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id="toc-Regional_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Regional variations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medieval_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Medieval metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celtic_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.2 Celtic metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celtic_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriental_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriental_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 Oriental metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriental_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas_folk_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas_folk_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 Americas folk metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas_folk_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explosion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explosion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Explosion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explosion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Characteristics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Characteristics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Instruments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Vocals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Lyrics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Folk metal</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Фолк-метал – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фолк-метал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA-%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Фолк-мэтал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фолк-мэтал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Фолк метъл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фолк метъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_Metal" title="Folk Metal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Folk Metal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="فولک متال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فولک متال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%81%AC_%EB%A9%94%ED%83%88" title="포크 메탈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포크 메탈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AF_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Ֆոլկ մետալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆոլկ մետալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0laga%C3%BEungarokk" title="Þjóðlagaþungarokk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðlagaþungarokk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="פולק מטאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולק מטאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ფოლკ-მეტალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფოლკ-მეტალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkmet%C4%81ls" title="Folkmetāls – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Folkmetāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folklorinis_metalas" title="Folklorinis metalas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Folklorinis metalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-metal" title="Folk-metal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Folk-metal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkmetal" title="Folkmetal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Folkmetal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB" title="フォーク・メタル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォーク・メタル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-Metal" title="Folk-Metal – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Folk-Metal" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Фолк-метал – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фолк-метал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowk_metal" title="Fowk metal – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fowk metal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%86%DA%B5%DA%A9_%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="فۆڵک مێتاڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فۆڵک مێتاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Фолк метал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фолк метал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Folk metal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Folk metal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Early 1990s, Europe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">Pagan metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_metal" title="Pirate metal">Pirate metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental metal">Oriental metal</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">medieval metal</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Latin metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_metal_bands" title="List of folk metal bands">list of folk metal bands</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Folk metal is a fusion genre of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal music</a> and traditional <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> that developed in Europe during the 1990s. It is characterised by the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">folk instruments</a> and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example, Dutch <a href="/wiki/Heidevolk" title="Heidevolk">Heidevolk</a>, Danish Sylvatica and Spanish Stone of Erech). It also sometimes features soft instrumentation influenced by <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>. The earliest folk metal bands were <a href="/wiki/Skyclad_(band)" title="Skyclad (band)">Skyclad</a> from England and <a href="/wiki/Cruachan_(band)" title="Cruachan (band)">Cruachan</a> from Ireland. Skyclad's debut album <a href="/wiki/The_Wayward_Sons_of_Mother_Earth" title="The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth">The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth</a> was released in 1991 and would be considered a thrash metal album with some folk influences, unlike Cruachan’s early work which embraced the folk element as a defining part of their sound. It was not until 1994 and 1995 that other early contributors in the genre began to emerge from different regions of Europe and beyond. Among these early groups, the German band <a href="/wiki/Subway_to_Sally" title="Subway to Sally">Subway to Sally</a> spearheaded a different regional variation that over time became known as <a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">medieval metal</a>. Despite their contributions, folk metal remained little known with few representatives during the 1990s. It was not until the early 2000s when the genre exploded into prominence, particularly in Finland with the efforts of such groups as <a href="/wiki/Finntroll" title="Finntroll">Finntroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensiferum" title="Ensiferum">Ensiferum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korpiklaani" title="Korpiklaani">Korpiklaani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turisas" title="Turisas">Turisas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moonsorrow" title="Moonsorrow">Moonsorrow</a>. The music of folk metal is characterised by its diversity with bands known to perform different styles of both heavy metal music and folk music. A large variety of folk instruments are used in the genre with many bands consequently featuring six or more members in their regular line-ups. A few bands are also known to rely on <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboards</a> to simulate the sound of <a href="/wiki/Folk_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk instruments">folk instruments</a>. Lyrics in the genre commonly deal with <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:290px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> It was always my heartfelt dream to see the energy of Metal music mixed with elements from more traditional styles. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Martin Walkyier, former vocalist for Skyclad<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></cite> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyclad_-_The_Widdershins_Jig.ogg" title="File:Skyclad - The Widdershins Jig.ogg">Skyclad's "The Widdershins Jig" (1991)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="23" data-mwtitle="Skyclad_-_The_Widdershins_Jig.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/Skyclad_-_The_Widdershins_Jig.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/a/a1/Skyclad_-_The_Widdershins_Jig.ogg/Skyclad_-_The_Widdershins_Jig.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">This 21 second sample from <a href="/wiki/Skyclad_(band)" title="Skyclad (band)">Skyclad</a>'s debut album <a href="/wiki/The_Wayward_Sons_of_Mother_Earth" title="The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth">The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth</a> is an early instance of folk metal.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> The <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> band <a href="/wiki/Skyclad_(band)" title="Skyclad (band)">Skyclad</a> was formed in 1990 after vocalist <a href="/wiki/Martin_Walkyier" title="Martin Walkyier">Martin Walkyier</a> left his previous band, <a href="/wiki/Sabbat_(English_band)" title="Sabbat (English band)">Sabbat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_Skyclad-2">[2]</a> Skyclad began as a <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> band but added violins from session musician Mike Evans on several tracks from their debut album, The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth,<a href="#cite_note-Metalstorm_Skyclad-3">[3]</a> an effort described by Eduardo Rivadavia of <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> as "ambitious" and "groundbreaking."<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The song "The Widdershins Jig" from the debut album has been acclaimed as "particularly significant" and "a certain first in the realms of Metal".<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Skyclad-5">[5]</a> With a full-time <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddler</a> in their lineup, the band's second album feature a "now legendary folky jig style" and "more prominent inclusion of the fiddle playing lead lines and melodies normally associated with the lead guitar parts of most other rock bands."<a href="#cite_note-Metalstorm_Skyclad-3">[3]</a> Even with the departure of Martin Walkyier in 2001, Skyclad remains an active folk metal group today after nearly two decades since their formation.<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Skyclad-5">[5]</a> In contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> band <a href="/wiki/Moonspell" title="Moonspell">Moonspell</a> had a brief tenure in the genre. Their first release was the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Under_the_Moonspell" title="Under the Moonspell">Under the Moonspell</a> EP with music that featured Lusitanian folk and Medieval influences.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> With the release of their debut album <a href="/wiki/Wolfheart" title="Wolfheart">Wolfheart</a> in the following year, the band made a transition into <a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">gothic metal</a> and within a matter of years "quickly evolved into one of the major players of the European goth-metal scene."<a href="#cite_note-AMG_BE-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruachan_(band)" title="Cruachan (band)">Cruachan</a> were formed in 1992 in Dublin, Ireland. From the outset their intention was to mix the native Irish folk music of their home country with the more extreme side of metal music. Their debut album <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_Na_Gael" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuatha Na Gael">Tuatha Na Gael</a> was released in 1995 and was a full folk metal album from start to finish. In the Italian book “FOLK METAL, Dalle Origini Al Ragnarok”, a comprehensive history of the genre, Author Fabrizio Giosue credits Cruachan as being the very first real Folk Metal band. He acknowledges that Skyclad did have some folk parts in some songs before Cruachan however he goes on to say Cruachan used folk music as much as they used heavy metal music. Cruachan also used arrangements of known folk songs and melodies, Skyclad wrote folk "sounding" parts. Spanish band <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4go_de_Oz" title="Mägo de Oz">Mägo de Oz</a> was among early Folk Metal artists that were influenced by the Celtic folk music. The band introduced folk elements and instruments in their power metal-based music from their 1994 debut album.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Another early developer of folk metal is the <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> group <a href="/wiki/Amorphis" title="Amorphis">Amorphis</a>. They formed in 1990 with their debut album, <a href="/wiki/The_Karelian_Isthmus" title="The Karelian Isthmus">The Karelian Isthmus</a>, following two years later.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Their sophomore effort <a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Thousand_Lakes" title="Tales from the Thousand Lakes">Tales from the Thousand Lakes</a> was released in 1994 with "plenty of fascinating melodies and song structures that drew heavily from the traditional folk music of their native country."<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The album received a favorable reception from fans with "its content quickly being exalted across the Metal underground as perhaps the very pinnacle of atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">Death Metal</a> achievement."<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_variations">Regional variations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regional variations">edit</a>]</div> In the years 1994 and 1995, several distinct variations on folk metal emerged from different regions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Subway_to_Sally_-_Kr%C3%A4henfrass.ogg" title="File:Subway to Sally - Krähenfrass.ogg">Subway to Sally's "Krähenfrass" (1995)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="19" data-mwtitle="Subway_to_Sally_-_Krähenfrass.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ac/Subway_to_Sally_-_Kr%C3%A4henfrass.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/a/ac/Subway_to_Sally_-_Kr%C3%A4henfrass.ogg/Subway_to_Sally_-_Kr%C3%A4henfrass.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">This 18 second sample is an early example of medieval rock from <a href="/wiki/Subway_to_Sally" title="Subway to Sally">Subway to Sally</a>'s second album MCMXCV.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medieval_metal">Medieval metal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval metal">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Subway_To_Sally_(Sundstock_05).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four singers perform in the spotlights on stage. One is a female in shorts, a gauzy beige skirt and a leather belt, and plays the fiddle, The males are wearing black sleeveless shirts, black pants and have military-looking gear. A rock band is in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Subway_To_Sally_%28Sundstock_05%29.jpeg/220px-Subway_To_Sally_%28Sundstock_05%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Subway_To_Sally_%28Sundstock_05%29.jpeg/330px-Subway_To_Sally_%28Sundstock_05%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Subway_To_Sally_%28Sundstock_05%29.jpeg/440px-Subway_To_Sally_%28Sundstock_05%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Subway_to_Sally" title="Subway to Sally">Subway to Sally</a>, seen here performing live at the 2005 Sundstock Openair, has been credited as setting off <a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">medieval metal</a>.</figcaption></figure> The German band <a href="/wiki/Subway_to_Sally" title="Subway to Sally">Subway to Sally</a> was formed in 1992 as a <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> band, singing in English and incorporating Irish and Scottish influences in their music.<a href="#cite_note-Lords_of_Subway-12">[12]</a> With their second album MCMXCV released in 1995, the band adopted a "more traditional approach" and started singing in German.<a href="#cite_note-Lords_of_Subway-12">[12]</a> Taking Skyclad as an influence,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Sally-13">[13]</a> Subway to Sally performs a blend of <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> and heavy metal "enriched with medieval melodies enmeshed in the songs via <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandoline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">shalm</a> [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>], fiddle and <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a>" and combined with "romantic-symbolic German-speaking poetry" in their lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-goth_sally-14">[14]</a> With chart success in their native Germany,<a href="#cite_note-Lords_of_Subway-12">[12]</a> they have since been credited as the band "that set off the wave of what is known as <a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">medieval rock</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Goethe-15">[15]</a> This distinctly German phenomenon<a href="#cite_note-Goethe-15">[15]</a> has been continued and expanded further by subsequent bands. Formed in 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> based <a href="/wiki/In_Extremo" title="In Extremo">In Extremo</a> has also found chart success with their "medieval style stage garb and unashamed usage of such bizarre, sometimes hand made, instruments as the Scottish bagpipes."<a href="#cite_note-Rock_In-16">[16]</a> Another band that has experienced commercial success in Germany is the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> outfit <a href="/wiki/Schandmaul" title="Schandmaul">Schandmaul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Schandmaul-17">[17]</a> Describing themselves as the "minstrels of today,"<a href="#cite_note-Goethe-15">[15]</a> the band employs a musical arsenal that includes the bagpipes, <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>, shawm, violin and mandolin.<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Schandmaul-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Celtic_metal">Celtic metal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Celtic metal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Averill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Head and upper body shot of a male singer, with a shaved head and blackened eyes, performing on stage. He is wearing a double-breasted military overcoat with a large collar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alan_Averill.jpg/220px-Alan_Averill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alan_Averill.jpg/330px-Alan_Averill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Alan_Averill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A.A. Nemtheanga fronts the Irish Celtic black metal act <a href="/wiki/Primordial_(band)" title="Primordial (band)">Primordial</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> band <a href="/wiki/Cruachan_(band)" title="Cruachan (band)">Cruachan</a> was formed in 1992 by guitarist Keith Fay with their first <a href="/wiki/Demo_(music)" title="Demo (music)">demo recording</a> distributed in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Cru-18">[18]</a> Drawing inspiration from Skyclad's first album, Fay set out to combine <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">folk music of Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cru_Imp-19">[19]</a> Their debut album <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_Na_Gael" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuatha Na Gael">Tuatha Na Gael</a> was released in 1995 and the band has since been acclaimed as having "gone the greatest lengths of anyone in their attempts to expand" the genre of folk metal.