/geschaeftemacherei-selbstzufriedenheit-wef-gruender-klaus-schwab-kritisiert-davos-scharf-id16627148.html">"WEF-Gründer Klaus Schwab kritisiert Davos scharf"</a>. Blick (in German). 24 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730163734/https://www.blick.ch/wirtschaft/geschaeftemacherei-selbstzufriedenheit-wef-gruender-klaus-schwab-kritisiert-davos-scharf-id16627148.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blick&rft.atitle=WEF-Gr%C3%BCnder+Klaus+Schwab+kritisiert+Davos+scharf&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blick.ch%2Fwirtschaft%2Fgeschaeftemacherei-selbstzufriedenheit-wef-gruender-klaus-schwab-kritisiert-davos-scharf-id16627148.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quartz-18-10-22-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quartz-18-10-22_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quartz-18-10-22_184-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quartz-18-10-22_184-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan2018" class="citation news cs1">Hassan, Aisha (23 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1432766/the-wef-wants-nothing-to-do-with-saudi-arabias-davos-in-the-desert/">"The organizers of Davos want nothing to do with Saudi Arabia's "Davos in the Desert""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a>. Quartz Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192733/https://qz.com/1432766/the-wef-wants-nothing-to-do-with-saudi-arabias-davos-in-the-desert/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=The+organizers+of+Davos+want+nothing+to+do+with+Saudi+Arabia%27s+%22Davos+in+the+Desert%22&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft.aulast=Hassan&rft.aufirst=Aisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1432766%2Fthe-wef-wants-nothing-to-do-with-saudi-arabias-davos-in-the-desert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WEF-PR_18-10-22-185"><a href="#cite_ref-WEF-PR_18-10-22_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/press/2018/10/world-economic-forum-objects-to-misuse-of-the-davos-brand/">"World Economic Forum Objects to Misuse of the 'Davos' Brand"</a> (Press release). World Economic Forum. 22 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192220/https://www.weforum.org/press/2018/10/world-economic-forum-objects-to-misuse-of-the-davos-brand/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Forum+Objects+to+Misuse+of+the+%27Davos%27+Brand&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fpress%2F2018%2F10%2Fworld-economic-forum-objects-to-misuse-of-the-davos-brand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ-18-10-22-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ-18-10-22_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ-18-10-22_186-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakab2018" class="citation news cs1">Jakab, Spencer (22 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-davos-of-public-relations-disasters-1540222657">"The Davos of Public Relations Disasters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company" title="Dow Jones & Company">Dow Jones & Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024002737/https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-davos-of-public-relations-disasters-1540222657">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018. 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Retrieved 24 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=WEF+Condemns+Use+of+%27Davos%27+Label+One+Day+Before+Saudi+Summit&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft.aulast=Bosley&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-10-22%2Fwef-condemns-use-of-davos-label-one-day-before-saudi-summit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100202022348/http://www.openforumdavos.ch/">"Open Forum Davos, Schweizerischer Evangelischer Kirchenbund"</a>. Openforumdavos.ch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openforumdavos.ch/">the original</a> on 2 February 2010. 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YouTube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110125214215/http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=78AB043A344C2C6A">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Forum&rft.pub=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fview_play_list%3Fp%3D78AB043A344C2C6A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLang2011" class="citation news cs1">Lang, Olivia (28 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/davos/9379067.stm">"BBC Davos Day three"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231130124254/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/davos/9379067.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Davos+Day+three&rft.date=2011-01-28&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2Fdavos%2F9379067.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Economic+Forum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-schweizaktuell-20150116-192"><a href="#cite_ref-schweizaktuell-20150116_192-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srf.ch/news/wirtschaft/wef-2015/wef-ohne-kritiker">Gianluca Galgani: WEF ohne Kritiker</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804084820/http://www.srf.ch/news/wirtschaft/wef-2015/wef-ohne-kritiker">Archived</a> 4 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen, 16 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2015. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: General and cited references">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://99faces.tv/matthiasluefkens/">"How to Open the World Economic Forum"</a> – Matthias Lüfkens in interview with 99FACES.tv</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bornstein_(author)" title="David Bornstein (author)">Bornstein, David</a> (2007). How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533476-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533476-0">978-0-19-533476-0</a>. 358 pages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/12/60minutes/main6202302.shtml?tag=currentVideoInfo;segmentUtilities">"Behind the Scenes at Davos"</a> broadcast 14 February 2010 on <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kellerman_(academic)" title="Barbara Kellerman (academic)">Kellerman, Barbara</a> (1999). Reinventing Leadership: Making the Connection Between Politics and Business. Albany, New York: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4071-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4071-1">978-0-7914-4071-1</a>. 268 pages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Moore, Mike</a> (2003). A World Without Walls: Freedom, Development, Free Trade and Global Governance. Cambridge; New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82701-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82701-0">978-0-521-82701-0</a>. 292 pages.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Allen_Pigman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Allen Pigman (page does not exist)">Pigman, Geoffrey Allen</a> (2007). The World Economic Forum: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Global Governance. London; New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-70204-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-70204-1">978-0-415-70204-1</a>. 175 pages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rothkopf" title="David Rothkopf">Rothkopf, David J.</a> (2008). Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making. New York: <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-27210-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-27210-4">978-0-374-27210-4</a>. 376 pages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Schwab, Klaus M.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hein_Kroos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hein Kroos (page does not exist)">Kroos, Hein</a> (1971). Moderne Unternehmensführung im Maschinenbau. Frankfurt: Verein Dt. Maschinenbau-Anst. e.V. Maschinenbau-Verl. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256314575">256314575</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407100645/http://www.weforum.org/reports/everybody%E2%80%99s-business-strengthening-international-cooperation-more-interdependent-world">"Everybody's Business: Strengthening International Cooperation in a More Interdependent World"</a>—World Economic Forum; launched May 2010, Doha, Qatar</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Wolf_(economist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Wolf (economist) (page does not exist)">Wolf, Michael</a> (1999). The Entertainment Economy: How Mega-Media Forces Are Transforming Our Lives. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3042-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3042-9">978-0-8129-3042-9</a>. 336 pages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Belt_and_Road_Initiative" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Corridors_and_projects(2019_Joint_Communique)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Corridors and <a href="/wiki/List_of_projects_of_the_Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="List of projects of the Belt and Road Initiative">projects</a> (2019 Joint Communique)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China-Pakistan_Economic_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="China-Pakistan Economic Corridor">China-Pakistan Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Himalayan_Multi-dimensional_Connectivity_Network" title="Trans-Himalayan Multi-dimensional Connectivity Network">Trans-Himalayan Network</a>/<a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Nepal Railway">China–Nepal Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Myanmar_Economic_Corridor" title="China-Myanmar Economic Corridor">China-Myanmar Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_seaboard_of_Thailand" title="Eastern seaboard of Thailand">Eastern Economic Corridor</a> (Thailand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Corridors,_One_Belt" title="Two Corridors, One Belt">Two Corridors, One Belt</a> (Vietnam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mekong_Subregion" title="Greater Mekong Subregion">Economic corridor in Greater Mekong Subregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Indochina_Peninsula_Economic_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor">China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laos-China_Economic_Corridor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laos-China Economic Corridor (page does not exist)">Laos-China Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming%E2%80%93Singapore_railway#Central_route" title="Kunming–Singapore railway">China-Laos-Thailand Railway Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_International_Land-Sea_Trade_Corridor" title="New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor">New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93China_relations#Economic_relations" title="Brunei–China relations">Brunei-Guangxi Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Central_Asia-West_Asia_Economic_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor">China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M41_highway" title="M41 highway">Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-China International Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan_International_Highway" title="China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan International Highway">China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan International Highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Eurasian_Land_Bridge" title="New Eurasian Land Bridge">New Eurasian Land Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Piraeus" title="Port of Piraeus">Port of Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest%E2%80%93Belgrade_railway" title="Budapest–Belgrade railway">China-Europe Land-Sea Express Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku%E2%80%93Tbilisi%E2%80%93Kars_railway" title="Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway">Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway</a>/<a href="/wiki/Port_of_Baku#Alat" title="Port of Baku">Alyat Free Economic Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-European_Transport_Network" title="Trans-European Transport Network">Trans-European Transport Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACECA" title="TRACECA">TRACECA</a>/<a href="/wiki/TITR" class="mw-redirect" title="TITR">TITR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Belarus_Industrial_Park" title="China–Belarus Industrial Park">China–Belarus Industrial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia%E2%80%93Russia_Economic_Corridor" title="China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor">China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_North%E2%80%93South_Transport_Corridor" title="International North–South Transport Corridor">International North–South Transport Corridor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal#Suez_Canal_Economic_Zone" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal Economic Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape to Cairo Road">Cape to Cairo Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Sudan" title="Rail transport in Sudan">Port Sudan-Ethiopia Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa%E2%80%93Djibouti_Railway" title="Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway">Addis Ababa-Djibouti Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Corridor" title="Northern Corridor">Northern Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu_Port_and_Lamu-Southern_Sudan-Ethiopia_Transport_Corridor" title="Lamu Port and Lamu-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor">LAPSSET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">VICMED</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Negra_Pass#Agua_Negra_Tunnel" title="Agua Negra Pass">Agua Negra Pass International Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Transoceanic fiber optic cable</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_China#Polar_Silk_Road" title="Arctic policy of China">Polar Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Silk_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Silk Road (page does not exist)">Air Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Silk_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Silk Road (page does not exist)">Space Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_Silk_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital Silk Road (page does not exist)">Digital Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Energy_Interconnection" title="Global Energy Interconnection">Global Energy Interconnection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCIM_Economic_Corridor" title="BCIM Economic