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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Early 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buyouts_(2005–2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buyouts_(2005–2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Buyouts (2005–2007) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buyouts_(2005–2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_public_offering_in_2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_public_offering_in_2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Initial public offering in 2007 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_public_offering_in_2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_to_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_to_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 2008 to 2010 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_to_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investments_2011_to_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investments_2011_to_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Investments 2011 to 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investments_2011_to_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investments_since_2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investments_since_2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Investments since 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investments_since_2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_exits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_exits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Recent exits </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_exits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Recent exits subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_exits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IBS_Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBS_Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 IBS Software </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBS_Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hotel_Investment_Partners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hotel_Investment_Partners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Hotel Investment Partners </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hotel_Investment_Partners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embassy_Office_Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embassy_Office_Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Embassy Office Parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embassy_Office_Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corporate_private_equity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_private_equity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Corporate private equity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_private_equity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real_estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real_estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Real estate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real_estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketable_alternative_asset_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketable_alternative_asset_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Marketable alternative asset management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketable_alternative_asset_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Warrantless_disclosure_of_Motel_6_occupancies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warrantless_disclosure_of_Motel_6_occupancies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Warrantless disclosure of Motel 6 occupancies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warrantless_disclosure_of_Motel_6_occupancies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry_acquisition_and_data_leaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_acquisition_and_data_leaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Ancestry acquisition and data leaks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_acquisition_and_data_leaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegal_child_labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_child_labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Illegal child labor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_child_labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Leadership </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Leadership subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Executives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Board of directors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Blackstone Inc.</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" > 26 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="مجموعة بلاكستون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة بلاكستون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بلکایستون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلکایستون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Блекстоун Груп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Блекстоун Груп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Inc." title="Blackstone Inc. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Blackstone Inc." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بلک‌استون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلک‌استون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_(finance)" title="Blackstone (finance) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Blackstone (finance)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9" title="블랙스톤 그룹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블랙스톤 그룹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone" title="Blackstone – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Blackstone" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Inc." title="Blackstone Inc. – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Blackstone Inc." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="ブラックストーン・グループ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブラックストーン・グループ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone" title="Blackstone – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Blackstone" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blackstone_Group" title="The Blackstone Group – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_(f%C3%B6retag)" title="Blackstone (företag) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Blackstone (företag)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Group" title="Blackstone Group – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Blackstone Group" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%B3%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="黑石集团 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黑石集团" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q880942#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American alternative investment company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a>, an investment management firm.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Blackstone (disambiguation)">Blackstone</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Blackstone Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Blackstone_Group_logo_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_Blackstone_Group_logo_%282%29.svg/220px-The_Blackstone_Group_logo_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_Blackstone_Group_logo_%282%29.svg/330px-The_Blackstone_Group_logo_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_Blackstone_Group_logo_%282%29.svg/440px-The_Blackstone_Group_logo_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="196" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:345park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/345park.jpg/220px-345park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/345park.jpg/330px-345park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/345park.jpg/440px-345park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="1349" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters at <a href="/wiki/345_Park_Avenue" title="345 Park Avenue">345 Park Avenue</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:BX">BX</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1985; 40 years ago (1985)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Peterson" title="Peter G. Peterson">Peter Peterson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman" title="Stephen A. Schwarzman">Stephen Schwarzman</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/345_Park_Avenue" title="345 Park Avenue">345 Park Avenue</a> New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Stephen Schwarzman (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_and_CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman and CEO">chairman and CEO</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_D._Gray" title="Jonathan D. Gray">Jonathan Gray</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Baratta" title="Joseph Baratta">Joseph Baratta</a> (head of private equity)</li><li><a href="/wiki/David_Blitzer" title="David Blitzer">David Blitzer</a> (chairman of tactical opportunities)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_investment" title="Alternative investment">Alternative investment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>8.02 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$2.44 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$1.04 trillion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$40.3 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$6.82 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,735 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Credit" title="Blackstone Credit">Blackstone Credit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blackstone.com">blackstone.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-10K-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Blackstone Inc. is an American <a href="/wiki/Alternative_investment" title="Alternative investment">alternative investment</a> management company based in New York City. It was founded in 1985 as a <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">mergers and acquisitions</a> firm by <a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Peterson" title="Peter G. Peterson">Peter Peterson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman" title="Stephen A. Schwarzman">Stephen Schwarzman</a>, who had previously worked together at <a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a>. Blackstone's <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> business has been one of the largest investors in <a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyouts</a> in the last three decades, while its real estate business has actively acquired commercial real estate across the globe. Blackstone is also active in credit, infrastructure, <a href="/wiki/Hedge_funds" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedge funds">hedge funds</a>, secondaries, growth equity, and insurance solutions. 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">History of private equity and venture capital</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_Street_Sign_(5899884048).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg/150px-Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg/225px-Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg/300px-Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_private_equity" title="Early history of private equity">Early history</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (origins of modern <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a>)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1980s" title="Private equity in the 1980s">The 1980s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyout</a> boom)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1990s" title="Private equity in the 1990s">The 1990s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyout</a> and the venture capital bubble)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2000s" title="Private equity in the 2000s">The 2000s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Credit_crunch" title="Credit crunch">credit crunch</a>)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2010s" title="Private equity in the 2010s">The 2010s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (expansion)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2020s" title="Private equity in the 2020s">The 2020s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a>)</td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template:History of private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template talk:History of private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_early_history">Founding and early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding and early history">edit</a>]</div> Blackstone was founded in 1985 by <a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Peterson" title="Peter G. Peterson">Peter G. Peterson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman" title="Stephen A. Schwarzman">Stephen A. Schwarzman</a> with <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>400,000 (equivalent to $1.1 million in 2023) in <a href="/wiki/Seed_money" title="Seed money">seed capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 45–56 <a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The founders derived their firm's name from their names: "Schwarz" is German for "black"; "Peter", "petros" (πέτρος, masculine), or "petra" (πετρα, feminine) means "stone" or "rock" in Greek.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The two founders had previously worked together at <a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers,_Kuhn,_Loeb_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Lehman Brothers, Kuhn, Loeb Inc.">Lehman Brothers</a>. There, Schwarzman served as head of global mergers and acquisitions business.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Prominent investment banker <a href="/wiki/Roger_C._Altman" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger C. Altman">Roger C. Altman</a>, another Lehman veteran, left his position as a managing director of <a href="/wiki/Shearson_Lehman_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Shearson Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a> to join Peterson and Schwarzman at Blackstone in 1987, but left in 1992 to join the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton administration">Clinton administration</a> as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Secretary of the Treasury">Deputy Treasury Secretary</a> and later founded advisory investment bank <a href="/wiki/Evercore" title="Evercore">Evercore Partners</a> in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Blackstone was originally formed as a mergers and acquisitions advisory boutique. It advised on the 1987 merger of investment banks <a href="/wiki/E._F._Hutton_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="E. F. Hutton & Co.">E. F. Hutton & Co.</a> and Shearson Lehman Brothers, collecting a $3.5 million fee.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PeterGeorgePeterson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PeterGeorgePeterson.jpg/170px-PeterGeorgePeterson.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PeterGeorgePeterson.jpg/255px-PeterGeorgePeterson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PeterGeorgePeterson.jpg/340px-PeterGeorgePeterson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>Blackstone co-founder <a href="/wiki/Peter_George_Peterson" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter George Peterson">Peter Peterson</a> was the former chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers,_Kuhn,_Loeb_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Lehman Brothers, Kuhn, Loeb Inc.">Lehman Brothers</a>.</figcaption></figure> From the outset in 1985, Schwarzman and Peterson planned to enter the private equity business but had difficulty in raising their first fund because neither had ever led a leveraged buyout.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 45–56  Blackstone finalized fundraising for its first private equity fund in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)" title="Black Monday (1987)">Black Monday</a>, the October 1987 global stock market crash. After two years of providing strictly advisory services, Blackstone decided to pursue a merchant banking model after its founders determined that many situations required an investment partner rather than just an advisor. The largest investors in the first fund included <a href="/wiki/Prudential_Insurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Prudential Insurance Company">Prudential Insurance Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikko_Securities" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikko Securities">Nikko Securities</a> and the <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> pension fund.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Blackstone also ventured into other businesses, most notably investment management. In 1987 Blackstone entered into a 50–50 partnership with the founders of <a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_D._Fink" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence D. Fink">Larry Fink</a> (current CEO of BlackRock), and Ralph Schlosstein (CEO of <a href="/wiki/Evercore" title="Evercore">Evercore</a>). The two founders, who had previously run the mortgage-backed securities divisions at <a href="/wiki/First_Boston" title="First Boston">First Boston</a> and Lehman Brothers, respectively, initially joined Blackstone to manage an investment fund and provide advice to financial institutions. They also planned to use a Blackstone fund to invest in financial institutions and help build an asset management business specializing in fixed income investments.<a href="#cite_note-BXS1-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> As the business grew, Japanese bank Nikko Securities acquired a 20% interest in Blackstone for a $100 million investment in 1988 (valuing the firm at $500 million). Nikko's investment allowed for a major expansion of the firm and its investment activities.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The growth firm also recruited politician and investment banker <a href="/wiki/David_Stockman" title="David Stockman">David Stockman</a> from <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Brothers" title="Salomon Brothers">Salomon Brothers</a> in 1988. Stockman led many key deals in his time at the firm but had a mixed record with his investments.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 144–147  He left Blackstone in 1999 to start his own private equity firm, <a href="/wiki/Heartland_Industrial_Partners" title="Heartland Industrial Partners">Heartland Industrial Partners</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich, Connecticut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The firm advised <a href="/wiki/CBS_Corporation" title="CBS Corporation">CBS Corporation</a> on its 1988 sale of CBS Records to <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> to form what would become <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In June 1989, Blackstone acquired freight railroad operator <a href="/wiki/CNW_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="CNW Corporation">CNW Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> That same year, Blackstone partnered with Salomon Brothers to raise $600 million to acquire distressed <a href="/wiki/Savings_and_loan_association" title="Savings and loan association">thrifts</a> in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis" title="Savings and loan crisis">savings and loan crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1990s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackstone_Group_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Blackstone_Group_logo.png/200px-Blackstone_Group_logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Blackstone_Group_logo.png/300px-Blackstone_Group_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Blackstone_Group_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="86" /></a><figcaption>The Blackstone Group logo in use prior to the firm's rebranding as simply Blackstone</figcaption></figure> In 1990, Blackstone launched its hedge funds business, initially intended to manage investments for Blackstone senior management.