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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nectar producing trees</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nectar_producing_trees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nectar producing trees subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nectar_producing_trees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eucalyptus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eucalyptus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Eucalyptus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eucalyptus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Oaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamarisk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamarisk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Tamarisk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamarisk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honeydew_honey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honeydew_honey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Honeydew honey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honeydew_honey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Honeydew (secretion)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%AB%D8%B1" title="مغثر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مغثر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Мядзвяная падзь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мядзвяная падзь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Мана (секрет) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мана (секрет)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_de_melada" title="Mel de melada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mel de melada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medovice" title="Medovice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Medovice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honningdug" title="Honningdug – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Honningdug" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honigtau" title="Honigtau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Honigtau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mielada" title="Mielada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mielada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mielroso" title="Mielroso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mielroso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezti-ihintz" title="Ezti-ihintz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ezti-ihintz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84%DA%A9" title="عسلک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عسلک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miellat" title="Miellat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Miellat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EB%A1%9C_(%EB%B6%84%EB%B9%84%EB%AC%BC)" title="감로 (분비물) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="감로 (분비물)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu_serangga_(sekresi)" title="Madu serangga (sekresi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madu serangga (sekresi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melata" title="Melata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Melata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C_%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A9" title="טל דבש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טל דבש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip%C4%8Dius" title="Lipčius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lipčius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9zharmat" title="Mézharmat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mézharmat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu_serangga" title="Madu serangga – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Madu serangga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honingdauw" title="Honingdauw – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Honingdauw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2_(%E6%98%86%E8%99%AB%E5%AD%A6)" title="甘露 (昆虫学) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="甘露 (昆虫学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honningdugg" title="Honningdugg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Honningdugg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honnigdau" title="Honnigdau – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Honnigdau" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spad%C5%BA" title="Spadź – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spadź" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melada" title="Melada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Melada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Медвяная падь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медвяная падь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeydew" title="Honeydew – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Honeydew" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesikaste" title="Mesikaste – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mesikaste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honungsdagg" title="Honungsdagg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Honungsdagg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Падь (речовина) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Падь (речовина)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E9%9C%B2" title="蜜露 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蜜露" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E9%9C%B2" title="蜜露 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蜜露" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q751760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Ant_Receives_Honeydew_from_Aphid.jpg/220px-Ant_Receives_Honeydew_from_Aphid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Ant_Receives_Honeydew_from_Aphid.jpg/330px-Ant_Receives_Honeydew_from_Aphid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Ant_Receives_Honeydew_from_Aphid.jpg/440px-Ant_Receives_Honeydew_from_Aphid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Aphid" title="Aphid">aphid</a> produces honeydew for an <a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">ant</a> in an example of <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" title="Mutualism (biology)">mutualistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Symbiosis" title="Symbiosis">symbiosis</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honeydew_on_a_leaf_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Honeydew_on_a_leaf_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Honeydew_on_a_leaf_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Honeydew_on_a_leaf_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Honeydew_on_a_leaf_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Honeydew_on_a_leaf_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Honeydew_on_a_leaf_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Honeydew drops on leaves</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolichovespula_maculata_sips_nectar_from_Disholcaspis_quercusmamma_gall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dolichovespula_maculata_sips_nectar_from_Disholcaspis_quercusmamma_gall.jpg/220px-Dolichovespula_maculata_sips_nectar_from_Disholcaspis_quercusmamma_gall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dolichovespula_maculata_sips_nectar_from_Disholcaspis_quercusmamma_gall.jpg/330px-Dolichovespula_maculata_sips_nectar_from_Disholcaspis_quercusmamma_gall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dolichovespula_maculata_sips_nectar_from_Disholcaspis_quercusmamma_gall.jpg/440px-Dolichovespula_maculata_sips_nectar_from_Disholcaspis_quercusmamma_gall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dolichovespula_maculata" title="Dolichovespula maculata">Bald-faced hornet</a> sips honeydew from a <i><a href="/wiki/Disholcaspis_quercusmamma" title="Disholcaspis quercusmamma">Disholcaspis quercusmamma</a></i> gall covered by <a href="/wiki/Sooty_mold" title="Sooty mold">sooty mold</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm/220px--Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm/Brood_XIII-Magicicada_cassini-male_peeing_honeydew.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Magicicada_cassini" title="Magicicada cassini">Magicicada cassini</a></i> "cicada rain" slow motion</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Honeydew</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>-rich sticky <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a>, secreted by <a href="/wiki/Aphid" title="Aphid">aphids</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Scale_insect" title="Scale insect">scale insects</a>, and many other <a href="/wiki/True_bugs" class="mw-redirect" title="True bugs">true bugs</a> and some other insects as they feed on <a href="/wiki/Plant_sap" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant sap">plant sap</a>. When their mouthpart penetrates the <a href="/wiki/Phloem" title="Phloem">phloem</a>, the sugary, high-pressure liquid is forced out of the <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> of the insects, allowing them to rapidly process the large volume of sap required to extract essential nutrients present at low concentrations. Honeydew is particularly common as a secretion in <a href="/wiki/Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">hemipteran</a> insects and is often the basis for <a href="/wiki/Trophobiosis" title="Trophobiosis">trophobiosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tropho_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar" title="Caterpillar">caterpillars</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lycaenidae" title="Lycaenidae">Lycaenidae</a> butterflies and some moths also produce honeydew.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to various sugars, honeydew contains small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a>, other organic compounds, and inorganic <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a> with its precise makeup affected by factors such as insect species, host plant species, and whether a symbiotic organism is present.<sup id="cite_ref-tropho_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Honeydew-producing insects, like <a href="/wiki/Cicadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicadas">cicadas</a>, pierce phloem ducts to access the sugar rich sap; the excess fluid released by cicadas as honeydew is called "cicada rain".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbsnews_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sap continues to bleed after the insects have moved on, leaving a white sugar crust called manna.<sup id="cite_ref-lee_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">Ants</a> may collect, or "milk", honeydew directly from aphids and other honeydew producers, which benefit from their presence due to their driving away predators such as <a href="/wiki/Coccinellidae" title="Coccinellidae">lady beetles</a> or parasitic wasps—see <i><a href="/wiki/Crematogaster_peringueyi" title="Crematogaster peringueyi">Crematogaster peringueyi</a></i>. Animals and plants in a mutually symbiotic arrangement with ants are called <a href="/wiki/Myrmecophily" title="Myrmecophily">Myrmecophiles</a>. </p><p>In Madagascar, some gecko species in the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Phelsuma" title="Phelsuma">Phelsuma</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lygodactylus" title="Lygodactylus">Lygodactylus</a></i> are known to approach <a href="/wiki/Flatidae" title="Flatidae">flatid</a> plant-hoppers on tree-trunks from below and induce them to excrete honeydew by head nodding behaviour. The plant-hopper then raises its abdomen and excretes a drop of honeydew almost right onto the snout of the gecko.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Honeydew can cause <a href="/wiki/Sooty_mold" title="Sooty mold">sooty mold</a> on many <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plants</a>. It also contaminates vehicles parked beneath trees, and can then be difficult to remove from glass and bodywork. Honeydew is also secreted by certain fungi, particularly <a href="/wiki/Ergot" title="Ergot">ergot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honeydew is collected by certain species of birds, mosquitoes,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wasp" title="Wasp">wasps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stingless_bee" title="Stingless bee">stingless bees</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">honey bees</a>, which process it into a dark, strong <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Honey#Honeydew_honey" title="Honey">honeydew honey</a>). This is highly prized in parts of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> for its reputed medicinal value. <i><a href="/wiki/Parachartergus_fraternus" title="Parachartergus fraternus">Parachartergus fraternus</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Eusociality" title="Eusociality">eusocial</a> wasp species, collects honeydew to feed to their growing larvae.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent research has also documented the use of honeydew by over 40 species of wild, native, mostly solitary bees in California.