<a href="#cite_note-Allmusic_Cruachan-20">[20]</a> Cruachan combination of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic music</a> and heavy metal is known today as <a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chad-21">[21]</a> Parallel to Cruachan, the black metal act <a href="/wiki/Primordial_(band)" title="Primordial (band)">Primordial</a> also released a demo recording in 1993 and "found themselves heralded as frontrunners in the burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_black_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-wave black metal">second-wave black metal movement</a>."<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Irish music plays "a very big role" in Primordial but in "a dark and subtle way" through the <a href="/wiki/Chord_(music)" title="Chord (music)">chords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timing_(music)" title="Timing (music)">timings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The band has since "established themselves as one of the most unique sounding bands in the folk-meets-black metal field."<a href="#cite_note-Primordial_live-24">[24]</a> Other early representatives of Celtic metal include the bands <a href="/wiki/Geasa_(band)" title="Geasa (band)">Geasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4go_de_Oz" title="Mägo de Oz">Mägo de Oz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waylander_(band)" title="Waylander (band)">Waylander</a><a href="#cite_note-Chad-21">[21]</a> with both groups releasing a demo recording in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rock_Way-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oriental_metal">Oriental metal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oriental metal">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orphaned_Land_%C3%A0_Meyrin_2019_(46675009015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Orphaned_Land_%C3%A0_Meyrin_2019_%2846675009015%29.jpg/220px-Orphaned_Land_%C3%A0_Meyrin_2019_%2846675009015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Orphaned_Land_%C3%A0_Meyrin_2019_%2846675009015%29.jpg/330px-Orphaned_Land_%C3%A0_Meyrin_2019_%2846675009015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Orphaned_Land_%C3%A0_Meyrin_2019_%2846675009015%29.jpg/440px-Orphaned_Land_%C3%A0_Meyrin_2019_%2846675009015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5280" data-file-height="3520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orphaned_Land" title="Orphaned Land">Orphaned Land</a> is a leading performer of oriental metal.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nine_Treasures_-_WOMEX_15,_2015.10.22_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Nine_Treasures_-_WOMEX_15%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG/220px-Nine_Treasures_-_WOMEX_15%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Nine_Treasures_-_WOMEX_15%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG/330px-Nine_Treasures_-_WOMEX_15%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Nine_Treasures_-_WOMEX_15%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG/440px-Nine_Treasures_-_WOMEX_15%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Nine Treasures performing at WOMEX 15, Budapest</figcaption></figure> The Israeli <a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">progressive metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Orphaned_Land" title="Orphaned Land">Orphaned Land</a> was formed in 1991 and released the demo <a href="/wiki/The_Beloved%27s_Cry" class="mw-redirect" title="The Beloved's Cry">The Beloved's Cry</a> in 1993, "immediately creating a media stir"<a href="#cite_note-Rockdetector_Orphaned-27">[27]</a> that "quickly drew attention to their unorthodox style."<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_Orphaned-28">[28]</a> The music of Orphaned Land "borrow[s] heavily from Middle Eastern music styles"<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_Orphaned-28">[28]</a> with traditional elements coming from both Jewish and Arabic folk music.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Acclaimed as "one of the world's most unique and trailblazing heavy metal bands,"<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_Orphaned-28">[28]</a> Orphaned Land's style of music has since been dubbed oriental metal.<a href="#cite_note-Rockdetector_Orphaned-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melechesh" title="Melechesh">Melechesh</a> formed in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in 1995, becoming "undoubtedly the first overtly anti-Christian band to exist in one of the holiest cities in the world."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Melechesh began as a straightforward <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a> act with their first foray into folk metal occurring on the title track of their 1996 EP <a href="/wiki/The_Siege_of_Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="The Siege of Lachish">The Siege of Lachish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McKay-31">[31]</a> Their subsequent albums saw the group straddling the boundaries between black, death, and thrash metal, with "impressive, tastefully rendered epics chock-full of superb riffs, Middle Eastern melodies, and vocal exchanges varying from a throaty midrange screech to chanting."<a href="#cite_note-Djinn-32">[32]</a> Other oriental metal acts emerged thereafter with the band <a href="/wiki/Distorted_(band)" title="Distorted (band)">Distorted</a> emerging in 1996 as the first female-fronted metal act from Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Distorted-33">[33]</a> Additional oriental metal bands emerged form the Middle East in the 2000s, such as <a href="/wiki/Myrath" title="Myrath">Myrath</a> from Tunisia, who mix Middle Eastern and Arabic melodies with power metal and progressive rock.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The Kordz from Lebanon combine Middle Eastern instrumentation with politicized lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Lazywall from Morocco<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and Andaz Uzzal<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> from Algeria combine that region's traditional music forms with heavy metal. Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Massive_Scar_Era" title="Massive Scar Era">Massive Scar Era</a> includes several female members, who have reported harassment due to their participation in heavy metal music.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Americas_folk_metal">Americas folk metal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Americas folk metal">edit</a>]</div> In the Americas there are many bands that mix metal subgenres with different <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> traditional folk music. Bands from <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> include <a href="/wiki/Blackbraid" title="Blackbraid">Blackbraid</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Amerikan_Native_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-Amerikan Native Front (page does not exist)">Pan-Amerikan Native Front</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ifernach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ifernach (page does not exist)">Ifernach</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volahn (page does not exist)">Volahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma%C8%9Fp%C3%ADya_L%C3%BAta" class="mw-redirect" title="Maȟpíya Lúta">Maȟpíya Lúta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Iisn%C3%A1%C3%A1h%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Iisnááhí (page does not exist)">'Iisnááhí</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%ACkche%C4%83ns%C4%83l%C3%A2wit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŭkcheănsălâwit (page does not exist)">Ŭkcheănsălâwit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Hummingbird_on_the_Left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Hummingbird on the Left (page does not exist)">Blue Hummingbird on the Left</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maquahuitl" class="mw-redirect" title="Maquahuitl">Maquahuitl</a>, all of them varying topics between <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a>], <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahua">Nahua</a>, among others Native American tribes. Bands from Mexico that mix metal with <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican">Mesoamerican</a> instruments include <a href="/wiki/Mictlan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mictlan">Mictlan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemican&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemican (page does not exist)">Cemican</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaotl_Mictlan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaotl Mictlan (page does not exist)">Yaotl Mictlan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amocualli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amocualli (page does not exist)">Amocualli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miquian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miquian (page does not exist)">Miquian</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Camaxtli_Yoxippa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camaxtli Yoxippa (page does not exist)">Camaxtli Yoxippa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalaveraztekah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalaveraztekah (page does not exist)">Kalaveraztekah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xipe_Totec" title="Xipe Totec">Xipe Totec</a>. Bands like <a href="/w/index.php?title=DelDesierto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DelDesierto (page does not exist)">DelDesierto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aztlan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztlan">Aztlan</a> also blend metal and Mesoamerican folk with folk music from modern Mexico such as <a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">mariachi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">son huasteco</a>. Regarding South America, Peruvian bands such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hammelin (page does not exist)">Hammelin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaska_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaska (band) (page does not exist)">Chaska</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apu_Rumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apu Rumi (page does not exist)">Apu Rumi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yana_Raymi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yana Raymi (page does not exist)">Yana Raymi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yawarhiem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yawarhiem (page does not exist)">Yawarhiem</a>, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guahaihoque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guahaihoque (page does not exist)">Guahaihoque</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indoraza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indoraza (page does not exist)">Indoraza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aztra (page does not exist)">Aztra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnosis_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnosis (band) (page does not exist)">Gnosis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ThunDarkma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ThunDarkma (page does not exist)">ThunDarkma</a>, and the Brazilians <a href="/wiki/Tierramystica" title="Tierramystica">Tierramystica</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toccata_Magna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toccata Magna (page does not exist)">Toccata Magna</a> combine Metal with <a href="/wiki/Andean_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean folk">Andean folk</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Folkheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folkheim (page does not exist)">Folkheim</a> from Chile also adds elements from <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapa Nui">Rapa Nui</a> folk, and Arraigo from Argentina blends <a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">progressive metal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tango" title="Tango">tango</a>. Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Arandu_Arakuaa" title="Arandu Arakuaa">Arandu Arakuaa</a> combines <a href="/wiki/Groove_metal" title="Groove metal">groove metal</a> with Brazilian Native American tribals. Additionally, Peruvian band <a href="/wiki/Saloma" title="Saloma">Saloma</a> which is a pirate-themed band that blends folk metal with elements of power metal and symphonic metal, doesn't use local folk in their music.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> From the middle of the 1990s, other bands gradually emerged to combine heavy metal with folk music. <a href="/wiki/Storm_(Norwegian_band)" title="Storm (Norwegian band)">Storm</a> was a short lived <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> supergroup with <a href="/wiki/Fenriz" title="Fenriz">Fenriz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Wongraven" title="Sigurd Wongraven">Satyr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kari_Ruesl%C3%A5tten" title="Kari Rueslåtten">Kari Rueslåtten</a> from the black metal groups <a href="/wiki/Darkthrone" title="Darkthrone">Darkthrone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satyricon_(band)" title="Satyricon (band)">Satyricon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">doom metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/The_3rd_and_the_Mortal" class="mw-redirect" title="The 3rd and the Mortal">The 3rd and the Mortal</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Their only album <a href="/wiki/Nordavind" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordavind">Nordavind</a> was released in 1995 with the use of keyboards to imitate the sound of folk instruments.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The Germans <a href="/wiki/Empyrium" title="Empyrium">Empyrium</a> also relied on synthesizers and guitars to deliver their "dark folklore" black metal music with the release of their 1996 debut album <a href="/wiki/A_Wintersunset..." title="A Wintersunset...">A Wintersunset...</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The year 1996 also saw the debut album of the "one-man black metal project of multi-instrumentalist Vratyas Vakyas" from Germany known as <a href="/wiki/Falkenbach" title="Falkenbach">Falkenbach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AMG_Falkenbach-44">[44]</a> Even though Falkenbach was formed as early as 1989, the band didn't get much attention until the debut, that includes epic music that is "rife with keyboards, Viking themes, and folk music tendencies," Falkenbach was effectively a merge of <a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a> with folk metal.<a href="#cite_note-AMG_Falkenbach-44">[44]</a> They were joined in the next two years by other bands combining the two genres including <a href="/wiki/Windir" title="Windir">Windir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Windir-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5negarm" title="Månegarm">Månegarm</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thyrfing" title="Thyrfing">Thyrfing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vansin-47">[47]</a> Predating most folk metal groups, the Spanish band <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4go_de_Oz" title="Mägo de Oz">Mägo de Oz</a> was formed as far back as 1989 with a self-titled <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4go_de_Oz_(album)" title="Mägo de Oz (album)">debut album</a>, released in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-A_Costa-48">[48]</a> With nine members in their lineup, including a violinist and flutist, the band has evolved over the years into a combination of <a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a> and Celtic flavored folk metal.<a href="#cite_note-A_Costa-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-49">[49]</a> They have experienced strong chart success in their native Spain as well as in South America<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Mago-50">[50]</a> and Mexico. <a href="/wiki/Slough_Feg" title="Slough Feg">Slough Feg</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, United States also had an early formation dating back to 1990.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Their self-titled debut album was released in 1996 and the band has pursued a "unique style of combining traditional/power metal with folk metal."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech</a> band <a href="/wiki/Silent_Stream_of_Godless_Elegy" title="Silent Stream of Godless Elegy">Silent Stream of Godless Elegy</a> had formed in 1995 as a <a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">doom metal</a> band "laced with Pagan imagery and adventurous enough to include violins and cellos alongside the expected modern day arsenal."<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Silent-53">[53]</a> With the release of their second album <a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Shadows" title="Behind the Shadows">Behind the Shadows</a> in 1998, the band began to use "folklore influences" in their music.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explosion">Explosion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Explosion">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">During the nineties and even at the end of the nineties, there were very few bands. We had Waylander from Ireland. And one or two in Europe, but it was very rare to get a real folk metal band. Nowadays it is a bit of an explosion all over the place. - Keith Fay of Cruachan in 2006<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Finntroll-slaget_vid_blodsalv.ogg" title="File:Finntroll-slaget vid blodsalv.ogg">Finntroll's "Slaget vid Blodsälv" (2001)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="Finntroll-slaget_vid_blodsalv.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/Finntroll-slaget_vid_blodsalv.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/4/49/Finntroll-slaget_vid_blodsalv.ogg/Finntroll-slaget_vid_blodsalv.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The use of <a href="/wiki/Humppa" title="Humppa">humppa</a> rhythms and <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboards</a> are evident in this 20 second sample from <a href="/wiki/Finntroll" title="Finntroll">Finntroll</a>'s second album <a href="/wiki/Jaktens_tid" title="Jaktens tid">Jaktens tid</a>.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Korpiklaani_-_Wooden_Pints.ogg" title="File:Korpiklaani - Wooden Pints.ogg">Korpiklaani's "Wooden Pints" (2003)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="Korpiklaani_-_Wooden_Pints.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/01/Korpiklaani_-_Wooden_Pints.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/0/01/Korpiklaani_-_Wooden_Pints.ogg/Korpiklaani_-_Wooden_Pints.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">This 21 second sample from <a href="/wiki/Korpiklaani" title="Korpiklaani">Korpiklaani</a>'s first album <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Forest" title="Spirit of the Forest">Spirit of the Forest</a> features the prominent use of <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a>.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkandji_-_Diavolska_shterka.ogg" title="File:Balkandji - Diavolska shterka.ogg">Balkandji's "Diavolska shterka" (2001)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="243" data-mwtitle="Balkandji_-_Diavolska_shterka.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Balkandji_-_Diavolska_shterka.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Balkandji_-_Diavolska_shterka.ogg/Balkandji_-_Diavolska_shterka.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">A longer example of folk metal from <a href="/wiki/Balkandji" title="Balkandji">Balkandji</a>'s first album <a href="/wiki/Probuzhdane" title="Probuzhdane">Probuzhdane</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masters_of_Rock_2007_-_Finntroll_-_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four long haired musicians perform on a small stage in the spotlight, long hair swinging. The singer, wearing a black leather floor-length skirt, and the bass guitar player are bare chested with black leather wrist bands. The two other guitar players are in sleeveless black shirts, one with knee-length jeans and the other with black wrist band. Amplifiers crowd the stage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Masters_of_Rock_2007_-_Finntroll_-_07.jpg/220px-Masters_of_Rock_2007_-_Finntroll_-_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Masters_of_Rock_2007_-_Finntroll_-_07.jpg/330px-Masters_of_Rock_2007_-_Finntroll_-_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Masters_of_Rock_2007_-_Finntroll_-_07.jpg/440px-Masters_of_Rock_2007_-_Finntroll_-_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1868" data-file-height="1508" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Finntroll" title="Finntroll">Finntroll</a> is a prominent folk metal band with a specific interest in <a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">trolls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humppa" title="Humppa">humppa</a>.