Corridor">Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Related Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hulhumal%C3%A9" title="Hulhumalé">Hulhumalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqm" title="Duqm">Sino-Oman Industrial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Industrial_Zone" title="Khalifa Industrial Zone">China-UAE Industrial Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Haifa" title="Port of Haifa">Port of Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekki#Lekki_Free_Trade_Zone" title="Lekki">Lekki Free Trade Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/150px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/225px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/300px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Financial" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Financial</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_of_the_renminbi" title="Internationalization of the renminbi">Internationalization of the renminbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_bonds" title="Panda bonds">Panda bonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_finance_and_the_Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Green finance and the Belt and Road Initiative">Green finance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Banking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Policy_bank" title="Policy bank">Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Development_Bank_of_China" title="Agricultural Development Bank of China">Agricultural Development Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exim_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Exim Bank of China">China Exim Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosure" title="Sinosure">Sinosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_United_SME_Guarantee_Corporation" title="China United SME Guarantee Corporation">Sino Guarantee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/International_financial_institutions#Multilateral_development_banks" title="International financial institutions">Multilateral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO_Interbank_Consortium" title="SCO Interbank Consortium">SCO Interbank Consortium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Fund" title="Silk Road Fund">Silk Road Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Silk_Road_Fund" title="Green Silk Road Fund">Green Silk Road Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Eurasian_Economic_Cooperation_Fund" title="China-Eurasian Economic Cooperation Fund">China-Eurasian Economic Cooperation Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-ASEAN_Investment_Cooperation_Fund" title="China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund">China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-China_Investment_Fund" title="Russia-China Investment Fund">Russia-China Investment Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-CEE_Investment_Cooperation_Fund" title="China-CEE Investment Cooperation Fund">China-CEE Investment Cooperation Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-LAC_Cooperation_Fund" title="China-LAC Cooperation Fund">China-LAC Cooperation Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Latin_American_Production_Capacity_Cooperation_Investment_Fund" title="Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund">Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China-Brazil_Fund" title="China-Brazil Fund">China-Brazil Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Africa_Development_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="China Africa Development Fund">China Africa Development Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Credit lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Loan_Program_for_China-Latin_America_Infrastructure_Project" title="Special Loan Program for China-Latin America Infrastructure Project">Special Loan Program for China-Latin America Infrastructure Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Arab_States_Cooperation_Forum#Special_loans" title="China–Arab States Cooperation Forum">China-Arab states special loans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Political" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Construction_Leadership_Group" title="Belt and Road Construction Leadership Group">Leading Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_shared_future_for_mankind" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of shared future for mankind">Community of shared future for mankind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dialogue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt and Road Forum">Belt and Road Forum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Belt_and_Road_Forum" title="2017 Belt and Road Forum">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Belt_and_Road_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 Belt and Road Forum (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belt_and_Road_Forum" title="2023 Belt and Road Forum">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Multilateral mechanisms (2019 Leading Group report) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC" class="mw-redirect" title="APEC">APEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Europe_Meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Europe Meeting">Asia-Europe Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia" title="Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia">Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93China_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–China Free Trade Area">ASEAN-China (10+1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancang-Mekong_Cooperation_Mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism">Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mekong_Subregion" title="Greater Mekong Subregion">Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Tumen_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Tumen Initiative (page does not exist)">Greater Tumen Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia_Regional_Economic_Cooperation_Program" title="Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program">Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_on_China-Africa_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum on China-Africa Cooperation">Forum on China-Africa Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Arab_States_Cooperation_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="China-Arab States Cooperation Forum">China-Arab States Cooperation Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=China-CELAC_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China-CELAC Forum (page does not exist)">China-CELAC Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_between_China_and_Central_and_Eastern_European_Countries" title="Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries">China-CEEC (14+1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">China-Pacific Island Countries Forum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World Economic Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boao_Forum_for_Asia" title="Boao Forum for Asia">Boao Forum for Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Category:Belt and Road Initiative">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170418#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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