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3 技术 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-技术-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关技术子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-技术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-电影" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#电影"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 电影 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-电影-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-电视" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#电视"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 电视 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-电视-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音乐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音乐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 音乐 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音乐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-音频CD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音频CD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 音频CD </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音频CD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-网络音乐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#网络音乐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 网络音乐 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-网络音乐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-电脑游戏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#电脑游戏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 电脑游戏 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-电脑游戏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-电子书" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#电子书"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 电子书 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-电子书-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-数字版权管理与文档" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数字版权管理与文档"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 数字版权管理与文档 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数字版权管理与文档-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水印" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水印"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 水印 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水印-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元数据" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元数据"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 元数据 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元数据-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 YouTube </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-複製新聞網站文字時自動加入原文連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#複製新聞網站文字時自動加入原文連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 複製新聞網站文字時自動加入原文連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-複製新聞網站文字時自動加入原文連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 法律 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-法律-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关法律子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-法律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-美国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 美国 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-欧盟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#欧盟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 欧盟 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-欧盟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-国际议题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#国际议题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 国际议题 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-国际议题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-争论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#争论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 争论 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-争论-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关争论子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-争论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DRM的反对者" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DRM的反对者"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 DRM的反对者 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DRM的反对者-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不含DRM（DRM-free）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不含DRM（DRM-free）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 不含DRM（DRM-free） </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不含DRM（DRM-free）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不可能的任务" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不可能的任务"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 不可能的任务 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不可能的任务-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-局限性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#局限性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 局限性 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-局限性-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关局限性子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-局限性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-绕过DRM的方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#绕过DRM的方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 绕过DRM的方法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-绕过DRM的方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-通用计算机平台上的DRM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#通用计算机平台上的DRM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 通用计算机平台上的DRM </div> </a> <ul id="toc-通用计算机平台上的DRM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定制硬件上的DRM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定制硬件上的DRM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 定制硬件上的DRM </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定制硬件上的DRM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水印_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水印_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.3 水印 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水印_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重放攻击" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重放攻击"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.4 重放攻击 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重放攻击-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-易被淘汰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#易被淘汰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 易被淘汰 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-易被淘汰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对道德与法规的影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对道德与法规的影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 对道德与法规的影响 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对道德与法规的影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-得不偿失" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#得不偿失"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 得不偿失 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-得不偿失-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他商业模式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他商业模式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 其他商业模式 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他商业模式-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关其他商业模式子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-其他商业模式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-易用和便宜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#易用和便宜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 易用和便宜 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-易用和便宜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-众筹和预购制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#众筹和预购制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 众筹和预购制 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-众筹和预购制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-数字产品作为宣传" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数字产品作为宣传"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 数字产品作为宣传 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数字产品作为宣传-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">数字版权管理</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。49种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إدارة الحقوق الرقمية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدارة الحقوق الرقمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99q%C9%99msal_h%C3%BCquqlar%C4%B1n_idar%C9%99_edilm%C9%99si" title="Rəqəmsal hüquqların idarə edilməsi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəqəmsal hüquqların idarə edilməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Технически средства за защита на авторски права – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Технически средства за защита на авторски права" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ডিজিটাল অধিকার ব্যবস্থাপনা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিজিটাল অধিকার ব্যবস্থাপনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Digital rights management" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesti%C3%B3_de_drets_digitals" title="Gestió de drets digitals – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gestió de drets digitals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Digital rights management" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Rights_Management" title="Digital Rights Management – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Digital Rights Management" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitale_Rechteverwaltung" title="Digitale Rechteverwaltung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Digitale Rechteverwaltung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Διαχείριση