</figcaption></figure> The folk metal genre has dramatically expanded with the turn of the new millennium. At the forefront of this explosion, with a "revolutionary clash of tradition and amplification that set them apart", is a group from <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Finntroll" title="Finntroll">Finntroll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trolls_detect_rock-56">[56]</a> The band was formed in 1997 with a demo recorded the following year and a debut album <a href="/wiki/Midnattens_widunder" title="Midnattens widunder">Midnattens widunder</a> released in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-Trolls_Are_My_Gods-57">[57]</a> They have since developed a reputation for being "obsessed with all things <a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">trollish</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Trolls_in_NYTimes-58">[58]</a> Their lyrics are sung exclusively in <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> instead of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish language</a> "apparently because this language was better to evoke the trollish spirit",<a href="#cite_note-Trolls_detect_rock-56">[56]</a> even though the real reason for this lies in the band's original vocalist belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Swedish-speaking_Finns" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish-speaking Finns">Swedish-speaking minority</a>. The music of Finntroll features a "real innovation" in the marriage of black metal music with a style of Finnish <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a> called <a href="/wiki/Humppa" title="Humppa">humppa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trolls_in_NYTimes-58">[58]</a> Specifically, the band took from humppa "the alternate picking bass lines accompanied with the drumbeat, and the use of accordion."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> This unlikely mix of polka and extreme metal has received a mixed reception from critics. Andy Hinds of AllMusic laments the polka influence as undermining "the intended threat of a death metal band"<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> while his colleague Alex Henderson praises the band for their "solid, consistently likable effort," declaring that Finntroll has set themselves apart from their peers "because of their emphasis on Finnish humppa" and "the humor and irony they bring to the table."<a href="#cite_note-Alex-61">[61]</a> Finntroll's second album <a href="/wiki/Jaktens_tid" title="Jaktens tid">Jaktens tid</a> was released in 2001 and became a chart success in their native Finland.<a href="#cite_note-jaktenstidcharts-62">[62]</a> Some of the songs on the album feature vocals performed by <a href="/wiki/Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonne Järvelä">Jonne Järvelä</a> of <a href="/wiki/Korpiklaani" title="Korpiklaani">Korpiklaani</a>, another band from Finland.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Korp-63">[63]</a> While other folk metal bands began with metal before adding folk music, Korpiklaani started with folk music before turning metal.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The roots of Korpiklaani can be traced back to a <a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Sami</a> folk music group under the name of Shamaani Duo,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> an "in house restaurant band" created in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> An album of folk music was released under this name before Jonne Järvelä relocated and formed a new band, <a href="/wiki/Shaman_(Finnish_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman (Finnish band)">Shaman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Voice_of_Ramos-67">[67]</a> The folk metal act Shaman was based on the folk music of Shamaani Duo.<a href="#cite_note-High_Korpi-68">[68]</a> Two albums were released in 1999 and 2001 before Shaman changed their name to Korpiklaani.<a href="#cite_note-Voice_of_Ramos-67">[67]</a> The change in name was accompanied by a change in the music. The traditional yoik vocals and the use of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a> language were dropped while the synthesizer was replaced with real folk instruments.<a href="#cite_note-Yoik-69">[69]</a> Jonne Järvelä credits his work with Finntroll as the catalyst for the shift in emphasis from folk to metal.<a href="#cite_note-Tartare_Korpi-70">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metalmania_2007_-_Korpiklaani_-_Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Long-haired man in beige shirt with wide sleeves and a brown leather vest and pants, plays the electric guitar on stage and sings. There is a large pair of felt antlers pinned to the microphone." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Metalmania_2007_-_Korpiklaani_-_Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4_04.jpg/220px-Metalmania_2007_-_Korpiklaani_-_Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Metalmania_2007_-_Korpiklaani_-_Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4_04.jpg/330px-Metalmania_2007_-_Korpiklaani_-_Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Metalmania_2007_-_Korpiklaani_-_Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4_04.jpg/440px-Metalmania_2007_-_Korpiklaani_-_Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonne Järvelä">Jonne Järvelä</a> of <a href="/wiki/Korpiklaani" title="Korpiklaani">Korpiklaani</a> played acoustic folk music for five years before turning his attention to folk metal.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></figcaption></figure> While Korpiklaani used an assortment of traditional instruments to deliver their folk metal,<a href="#cite_note-High_Korpi-68">[68]</a> Finntroll relies on keyboards for Finnish folk melodies played in the humppa style.<a href="#cite_note-Trolls_Are_My_Gods-57">[57]</a> The keyboards in Finntroll are performed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Sorvali" title="Henri Sorvali">Henri Sorvali</a> who also performs in <a href="/wiki/Moonsorrow" title="Moonsorrow">Moonsorrow</a>, another folk metal band from Finland that he formed with his cousin <a href="/wiki/Ville_Sorvali" title="Ville Sorvali">Ville Sorvali</a> in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> They released two demos, the first in 1997 and another in 1999, before the 2001 debut album <a href="/wiki/Suden_Uni" class="mw-redirect" title="Suden Uni">Suden Uni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Moonsorrow blends folk metal with Viking metal by incorporating "Finland's traditional folk music forms into elaborate symphonic arrangements typical of Viking metal outfits such as <a href="/wiki/Bathory_(band)" title="Bathory (band)">Bathory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enslaved_(band)" title="Enslaved (band)">Enslaved</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Suden-74">[74]</a> The adoption of folk elements was "becoming all the rage" in Finland by this point<a href="#cite_note-AMG_Cadacross-75">[75]</a> and other folk metal bands from Finland that began to emerge in the early 2000s included <a href="/wiki/Cadacross" title="Cadacross">Cadacross</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AMG_Cadacross-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ensiferum" title="Ensiferum">Ensiferum</a><a href="#cite_note-AMG_Ensiferum-76">[76]</a> and later on <a href="/wiki/Turisas" title="Turisas">Turisas</a><a href="#cite_note-AMG_Turi-77">[77]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wintersun" title="Wintersun">Wintersun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Ensiferum notably found themselves at the top of the Finnish charts with their 2007 single "<a href="/wiki/One_More_Magic_Potion" class="mw-redirect" title="One More Magic Potion">One More Magic Potion</a>".<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Finntroll, Korpiklaani, Moonsorrow and Turisas have all experienced chart success in their native Finland as well.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> There are also folk metal acts from the other nordic countries. <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Icelandic</a> group <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1lm%C3%B6ld" title="Skálmöld">Skálmöld</a> is a notable example. The Norwegian act <a href="/wiki/Glittertind_(band)" title="Glittertind (band)">Glittertind</a> was A-listed and played with the highest playing frequency on Norway's most popular radio channel <a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK P1</a> with the song "Kvilelaus" (eng. Restless)"<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> and performed the song on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lindmo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lindmo (page does not exist)">Lindmo</a> when they released their first full-length as a full band.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Other Norwegian acts include the aforementioned Storm and Windir as well as more recent groups such as <a href="/wiki/Kampfar" title="Kampfar">Kampfar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lumsk" title="Lumsk">Lumsk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Lumsk-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81smegin" title="Ásmegin">Ásmegin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trollfest" title="Trollfest">Trollfest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Bands from Sweden include the aforementioned Thyrfing and Månegarm along with other acts such as <a href="/wiki/Otyg" title="Otyg">Otyg</a><a href="#cite_note-RD_Otyg-86">[86]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vintersorg" title="Vintersorg">Vintersorg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharpe-YoungGlittertind-88">[88]</a> Folk metal bands from Denmark include <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(band)" title="Wuthering Heights (band)">Wuthering Heights</a>,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Svartsot" title="Svartsot">Svartsot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Huldre_(band)" title="Huldre (band)">Huldre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islanders</a> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr_(band)" title="Týr (band)">Týr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Outside Scandinavia, other European nations have contributed to the growing genre. Groups from the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Metsat%C3%B6ll" title="Metsatöll">Metsatöll</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Met-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Raud-Ants" title="Raud-Ants">Raud-Ants</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Skyforger" title="Skyforger">Skyforger</a><a href="#cite_note-Chadforger-94">[94]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Varang_Nord" title="Varang Nord">Varang Nord</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> while representatives from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> include <a href="/wiki/Alkonost_(band)" title="Alkonost (band)">Alkonost</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arkona_(band)" title="Arkona (band)">Arkona</a><a href="#cite_note-Arkona-97">[97]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butterfly_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butterfly Temple (page does not exist)">Butterfly Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> More isolated examples across Europe include <a href="/wiki/Dimmi_Argus" title="Dimmi Argus">Dimmi Argus</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balkandji" title="Balkandji">Balkandji</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>,<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Equilibrium_(band)" title="Equilibrium (band)">Equilibrium</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finsterforst" title="Finsterforst">Finsterforst</a> from Germany, <a href="/wiki/Dalriada_(band)" title="Dalriada (band)">Dalriada</a> from Hungary, <a href="/wiki/Ithilien_(band)" title="Ithilien (band)">Ithilien</a> from Belgium,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Cruadalach from the Czech Republic, Litvintroll from Belarus, Nightcreepers from France, Zaria from Slovenia, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4go_de_Oz" title="Mägo de Oz">Mägo de Oz</a> and Saurom from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvenking_(band)" title="Elvenking (band)">Elvenking</a> from <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><a href="#cite_note-Rock_King-103">[103]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eluveitie" title="Eluveitie">Eluveitie</a> from <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Elu-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Folkearth" title="Folkearth">Folkearth</a> is an international folk metal project with members from several different European countries. At its inception, the project consisted of 14 musicians from separate backgrounds in folk and metal music.<a href="#cite_note-Nordic-105">[105]</a> With their second album <a href="/wiki/By_the_Sword_of_My_Father" title="By the Sword of My Father">By the Sword of My Father</a> released in 2006, the project boasted the participation of 31 musicians.<a href="#cite_note-folkearthg-106">[106]</a> Beyond the European continent, folk metal is relatively rare with only a few known acts including the aforementioned The Lord Weird Slough Feg and their fellow Americans <a href="/wiki/Agalloch" title="Agalloch">Agalloch</a>. The latter's music "made for a stark geographical anomaly, since its eclectic, avant-garde folk-metal was the sort of thing one would expect to emerge from Scandinavia -- not <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>."<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_de_Danann_(band)" title="Tuatha de Danann (band)">Tuatha de Danann</a> is another geographical anomaly with their Celtic metal from <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Danann-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyr_in_Hamburg_0224.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tyr_in_Hamburg_0224.JPG/220px-Tyr_in_Hamburg_0224.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tyr_in_Hamburg_0224.JPG/330px-Tyr_in_Hamburg_0224.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tyr_in_Hamburg_0224.JPG/440px-Tyr_in_Hamburg_0224.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2223" data-file-height="1647" /></a><figcaption>With influences that include <a href="/wiki/Dream_Theater" title="Dream Theater">Dream Theater</a>, the Faroe Islanders <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr_(band)" title="Týr (band)">Týr</a> blend <a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">progressive metal</a> with folk music.<a href="#cite_note-Lords_of_Tyr-109">[109]</a></figcaption></figure> The music of folk metal is a diverse collection with bands pursuing different subgenres of heavy metal music. While bands like Primordial and Finntroll perform black metal, other groups such as <a href="/wiki/Slough_Feg" title="Slough Feg">The Lord Weird Slough Feg</a> ply their trade with a more traditional or power metal base. The German-Norwegian group <a href="/wiki/Midnattsol" title="Midnattsol">Midnattsol</a> blends the genre with <a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">gothic metal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Mid-110">[110]</a> Progressive tendencies can be found among some bands including <a href="/wiki/Elvenking_(band)" title="Elvenking (band)">Elvenking</a>,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lumsk" title="Lumsk">Lumsk</a><a href="#cite_note-Rock_Lumsk-84">[84]</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr_(band)" title="Týr (band)">Týr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Some bands are known to adopt more than one different styles of heavy metal. Orphaned Land combines folk metal with progressive and <a href="/wiki/Death/doom" class="mw-redirect" title="Death/doom">doom/death</a> metal. The band formed in 1991, also combining Jewish, Arabic, and other West Asian influences<a href="#cite_note-Rockdetector_Orphaned-27">[27]</a> while Ensiferum mix folk music on top of a power and death metal hybrid.<a href="#cite_note-AMG_Ensiferum-76">[76]</a> A few groups are also known to incorporate the styles of other music genres outside of heavy metal. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> in the music of Glittertind<a href="#cite_note-Sharpe-YoungGlittertind-88">[88]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">post-rock</a> tendencies of <a href="/wiki/Agalloch" title="Agalloch">Agalloch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mago_de_Oz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mago de Oz in 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mago_de_Oz.jpg/220px-Mago_de_Oz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mago_de_Oz.jpg/330px-Mago_de_Oz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mago_de_Oz.jpg/440px-Mago_de_Oz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mago_de_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Mago de Oz">Mago de Oz</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> The folk elements in the genre often reflect the ethnic background of the musicians as is the case for the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Finns" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic Finns">Finnic</a> folk music in Finntroll,<a href="#cite_note-Trolls_in_NYTimes-58">[58]</a> Korpiklaani,<a href="#cite_note-Voice_of_Ramos-67">[67]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metsat%C3%B6ll" title="Metsatöll">Metsatöll</a>,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> the Baltic folk music in <a href="/wiki/Skyforger" title="Skyforger">Skyforger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Chadforger-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> influences such as <a href="/wiki/Chthonic_(band)" title="Chthonic (band)">Chthonic</a>'s use of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwanese</a> folk music<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tengger_Cavalry" title="Tengger Cavalry">Tengger Cavalry</a>'s incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_throat_singing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian throat singing">Mongolian throat singing</a>,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> or the Middle Eastern background of <a href="/wiki/Orphaned_Land" title="Orphaned Land">Orphaned Land</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_Orphaned-28">[28]</a> However, some bands defy the geographical and ethnical background, like <a href="/wiki/Ymyrgar" title="Ymyrgar">Ymyrgar</a>, who hail from Tunisia but chose to focus on Norse mythology.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Celtic music can be found among such Irish groups as Cruachan and Waylander<a href="#cite_note-Chad-21">[21]</a> as well as bands outside Ireland like Ithilien from Belgium, Eluveitie<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> (although Switzerland can be considered a country with a Celtic history), and Tuatha de Danann (from Brazil, a country that has no cultural ties with the Celts whatsoever, despite the similarity of the country's name to <a href="/wiki/Brazil_(mythical_island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil (mythical island)">an island in Irish myth</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Danann-108">[108]</a> Folk music from multiple regions are employed by some groups like Elvenking,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Ithilien<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> and Ensiferum.<a href="#cite_note-Victory-121">[121]</a> The genre also offers a variety of atmosphere and moods. A fun and cheerful nature is characteristic of groups like Finntroll<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> and Korpiklaani.