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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upamiętnienie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upamiętnienie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Upamiętnienie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upamiętnienie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernest Rutherford</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 135 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%90%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%98%E1%88%AD%E1%8D%8E%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B5" title="እርነስት ራዘርፎርድ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እርነስት ራዘርፎርድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="إرنست رذرفورد – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرنست رذرفورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AB%27%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="আৰ্নেষ্ট ৰাডাৰফ'ৰ্ড – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৰ্নেষ্ট ৰাডাৰফ'ৰ্ড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="अर्नेस्ट रदरफोर्ड – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अर्नेस्ट रदरफोर्ड" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rezerford" title="Ernest Rezerford – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ernest Rezerford" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ارنست رادرفورد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ارنست رادرفورد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – balijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="আর্নেস্ট রাদারফোর্ড – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্নেস্ট রাদারফোর্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эрнест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнэст Рэзерфорд – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрнэст Рэзерфорд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнэст Рэзэрфорд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эрнэст Рэзэрфорд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ърнест Ръдърфорд – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ърнест Ръдърфорд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эрнест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – korsykański" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsykański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Έρνεστ Ράδερφορντ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έρνεστ Ράδερφορντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ارنست رادرفورد – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارنست رادرفورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – hindi fidżyjskie" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidżyjskie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%9F%AC%EB%8D%94%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C" title="어니스트 러더퍼드 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어니스트 러더퍼드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Էռնեստ Ռեզերֆորդ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էռնեստ Ռեզերֆորդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="अर्नेस्ट रदरफोर्ड – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्नेस्ट रदरफोर्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Резерфорд, Эрнест – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Резерфорд, Эрнест" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="ארנסט רתרפורד – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארנסט רתרפורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅರ್ನೆಸ್ಟ್ ರುದರ್‍ಫೋರ್ಡ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರ್ನೆಸ್ಟ್ ರುದರ್‍ಫೋರ್ಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – pampango" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ერნესტ რეზერფორდი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერნესტ რეზერფორდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эрнест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – kornijski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – kreolski haitański" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolski haitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эрнест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernestus_Rutherford" title="Ernestus Rutherford – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ernestus Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernests_Rezerfords" title="Ernests Rezerfords – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ernests Rezerfords" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ернест Радерфорд – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ернест Радерфорд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഏണസ്റ്റ് റൂഥർഫോർഡ് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഏണസ്റ്റ് റൂഥർഫോർഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="अर्नेस्ट रुदरफोर्ड – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अर्नेस्ट रुदरफोर्ड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ერნესტ რეზერფორდი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ერნესტ რეზერფორდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ارنست رذرفورد – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارنست رذرفورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ارنست رادرفورد – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ارنست رادرفورد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрнест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA" title="အားနပ်စ် ရူသာဖို့ဒ် – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အားနပ်စ် ရူသာဖို့ဒ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="अर्नेस्ट रुथरफोर्ड – newarski" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्नेस्ट रुथरफोर्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="アーネスト・ラザフォード – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーネスト・ラザフォード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Резерфорд, Эрнест – czeczeński" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Резерфорд, Эрнест" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="czeczeński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesti_Raazerfoordi" title="Ernesti Raazerfoordi – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ernesti Raazerfoordi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1" title="ਅਰਨਸਟ ਰਦਰਫ਼ੋਰਡ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰਨਸਟ ਰਦਰਫ਼ੋਰਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="ارنسٹ ردرفورڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ارنسٹ ردرفورڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ارنست رادرفورد – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ارنست رادرفورد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – piemoncki" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemoncki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – karakałpacki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakałpacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ернест Резерфорд – rusiński" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ернест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Резерфорд, Эрнест – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Резерфорд, Эрнест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эрнест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="अर्नेस्ट रदरफोर्ड – sanskryt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अर्नेस्ट रदरफोर्ड" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskryt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱮᱨᱱᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱚᱫᱚᱨᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱨᱱᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱚᱫᱚᱨᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="අර්නස්ට් රදර්ෆර්ඩ් – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අර්නස්ට් රදර්ෆර්ඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%95%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ئێرنست ڕەدەرفۆرد – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێرنست ڕەدەرفۆرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ернест Радерфорд – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ернест