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> That same year, Blackstone formed a partnership with J. O. Hambro Magan in the UK and <a href="/wiki/Credit_Agricole_Indosuez" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit Agricole Indosuez">Indosuez</a> in France.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Additionally, Blackstone and Silverman acquired a 65% interest in Prime Motor Inn's <a href="/wiki/Ramada" title="Ramada">Ramada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Johnson%27s" title="Howard Johnson's">Howard Johnson</a> franchises for $140 million, creating Hospitality Franchise Systems as a <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In 1991, Blackstone created its Europe unit<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> and launched its real estate investment business with the acquisition of a series of hotel businesses under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Silverman" title="Henry Silverman">Henry Silverman</a>. In October 1991, Blackstone and Silverman added <a href="/wiki/Days_Inns_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Days Inns of America">Days Inns of America</a> for $250 million.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In 1993, Hospitality Franchise Systems acquired <a href="/wiki/Super_8_Worldwide" class="mw-redirect" title="Super 8 Worldwide">Super 8 Motels</a> for $125 million.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Silverman would ultimately leave Blackstone to serve as CEO of HFS, which later became <a href="/wiki/Cendant_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cendant Corporation">Cendant Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Blackstone made a number of notable investments in the early and mid-1990s, including <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Dredge_and_Dock_Company" title="Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company">Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Six_Flags" title="Six Flags">Six Flags</a> (1991), US Radio (1994), <a href="/wiki/Centerplate" title="Centerplate">Centerplate</a> (1995), <a href="/wiki/MEGA_Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="MEGA Brands">MEGA Brands</a> (1996). Also, in 1996, Blackstone partnered with the <a href="/wiki/Loewen_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Loewen Group">Loewen Group</a>, the second-largest funeral home and cemetery operator in North America, to acquire funeral home and cemetery businesses. The partnership's first acquisition was a $295 million buyout of Prime Succession from <a href="/wiki/GTCR" title="GTCR">GTCR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1995, Blackstone sold its stake in BlackRock to <a href="/wiki/PNC_Financial_Services" title="PNC Financial Services">PNC Financial Services</a> for $250 million. Between 1995 and 2014, PNC reported $12 billion in pretax revenues and capital gains from BlackRock. Schwarzman later described the selling of BlackRock as his worst business decision ever.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In 1997, Blackstone completed fundraising for its third private equity fund, with approximately $4 billion of investor commitments<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> and a $1.1 billion real estate investment fund.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Also in 1997, Blackstone made its first investment in <a href="/wiki/Allied_Waste_Industries" title="Allied Waste Industries">Allied Waste</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 1998, Blackstone sold a 7% interest in its management company to <a href="/wiki/AIG" class="mw-redirect" title="AIG">AIG</a>, valuing Blackstone at $2.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In 1999, Blackstone partnered with <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Management">Apollo Management</a> to provide capital for Allied Waste's acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Browning-Ferris_Industries" title="Browning-Ferris Industries">Browning-Ferris Industries</a>. Blackstone's investment in Allied was one of its largest at that point in the firm's history.<a href="#cite_note-AlliedWaste-35">[35]</a> In 1999, Blackstone launched its mezzanine capital business. It brought in five professionals, led by Howard Gellis from Nomura Holding America's Leveraged Capital Group, to manage the business.<a href="#cite_note-financing_unit-36">[36]</a> Blackstone's investments in the late 1990s included <a href="/wiki/American_Machine_and_Foundry" title="American Machine and Foundry">AMF Group</a> (1996), <a href="/wiki/Haynes_International" title="Haynes International">Haynes International</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/American_Axle" title="American Axle">American Axle</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/Premcor" title="Premcor">Premcor</a> (1997), CommNet Cellular (1998), Graham Packaging (1998), <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Communications" title="Centennial Communications">Centennial Communications</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/Bresnan_Communications" title="Bresnan Communications">Bresnan Communications</a> (1999), and <a href="/wiki/PAETEC_Holding_Corp." title="PAETEC Holding Corp.">PAETEC Holding Corp.</a> (1999). Haynes and Republic Technologies International both had problems and ultimately filed bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 145–146  Blackstone's investments in telecommunications businesses—four cable TV systems in rural areas (TW Fanch 1 and 2, Bresnan Communications and Intermedia Partners IV) and a cell phone operator in the Rocky Mountain states (CommNet Cellular) were among the most successful of the era, generating $1.5 billion of profits for Blackstone's funds.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 148–155  Blackstone Real Estate Advisers, its real estate affiliate, bought the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_complex" title="Watergate complex">Watergate complex</a> in Washington, D.C. in July 1998 for $39 million<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> and sold it to Monument Realty in August 2004.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_2000s">Early 2000s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early 2000s">edit</a>]</div> In October 2000, Blackstone acquired the mortgage for <a href="/wiki/7_World_Trade_Center_(1987%E2%80%932001)" title="7 World Trade Center (1987–2001)">7 World Trade Center</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Teachers_Insurance_and_Annuity_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association">Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StephenSchwarzman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/StephenSchwarzman.jpg/220px-StephenSchwarzman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/StephenSchwarzman.jpg/330px-StephenSchwarzman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/StephenSchwarzman.jpg/440px-StephenSchwarzman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman" title="Stephen A. Schwarzman">Schwarzman's</a> Blackstone Group completed the first major IPO of a private equity firm in June 2007.<a href="#cite_note-WEF-41">[41]</a></figcaption></figure> In July 2002, Blackstone completed fundraising for a $6.45 billion private equity fund, Blackstone Capital Partners IV, the largest private equity fund at that time.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> With a significant amount of capital in its new fund, Blackstone was one of a handful of private equity investors capable of completing large transactions in the adverse conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Early_2000s_recession" title="Early 2000s recession">early 2000s recession</a>. At the end of 2002, Blackstone, together with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Lee_Partners" title="Thomas H. Lee Partners">Thomas H. Lee Partners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bain_Capital" title="Bain Capital">Bain Capital</a>, acquired <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin Company">Houghton Mifflin Company</a> for $1.28 billion. The transaction represented one of the first large <a href="/wiki/Club_deal" title="Club deal">club deals</a> completed since the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Dot-com bubble</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_E._James" title="Hamilton E. James">Hamilton E. James</a> joined Blackstone, where he serves as president and chief operating officer. He also serves on the firm's executive and management committees, and its board of directors.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In late 2002, Blackstone acquired <a href="/wiki/TRW_Automotive" title="TRW Automotive">TRW Automotive</a> in a $4.7 billion buyout, the largest private equity deal announced that year (the deal was completed in early 2003). <a href="/wiki/TRW_Inc." title="TRW Inc.">TRW</a>'s parent was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>, while Blackstone purchased its automotive parts business, a major supplier of automotive systems.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 176, 197, 206–207 <a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Blackstone also purchased a majority interest in <a href="/wiki/Columbia_House" title="Columbia House">Columbia House</a>, a music-buying club, in mid-2002.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Blackstone made a significant investment in <a href="/wiki/Financial_Guaranty_Insurance_Company" title="Financial Guaranty Insurance Company">Financial Guaranty Insurance Company</a> (FGIC), a <a href="/wiki/Monoline_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoline insurance">monoline bond insurer</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/PMI_Group" title="PMI Group">PMI Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cypress_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cypress Group">The Cypress Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/CIVC_Partners" title="CIVC Partners">CIVC Partners</a>. FGIC incurred heavy losses, along with other bond insurers in the 2008 credit crisis.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Two years later, in 2005, Blackstone was one of seven private equity firms involved in the buyout of <a href="/wiki/SunGard" title="SunGard">SunGard</a> in a transaction valued at $11.3 billion. Blackstone's partners in the acquisition were <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Lake Partners">Silver Lake Partners</a>, Bain Capital, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_Capital_Partners" title="Goldman Sachs Capital Partners">Goldman Sachs Capital Partners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">Kohlberg Kravis Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Providence_Equity_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Equity Partners">Providence Equity Partners</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TPG_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="TPG Capital">TPG Capital</a>. This represented the largest leveraged buyout completed since the takeover of <a href="/wiki/RJR_Nabisco" title="RJR Nabisco">RJR Nabisco</a> at the end of the 1980s leveraged buyout boom. Also, at the time of its announcement, SunGard was the largest buyout of a technology company in history, a distinction it ceded to the buyout of Freescale Semiconductor. The SunGard transaction is also notable for the number of firms involved, the largest club deal completed to that point.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 225  The involvement of seven firms in the consortium was criticized by investors in private equity who considered crossholdings among firms to be generally unattractive.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 2006, Blackstone launched its <a href="/wiki/Long/short_equity" title="Long/short equity">long/short equity</a> hedge fund business, Kailix Advisors. According to Blackstone, as of September 30, 2008, Kailix Advisors had $1.9 billion of assets under management. In December 2008, Blackstone announced that Kailix would be spun off to its management team to form a new fund as an independent entity backed by Blackstone.<a href="#cite_note-hedgerationalize-50">[50]</a> While Blackstone was active on the corporate investment side, it was also busy pursuing real estate investments. Blackstone acquired Prime Hospitality<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extended_Stay_America" title="Extended Stay America">Extended Stay America</a> in 2004. Blackstone followed these investments with the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/La_Quinta_Inns_%26_Suites" title="La Quinta Inns & Suites">La Quinta Inns & Suites</a> in 2005. Blackstone's largest transaction, the $26 billion buyout of <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton Hotels Corporation</a>, occurred in 2007 under the tenure of Hilton CFO <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bollenbach" title="Stephen Bollenbach">Stephen Bollenbach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Extended Stay Hotels was sold to <a href="/wiki/The_Lightstone_Group" title="The Lightstone Group">The Lightstone Group</a> in July 2007 and Prime Hospitality's <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_Inns" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellesley Inns">Wellesley Inns</a> were folded into La Quinta.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> La Quinta Inns & Suites was <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">spun out</a> for IPO in 2014 and later acquired by <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="Wyndham Hotels & Resorts">Wyndham Hotels & Resorts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buyouts_(2005–2007)">Buyouts (2005–2007)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Buyouts (2005–2007)">edit</a>]</div> During the buyout boom of 2006 and 2007, Blackstone completed some of the largest leveraged buyouts. Its most notable transactions during this period included: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Investment</th> <th>Year Acquired</th> <th>Description of Transaction</th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TDC_A/S" class="mw-redirect" title="TDC A/S">TDC</a> </td> <td>2005</td> <td>In December 2005, Blackstone together with a group of firms, including <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">Kohlberg Kravis Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Permira" title="Permira">Permira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apax_Partners" title="Apax Partners">Apax Partners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Providence_Equity_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Equity Partners">Providence Equity Partners</a>, acquired Tele-Denmark Communications. The company was the former telecom monopoly in Denmark, under the banner Nordic Telephone Company (NTC). The acquisition was made for $11 billion.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/EQ_Office" title="EQ Office">EQ Office</a> </td> <td rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;">2006</td> <td>Blackstone completed the $37.7 billion acquisition of one of the largest owners of commercial office properties in the US. At the time of its announcement, the EQ Office buyout became the largest in history, surpassing the buyout of <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Corporation_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Corporation of America">Hospital Corporation of America</a>. It would later be surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">Kohlberg Kravis Roberts</a>'s buyout of <a href="/wiki/Energy_Future_Holdings" title="Energy Future Holdings">TXU</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vornado_Realty_Trust" title="Vornado Realty Trust">Vornado Realty Trust</a> bid against Blackstone, pushing up the final price.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 239–254 <a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a> </td> <td>A consortium led by Blackstone and including the <a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlyle Group">Carlyle Group</a>, Permira and the <a href="/wiki/TPG_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="TPG Capital">TPG Capital</a> completed the $17.6 billion takeover of the semiconductor company. At the time of its announcement, Freescale would be the largest leveraged buyout of a technology company ever, surpassing the 2005 buyout of SunGard. The buyers were forced to pay an extra $800 million because KKR made a last minute bid as the original deal was about to be signed. Shortly after the deal closed in late 2006, cell phone sales at Motorola Corp., Freescale's former corporate parent and a major customer, began dropping sharply. In addition, in the recession of 2008–2009, Freescale's chip sales to automakers fell off, and the company came under great financial strain.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 231–235 <a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Michaels" title="Michaels">Michaels</a> </td> <td>Blackstone, together with Bain Capital, acquired Michaels, the largest arts and crafts retailer in North America in a $6.0 billion leveraged buyout in October 2006. Bain and Blackstone narrowly beat out <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">Kohlberg Kravis Roberts</a> and TPG Capital in an auction for the company.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Holdings" title="Nielsen Holdings">Nielsen Holdings</a> </td> <td>Blackstone together with <a href="/wiki/AlpInvest_Partners" title="AlpInvest Partners">AlpInvest Partners</a>, Carlyle Group, <a href="/wiki/Hellman_%26_Friedman" title="Hellman & Friedman">Hellman & Friedman</a>, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Lee_Partners" title="Thomas H. Lee Partners">Thomas H. Lee Partners</a> acquired the global information and media company formerly known as VNU. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Orangina" title="Orangina">Orangina</a> </td> <td>Blackstone, together with <a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_LLP" title="Lion Capital LLP">Lion Capital</a> acquired Orangina, the bottler, distributor and franchisor of a number of carbonated and other soft drinks in Europe from <a href="/wiki/Cadbury_Schweppes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadbury Schweppes">Cadbury Schweppes</a> for €1.85 billion</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Travelport" title="Travelport">Travelport</a> </td> <td>Travelport, the parent of the travel website Orbitz.com, was acquired from <a href="/wiki/Cendant" title="Cendant">Cendant</a> by Blackstone and <a href="/wiki/Technology_Crossover_Ventures" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology Crossover Ventures">Technology Crossover Ventures</a> in a deal valued at $4.3 billion. The sale of Travelport followed the spin-offs of Cendant's real estate and hospitality businesses, <a href="/wiki/Realogy_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Realogy Corporation">Realogy Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Worldwide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyndham Worldwide">Wyndham Worldwide Corporation</a>, respectively, in July 2006. (Later in the year, TPG and Silver Lake would acquire Travelport's chief competitor <a href="/wiki/Sabre_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabre Holdings">Sabre Holdings</a>.) Soon after the Travelport buyout, Travelport spun off part of its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Orbitz" title="Orbitz">Orbitz Worldwide</a> in an IPO and bought a Travelport competitor, <a href="/wiki/Worldspan" title="Worldspan">Worldspan</a>.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-travelport-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/United_Biscuits" title="United Biscuits">United Biscuits</a> </td> <td>In October 2006 Blackstone, together with <a href="/wiki/PAI_Partners" title="PAI Partners">PAI Partners</a> announced the acquisition of the British biscuit producer. The deal was completed in December 2006.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-find2-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">RGIS Inventory Specialists </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;">2007</td> <td>In March 2007, RGIS announced that Blackstone Group purchased a controlling interest in the company, the terms of the transaction were not disclosed.