ψηφιακών δικαιωμάτων – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαχείριση ψηφιακών δικαιωμάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Digital rights management" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Digital rights management" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesti%C3%B3n_de_derechos_digitales" title="Gestión de derechos digitales – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gestión de derechos digitales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitaal%C3%B5iguste_haldamine" title="Digitaalõiguste haldamine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Digitaalõiguste haldamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskubide_digitalen_kudeaketa" title="Eskubide digitalen kudeaketa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskubide digitalen kudeaketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مدیریت حقوق دیجیتال – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدیریت حقوق دیجیتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4ytt%C3%B6oikeuksien_hallinta" title="Käyttöoikeuksien hallinta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyttöoikeuksien hallinta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestion_des_droits_num%C3%A9riques" title="Gestion des droits numériques – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gestion des droits numériques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bainist%C3%ADocht_ceart_digiteach" title="Bainistíocht ceart digiteach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bainistíocht ceart digiteach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xesti%C3%B3n_de_dereitos_dixitais" title="Xestión de dereitos dixitais – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xestión de dereitos dixitais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99" title="ניהול זכויות דיגיטלי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניהול זכויות דיגיטלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit%C3%A1lis_jogok_kezel%C3%A9se" title="Digitális jogok kezelése – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Digitális jogok kezelése" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manajemen_hak_digital" title="Manajemen hak digital – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manajemen hak digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/DRM" title="DRM – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="DRM" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestione_dei_diritti_digitali" title="Gestione dei diritti digitali – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gestione dei diritti digitali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%A8%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="デジタル著作権管理 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デジタル著作権管理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B6%8C%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC" title="디지털 권리 관리 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디지털 권리 관리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/DRM" title="DRM – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="DRM" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡിജിറ്റൽ റൈറ്റ്സ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡിജിറ്റൽ റൈറ്റ്സ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengurusan_hak_digital" title="Pengurusan hak digital – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengurusan hak digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Digital rights management" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rettsadministrasjon" title="Digital rettsadministrasjon – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Digital rettsadministrasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rettighetsadministrasjon" title="Digital rettighetsadministrasjon – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Digital rettighetsadministrasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarz%C4%85dzanie_prawami_cyfrowymi" title="Zarządzanie prawami cyfrowymi – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zarządzanie prawami cyfrowymi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gest%C3%A3o_de_direitos_digitais" title="Gestão de direitos digitais – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gestão de direitos digitais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestiunea_drepturilor_digitale" title="Gestiunea drepturilor digitale – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gestiunea drepturilor digitale" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Технические средства защиты авторских прав – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Технические средства защиты авторских прав" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Digital rights management" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Digital rights management" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upravljanje_pravic_digitalnih_vsebin" title="Upravljanje pravic digitalnih vsebin – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Upravljanje pravic digitalnih vsebin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Rights_Management" title="Digital Rights Management – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Digital Rights Management" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்முறை உரிமைகள் முகாமைத்துவம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்முறை உரிமைகள் முகாமைத்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="การจัดการสิทธิดิจิทัล – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การจัดการสิทธิดิจิทัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijital_haklar_y%C3%B6netimi" title="Dijital haklar yönetimi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dijital haklar yönetimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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data-noteta-code="zh-cn:众筹;zh-hant:群眾募資;"></div></div></div> 数字版权管理（英語：Digital rights management，縮寫為DRM）是一系列<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="访问控制">访问控制</a>技术<a href="#cite_note-act11-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-act2-2">[2]</a>，通常用于控制数字内容和设备在被销售之后的使用过程<a href="#cite_note-Ross-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WillStep-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>。DRM有时也称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="复制保护">拷贝保护</a>、复制控制、技术保护措施等，但这些稱呼存在争议<a href="#cite_note-:0-6">[6]</a>。许多数字出版社和软件厂商都使用了DRM，例如<a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">亞馬遜</a>、<a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>、<a href="/wiki/AOL" class="mw-redirect" title="AOL">AOL</a>、<a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>、<a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>、<a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>、<a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="微軟">微軟</a>、<a href="/wiki/Sony" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony">Sony</a>、<a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Valve Corporation">Valve Corporation</a>（以及其旗下的<a href="/wiki/Steam" title="Steam">Steam</a>）等。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡介">簡介</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：簡介">编辑</a>]</div> DRM控制带版权作品的使用、更改和分发，适用于软件、系统、音乐、电影等多媒体内容。<a href="#cite_note-:0-6">[6]</a> DRM的使用存在争议。支持者认为和私有财产需要用锁来防止盗窃一样，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%B4%A2%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="知识财产">知识产权</a>也需要DRM来防止未授权使用<a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a>，保护<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%AC%8A" title="著作權">著作权</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>并确保可持续的收入流<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>。反对者则认为DRM无法有效阻止侵权，反而會造成正版用户不便，同时还可能使大公司阻碍竞争和创新。<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>另外，一旦DRM提供商停止服务，使用DRM技術的产品很可能再也無法使用。<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>DRM还可以用来限制用户合法权益，包括制作备份、出借给图书馆、使用公有领域作品、研究学习等<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8" title="合理使用">合理使用</a>。<a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="电子边界基金会">电子边界基金会</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="自由软件基金会">自由软件基金会</a>都认为DRM是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA" title="反竞争行为">反竞争行为</a>。<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>自由软件基金会还建议把DRM这一缩写解释为「数字限制管理」（Digital Restrictions Management），因为「<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%AC%8A" title="著作權">著作權</a>」（rights）一词容易让人误解。<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> 国际上，许多国家通过法律禁止绕过DRM，同时也禁止开发和传播相关工具、讨论相关方法和技巧。美国的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%E6%AC%8A%E6%B3%95" title="數字千年版權法">数字千年版权法案</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>和欧盟的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_Directive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copyright Directive（页面不存在）">2001/29/EC版权指令</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>中都包含这些条款。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> 随着数字媒体的普及，版权持有者开始担忧他们所处行业的命运，特别是在音乐和电影领域。基于<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F" title="模擬信號">模拟信号</a>的传统媒體在复制时会出现无法避免的失真，而基于<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7" title="数字信号">数字信号</a>的媒體文件则可以无损复制無數次。個人電腦的出現，以及網際網路和文件分享工具的流行，使得<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88" title="盗版">盗版</a>日益普遍。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> 1983年，日本工程师Ryoichi Mori设计了早期的DRM系统，称为软件服务系统（SSS）<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>，之后的改进版又被命名为超级分发（superdistribution）。SSS基于密码学技术，由专门的硬件负责解密。