<a href="#cite_note-Farso-123">[123]</a> Both bands are also noted for playing music that one can dance to.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In contrast, other acts such as Thyrfing and Primordial are known for their contemplative atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-Farso-123">[123]</a> Lumsk offers a more mellow style<a href="#cite_note-Asmund-125">[125]</a> while Agalloch are known for their "depressive ambient" sound.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> An epic atmosphere is characteristic of some folk metal bands like Primordial,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Moonsorrow,<a href="#cite_note-Viides-128">[128]</a> Turisas<a href="#cite_note-Varangian-129">[129]</a> and the music project Folkearth.<a href="#cite_note-Nordic-105">[105]</a> Groups like Ensiferum and <a href="/wiki/Wintersun" title="Wintersun">Wintersun</a> are known to have a melodious side<a href="#cite_note-Victory-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wintersun-130">[130]</a> while bands that favor a more blistering or brutal approach can be found in groups like Finntroll<a href="#cite_note-Nattfodd-131">[131]</a> and Månegarm.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Instruments">Instruments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Instruments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eluveitie_Cernunnos_Fest_161207_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Eluveitie_Cernunnos_Fest_161207_01.jpg/220px-Eluveitie_Cernunnos_Fest_161207_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Eluveitie_Cernunnos_Fest_161207_01.jpg/330px-Eluveitie_Cernunnos_Fest_161207_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Eluveitie_Cernunnos_Fest_161207_01.jpg/440px-Eluveitie_Cernunnos_Fest_161207_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1382" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eluveitie" title="Eluveitie">Eluveitie</a> are seen here performing at the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Cernunnos" title="Cernunnos">Cernunnos</a> Fest in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France, with a <a href="/wiki/Mandola" title="Mandola">mandola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle">tin whistle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>.</figcaption></figure> Folk metal feature the same typical instruments found in heavy metal music: guitars, bass, drums and vocalist. While a few folk metal groups like Tharaphita discard "any notion of utilising folk instrumentation" and "rely solely on traditional metal instruments,"<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> bands in the genre generally rely on folk instruments that range from the common to the exotic.<a href="#cite_note-Bowar2-134">[134]</a> Numerous folk metal acts include a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violinist</a> in their line up. This includes Skyclad,<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Skyclad-5">[5]</a> Subway to Sally,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Sally-13">[13]</a> Schandmaul,<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Schandmaul-17">[17]</a> Mägo de Oz,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Mago-50">[50]</a> Ithilien, Silent Stream of Godless Elegy,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Silent-53">[53]</a> Korpiklaani,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Korp-63">[63]</a> Lumsk,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Lumsk-84">[84]</a> Elvenking,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_King-103">[103]</a> Eluveitie<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Elu-104">[104]</a> and Tuatha de Danann.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Tua-135">[135]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle">tin whistle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a> can be found in such Celtic metal bands as Cruachan,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Cru-18">[18]</a> Waylander,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Way-26">[26]</a> Ithilien and Eluveitie.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Elu-104">[104]</a> The flute can also be found in other bands such as Metsatöll,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Met-92">[92]</a> Schandmaul<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Schandmaul-17">[17]</a> and Morgenstern.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Morg-136">[136]</a> Medieval bagpipes are used in bands like Folkstone and In Extremo. Some bands are also known to highlight more exotic instruments from their ethnic background or country, including <a href="/wiki/Skyforger" title="Skyforger">Skyforger</a>'s use of the Latvian <a href="/wiki/Kokles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokles">kokles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metsat%C3%B6ll" title="Metsatöll">Metsatöll</a>'s use of the Estonian <a href="/wiki/Torupill" title="Torupill">torupill</a>,<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Korpiklaani's use of the Finnish <a href="/wiki/Kantele" title="Kantele">kantele</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Tartare_Korpi-70">[70]</a> Eluveitie and <a href="/wiki/Ithilien_(band)" title="Ithilien (band)">Ithilien</a>'s use of the <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Elu-104">[104]</a> and Orphaned Land's use of the <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">oud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baglama" class="mw-redirect" title="Baglama">saz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In the absence of folk instruments, other bands in the genre resort to using <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboards</a> to replicate the sound of folk instruments. This includes the aforementioned Storm, Empyrium and Finntroll as well as other acts like Midnattsol.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Mid-110">[110]</a> Bands that supplement a folk instrument like the violin with keyboards include Skyclad,<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_Skyclad-2">[2]</a> Mägo de Oz,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Mago-50">[50]</a> and Tuatha de Danann.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Tua-135">[135]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyforger_16127_Cernunnos_Fest_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Skyforger_16127_Cernunnos_Fest_11.jpg/220px-Skyforger_16127_Cernunnos_Fest_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Skyforger_16127_Cernunnos_Fest_11.jpg/330px-Skyforger_16127_Cernunnos_Fest_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Skyforger_16127_Cernunnos_Fest_11.jpg/440px-Skyforger_16127_Cernunnos_Fest_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skyforger" title="Skyforger">Skyforger</a>, seen here performing with bagpipes at the 2007 Cernunnos Fest in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France, initially mostly relied on a guest musician to perform folk instruments before inviting him to be a fully fledged member of the band.<a href="#cite_note-Modern_Sky-140">[140]</a></figcaption></figure> The large number of instruments that some bands rely on in recording their studio albums can be a hindrance for live performances. While Orphaned Land are able to perform onstage with twenty musicians in their homeland of Israel, they have to rely on a computer to replicate the roles of the guest musicians for concerts elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-Candyland-141">[141]</a> Some folk metal acts confine themselves to studio recordings and are not known to perform any live concerts. This includes Folkearth,<a href="#cite_note-folkearthg-106">[106]</a> and Falkenbach.<a href="#cite_note-Dead_Falken-142">[142]</a> Other folk metal bands expand their regular roster to include more musicians and consequently, it is not uncommon to find bands in the genre featuring six or more members in their line-up. Some of the sextets in the genre are Schandmaul,<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Schandmaul-17">[17]</a> Cruachan,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Cru-18">[18]</a> Korpiklaani,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Korp-63">[63]</a> Turisas,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Turisas-143">[143]</a> and Midnattsol,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Mid-110">[110]</a> while septets include <a href="/wiki/Ithilien_(band)" title="Ithilien (band)">Ithilien</a>, Subway to Sally,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Sally-13">[13]</a> In Extremo,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_In-16">[16]</a> and Lumsk.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Lumsk-84">[84]</a> Both Silent Stream of Godless Elegy<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Silent-53">[53]</a> and Eluveitie<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Elu-104">[104]</a> boast eight members each while the line up of Mägo de Oz totals nine performers.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Mago-50">[50]</a> Even when a band includes members dedicated to folk instruments, they might still rely on guest musicians to further enhance their sound. As an example, Lumsk added thirteen guest musicians to the band's seven members on their debut album <a href="/wiki/%C3%85smund_Fr%C3%A6gdegjevar_(album)" title="Åsmund Frægdegjevar (album)">Åsmund Frægdegjevar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> At times, guest musicians are known to become full-fledged members of the band, as was the case in Skyforger<a href="#cite_note-Modern_Sky-140">[140]</a> and Turisas.<a href="#cite_note-AMG_Turi-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocals">Vocals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Vocals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaman_-_Il_Lea_Voibmi.ogg" title="File:Shaman - Il Lea Voibmi.ogg">Shaman's "Il Lea Voibmi" (2002)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="21" data-mwtitle="Shaman_-_Il_Lea_Voibmi.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/61/Shaman_-_Il_Lea_Voibmi.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/6/61/Shaman_-_Il_Lea_Voibmi.ogg/Shaman_-_Il_Lea_Voibmi.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Regular heavy metal singing is followed by traditional <a href="/wiki/Yoik" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoik">yoik</a> vocals in this 21 second sample from <a href="/wiki/Shaman_(Finnish_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman (Finnish band)">Shaman</a>'s second album <a href="/wiki/Sham%C3%A1niac" title="Shamániac">Shamániac</a>.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Orphaned_Land_-_The_Kiss_Of_Babylon_(The_Sins).ogg" title="File:Orphaned Land - The Kiss Of Babylon (The Sins).ogg">Orphaned Land's "The Kiss Of Babylon (The Sins)" (2004)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Orphaned_Land_-_The_Kiss_Of_Babylon_(The_Sins).ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/20/Orphaned_Land_-_The_Kiss_Of_Babylon_%28The_Sins%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/2/20/Orphaned_Land_-_The_Kiss_Of_Babylon_%28The_Sins%29.ogg/Orphaned_Land_-_The_Kiss_Of_Babylon_%28The_Sins%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Jewish singing</a> performed by <a href="/wiki/Shlomit_Levi" title="Shlomit Levi">Shlomit Levi</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/Kobi_Farhi" title="Kobi Farhi">Kobi Farhi</a> in this 30 second sample from <a href="/wiki/Orphaned_Land" title="Orphaned Land">Orphaned Land</a>'s third album <a href="/wiki/Mabool" title="Mabool">Mabool</a>.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Khepri_The_Fangs_of_Apep_oriental_metal_vocals.ogg" title="File:Khepri The Fangs of Apep oriental metal vocals.ogg">Khepri's "The Fangs of Apep" (2019)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="15" data-mwtitle="Khepri_The_Fangs_of_Apep_oriental_metal_vocals.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1b/Khepri_The_Fangs_of_Apep_oriental_metal_vocals.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/1/1b/Khepri_The_Fangs_of_Apep_oriental_metal_vocals.ogg/Khepri_The_Fangs_of_Apep_oriental_metal_vocals.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">An example of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music" title="Middle Eastern music">middle eastern vocals</a> often heard in oriental metal in this 15 second sample from "BellyMetal 2" by Khepri, an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a>-themed instrumental oriental metal act from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> The diverse range of music styles and instruments is matched by a variety of vocal styles in the genre. From the "spine-chilling <a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">death shrieks</a>" in Finntroll<a href="#cite_note-Nattfodd-131">[131]</a> to the black metal rasps of Skyforger<a href="#cite_note-Chadforger-94">[94]</a> or Moonsorrow,<a href="#cite_note-Viides-128">[128]</a> there is no shortage of extreme vocals in folk metal. Other bands to feature extreme vocals include Cadacross,<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Ensiferum,<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ithilien_(band)" title="Ithilien (band)">Ithilien</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equilibrium_(band)" title="Equilibrium (band)">Equilibrium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fratyr-148">[148]</a> In contrast, bands like Mägo de Oz<a href="#cite_note-Gaia-49">[49]</a> and Metsatöll are known to feature "clean" singing in line with their more traditional metal approach. Numerous other bands in the genre are known to feature both extreme vocals and clean singing. This includes Primordial,<a href="#cite_note-Primordial_live-24">[24]</a> Turisas,<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Windir<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> and Wintersun.<a href="#cite_note-Wintersun-130">[130]</a> Traditional folk singing can also be found among some folk metal bands. The <a href="/wiki/Yoik" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoik">yoik</a> vocals of <a href="/wiki/Jonne_J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonne Järvelä">Jonne Järvelä</a> have been featured in varying degrees in the music of Shaman,<a href="#cite_note-Yoik-69">[69]</a> Finntroll<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> and Korpiklaani.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Folk singing or folk-inspired singing can also be heard in the music of Equilibrium,<a href="#cite_note-Fratyr-148">[148]</a> Metsatöll,<a href="#cite_note-Hiiecoven-153">[153]</a> Skyforger<a href="#cite_note-Sky_Below-154">[154]</a> and Orphaned Land.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The music of Orphaned Land also features the use of chants and choirs, commonly encountered in the genre of folk metal. Bands that are known to use a choir include Arkona,<a href="#cite_note-Arkona-97">[97]</a> Turisas,<a href="#cite_note-Varangian-129">[129]</a> Lumsk<a href="#cite_note-Lumsk_perspective-156">[156]</a> and Eluveitie,<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> while chants can be found in the music of Týr<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> and Windir.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Some bands like <a href="/wiki/Falconer_(band)" title="Falconer (band)">Falconer</a> and Thyrfing are also known to feature "yo-ho-ho folk melodies" in their vocals to suit their Viking metal style.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Orphaned Land mostly uses English lyrics, but they are known to feature other languages as they "go well with the music and also sound more exotic and unique." Týr has also been known to use multiple languages in their music.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Other bands in the genre are known to sing exclusively or almost entirely in their native language, including Mägo de Oz in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gaia-49">[49]</a> Moonsorrow in <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Suden-74">[74]</a> Metsatöll in <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a><a href="#cite_note-Hiiecoven-153">[153]</a> and Lumsk in <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lumsk_perspective-156">[156]</a> Bands in the medieval metal subgenre also tend to sing largely or entirely in their <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a>, including Subway to Sally,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Morgenstern<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Letzte_Instanz" title="Letzte Instanz">Letzte Instanz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Lead female singers are not uncommon in the genre and can be found in Cruachan,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Cru-18">[18]</a> Otyg,<a href="#cite_note-RD_Otyg-86">[86]</a> Lumsk,<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Lumsk-84">[84]</a> Arkona,<a href="#cite_note-Arkona-97">[97]</a> Celtian and Midnattsol.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Mid-110">[110]</a> Other groups like Orphaned Land and Elvenking have employed guest female vocalists in their music.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_King-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Candyland-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyrics">Lyrics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lyrics">edit</a>]</div> Popular subjects in folk metal include <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>. Folk metal has been associated with paganism ever since its inception, when Martin Walkyier left his former band Sabbat to form Skyclad, in part because the band "wasn't going to go far enough down the pagan, British way that we wanted to do it."<a href="#cite_note-plague-166">[166]</a> Consequently, the lyrics of Skyclad have been known to deal with pagan matters.<a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_Skyclad-5">[5]</a> The band Cruachan was also founded by a self-described pagan, Keith Fay.<a href="#cite_note-Cru_Imp-19">[19]</a> For Ville Sorvali of Moonsorrow, the label "pagan metal" is preferred "because that describes the ideological points in the music, but doesn’t say anything about the music itself."<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Other bands that also prefer to use the term "pagan metal" as a self-description include Cruachan,<a href="#cite_note-Cruachan_Ready-168">[168]</a> Eluveitie,<a href="#cite_note-Lords_of_Elu1-169">[169]</a> Obtest<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> and Skyforger. In contrast to bands with pagan themes, some folk metal bands such as <a href="/wiki/Orphaned_Land" title="Orphaned Land">Orphaned Land</a> have themes of <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic religion">Abrahamic religion</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turisas_-_FME2008_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Turisas_-_FME2008_-_02.jpg/220px-Turisas_-_FME2008_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Turisas_-_FME2008_-_02.jpg/330px-Turisas_-_FME2008_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Turisas_-_FME2008_-_02.jpg/440px-Turisas_-_FME2008_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Turisas" title="Turisas">Turisas</a>, seen here performing in 2008, have tackled such issues as the glorification of war through the use of fantasy-themed lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-Turis_Chaos-171">[171]</a></figcaption></figure> Nature is a strong influence to many folk metal bands.<a href="#cite_note-Bowar2-134">[134]</a> Groups such as Korpiklaani,<a href="#cite_note-Voice_of_Ramos-67">[67]</a> Elvenking,<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Midnattsol<a href="#cite_note-Carmen-173">[173]</a> and Vintersorg<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> have all based lyrics on the subject. For the band Agalloch, nature is an embraced theme "because we are siding with what is essentially the victim in a relationship where humankind is a disease."<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> All the members of Skyclad are supporters of "organisations like Greenpeace and others, for those are the ones who stand up and take on the battle" between "people who want to save the planet, and people who want to destroy it."<a href="#cite_note-LoM_Skyclad-176">[176]</a> The pioneers of the genre Skyclad avoided fantasy lyrics because "there was already enough fantasy in the world, told to us by our politicians every day."