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dew" title="Dew">dew</a> falls from the <a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash tree">ash tree</a> <a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasil</a> to the earth, and according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i> book <i><a href="/wiki/Gylfaginning" title="Gylfaginning">Gylfaginning</a></i>, "this is what people call honeydew and from it bees feed."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <i>méli</i>, or "honey", drips from the Manna–ash (<i><a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_ornus" title="Fraxinus ornus">Fraxinus ornus</a></i>), with which the <i><a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></i>, or "ash tree <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymphs</a>", nursed the infant god <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as in the <i>Hymn to Zeus</i> by <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Honey-dew is referenced in the last lines of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Coleridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Coleridge">Samuel Coleridge</a>'s poem <i><a href="/wiki/Kubla_Khan" title="Kubla Khan">Kubla Khan</a></i>, perhaps because of its mythological connotations: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>And all who heard should see them there,<br /> And all should cry, Beware! Beware!<br /> His flashing eyes, his floating hair!<br /> Weave a circle round him thrice,<br /> And close your eyes with holy dread,<br /> For he on honey-dew hath fed,<br /> And drunk the milk of Paradise. </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nectar_producing_trees">Nectar producing trees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nectar producing trees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honeydew_under_the_tree.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Honeydew_under_the_tree.jpeg/170px-Honeydew_under_the_tree.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Honeydew_under_the_tree.jpeg/255px-Honeydew_under_the_tree.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Honeydew_under_the_tree.jpeg/340px-Honeydew_under_the_tree.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Honeydew puddle under a tree</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dates">Dates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ommatissus_lybicus" title="Ommatissus lybicus">Ommatissus lybicus</a></i> is attracted to certain <a href="/wiki/Cultivars" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultivars">cultivars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Date_palm_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Date palm tree">date palm tree</a>. The honeydew producing insects preferred the <a href="/wiki/Medjhool" class="mw-redirect" title="Medjhool">Medjhool</a> variety to the <a href="/wiki/Deglet_Noor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deglet Noor">Deglet Noor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, where they have been observed in the <a href="/wiki/Arava_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Arava Valley">Arava Valley</a>. Very dense insect populations may have some adverse effects. Different methods of controlling the insects, including natural and chemical, have been studied.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Eucalyptus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Eucalypt" title="Eucalypt">eucalypt</a> forests, production of both the honeydew nectar and manna tends to increase in spring and autumn. <i><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a></i> can produce even more manna than honeydew nectar. The <a href="/wiki/Sugar_glider" title="Sugar glider">sugar glider</a> eats both, licking the nectar from branches. Other species attracted to the nectar include the <a href="/wiki/Feathertail_glider" title="Feathertail glider">feathertail glider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brush-tailed_phascogale" title="Brush-tailed phascogale">brush-tailed phascogale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brown_antechinus" title="Brown antechinus">brown antechinus</a>. Most trees are not able to produce sap if the phloem duct becomes damaged by mechanical processes.<sup id="cite_ref-lee_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oaks">Oaks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Oaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The acorn weevil (<i><a href="/wiki/Curculio_glandium" title="Curculio glandium">Curculio glandium</a></i>) habitually bores into the young <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorns</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak trees</a>. This injury can cause the tree to release a sweet honeydew, thought to attract wasps that can parasitize the weevil within its acorns.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bees</a> sometimes collect this substance, in addition to honeydew from aphids feeding in oak forests, and use it to produce oak <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, an unusual varietal sold by specialist <a href="/wiki/Beekeeper" title="Beekeeper">beekeepers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamarisk">Tamarisk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tamarisk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two <a href="/wiki/Scale_insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale insects">scale insects</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_(peninsula)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai (peninsula)">Sinai</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Trabutina_mannipara" title="Trabutina mannipara">Trabutina mannipara</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Najacoccus_serpentinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Najacoccus serpentinus (page does not exist)">Najacoccus serpentinus</a></i>, feed on <a href="/wiki/Tamarisk_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamarisk tree">Tamarisk trees</a>. They secrete a sugary nectar that turns white when it hardens.