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Biomet" title="Biomet">Biomet</a> </td> <td>Blackstone, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, TPG Capital and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners acquired Biomet, a medical device manufacturer for $10.9 billion.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Hilton Worldwide </td> <td>Blackstone acquired the premium hotel operator for approximately $26 billion, representing a 25% premium to Hilton's all-time high stock price. The Hilton deal, announced on July 3, 2007, is often referred to as the deal that marked the "high water mark" and the beginning of the end of the multi-year boom in leveraged buyouts. The company restructured its debt in 2010.</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 299–300  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_public_offering_in_2007">Initial public offering in 2007</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Initial public offering in 2007">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, Blackstone had explored the possibility of creating a <a href="/wiki/Business_development_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Business development company">business development company</a> (BDC), Blackridge Investments, similar to vehicles pursued by Apollo Management.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Blackstone failed to raise capital through an initial public offering that summer and the project were shelved.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> It also planned to raise a fund on the Amsterdam stock exchange in 2006, but its rival, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co., launched a $5 billion fund there that soaked up all demand for such funds, and Blackstone abandoned its project.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-2010-2">[2]</a>: 221–223  In 2007, Blackstone acquired Alliant Insurance Services, an insurance brokerage firm. The company was sold to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> On June 21, 2007, Blackstone became a public company via an initial public offering, selling a 12.3% stake in the company for $4.13 billion, in the largest U.S. IPO since 2002.<a href="#cite_note-counting_billions-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_to_2010">2008 to 2010</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2008 to 2010">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, Blackstone closed only a few transactions. In January 2008, Blackstone made a small co-investment alongside TPG Capital and Apollo Management in their buyout of <a href="/wiki/Harrah%27s_Entertainment" title="Harrah's Entertainment">Harrah's Entertainment</a>, although that transaction had been announced during the buyout boom period. Other notable investments that Blackstone completed in 2008 and 2009 included <a href="/wiki/AlliedBarton" title="AlliedBarton">AlliedBarton</a>, Performance Food Group,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Apria Healthcare, and <a href="/wiki/CMS_Computers" title="CMS Computers">CMS Computers</a>. In July 2008, Blackstone, NBC Universal, and Bain Capital acquired The Weather Channel from <a href="/wiki/Landmark_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Landmark Communications">Landmark Communications</a> for $3.5 billion. In 2015, the digital assets were sold to <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> for $2 billion. In 2018, the remainder of the company was sold to <a href="/wiki/Byron_Allen" title="Byron Allen">Byron Allen</a> for $300 million.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In December 2009, Blackstone acquired <a href="/wiki/Busch_Entertainment_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Busch Entertainment Corporation">Busch Entertainment Corporation</a> from <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_InBev" class="mw-redirect" title="Anheuser-Busch InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a> for $2.9 billion.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In November 2013, Merlin Entertainments, owned in part by Blackstone Group, became a public company via an initial public offering on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In August 2010, Blackstone announced it would buy <a href="/wiki/Dynegy" title="Dynegy">Dynegy</a>, an energy firm, for nearly $5 billion, but the acquisition was terminated in November 2010.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investments_2011_to_2015">Investments 2011 to 2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Investments 2011 to 2015">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In February 2011, the company acquired Centro Properties Group US from <a href="/wiki/Vicinity_Centres" title="Vicinity Centres">Centro Retail Trust</a> (now Vicinity Centres) for $9.4 billion.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The company became <a href="/wiki/Brixmor_Property_Group" title="Brixmor Property Group">Brixmor Property Group</a> and Blackstone sold its remaining interest in the company in August 2016.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>In November 2011, a fund managed by the company acquired medical biller <a href="/wiki/Emdeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Emdeon">Emdeon</a> for $3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>In late 2011, Blackstone Group LP acquired <a href="/wiki/Jack_Wolfskin" title="Jack Wolfskin">Jack Wolfskin</a>, a German <a href="/wiki/Camping" title="Camping">camping</a> equipment company. In 2017, the company was handed over to its lenders.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li>In August 2012, Blackstone was part of a consortium that financed <a href="/wiki/Knight_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Capital">Knight Capital</a> after a software glitch threatened Knight's ability to continue operations.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li>In October 2012, the company acquired G6 Hospitality, operator of <a href="/wiki/Motel_6" title="Motel 6">Motel 6</a> & Studio 6 motels from <a href="/wiki/AccorHotels" class="mw-redirect" title="AccorHotels">AccorHotels</a>, for $1.9 billion.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li>In November 2012, the company acquired a controlling interest in Vivint, <a href="/wiki/Vivint_Solar" title="Vivint Solar">Vivint Solar</a>, and 2GIG Technologies.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In February 2013, 2GIG was flipped to Nortek Security & Control, LLC for $135M.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li>In April 2013, the company discussed buying <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, but it did not pursue the acquisition.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li>In June 2013, Blackstone Real Estate Partners VII acquired an industrial portfolio from <a href="/wiki/First_Potomac_Realty_Trust" title="First Potomac Realty Trust">First Potomac Realty Trust</a> for $241.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Part of this portfolio was developed by StonebridgeCarras as <a href="/wiki/Oakville_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakville Triangle">Oakville Triangle</a> (Now "<a href="/wiki/National_Landing" title="National Landing">National Landing</a>")<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li>In September 2013, Blackstone announced a strategic investment in ThoughtFocus Technologies LLC, an <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> service provider.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>In August 2013, Blackstone acquired Strategic Partners, manager of <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_secondary_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Private equity secondary market">secondaryfunds</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li>In February 2014, Blackstone purchased a 20% stake in the Italian luxury brand <a href="/wiki/Versace" title="Versace">Versace</a> for €150 million.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Versace_Sells_Minority_Stake_to_Blackstone-96">[96]</a></li> <li>In April 2014, Blackstone's charitable arm, the Blackstone Charitable Foundation, donated $4 million to create the Blackstone Entrepreneurs Network in Colorado. The program encourages increased collaboration among local business leaders with the goal of retaining high-growth companies in the state.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>In May 2014, Blackstone Group acquired the <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_of_Las_Vegas" title="Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas">Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas</a> resort from <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> for $1.73 billion.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li>In August 2014, Blackstone Energy Partners acquired <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil">Shell Oil</a>'s 50% stake in a shale-gas field in the <a href="/wiki/Haynesville_Shale" title="Haynesville Shale">Haynesville Shale</a> for $1.2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li>In January 2015, Blackstone Real Estate Partners VI announced it would sell a <a href="/wiki/Gold_Fields_House" title="Gold Fields House">Gold Fields House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dalian_Wanda_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalian Wanda Group">Dalian Wanda Group</a> for A$415 million.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li>In June 2015, Blackstone acquired the <a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Willis Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> for $1.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li>In July 2015, Blackstone acquired Excel Trust, a real estate investment trust, for around $2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>In November 2015, the company agreed to sell facility management firm GCA Services Group to <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Lee_Partners" title="Thomas H. Lee Partners">Thomas H. Lee Partners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investments_since_2016">Investments since 2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Investments since 2016">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In January 2016, Blackstone Real Estate Partners VIII L.P. acquired BioMed Realty Trust for $8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li>In February 2016, Blackstone sold four office buildings to Douglas Emmett for $1.34 billion.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li>In April 2016, Blackstone acquired 84 percent of <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Hewlett-Packard Enterprise">Hewlett-Packard Enterprise</a>'s stake in the Indian IT services firm <a href="/wiki/Mphasis" title="Mphasis">Mphasis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li>On January 4, 2017, Blackstone acquired <a href="/wiki/SESAC" title="SESAC">SESAC</a>, a music-rights organization.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li>On February 10, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Aon_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Aon PLC">Aon PLC</a> agreed to sell its human resources outsourcing platform for $4.3 billion to Blackstone Group L.P.,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> creating a new company called <a href="/wiki/Alight_Solutions" title="Alight Solutions">Alight Solutions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Alight-109">[109]</a></li> <li>On June 19, 2017, Blackstone acquired a majority interest in <a href="/wiki/The_Office_Group" title="The Office Group">The Office Group</a>, valuing the company at $640 million.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li>In July 2017, the company announced an investment in <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Green_%26_Partners" title="Leonard Green & Partners">Leonard Green & Partners</a>.</li> <li>In January 2018, the company acquired Pure Industrial, a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_investment_trust" title="Real estate investment trust">real estate investment trust</a> for C$2.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li>In January 2018, the company announced acquisition agreement for 55% of <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a> Financial & Risk unit for $20 billion.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li>In March 2018, Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. acquired a 22 million square foot portfolio of industrial properties from Cabot Properties for $1.8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>In March 2018, Blackstone's Strategic Capital Holdings Fund invested in <a href="/wiki/Rockpoint_Group" title="Rockpoint Group">Rockpoint Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>In March 2018, the company's Strategic Capital Holdings Fund announced an investment in <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_%26_Company" title="Kohlberg & Company">Kohlberg & Company</a>, a private equity firm.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li>In August 2018, PSAV was able to merge with Encore Global due to the help from an investment firm Blackstone.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li>In September 2018, the company acquires control of <a href="/wiki/Luminor_Bank" title="Luminor Bank">Luminor Bank</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic countries">Baltic countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li>In October 2018, Blackstone launched <a href="/wiki/Refinitiv" title="Refinitiv">Refinitiv</a>, the company resulting from its January deal for a 55 per-cent stake in Thomson Reuters Financial and Risk business.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li>In October 2018, Blackstone announced to buy Clarus. The deal includes assets worth $2.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li>In March 2019, Blackstone purchased, with <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Global_Enterprises" title="Yankee Global Enterprises">Yankee Global Enterprises</a>, a minority stake in <a href="/wiki/YES_Network" title="YES Network">YES Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li>In April 2019, Blackstone acquired a majority stake in the <a href="/wiki/Tube_(packaging)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tube (packaging)">tube packaging</a> company, <a href="/wiki/Essel_Propack" title="Essel Propack">Essel Propack</a> for $310 million.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li>In April 2019, Blackstone invested $480 billion in Starfield, a shopping mall brand run by Shinsegae Group, securing a 17.15% stake.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li>In June 2019, Blackstone announced it had teamed with the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board and KIRKBI to buy Merlin Entertainment, the owners of <a href="/wiki/Legoland" title="Legoland">Legoland</a> in a deal worth £5.9 billion (about $7.5 billion). This would be the 2nd time Blackstone would own the company as they previously purchased it in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li>On July 15, 2019, Blackstone announced its plans to acquire Vungle Inc., a leading mobile performance marketing platform.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li>In September 2019, Blackstone announced it agreed to purchase 65% controlling interest in <a href="/wiki/Great_Wolf_Resorts" title="Great Wolf Resorts">Great Wolf Resorts</a> from <a href="/wiki/Centerbridge_Partners" title="Centerbridge Partners">Centerbridge Partners</a>. They plan to form a joint venture worth $2.9 billion or more to own the company.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li>On November 8, 2019, Blackstone Group acquired a majority stake in MagicLab, the owner of dating app <a href="/wiki/Bumble_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumble (app)">Bumble</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li>Blackstone Group on November 15, 2019, invested $167 million in the holding company of Future Lifestyle Fashions Ltd., Ryka Commercial Ventures Pvt. Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>On November 18, 2019, Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. acquired the <a href="/wiki/Bellagio_(resort)" title="Bellagio (resort)">Bellagio resort</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a> from <a href="/wiki/MGM_Resorts_International" title="MGM Resorts International">MGM Resorts</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Leaseback" title="Leaseback">sale-leaseback</a> transaction.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li>On November 25, 2019, Reuters reported that Blackstone planned to invest $400 million in a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> drug company <a href="/wiki/Ferring_Pharmaceuticals" title="Ferring Pharmaceuticals">Ferring</a>. The joint venture will work on gene therapy for <a href="/wiki/Bladder_cancer" title="Bladder cancer">bladder cancer</a>. The investment represents Blackstone Group's largest investment in drug development to date.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li>In March 2020, Blackstone announced that it is buying a majority stake in HealthEdge, a health-care software company.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The deal, worth $700 million, was completed on April 13, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li>In July 2020, Blackstone invested $200 million in the Swedish oat milk brand <a href="/wiki/Oatly" title="Oatly">Oatly</a>, for a 7% stake in the company, triggering outrage among some segments of its customer base.<a href="#cite_note-TG-20200902-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li>In August 2020, Blackstone announced that it would buy a majority stake in <a href="/wiki/Ancestry.com" title="Ancestry.com">Ancestry.com</a> for $4.7 billion (including debt).<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li>In August 2020, Blackstone acquired Takeda Consumer Healthcare for $2.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li>In December 2020, Blackstone invested nearly $400 million in Liftoff, a mobile advertising company.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li>In January 2021, Blackstone acquired a majority shareholding in <a href="/wiki/Bourne_Leisure" title="Bourne Leisure">Bourne Leisure</a>, a UK holiday and leisure company that owns <a href="/wiki/Butlin%27s" title="Butlin's">Butlin's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haven_Holidays" title="Haven Holidays">Haven Holidays</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Leisure_Hotels" title="Warner Leisure Hotels">Warner Leisure</a>, for £3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li>In March 2021, Blackstone made a $6.2 billion takeover bid for Australian casino operator <a href="/wiki/Crown_Resorts" title="Crown Resorts">Crown Resorts</a>, offering a 20% premium to its closing share price at the time of the offer. Blackstone held at the time a near 10% stake in the company.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li>In April 2021, Blackstone acquired <a href="/wiki/EOne_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="EOne Music">eOne Music</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a> for $385 million.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li>In June 2021, Blackstone agreed to acquire datacenter operator <a href="/wiki/Quality_Technology_Services" title="Quality Technology Services">Quality Technology Services</a> for approximately $10 billion.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li> <li>In July 2021, <a href="/wiki/MGM_Resorts_International" title="MGM Resorts International">MGM Resorts International</a> announced it sold <a href="/wiki/Aria_Resort_and_Casino" title="Aria Resort and Casino">Aria Resort and Casino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vdara" title="Vdara">Vdara</a> to Blackstone for $3.89 billion in a <a href="/wiki/Leaseback" title="Leaseback">sale-leaseback</a> transaction.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li>In July 2021, Blackstone Group and <a href="/wiki/AIG" class="mw-redirect" title="AIG">AIG</a> announced that the company would acquire 9.9% of AIG's life and retirement insurance investment portfolio for $2.2 billion cash, during AIG's <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">spin-off</a> of the unit by IPO in 2022. The two firms also entered a long-term asset management agreement for about 25% of AIG's life and retirement portfolio, scheduled to increase in subsequent years.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li>In August 2021, the merger of two Blackstone portfolio companies, Vungle and Liftoff, was announced. Both companies are in the mobile advertising space.