Радерфорд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="எர்ணஸ்ட் ரதர்ஃபோர்டு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எர்ணஸ்ட் ரதர்ஃபோர்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эрнест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="ఎర్నెస్ట్ రూథర్‌ఫోర్డ్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎర్నెస్ట్ రూథర్‌ఫోర్డ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="เออร์เนสต์ รัทเทอร์ฟอร์ด – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เออร์เนสต์ รัทเทอร์ฟอร์ด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эрнест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ернест Резерфорд – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ернест Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="ایرنسٹ رتھرفورڈ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایرنسٹ رتھرفورڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezerford_Ernest" title="Rezerford Ernest – wepski" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rezerford Ernest" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="wepski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – wolapik" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="wolapik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93" title="ערנעסט ראדערפארד – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערנעסט ראדערפארד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="歐內斯特·盧瑟福 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐內斯特·盧瑟福" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernestos_Rezerfuords" title="Ernestos Rezerfuords – żmudzki" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ernestos Rezerfuords" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="żmudzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ernest Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9123#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie 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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button 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.infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Ernest Rutherford</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ernest_Rutherford_LOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ernest_Rutherford_LOC.jpg/179px-Ernest_Rutherford_LOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ernest_Rutherford_LOC.jpg/268px-Ernest_Rutherford_LOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ernest_Rutherford_LOC.jpg/358px-Ernest_Rutherford_LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3190" data-file-height="4279" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Brytania" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielka Brytania</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/30_sierpnia" title="30 sierpnia">30 sierpnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Brightwater" title="Brightwater">Brightwater</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/19_pa%C5%BAdziernika" title="19 października">19 października</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: <a href="/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka">fizyka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a> </th> <td> <p>Nelson College,<br /> Canterbury College </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uczelnia </th> <td> <p>Victoria University of Manchester </p> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs grafika-z-wikidanych"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ernest_rutherford_sig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="podpis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ernest_rutherford_sig.jpg/130px-Ernest_rutherford_sig.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ernest_rutherford_sig.jpg/195px-Ernest_rutherford_sig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ernest_rutherford_sig.jpg/260px-Ernest_rutherford_sig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="102" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/30px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/45px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/60px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3320" data-file-height="3289" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medal Copleya</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ernest_Rutherford" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ernest_Rutherford" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ernest Rutherford">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Wikicytaty"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/47px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" class="extiw" title="q:Ernest Rutherford">Cytaty w Wikicytatach</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Ernest Rutherford, 1. Baron Rutherford of Nelson </b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/30_sierpnia" title="30 sierpnia">30 sierpnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a> w <a href="/wiki/Brightwater" title="Brightwater">Brightwater</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/19_pa%C5%BAdziernika" title="19 października">19 października</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> w <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>) – brytyjski <a href="/wiki/Fizyk" title="Fizyk">fizyk</a> urodzony w <a href="/wiki/Nowa_Zelandia" title="Nowa Zelandia">Nowej Zelandii</a><sup id="cite_ref-PBS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EBrit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBrit-2">[2]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">noblista</a>. Był jednym z pionierów <a href="/wiki/Fizyka_j%C4%85drowa" title="Fizyka jądrowa">fizyki jądrowej</a>, badając <a href="/wiki/Radioaktywno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Radioaktywność">rozpady promieniotwórcze</a>. W roku 1908 otrzymał za to <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">Nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</a>. Już jako noblista Rutherford potwierdził istnienie <a href="/wiki/J%C4%85dro_atomowe" title="Jądro atomowe">jądra atomowego</a> oraz <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protonów</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p><p>Odkrycie jądra atomowego pozwoliło między innymi na zmianę <a href="/wiki/Paradygmat" title="Paradygmat">paradygmatu</a> w fundamentach fizyki – stworzenie <a href="/wiki/Kwant" title="Kwant">kwantowego</a> modelu atomu przez <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Bohra</a>, przewidzenie <a href="/wiki/Dualizm_korpuskularno-falowy" title="Dualizm korpuskularno-falowy">falowej</a> natury <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronów</a> przez <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie’a</a> i sformułowanie pełnej <a href="/wiki/Mechanika_kwantowa" title="Mechanika kwantowa">mechaniki kwantowej</a> przez <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödingera</a> i <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Borna</a>. W co najmniej jednym z rankingów fizyków Rutherford znalazł się w pierwszej dziesiątce wszech czasów<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urodził się w Spring Grove (teraz <a href="/wiki/Brightwater" title="Brightwater">Brightwater</a>) niedaleko miasta <a href="/wiki/Nelson_(Nowa_Zelandia)" title="Nelson (Nowa Zelandia)">Nelson</a> w Nowej Zelandii. Studiował w Nelson College, a doktorat otrzymał w Canterbury College (teraz <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Canterbury" title="Uniwersytet Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a>). Głównym polem jego badań była w tym czasie <a href="/wiki/Elektryczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Elektryczność">elektryczność</a>. </p><p>W roku 1895 młody Rutherford przybył do Europy. Podjął pracę naukową w <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Brytania" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielkiej Brytanii</a> w <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium_Cavendisha" title="Laboratorium Cavendisha">Laboratorium Cavendisha</a>, będącym częścią <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Uniwersytetu w Cambridge</a>. W latach 1895–1898 prowadził badania nad promieniowaniem wytwarzanym przez niektóre pierwiastki chemiczne. Odkrył, że ta radiacja zawiera dwie składowe obdarzone <a href="/wiki/%C5%81adunek_elektryczny" title="Ładunek elektryczny">ładunkiem elektrycznym</a>. Promienie dodatnie nazwał <a href="/wiki/Promieniowanie_alfa" title="Promieniowanie alfa">promieniowaniem alfa</a>, ujemne – <a href="/wiki/Promieniowanie_beta" title="Promieniowanie beta">promieniowaniem beta</a>. </p><p>W roku 1898 Rutherford otrzymał posadę w katedrze fizyki na <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_McGilla" title="Uniwersytet McGilla">Uniwersytecie McGilla</a> w <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montrealu</a>. </p><p>W roku 1907 Rutherford podjął pracę na Victoria University of Manchester (od 2004 r. w składzie <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Manchester" title="The University of Manchester">Uniwersytetu Manchesterskiego</a>). Podczas pracy w tym ośrodku wykonał <a href="/wiki/Dziesi%C4%99%C4%87_najpi%C4%99kniejszych_eksperyment%C3%B3w_z_fizyki#Eksperyment_Rutherforda_(rok_1911)_–_odkrycie_jądra_atomowego" title="Dziesięć najpiękniejszych eksperymentów z fizyki">eksperyment Rutherforda</a>, zaliczany do dziesięciu najpiękniejszych eksperymentów z fizyki. Cząstki alfa przepuścił przez bardzo cienką złotą folię. Rozkład kątowy rozproszonych cząstek skłonił Rutherforda do wysnucia wniosku, że cała masa oraz dodatni ładunek atomu skupiony jest w bardzo niewielkiej objętości. W ten sposób potwierdził on eksperymentalnie istnienie jądra atomowego. </p><p>Badając zachowanie pierwiastków radioaktywnych udowodnił, że źródłem promieniowania tych pierwiastków jest spontaniczny rozpad promieniotwórczy. W roku 1908 otrzymał za to odkrycie <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">Nagrodę Nobla</a> w dziedzinie chemii. </p><p>Kolejnym osiągnięciem Rutherforda było dokonanie przemiany atomów azotu w atomy tlenu. </p><p>W roku 1919 Rutherford został szefem Laboratorium Cavendisha. Pod jego nadzorem prowadzono prace, które zostały nagrodzone trzema Nagrodami Nobla<sup class="noprint" title="Te informacje wymagają podania przypisów bibliograficznych od 2023-04">[<a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Przypisy" title="Pomoc:Przypisy">potrzebny przypis</a>]</sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> zaobserwował eksperymentalnie <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrony</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> oraz <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> rozbili jądro atomowe, korzystając z <a href="/wiki/Akcelerator_cz%C4%85stek" title="Akcelerator cząstek">akceleratora cząstek</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a> udowodnił istnienie <a href="/wiki/Jonosfera" title="Jonosfera">jonosfery</a>.</li></ul> <p>Rutherford miał <a href="/wiki/Przepuklina_p%C4%99powinowa" title="Przepuklina pępowinowa">przepuklinę pępkową</a>, do której podtrzymywania nosił pas przepuklinowy. W październiku 1937 upadł podczas prac w swoim ogrodzie, co spowodowało <a href="/wiki/Przepuklina_uwi%C4%99%C5%BAni%C4%99ta" title="Przepuklina uwięźnięta">uwięźnięcie przepukliny</a>. Mimo operacji, wykonanej następnego dnia w Cambridge w sali operacyjnej <a href="/wiki/Dom_pomocy_spo%C5%82ecznej" title="Dom pomocy społecznej">domu opieki</a> Evelyn Nursing Home (od 1983 The Evelyn Hospital)<sup id="cite_ref-Evelyn-Trust_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evelyn-Trust-5">[5]</a></sup>, nastąpiło ogólne zakażenie organizmu, wskutek którego Rutherford zmarł wieczorem 19 października 1937<sup id="cite_ref-Rhodes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rhodes-6">[6]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upamiętnienie"><span id="Upami.C4.99tnienie"></span>Upamiętnienie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Upamiętnienie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Upamiętnienie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Blue_Plaque_for_Ernest_Rutherford_University_of_Manchester.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blue_Plaque_for_Ernest_Rutherford_University_of_Manchester.jpg/240px-Blue_Plaque_for_Ernest_Rutherford_University_of_Manchester.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blue_Plaque_for_Ernest_Rutherford_University_of_Manchester.jpg/360px-Blue_Plaque_for_Ernest_Rutherford_University_of_Manchester.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blue_Plaque_for_Ernest_Rutherford_University_of_Manchester.jpg/480px-Blue_Plaque_for_Ernest_Rutherford_University_of_Manchester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>Tablica na budynku laboratorium w Manchesterze, gdzie uczony prowadził badania</figcaption></figure> <p>W 1997 roku jego nazwiskiem nazwano sztuczny <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_(pierwiastek)" title="Rutherford (pierwiastek)">pierwiastek 104</a> (łac. <i>unnilquadium</i>), oznaczany Rf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PBS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PBS_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bpruth.html">Ernest Rutherford 1871–1937</a>. [w:] <i>A Science Odyssey > People and Discoveries</i> [on-line]. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS),. [dostęp 2016-12-19].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBrit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EBrit_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Rutherford"><i>Ernest Rutherford</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2016-12-19]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ernest+Rutherford&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27%5B%5BEncyklopedia+Britannica%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FErnest-Rutherford" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3970203"><i>Rutherford Ernest</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-07-29]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=Rutherford+Ernest&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3970203" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" id="CITEREF1999"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/541840.stm">Einstein the greatest</a>. BBC News, 1999-11-29. [dostęp 2021-08-05].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evelyn-Trust-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Evelyn-Trust_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evelyntrust.com/about/history-evelyn-trust">History</a>. The Evelyn Trust. [dostęp 2021-08-30].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rhodes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rhodes_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rhodes" title="Richard Rhodes">Richard Rhodes</a>: <i>Jak powstała bomba atomowa</i>. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3szy%C5%84ski_i_S-ka" title="Prószyński i S-ka">Prószyński i S-ka</a>, 2000, s. 204-205. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8372551316" title="Specjalna:Książki/8372551316">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-7255-131-6</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jak+powsta%C5%82a+bomba+atomowa&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.pub=%5B%5BPr%C3%B3szy%C5%84ski+i+S-ka%5D%5D&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=204-205&rft.isbn=83-7255-131-6"></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/facts/">Ernest Rutherford – Facts</a>. [w:] <i>The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908</i> [on-line]. Nobel Media AB. [dostęp 2014-05-14]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/biographical/">Biographical</a>, Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1908, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/lecture/">The Chemical Nature of the Alpha Particles from Radioactive Substances</a></i></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/218/000068014/">Ernest Rutherford</a>. [w:] <i>Notable Names Database (NNDB)</i> [on-line]. [dostęp 2014-05-14]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-and-nuclear-structure/rutherford.aspx"><i>Ernest Rutherford</i>, biogram na stronie Chemical Heritage 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.opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Chemia" title="Szablon:Nobel Chemia"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Chemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Chemia (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Chemia&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff" title="Jacobus van ’t Hoff">van ’t Hoff</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Baeyer</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a></li> <li>1908: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rutherford</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">Skłodowska-Curie</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Martin Willstätter">Willstätter</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland" title="Heinrich Wieland">Wieland</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Urey</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Ružička</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_von_Hevesy" title="György von Hevesy">de Hevesy</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Virtanen" title="Artturi Virtanen">Virtanen</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Sumner" title="James Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg">Seaborg</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/R.L.M._Synge" title="R.L.M. Synge">Synge</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">du Vigneaud</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko%C5%82aj_Siemionow" title="Nikołaj Siemionow">Siemionow</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">Todd</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Woodward</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">Stein</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Fischer" title="Ernst Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brown" title="Herbert Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Ken%E2%80%99ichi_Fukui" title="Ken’ichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hauptman" title="Herbert Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach" title="Dudley Robert Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Cram" title="Donald Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pedersen" title="Charles Pedersen">Pedersen</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Corey" title="Elias Corey">Corey</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ernst" title="Richard Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus" title="Rudolph Marcus">Marcus</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemik)" title="Michael Smith (chemik)">Smith</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Olah" title="George Olah">Olah</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Boyer" title="Paul Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker" title="John Ernest Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Skou" title="Jens Skou">Skou</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Knowles" title="William Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka" title="Kōichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanower" title="Aaron Ciechanower">Ciechanower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awram_Herszko" title="Awram Herszko">Herszko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steitz" title="Thomas Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Jonath" title="Ada Jonath">Jonath</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiichi_Negishi" title="Eiichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Szechtman" title="Dan Szechtman">Szechtman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank"> Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_P._Winter" title="Gregory P. Winter">Winter</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksiej_Jekimow" title="Aleksiej Jekimow">Jekimow</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biolog)" title="David Baker (biolog)">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jumper" title="John Jumper">Jumper</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)" title="Szablon:Laureaci Medalu Copleya (XX wiek)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Medalu Copleya (XX wiek) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medalu Copleya</a> (XX wiek)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejew" title="Dmitrij Mendelejew">Dmitrij Mendelejew</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Miecznikow" title="Ilja Miecznikow">Ilja Miecznikow</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Albert Michelson</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">George Darwin</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Lankester" title="Ray Lankester">Ray Lankester</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Paw%C5%82ow" title="Iwan Pawłow">Iwan Pawłow</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux" title="Pierre Paul Émile Roux">Pierre Paul Émile Roux</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Maddock_Bayliss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Maddock Bayliss (strona nie istnieje)">William Maddock Bayliss</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Tabberer_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Tabberer Brown (strona nie istnieje)">Horace Tabberer Brown</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a></li> <li>1922: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Lamb (strona nie istnieje)">Horace Lamb</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Frederick Hopkins</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Charles Sherrington</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Parsons" title="Charles Parsons">Charles Parsons</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Schuster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Schuster (strona nie istnieje)">Arthur Schuster</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theobald_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theobald Smith (strona nie istnieje)">Theobald Smith</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">Thomas Lewis</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Barcroft (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Barcroft</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor">Geoffrey Ingram Taylor</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Avery" title="Oswald Avery">Oswald Avery</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Harold_Hardy" title="Godfrey Harold Hardy">Godfrey Harold Hardy</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Archibald Vivian Hill</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Charles_De_Hevesy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Charles De Hevesy (strona nie istnieje)">George Charles De Hevesy</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/David_Keilin" title="David Keilin">David Keilin</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Kluyver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Kluyver (strona nie istnieje)">Albert Kluyver</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Whittaker" title="Edmund Whittaker">Edmund Whittaker</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">John Edensor Littlewood</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fildes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fildes (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Fildes</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Chapman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Chapman (strona nie istnieje)">Sydney Chapman</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Tadeusz Reichstein</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Robertus Todd (strona nie istnieje)">Alexander Robertus Todd</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Pirie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Pirie (strona nie istnieje)">Norman Pirie</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Andrew