在其设计理念中，不但不限制分发数字产品的加密版，反而会鼓励用户进行分享。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="技术">技术</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：技术">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="电影">电影</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：电影">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/DVD%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" title="DVD论坛">DVD论坛</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E6%93%BE%E4%BA%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="內容擾亂系統">内容扰乱系统</a>是一个早期的DRM系统。它使用简单的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="加密">加密算法</a>，制作DVD播放器的厂商必须获得授权在产品中实现此技术，然后才能解密并播放DVD中的加密内容。授权条款规定了播放DVD内容的方式，包括输出信号的格式和方式，以保证在电视上播放时视频的加密不受破坏。 1999年，<a href="/wiki/Jon_Lech_Johansen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jon Lech Johansen">Jon Lech Johansen</a>发布了<a href="/wiki/DeCSS" title="DeCSS">DeCSS</a>，一个在Linux系统上播放加密DVD的程序。当时Linux系统上还没有获得授权的DVD播放器，DeCSS的合法性也遭争议——开发者卷入了官司，分发密钥则受“<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%B3%AA%E6%95%B8" title="非法質數">非法质数</a>”限制。<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> 同样是在1999年，微软发布了<a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Media_DRM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windows Media DRM（页面不存在）">WMDRM</a>，用于执行媒体文件包含的DRM指令，限制用户对媒体文件的使用。<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>这些DRM指令可以指定文件的播放次数、是否能被备份或转发。<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>后续的WMDRM可以限制用户在设备之间传输文件<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>，实现了文件在过期后就无法再播放的订阅式服务，还实现了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6" title="區域限制">区域限制</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Ross-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>系统内嵌的DRM系统名为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84" title="受保护媒体路径">受保护媒体路径</a>，其中包含了受保护视频路径（PVP）。当有未签名的软件运行时，PVP會停止播放使用DRM的影片，以阻止未知软件获取内容。另外，PVP可以加密向显示器或显卡传输的信息，让转录更加困难。 <a href="/wiki/AACS" title="AACS">高级内容访问系统</a>（Advanced Access Content System, AACS）是一个用于高清DVD和蓝光盘的DRM系统。它由AACS LA联盟开发，成员包括包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="迪士尼">迪士尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/Intel" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel">Intel</a>、微軟、<a href="/wiki/Panasonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="華納兄弟">華納兄弟</a>、<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%8A%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="東芝">東芝</a>和<a href="/wiki/Sony" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony">Sony</a>。2006年12月，黑客在网上发布了一个密钥，可用于不受限地访问受AACS保护的高清DVD。<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>在密钥被撤销之后，黑客又发布了更多的破解密钥。<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="电视">电视</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：电视">编辑</a>]</div> 美国的电视提供商用CableCARD标准来控制用户可以收看的内容。 2001年，福克斯公司建立了广播标记位的概念，并受到了<a href="/wiki/MPAA" class="mw-redirect" title="MPAA">美国电影协会</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="联邦通信委员会">美国联邦通信委员会</a>的支持。根据广播标记位的要求，电视机需要遵守一系列的流媒体技术规格，并由此判断是否应该允许对流媒体进行录制。这可能阻碍合理使用的应用，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B3%E7%A7%BB" title="時光平移">时光平移</a>。广播标记位后续又被<a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a>采用，一个开发新数字电视标准的联盟，成员来自大约35个国家，包括约250个广播公司、制造商、网络运行商、软件开发者和管理机构。2005年5月，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国联邦上诉法院">美国联邦上诉法院</a>作出判决，认为联邦通信委员会没有权力强制美国电视行业采用广播标记位。 DVB-CPCM工作组开发了广播标记位的后续版本，并在2007年3月将技术标准稿提交到了欧盟政府。和大多数DRM一样，CPCM意欲让版权所有者控制用户使用版权作品的方式。付费加入联盟的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%89%8D%E5%93%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="电子前哨基金会">电子前哨基金会</a>雇员Ren Bucholz表示，“你甚至无法提前知道否能录制或者用特定方式使用某个程序或设备。”<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>DVB指导委员会已经批准了候选稿，将由欧洲电信标准协会作为欧盟正式标准ETSI TS 102 825-X（X代指稿件号）发布。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音乐">音乐</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：音乐">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="音频CD">音频CD</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：音频CD">编辑</a>]</div> 使用DRM的光盘不符合<a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a>标准，只能称为<a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>媒体。因此，它们都沒有获得<a href="/wiki/CDDA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDDA">CDDA</a>红皮书认证，光盘上也没有CD商标。这些光盘不能在所有CD播放器上使用，在运行Windows系统的个人电脑上播放时甚至可能会导致崩溃。<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> 2005年，<a href="/wiki/SONY_BMG" class="mw-redirect" title="SONY BMG">SONY BMG</a>推出新的DRM技术，并未在安装时明确告知用户或征求同意。除此之外，安装的软件包还含有严重漏洞的<a href="/wiki/Rootkit" title="Rootkit">Rootkit</a>。当这些情况被公开后，SONY BMG最初尝试了减小软件漏洞造成的影响，然而最终不得不召回数以百万的光盘，又发布了数个补丁来修改这个附加软件，至少是移除了其中的Rootkit。SONY受到了数轮<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%89%E8%AE%BC" title="集体诉讼">集体诉讼</a>，最终以庭外和解告终，向受影响的消费者提供现金补偿或无DRM的音乐下载。<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> 其实SONY的DRM软件限制复制的能力很有限，只能控制Windows上的播放，而在其他设备上则没有作用。即使在Windows平台上，用户也可以绕过限制。在SONY的DRM技术带有严重漏洞的同时，其组件可以通过一些操作简单地绕过，例如在插入光盘时按住shift，或者直接禁用<a href="/wiki/AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a>功能。此外，完全可以借助模拟漏洞在播放音乐时重新转录，直接绕过DRM的限制。SONY首两次为从用户电脑中移除软件而发布的补丁都失败了。 2007年1月，<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87" class="mw-disambig" title="百代唱片">百代唱片</a>停止出版带有DRM的CD，表示“使用DRM得不偿失。”<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>在百代之后，SONY BMG成为最后一个废止DRM的公司，从此最大的四家商业唱片公司都不再发布带DRM的CD。<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="网络音乐">网络音乐</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：网络音乐">编辑</a>]</div> 许多在线音乐商店都使用DRM来限制售出音乐的下载和播放： <ul><li>在2009年之前，苹果的iTunes使用FairPlay DRM系统。苹果不允许其他公司使用这款DRM，因此只有苹果的设备可以播放iTunes的音乐。<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>2007年5月，百代唱片以更高的售价开始销售使用iTunes+格式的音乐，提供了更好的音质（256 kbps）并且没有使用DRM。2007年10月，iTunes+音乐的价格跌至$0.99。<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>2009年4月，所有的iTunes音乐放弃使用DRM。</li></ul> <ul><li>纳普斯特音乐公司提供了一种基于认购接近DRM的永久购置。订购服务的用户可以下载以及无限制的将音乐转成<a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a>格式。但是一旦订购的期限到期，下载的所有音乐在重新付费前将不能播放。纳普斯特还收取想在移动设备上播放音乐的用户每个月5美元的费用。此外，纳普斯特还给用户提供了一个选项，即每首歌额外交0.99美元从而可以刻录在CD上。从纳普斯特购买的音乐可以播放在带有<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PlaysForSure" title="Microsoft PlaysForSure">Microsoft PlaysForSure</a>标志的播放器上。在2009年6月，纳普斯特推出了DRM可以在iPhone和iPod上播放的MP3音乐。</li></ul> <ul><li>另一家音乐下载商店，沃尔玛音乐下载，每首音轨下载收取0.94美元。所有从沃尔玛下载的音乐都可以播放在带有Windows PlaysForSure商标的播放器上。它可以在例如美国<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9F%E7%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="晟碟">晟碟</a>的Sansa MP3播放器上播放，但必须事先将音乐拷贝到播放器的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98" class="mw-disambig" title="内存">内存</a>上。它不能直接播放<a href="/wiki/SD%E5%8D%A1" title="SD卡">SD卡</a>卡槽上的音乐，这对有MP3播放器经验的人来说是个麻烦。</li></ul> <ul><li>SONY运营的在线音乐下载服务叫做Connect，使用的是SONY的OpenMG DRM技术。从这里下载的音乐只可以在Windows下和SONY的机器上播放。</li></ul> <ul><li>Kazaa是少有的几个提供定价模式的收费服务。然而，从Kazaa网站上下载的音乐是受DRM保护的，只能在运行Windows Media Player的电脑和移动设备上播放，并且必须持续在Kazaa上订购。</li></ul> 这几款服务虽然使用同一DRM系统，但目前并不能协同使用。几乎所有的都需要客户端，有些还需要<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6" title="插件">插件</a>。 尽管DRM在网络音乐中非常普遍，像eMusic、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogmazic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogmazic（页面不存在）">Dogmazic</a>（<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2744522#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q2744522">其他語言</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="亞馬遜公司">亚马逊</a>、<a href="/wiki/Beatport" title="Beatport">Beatport</a>等在线音乐商店不使用DRM，并且鼓励人们分享音乐。另有一些在线销售商，例如Xiie.net，只卖不出名的艺术家的音乐，并鼓励人们分享在网站上购买的音乐以提高艺术家的知名度。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="电脑游戏">电脑游戏</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：电脑游戏">编辑</a>]</div> 电脑游戏有时会使用DRM技术，强制要求通过在线服务器进行认证，以限制可以安装该游戏的操作系统数量。受此限制的游戏大多只允许安装3到5个副本，有的游戏被卸载后会恢复该数量。这不但限制了家里拥有超过3到5台电脑的用户，还存在其他问题，如果用户意外执行了某种DRM所依赖的操作，例如操作系统升级或者电脑硬盘格式化，重新安装该游戏都会导致认证服务器认为这是一次新的安装，从而减少用户对该游戏的的可安装次数，导致即使是在同一台计算机上也会无法进行安装。 2008年中期，《<a href="/wiki/Mass_Effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass Effect">Mass Effect</a>》的出版标志着使用<a href="/wiki/SecuROM" title="SecuROM">SecuROM</a>实现DRM和要求通过在线服务器认证潮流的开始。2008年《<a href="/wiki/Spore" class="mw-redirect" title="Spore">孢子</a>》使用DRM却形成了相反的效果，最终导致大量用户转而寻求盗版。对3个激活认证的强烈抵制情绪，使得在当年由《<a href="/wiki/Spore" class="mw-redirect" title="Spore">孢子</a>》和《<a href="/w/index.php?title=TorrentFreak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TorrentFreak（页面不存在）">TorrentFreak</a>》等组成的TOP 10中，《<a href="/wiki/Spore" class="mw-redirect" title="Spore">孢子</a>》成为被盗版最严重的游戏。<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> 在08年后半段到09年前半段，大部分的主流游戏继续依赖于基于在线认证的DRM，这包括了“<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%89%BA%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="美国艺电">美国艺电</a>”（EA）、“<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%B2%E7%A2%A7%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="育碧软件">育碧软件</a>”。在2010年5月早期，因为大约5%的玩家的游戏被锁，<a href="/wiki/Uplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Uplay">Uplay</a>服务在一段时期遭到了大规模的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="拒绝服务攻击">拒绝服务攻击</a>。 <a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>公司之后允许受到影响的用户免费下载，但随即停止了。<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="电子书">电子书</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：电子书">编辑</a>]</div> 在电脑上或电子书阅读器上看的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="电子书">电子书</a>是一种典型的、使用DRM来限制复制打印和分享的应用<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>。电子书一般会限制放在一定数量的阅读器上，而一些电子出版商则禁止复制或者打印行为。一些评论员相信DRM是使电子书出版困难的原因之一。