CINXE.COM
Publications | Ecosystems Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA)
<!DOCTYPE html > <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/publications" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/publications" /> <title>Publications | Ecosystems Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA)</title> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/system/system.base.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/system/system.menus.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/system/system.messages.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/system/system.theme.css?qf77hi"); </style> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/jquery.ui.core.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/jquery.ui.theme.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/jquery.ui.datepicker.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/date/date_popup/themes/jquery.timeentry.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/jquery.ui.tabs.css?qf77hi"); </style> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/aggregator/aggregator.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/comment/comment.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/date/date_api/date.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/date/date_popup/themes/datepicker.1.7.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/date/date_repeat_field/date_repeat_field.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/field/theme/field.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/logintoboggan/logintoboggan.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/node/node.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/modules/user/user.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/calendar/css/calendar_multiday.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/views/css/views.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/ckeditor/css/ckeditor.css?qf77hi"); </style> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/ctools/css/ctools.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/shorten/shortener/shortener.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/modules/contrib/custom_search/custom_search.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/js/featherlight.css?qf77hi"); </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/sidr/2.2.1/stylesheets/jquery.sidr.light.min.css" media="all" /> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/boilerplate.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/espa-main.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/design.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/style.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/menu.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/base-styles.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/layout.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/components/blocks.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/components/breadcrumb.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/components/buttons.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/components/search.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/components/tabs.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/blog.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/event.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/embedded-video.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/news-article.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/page.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/project.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/publications-biblio.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/training-materials.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/content-types/what-did-we-learn.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/base.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/biblio.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/countries-landing.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/events.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/impact-stories.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/landing-pages.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/multimedia.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/news-and-blogs.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/newsletters.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/projects-landing.css?qf77hi"); </style> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/project-people.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/project-pi.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/publications.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/rotating-banner.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/sidebar-quote.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/views/themes-landing.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/header.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/footer.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/sidebar.css?qf77hi"); @import url("https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/home.css?qf77hi"); </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" media="all" /> <!--[if IE]> <link href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/css/espa-main-ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/files/espa/js/js_Kd4BsnIT6T8vj1yoTIfotvk_bIOeY4Ndbdvl8ytcvjs.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/files/espa/js/js_hRdz-j1OCF5d_88keEBcGNTNQ-JslHk42UoDcpjfybo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/files/espa/js/js_f_BpsloZtITWNBq8h8TQNh4SUGlZKD__yTkMLSN2_t8.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/files/espa/js/js_y1NsvOgWAsoySvEr0PtRuI7c18C9q2H7HMNyoO0bS_Q.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i["GoogleAnalyticsObject"]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,"script","https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js","ga");ga("create", "UA-337408-10", {"cookieDomain":"auto"});ga("send", "pageview"); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/files/espa/js/js_RNcfKWPre7GbrbfG5bZWD5TEirVU5nrQzNNuDTfbBZo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/files/espa/js/js_KJt4-ROLhVzgLCMGe_J7S5LrXdA9K4mQuPVYVYFHy6Y.