Fielding Huxley</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge (strona nie istnieje)">William Vallance Douglas Hodge</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Harold_Richard_Barton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Harold Richard Barton (strona nie istnieje)">Derek Harold Richard Barton</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Peierls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Peierls (strona nie istnieje)">Rudolf Peierls</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hill_(biochemik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hill (biochemik) (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Hill</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Charles_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Charles Frank (strona nie istnieje)">Frederick Charles Frank</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Fenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Fenner (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Fenner</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Cottrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Cottrell (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Cottrell</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_James_Lighthill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael James Lighthill (strona nie istnieje)">Michael James Lighthill</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rushton_Battersby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Rushton Battersby (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Rushton Battersby</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Copley_Medal_(obverse).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/100px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/150px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/200px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="923" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Rumforda" title="Szablon:Laureaci Medalu Rumforda"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Medalu_Rumforda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Medalu Rumforda (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Rumforda&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Medal_Rumforda" title="Medal Rumforda">Medalu Rumforda</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XVIII wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1800: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson" title="Benjamin Thompson">Hrabia Rumford</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XIX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1804: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Leslie_(fizyk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Leslie (fizyk) (strona nie istnieje)">John Leslie</a></li> <li>1806: <a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch_(in%C5%BCynier)" title="William Murdoch (inżynier)">William Murdoch</a></li> <li>1810: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Louis_Malus" title="Étienne Louis Malus">Étienne Louis Malus</a></li> <li>1814: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Charles_Wells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Charles Wells (strona nie istnieje)">William Charles Wells</a></li> <li>1816: <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a></li> <li>1818: <a href="/wiki/David_Brewster" title="David Brewster">David Brewster</a></li> <li>1824: <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Jean_Fresnel" title="Augustin Jean Fresnel">Augustin Jean Fresnel</a></li> <li>1832: <a href="/wiki/John_Frederic_Daniell" title="John Frederic Daniell">John Frederic Daniell</a></li> <li>1834: <a href="/wiki/Macedonio_Melloni" title="Macedonio Melloni">Macedonio Melloni</a></li> <li>1838: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_David_Forbes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James David Forbes (strona nie istnieje)">James David Forbes</a></li> <li>1840: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Biot" title="Jean-Baptiste Biot">Jean-Baptiste Biot</a></li> <li>1842: <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_Talbot" title="William Fox Talbot">William Fox Talbot</a></li> <li>1846: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a></li> <li>1848: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Victor_Regnault" title="Henri Victor Regnault">Henri Victor Regnault</a></li> <li>1850: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a></li> <li>1852: <a href="/wiki/George_Gabriel_Stokes" title="George Gabriel Stokes">George Gabriel Stokes</a></li> <li>1854: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Arnott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neil Arnott (strona nie istnieje)">Neil Arnott</a></li> <li>1856: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a></li> <li>1858: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Jamin" title="Jules Jamin">Jules Jamin</a></li> <li>1860: <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a></li> <li>1862: <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff" title="Gustav Kirchhoff">Gustav Kirchhoff</a></li> <li>1864: <a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall" title="John Tyndall">John Tyndall</a></li> <li>1866: <a href="/wiki/Armand_Fizeau" title="Armand Fizeau">Armand Fizeau</a></li> <li>1868: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balfour_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balfour Stewart (strona nie istnieje)">Balfour Stewart</a></li> <li>1870: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Des_Cloizeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Des Cloizeaux (strona nie istnieje)">Alfred Des Cloizeaux</a></li> <li>1872: <a href="/wiki/Anders_Jonas_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Anders Jonas Ångström">Anders Jonas Ångström</a></li> <li>1874: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lockyer" title="Norman Lockyer">Norman Lockyer</a></li> <li>1876: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Janssen" title="Pierre Janssen">Pierre Janssen</a></li> <li>1878: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Alfred_Cornu" title="Marie Alfred Cornu">Marie Alfred Cornu</a></li> <li>1880: <a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a></li> <li>1882: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_de_Wiveleslie_Abney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William de Wiveleslie Abney (strona nie istnieje)">William de Wiveleslie Abney</a></li> <li>1884: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_Robertus_Thal%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobias Robertus Thalén (strona nie istnieje)">Tobias Robertus Thalén</a></li> <li>1886: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pierpont_Langley" title="Samuel Pierpont Langley">Samuel Pierpont Langley</a></li> <li>1888: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Tacchini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Tacchini (strona nie istnieje)">Pietro Tacchini</a></li> <li>1890: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a></li> <li>1892: <a href="/wiki/Nils_Christofer_Dun%C3%A9r" title="Nils Christofer Dunér">Nils Christofer Dunér</a></li> <li>1894: <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a></li> <li>1896: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a></li> <li>1898: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lodge" title="Oliver Lodge">Oliver Lodge</a></li> <li>1900: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Parsons" title="Charles Parsons">Charles Parsons</a></li> <li>1904: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Longbourne_Callendar" title="Hugh Longbourne Callendar">Hugh Longbourne Callendar</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rubens" title="Heinrich Rubens">Heinrich Rubens</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Lord Rayleigh</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fabry" title="Charles Fabry">Charles Fabry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P%C3%A9rot" title="Alfred