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honeydew_honey">Honeydew honey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honeydew honey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kind of <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> made from when bees harvest off the honeydew of sap-eating insects is marked as <b>honeydew honey</b> or <b>forest honey</b>. It is notably darker and more viscous than typical honey. Honeydew honey typically contains more <a href="/wiki/Melezitose" title="Melezitose">melezitose</a>. It is prized in parts of Europe and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lerp_(biology)" title="Lerp (biology)">Lerp (biology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honeydew_sources" title="List of honeydew sources">List of honeydew sources</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honeydew_(secretion)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tropho-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tropho_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tropho_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDelabie2001" class="citation journal cs1">Delabie JH (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ne/v30n4/a01v30n4.pdf">"Trophobiosis Between Formicidae and Hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha): an Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Neotropical Entomology</i>. <b>30</b> (4): 501–516. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00222930150215378">10.1080/00222930150215378</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84918015">84918015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neotropical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Trophobiosis+Between+Formicidae+and+Hemiptera+%28Sternorrhyncha+and+Auchenorrhyncha%29%3A+an+Overview.&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=501-516&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00222930150215378&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84918015%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Delabie&rft.aufirst=JH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fpdf%2Fne%2Fv30n4%2Fa01v30n4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoneydew+%28secretion%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaschwitzDumpertTuck1986" class="citation journal cs1">Maschwitz U, Dumpert K, Tuck KR (1986). "Ants feeding on anal exudate from tortricid larvae: a new type of trophobiosis". <i>Journal of Natural History</i>. <b>20</b> (5): 1041–1050. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JNatH..20.1041M">1986JNatH..20.1041M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00222938600770751">10.1080/00222938600770751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=Ants+feeding+on+anal+exudate+from+tortricid+larvae%3A+a+new+type+of+trophobiosis&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1041-1050&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00222938600770751&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986JNatH..20.1041M&rft.aulast=Maschwitz&rft.aufirst=U&rft.au=Dumpert%2C+K&rft.au=Tuck%2C+KR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoneydew+%28secretion%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaabanSeeburgerSchroederLohaus2020" class="citation journal cs1">Shaaban, Basel; Seeburger, Victoria; Schroeder, Annette; Lohaus, Gertrud (24 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6980476">"Sugar, amino acid and inorganic ion profiling of the honeydew from different hemipteran species feeding on Abies alba and Picea abies"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>15</b> (1): e0228171. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PLoSO..1528171S">2020PLoSO..1528171S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0228171">10.1371/journal.pone.0228171</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6980476">6980476</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31978201">31978201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Sugar%2C+amino+acid+and+inorganic+ion+profiling+of+the+honeydew+from+different+hemipteran+species+feeding+on+Abies+alba+and+Picea+abies&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e0228171&rft.date=2020-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6980476%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31978201&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0228171&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020PLoSO..1528171S&rft.aulast=Shaaban&rft.aufirst=Basel&rft.au=Seeburger%2C+Victoria&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+Annette&rft.au=Lohaus%2C+Gertrud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6980476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoneydew+%28secretion%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElle_Hunt2021" class="citation news cs1">Elle Hunt (26 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/may/26/sex-mad-and-spectacular-17-incredible-facts-about-cicadas">"Sex-mad and spectacular: 17 incredible facts about cicadas"</a>. <i>Guardian US</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian+US&rft.atitle=Sex-mad+and+spectacular%3A+17+incredible+facts+about+cicadas&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.au=Elle+Hunt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Fmay%2F26%2Fsex-mad-and-spectacular-17-incredible-facts-about-cicadas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoneydew+%28secretion%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbsnews-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_DodgeNoel_Brennan2024" class="citation news cs1">John Dodge; Noel Brennan (May 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/cicada-urine-pee-science-discovery-emergence/">"Cicadas pee from trees. And they can urinate a lot, a new study finds"</a>. <i>CBS NEWS</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+NEWS&rft.atitle=Cicadas+pee+from+trees.+And+they+can+urinate+a+lot%2C+a+new+study+finds&rft.date=2024-05-15&rft.au=John+Dodge&rft.au=Noel+Brennan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fchicago%2Fnews%2Fcicada-urine-pee-science-discovery-emergence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoneydew+%28secretion%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lee-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lee_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lee_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1985" class="citation book cs1">Lee AK (1985-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=47-a-3_1aM4C&pg=PA33"><i>Evolutionary Ecology of Marsupials</i></a>. 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Sandhill Crane Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781877743108" title="Special:BookSources/9781877743108"><bdi>9781877743108</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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intestinal microbiota"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>15</b> (4): e0230871. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PLoSO..1530871S">2020PLoSO..1530871S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0230871">10.1371/journal.pone.0230871</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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