<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> 现有的主流电子书格式有四种：<a href="/wiki/Mobipocket" title="Mobipocket">Mobipocket</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Topaz_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topaz (disambiguation)（页面不存在）">Topaz</a>、<a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">ePub</a>和<a href="/wiki/PDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>。亚马逊的Kindle使用Mobipocket和Topaz并且也支持原PDF格式的电子书和文件。其他的电子书阅读器大部分使用<a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">ePub</a>格式，但是与DRM不同。 两款阅读软件是<a href="/wiki/Adobe_Reader" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Reader">Adobe Reader</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Reader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microsoft Reader（页面不存在）">Microsoft Reader</a>。<a href="#cite_note-kcoyle2003-37">[37]</a>每款软件使用的都和DRM有轻微的不同。初代的Adobe Acrobat电子书阅读器使用的加密技术是5.05版的。在之后的6.0版中，PDF阅读技术和电子书阅读相结合，使得它可以同时阅读受DRM保护的和自由文件。<a href="#cite_note-kcoyle2003-37">[37]</a>在打开文件后，用户可以阅读权限说明。然而，在更高限制的电子书中，用户还是不能打印书籍或者拷贝或粘贴章节。<a href="#cite_note-kcoyle2003-37">[37]</a>限制的等级由出版商和中介来确定。<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> 在一个DRM的实例中，引起了出版商和用户之间的裂缝。在给了用户一些赔偿金后，亚马逊网站从用户的电脑上删除了已经购买了的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·奥威尔">乔治·奥威尔</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="一九八四">1984</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%BA%84%E5%9B%AD" title="动物庄园">动物庄园</a>》的复制版。<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>这种行为被广泛的称之为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="歐威爾主義">欧威尔主义</a>，甚至提到了《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="一九八四">1984</a>》中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="独裁者">独裁者</a>。<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="数字版权管理与文档">数字版权管理与文档</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：数字版权管理与文档">编辑</a>]</div> 企业数字版权管理（Enterprise Digital Rights Management；簡稱E-DRM或ERM）指使用DRM技术來控制公司内部文档的使用，而不是供消费者使用的可播放媒体。这项技术通常需要一台<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="策略服务器（页面不存在）">策略服务器</a>（Policy Server）来针对特定文档进行使用者鉴权。EDRM的提供商包括微軟、<a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">Adobe</a>、<a href="/wiki/EMC" class="mw-disambig" title="EMC">EMC</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Authentica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Authentica（页面不存在）">Authentica</a>以及很多小型私人公司。 DRM曾经用于像<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="大英图书馆">大英图书馆</a>的安全电子送货服务的组织，运行世界各地阅读大量的稀有文件。因为一些法律因素，在此之前，只能去英国波士顿斯帕的图书馆文档中心得到授权的个人才能阅读这些文章。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水印">水印</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：水印">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E6%B5%AE%E6%B0%B4%E5%8D%B0" title="數位浮水印">數位水印</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF" title="隐写术">隐写</a>在视频或音频数据中的數位訊息，可以用于记录版权持有者、发行商、分发渠道、购买者等信息。 水印自身并不算是完整的DRM机制。比起直接的技术限制，水印可以保留用于司法程序的证据，帮助版权持有者进行维权。一些程序可以干扰水印，信号调幅器的色层分析也可能从原音频中识别出水印并将其分离出来。当有两份不同来源的副本时，通常可以用自制算法检测出水印。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元数据">元数据</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：元数据">编辑</a>]</div> 有时，文件中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="元数据">元数据</a>包含了消费者的信息，例如姓名、账号信息、电子邮件地址等。这些信息没有像水印一样分开嵌入到视频或音频中，而是在文件中单独存储。例如苹果iTunes的音乐和视频就包含了元数据，这些数据作为MPEG标准元数据存储在文件中。<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube">YouTube</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：YouTube">编辑</a>]</div> YouTube為保障各創作者的權益，以及音樂與電影產業避免因再上傳而被數位侵權，故此，就推行以下制式以防濫用。現時YouTube除填表方式投訴之外，設有以下版權管理工具： Copyright Match Tool Content ID 內容驗證計劃 雖然有這些工具有助保障版權，但可能有濫用版權管理及申訴功能，因此，YouTube會規管使用者的作為，如發現濫用等不恰當情形會被終止使用權、停權或法律責任。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="複製新聞網站文字時自動加入原文連結">複製新聞網站文字時自動加入原文連結</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：複製新聞網站文字時自動加入原文連結">编辑</a>]</div> 有些新聞網站當使用者使用該網站的文字內容時，將於貼上期間自動加入連結，例如香港的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF01" title="香港01">香港01</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="東網">東網</a>，以及其他討論區網站等。目的是為了保護原文版權，並在引用文章時自動作出<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%B2%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="署名">署名</a>，以確保尊重作者權益。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法律">法律</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：法律">编辑</a>]</div> 根据1996年WIPO版权条约，条约的签署国需要立法禁止绕过DRM，而大部分WIPO成员国都实行了此类法规。 美国实行了<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="数字千年版权法">数字千年版权法</a>（DMCA），而欧洲则在2001年通过了欧洲版权指令，要求欧盟国家提供对技术防范手段的法律保护。2006年，法国下议院在有争议的信息时代著作权法案（DADVSI）中加入了类似的法规，其中对DRM<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%A7" title="互操作性">互操作性</a>的要求还在美国引起了争议。<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>同年，法国高院做出判决，在法国版权法下不得对个人私下制作备份的行为进行阻碍。<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美国">美国</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：美国">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="数字千年版权法">数字千年版权法</a></div> 1998年5月14日，美国通过版权修正案《数字千年版权法》（DMCA），把绕过DRM的行为列为犯罪。 法案的保护港条例特别允许了对现存系统的逆向工程，但只在为达成软件互操作性的必要情况下有效。<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>在遇到类似<a href="/wiki/DeCSS" title="DeCSS">DeCSS</a>的开源软件时，法案中隐藏的一个问题便显得难以解决，造成案件判决很大程度上取决于当事人的主观意图。当事人主观意图为改善开源系统和专有系统之间的互操作性时，破解加密系统的行为受到法律保护<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>，反之则反<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>。 DMCA在很多情况下无法保护DRM系统。<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>但是，希望保护DRM的一方曾尝试用法案来限制DeCSS这类软件的开发和分发。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="欧盟">欧盟</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：欧盟">编辑</a>]</div> 在2007年4月25日，欧洲议会支持来自欧盟的旨在成员国内统一刑法的第一指令。它采用了与滥用权限作斗争来统一国家政策的初审报告。如果欧洲议会与委员会同意立法，那么成员国将必须考虑以商业为目的的违法版权行为。报告提供了很多建议：根据犯罪程度，从罚款到监禁都有。欧盟成员国在修改了部分内容后支持了委员会的决议。他们排除了部分指令的专利权并且决定只处罚以商业为目的的版权侵犯。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="国际议题">国际议题</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：国际议题">编辑</a>]</div> 欧洲有一系列活跃的对话机制，借此尝试建立对此类问题的共识： <ul><li>2001年1月，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="万维网联盟">万维网联盟</a>（W3C）的DRM研讨会。<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li>2003年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲标准化委员会（页面不存在）">欧洲标准化委员会</a>/信息社会标准化系统（CEN/ISSS）的DRM报告早期建议征求。<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>信息安全和媒体常规董事会的DRM工作小组，同样的DRM为高层组织工作的工作。<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li>欧洲委员会的磋商，国防内部市场，欧洲委员会在“版权与相关权利的管理”上的通讯（闭幕）。<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>在欧洲，INDICARE工程是一项持续进行的关于用户接受DRM解决方法的调研。这是一个开发的、中立的、用于交互意见的平台，大多来自科学界作家的文章和实践。</li> <li>欧洲委员会FP6内部的AXMEDIS工程。其主要目的是自动化内容生产、复制保护和分发的过程，减少相关费用，协调并支持DRM在B2B和B2C领域的应用。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="争论">争论</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：争论">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DRM的反对者">DRM的反对者</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：DRM的反对者">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DRM_Is_Killing_Music.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/DRM_Is_Killing_Music.svg/190px-DRM_Is_Killing_Music.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/DRM_Is_Killing_Music.svg/285px-DRM_Is_Killing_Music.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/DRM_Is_Killing_Music.svg/380px-DRM_Is_Killing_Music.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption>Home Taping Is Killing Music图标的一个简易模仿。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DRM_protest_Boston_DefectiveByDesign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DRM_protest_Boston_DefectiveByDesign.jpg/220px-DRM_protest_Boston_DefectiveByDesign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DRM_protest_Boston_DefectiveByDesign.jpg/330px-DRM_protest_Boston_DefectiveByDesign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DRM_protest_Boston_DefectiveByDesign.jpg/440px-DRM_protest_Boston_DefectiveByDesign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>“设计式缺陷”（Defective by Design）的成员在反对DRM。</figcaption></figure> 许多组织、个人和计算机科学家都反对DRM。两位著名的DRM反对者，其一是约翰·沃克，就像他的著作《数字出版许可》中说的那样：“到底要多强大的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="老大哥">老大哥</a>和媒体才能把这个因特网魔鬼塞回瓶子里呢？（How big brother and big media can put the Internet genie back in the bottle）”<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a>另一位是理查德·斯托曼，曾在著作《阅读权利》<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>中主张：“DRM是典型的恶意功能——这个功能设计时就是为了伤害它的用户，因此我们绝不能容忍。”<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a>其他著名的反对者包括在英国建立了反DRM组织的剑桥大学教授罗斯·安德森，在微软园区发表演讲批判DRM的作家科利·多克托罗<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>。 自由信息构架基金会认为DRM是<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="自由贸易">自由贸易</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E5%A3%81%E5%9E%92" class="mw-redirect" title="贸易壁垒">贸易壁垒</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%89%8D%E5%93%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="电子前哨基金会">电子前哨基金会</a>和FreeCulture.org也对DRM持反对意见。 <a href="/wiki/GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU通用公共许可证">GNU通用公共许可证</a>的第三章声明了版权法的反破解条款不适用于GPL软件，因此用户可以随意修改GPL软件中的限制而不用担心违反类似DMCA的版权法。<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>在2006年5月，自由软件基金会展开了一项名为“<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7" title="设计式缺陷">设计式缺陷</a>”（Defective by Design）的反对DRM活动。<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E4%BD%9C%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="创作共用">创作共用</a>提供授权支持不使用DRM的创造性工作<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> 。 比尔盖茨在06年的CES上发表关于DRM的演讲。根据他所说，DRM不应出于现在的位置上，区分合法与非法给合法用户造成了困扰。<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> 许多DRM的反对者认为把DRM称为“数字版权管理”（“digital rights management”）用词不当。<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> 2007年，挪威消费者权益组织“Forbrukerrådet”发起了针对苹果公司的投诉。因为iPod和iTunes所使用的DRM，苹果公司被控告非法限制用户使用音频和视频，违反了挪威的消费者保护法。