<a href="#cite_note-LoM_Skyclad-176">[176]</a> Nonetheless, other folk metal bands have been known to feature fantasy themes in their lyrics including Ensiferum,<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Midnattsol<a href="#cite_note-Carmen-173">[173]</a> and Cruachan.<a href="#cite_note-Cruachan_Ready-168">[168]</a> For Elvenking, fantasy themes are used "as a metaphor to cover deeper meanings."<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Similarly, the fantasy themes in Turisas belie the coverage of issues "that are deeper and have greater significance."<a href="#cite_note-Turis_Chaos-171">[171]</a> The Celtic metal subgenre is known to feature lyrics based on <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chad-21">[21]</a> The history of the <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celts</a> is another popular source for the lyrics of Celtic metal bands like Cruachan,<a href="#cite_note-Cru_Imp-19">[19]</a> Eluveitie,<a href="#cite_note-Lords_of_Elu1-169">[169]</a> Primordial<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mael_M%C3%B3rdha" title="Mael Mórdha">Mael Mórdha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a> can be found in the lyrics of such Scandinavian bands as Falkenbach,<a href="#cite_note-Dead_Falken-142">[142]</a> Týr,<a href="#cite_note-Lords_of_Tyr-109">[109]</a> Finntroll<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mithotyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithotyn">Mithotyn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Neon_Falcon-182">[182]</a> Skyforger is known for featuring lyrics based on both the history and mythology of their Latvian culture.<a href="#cite_note-Modern_Sky-140">[140]</a> Other bands that have treated history to song include Falconer<a href="#cite_note-Neon_Falcon-182">[182]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slechtvalk" title="Slechtvalk">Slechtvalk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glittertind_Landkjenning_Promo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Glittertind_Landkjenning_Promo.jpg/220px-Glittertind_Landkjenning_Promo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Glittertind_Landkjenning_Promo.jpg/330px-Glittertind_Landkjenning_Promo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Glittertind_Landkjenning_Promo.jpg/440px-Glittertind_Landkjenning_Promo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption> Some bands, like <a href="/wiki/Torbj%C3%B8rn_Sandvik" class="mw-redirect" title="Torbjørn Sandvik">Torbjørn Sandvik</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glittertind_(band)" title="Glittertind (band)">Glittertind</a>, have uttered socialist sentiments in statements explaining album concepts. Picture from <a href="/wiki/Borgund_Stave_Church" title="Borgund Stave Church">Borgund Stave Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sogn_og_Fjordane" title="Sogn og Fjordane">Sogn og Fjordane</a> (2009).</figcaption></figure> Many <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a> (NSBM) bands like <a href="/wiki/Nokturnal_Mortum" title="Nokturnal Mortum">Nokturnal Mortum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> or Russia's Temnozor<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kroda" title="Kroda">Kroda</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> have been known to cross over into folk metal, a circumstance that Ciaran O'Hagan, the vocalist of Waylander, views as "an insult to people like myself who don’t hold with fascist ideals at all."<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> He further suggests that the NSBM bands are playing folk metal "for all the wrong reasons." Due to the <a href="/wiki/Fascist_symbolism#Non-fascist_usage" title="Fascist symbolism">misappropriation of pagan symbols</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a>, several folk metal bands have also been mistaken for being part of the NSBM scene. Consequently, such bands as Cruachan,<a href="#cite_note-Cru_Imp-19">[19]</a> Skyforger,<a href="#cite_note-Sky_Below-154">[154]</a> Månegarm and Týr<a href="#cite_note-Tyr_FAQ-188">[188]</a> have had to disassociate themselves with Nazism, fascism or racism. Skyforger went as far as to add the words 'No Nazi Stuff Here!' on the back of their album covers.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In April 2008, performers on the folk metal festival Paganfest were subject to accusations of being Nazis, racists and fascists from the German <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Antifa</a>. Ville Sorvali of Moonsorrow and <a href="/wiki/Heri_Joensen" title="Heri Joensen">Heri Joensen</a> of Týr issued a joint video statement to refute these accusations, noting that "one of the biggest issues seems to be that we use ancient Scandinavian symbols in our imagery like the <a href="/wiki/Sig_Rune" class="mw-redirect" title="Sig Rune">S in the Moonsorrow logo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_rune" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwaz rune">T in the Týr logo</a> [even though] that is how the S and the T <a href="/wiki/Runic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic alphabet">runes</a> have been written for thousands of years."<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Moonsorrow has also issued a written statement in response to the controversy<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> while Týr notes on their official website that they "got the idea for the rune logo" from the <a href="/wiki/Tyr_(album)" title="Tyr (album)">Black Sabbath album</a> of the same name.<a href="#cite_note-Tyr_FAQ-188">[188]</a> On the other side of the political landscape, some folk metal bands have uttered explicit socialist sentiments. For example the aforementioned <a href="/wiki/Glittertind_(band)" title="Glittertind (band)">Glittertind</a> made a <a href="/wiki/Leftist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftist">leftist</a> statement against <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> in their album booklet when re-releasing the record <a href="/wiki/Til_Dovre_Faller" title="Til Dovre Faller">Til Dovre Faller</a> on <a href="/wiki/Napalm_Records" title="Napalm Records">Napalm Records</a> in May 2009.<a href="#cite_note-Til_Dovre_Faller_album_booklet-192">[192]</a> The original folk metal band Skyclad was also known to deal with serious political subjects<a href="#cite_note-LoM_Skyclad-176">[176]</a> but through lyrics that were littered with puns<a href="#cite_note-Sky_Eat-193">[193]</a> and humor.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Other bands have continued to feature fun and humorous lyrics. This includes Finntroll<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> with their obsession on trolls.<a href="#cite_note-Trolls_in_NYTimes-58">[58]</a> The lyrics of Korpiklaani also "focused on having a good time, drinking [and] partying."<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In a review of Turisas' <a href="/wiki/The_Varangian_Way" title="The Varangian Way">The Varangian Way</a> album, James Christopher Monger of Allmusic commented that some listeners might be put off by "the concept of grown men in pelts" singing such lyrics as "come with us to the south, write your name on our roll."<a href="#cite_note-Varangian-129">[129]</a> Heri Joensen of Týr contends that a listener needs to be confident in his <a href="/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">masculinity</a> to listen to such traditional Faeroese lyrics as his own "young lads, happy lads, step upon the floor, dance merrily."<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> Unlike any other, the Belgian folk metal band <a href="/wiki/Ithilien_(band)" title="Ithilien (band)">Ithilien</a> preferred to focus their lyrics on very personal subjects such as loss, perseverance or grief. The album Shaping the Soul is for example constructed based on <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kubler-Ross</a> model of the mourning process.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">Pagan metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_metal_bands" title="List of folk metal bands">List of folk metal bands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDicks,_Britton" class="citation web cs1">Dicks, Britton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226231421/http://www.metalcoven.com/interview_walkyier_britton.html">"Interview with Martin Walkyier"</a>. Metalcoven.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalcoven.com/interview_walkyier_britton.html">the original</a> on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Martin+Walkyier&rft.pub=Metalcoven.com&rft.au=Dicks%2C+Britton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalcoven.com%2Finterview_walkyier_britton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic_Skyclad-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_Skyclad_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_Skyclad_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBush,_John" class="citation web cs1">Bush, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p14274">"AMG Skyclad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+kingdom/tyne+and+wear/newcastle+upon+tyne/skyclad">the original</a> on 2009-09-18. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skyclad&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Funited%2Bkingdom%2Ftyne%2Band%2Bwear%2Fnewcastle%2Bupon%2Btyne%2Fskyclad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortugal" class="citation web cs1">Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtp.pt/programa/tv/p24751">"MOONSPELL "LUSITANIAN METAL" - Musicais - RTP"</a>. www.rtp.pt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063931/http://www.rtp.pt/programa/tv/p24751">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rtp.pt&rft.atitle=MOONSPELL+%22LUSITANIAN+METAL%22+-+Musicais+-+RTP&rft.aulast=Portugal&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A1dio+e+Televis%C3%A3o+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtp.pt%2Fprograma%2Ftv%2Fp24751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMG_BE-7"><a href="#cite_ref-AMG_BE_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivadavia,_Eduardo" class="citation web cs1">Rivadavia, Eduardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r445146">"AMG Butterfly Effect Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-02-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=AMG+Butterfly+Effect+Review&rft.au=Rivadavia%2C+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr445146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGianni_Della_Cioppa2010" class="citation book cs1">Gianni Della Cioppa (2010). Heavy metal. i contemporanei. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/germany/berlin/in+extremo">the original</a> on 2010-10-20. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/germany/bavaria/munich/schandmaul">the original</a> on 2012-05-25. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/ireland/cruachan">the original</a> on 2013-07-23. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cruachan+Biography&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Fireland%2Fcruachan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cru_Imp-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cru_Imp_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cru_Imp_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cru_Imp_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cru_Imp_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolther,_Giancarlo" class="citation web cs1">Bolther, Giancarlo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210150222/http://www.rock-impressions.com/cruachan_inter1e.htm">"Interview with Keith Fay of Cruachan"</a>. Rock-impressions.com. 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Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=AMG+Finntroll&rft.au=Hinds%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp509874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trolls_in_NYTimes-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trolls_in_NYTimes_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trolls_in_NYTimes_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trolls_in_NYTimes_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trolls_in_NYTimes_58-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanneh,_Kelefa2007" class="citation news cs1">Sanneh, Kelefa (2007-09-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/22/arts/music/22finn.html">"Finnish Folk-Metal, in Swedish, Plus Trolls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311124531/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/22/arts/music/22finn.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-03-11. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Finnish+Folk-Metal%2C+in+Swedish%2C+Plus+Trolls&rft.date=2007-09-22&rft.au=Sanneh%2C+Kelefa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F22%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F22finn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Hobartian,_Mike" class="citation web cs1">von Hobartian, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120526221440/http://www.ruthlessreviews.com/reviews.cfm/id/1227/page/jeff@foundrymusic.com">"Interview with Wilska of Finntroll"</a>. Ruthlessreviews.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruthlessreviews.com/reviews.cfm/id/1227/page/jeff@foundrymusic.com">the original</a> on 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Wilska+of+Finntroll&rft.pub=Ruthlessreviews.com&rft.au=von+Hobartian%2C+Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruthlessreviews.com%2Freviews.cfm%2Fid%2F1227%2Fpage%2Fjeff%40foundrymusic.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinds,_Andy" class="citation web cs1">Hinds, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r551710">"Jaktens Tid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Jaktens+Tid&rft.au=Hinds%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr551710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alex-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Alex_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson,_Alex" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1023824">"Ur Jordens Djup Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Ur+Jordens+Djup+Review&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr1023824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaktenstidcharts-62"><a href="#cite_ref-jaktenstidcharts_62-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://charts.fi/showitem.asp?interpret=Finntroll&titel=Jaktens+tid&cat=a">Finnish Charts for Jaktens Tid</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720181022/http://charts.fi/showitem.asp?interpret=Finntroll&titel=Jaktens+tid&cat=a">Archived</a> July 20, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rock_Korp-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Korp_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Korp_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Korp_63-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090829074442/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/lahti/korpiklaani">"Korpiklaani"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/lahti/korpiklaani">the original</a> on 2009-08-29. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Korpiklaani&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Ffinland%2Flahti%2Fkorpiklaani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDicks,_Britton" class="citation web cs1">Dicks, Britton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220347/http://www.metalcoven.com/interview_korp_britton.html">"Interview with Jarkko Aaltonen of Korpiklaani"</a>. Metalcoven.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalcoven.com/interview_korp_britton.html">the original</a> on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Jarkko+Aaltonen+of+Korpiklaani&rft.pub=Metalcoven.com&rft.au=Dicks%2C+Britton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalcoven.com%2Finterview_korp_britton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Horn" class="citation web cs1">Van Horn, Ray Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080320233707/http://www.maelstrom.nu/ezine/interview_iss37_193.php">"Interview with Jarkko Aaltonen of Korpiklaani"</a>. Maelstrom.nu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maelstrom.nu/ezine/interview_iss37_193.php">the original</a> on 2008-03-20. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Jarkko+Aaltonen+of+Korpiklaani&rft.pub=Maelstrom.nu&rft.aulast=Van+Horn&rft.aufirst=Ray+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maelstrom.nu%2Fezine%2Finterview_iss37_193.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811173110/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/lahti/shaman">"Shaman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/lahti/shaman">the original</a> on 2011-08-11. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shaman&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Ffinland%2Flahti%2Fshaman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voice_of_Ramos-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voice_of_Ramos_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voice_of_Ramos_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voice_of_Ramos_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voice_of_Ramos_67-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamos_Jr,_Octavio" class="citation web cs1">Ramos Jr, Octavio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112032531/http://www.soundchecks.co.uk/articles/korpikla.html">"Voice of the Forest"</a>. Soundchecks.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundchecks.co.uk/articles/korpikla.html">the original</a> on 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voice+of+the+Forest&rft.pub=Soundchecks.co.uk&rft.au=Ramos+Jr%2C+Octavio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundchecks.co.uk%2Farticles%2Fkorpikla.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-High_Korpi-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-High_Korpi_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-High_Korpi_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton,_Kenneth" class="citation web cs1">Morton, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080225172928/http://highwiredaze.com/korpiklaani.htm">"Interview with Jarkko Aaltonen of Korpiklaani"</a>. Highwiredaze.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highwiredaze.com/korpiklaani.htm">the original</a> on 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Jarkko+Aaltonen+of+Korpiklaani&rft.pub=Highwiredaze.com&rft.au=Morton%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highwiredaze.com%2Fkorpiklaani.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yoik-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yoik_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yoik_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehtinen,_Arto" class="citation web cs1">Lehtinen, Arto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/Korpiklaani-March2004.htm">"Interview with Jonne Järvelä of Korpiklaani"</a>. Metal-rules.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302175048/http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/Korpiklaani-March2004.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-03-02. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Jonne+J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4+of+Korpiklaani&rft.pub=Metal-rules.com&rft.au=Lehtinen%2C+Arto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metal-rules.com%2Finterviews%2FKorpiklaani-March2004.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tartare_Korpi-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tartare_Korpi_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tartare_Korpi_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFjordi" class="citation web cs1">Fjordi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080327134649/http://www.tartareandesire.com/interviews/korpiklaani.html">"Interview with Jonne Järvelä of Korpiklaani"</a>. Tartareandesire.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tartareandesire.com/interviews/korpiklaani.html">the original</a> on 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Jonne+J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4+of+Korpiklaani&rft.pub=Tartareandesire.com&rft.au=Fjordi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tartareandesire.com%2Finterviews%2Fkorpiklaani.