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li>In October 2021, the Blackstone Group acquired a majority stake of Spanx, Inc. The company was valued at $1.2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The deal was prepared by an all-female investment team from Blackstone, and it was announced that the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a> would be all female.</li> <li>In October 2021, Blackstone acquired the Nucleus Network, Australia's premier clinical researcher, which is providing staple "healthy" volunteers large financial rewards for drug trials.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li>On February 14, 2022, Crown Resorts accepted Blackstone's takeover offer. Blackstone will pay $6.6 billion for 90% of shares outstanding.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li>In April 2022, Blackstone agreed to acquire the Austin-based <a href="/wiki/American_Campus_Communities" title="American Campus Communities">American Campus Communities, Inc.</a> for nearly $13 billion.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li>In April 2022, Blackstone announced that it would acquire <a href="/wiki/PS_Business_Parks" title="PS Business Parks">PS Business Parks</a> for $7.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li>In October 2022, <a href="/wiki/Emerson_Electric" title="Emerson Electric">Emerson Electric</a> agreed to sell a 55 percent majority stake in its climate technologies business to Blackstone in a $14 billion deal including debt.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li>In June 2023, Blackstone acquired cloud-based event-software provider <a href="/wiki/Cvent" title="Cvent">Cvent</a> for $4.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li>In October 2023, Blackstone announced that, as part of a <a href="/wiki/Club_deal" title="Club deal">club deal</a> alongside private equity firm <a href="/wiki/Vista_Equity_Partners" title="Vista Equity Partners">Vista Equity Partners</a>, it would acquire leading energy market analytics and simulation software firm Energy Exemplar for approximately $1.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li>In November 2023, Blackstone acquired the UK-based software company <a href="/wiki/Civica_(company)" title="Civica (company)">Civica</a> for approximately $2.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li>In December 2023, Blackstone announced an agreement to acquire a majority Stake in Sony Payment Services Inc. from <a href="/wiki/Sony_Bank" title="Sony Bank">Sony Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li> <li>In January 2024, Blackstone agreed to acquire Canadian real-estate company <a href="/wiki/Tricon_Residential" title="Tricon Residential">Tricon Residential</a> for $3.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li>In February 2024, Blackstone acquired online pet marketplace <a href="/wiki/Rover.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Rover.com">Rover.com</a> for $2.3 billion in an all-cash deal that it first announced in November 2023.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li>In April 2024, Blackstone announced a deal for a 50.7% majority share in Irish turnkey Data Centre developer Winthrop Technologies.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li>In April 2024, Blackstone made a $1.57 billion offer, outbidding <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a>, to acquire British music IP investment and song management company <a href="/wiki/Hipgnosis_Songs_Fund" title="Hipgnosis Songs Fund">Hipgnosis Songs Fund</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The acquisition was completed in July.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li>On November 19, 2024, Blackstone announced it is acquiring <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Mike%27s_Subs" title="Jersey Mike's Subs">Jersey Mike's Subs</a>. The transaction is expected to close in early 2025.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_exits">Recent exits</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recent exits">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBS_Software">IBS Software</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: IBS Software">edit</a>]</div> In May 2023, Blackstone entered into an agreement to divest its stake in IBS Software, a Kerala-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) provider. The transaction, valued at $450 million, involved the sale of Blackstone's stake to the global private equity firm <a href="/wiki/Apax_Partners" title="Apax Partners">Apax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hotel_Investment_Partners">Hotel Investment Partners</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hotel Investment Partners">edit</a>]</div> In October 2023, Blackstone divested its stake in the Spanish hotel conglomerate Hotel Investment Partners (HIP) to the Singaporean sovereign wealth fund <a href="/wiki/GIC_(sovereign_wealth_fund)" title="GIC (sovereign wealth fund)">GIC</a>. As part of the agreement, GIC secured a 35% stake in HIP, with the deal establishing a valuation exceeding €4 billion for the company.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embassy_Office_Parks">Embassy Office Parks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Embassy Office Parks">edit</a>]</div> In December 2023, Blackstone announced its intention to divest its entire 23.59% stake, valued at $833 million, in <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Group" title="Embassy Group">Embassy Office Parks</a>, India's largest real estate investment trust. The decision came four years after the initial listing of the REIT, as revealed in a term sheet disclosed by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Operations">edit</a>]</div> Blackstone operates through four primary departments: <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a>; <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge funds</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Credit" title="Credit">credit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BXS1-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_private_equity">Corporate private equity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Corporate private equity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Employees: 250 (approximate)</div> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit">[update]</a>, Blackstone was the world's largest private equity firm by <a href="/wiki/Capital_commitment" title="Capital commitment">capital commitments</a> as ranked by <a href="/wiki/Private_Equity_International" title="Private Equity International">Private Equity International</a>'s PEI 300 ranking.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> After dropping to second behind <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a> in the 2022 ranking,<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> it regained the top spot in 2023,<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> and retained it in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The firm invests through minority investments, corporate partnerships, and <a href="/wiki/Rollup" title="Rollup">industry consolidations</a>, and occasionally <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">start-up investments</a>. The firm focuses on <a href="/wiki/Takeover#Friendly_takeovers" title="Takeover">friendly investments</a> in <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">large capitalization companies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BXS1-11">[11]</a> Blackstone has primarily relied on <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_fund" title="Private equity fund">private equity funds</a>, pools of committed capital from <a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">pension funds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insurance_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurance company">insurance companies</a>, endowments, <a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds" title="Fund of funds">fund of funds</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">high-net-worth individuals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth funds</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Institutional_investors" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional investors">institutional investors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> From 1987 to its IPO in 2007, Blackstone invested approximately $20 billion in 109 private equity transactions.<a href="#cite_note-BXS1-11">[11]</a> Blackstone's most notable investments include <a href="/wiki/Allied_Waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Waste">Allied Waste</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AlliedWaste-35">[35]</a> AlliedBarton Security Services, Graham Packaging, <a href="/wiki/Celanese" title="Celanese">Celanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nalco_Holding_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalco Holding Company">Nalco</a>, <a href="/wiki/HealthMarkets" title="HealthMarkets">HealthMarkets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Axle" title="American Axle">American Axle</a>, <a href="/wiki/TRW_Automotive" title="TRW Automotive">TRW Automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalent" title="Catalent">Catalent Pharma Solutions</a>, Prime Hospitality, <a href="/wiki/Legoland" title="Legoland">Legoland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a>,<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Luxury Resorts (LXR), <a href="/wiki/Pinnacle_Foods" title="Pinnacle Foods">Pinnacle Foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Hotels_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilton Hotels Corporation">Hilton Hotels Corporation</a>, Motel 6, Apria Healthcare, Travelport, <a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a> (United States) and The <a href="/wiki/PortAventura_World" title="PortAventura World">PortAventura Resort</a>. In 2009, Blackstone purchased <a href="/wiki/Busch_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Busch Entertainment">Busch Entertainment</a> (comprising the Sea World Parks, Busch Garden Parks and the two water parks).<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In 2020 it acquired <a href="/wiki/Ancestry.com" title="Ancestry.com">Ancestry.com</a>. In 2012, Blackstone acquired a controlling interest in Utah-based <a href="/wiki/Vivint" title="Vivint">Vivint, Inc.</a>, a home automation, security, and energy company.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_estate">Real estate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Real estate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Employees: 500 (approximate)</div> Blackstone's most notable real estate investments have included <a href="/wiki/Quality_Technology_Services" title="Quality Technology Services">QTS</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/EQ_Office" title="EQ Office">EQ Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton Worldwide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trizec_Properties" title="Trizec Properties">Trizec Properties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Center_Parcs_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Center Parcs UK">Center Parcs UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Quinta_Inns_%26_Suites" title="La Quinta Inns & Suites">La Quinta Inns & Suites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motel_6" title="Motel 6">Motel 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Worldwide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyndham Worldwide">Wyndham Worldwide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Healthcare_(United_Kingdom)" title="Southern Cross Healthcare (United Kingdom)">Southern Cross Healthcare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vicinity_Centres" title="Vicinity Centres">Vicinity Centres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> The purchase and subsequent IPO of Southern Cross led to controversy in the UK. Part of the purchase involved splitting the business into a property company, NHP, and a nursing home business, which Blackstone claimed would become "the leading company in the elderly care market". In May 2011, Southern Cross, now independent, was almost bankrupt, jeopardizing 31,000 elderly residents in 750 care homes. It denied blame, although Blackstone was widely accused in the media for selling on the company with an unsustainable business model and crippled with an impossible sale and leaseback strategy.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> After the 2007–2010 <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgage crisis</a> in the United States, Blackstone Group LP bought more than $5.5 billion worth of single-family homes to rent, and then be sold when the prices rise.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> In 2014, Blackstone sold Northern California office buildings for $3.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The buildings sold in San Francisco and Silicon Valley included 26 office buildings and two development parcels.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> In 2018, a critique was raised regarding a purchase agreement on several hundred apartments in <a href="/wiki/Frederiksberg" title="Frederiksberg">Frederiksberg</a>, Denmark, between Blackstone's Danish partner North 360 and Frederiksberg Boligfond, a nonprofit housing organization Frederiksberg Municipality established in 1930. After resistance by residents and questions about the purchase agreement's legality, Blackstone withdrew from it in October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> On December 1, 2022, Blackstone restricted withdrawals from its $125 billion real estate investment fund <a href="/wiki/BREIT" title="BREIT">BREIT</a> (Blackstone Real Estate Investment Trust) due to a surge in redemption requests from investors.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The move caused investor consternation and limited the ability to attract new capital for BREIT.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> In November 2024, Blackstone acquired a group of four retail buildings in <a href="/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan" title="SoHo, Manhattan">Soho</a> for approximately $200 million from ASB Real Estate Investments. This transaction marked the largest Manhattan retail deal by an investor in over three years, signaling a resurgence in the retail asset class. The properties, which house tenants such as <a href="/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc." title="Patagonia, Inc.">Patagonia</a> and Amiri, were purchased with the strategy of increasing revenue by bringing below-market leases up to current rates. The deal included buildings at 61 Crosby Street, 72-76 Greene Street, 465 Broadway, and 415 West Broadway.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketable_alternative_asset_management">Marketable alternative asset management</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Marketable alternative asset management">edit</a>]</div> In 1990, Blackstone created a <a href="/wiki/Fund_of_hedge_funds" class="mw-redirect" title="Fund of hedge funds">fund of hedge funds</a> business to manage internal assets for Blackstone and its senior managers. This business evolved into Blackstone's marketable alternative asset management segment, which was opened to institutional investors. Among the investments included in this segment are funds of hedge funds, <a href="/wiki/Mezzanine_capital" title="Mezzanine capital">mezzanine funds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collateralized_loan_obligation" title="Collateralized loan obligation">senior debt vehicles</a>, proprietary hedge funds and <a href="/wiki/Closed-end_fund" title="Closed-end fund">closed-end mutual funds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BXS1-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N113CS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/N113CS.jpg/220px-N113CS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/N113CS.jpg/330px-N113CS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/N113CS.jpg/440px-N113CS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2535" data-file-height="1055" /></a><figcaption>Gulfstream <a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_G650" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulfstream G650">G650ER</a> jet owned by Blackstone</figcaption></figure> In March 2008, Blackstone acquired <a href="/wiki/GSO_Capital_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="GSO Capital Partners">GSO Capital Partners</a>, a credit-oriented alternative asset manager, for $620 million in cash and stock and up to $310 million through an <a href="/wiki/Earnout" title="Earnout">earnout</a> over the next five years based on earnings targets. The combined entity created one of the largest credit platforms in the alternative asset management business, with over $21 billion under management.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> GSO was founded in 2005 by Bennett Goodman, Tripp Smith, and Doug Ostrover. The GSO team had previously managed the leveraged finance businesses at <a href="/wiki/Donaldson,_Lufkin_%26_Jenrette" title="Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette">Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse_First_Boston" title="Credit Suisse First Boston">Credit Suisse First Boston</a>, after it acquired DLJ. Blackstone was an original investor in GSO's funds. After the acquisition, Blackstone merged GSO's operations with its existing debt investment operations.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-hedgerationalize-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warrantless_disclosure_of_Motel_6_occupancies">Warrantless disclosure of Motel 6 occupancies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Warrantless disclosure of Motel 6 occupancies">edit</a>]</div> In separate cases in 2018 and 2019, the hotel chain <a href="/wiki/Motel_6" title="Motel 6">Motel 6</a>, owned by Blackstone, agreed to settle for a total of $19.6 million for giving guest lists to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (ICE) without a warrant.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry_acquisition_and_data_leaks">Ancestry acquisition and data leaks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ancestry acquisition and data leaks">edit</a>]</div> In 2020, Blackstone acquired a majority stake in Ancestry.com, which controls access to millions of people's genetic data, heightening concern about Blackstone's data privacy practices.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> This data was disclosed to Blackstone, and it has aggressively defended itself against class action litigation relating to misuse of the data of people who did not consent to genetic testing but were affected through direct biological relations or other means of identification.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegal_child_labor">Illegal child labor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Illegal child labor">edit</a>]</div> An investigation by the U.S. Department of Labor showed that <a href="/wiki/Packers_Sanitation_Services_illegal_employment_of_children" title="Packers Sanitation Services illegal employment of children">more than 100 American children had been working illegally for Packers Sanitation Services Inc.</a> (PSSI), a slaughterhouse cleaning firm owned by Blackstone. The investigation began after a Walnut Middle School teacher in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Island,_Nebraska" title="Grand Island, Nebraska">Grand Island, Nebraska</a>, reported a student with hydrochloric acid burns on his hands and knees to the Department of Labor.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Labor Department fined PSSI $15,138 by for each minor who was employed in breach of the law, totaling $1.5 million in civil money penalties.