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"gaia","theme_token":"ia_Afr7R0iXrICUYWWwLT0RafLLs8ssagcRLqZBfTu8","js":{"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/sidr\/2.2.1\/jquery.sidr.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.10\/jquery.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/jquery.ui.widget.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/jquery.ui.datepicker.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/jquery.timeentry.pack.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/jquery.ui.tabs.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/spamspan\/spamspan.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/date_popup.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/shorten\/shortener\/shortener.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/custom_search\/js\/custom_search.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/select_with_style\/select_with_style\/select_with_style.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/better_exposed_filters\/better_exposed_filters.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"0":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/js\/jquery.matchHeight.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/js\/featherlight.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/js\/core.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/js\/jquery.tabslet.min.js":1,"public:\/\/javascript_libraries\/projecttabs.txt":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.datepicker.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/jquery.timeentry.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.tabs.css":1,"modules\/aggregator\/aggregator.css":1,"modules\/comment\/comment.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_repeat_field\/date_repeat_field.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/logintoboggan\/logintoboggan.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/calendar\/css\/calendar_multiday.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/shorten\/shortener\/shortener.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/custom\/biblio\/biblio.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/custom_search\/custom_search.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/js\/featherlight.css":1,"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/sidr\/2.2.1\/stylesheets\/jquery.sidr.light.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/boilerplate.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/espa-main.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/design.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/style.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/menu.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/base-styles.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/layout.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/components\/blocks.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/components\/breadcrumb.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/components\/buttons.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/components\/search.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/components\/tabs.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/blog.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/event.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/embedded-video.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/news-article.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/page.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/project.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/publications-biblio.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/training-materials.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/content-types\/what-did-we-learn.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/base.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/biblio.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/countries-landing.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/events.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/impact-stories.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/landing-pages.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/multimedia.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/news-and-blogs.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/newsletters.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/projects-landing.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/project-people.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/project-pi.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/publications.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/rotating-banner.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/sidebar-quote.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/views\/themes-landing.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/header.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/footer.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/sidebar.