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowar,_Chad" class="citation web cs1">Bowar, Chad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavymetal.about.com/od/interviews/a/korpiklaani2007_2.htm">"Interview with Jonne Järvelä of Korpiklaani"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220061722/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/interviews/a/korpiklaani2007_2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-02-20. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Jonne+J%C3%A4rvel%C3%A4+of+Korpiklaani&rft.pub=About.com&rft.au=Bowar%2C+Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheavymetal.about.com%2Fod%2Finterviews%2Fa%2Fkorpiklaani2007_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivadavia,_Eduardo" class="citation web cs1">Rivadavia, Eduardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p603902">"AMG Moonsorrow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=AMG+Moonsorrow&rft.au=Rivadavia%2C+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp603902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122220317/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/helsinki/moonsorrow">"Moonsorrow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/helsinki/moonsorrow">the original</a> on 2009-11-22. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moonsorrow&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Ffinland%2Fhelsinki%2Fmoonsorrow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suden-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suden_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suden_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivadavia,_Eduardo" class="citation web cs1">Rivadavia, Eduardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r683031">"Suden Uni Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Suden+Uni+Review&rft.au=Rivadavia%2C+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr683031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMG_Cadacross-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_Cadacross_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_Cadacross_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivadavia,_Eduardo" class="citation web cs1">Rivadavia, Eduardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p677155">"AMG Cadacross"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=AMG+Cadacross&rft.au=Rivadavia%2C+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp677155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMG_Ensiferum-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_Ensiferum_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_Ensiferum_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivadavia,_Eduardo" class="citation web cs1">Rivadavia, Eduardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p683495">"AMG Ensiferum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=AMG+Ensiferum&rft.au=Rivadavia%2C+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp683495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMG_Turi-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_Turi_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_Turi_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeming,_Mark" class="citation web cs1">Deming, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p838221">"AMG Turisas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=AMG+Turisas&rft.au=Deming%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp838221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivadavia,_Eduardo" class="citation web cs1">Rivadavia, Eduardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p677148">"AMG Wintersun"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=AMG+Wintersun&rft.au=Rivadavia%2C+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp677148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005944/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/helsinki/ensiferum">"Ensiferum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/helsinki/ensiferum">the original</a> on 2012-11-07. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ensiferum&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Ffinland%2Fhelsinki%2Fensiferum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Finntroll">Finntroll at Finnishcharts.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407015625/http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Finntroll">Archived</a> April 7, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Korpiklaani">Korpiklaani at Finnishcharts.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424203320/http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Korpiklaani">Archived</a> April 24, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Moonsorrow">Moonsorrow at Finnishcharts.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924145800/http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Moonsorrow">Archived</a> September 24, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Turisas">Turisas at Finnishcharts.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407015708/http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Turisas">Archived</a> April 7, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/kanal/nrk_p1/1.11549373">"A, B og C-lista uke 8 2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a>. 17 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222014737/http://www.nrk.no/kanal/nrk_p1/1.11549373">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-02-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A%2C+B+og+C-lista+uke+8+2014&rft.pub=NRK&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fkanal%2Fnrk_p1%2F1.11549373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOqU2A3UVgk">"Glittertind at NRK Lindmo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a>. February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630095740/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOqU2A3UVgk">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2014-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glittertind+at+NRK+Lindmo&rft.pub=NRK&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DbOqU2A3UVgk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowar,_Chad" class="citation web cs1">Bowar, Chad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/gr/kampfar.htm">"Kvass Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080217014120/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/gr/kampfar.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kvass+Review&rft.pub=About.com&rft.au=Bowar%2C+Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheavymetal.about.com%2Fod%2Fcdreviews%2Fgr%2Fkampfar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rock_Lumsk-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Lumsk_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Lumsk_84-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Lumsk_84-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Lumsk_84-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Lumsk_84-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927190936/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/trondheim/lumsk">"Lumsk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/trondheim/lumsk">the original</a> on 2012-09-27. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lumsk&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Fnorway%2Ftrondheim%2Flumsk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDicks,_Britton" class="citation web cs1">Dicks, Britton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226233709/http://www.metalcoven.com/review_trollfest_fest.html">"Willkommen Folk Tell Drekka Fest Review"</a>. Metalcoven.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalcoven.com/review_trollfest_fest.html">the original</a> on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Willkommen+Folk+Tell+Drekka+Fest+Review&rft.pub=Metalcoven.com&rft.au=Dicks%2C+Britton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalcoven.com%2Freview_trollfest_fest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RD_Otyg-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RD_Otyg_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RD_Otyg_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090609011742/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/sweden/skelleftea/otyg">"Otyg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/sweden/skelleftea/otyg">the original</a> on 2009-06-09. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Otyg&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Fsweden%2Fskelleftea%2Fotyg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowar,_Chad" class="citation web cs1">Bowar, Chad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/vintersorgsolen.htm">"Solens Rötter Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071209032718/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/vintersorgsolen.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-12-09. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solens+R%C3%B6tter+Review&rft.pub=About.com&rft.au=Bowar%2C+Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheavymetal.about.com%2Fod%2Fcdreviews%2Ffr%2Fvintersorgsolen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharpe-YoungGlittertind-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sharpe-YoungGlittertind_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharpe-YoungGlittertind_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122221842/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/lillesand/glittertind">"Glittertind"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/lillesand/glittertind">the original</a> on 2009-11-22. Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glittertind&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Fnorway%2Flillesand%2Fglittertind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowar,_Chad" class="citation web cs1">Bowar, Chad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/wutheringheight.htm">"The Shadow Cabinet Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071206105020/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/wutheringheight.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-12-06. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shadow+Cabinet+Review&rft.pub=About.com&rft.au=Bowar%2C+Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheavymetal.about.com%2Fod%2Fcdreviews%2Ffr%2Fwutheringheight.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowar,_Chad" class="citation web cs1">Bowar, Chad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071221221820/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/svartsotravnene.htm">"Ravnenes Saga Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/svartsotravnene.htm">the original</a> on 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ravnenes+Saga+Review&rft.pub=About.com&rft.au=Bowar%2C+Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheavymetal.about.com%2Fod%2Fcdreviews%2Ffr%2Fsvartsotravnene.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowar,_Chad" class="citation web cs1">Bowar, Chad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080320001912/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/gr/tyrericthered.htm">"Eric the Red Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/gr/tyrericthered.htm">the original</a> on 2008-03-20. 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Retrieved 2008-03-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Nattf%C3%B6dd+Review&rft.au=Rivadavia%2C+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr688436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDicks,_Britton" class="citation web cs1">Dicks, Britton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017050242/http://www.metalcoven.com/review_manegarm_tid.html">"Vredens Tid Review"</a>. Metalcoven.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalcoven.com/review_manegarm_tid.html">the original</a> on 2006-10-17. Retrieved 2008-03-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vredens+Tid+Review&rft.pub=Metalcoven.com&rft.au=Dicks%2C+Britton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalcoven.com%2Freview_manegarm_tid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalis,_Quentin" class="citation web cs1">Kalis, Quentin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/reviews/albums/2-4987_tharaphita_iidsetel_sunkjatel_radadel.aspx">"Iidsetel Sunkjatel Radadel Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Chaos_(webzine)" title="Chronicles of Chaos (webzine)">Chronicles of Chaos</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080126103148/http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/reviews/albums/2-4987_tharaphita_iidsetel_sunkjatel_radadel.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-01-26. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iidsetel+Sunkjatel+Radadel+Review&rft.pub=Chronicles+of+Chaos&rft.au=Kalis%2C+Quentin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclesofchaos.com%2Freviews%2Falbums%2F2-4987_tharaphita_iidsetel_sunkjatel_radadel.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowar2-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowar2_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowar2_134-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowar,_Chad" class="citation web cs1">Bowar, Chad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetalartists/u/heavymetalartistsandstyles.htm#s6">"Folk Metal Artists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823094100/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetalartists/u/heavymetalartistsandstyles.htm#s6">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-23. Retrieved 2008-03-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folk+Metal+Artists&rft.pub=About.com&rft.au=Bowar%2C+Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheavymetal.about.com%2Fod%2Fheavymetalartists%2Fu%2Fheavymetalartistsandstyles.htm%23s6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rock_Tua-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Tua_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Tua_135-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927191350/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/brazil/minas+gerais/varginha/tuatha+de+danann">"Tuatha de Danann"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. 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Retrieved 2008-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuatha+de+Danann&rft.pub=MusicMight&rft.au=Sharpe-Young%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Fbrazil%2Fminas%2Bgerais%2Fvarginha%2Ftuatha%2Bde%2Bdanann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rock_Morg-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Morg_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young,_Garry" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120529050822/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/germany/thuringia/merkers/morgenstern">"Morgenstern"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. 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Estonianmetal.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080303182221/http://www.estonianmetal.com/interviews.php?id=62">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2008-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Metsat%C3%B6ll&rft.pub=Estonianmetal.com&rft.au=Gentile%2C+Emanuele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estonianmetal.com%2Finterviews.php%3Fid%3D62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFjordi" class="citation web cs1">Fjordi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050216003904/http://frombelow.dk/interview_orphanedland.htm">"Interview with Orphaned Land"</a>. Frombelow.dk. 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Retrieved 2008-03-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Kobi+Farhi+of+Orphaned+Land&rft.pub=Beyondearcandy.com&rft.au=Reilly%2C+Ann+Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beyondearcandy.com%2Fsite%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcontent%26task%3Dview%26id%3D115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dead_Falken-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dead_Falken_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dead_Falken_142-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.,_Mike" class="citation web cs1">S., Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111005235/http://www.deadtide.com/interviews/page.php?id=107">"Interview with Vratyas Vakyas of Falkenbach"</a>. Deadtide.com. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalcoven.com/review_cadacross_sopale.html">the original</a> on 2006-10-17. Retrieved 2008-03-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=So+Pale+Is+the+Light+Review&rft.pub=Metalcoven.com&rft.au=Dicks%2C+Britton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalcoven.com%2Freview_cadacross_sopale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowar,_Chad" class="citation web cs1">Bowar, Chad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/ensiferumvictor.htm">"Victory Songs Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210062747/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/ensiferumvictor.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-10. 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Retrieved 2008-02-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Ville+Sorvali+of+Moonsorrow&rft.pub=Nonelouder.com&rft.aulast=Roon&rft.aufirst=Samuel+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nonelouder.com%2Fprofiles%2Fblog%2Fshow%3Fid%3D1528828%253ABlogPost%253A4049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cruachan_Ready-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cruachan_Ready_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cruachan_Ready_168-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefanis,_John" class="citation web cs1">Stefanis, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080304065301/http://www.getreadytorock.com/pure_metal/cruachan.htm">"Interview with Keith Fay of Cruachan"</a>. Getreadytorock.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getreadytorock.com/pure_metal/cruachan.htm">the original</a> on 2008-03-04. Retrieved 2008-02-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Keith+Fay+of+Cruachan&rft.pub=Getreadytorock.com&rft.au=Stefanis%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreadytorock.com%2Fpure_metal%2Fcruachan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lords_of_Elu1-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lords_of_Elu1_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lords_of_Elu1_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDieters,_Frank" class="citation web cs1">Dieters, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130112032338/http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=849&lang=en">"Interview with Chrigel Glanzmann of Eluveitie"</a>. Lordsofmetal.nl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=849&lang=en">the original</a> on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Chrigel+Glanzmann+of+Eluveitie&rft.pub=Lordsofmetal.nl&rft.au=Dieters%2C+Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lordsofmetal.nl%2Fshowinterview.php%3Fid%3D849%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarissa_Glasser" class="citation web cs1">Larissa Glasser. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070923050514/http://www.maelstrom.nu/ezine/interview_iss53_235.php">"Interview with Sadlave of Obtest"</a>. Maelstrom.nu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maelstrom.nu/ezine/interview_iss53_235.php">the original</a> on 2007-09-23. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Sadlave+of+Obtest&rft.pub=Maelstrom.nu&rft.au=Larissa+Glasser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maelstrom.nu%2Fezine%2Finterview_iss53_235.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turis_Chaos-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turis_Chaos_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turis_Chaos_171-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmit,_Jackie" class="citation web cs1">Smit, Jackie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles/chats/1-672_turisas.aspx">"Interview with Matthias Nygard of Turisas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Chaos_(webzine)" title="Chronicles of Chaos (webzine)">Chronicles of Chaos</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626122320/http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles/chats/1-672_turisas.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Matthias+Nygard+of+Turisas&rft.pub=Chronicles+of+Chaos&rft.au=Smit%2C+Jackie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclesofchaos.com%2Farticles%2Fchats%2F1-672_turisas.