Pérot">Alfred Pérot</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Lord Rayleigh</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Vernon_Boys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Vernon Boys (strona nie istnieje)">Charles Vernon Boys</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Schuster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Schuster (strona nie istnieje)">Arthur Schuster</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Paschen" title="Friedrich Paschen">Friedrich Paschen</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wander_Johannes_de_Haas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wander Johannes de Haas (strona nie istnieje)">Wander Johannes de Haas</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_John_Coker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest John Coker (strona nie istnieje)">Ernest John Coker</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Wood (strona nie istnieje)">Robert W. Wood</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Dobson" title="Gordon Dobson">Gordon Dobson</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Ralph_Ricardo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Ralph Ricardo (strona nie istnieje)">Harry Ralph Ricardo</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Egerton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Egerton (strona nie istnieje)">Alfred Egerton</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Eugen_Simon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Eugen Simon (strona nie istnieje)">Franz Eugen Simon</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Whittle" title="Frank Whittle">Frank Whittle</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Frits Zernike</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Reginald_Burch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil Reginald Burch (strona nie istnieje)">Cecil Reginald Burch</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Philip_Bowden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Philip Bowden (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Philip Bowden</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Ralph_Merton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Ralph Merton (strona nie istnieje)">Thomas Ralph Merton</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Gordon_Gaydon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Gordon Gaydon (strona nie istnieje)">Alfred Gordon Gaydon</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dudley_Maurice_Newitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dudley Maurice Newitt (strona nie istnieje)">Dudley Maurice Newitt</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Christoffel_van_de_Hulst" title="Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst">Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Penney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Penney (strona nie istnieje)">William Penney</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Hinton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Hinton (strona nie istnieje)">Christopher Hinton</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basil_John_Mason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basil John Mason (strona nie istnieje)">Basil John Mason</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Cottrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Cottrell (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Cottrell</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Frank_Vinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Frank Vinen (strona nie istnieje)">William Frank Vinen</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gorrie_Wynne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gorrie Wynne (strona nie istnieje)">Charles Gorrie Wynne</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Horace_Hopkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Horace Hopkins (strona nie istnieje)">Harold Horace Hopkins</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_Rooke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis Rooke (strona nie istnieje)">Denis Rooke</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Weinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix Weinberg (strona nie istnieje)">Felix Weinberg</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Spear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Spear (strona nie istnieje)">Walter Spear</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Neville_Vazeille_Temperley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (strona nie istnieje)">Harold Temperley</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Keller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Keller (strona nie istnieje)">Andrew Keller</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenville_Turner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenville Turner (strona nie istnieje)">Grenville Turner</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Friend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Friend (strona nie istnieje)">Richard Friend</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Sibbett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilson Sibbett (strona nie istnieje)">Wilson Sibbett</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2002: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_King_(chemik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David King (chemik) (strona nie istnieje)">David King</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Dixon_(chemik)" title="Richard N. Dixon (chemik)">Richard Dixon</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Hansen_(chemik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pierre Hansen (chemik) (strona nie istnieje)">Jean-Pierre Hansen</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hinds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Hinds (strona nie istnieje)">Edward Hinds</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Lonzarich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Lonzarich (strona nie istnieje)">Gilbert Lonzarich</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Taylor (strona nie istnieje)">Roy Taylor</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Bauberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Bauberg (strona nie istnieje)">Jeremy Bauberg</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortwin_Hess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortwin Hess (strona nie istnieje)">Ortwin Hess</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Walmsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Walmsley (strona nie istnieje)">Ian Walmsley</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Padgett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miles Padgett (strona nie istnieje)">Miles Padgett</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Gill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Gill (strona nie istnieje)">Patrick Gill</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Frenk" title="Carlos Frenk">Carlos Frenk</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Pierrehumbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Pierrehumbert (strona nie istnieje)">Raymond Pierrehumbert</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Count_Rumford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Count_Rumford.jpg/60px-Count_Rumford.