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/gaia\/css\/home.css":1,"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700":1,"https:\/\/maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com\/font-awesome\/4.7.0\/css\/font-awesome.min.css":1}},"global_filter_1":["global-filter-1-field-themes","",1],"datePopup":{"edit-field-event-start-und-0-value-datepicker-popup-0":{"func":"datepicker","settings":{"changeMonth":true,"changeYear":true,"autoPopUp":"focus","closeAtTop":false,"speed":"immediate","firstDay":1,"dateFormat":"d M yy","yearRange":"-3:+3","fromTo":false,"syncEndDate":false,"defaultDate":"0y"}},"edit-field-event-start-und-0-value-timeEntry-popup-1":{"func":"timeEntry","settings":{"show24Hours":true,"showSeconds":false,"timeSteps":[1,1,0],"spinnerImage":"","fromTo":false}},"edit-field-event-start-und-0-value2-datepicker-popup-0":{"func":"datepicker","settings":{"changeMonth":true,"changeYear":true,"autoPopUp":"focus","closeAtTop":false,"speed":"immediate","firstDay":1,"dateFormat":"d M yy","yearRange":"-3:+3","fromTo":false,"syncEndDate":false,"defaultDate":"0y"}},"edit-field-event-start-und-0-value2-timeEntry-popup-1":{"func":"timeEntry","settings":{"show24Hours":true,"showSeconds":false,"timeSteps":[1,1,0],"spinnerImage":"","fromTo":false}}},"custom_search":{"form_target":"_self","solr":0},"better_exposed_filters":{"datepicker":false,"slider":false,"settings":[],"autosubmit":false,"views":{"biblio":{"displays":{"page_2":{"filters":{"field_countries_taxonomy_tid":{"required":false},"field_themes_tid":{"required":false},"tid":{"required":false}}},"block_4":{"filters":[]}}}}},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/publications":true},"espa":{"global_filters":{"tid":["",""]}},"googleanalytics":{"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"gmap":{"auto1map":{"mapstyles":"[{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.fill\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#5ab031\u0022},{\u0022lightness\u0022:\u002274\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.stroke\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#5ab031\u0022},{\u0022lightness\u0022:\u002274\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels.text.fill\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#444444\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative.country\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.fill\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#5ab031\u0022},{\u0022lightness\u0022:\u002274\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative.country\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.stroke\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative.province\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.fill\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#ff0000\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022administrative.province\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.stroke\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022landscape\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#f2f2f2\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022landscape\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022on\u0022},{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#5ab031\u0022},{\u0022lightness\u0022:\u002274\u0022},{\u0022gamma\u0022:\u00221.00\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022landscape\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.fill\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#5ab031\u0022},{\u0022saturation\u0022:\u00220\u0022},{\u0022lightness\u0022:\u002274\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022landscape\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.stroke\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022landscape\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels.text\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022landscape.natural\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022poi\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022road\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022saturation\u0022:-100},{\u0022lightness\u0022:45},{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022road\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022road.highway\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022simplified\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022road.arterial\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels.icon\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022transit\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022transit\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022transit.line\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022transit.line\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022transit.station\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022transit.station\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022water\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#46bcec\u0022},{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022on\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022water\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.fill\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022color\u0022:\u0022#ffffff\u0022},{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022on\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022water\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022geometry.stroke\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022water\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022water\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels.text\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]},{\u0022featureType\u0022:\u0022water\u0022,\u0022elementType\u0022:\u0022labels.icon\u0022,\u0022stylers\u0022:[{\u0022visibility\u0022:\u0022off\u0022}]}]"}}}); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/js/respond.min.js"></script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in one-sidebar sidebar-second page-publications" > <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="header-wrap content-wrap"> <div id="header"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/"><img src="/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/images/logo.jpg" alt="ESPA - ecosystem services for poverty alleviation"></a> </div> <div class="header-right"> <div id="menu"> <div id="nav2"><h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul id="main-menu" class="links clearfix"><li class="menu-37614 first"><a href="/about">About</a></li> <li class="menu-37821"><a href="/projects">Projects</a></li> <li class="menu-39194"><a href="/espa-themes">Themes</a></li> <li class="menu-37827"><a href="/countries">Countries</a></li> <li class="menu-39218 active-trail active"><a href="/publications" title="" class="active-trail active">Publications</a></li> <li class="menu-39449"><a href="/multimedia" title="">Multimedia</a></li> <li class="menu-39244 last"><a href="/news-blogs" title="">News & Blogs</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="utility clearfix"> <div class="region region-utility"> <div id="block-search-form" class="block block-search"> <div class="content"> <form class="search-form" role="search" action="/publications" method="post" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Search form</h2> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-block-form"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-search-block-form--2">Search this site </label> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." class="custom-search-box form-text" placeholder="" type="text" id="edit-search-block-form--2" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" /> </div> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-D3MBqbNrbQzc-QudVUB1EWMMjRq2-u5_ZbsoklENZuY" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> </div> </div></form> </div> </div> <div id="block-block-53" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <ul class="social-icon-links"> <li class="twitter-icon"><a href="http://twitter.com/espadirectorate"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="youtube-icon"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/espa"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="rss-icon"><a href="/rss.xml"><i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-hamburger-wrap visible-mobile"> <a href="#" class="mobile-hamburger">Menu <img src="/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/images/hamburger.png" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-menu clearfix"> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="region region-header-bottom"> <div id="block-menu-block-12" class="block block-menu-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-12 menu-name-menu-header-dropdown-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded menu-mlid-39219"><a href="/" title="">Grant Holders</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-39234"><a href="/grant-holders/communicating-your-research" title="">Communicate your research</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-39236"><a href="/funding/previous-call-documents" title="">Previous funding</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-39241"><a href="/" title="">Policy-makers & practitioners</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-39242"><a href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/results/impact-stories" title="">Impact stories</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-39451"><a href="http://www.espa-headlines.ac.uk" title="">Policy summary: multiple languages</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-39245"><a href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/results/policy-practice-briefs" title="">Policy & practice briefs</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded active-trail menu-mlid-39221"><a href="/" title="" class="active-trail">Researchers & academics</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-39240"><a href="/publications" title="" class="active-trail active">Publications</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-39450"><a href="http://www.espa.ac.uk/book" title="">ESPA book</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-40262"><a href="http://www.espa.ac.uk/training" title="">Training materials </a></li> </ul></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blue"> <div class="content-wrap"> <section id="main" role="main" class="clearfix "> <a id="main-content"></a> <h1 class="title" id="page-title">Publications</h1> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-biblio view-id-biblio view-display-id-page_2 top-filters all-publications view-dom-id-e4a4e1bad3d5d4b061e3e7bf0aa9307e"> <div class="view-filters"> <form action="/publications" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-biblio-page-2" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="views-exposed-form"> <div class="views-exposed-widgets clearfix"> <div id="edit-field-countries-taxonomy-tid-wrapper" class="views-exposed-widget views-widget-filter-field_countries_taxonomy_tid"> <label for="edit-field-countries-taxonomy-tid"> Country </label> <div class="views-widget"> <div class="form-item form-type-select form-item-field-countries-taxonomy-tid"> <select id="edit-field-countries-taxonomy-tid" name="field_countries_taxonomy_tid" class="form-select"><option value="All" selected="selected"><Any></option><option value="513">Worldwide: global in scope</option><option value="510">Africa region</option><option value="511">Asia region</option><option value="512">Latin America and Caribbean region</option><option value="516">Argentina</option><option value="558">Bangladesh</option><option value="521">Bolivia</option><option value="547">Botswana</option><option value="522">Brazil</option><option value="528">Burkina Faso</option><option value="542">Cameroon</option><option value="529">Chad</option><option value="551">China</option><option value="517">Colombia</option><option value="534">Democratic Republic of Congo</option><option value="519">Ecuador</option><option value="535">Ethiopia</option><option value="527">Ghana</option><option value="548">India</option><option value="560">Indonesia</option><option value="515">Kenya</option><option value="553">Kyrgyzstan</option><option value="552">Laos</option><option value="544">Madagascar</option><option value="559">Malawi</option><option value="523">Mexico</option><option value="539">Mozambique</option><option value="546">Namibia</option><option value="549">Nepal</option><option value="530">Niger</option><option value="520">Peru</option><option value="554">Rwanda</option><option value="562">Sierra Leone</option><option value="550">Sri Lanka</option><option value="557">Swaziland</option><option value="537">Tanzania</option><option value="555">Uganda</option><option value="538">Zambia</option><option value="545">Zimbabwe</option></select> </div> </div> </div> <div id="edit-field-themes-tid-wrapper" class="views-exposed-widget views-widget-filter-field_themes_tid"> <label for="edit-field-themes-tid"> Theme </label> <div class="views-widget"> <div class="form-item form-type-select