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest">Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">edit</a>]</div> The company has invested in companies with links to the commercialization and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">deforestation of the Amazon rainforest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Intercept-20190827-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-Politico-20191216-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Leadership">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executives">Executives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Executives">edit</a>]</div> Source:<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman" title="Stephen A. Schwarzman">Stephen Schwarzman</a>: chairman, CEO & co-founder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_D._Gray" title="Jonathan D. Gray">Jonathan Gray</a>: president & COO</li> <li>Michael Chae: CFO</li> <li>John G. Finley: chief legal officer</li> <li>Vik Sawhney: chief administrative officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_E._James" title="Hamilton E. James">Hamilton James</a>: executive vice chairman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Baratta" title="Joseph Baratta">Joseph Baratta</a>: head of private equity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blitzer" title="David Blitzer">David Blitzer</a>: chairman of tactical opportunities<a href="#cite_note-Chairman2024-204">[204]</a></li> <li>Chris James: head of tactical opportunities<a href="#cite_note-Chairman2024-204">[204]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Board of directors">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman" title="Stephen A. Schwarzman">Stephen Schwarzman</a>: chairman of the board of directors and the executive committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Breyer" title="Jim Breyer">Jim Breyer</a>: independent director & member of the audit committee and the conflicts committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochelle_Lazarus" title="Rochelle Lazarus">Rochelle Lazarus</a>: independent director & member of the audit committee and the conflicts committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Owen_Light" title="Jay Owen Light">Jay Owen Light</a>: independent director & member of the audit committee and the conflicts committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Parrett" title="William G. Parrett">William G. Parrett</a>: independent director & chairman of the audit committee and the conflicts committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Porat" title="Ruth Porat">Ruth Porat</a>: independent director</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_outdoor_industry_parent_companies" title="List of outdoor industry parent companies">List of outdoor industry parent companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_venture_capital_firms" title="List of venture capital firms">List of venture capital firms</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10K-1"><a href="#cite_ref-10K_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1393818/000119312524044485/d734131d10k.htm">"Blackstone Inc. 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. February 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blackstone+Inc.+2023+Annual+Report+%28Form+10-K%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft.date=2024-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2Fix%3Fdoc%3D%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1393818%2F000119312524044485%2Fd734131d10k.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carey-2010-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey-2010_2-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCareyMorris2010" class="citation book cs1">Carey, David; Morris, John E (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NRXqjZLCK9QC">King of Capital: The Remarkable Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Steve Schwarzman and Blackstone</a>. Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307453013" title="Special:BookSources/9780307453013"><bdi>9780307453013</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116225844/https://books.google.com/books?id=NRXqjZLCK9QC">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+of+Capital%3A+The+Remarkable+Rise%2C+Fall%2C+and+Rise+Again+of+Steve+Schwarzman+and+Blackstone&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780307453013&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Morris%2C+John+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNRXqjZLCK9QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0702/gallery.powerlist.fortune/index.html">Private equity power list: #1 The Blackstone Group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090228014752/http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0702/gallery.powerlist.fortune/index.html">Archived</a> February 28, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Fortune, July 2, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/german-english/schwarz">"English Translation of "schwarz" | Collins German-English Dictionary"</a>. www.collinsdictionary.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118062818/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/german-english/schwarz">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.collinsdictionary.com&rft.atitle=English+Translation+of+%22schwarz%22+%7C+Collins+German-English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fgerman-english%2Fschwarz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wordinfo.info/unit/1620">"petro-, petr-, petri-, peter- – Word Information"</a>. wordinfo.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182252/https://wordinfo.info/unit/1620">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2021. 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DealBook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727054155/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2015/02/02/stephen-schwarzman-has-a-warning-for-wall-streets-entrepreneurs/?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DealBook&rft.atitle=Blackstone%27s+Chief+Has+a+Warning+for+Wall+Street%27s+Entrepreneurs&rft.date=2015-02-02&rft.aulast=Alden&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F02%2F02%2Fstephen-schwarzman-has-a-warning-for-wall-streets-entrepreneurs%2F%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagobooth.edu/alumni/distinguished-alumni-award/honorees/roger-altman">"Roger C. Altman, '69"</a>. The University of Chicago Booth School of Business. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=COMPANY+NEWS%3B+Hutton-Shearson+Deal+Announced&rft.date=1987-12-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F12%2F04%2Fbusiness%2Fcompany-news-hutton-shearson-deal-announced.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/09/business/company-news-hutton-sets-fees.html">"COMPANY NEWS; Hutton Sets Fees"</a>. The New York Times. December 9, 1987. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=COMPANY+NEWS%3B+Hutton+Sets+Fees&rft.date=1987-12-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F12%2F09%2Fbusiness%2Fcompany-news-hutton-sets-fees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne1987" class="citation news cs1">Wayne, Leslie (November 13, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/13/business/a-big-fund-ready-to-capitalize-on-hard-times.html">"A Big Fund Ready to Capitalize on Hard Times"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Big+Fund+Ready+to+Capitalize+on+Hard+Times&rft.date=1987-11-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F11%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fa-big-fund-ready-to-capitalize-on-hard-times.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BXS1-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BXS1_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BXS1_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BXS1_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BXS1_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BXS1_11-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1393818/000104746907002068/0001047469-07-002068-index.htm">"EDGAR Filing Documents for 0001047469-07-002068"</a>. www.sec.gov. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sec.gov&rft.atitle=EDGAR+Filing+Documents+for+0001047469-07-002068&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1393818%2F000104746907002068%2F0001047469-07-002068-index.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterngold1988" class="citation news cs1">Sterngold, James (March 4, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/04/business/business-people-mortgage-unit-leaders-to-join-blackstone.html">"BUSINESS PEOPLE; Mortgage Unit Leaders To Join Blackstone"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BUSINESS+PEOPLE%3B+Mortgage+Unit+Leaders+To+Join+Blackstone&rft.date=1988-03-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sterngold&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F03%2F04%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-people-mortgage-unit-leaders-to-join-blackstone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE5DD1F3AF930A25751C1A96E948260">Nikko Acquires 20% of Blackstone Group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104307/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/13/business/nikko-acquires-20-of-blackstone-group.html">Archived</a> 2021-11-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The New York Times, December 13, 1988 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersBunkley2007" class="citation news cs1">Peters, Jeremy W.; Bunkley, Nick (March 27, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/27/business/27stockman.html">"Stockman Is Charged With Fraud"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stockman+Is+Charged+With+Fraud&rft.date=2007-03-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+W.&rft.au=Bunkley%2C+Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F03%2F27%2Fbusiness%2F27stockman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE6DE1339F93BA2575AC0A96E948260">Sony and CBS Records: What a Romance!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729131315/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/18/magazine/sony-and-cbs-records-what-a-romance.html">Archived</a> 2020-07-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The New York Times, September 18, 1988 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE5DA1538F934A35755C0A96F948260">CNW Accepts Buyout Bid From Blackstone Group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729095908/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/07/business/cnw-accepts-buyout-bid-from-blackstone-group.html">Archived</a> 2020-07-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The New York Times, June 7, 1989 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartlett1989" class="citation news cs1">Bartlett, Sarah (May 12, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/12/business/2-wall-street-firms-join-to-buy-savings-units.html">"2 Wall Street Firms Join To Buy Savings Units"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2+Wall+Street+Firms+Join+To+Buy+Savings+Units&rft.date=1989-05-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F05%2F12%2Fbusiness%2F2-wall-street-firms-join-to-buy-savings-units.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaefer" class="citation web cs1">Schaefer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2016/05/11/stephen-schwarzman-and-blackstone-wall-streets-unstoppable-force/">"Stephen Schwarzman And Blackstone: Wall Street's Unstoppable Force"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502073912/https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2016/05/11/stephen-schwarzman-and-blackstone-wall-streets-unstoppable-force/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Stephen+Schwarzman+And+Blackstone%3A+Wall+Street%27s+Unstoppable+Force&rft.au=Schaefer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fsteveschaefer%2F2016%2F05%2F11%2Fstephen-schwarzman-and-blackstone-wall-streets-unstoppable-force%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichenwald1990" class="citation news cs1">Eichenwald, Kurt (April 23, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/23/business/us-mergers-firm-is-forming-british-link.html">"U.S. Mergers Firm Is Forming British Link"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Mergers+Firm+Is+Forming+British+Link&rft.date=1990-04-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Eichenwald&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F04%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fus-mergers-firm-is-forming-british-link.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichenwald1990" class="citation news cs1">Eichenwald, Kurt (September 19, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/19/business/blackstone-widens-link-with-europe.html">"Blackstone Widens Link With Europe"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Blackstone+Widens+Link+With+Europe&rft.date=1990-09-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Eichenwald&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F09%2F19%2Fbusiness%2Fblackstone-widens-link-with-europe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2DC1F30F937A15756C0A966958260">Prime to Sell Interest in Inns to Blackstone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104308/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/24/business/prime-to-sell-interest-in-inns-to-blackstone.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, May 24, 1990 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2DF1030F930A15757C0A966958260">U.S. Mergers Firm Is Forming British Link</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104308/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/23/business/us-mergers-firm-is-forming-british-link.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, April 23, 1990 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE5DB163FF936A35757C0A967958260">Chairman Is Named For Blackstone Unit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104309/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/05/business/business-people-chairman-is-named-for-blackstone-unit.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, April 5, 1991 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFDA113FF932A35753C1A967958260">Blackstone Unit to Buy Days Inns</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104309/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/01/business/blackstone-unit-to-buy-days-inns.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, October 1, 1991 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE0DE1639F934A25751C0A965958260">Hospitality to Acquire Super 8 Motels</a>. The New York Times, February 17, 1993 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1997/10/27/233303/index.htm">"WHO THE HELL IS HENRY SILVERMAN? HE'S THE KING OF FRANCHISING, FOR ONE THING. HE'S ALSO THE CEO WHOSE STOCK HAS BLOWN AWAY INTEL AND MICROSOFT SO FAR IN THE 1990S. NOW HE'S GOING TO TRY SOMETHING REALLY BIG. - October 27, 1997"</a>. money.cnn.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226165801/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1997/10/27/233303/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=money.cnn.com&rft.atitle=WHO+THE+HELL+IS+HENRY+SILVERMAN%3F+HE%27S+THE+KING+OF+FRANCHISING%2C+FOR+ONE+THING.+HE%27S+ALSO+THE+CEO+WHOSE+STOCK+HAS+BLOWN+AWAY+INTEL+AND+MICROSOFT+SO+FAR+IN+THE+1990S.+NOW+HE%27S+GOING+TO+TRY+SOMETHING+REALLY+BIG.+-+October+27%2C+1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Ffortune_archive%2F1997%2F10%2F27%2F233303%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_/ai_18390971">The Loewen Group and Blackstone Capital Partners form corporate venture to acquire Prime Succession</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909025520/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_/ai_18390971">Archived</a> September 9, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Business Wire, June 17, 1996. Accessed February 20, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E4D91439F93BA25755C0A960958260">Loewen And Blackstone To Make Joint Purchase</a>. The New York Times, June 18, 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C00E3D8153DF932A1575AC0A960958260">Loewen Buys Big Cemetery, And Its Suitor Criticizes Deal</a>. The New York Times, September 21, 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2014/07/07/blackrock-larry-fink/">"BlackRock: The $4.3 trillion force"</a>. Fortune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704190341/https://fortune.com/2014/07/07/blackrock-larry-fink/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=BlackRock%3A+The+%244.3+trillion+force&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2014%2F07%2F07%2Fblackrock-larry-fink%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9803E5D7153CF933A25753C1A961958260">Blackstone Raises $4 Billion for Fund</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104537/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/10/business/blackstone-raises-4-billion-for-fund.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, October 10, 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A05E3DE1F30F935A35752C1A961958260">Red-Hot Revival in Real Estate; Overheating Is Feared With Surge in Vulture Investing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104537/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/06/business/market-place-red-hot-revival-real-estate-overheating-feared-with-surge-vulture.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, November 6, 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJereski1997" class="citation news cs1">Jereski, Laura (October 9, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB87635063097685500">"Blackstone Group Creates Buyout Fund for $4 Billion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727000028/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB87635063097685500">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Blackstone+Group+Creates+Buyout+Fund+for+%244+Billion&rft.date=1997-10-09&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Jereski&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB87635063097685500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00E4DE1338F932A05754C0A96E958260">A.I.G. Will Put $1.35 Billion Into Blackstone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104538/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/31/business/aig-will-put-1.35-billion-into-blackstone.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, July 31, 1998 </li> <li id="cite_note-AlliedWaste-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlliedWaste_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlliedWaste_35-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980CE5DF113FF93AA35750C0A96F958260">A trash hauler is buying a much bigger rival, a type of deal that makes Wall Street a bit nervous</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104537/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/09/business/markets-market-place-trash-hauler-buying-much-bigger-rival-type-deal-that-makes.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, March 9, 1999 </li> <li id="cite_note-financing_unit-36"><a href="#cite_ref-financing_unit_36-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E5DE1438F93BA35757C0A96F958260">Blackstone to Form a New Financing Unit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104615/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/08/business/blackstone-to-form-a-new-financing-unit.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, April 8, 1999 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCube,_Christine2002" class="citation news cs1">Cube, Christine (November 25, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2002/11/25/story1.html?page=all">"Watergate Hotel For Sale"</a>. Washington Business Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909025520/http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2002/11/25/story1.html?page=all">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Watergate+Hotel+For+Sale&rft.date=2002-11-25&rft.au=Cube%2C+Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fwashington%2Fstories%2F2002%2F11%2F25%2Fstory1.html%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Report2004" class="citation web cs1">Staff Report (August 19, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crenews.com/general_news/general/monument-realty-buys-watergate-hotel.html">"Monument Realty Buys Watergate Hotel"</a>. Commercial Real Estate Direct. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021000745/http://www.crenews.com/general_news/general/monument-realty-buys-watergate-hotel.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monument+Realty+Buys+Watergate+Hotel&rft.pub=Commercial+Real+Estate+Direct&rft.date=2004-08-19&rft.au=Staff+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crenews.com%2Fgeneral_news%2Fgeneral%2Fmonument-realty-buys-watergate-hotel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Blackstone+Acquires+Debt+On+7+World+Trade+Center.