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Count_Rumford.jpg/90px-Count_Rumford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Count_Rumford.jpg/120px-Count_Rumford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="2183" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Fizyka_j%C4%85drowa" title="Szablon:Fizyka jądrowa"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Fizyka_j%C4%85drowa" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Fizyka jądrowa"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Fizyka_j%C4%85drowa&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Fizyka jądrowa</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist navbox-above above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radioaktywno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Radioaktywność">Radioaktywność</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozszczepienie_j%C4%85dra_atomowego" title="Rozszczepienie jądra atomowego">Rozszczepienie jądra atomowego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reakcja_termoj%C4%85drowa" title="Reakcja termojądrowa">Fuzja jądrowa</a></li></ul> </div><div class="flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Rodzaje rozpadów</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rozpad_alfa" title="Rozpad alfa">rozpad alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozpad_beta" title="Rozpad beta">rozpad beta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rozpad_beta_minus" title="Rozpad beta minus">beta minus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rozpad_beta_plus" title="Rozpad beta plus">beta plus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emisja_gamma" title="Emisja gamma">emisja gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podw%C3%B3jny_rozpad_beta" title="Podwójny rozpad beta">podwójny rozpad beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konwersja_wewn%C4%99trzna" title="Konwersja wewnętrzna">konwersja wewnętrzna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przej%C5%9Bcie_izomeryczne" title="Przejście izomeryczne">przejście izomeryczne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promieniotw%C3%B3rczo%C5%9B%C4%87_ci%C4%99%C5%BCkojonowa" title="Promieniotwórczość ciężkojonowa">promieniotwórczość ciężkojonowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samorzutne_rozszczepienie_j%C4%85dra_atomowego" title="Samorzutne rozszczepienie jądra atomowego">samorzutne rozszczepienie jądra atomowego</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Emisje</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emisja_neutronu" title="Emisja neutronu">emisja neutronu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozpad_beta_plus" title="Rozpad beta plus">emisja pozytonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emisja_protonu" title="Emisja protonu">emisja protonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emisja_dwuprotonowa" title="Emisja dwuprotonowa">emisja dwuprotonowa</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Wychwyty</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wychwyt_elektronu" title="Wychwyt elektronu">wychwyt elektronu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wychwyt_neutronu" title="Wychwyt neutronu">wychwyt neutronu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podw%C3%B3jny_wychwyt_elektronu" title="Podwójny wychwyt elektronu">podwójny wychwyt elektronu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proces_r" title="Proces r">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proces_s" title="Proces s">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proces_p" title="Proces p">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proces_rp" title="Proces rp">Rp</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Reakcje wysokoenergetyczne</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spalacja" title="Spalacja">spalacja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotodezintegracja" title="Fotodezintegracja">fotodezintegracja</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nukleosynteza" title="Nukleosynteza">Nukleosynteza</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwiezdna_nukleosynteza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwiezdna nukleosynteza (strona nie istnieje)">gwiezdna nukleosynteza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierwotna_nukleosynteza" title="Pierwotna nukleosynteza">pierwotna nukleosynteza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleosynteza_w_supernowych&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukleosynteza w supernowych (strona nie istnieje)">nukleosynteza w supernowych</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Relativistic_formula.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Relativistic_formula.svg/100px-Relativistic_formula.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Relativistic_formula.svg/150px-Relativistic_formula.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Relativistic_formula.svg/200px-Relativistic_formula.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="195" /></a></span> </p> </div></div><div class="hlist navbox-below below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fowler" title="William Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gamow" title="George Gamow">Gamow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" title="Fred Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">Skłodowska-Curie</a></li></ul> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Modele_atom%C3%B3w" title="Szablon:Modele atomów"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Modele_atom%C3%B3w" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Modele atomów"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Modele_atom%C3%B3w&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Modele atomów</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist navbox-above above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%85dro_atomowe" title="Jądro atomowe">Jądro atomowe</a></li></ul> </div><div class="flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fizyka_klasyczna" title="Fizyka klasyczna">klasyczne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_atomistyczna_Daltona" title="Teoria atomistyczna Daltona">model Daltona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_atomu_Thomsona" title="Model atomu Thomsona">model Thomsona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_atomu_Lewisa" title="Model atomu Lewisa">model Lewisa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_atomu_Nagaoki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model atomu Nagaoki (strona nie istnieje)">model Nagaoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_atomu_Rutherforda" title="Model atomu Rutherforda">model Rutherforda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_atomu_Gryzi%C5%84skiego" title="Model atomu Gryzińskiego">model Gryzińskiego</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mechanika_kwantowa" title="Mechanika kwantowa">kwantowe</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model_atomu_Bohra" title="Model atomu Bohra">model Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_atomu_Bohra-Sommerfelda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model atomu Bohra-Sommerfelda (strona nie istnieje)">model Bohra-Sommerfelda</a><span class="noprint link-interwiki" style="position:relative;top:-.4em; white-space: nowrap; font-size:x-small;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360686#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q360686">(inne języki)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital" title="Orbital">model Schrödingera</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Naukowiec" title="Naukowiec">uczeni</a> według<br />daty narodzin</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a3_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/XVIII_wiek" title="XVIII wiek">XVIII wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/XIX_wiek" title="XIX wiek">XIX wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hantaro_Nagaoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hantaro Nagaoka (strona nie istnieje)">Hantaro Nagaoka</a><span class="noprint link-interwiki" style="position:relative;top:-.4em; white-space: nowrap; font-size:x-small;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936356#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q1936356">(inne języki)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Lewis" title="Gilbert Lewis">Gilbert Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3_3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/XX_wiek" title="XX wiek">XX wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Gryzi%C5%84ski" title="Michał Gryziński">Michał