form-item-field-themes-tid"> <select id="edit-field-themes-tid" name="field_themes_tid" class="form-select"><option value="All" selected="selected"><Any></option><option value="483">Agriculture and land use</option><option value="481">Biodiversity</option><option value="476">Ecosystem services and how we manage them</option><option value="480">Cities</option><option value="490">Climate change adaptation and mitigation</option><option value="484">Coasts and oceans</option><option value="491">Cultural services</option><option value="492">Disaster risk reduction</option><option value="485">Drylands</option><option value="493">Equity and justice</option><option value="486">Forests</option><option value="496">Food security</option><option value="487">Freshwater</option><option value="495">Fuels and energy</option><option value="488">Mountains</option><option value="497">Gender</option><option value="498">Governance</option><option value="499">Health</option><option value="500">Livelihoods</option><option value="501">Payments for ecosystem services</option><option value="502">Protected areas</option><option value="503">Regulating services</option><option value="504">Research methods</option><option value="505">Resilience</option><option value="506">Social-ecological systems</option><option value="507">Supporting services</option><option value="508">Understanding wellbeing</option><option value="509">Water security</option><option value="477">Types of ecosystem</option></select> </div> </div> </div> <div id="edit-tid--3-wrapper" class="views-exposed-widget views-widget-filter-tid"> <label for="edit-tid--3"> Publication type </label> <div class="views-widget"> <div class="form-item form-type-select form-item-tid"> <select id="edit-tid--3" name="tid" class="form-select"><option value="All" selected="selected"><Any></option><option value="1">Academic publications</option><option value="2">Impact stories</option><option value="3">Policy briefs</option><option value="4">Working papers</option></select> </div> </div> </div> <div id="edit-sort-bef-combine-wrapper" class="views-exposed-widget views-widget-sort-sort_bef_combine"> <div class="views-widget"> <div class="form-item form-type-radios form-item-sort-bef-combine"> <label for="edit-sort-bef-combine">View by: </label> <div id="edit-sort-bef-combine" class="form-radios"><div class="bef-select-as-links"><div class="form-item"> <div id="edit-sort-bef-combine-biblio-year-asc" class="form-item selected form-type-bef-link form-item selected-edit-sort-bef-combine-biblio-year-asc"> <a href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/publications?sort_bef_combine=biblio_year%20ASC">Year Asc</a> </div> <div id="edit-sort-bef-combine-title-asc" class="form-item form-type-bef-link form-item-edit-sort-bef-combine-title-asc"> <a href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/publications?sort_bef_combine=title%20ASC">Title Asc</a> </div> <div id="edit-sort-bef-combine-lastname-asc" class="form-item form-type-bef-link form-item-edit-sort-bef-combine-lastname-asc"> <a href="https://www.espa.ac.uk/publications?sort_bef_combine=lastname%20ASC">Author Asc</a> </div> </div> <select style="display: none;" id="edit-sort-bef-combine" name="sort_bef_combine" class="form-select"><option value="biblio_year ASC">Year Asc</option><option value="biblio_year DESC" selected="selected">Year Desc</option><option value="title ASC">Title Asc</option><option value="title DESC">Title Desc</option><option value="lastname ASC">Author Asc</option><option value="lastname DESC">Author Desc</option></select><input type="hidden" class="bef-new-value" name="sort_bef_combine" value="biblio_year DESC" /></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-exposed-widget views-submit-button"> <input type="submit" id="edit-submit-biblio" name="" value="Apply" class="form-submit" /> </div> <div class="views-exposed-widget views-reset-button"> <input type="submit" id="edit-reset" name="op" value="Clear Filters" class="form-submit" /> </div> </div> </div> </div></form> </div> <div class="view-content"> <h3>2018</h3> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Woodhouse, E., Bedelian, C.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/challenging-common-myths-protected-area-management">Challenging common myths in protected area management</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Directorate, E.S.P.A.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/impact-story/deltas">Integrated environment and development modelling to benefit the poorest in coastal Bangladesh</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Wilson, M.W., Forsyth, C.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/restoring-near-shore-marine-ecosystems-enhance-climate-security-island-ocean-states">Restoring near-shore marine ecosystems to enhance climate security for island ocean states: aligning international processes and local practices</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-secondary-title"><span class="field-content">Marine Policy</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Gondwe, T., Gasparatos, A., Johnson, F.X., von Maltitz, G., Luhanga, D., Nyambane, A.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/biofuels-malawi-local-impacts-feedstock-production-and-policy-implications">Biofuels in Malawi: local impacts of feedstock production and policy implications</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Szabo, S., Adger, W.Neil, Matthews, Z.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/home-where-money-goes-migration-related-urban-rural-integration-delta-regions">Home is where the money goes: migration-related urban-rural integration in delta regions</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-secondary-title"><span class="field-content">Migration And Development</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-volume"><span class="views-label views-label-biblio-volume">vol.</span><span class="field-content">7</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-pages"><span class="views-label views-label-biblio-pages">pp.