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarina" class="citation web cs1">Marina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080316035427/http://www.truemetal.org/metal-heart/elvenking-interview.htm">"Interview with Aydan of Elvenking"</a>. Truemetal.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truemetal.org/metal-heart/elvenking-interview.htm">the original</a> on 2008-03-16. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Aydan+of+Elvenking&rft.pub=Truemetal.org&rft.au=Marina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.truemetal.org%2Fmetal-heart%2Felvenking-interview.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carmen-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carmen_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carmen_173-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_Mark" class="citation web cs1">Fisher, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicaldiscoveries.com/reviews/midnattsol.htm">"Interview with Carmen Espanæs of Midnattsol"</a>. Musicaldiscoveries.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071107041400/http://www.musicaldiscoveries.com/reviews/midnattsol.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-11-07. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Carmen+Espan%C3%A6s+of+Midnattsol&rft.pub=Musicaldiscoveries.com&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicaldiscoveries.com%2Freviews%2Fmidnattsol.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlrey,_Jeremy" class="citation web cs1">Ulrey, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles/chats/1-1014_vintersorg.aspx">"Interview with Andreas Hedlund of Vintersorg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Chaos_(webzine)" title="Chronicles of Chaos (webzine)">Chronicles of Chaos</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080316050611/http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles/chats/1-1014_vintersorg.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-03-16. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Andreas+Hedlund+of+Vintersorg&rft.pub=Chronicles+of+Chaos&rft.au=Ulrey%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclesofchaos.com%2Farticles%2Fchats%2F1-1014_vintersorg.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLos_MuertosMichael_De" class="citation web cs1">Los Muertos; Michael De. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/agalloch.htm">"Interview with Don Anderson and John Haughm of Agalloch"</a>. Metal-rules.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228133631/http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/agalloch.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Don+Anderson+and+John+Haughm+of+Agalloch&rft.pub=Metal-rules.com&rft.au=Los+Muertos&rft.au=Michael+De&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metal-rules.com%2Finterviews%2Fagalloch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LoM_Skyclad-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LoM_Skyclad_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoM_Skyclad_176-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoM_Skyclad_176-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVonberg,_Horst" class="citation web cs1">Vonberg, Horst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121209092456/http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=305&lang=en">"Interview with Martin Walkyier of Skyclad"</a>. Lordsofmetal.nl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=305&lang=en">the original</a> on 2012-12-09. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Martin+Walkyier+of+Skyclad&rft.pub=Lordsofmetal.nl&rft.au=Vonberg%2C+Horst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lordsofmetal.nl%2Fshowinterview.php%3Fid%3D305%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDujardin,_Audrey" class="citation web cs1">Dujardin, Audrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113231822/http://www.tartareandesire.com/interviews/ensiferum1.html">"Interview with Markus Toivonen and Petri Lindroos of Ensiferum"</a>. Tartareandesire.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tartareandesire.com/interviews/ensiferum1.html">the original</a> on 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Markus+Toivonen+and+Petri+Lindroos+of+Ensiferum&rft.pub=Tartareandesire.com&rft.au=Dujardin%2C+Audrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tartareandesire.com%2Finterviews%2Fensiferum1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff" class="citation web cs1">Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023024953/http://metalstorm.ee/pub/interview.php?interview_id=373">"Interview with Aydan of Elvenking"</a>. Metalstorm.ee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metalstorm.ee/pub/interview.php?interview_id=373">the original</a> on 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Aydan+of+Elvenking&rft.pub=Metalstorm.ee&rft.au=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetalstorm.ee%2Fpub%2Finterview.php%3Finterview_id%3D373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelle,_Alina" class="citation web cs1">Michelle, Alina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080224052920/http://www.photomistress.com/interviews/primordial.php">"Interview with A. Nemtheanga of Primordial"</a>. Photomistress.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.photomistress.com/interviews/primordial.php">the original</a> on February 24, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+A.+Nemtheanga+of+Primordial&rft.pub=Photomistress.com&rft.au=Michelle%2C+Alina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.photomistress.com%2Finterviews%2Fprimordial.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitsios,_Elias" class="citation web cs1">Ritsios, Elias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202173906/http://www.metal-invader.com/interviews/mael_mordha-2006-03-03/interview.php">"Interview with Roibéard Ó Bogail of Mael Mórdha"</a>. Metal-invader.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metal-invader.com/interviews/mael_mordha-2006-03-03/interview.php">the original</a> on 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Roib%C3%A9ard+%C3%93+Bogail+of+Mael+M%C3%B3rdha&rft.pub=Metal-invader.com&rft.au=Ritsios%2C+Elias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metal-invader.com%2Finterviews%2Fmael_mordha-2006-03-03%2Finterview.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahtinen,_Luxi" class="citation web cs1">Lahtinen, Luxi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080303081736/http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/Finntroll.htm">"Interview with Katla and Somnium of Finntroll"</a>. Metal-rules.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/Finntroll.htm">the original</a> on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Katla+and+Somnium+of+Finntroll&rft.pub=Metal-rules.com&rft.au=Lahtinen%2C+Luxi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metal-rules.com%2Finterviews%2FFinntroll.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neon_Falcon-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neon_Falcon_182-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neon_Falcon_182-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Call" class="citation web cs1">George Call. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203151646/http://www.neonblonde.com/Interview13.htm">"Interview with Stefan Weinerhall of Falconer"</a>. Neonblonde.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neonblonde.com/Interview13.htm">the original</a> on 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Stefan+Weinerhall+of+Falconer&rft.pub=Neonblonde.com&rft.au=George+Call&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neonblonde.com%2FInterview13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEck,_Markus" class="citation web cs1">Eck, Markus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307185210/http://metalmessage.net/interviews/slechtvalk-engl.htm">"Interview with Shamgar of Slechtvalk"</a>. Metalmessage.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metalmessage.net/Interviews/slechtvalk-engl.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Shamgar+of+Slechtvalk&rft.pub=Metalmessage.de&rft.au=Eck%2C+Markus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetalmessage.net%2FInterviews%2Fslechtvalk-engl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDicks,_Britton" class="citation web cs1">Dicks, Britton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017054432/http://www.metalcoven.com/review_nokturnal_miro.html">"Mirovozzrenie Review"</a>. Metalcoven.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalcoven.com/review_nokturnal_miro.html">the original</a> on 2006-10-17. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mirovozzrenie+Review&rft.pub=Metalcoven.com&rft.au=Dicks%2C+Britton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalcoven.com%2Freview_nokturnal_miro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDicks,_Britton" class="citation web cs1">Dicks, Britton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080218013005/http://www.metalcoven.com/review_temnozor_folkstorm.html">"Folkstorm Of Azure Nights Review"</a>. Metalcoven.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalcoven.com/review_temnozor_folkstorm.html">the original</a> on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folkstorm+Of+Azure+Nights+Review&rft.pub=Metalcoven.com&rft.au=Dicks%2C+Britton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalcoven.com%2Freview_temnozor_folkstorm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFastred,_Reap" class="citation web cs1">Fastred, Reap. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012110355/http://mortemzine.net/article.php?id=256">"Interview with Eisenslav of Kroda"</a>. Mortemzine.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mortemzine.net/article.php?id=256">the original</a> on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Eisenslav+of+Kroda&rft.pub=Mortemzine.net&rft.au=Fastred%2C+Reap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mortemzine.net%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDicks,_Britton" class="citation web cs1">Dicks, Britton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307183834/http://www.metalcoven.com/interview_waylander_britton.html">"Interview with Ciaran O'Hagan of Waylander"</a>. Metalcoven.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalcoven.com/interview_waylander_britton.html">the original</a> on 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Ciaran+O%27Hagan+of+Waylander&rft.pub=Metalcoven.com&rft.au=Dicks%2C+Britton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalcoven.com%2Finterview_waylander_britton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyr_FAQ-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tyr_FAQ_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyr_FAQ_188-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTýr" class="citation web cs1">Týr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510120050/http://www.tyr.net/site/faq.htm">"Is Týr a fascist, nazi or racist band?"</a>. Tyr.net (Týr official website). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tyr.net/site/faq.htm">the original</a> on May 10, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+T%C3%BDr+a+fascist%2C+nazi+or+racist+band%3F&rft.pub=Tyr.net+%28T%C3%BDr+official+website%29&rft.au=T%C3%BDr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tyr.net%2Fsite%2Ffaq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Berlo,_Andrej" class="citation web cs1">Van Berlo, Andrej. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430033107/http://www.tartareandesire.com/interviews/skyforger.html">"Interview with Pēteris Kvetkovskis & Edgars Krūmiņš of Skyforger"</a>. Tartareandesire.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tartareandesire.com/interviews/skyforger.html">the original</a> on 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2008-05-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+P%C4%93teris+Kvetkovskis+%26+Edgars+Kr%C5%ABmi%C5%86%C5%A1+of+Skyforger&rft.pub=Tartareandesire.com&rft.au=Van+Berlo%2C+Andrej&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tartareandesire.com%2Finterviews%2Fskyforger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Ville Sorvali of Moonsorrow and Heri Joensen of Týr (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Xr1iWvL4A0">Statement on behalf of Moonsorrow, Týr and Eluveitie</a>. Youtube.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413084217/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Xr1iWvL4A0">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2008-05-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+on+behalf+of+Moonsorrow%2C+T%C3%BDr+and+Eluveitie&rft.pub=Youtube.com&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3Xr1iWvL4A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=94861">"Moonsorrow: We Are Not Nazis"</a>. 2008-04-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080417010429/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=94861">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2008-05-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Moonsorrow%3A+We+Are+Not+Nazis&rft.date=2008-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blabbermouth.net%2Fnews.aspx%3Fmode%3DArticle%26newsitemID%3D94861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Til_Dovre_Faller_album_booklet-192"><a href="#cite_ref-Til_Dovre_Faller_album_booklet_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandvik,_Torbjørn" class="citation web cs1">Sandvik, Torbjørn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glittertind.net/booklet/tildovrefaller_aboutrecord.jpg">"Til Dovre Faller statement"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glittertind.net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glittertind.net (page does not exist)">Glittertind.net</a>. Retrieved 2012-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Til+Dovre+Faller+statement&rft.pub=Glittertind.net&rft.au=Sandvik%2C+Torbj%C3%B8rn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glittertind.net%2Fbooklet%2Ftildovrefaller_aboutrecord.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Sky_Eat-193"><a href="#cite_ref-Sky_Eat_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill,_Wade" class="citation web cs1">O'Neill, Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112124020/http://metaleater.com/features-skyclad07142005.php">"Skyclad"</a>. Metaleater.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metaleater.com/features-skyclad07142005.php">the original</a> on 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2008-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skyclad&rft.pub=Metaleater.com&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+Wade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metaleater.com%2Ffeatures-skyclad07142005.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080303235955/http://www.bnrmetal.com/v2/search.php?name=skyclad">"Skyclad"</a>. Bnrmetal.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnrmetal.com/v2/search.php?name=skyclad">the original</a> on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2008-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skyclad&rft.pub=Bnrmetal.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnrmetal.com%2Fv2%2Fsearch.php%3Fname%3Dskyclad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheaks,_Matthias" class="citation web cs1">Sheaks, Matthias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r515163">"Folkemon Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Folkemon+Review&rft.au=Sheaks%2C+Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr515163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson,_Alex" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1023824">"Ur Jordens Djup Review"</a>. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ur+Jordens+Djup+Review&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr1023824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthijssens,_Vera" class="citation web cs1">Matthijssens, Vera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120804043641/http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=1795&lang=en">"Interview with Korpiklaani"</a>. Lordsofmetal.nl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=1795&lang=en">the original</a> on 2012-08-04. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Korpiklaani&rft.pub=Lordsofmetal.nl&rft.au=Matthijssens%2C+Vera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lordsofmetal.nl%2Fshowinterview.php%3Fid%3D1795%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuxlow" class="citation web cs1">Muxlow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111005240/http://www.deadtide.com/interviews/page.php?id=110">"Interview with Heri Joensen of Týr"</a>. Deadtide.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deadtide.com/interviews/page.php?id=110">the original</a> on 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2008-03-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Heri+Joensen+of+T%C3%BDr&rft.pub=Deadtide.com&rft.au=Muxlow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deadtide.com%2Finterviews%2Fpage.php%3Fid%3D110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313124653/http://timvv9.blogspot.be/2017/01/interview-ithilien.html">"Interview: Ithilien"</a>. timvv9.blogspot.be. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timvv9.blogspot.be/2017/01/interview-ithilien.html">the original</a> on 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2017-03-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timvv9.blogspot.be&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Ithilien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimvv9.blogspot.be%2F2017%2F01%2Finterview-ithilien.