-a066149308">"Blackstone Acquires Debt on 7 World Trade Center"</a>. Business Wire. October 17, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021000239/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Blackstone+Acquires+Debt+On+7+World+Trade+Center.-a066149308">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blackstone+Acquires+Debt+on+7+World+Trade+Center&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2000-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FBlackstone%2BAcquires%2BDebt%2BOn%2B7%2BWorld%2BTrade%2BCenter.-a066149308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackstone.com/news/press/blackstone-acquires-debt-on-7-world-trade-center/">"Blackstone Acquires Debt on 7 World Trade Center"</a>. October 17, 2000. Retrieved August 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blackstone+Acquires+Debt+on+7+World+Trade+Center&rft.date=2000-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackstone.com%2Fnews%2Fpress%2Fblackstone-acquires-debt-on-7-world-trade-center%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WEF-41"><a href="#cite_ref-WEF_41-0">^</a> Photographed at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davos,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Davos, Switzerland">Davos, Switzerland</a> in January 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DE5D61539F934A25754C0A9649C8B63">Blackstone Amasses a Record Equity Fund</a>. The New York Times, July 17, 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9504E2DC133FF932A35752C0A9659C8B63">Vivendi Finishes Sale of Houghton Mifflin To Investors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027152850/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/01/business/company-news-vivendi-finishes-sale-of-houghton-mifflin-to-investors.html">Archived</a> October 27, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, January 1, 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSender" class="citation news cs1">Sender, Henny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117461455881946361">"At Blackstone, James Builds A Following"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151130072444/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117461455881946361">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=At+Blackstone%2C+James+Builds+A+Following&rft.aulast=Sender&rft.aufirst=Henny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB117461455881946361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05EFD61131F930A25752C1A9649C8B63">Blackstone Group May Purchase Auto Parts Business From TRW</a>. The New York Times, November 13, 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F07E1DB1339F936A25756C0A9649C8B63">Blackstone Buys Majority Stake in Columbia House</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104622/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/15/business/company-news-blackstone-buys-majority-stake-in-columbia-house.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, May 15, 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/16/business/16bond.html">A Split-Up of Insurers of Bonds Is Considered</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105175304/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/16/business/16bond.html">Archived</a> January 5, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, February 16, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/29/business/29sungard.html">Capital Firms Agree to Buy SunGard Data in Cash Deal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403222207/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/29/business/29sungard.html">Archived</a> 2015-04-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a>, March 29, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/03/business/yourmoney/03dealbook.html">Do Too Many Cooks Spoil the Takeover Deal?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404042508/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/03/business/yourmoney/03dealbook.html">Archived</a> April 4, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, April 3, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-hedgerationalize-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hedgerationalize_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hedgerationalize_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20081223005714/en/Blackstone-Rationalize-Single-Manager-Hedge-Funds-Businesses">"Blackstone To Rationalize Single Manager Hedge Funds Businesses In Efficiency Move"</a>. Business Wire (Press release). December 23, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324224632/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20081223005714/en/Blackstone-Rationalize-Single-Manager-Hedge-Funds-Businesses">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blackstone+To+Rationalize+Single+Manager+Hedge+Funds+Businesses+In+Efficiency+Move&rft.date=2008-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20081223005714%2Fen%2FBlackstone-Rationalize-Single-Manager-Hedge-Funds-Businesses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=/www/story/08-18-2004/0002234454">The Blackstone Group to Acquire Prime Hospitality Corp</a>. Press Release, August 18, 2004. Accessed February 20, 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050308214811/http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F08-18-2004%2F0002234454">Archived</a> March 8, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvermanNicolaou2016" class="citation news cs1">Silverman, Gary; Nicolaou, Anna Nicolaou (October 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/8b986c06-96d6-11e6-a1dc-bdf38d484582">"Steve Bollenbach, hospitality executive, 1942-2016"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181219230328/https://www.ft.com/content/8b986c06-96d6-11e6-a1dc-bdf38d484582">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018. <q>He served as the chief financial officer of Marriott and Walt Disney and chief executive of Hilton Hotels, a post he held from 1996 to 2007, when he sold the company to Blackstone for $26bn. ... He helped craft Marriott's 1992 split into a hotel management operation and a real estate holding company, as well as Disney's $19bn deal to buy Capital Cities/ABC in 1995.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steve+Bollenbach%2C+hospitality+executive%2C+1942-2016&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Nicolaou%2C+Anna+Nicolaou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F8b986c06-96d6-11e6-a1dc-bdf38d484582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realestatejournal.com/propertyreport/hotel/20050817-chittum.html">Private-Equity Firm Sees Room for Value in Hotels</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012082812/http://www.realestatejournal.com/propertyreport/hotel/20050817-chittum.html">Archived</a> October 12, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Wall Street Journal, August 17, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2018/01/18/wyndham-stock-la-quinta-buy/">"Here's Why Wyndham Worldwide Just Bought La Quinta"</a>. Fortune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526050936/https://fortune.com/2018/01/18/wyndham-stock-la-quinta-buy/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Here%27s+Why+Wyndham+Worldwide+Just+Bought+La+Quinta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2018%2F01%2F18%2Fwyndham-stock-la-quinta-buy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805E4DC1531F932A35751C1A9639C8B63">Equity Firms Buy Danish Phone Company</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109022039/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805E4DC1531F932A35751C1A9639C8B63">Archived</a> January 9, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, December 1, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/08/business/08real.html">Blackstone's Bid for Equity Office Prevails</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150605042314/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/08/business/08real.html">Archived</a> June 5, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The New York Times, February 8, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Sorkin, Andrew Ross and Flynn, Laurie J. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/16/business/16freescale.html">Blackstone Alliance to Buy Chip Maker for $17.6 Billion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201052830/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/16/business/16freescale.html">Archived</a> 2016-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." The New York Times, September 16, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/business/01deal.html">Consortium Buys Michaels for $6 Billion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118185637/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/business/01deal.html">Archived</a> November 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, July 1, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000085&sid=apnoYIe8t31A&refer=europe">VNU Shareholders Reject $8.9 Bln Offer From KKR Group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090117121207/https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000085&sid=apnoYIe8t31A&refer=europe">Archived</a> January 17, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bloomberg, March 8, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E0DA143FF934A25752C0A9609C8B63">Buyout Bid For Parent Of Nielsen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035932/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E0DA143FF934A25752C0A9609C8B63">Archived</a> November 30, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, January 17, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nielsen.com/media/2006/pr_2006_0308_2.pdf">VNU Agrees To Public Offer From Private Equity Group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081116192808/http://www.nielsen.com/media/2006/pr_2006_0308_2.pdf">Archived</a> November 16, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Press Release, March 8, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/22/business/worldbusiness/22drink.html">Cadbury Sells Beverage Unit to Two Firms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404041615/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/22/business/worldbusiness/22drink.html">Archived</a> April 4, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, November 22, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-travelport-63"><a href="#cite_ref-travelport_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutch2006" class="citation news cs1">Deutch, Claudia H. (July 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/business/blackstone-plans-to-acquire-cendant-travel-services-unit.html">"Blackstone Plans to Acquire Cendant Travel Services Unit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702210545/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/business/blackstone-plans-to-acquire-cendant-travel-services-unit.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Blackstone+Plans+to+Acquire+Cendant+Travel+Services+Unit&rft.date=2006-07-01&rft.aulast=Deutch&rft.aufirst=Claudia+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F07%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Fblackstone-plans-to-acquire-cendant-travel-services-unit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-find2-64"><a href="#cite_ref-find2_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkinson2006" class="citation news cs1">Parkinson, Gary (October 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/private-equity-companies-snap-up-united-biscuits-in-a-16316bn-deal-421665.html">"Private-equity companies snap up United Biscuits in a £1.6bn deal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323162453/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/private-equity-companies-snap-up-united-biscuits-in-a-16316bn-deal-421665.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Private-equity+companies+snap+up+United+Biscuits+in+a+%C2%A31.6bn+deal&rft.date=2006-10-26&rft.aulast=Parkinson&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fprivate-equity-companies-snap-up-united-biscuits-in-a-16316bn-deal-421665.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927180234/http://www.unitedbiscuits.com/80256C1A0047922E/vWeb/pcHHUS6WHM5F">"Blackstone and PAI complete purchase of UB"</a> (Press release). United Biscuits. December 15, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unitedbiscuits.com/80256C1A0047922E/vWeb/pcHHUS6WHM5F">the original</a> on September 27, 2007. Retrieved April 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blackstone+and+PAI+complete+purchase+of+UB&rft.pub=United+Biscuits&rft.date=2006-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unitedbiscuits.com%2F80256C1A0047922E%2FvWeb%2FpcHHUS6WHM5F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070501005947/en/Blackstone-Group-Completed-Acquisition-Controlling-Interest-RGIS">"The Blackstone Group Has Completed Its Acquisition of a Controlling Interest in RGIS"</a> (Press release). Business Wire. May 1, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324224632/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070501005947/en/Blackstone-Group-Completed-Acquisition-Controlling-Interest-RGIS">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Blackstone+Group+Has+Completed+Its+Acquisition+of+a+Controlling+Interest+in+RGIS&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2007-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20070501005947%2Fen%2FBlackstone-Group-Completed-Acquisition-Controlling-Interest-RGIS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20061218005461/en/Biomet-Acquired-Private-Equity-Consortium-10.9-Billion">"Biomet, Inc. to Be Acquired by Private Equity Consortium for $10.9 Billion or $44 Per Share in Cash"</a> (Press release). Business Wire. December 18, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324230207/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20061218005461/en/Biomet-Acquired-Private-Equity-Consortium-10.9-Billion">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biomet%2C+Inc.+to+Be+Acquired+by+Private+Equity+Consortium+for+%2410.9+Billion+or+%2444+Per+Share+in+Cash&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2006-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20061218005461%2Fen%2FBiomet-Acquired-Private-Equity-Consortium-10.9-Billion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/04/business/04deal.html">Blackstone to Buy Hilton Hotels for $26 Billion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202232259/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/04/business/04deal.html">Archived</a> February 2, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, July 4, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E3D6103CF937A35754C0A96E9C8B63">High-Water Mark</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224858/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E3D6103CF937A35754C0A96E9C8B63">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, July 4, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/17/business/17hedge.html?ex=1231909200&en=3e437becdf88809d&ei=5070">Private Firms Use Closed-End Funds to Tap the Market</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404031932/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/17/business/17hedge.html?ex=1231909200&en=3e437becdf88809d&ei=5070">Archived</a> April 4, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, April 17, 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E2DE153AF935A25754C0A9629C8B63">Blackstone Group Postpones Fund Offering</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107104542/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/16/business/company-news-blackstone-group-postpones-fund-offering.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times, July 16, 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSender2012" class="citation news cs1">Sender, Henny (November 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/5b8c406c-3593-11e2-bf64-00144feabdc0">"KKR buys Alliant in 'pass the parcel' deal"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324224526/https://www.ft.com/content/5b8c406c-3593-11e2-bf64-00144feabdc0">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=KKR+buys+Alliant+in+%27pass+the+parcel%27+deal&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft.aulast=Sender&rft.aufirst=Henny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F5b8c406c-3593-11e2-bf64-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-counting_billions-73"><a href="#cite_ref-counting_billions_73-0">^</a> Anderson, Jenny. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/12/business/12blackstone.html">Blackstone Founders Prepare to Count Their Billions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124051829/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/12/business/12blackstone.html">Archived</a> 2020-11-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." The New York Times, June 12, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Sorkin, Andrew Ross and de la Merced, Michael J. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/19/business/19blackstone.html">News Analysis Behind the Veil at Blackstone? Probably Another Veil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118034320/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/19/business/19blackstone.html">Archived</a> 2017-01-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." The New York Times, March 19, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/19/business/19food.html">Equity Firms Acquiring Food Supplier</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055327/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/19/business/19food.html">Archived</a> October 10, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bloomberg, January 19, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altassets.com/news/arc/2008/nz12542.php">Blackstone, Wellspring to acquire Performance Food Group in $1.3bn deal</a>. AltAssets, January 18, 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611155237/http://www.altassets.com/news/arc/2008/nz12542.php">Archived</a> June 11, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint2013" class="citation news cs1">Flint, Joe (November 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/byron-allens-company-buys-weather-channel-for-300-million-1521753337">"Byron Allen's Company Buys Weather Channel for $300 Million"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324224315/https://www.wsj.com/articles/byron-allens-company-buys-weather-channel-for-300-million-1521753337">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Byron+Allen%27s+Company+Buys+Weather+Channel+for+%24300+Million&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fbyron-allens-company-buys-weather-channel-for-300-million-1521753337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ab-inbev.com/news/press-releases/global-press-releases/2009/12/1358512.html">"Anheuser-Busch Inbev and Blackstone announce completion of sale of Busch Entertainment Corporation"</a> (Press release). Anheuser-Busch InBev. December 1, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325045107/http://www.ab-inbev.com/news/press-releases/global-press-releases/2009/12/1358512.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anheuser-Busch+Inbev+and+Blackstone+announce+completion+of+sale+of+Busch+Entertainment+Corporation&rft.pub=Anheuser-Busch+InBev&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ab-inbev.com%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2Fglobal-press-releases%2F2009%2F12%2F1358512.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidDoff2013" class="citation news cs1">David, Ruth; Doff, Natasha (November 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-08/merlin-entertainments-advances-on-debut-after-1-5-billion-ipo">"Merlin Entertainments Gains on Debut After $1.5 Billion IPO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325050813/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-08/merlin-entertainments-advances-on-debut-after-1-5-billion-ipo">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+L.P.