</span><span class="field-content">163-179</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Mostafa, I., Naila, N.N., Mahfuz, M., Roy, M., Faruque, A.S.G., Ahmed, T.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/children-living-slums-bangladesh-face-risks-unsafe-food-and-water-and-stunted-growth">Children living in the slums of Bangladesh face risks from unsafe food and water and stunted growth is common</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-secondary-title"><span class="field-content">Acta Paedriatrica</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Martin, A., Myers, R., Dawson, N.M.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/park-ruining-our-livelihoods-we-support-park-unravelling-paradox-attitudes-protected">The park is ruining our livelihoods. We support the park! Unravelling the paradox of attitudes to protected areas</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-secondary-title"><span class="field-content">Human Ecology</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-volume"><span class="views-label views-label-biblio-volume">vol.</span><span class="field-content">46</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-issue"><span class="views-label views-label-biblio-issue">issue</span><span class="field-content">1</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-pages"><span class="views-label views-label-biblio-pages">pp.</span><span class="field-content">93-105</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Rakotonarivo, S., Jacobsen, J.Bredahl, Poudyal, M., Rasoamanana, A., Hockley, N.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/estimating-welfare-impacts-where-property-rights-are-contested-methodological-and">Estimating welfare impacts where property rights are contested: methodological and policy implications</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-secondary-title"><span class="field-content">Land Use Policy</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-volume"><span class="views-label views-label-biblio-volume">vol.</span><span class="field-content">70</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-pages"><span class="views-label views-label-biblio-pages">pp.</span><span class="field-content">71-83</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-9 views-row-odd"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Bidaud, C., Schreckenberg, K., Jones, J.P.G.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/local-costs-biodiversity-offsets-comparing-standards-policy-and-practice">The local costs of biodiversity offsets: Comparing standards, policy and practice</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-10 views-row-even views-row-last"> <span class="views-field views-field-biblio-authors"><span class="field-content">Friedman, R., Hirons, M., Boyd, E.</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publications/vulnerability-ghanaian-women-cocoa-farmers-climate-change-typology">Vulnerability of Ghanaian women cocoa farmers to climate change: a typology</a></span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-secondary-title"><span class="field-content">Climate and Development</span></span><span class="separator">, </span><span class="views-field views-field-biblio-year-1"><span class="field-content">2018</span></span> </div> </div> <h2 class="element-invisible">Pages</h2><div class="item-list"><ul class="pager"><li class="pager-current first">1</li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 2" href="/publications?page=1">2</a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 3" href="/publications?page=2">3</a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 4" href="/publications?page=3">4</a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 5" href="/publications?page=4">5</a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 6" href="/publications?page=5">6</a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 7" href="/publications?page=6">7</a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 8" href="/publications?page=7">8</a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 9" href="/publications?page=8">9</a></li> <li class="pager-ellipsis">…</li> <li class="pager-next"><a title="Go to next page" href="/publications?page=1">next ›</a></li> <li class="pager-last last"><a title="Go to last page" href="/publications?page=47">last »</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- /#main --> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <div id="block-block-51" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-news-image"> <div class="field-content"> <img alt="" height="165" src="http://www.espa.ac.uk/files/espa/Asian%20researcher%20credit%20CIFOR_1.jpg" width="289" /><i>Image courtesy of <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/45423546@N07/35978892694">Deanna Ramsay/CIFOR</a></i></div> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-container" class="footer-container"> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="footer-left"> <div class="footer-left-block"> <a href="/contact" class="button button--grey">Contact Us</a> </div> <div class="footer-left-block"> <ul class="footer-links"> <li><a href="/terms-use">Terms of use</a></li> <li><a href="/privacy-statement">Privacy and cookies</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer-right"> <ul id="funder-logos"> <li> <a href="http://www.dfid.gov.uk/"><img src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/images/logo-ukaid.png" alt="UKAID"></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.nerc.ac.uk/"><img src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/images/logo-nerc.png" alt="Natural Environment Research Council logo"></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.esrc.ac.uk/"><img src="https://www.espa.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/contrib/gaia/images/logo-esrc.jpg" alt="ESRC"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="footer-bottom"> © Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA). A research programme co-funded by DFID, NERC & ESRC </div> </div> </div> <div id="tablet-indicator"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/sidr/2.2.1/jquery.sidr.min.js"></script> </body> </html>