瑞典和丹麦的消费者申诉专员支持了这项控告。类似的，美国联邦贸易委员会在2009年3月开展了听证会，调查商家关于DRM限制的告知情况。<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> DRM的使用对未来的历史学家也是一个困扰。随着科技的一步步发展，解读数据只能通过特定的机器、密钥或时期才能进行，这可能会使未来数据的解读工作无法进行。 反对者认为，DRM影响了合法用户对产品的正常使用，侵犯了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E8%B4%A2%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="私有财产">私有财产</a>权。DRM系统控制用户使用设备和软件的方式，施加违反用户意愿的限制，侵犯了用户对自己设备的处置权。Doctorow将其类比为“给予版权商编写版权法的权力”。<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="不含DRM（DRM-free）">不含DRM（DRM-free）</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：不含DRM（DRM-free）">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DRM-free_label.en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/DRM-free_label.en.svg/220px-DRM-free_label.en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/DRM-free_label.en.svg/330px-DRM-free_label.en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/DRM-free_label.en.svg/440px-DRM-free_label.en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption>自由软件基金会提出的DRM-free标志</figcaption></figure> 作为消费者反对DRM的回应，许多出版商和艺术家将“不含DRM”（DRM-free）作为卖点宣传。这么做的公司包括： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="蘋果公司">苹果公司</a>的<a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a>音乐商店。虽然在2003年发布时使用了DRM，但从2007年4月开始提供不含DRM的音乐，并且2009年1月后销售的所有音乐都不再使用DRM。<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>音乐中依然带有用来识别购买者的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E6%B5%AE%E6%B0%B4%E5%8D%B0" title="數位浮水印">数字水印</a>。<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>iTunes的其他商品，如电影、电视节目、铃声和有声读物等，则继续使用DRM。<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>ComiXology，Amazon旗下的电子漫画分发商。在2014年，ComiXology向出版商提供了不使用DRM进行分发的选项。选择不使用DRM的出版商包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E5%83%8F%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="映像漫画公司">映像漫画</a>、Dynamite Entertainment、Thrillbent、Top Shelf Productions、Zenescope Entertainment等。<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOG.com" title="GOG.com">GOG.com</a>，2008年成立的电脑游戏分发商。不同于大多数分发商，GOG.com要求上架其商店的游戏必须不含DRM。<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>Tor Books，大型科幻小说出版社。从2012年7月开始销售不含DRM的电子书。<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>例如Baen Books和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E8%90%8A%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="歐萊禮">O'Reilly Media</a>这样的小型出版社则之前就在销售不含DRM的电子书。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="不可能的任务">不可能的任务</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：不可能的任务">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E5%A5%88%E7%88%BE" title="布魯斯·施奈爾">布鲁斯·施奈尔</a>曾表示防备数字拷贝行为是无用的，并且声称这是不可能的任务。他说：“娱乐界在试图用科技来对抗自然规律。他们想通过提高复制的难度来保护现有的产业，但是他们注定会失败。”<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a>他还曾经将防止数字文件拷贝这种行为比作“让水不湿”。<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/StarForce" title="StarForce">StarForce</a>的创始人也持同样的观点，声称“防止拷贝的结果不会使得游戏不可破解——这是不可能的。”<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="维尔福">维尔福软件公司</a>的董事长<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E7%BA%BD%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="加布·纽维尔">加布·纽维尔</a>也说：“大部分的DRM都是哑巴”因为他们只能减少游戏在玩家眼里的价值。纽维尔建议通过“以服务价值为用户创造价值”来与这种盗版行为作斗争。<a href="#cite_note-test-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="计算机协会">计算机协会</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="电气电子工程师学会">电气电子工程师学会</a>也都曾反对DRM，即使是像<a href="/wiki/AACS" title="AACS">AACS</a>这样的技术也“几乎失败”了。<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="局限性">局限性</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：局限性">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="绕过DRM的方法">绕过DRM的方法</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：绕过DRM的方法">编辑</a>]</div> 对于音频和视频，有很多种方法可以绕过數位版权的控制。 一个简单的绕开音频文件DRM的方法就是用CD烧录软件把CD音频拷贝到硬盘上，转为无DRM的文件。这只可能用在播放这些DRM限制音频的软件允许CD烧录的情况。一些软件产品简化并自动化了复制和刻录的过程，通过许可用户复制音乐到CD或者虚拟光驱，然后自动刻录和编码音乐、并且循环直到所有被选择的音乐都转换完成，而不是强迫用户每次都要对整个CD（72-80分钟的音乐）进行一次操作。 许多软件已经被开发为可以拦截从DRM受限的文件中解码出来的数据流并构建成无DRM的文件。这类软件需要一个解密密钥。像这种为DVD、HD DVD和蓝光碟做事的软件本身都包含通用解密密钥。然而，为TiVo ToGo录音、iTunes音频、和PlaysForSure歌曲做同样的事的软件却依赖于用户自己的密钥——也就是说，他们只能处理用户在自己账户下合法得到的内容。 另外一种方法是利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E" title="模拟漏洞">模拟漏洞</a>，用软件来捕获显卡或声卡中的信息，或者直接使用硬件设备在输出口进行录制。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="通用计算机平台上的DRM">通用计算机平台上的DRM</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：通用计算机平台上的DRM">编辑</a>]</div> 目前使用的DRM系统，很多都是为通用计算机硬件设计的，比如台式PC显然就是因为它很适合用来防止未经许可的拷贝所产生的损失。大型商务保护侵害人避免消费者设备<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a>，所以由这类侵害人导致的损失不受这样的规定覆盖。 这类方案，尤其是其中基于软件的，既然软件必须包含解密内容所需的所有信息比如<a href="/w/index.php?title=Key_(cryptography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Key (cryptography)（页面不存在）">decryption keys</a>（解密密钥），就不可能完全安全。攻击者可以提取出这些信息，直接解密和拷贝那些绕开了限制条款的内容。<a href="#cite_note-Doctorow-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="定制硬件上的DRM">定制硬件上的DRM</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：定制硬件上的DRM">编辑</a>]</div> 很多DRM方案使用的加密媒体需要定制的硬件来视听内容。这是为了确保只有得到许可的用户（使用这些硬件的用户）才能得到这些内容。此外它还尝试保护秘密的加密密钥不被系统用户得到。 当这一系列原则运作的时候，的确很难构建出硬件防止秘密密钥被很坚决的对手发现。很多这样的系统都在这一领域失败了。一旦秘密的密钥被知道，不作出检查，而构建新版本的硬件通常是相当简单的。此外，用户验证规定经常受攻击，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirate_decryption&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirate decryption（页面不存在）">pirate decryption</a>是其中受攻击最频繁的。 一个普通的真实世界的例子可以在金融<a href="/w/index.php?title=Direct_broadcast_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direct broadcast satellite（页面不存在）">direct broadcast satellite</a>电视台找到，比如<a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a>和马来西亚的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astro_(satellite_TV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astro (satellite TV)（页面不存在）">Astro</a>。他们公司使用防止包装拆封的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="智能卡">智能卡</a>来存储解密密钥，如此便可向用户和卫星接收器隐藏。然而，该系统已经损坏了，DirecTV已经被迫不再为他它的智能卡定期更新和替换。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="水印_2">水印</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：水印">编辑</a>]</div> 这是很典型的情况，水印可以被去掉，尽管会发生视频或音频的降级情况。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="重放攻击">重放攻击</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：重放攻击">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%94%BE%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB" title="重放攻击">重放攻击</a></div> 类比密码学的重放攻击，对数字副本进行重分发其实并不需要破解DRM的加密，只要复制出完全相同的副本即可。例如加密过的光盘可以通过网络传输，重新刻录后再用合法的播放器观看。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="易被淘汰">易被淘汰</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：易被淘汰">编辑</a>]</div> 技术标准或者格式变更时，受DRM限制的内容可能无法转换为新的媒体就此失效，比如微软推出的新播放器Zune就不支持微软曾采用的DRM机制，无法播放使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlaysForSure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PlaysForSure（页面不存在）">PlaysForSure</a>的音乐。<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>此外，要求联机认证的DRM还可能遇到服务器不可用的问题，例如2007年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="美國職棒大聯盟">美國職棒大聯盟</a>（mlb.com）在更改验证许可服务时，用户购买的2006赛季付费视频全部无法播放。<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>公司业务重组后，被抛弃的业务也可能会出现内容过期不再可用的情况，例子包括亚马逊电子书<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>、MSN音乐<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a>、雅虎音乐商店<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>等。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对道德与法规的影响">对道德与法规的影响</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：对道德与法规的影响">编辑</a>]</div> EFF指出，“为了吸引客户，音乐服务商用精打细算的营销来遮掩他们强加于客户的限制。”<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> 关于DRM的法律很少被严格执行。根据澳大利亚官方音乐排行调查，有数百万人参与过各种侵权行为。<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="得不偿失">得不偿失</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：得不偿失">编辑</a>]</div> 微软事业部前部长Jeff Raikes曾表示：“如果有谁想破解软件的话，更希望我们是被破解的那一个，而不是别人。”<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>Kathleen Conner和Richard Rummelt在一篇论文里也给出了相似的论点。<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>在后续研究中，Gal Oestreicher-Singer和Arun Sundararajan指出放开DRM限制能让数字版权拥有者受益，因为更多合法用户带来的增值超过了盗版带来的损失。<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他商业模式">其他商业模式</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：其他商业模式">编辑</a>]</div> 有数个商业模式被认为可以用来代替目前的商业模式，降低业界使用DRM的需求。<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="易用和便宜">易用和便宜</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：易用和便宜">编辑</a>]</div> 改善正版产品的易用性并提高性价比是防止盗版的首选方法。使用下载网站获取盗版并不方便，搜索和下载都需要付出时间和精力，还要承受感染病毒的风险。<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>如果有合法、用户友好的商店提供价格合理的正版，用户就会摒弃非法下载换取便利。<a href="#cite_note-#1-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="众筹和预购制">众筹和预购制</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：众筹和预购制">编辑</a>]</div> 2012年2月，<a href="/wiki/Double_Fine_Productions" title="Double Fine Productions">Double Fine Productions</a>在<a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a>上以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E7%9C%BE%E5%8B%9F%E8%B3%87" title="群眾募資">众筹</a>的形式为游戏《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E7%A2%8E%E6%99%82%E5%85%89" title="破碎時光">破碎時光</a>》筹款，并承诺众筹者可以获取不含DRM的游戏。<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>在45天内，众筹项目就达到了目标额度$40,0000，最后更是超出目标额200多万美元。<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a>这次众筹以不使用DRM作为卖点，获取了消费者和媒体的支持，由此平衡了盗版造成的损失。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a>在这种预购式的众筹中，厂商不再需要担心销售额收不抵支，减少了使用DRM的动机。继《破碎时光》的成功之后，许多游戏采取了众筹的商业模式，其中大部分游戏都没有使用DRM。<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="数字产品作为宣传">数字产品作为宣传</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：数字产品作为宣传">编辑</a>]</div> 许多歌手通过在网上发布音乐来提升知名度。这些歌曲都可以在网上免费下载，希望听众在感兴趣后会购买新唱片或参加演唱会。<a href="#cite_note-#1-91">[91]</a>目前的业界惯例是在网上免费发布专辑中的一两首歌，剩余的则只在唱片中提供。