&rft.atitle=Merlin+Entertainments+Gains+on+Debut+After+%241.5+Billion+IPO&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Doff%2C+Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2013-11-08%2Fmerlin-entertainments-advances-on-debut-after-1-5-billion-ipo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaigolCadman2013" class="citation news cs1">Saigol, Lina; Cadman, Emily (November 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/3a5b3474-484e-11e3-a3ef-00144feabdc0">"Merlin Entertainments shares rise on London stock market debut"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180519082953/https://www.ft.com/content/3a5b3474-484e-11e3-a3ef-00144feabdc0">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Merlin+Entertainments+shares+rise+on+London+stock+market+debut&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.aulast=Saigol&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft.au=Cadman%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F3a5b3474-484e-11e3-a3ef-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPRIMACK2010" class="citation news cs1">PRIMACK, DAN (November 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2010/11/23/over-and-out-dynegy-and-blackstone-call-it-quits/">"Over and out: Dynegy and Blackstone call it quits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325045016/http://fortune.com/2010/11/23/over-and-out-dynegy-and-blackstone-call-it-quits/">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2018. 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Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blackstone+Completes+Acquisition+of+Emdeon&rft.pub=PR+Newswire&rft.date=2011-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fblackstone-completes-acquisition-of-emdeon-133069403.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325045123/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-jack-wol-loans/lpc-blackstone-agrees-to-hand-over-jack-wolfskin-to-lenders-idUKKBN17E27P">"Blackstone agrees to hand over Jack Wolfskin to lenders"</a>. Reuters. April 12, 2017. 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September 30, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324230214/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130930005351/en/Blackstone-Announces-Strategic-Investment-ThoughtFocus-Technologies">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2018. 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August 5, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324224648/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130805005045/en/Blackstone-Closes-Acquisition-Strategic-Partners-Credit-Suisse">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2018. 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Retrieved July 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blackstone&rft.atitle=Blackstone+Announces+Agreement+to+Acquire+Vungle%2C+a+Leading+Mobile+Performance+Marketing+Platform&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackstone.com%2Fmedia%2Fpress-releases%2Farticle%2Fblackstone-announces-agreement-to-acquire-vungle-a-leading-mobile-performance-marketing-platform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2019" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Patrick (October 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-02/blackstone-to-buy-65-of-great-wolf-resorts-waterparks-operator">"Blackstone to Buy 65% of Park Operator Great Wolf Resorts"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191012120956/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-02/blackstone-to-buy-65-of-great-wolf-resorts-waterparks-operator">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Blackstone+to+Buy+65%25+of+Park+Operator+Great+Wolf+Resorts&rft.date=2019-10-02&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-10-02%2Fblackstone-to-buy-65-of-great-wolf-resorts-waterparks-operator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottfried2019" class="citation news cs1">Gottfried, Miriam (November 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/blackstone-takes-controlling-stake-in-owner-of-dating-app-bumble-11573225201">"Blackstone Takes Controlling Stake in Owner of Dating App Bumble"</a>. Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202042607/https://www.wsj.com/articles/blackstone-takes-controlling-stake-in-owner-of-dating-app-bumble-11573225201">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Blackstone+Takes+Controlling+Stake+in+Owner+of+Dating+App+Bumble&rft.date=2019-11-08&rft.aulast=Gottfried&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fblackstone-takes-controlling-stake-in-owner-of-dating-app-bumble-11573225201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vccircle.com/blackstone-bets-167-mn-more-on-future-group-s-fashion-business">"Blackstone bets $167 mn more on Future Group's fashion business"</a>. VCCircle. November 15, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118233647/https://www.vccircle.com/blackstone-bets-167-mn-more-on-future-group-s-fashion-business/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VCCircle&rft.atitle=Blackstone+bets+%24167+mn+more+on+Future+Group%27s+fashion+business&rft.date=2019-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vccircle.com%2Fblackstone-bets-167-mn-more-on-future-group-s-fashion-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackstone.com/the-firm/press-releases/article/blackstone-real-estate-income-trust-completes-acquisition-of-bellagio-real-estate-from-mgm-resorts-international-for-$4.25-billion-in-sale-leaseback-transaction">"Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust Completes Acquisition of Bellegio from MGM Resorts International"</a>. www.blackstone.com. November 18, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215154413/https://www.blackstone.com/the-firm/press-releases/article/blackstone-real-estate-income-trust-completes-acquisition-of-bellagio-real-estate-from-mgm-resorts-international-for-$4.25-billion-in-sale-leaseback-transaction">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.blackstone.com&rft.atitle=Blackstone+Real+Estate+Income+Trust+Completes+Acquisition+of+Bellegio+from+MGM+Resorts+International&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackstone.com%2Fthe-firm%2Fpress-releases%2Farticle%2Fblackstone-real-estate-income-trust-completes-acquisition-of-bellagio-real-estate-from-mgm-resorts-international-for-%244.25-billion-in-sale-leaseback-transaction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpalding2019" class="citation news cs1">Spalding, Rebecca (November 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-blackstone-ferring-idUSKBN1XZ1IF">"Blackstone to invest $400 million in gene therapy venture with Ferring"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191129072017/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-blackstone-ferring-idUSKBN1XZ1IF">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Blackstone+to+invest+%24400+million+in+gene+therapy+venture+with+Ferring&rft.date=2019-11-25&rft.aulast=Spalding&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-blackstone-ferring-idUSKBN1XZ1IF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottfried2020" class="citation news cs1">Gottfried, Miriam (March 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/blackstone-buys-majority-stake-in-software-company-healthedge-11583767161">"Blackstone to Buy Majority Stake in Software Company HealthEdge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310234249/https://www.wsj.com/articles/blackstone-buys-majority-stake-in-software-company-healthedge-11583767161">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Blackstone+to+Buy+Majority+Stake+in+Software+Company+HealthEdge&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Gottfried&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fblackstone-buys-majority-stake-in-software-company-healthedge-11583767161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchbook.com/newsletter/blackstone-wraps-up-700m-deal-for-healthedge">"Blackstone wraps up $700M deal for HealthEdge"</a>. PitchBook. April 13, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726234903/https://pitchbook.com/newsletter/blackstone-wraps-up-700m-deal-for-healthedge">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PitchBook&rft.atitle=Blackstone+wraps+up+%24700M+deal+for+HealthEdge&rft.date=2020-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchbook.com%2Fnewsletter%2Fblackstone-wraps-up-700m-deal-for-healthedge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TG-20200902-134"><a href="#cite_ref-TG-20200902_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmore2020" class="citation news cs1">Helmore, Edward (September 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/sep/01/oatly-vegan-milk-sale-blackstone">"Activists sour on Oatly vegan milk after stake sold to Trump-linked Blackstone"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200906174947/https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/sep/01/oatly-vegan-milk-sale-blackstone">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Activists+sour+on+Oatly+vegan+milk+after+stake+sold+to+Trump-linked+Blackstone&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft.aulast=Helmore&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffood%2F2020%2Fsep%2F01%2Foatly-vegan-milk-sale-blackstone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Olivia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/oatly-boycott-blackstone-investor">"Is There No Ethical Oat Milk Consumption Under Capitalism?"</a>. 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Retrieved September 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refinery29&rft.atitle=Is+There+No+Ethical+Oat+Milk+Consumption+Under+Capitalism%3F&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refinery29.com%2Fen-us%2Foatly-boycott-blackstone-investor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAliajWiggins2020" class="citation news cs1">Aliaj, Ortenca; Wiggins, Kaye (August 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/b84613e4-8751-45e6-94ff-a014de6e4c0d">"Blackstone snaps up Ancestry.com in $4.7bn deal"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806094405/https://www.ft.com/content/b84613e4-8751-45e6-94ff-a014de6e4c0d">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Blackstone+snaps+up+Ancestry.com+in+%244.7bn+deal&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft.aulast=Aliaj&rft.aufirst=Ortenca&rft.au=Wiggins%2C+Kaye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb84613e4-8751-45e6-94ff-a014de6e4c0d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2020" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Leo (August 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/e325a256-55b8-4b2e-8c87-fe18adca10e1">"Blackstone buys Takeda's over-the-counter business for $2.3bn"</a>. www.ft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200831232413/https://www.ft.com/content/e325a256-55b8-4b2e-8c87-fe18adca10e1">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ft.com&rft.atitle=Blackstone+buys+Takeda%27s+over-the-counter+business+for+%242.3bn&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fe325a256-55b8-4b2e-8c87-fe18adca10e1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2020/12/22/blackstone-will-invest-close-to-400-million-in-mobile-app-marker-liftoff/">"Blackstone will invest close to $400 million in mobile app marketer Liftoff"</a>. VentureBeat. December 22, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018001829/https://venturebeat.com/2020/12/22/blackstone-will-invest-close-to-400-million-in-mobile-app-marker-liftoff/">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VentureBeat&rft.atitle=Blackstone+will+invest+close+to+%24400+million+in+mobile+app+marketer+Liftoff&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2020%2F12%2F22%2Fblackstone-will-invest-close-to-400-million-in-mobile-app-marker-liftoff%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock2021" class="citation news cs1">Hancock, Alice (September 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/a166af94-d387-49ba-8ce4-4fca6880d261">"Butlin's owner Bourne Leisure slumps to loss as pandemic takes toll"</a>. Financial Times. 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Retrieved March 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Blackstone+Bids+to+Buy+Australia%27s+Crown+Resorts&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Cherney&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fblackstone-bids-to-buy-australias-crown-resorts-11616373001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKayeAshok2021" class="citation news cs1">Kaye, Byron; Ashok, Rashmi (March 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-crown-resorts-m-a-blackstone-group-idUSKBN2BD0SM">"Blackstone rolls the dice with $6.2 billion move on Australia's Crown Resorts"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323090750/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-crown-resorts-m-a-blackstone-group-idUSKBN2BD0SM">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2021. 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April 26, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426225216/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/hasbro-to-sell-eone-music-unit-to-blackstone-for-385-million-1.1595526">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2021. 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Associated Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Blackstone+acquires+pet+care+app+Rover+in+%242.3+billion+all-cash+deal&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=Ott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frover-blackstone-acquisition-pet-care-4158f82e99a8eda1c5f14a1675fa4c6f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoper2024" class="citation web cs1">Soper, Taylor (February 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geekwire.com/2024/rover-ceo-on-companys-next-chapter-as-pet-sitting-giant-completes-2-3b-deal-with-blackstone/">"Rover CEO on company's next chapter as pet-sitting giant completes $2.3B deal with Blackstone"</a>. 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The industry is ready to fight back"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015202542/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-finance-202/2019/12/17/the-finance-202-elizabeth-warren-is-escalating-attacks-on-private-equity-the-industry-is-ready-to-fight-back/5df8240488e0fa32a51409d4/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Finance+202%3A+Elizabeth+Warren+is+escalating+attacks+on+private+equity.+The+industry+is+ready+to+fight+back.&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft.aulast=Newmyer&rft.aufirst=Tory&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+Brent+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpowerpost%2Fpaloma%2Fthe-finance-202%2F2019%2F12%2F17%2Fthe-finance-202-elizabeth-warren-is-escalating-attacks-on-private-equity-the-industry-is-ready-to-fight-back%2F5df8240488e0fa32a51409d4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacey2019" class="citation web cs1">Stacey, George (November 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationofchange.org/2019/11/19/norvergence-reveals-the-real-culprit-of-amazon-deforestation-and-wildfires/">"Norvergence reveals the real culprit of Amazon deforestation and wildfires"</a>. Nation of Change. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907235723/https://www.nationofchange.org/2019/11/19/norvergence-reveals-the-real-culprit-of-amazon-deforestation-and-wildfires/">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nation+of+Change&rft.atitle=Norvergence+reveals+the+real+culprit+of+Amazon+deforestation+and+wildfires&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.aulast=Stacey&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationofchange.org%2F2019%2F11%2F19%2Fnorvergence-reveals-the-real-culprit-of-amazon-deforestation-and-wildfires%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackstone.com/the-firm/our-people/">"Our People"</a>. Blackstone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321005452/https://www.blackstone.com/the-firm/our-people/">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blackstone&rft.atitle=Our+People&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackstone.com%2Fthe-firm%2Four-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chairman2024-204">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chairman2024_204-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chairman2024_204-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2024" class="citation web cs1">Lim, Dawn (November 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-05/a-new-boss-is-taking-over-at-blackstone-s-37-billion-tac-opps-arm">"A New Boss Is Taking Over at Blackstone's $37 Billion Tac Opps Arm"</a>. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=A+New+Boss+Is+Taking+Over+at+Blackstone%27s+%2437+Billion+Tac+Opps+Arm&rft.date=2024-11-05&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2024-11-05%2Fa-new-boss-is-taking-over-at-blackstone-s-37-billion-tac-opps-arm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackstone+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_Inc.&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackstone.com/">Official website</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Business data for Blackstone Inc.: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Blackstone_Companies" title="Template:Blackstone Companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Blackstone_Companies" title="Template talk:Blackstone Companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Blackstone_Companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Blackstone Companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Blackstone86" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackstone Inc">Blackstone</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Peterson" title="Peter G. Peterson">Peter G. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman" title="Stephen A. Schwarzman">Stephen A. Schwarzman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Baratta" title="Joseph Baratta">Joseph Baratta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blitzer" title="David Blitzer">David Blitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_D._Gray" title="Jonathan D. Gray">Jonathan D. Gray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Altman" title="Roger Altman">Roger Altman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Fink" title="Larry Fink">Larry Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_E._James" title="Hamilton E. James">Hamilton E. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stockman" title="David Stockman">David Stockman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Studzinski" title="John J. Studzinski">John J. Studzinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Tosi" title="Laurence Tosi">Laurence Tosi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Credit" title="Blackstone Credit">Blackstone Credit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">Blackrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJT_Partners" title="PJT Partners">PJT Partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment holdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMS_Computers" title="CMS Computers">CMS Computers</a></li> <li>RGIS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunGard" title="SunGard">SunGard</a> (minority shareholder)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumer/retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Michaels_Companies" title="The Michaels Companies">The Michaels Companies</a> (Joint control)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnacle_Foods" title="Pinnacle Foods">Pinnacle Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Biscuits" title="United Biscuits">United Biscuits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IT services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mphasis" title="Mphasis">Mphasis</a> (56.12%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BankUnited" title="BankUnited">BankUnited</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corebridge_Financial" title="Corebridge Financial">Corebridge Financial</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HealthMarkets" title="HealthMarkets">HealthMarkets</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Guaranty_Insurance_Company" title="Financial Guaranty Insurance Company">FGIC</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refinitiv" title="Refinitiv">Refinitiv</a> (minority stake)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Healthcare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomet" title="Biomet">Biomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emcure_Pharmaceuticals" title="Emcure Pharmaceuticals">Emcure Pharmaceuticals</a> (investment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Health_Systems" title="Vanguard Health Systems">Vanguard Health Systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale</a> (Joint Control)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%B6ckner_Pentaplast" title="Klöckner Pentaplast">Klöckner Pentaplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRW_Automotive" title="TRW Automotive">TRW Automotive</a> (Control)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essel_Propack" title="Essel Propack">Essel Propack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media/telecom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MNRK_Music_Group" title="MNRK Music Group">MNRK Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dualtone_Records" title="Dualtone Records">Dualtone Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Gang_Records" title="Last Gang Records">Last Gang Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Records" title="Light Records">Light Records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SESAC" title="SESAC">SESAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAccess" class="mw-redirect" title="EAccess">eAccess</a> (investment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Holdings" title="Nielsen Holdings">Nielsen Holdings</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axtel" title="Axtel">Axtel</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDC_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="TDC Group">TDC Group</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">International Data Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Travel & leisure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton Worldwide</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_Dining_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Casual Dining Group">Casual Dining Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Parcs_Europe" title="Center Parcs Europe">Center Parcs Europe</a> (freehold)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Parcs_UK_and_Ireland" title="Center Parcs UK and Ireland">Center Parcs UK and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesars_Entertainment_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesars Entertainment Corporation">Caesars Entertainment Corporation</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Resorts" title="Crown Resorts">Crown Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wolf_Resorts" title="Great Wolf Resorts">Great Wolf Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Entertainments" title="Merlin Entertainments">Merlin Entertainments</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_Parks_%26_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment">SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travelport" title="Travelport">Travelport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_Leisure" title="Bourne Leisure">Bourne Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Hotel_Club" title="Village Hotel Club">Village Hotel Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Real estate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Stay_America" title="Extended Stay America">Extended Stay America</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EQ_Office" title="EQ Office">EQ Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Quinta_Inns_%26_Suites" title="La Quinta Inns & Suites">La Quinta Inns & Suites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Ryde_City" title="Top Ryde City">Top Ryde City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Private_equity_and_venture_capital411" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template talk:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Private_equity_and_venture_capital411" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyout" title="Buyout">Buyout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Leveraged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzanine_capital" title="Mezzanine capital">Mezzanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_capital" title="Growth capital">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_secondary_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Private equity secondary market">Secondaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_co-investment" title="Equity co-investment">Equity co-investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAV_lending" title="NAV lending">NAV lending</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_private_equity" title="Early history of private equity">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1980s" title="Private equity in the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1990s" title="Private equity in the 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2000s" title="Private equity in the 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2010s" title="Private equity in the 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2020s" title="Private equity in the 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Buyout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_sponsor" title="Financial sponsor">Financial sponsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">Management buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisional_buyout" title="Divisional buyout">Divisional buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy%E2%80%93sell_agreement" title="Buy–sell agreement">Buy–sell agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_recapitalization" title="Leveraged recapitalization">Leveraged recapitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_recapitalization" title="Dividend recapitalization">Dividend recapitalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">Business incubator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-money_valuation" title="Post-money valuation">Post-money valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-money_valuation" title="Pre-money valuation">Pre-money valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_agreement_for_future_equity" title="Simple agreement for future equity">SAFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_money" title="Seed money">Seed money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">Startup company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_financing" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture capital financing">Venture capital financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_debt" title="Venture debt">Venture debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_round" title="Venture round">Venture round</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_firm" title="Private equity firm">Private equity firms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_fund" title="Private equity fund">funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_partnership" title="Limited partnership">Limited partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_liability_company" title="Limited liability company">Limited liability company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carried_interest" title="Carried interest">Carried interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_fee" title="Management fee">Management fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pledge_fund" title="Pledge fund">Pledge fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicly_traded_private_equity" title="Publicly traded private equity">Publicly traded private equity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_Development_Company" title="Business Development Company">Business Development Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_trust" title="Venture capital trust">Venture capital trust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_investment_in_public_equity" title="Private investment in public equity">Private investment in public equity (PIPE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_acquisition_company" title="Special-purpose acquisition company">SPAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_venture_capital" title="Corporate venture capital">Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">Institutional investors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance#Insurance_companies" title="Insurance">Insurance companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">Merchant banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Commercial banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">High-net-worth individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">Family offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">Sovereign wealth funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related financial terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalization_table" title="Capitalization table">Cap table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_call" title="Capital call">Capital call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_commitment" title="Capital commitment">Capital commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure" title="Capital structure">Capital structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_waterfall" title="Distribution waterfall">Distribution waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest,_taxes,_depreciation_and_amortization" title="Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization">EBITDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envy_ratio" title="Envy ratio">Envy ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-yield_debt" title="High-yield debt">High-yield debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_rate_of_return" title="Internal rate of return">IRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverage_(finance)" title="Leverage (finance)">Leverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquidation_preference" title="Liquidation preference">Liquidation preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">M&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Market_Equivalent" title="Public Market Equivalent">PME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_of_private_equity_and_hedge_funds" title="Taxation of private equity and hedge funds">Taxation of private equity and hedge funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercapitalization" title="Undercapitalization">Undercapitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_year" title="Vintage year">Vintage year</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_equity_firms" title="List of private equity firms">List of private equity firms</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_venture_capital_firms" title="List of venture capital firms">List of venture capital firms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_private_equity_investment_firms595" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_private_equity_firms" title="Template:Largest private equity firms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_private_equity_firms" title="Template talk:Largest private equity firms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_private_equity_firms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest private equity firms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_private_equity_investment_firms595" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_equity_firms" title="List of private equity firms">Largest private equity investment firms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_International" title="Advent International">Advent International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Global_Management" title="Apollo Global Management">Apollo Global Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardian_(company)" title="Ardian (company)">Ardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bain_Capital" title="Bain Capital">Bain Capital</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blackstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Carlyle_Group" title="The Carlyle Group">Carlyle Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearlake_Capital" title="Clearlake Capital">Clearlake Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CVC_Capital_Partners" title="CVC Capital Partners">CVC Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EQT_AB" title="EQT AB">EQT AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Atlantic" title="General Atlantic">General Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarbourVest_Partners" title="HarbourVest Partners">HarbourVest Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellman_%26_Friedman" title="Hellman & Friedman">Hellman & Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hg_(equity_firm)" title="Hg (equity firm)">Hg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insight_Partners" title="Insight Partners">Insight Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Green_%26_Partners" title="Leonard Green & Partners">Leonard Green & Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_Funds" title="Lone Star Funds">Lone Star Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuberger_Berman" title="Neuberger Berman">Neuberger Berman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partners_Group" title="Partners Group">Partners Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permira" title="Permira">Permira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_(investment_firm)" title="Silver Lake (investment firm)">Silver Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_Bravo" title="Thoma Bravo">Thoma Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPG_Inc." title="TPG Inc.">TPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburg_Pincus" title="Warburg Pincus">Warburg Pincus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vista_Equity_Partners" title="Vista Equity Partners">Vista Equity Partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Methodology: <a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a> over US$70 billion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Private_equity_firms" title="Category:Private equity firms">Private equity firms</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Venture_capital_firms" title="Category:Venture capital firms">Venture capital firms</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Private_equity_portfolio_companies" title="Category:Private equity portfolio companies">Portfolio companies</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BlackRock60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BlackRock" title="Template:BlackRock"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BlackRock" title="Template talk:BlackRock"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BlackRock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BlackRock"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BlackRock60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Fink" title="Larry Fink">Larry Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Kapito" title="Robert S. Kapito">Robert S. Kapito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wagner" title="Susan Wagner">Susan Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:BlackRock_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BlackRock_wordmark.svg/140px-BlackRock_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BlackRock_wordmark.svg/210px-BlackRock_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BlackRock_wordmark.svg/280px-BlackRock_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="22" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Vasan" title="Philip Vasan">Philip Vasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Deese" title="Brian Deese">Brian Deese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hallac" title="Charles Hallac">Charles Hallac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Wiseman" title="Mark Wiseman">Mark Wiseman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Infrastructure_Partners" title="Global Infrastructure Partners">Global Infrastructure Partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(BlackRock)" title="Aladdin (BlackRock)">Aladdin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blackstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IShares" title="IShares">iShares</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Weather_Channel322" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Weather_Channel" title="Template:The Weather Channel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Weather_Channel" title="Template talk:The Weather Channel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Weather_Channel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Weather Channel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Weather_Channel322" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Network information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_Weather_Channel" title="History of The Weather Channel">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_personalities_on_The_Weather_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of personalities on The Weather Channel">List of meteorologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_on_the_8s" title="Local on the 8s">Local on the 8s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_The_Weather_Channel" title="List of programs broadcast by The Weather Channel">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Morning_Headquarters" title="America's Morning Headquarters">AMHQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Center_Live" title="Weather Center Live">Weather Center Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Long-form programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100_Biggest_Weather_Moments" title="100 Biggest Weather Moments">100 Biggest Weather Moments</a> (2007 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Thru_Hell" title="Highway Thru Hell">Highway Thru Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospectors_(TV_series)" title="Prospectors (TV series)">Prospectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Stories" title="Storm Stories">Storm Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_100_Weather_Moments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top 100 Weather Moments (page does not exist)">Top 100 Weather Moments</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weird_Earth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weird Earth (page does not exist)">Weird Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadline_to_Disaster" title="Deadline to Disaster">Deadline to Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_Weather_Changed_History" title="When Weather Changed History">When Weather Changed History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Force_Nature" title="Full Force Nature">Full Force Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forecast_Earth" title="Forecast Earth">Forecast Earth</a></li> <li>Weather Gone Viral</li> <li>Weather Caught on Camera</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Could_Happen_Tomorrow" title="It Could Happen Tomorrow">It Could Happen Tomorrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WeatherStar" title="WeatherStar">Weather Stars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WeatherStar" title="WeatherStar">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeatherStar#Former_systems" title="WeatherStar">4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Star_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Weather Star XL">XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntelliStar" class="mw-redirect" title="IntelliStar">IntelliStar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_Now" title="Local Now">Local Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherscan" title="Weatherscan">Weatherscan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel_Presents:_The_Best_of_Smooth_Jazz" title="The Weather Channel Presents: The Best of Smooth Jazz">The Best of Smooth Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel_Presents:_Smooth_Jazz_II" title="The Weather Channel Presents: Smooth Jazz II">Smooth Jazz II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct regional versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel_(Latin_America)" title="The Weather Channel (Latin America)">Latin America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former owners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_Media_Enterprises" title="Landmark Media Enterprises">Landmark Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bain_Capital" title="Bain Capital">Bain Capital</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blackstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2010027889">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20201096912&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987010474872605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/a2a6e78e-8eb3-47d1-9e63-0f13ecc946b6">MusicBrainz label</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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