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_metal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527183634/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/folkmetal/Folk_Metal.htm">Folk metal</a> at <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Folk_and_indigenous_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Folk_music" title="Template:Folk music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Folk_music" title="Template talk:Folk music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Folk_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Folk music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Folk_and_indigenous_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk and indigenous music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music">Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">By subject or function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_Ballads" title="Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_ballad" title="Murder ballad">Murder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Christmas carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliadka" title="Koliadka">Koliadka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_music" title="Children's music">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">Drinking song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_song" title="Love song">Love song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">Protest song</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war song">Anti-war song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_song" title="Sporting song">Sporting song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song" title="Work song">Work song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_primitive_guitar" title="American primitive guitar">American primitive guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangdut" title="Dangdut">Dangdut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koplo" title="Koplo">Koplo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Folk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">Folktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">Indie folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_folk_music" title="Industrial folk music">Industrial folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(music)" title="Lu (music)">Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerd-folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerd-folk">Nerd-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">Psychedelic folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freak_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak folk">Freak folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Weird_America" title="New Weird America">New Weird America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_Selo" title="Tamang Selo">Tamang Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E1%BA%A9m" title="Xẩm">Xẩm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_music_traditions" title="List of folk music traditions">Regional traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of North American folk music traditions">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Central_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Central American folk music traditions">Central America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_calentano" title="Son calentano">Son calentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">Son jarocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">Son huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_Caliente_music" title="Tierra Caliente music">Tierra Caliente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama#Folk_music" title="Music of Panama">Panamanian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Indigenous North American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho_music" title="Arapaho music">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfeet_music" title="Blackfeet music">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_music" title="Iroquois music">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_music" title="Kiowa music">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%27wakw_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwakwaka'wakw music">Kwakwaka'wakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_music" title="Navajo music">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_music" title="Pueblo music">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_music" title="Seminole music">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_music" title="Sioux music">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuman_music" title="Yuman music">Yuman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">Old-time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">Folk revival</a> (1950s–60s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Folk_music" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_music" title="Americana music">Americana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">Honky-tonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_soul" title="Southern soul">Southern soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folk_music" title="Canadian folk music">Canadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fiddle" title="Canadian fiddle">Canadian fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canadian_cultures" title="Music of Canadian cultures">by ethnocultural group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music_in_Canada" title="Celtic music in Canada">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French-Canadian_music" title="French-Canadian music">French</a></li></ul></li> <li>by region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada%27s_Prairie_Provinces" title="Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces">Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Quebec" title="Music of Quebec">Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_fiddle" title="Quebec fiddle">Quebec fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9o-trad" title="Néo-trad">Néo-trad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Maritimes" title="Music of the Maritimes">Maritime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Caribbean folk music traditions">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_folk_music" title="Cuban folk music">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti#Folk_music" title="Music of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kontradans" title="Kontradans">Kontradans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_folk_music" title="Jamaican folk music">Jamaican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Folk_traditions" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariso" title="Cariso">Cariso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_parang" title="Chutney parang">Chutney parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_soca" title="Chutney soca">Chutney soca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiso" title="Kaiso">Kaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang" title="Parang">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of South American folk music traditions">South American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil#Indigenous_and_folk_music" title="Music of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Chilean_folk_music" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela#Folk" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanic_and_Australian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Oceanic and Australian folk music traditions">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia#Folk_music" title="Music of Australia">Australian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_folk_music" title="Australian folk music">White Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian music">Indigenous Australian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maori_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori music">Maori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Music of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvaluan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Asian folk music traditions">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh#Folk_music" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhawaiya" title="Bhawaiya">Bhawaiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan#Folk_music" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_music" title="Toi music">Central Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_traditional_music" title="Chinese traditional music">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_hill_song" title="Hakka hill song">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_sizhu" title="Jiangnan sizhu">Jingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Lâm-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_music" title="Beiguan music">Pak-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_string_music" title="Teochew string music">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodabil">Bodabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Kundiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_Lokgeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamrupi Lokgeet">Kamrupi Lokgeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasiya" title="Rasiya">Rasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanedo" title="Sanedo">Sanedo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia#Folk_music" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Min%27y%C5%8D" title="Min'yō">Min'yō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trot_(music)" title="Trot (music)">Trot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia#Folk_music" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal#Folk_music" title="Music of Nepal">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folk_music" title="Pakistani folk music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam#Folk_music" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_folk_music" title="Alpine folk music">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria#Folk_music" title="Music of Austria">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodna_muzika" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodna muzika">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania#Folk_music" title="Music of Albania">Albanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Folk_music" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian and Herzegovinan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevdalinka" title="Sevdalinka">Sevdalinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria#Folk_music" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Folk_music" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_music" title="Italian folk music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo#Folk_music" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro#Music" title="Culture of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Folk_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania#Folk_music" title="Music of Romania">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_folk_music" title="Serbian folk music">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus#Folk_music" title="Music of Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_fusion" title="Celtic fusion">Celtic fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech folk music">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian traditional music">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands#Folk_music" title="Music of the Netherlands">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia#Folk_music" title="Music of Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland#Folk_music" title="Music of Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_folk_music" title="French folk music">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Folk_music" title="Music of Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_folk_music" title="Hungarian folk music">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_folk_music" title="Icelandic folk music">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia#Folk_music" title="Music of Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania#Folk_music" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta#Folk_music" title="Music of Malta">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway#Folk_music" title="Music of Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal#Folk_music" title="Music of Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_music#Authentic_folk_music" title="Russian folk music">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Folk_music" title="Music of Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland#Folk_music" title="Music of Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_folk_music" title="Ukrainian folk music">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_songs" title="Cossack songs">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumka_(musical_genre)" title="Dumka (musical genre)">Dumka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales#Folk_music" title="Music of Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_folk_music_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Middle Eastern and North African folk music traditions">Middle Eastern and North African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_folk_music" title="Armenian folk music">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt#Folk_and_roots_revival" title="Music of Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel#Land_of_Israel_style" title="Music of Israel">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_music" title="Mizrahi music">Mizrahi music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">20th-century Western folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">Acoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_festivals" title="Category:Folk festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">Folk clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Instruments</a></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_song_collections" title="List of folk song collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_songs_by_Roud_number" title="List of folk songs by Roud number">Roud number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Child_Ballads" title="List of the Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Malcolm_Laws" title="George Malcolm Laws">Laws numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_session" title="Pub session">Pub session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_record_labels" title="Category:Folk record labels">Record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">Roots revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heavy_metal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heavy_metal_music" title="Template:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heavy_metal_music" title="Template talk:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heavy_metal_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heavy_metal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_genres" title="Heavy metal genres">Subgenres and fusion genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_metal" title="Alternative metal">Alternative metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Avant-garde metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">Beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biker_metal" title="Biker metal">Biker metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_black_metal" title="Symphonic black metal">Symphonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unblack_metal" title="Unblack metal">Unblack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackened_death_metal" title="Blackened death metal">Blackened death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackgaze" title="Blackgaze">Blackgaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_metal" title="Christian metal">Christian metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">Crust punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">Death metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">Brutal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">Melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">Technical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_%27n%27_roll" title="Death 'n' roll">Death 'n' roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">Death-doom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_doom" title="Funeral doom">Funeral doom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djent" title="Djent">Djent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">Doom metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_metal" title="Drone metal">Drone metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_metal" title="Extreme metal">Extreme metal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Folk metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">Funk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">Glam metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">Goregrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">Gothic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">Grindcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_metal" title="Groove metal">Groove metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">Industrial metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_metal" title="Kawaii metal">Kawaii metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Latin metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">Mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">Metalcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">Melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_metal" title="Neoclassical metal">Neoclassical metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_H%C3%A4rte" title="Neue Deutsche Härte">Neue Deutsche Härte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">Pagan metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_metal" title="Pirate metal">Pirate metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">Pornogrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-metal" title="Post-metal">Post-metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">Power metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Progressive metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal">Rap metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sludge_metal" title="Sludge metal">Sludge metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">Speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoner metal">Stoner metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">Symphonic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">Thrash metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">Crossover thrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_bass" title="Heavy metal bass">Bass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzz_bass" title="Fuzz bass">Fuzz bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_drumming" title="Heavy metal drumming">Drumming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blast_beat" title="Blast beat">Blast beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbal_choke" title="Cymbal choke">Cymbal choke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_gallop" title="Heavy metal gallop">Gallop drumbeat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_guitar" title="Heavy metal guitar">Guitar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_solo" title="Guitar solo">Guitar solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_mute" title="Palm mute">Palm muting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_chord" title="Power chord">Power chord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shred_guitar" title="Shred guitar">Shred guitar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_lyrics" title="Heavy metal lyrics">Lyrics</a></li> <li>Vocals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">Death growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screaming_(music)" title="Screaming (music)">Screaming</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable scenes and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_heavy_metal" title="African heavy metal">African heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_heavy_metal" title="Argentine heavy metal">Argentine heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_thrash_metal" title="Australian thrash metal">Australian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_heavy_metal" title="Australian heavy metal">Australian heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_heavy_metal" title="Bangladeshi heavy metal">Bangladeshi heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_thrash_metal" title="Bay Area thrash metal">Bay Area thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_heavy_metal" title="Canadian heavy metal">Canadian heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_heavy_metal" title="Chinese heavy metal">Chinese heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_death_metal" title="Florida death metal">Florida death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_metal" title="Hungarian metal">Hungarian metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_metal_music" title="Indigenous metal music">Indigenous metal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_metal" title="Japanese metal">Japanese metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_L%C3%A9gions_Noires" title="Les Légions Noires">Les Légions Noires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_American_heavy_metal" title="New wave of American heavy metal">New wave of American heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_British_heavy_metal" title="New wave of British heavy metal">New wave of British heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Early Norwegian black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_death_metal" title="Swedish death metal">Swedish death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_thrash_metal" title="Teutonic thrash metal">Teutonic thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_metal" title="Ukrainian metal">Ukrainian metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_subculture" title="Heavy metal subculture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_metal_bands" title="List of heavy metal bands">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_heavy_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmentalism in heavy metal">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion" title="Heavy metal fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_metal_festivals" title="List of heavy metal festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headbanging" title="Headbanging">Headbanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_subculture" title="Heavy metal subculture">Heavy metal subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_umlaut" title="Metal umlaut">Umlaut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Heavy_metal_music" title="Category:Heavy metal music">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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