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a>2007年，<a href="/wiki/Radiohead" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>乐队在网上发布专辑《Rainbows》，歌迷可以在网上随意下载歌曲。<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; 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WILEY. [2014-04-03]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110226114349/http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/book.html">存档</a>于2011-02-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=22%3A+Copyright+and+DRM&rft.btitle=Security+Engineering&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=WILEY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2F~rja14%2Fbook.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-WillStep-4"><a href="#cite_ref-WillStep_4-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">The Changing Attitude Toward DRM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205094540/http://www.giantstepsmts.com/digitalrightsbookpreface.htm">Digital Rights Management: Business and Technology</a>. M&T Books. [2014-04-03]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giantstepsmts.com/digitalrightsbookpreface.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2013-12-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Attitude+Toward+DRM&rft.btitle=Digital+Rights+Management%3A+Business+and+Technology&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=M%26T+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.giantstepsmts.com%2Fdigitalrightsbookpreface.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=827994">Digital rights management for content distribution</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160414002551/http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=827994">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. 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Forbes. 2008-09-12 [2011-10-22]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081107032515/http://www.forbes.com/2008/09/12/spore-drm-piracy-tech-security-cx_ag_mji_0912spore.html">存档</a>于2008-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.au=Andy+Greenberg&rft.btitle=Spore%27s+Piracy+Problem&rft.date=2008-09-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Forbes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2008%2F09%2F12%2Fspore-drm-piracy-tech-security-cx_ag_mji_0912spore.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web">John Leyden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/03/08/ubisoft_anti_drm_hack_attack/">Ubisoft undone by anti-DRM DDoS storm</a>. The Register. March 8, 2010 [2010-03-27]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100312223742/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/03/08/ubisoft_anti_drm_hack_attack/">存档</a>于2010-03-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.au=John+Leyden&rft.btitle=Ubisoft+undone+by+anti-DRM+DDoS+storm&rft.date=2010-03-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Register&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2010%2F03%2F08%2Fubisoft_anti_drm_hack_attack%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Andre Yoskowitz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afterdawn.com/news/article.cfm/2010/03/26/ubisoft_apologizes_to_users_affected_by_always_on_drm">Ubisoft apologizes to users affected by 'always on' DRM</a>. Afterdawn. March 8, 2010 [2010-03-27]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328235520/http://www.afterdawn.com/news/article.cfm/2010/03/26/ubisoft_apologizes_to_users_affected_by_always_on_drm">存档</a>于2010-03-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.au=Andre+Yoskowitz&rft.btitle=Ubisoft+apologizes+to+users+affected+by+%27always+on%27+DRM&rft.date=2010-03-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Afterdawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afterdawn.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%2F2010%2F03%2F26%2Fubisoft_apologizes_to_users_affected_by_always_on_drm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation web">BOOX.HK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boox.hk/article/drm-digital-rights-management-with-e-reading.html">數碼權益管理(DRM)給電子書和電子閲讀行業帶來了什麼？</a>. www.boox.hk. 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[2011-11-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110923010228/http://techcrunch.com/2006/12/14/bill-gates-on-the-future-of-drm/">存档</a>于2011-09-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.btitle=Bill+Gates+On+The+Future+Of+DRM.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techcrunch.com%2F2006%2F12%2F14%2Fbill-gates-on-the-future-of-drm%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828145106/http://news.zdnet.com/2036-2_22-6035707.html">A lot of CRAP</a>. [2006-09-07]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.zdnet.com/2036-2_22-6035707.html">原始内容</a>存档于2006-08-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.btitle=A+lot+of+CRAP&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.zdnet.com%2F2036-2_22-6035707.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure.commentworks.com/ftc-DRMtechnologies/">FTC Town Hall to Address Digital Rights Management Technologies</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Trade_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Trade Commission（页面不存在）">Federal Trade Commission</a>. [2009-01-15].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.btitle=FTC+Town+Hall+to+Address+Digital+Rights+Management+Technologies&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Federal+Trade+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.commentworks.com%2Fftc-DRMtechnologies%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接">永久失效連結</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140206/10323526118/drm-is-right-to-make-up-your-own-copyright-laws.shtml">DRM Is The Right To Make Up Your Own Copyright Laws</a>. Techdirt. [2018-08-19]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819083940/https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140206/10323526118/drm-is-right-to-make-up-your-own-copyright-laws.shtml">存档</a>于2018-08-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=DRM+Is+The+Right+To+Make+Up+Your+Own+Copyright+Laws&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Techdirt.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techdirt.com%2Farticles%2F20140206%2F10323526118%2Fdrm-is-right-to-make-up-your-own-copyright-laws.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/04/02itunes.html">Apple Unveils Higher Quality DRM-Free Music on the iTunes Store</a>. [2008-09-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726005132/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/04/02itunes.html">存档</a>于2008-07-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.btitle=Apple+Unveils+Higher+Quality+DRM-Free+Music+on+the+iTunes+Store&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fpr%2Flibrary%2F2007%2F04%2F02itunes.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070530-apple-hides-account-info-in-drm-free-music-too.html">Apple hides account info in DRM-free music, too</a>. [2008-09-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908050250/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070530-apple-hides-account-info-in-drm-free-music-too.html">存档</a>于2008-09-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.btitle=Apple+hides+account+info+in+DRM-free+music%2C+too&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fnews.ars%2Fpost%2F20070530-apple-hides-account-info-in-drm-free-music-too.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/itunes-drm-free">Apple announces all music on iTunes to go DRM-free -- no word on movies, TV shows, games, audiobooks and applications</a>. 2009-01-08 [2011-11-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125144927/http://www.defectivebydesign.org/itunes-drm-free">存档</a>于2011-11-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.btitle=Apple+announces+all+music+on+iTunes+to+go+DRM-free+--+no+word+on+movies%2C+TV+shows%2C+games%2C+audiobooks+and+applications&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defectivebydesign.org%2Fitunes-drm-free&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Hern, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/25/amazon-comixology-drm-free-downloads-walking-dead-sex-criminals-darkness-comics">Amazon's comixology introduces DRM-free downloads</a>. the Guardian. 2014-07-25 [2018-07-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111733/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/25/amazon-comixology-drm-free-downloads-walking-dead-sex-criminals-darkness-comics">存档</a>于2018-07-16） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=Amazon%27s+comixology+introduces+DRM-free+downloads&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.aulast=Hern&rft.date=2014-07-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2014%2Fjul%2F25%2Famazon-comixology-drm-free-downloads-walking-dead-sex-criminals-darkness-comics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/news/2008/09/first-look-gog-revives-classic-pc-games-for-download-age.ars">First look: GOG revives classic PC games for download age</a>. Ars Technica. [2018-07-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912063921/http://arstechnica.com/gaming/news/2008/09/first-look-gog-revives-classic-pc-games-for-download-age.ars">存档</a>于2011-09-12） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=First+look%3A+GOG+revives+classic+PC+games+for+download+age&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgaming%2Fnews%2F2008%2F09%2Ffirst-look-gog-revives-classic-pc-games-for-download-age.ars&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tor.com/blogs/2012/04/torforge-e-book-titles-to-go-drm-free">Tor/Forge E-book Titles to Go DRM-Free</a>. Tor.com. 2012-04-24 [2018-07-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180309172101/https://www.tor.com/2012/04/24/torforge-e-book-titles-to-go-drm-free/">存档</a>于2018-03-09） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=Tor%2FForge+E-book+Titles+to+Go+DRM-Free&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tor.