Gryziński</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Atom_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Atom_symbol.svg/70px-Atom_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Atom_symbol.svg/105px-Atom_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Atom_symbol.svg/140px-Atom_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121373664">0000000121373664</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/66546175">66546175</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n50024959">n50024959</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118750488">118750488</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00551327">00551327</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/qn2591t858fdcnp">qn2591t858fdcnp</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123759185">123759185</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027711978">027711978</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Australii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Australii">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35183523">35183523</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/skuk0004924">skuk0004924</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1468782">XX1468782</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p07100081X">07100081X</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3011863">3011863</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90169430">90169430</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05916938">DA05916938</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL18125A">OL18125A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810545489705606">9810545489705606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2001015858">n01015858</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">OBIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/35891">35891</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267442905171">987007267442905171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Portugalii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Portugalii">PTBNP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.bn.pt/nca/unimarc-authorities/txt?id=111699">111699</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" class="extiw" title="ca:Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a17568936">a17568936</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000202587&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000202587</a></span></li><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Biblioteca Nacional de Chile">BNC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000851602">000851602</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grecka_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Grecka Biblioteka Narodowa">ΕΒΕ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record204398">204398</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Korei" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Korei">KRNLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librarian.nl.go.kr/LI/contents/L20101000000.do?id=KAC202089233">KAC202089233</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Litewska_Biblioteka_Narodowa_im._Martynasa_Ma%C5%BEvydasa" title="Litewska Biblioteka Narodowa im. Martynasa Mažvydasa">LIH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lnb.libis.lt/simpleSearch.do?doSearch=1&AI001=LNB%3AvxH%3B%3DCG">LNB:vxH;=CG</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3970203.html">3970203</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Rutherford">biography/Ernest-Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/rutherford-ernest-baron-rutherford-de-nelson/">rutherford-ernest-baron-rutherford-de-nelson</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/rutherford-of-nelson-ernest-lord">rutherford-of-nelson-ernest-lord</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/ernest-rutherford/">ernest-rutherford</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/ernest-rutherford">ernest-rutherford</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Ernest_Rutherford">Ernest_Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/ernest-rutherford/">ernest-rutherford</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0057421.xml">0057421</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Ernest_Rutherford">Ernest_Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=53791">53791</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1153" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1153">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=24769909200">24769909200</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&oldid=74660383">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Rutherford&oldid=74660383</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Brytyjscy_fizycy_XIX_wieku" title="Kategoria:Brytyjscy fizycy XIX wieku">Brytyjscy fizycy XIX wieku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Brytyjscy_fizycy_XX_wieku" title="Kategoria:Brytyjscy fizycy XX wieku">Brytyjscy fizycy XX wieku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Nowozelandzcy_fizycy_XX_wieku" title="Kategoria:Nowozelandzcy fizycy XX wieku">Nowozelandzcy fizycy XX wieku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Brytyjscy_fizycy_do%C5%9Bwiadczalni" title="Kategoria:Brytyjscy fizycy doświadczalni">Brytyjscy fizycy doświadczalni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Fizycy_j%C4%85drowi" title="Kategoria:Fizycy jądrowi">Fizycy jądrowi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Brytyjscy_fizycy_cz%C4%85stek" title="Kategoria:Brytyjscy fizycy cząstek">Brytyjscy fizycy cząstek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wyk%C5%82adowcy_uczelni_w_Wielkiej_Brytanii" title="Kategoria:Wykładowcy uczelni w Wielkiej Brytanii">Wykładowcy uczelni w Wielkiej Brytanii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wyk%C5%82adowcy_Uniwersytetu_McGilla_w_Montrealu" title="Kategoria:Wykładowcy Uniwersytetu McGilla w Montrealu">Wykładowcy Uniwersytetu McGilla w Montrealu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Odkrywcy_cz%C4%85stek_elementarnych" title="Kategoria:Odkrywcy cząstek elementarnych">Odkrywcy cząstek elementarnych</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Nobli%C5%9Bci_%E2%80%93_chemia" title="Kategoria:Nobliści – chemia">Nobliści – chemia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Brytyjscy_laureaci_Medalu_Rumforda" title="Kategoria:Brytyjscy laureaci Medalu Rumforda">Brytyjscy laureaci Medalu Rumforda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya" title="Kategoria:Laureaci Medalu Copleya">Laureaci Medalu Copleya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ludzie_upami%C4%99tnieni_nazwami_pierwiastk%C3%B3w_chemicznych" title="Kategoria:Ludzie upamiętnieni nazwami pierwiastków chemicznych">Ludzie upamiętnieni nazwami pierwiastków chemicznych</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ludzie_upami%C4%99tnieni_nazwami_do%C5%9Bwiadcze%C5%84_fizycznych" title="Kategoria:Ludzie upamiętnieni nazwami doświadczeń fizycznych">Ludzie upamiętnieni nazwami doświadczeń fizycznych</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1871" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1871">Urodzeni w 1871</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zmarli_w_1937" title="Kategoria:Zmarli w 1937">Zmarli w 1937</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pochowani_w_Opactwie_Westminsterskim" title="Kategoria:Pochowani w Opactwie Westminsterskim">Pochowani w Opactwie Westminsterskim</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_z_brakuj%C4%85cymi_przypisami_od_2023-04" title="Kategoria:Artykuły z brakującymi przypisami od 2023-04">Artykuły z brakującymi przypisami od 2023-04</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_z_propozycjami_t%C5%82umacze%C5%84" title="Kategoria:Artykuły z propozycjami tłumaczeń">Artykuły z propozycjami tłumaczeń</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 31 sie 2024, 21:04.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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