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2Fblogs%2F2012%2F04%2Ftorforge-e-book-titles-to-go-drm-free&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-0105.html#3">The Futility of Digital Copy Prevention</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111115145148/http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-0105.html#3">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Crypto-Gram Newsletter, May 15, 2001 </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bruce Schneier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/politics/security/commentary/securitymatters/2006/09/71738">Quickest Patch Ever</a>. Wired. 09.07.06 [2010-02-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103095236/http://www.wired.com/politics/security/commentary/securitymatters/2006/09/71738">存档</a>于2010-01-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.au=Bruce+Schneier&rft.btitle=Quickest+Patch+Ever&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wired&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fpolitics%2Fsecurity%2Fcommentary%2Fsecuritymatters%2F2006%2F09%2F71738&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glop.org/starforce/images/starforce-official-words.png">Official words of StarForce on DRM</a>. [2010-09-08]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100926064848/http://glop.org/starforce/images/starforce-official-words.png">存档</a>于2010-09-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.btitle=Official+words+of+StarForce+on+DRM&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glop.org%2Fstarforce%2Fimages%2Fstarforce-official-words.png&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-test-76"><a href="#cite_ref-test_76-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/newsStory?cId=3171588">Gabe Newell Says DRM Strategies 'Are Just Dumb'</a>. 2008-12-02 [2011-11-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310162336/http://www.1up.com/do/newsstory?cid=3171588">存档</a>于2016-03-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.btitle=Gabe+Newell+Says+DRM+Strategies+%27Are+Just+Dumb%27&rft.date=2008-12-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2FnewsStory%3FcId%3D3171588&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Tekla S. Perry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070608074811/http://spectrum.ieee.org/jan05/2703">Loser: DVD Copy Protection, Take 2</a>. Spectrum Online. January 2007 [2007-05-04]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/jan05/2703">原始内容</a>存档于2007-06-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=Loser%3A+DVD+Copy+Protection%2C+Take+2&rft.au=Tekla+S.+Perry&rft.date=2007-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spectrum+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectrum.ieee.org%2Fjan05%2F2703&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Doctorow-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Doctorow_78-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cory_Doctorow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cory Doctorow（页面不存在）">Cory Doctorow</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.changethis.com/4.DRM">Microsoft Research DRM Talk</a> (PDF). craphound.com. June 17, 2004 [2007-08-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070823200426/http://www.changethis.com/4.DRM">存档</a>于2007-08-23）. <q>At the end of the day, all DRM systems share a common vulnerability: they provide their attackers with ciphertext, the cipher and the key. At this point,the secret isn't a secret anymore.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.au=Cory+Doctorow&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Research+DRM+Talk&rft.date=2004-06-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=craphound.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.changethis.com%2F4.DRM&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Slater, Derek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/archives/004910.php">Microsoft's Zune Won't Play Protected Windows Media</a>. 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TechSpot. [2018-08-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214529/https://www.techspot.com/news/51884-civitas-the-drm-free-alternative-to-simcity-hits-kickstarter.html">存档</a>于2018-08-18） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=Civitas%2C+the+DRM-free+alternative+to+SimCity+hits+Kickstarter&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechSpot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techspot.com%2Fnews%2F51884-civitas-the-drm-free-alternative-to-simcity-hits-kickstarter.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technologytell.com/gaming/93169/kitaru-kickstarter-supporters-get-drm-free-copy-of-the-game/">GadgetellSolutions Media -</a>. GadgetellSolutions Media. [2018-08-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170626193112/http://www.technologytell.com/gaming/93169/kitaru-kickstarter-supporters-get-drm-free-copy-of-the-game/">存档</a>于2017-06-26） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&rft.atitle=GadgetellSolutions+Media+-&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GadgetellSolutions+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologytell.com%2Fgaming%2F93169%2Fkitaru-kickstarter-supporters-get-drm-free-copy-of-the-game%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Monaghan, Angela.（2007）. "Radiohead Challenges Labels With Free Album." Web. 10 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2816893/Radiohead-challenges-labels-with-free-album.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2816893/Radiohead-challenges-labels-with-free-album.html</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111113053732/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2816893/Radiohead-challenges-labels-with-free-album.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="width:1%">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Rights_Reversed" title="All Rights Reversed">All Rights Reversed</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反版权提示（页面不存在）">反版权提示</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft%E7%9A%84%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copyleft的商业应用（页面不存在）">Copyleft的商业应用</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commons-based_peer_production&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commons-based peer production（页面不存在）">Commons-based peer production</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production" class="extiw" title="en:Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="自由内容">自由内容</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由软件许可（页面不存在）">自由软件许可</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="信息无政府主义">信息无政府主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property（页面不存在）">Libertarian positions</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" class="extiw" title="en:Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="開放內容">开放内容</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开放设计（页面不存在）">开放设计</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开放音乐模式（页面不存在）">开放音乐模式</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E4%B8%93%E5%88%A9%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开放专利权（页面不存在）">开放专利权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%BA%90%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" title="開源硬件">开源硬件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="开源软件">开源软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%90%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB" title="相同方式共享">相同方式共享</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%80%9F%E9%96%B1%E6%AC%8A" title="公共借閱權">公共借閱權</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">运动</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E6%97%A0%E7%95%8C%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="知识无界运动">知识无界运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%9D%83%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="对著作权的争议">反版权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化环境（页面不存在）">文化环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="自由文化運動">自由文化运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="自由软件运动">自由软件运动</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB" title="知识共享">创作共用</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%97%E7%BD%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海盗署（页面不存在）">海盗署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%9C%E9%BB%A8" title="海盜黨">海盗党</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Students_for_Free_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Students for Free Culture（页面不存在）">Students for Free Culture</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_Free_Culture" class="extiw" title="en:Students for Free Culture">Students for Free Culture</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%85%8B%E6%98%8E%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="李卡德·法克明炎">李卡德·法克明炎</a></li> <li><a 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiP!:_A_Remix_Manifesto" class="extiw" title="en:RiP!: A Remix Manifesto">RiP!: A Remix Manifesto</a>） (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPB_AFK" title="TPB AFK">TPB AFK</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E4%B9%8B%E5%AD%90" title="互联网之子">互联网之子</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="廣播加密（英语：-&#123;Television_encryption&#125;-）與數位版權管理(DRM)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="Template:广播加密"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:广播加密（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:广播加密"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="廣播加密（英语：-&#123;Television_encryption&#125;-）與數位版權管理(DRM)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廣播加密（页面不存在）">廣播加密</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_encryption" class="extiw" title="en:Television encryption">Television encryption</a>）與<a class="mw-selflink selflink">數位版權管理</a>(DRM)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6" title="条件接收">条件接收</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CableCARD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CableCARD（页面不存在）">CableCARD</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CableCARD" class="extiw" title="en:CableCARD">CableCARD</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6" title="条件接收">條件式存取系統</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可更新的安全系統（页面不存在）">可更新的安全系統</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_security" class="extiw" title="en:Renewable security">Renewable security</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A8%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共用介面（页面不存在）">共用介面</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A8%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共用介面（页面不存在）">加強版共用介面</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%A0%E6%93%BE%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通用加擾運算法（页面不存在）">通用加擾運算法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Scrambling_Algorithm" class="extiw" title="en:Common Scrambling Algorithm">Common Scrambling Algorithm</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%8F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E6%A8%A1%E7%B5%84" title="條件式存取模組">條件式存取模組</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%98%E8%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A8%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="付費共用介面（页面不存在）">付費共用介面</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-CI" class="extiw" title="en:DVB-CI">DVB-CI</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%88%87%E7%89%88%E6%AC%8A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內容保護與版權管理（页面不存在）">內容保護與版權管理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-CPCM" class="extiw" title="en:DVB-CPCM">DVB-CPCM</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88_(DVB)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="整合 (DVB)">整合 (DVB)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%8D%A1" title="智慧卡">智慧卡</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="加密">加密</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/BISS" title="BISS">BISS</a> · <a href="/wiki/Conax" title="Conax">Conax</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptoworks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cryptoworks（页面不存在）">Cryptoworks</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptoworks" class="extiw" title="en:Cryptoworks">Cryptoworks</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digicipher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digicipher（页面不存在）">Digicipher</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digicipher" class="extiw" title="en:Digicipher">Digicipher</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irdeto_AccessIrdeto_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irdeto AccessIrdeto Access（页面不存在）">Irdeto AccessIrdeto Access</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irdeto_Access" class="extiw" title="en:Irdeto Access">Irdeto Access</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=KeyFly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KeyFly（页面不存在）">KeyFly</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KeyFly" class="extiw" title="en:KeyFly">KeyFly</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagravision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagravision（页面不存在）">Nagravision</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagravision" class="extiw" title="en:Nagravision">Nagravision</a>） · <a href="/wiki/NDS%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="NDS集团">NDS Group</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=VideoGuard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VideoGuard（页面不存在）">VideoGuard</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VideoGuard" class="extiw" title="en:VideoGuard">VideoGuard</a>） · <a href="/wiki/PowerVu" title="PowerVu">PowerVu</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_Asset_Specification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reusable Asset Specification（页面不存在）">Reusable Asset Specification</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reusable_Asset_Specification" class="extiw" title="en:Reusable Asset Specification">Reusable Asset Specification</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=SECA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SECA（页面不存在）">SECA</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagra_France" class="extiw" title="en:Nagra France">Nagra France</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediaguard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediaguard（页面不存在）">Mediaguard</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediaguard" class="extiw" title="en:Mediaguard">Mediaguard</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viaccess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viaccess（页面不存在）">Viaccess</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaccess" class="extiw" title="en:Viaccess">Viaccess</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wegener_(television)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wegener (television)（页面不存在）">Wegener</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%A4%9A%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%B3%E5%85%89%E7%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="數位多功能影音光碟">數位多功能影音光碟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E6%93%BE%E4%BA%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="內容擾亂系統">內容加擾系統</a> · <a href="/wiki/AACS" title="AACS">高級訪問控制系統</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=BD%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BD+（页面不存在）">BD+</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BD%2B" class="extiw" title="en:BD+">BD+</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">數位版權管理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DRM%E5%90%88%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DRM合法域名（页面不存在）">DRM合法域名</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorized_domain" class="extiw" title="en:Authorized domain">Authorized domain</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=B-CAS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B-CAS（页面不存在）">B-CAS</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-CAS" class="extiw" title="en:B-CAS">B-CAS</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廣播標誌（页面不存在）">廣播標誌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_flag" class="extiw" title="en:Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="高速數位內容保護">高速數位內容保護</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=DRM%E7%A1%AC%E9%AB%94%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DRM硬體限制（页面不存在）">DRM硬體限制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_restrictions" class="extiw" title="en:Hardware restrictions">Hardware restrictions</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="數據安全">數據安全</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%87%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡片共享（页面不存在）">卡片共享</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_sharing" class="extiw" title="en:Card sharing">Card sharing</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%87%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡片服務（页面不存在）">卡片服務</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_server" class="extiw" title="en:Card server">Card server</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6" title="免費電視頻道接收">免費電視頻道接收</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%9C%E7%89%88%E8%A7%A3%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盜版解譯（页面不存在）">盜版解譯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_decryption" class="extiw" title="en:Pirate decryption">Pirate decryption</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E6%AF%94%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="類比電視">類比電視</a>加密</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EuroCrypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EuroCrypt（页面不存在）">EuroCrypt</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroCrypt" class="extiw" title="en:EuroCrypt">EuroCrypt</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Videocipher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Videocipher（页面不存在）">Videocipher</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocipher" class="extiw" title="en:Videocipher">Videocipher</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=VideoCrypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VideoCrypt（页面不存在）">VideoCrypt</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VideoCrypt" class="extiw" title="en:VideoCrypt">VideoCrypt</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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