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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-International_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>International variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Azerbaijan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Farley's_Rusks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farley's_Rusks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Farley's Rusks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farley's_Rusks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>The Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands_and_Belgium_(Flanders)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands_and_Belgium_(Flanders)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>Netherlands and Belgium (Flanders)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands_and_Belgium_(Flanders)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.22</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.23</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.23.1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recipe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recipe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.23.2</span> <span>Recipe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recipe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.24</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.25</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.26</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rusk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B9%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="كعك بقسماط – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كعك بقسماط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Сухары – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сухары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bescuit_(pa)" title="Bescuit (pa) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bescuit (pa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwieback" title="Zwieback – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zwieback" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9" title="Παξιμάδι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παξιμάδι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscote" title="Biscote – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biscote" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskoto" title="Biskoto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biskoto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskote" title="Biskote – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biskote" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نان سوخاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نان سوخاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscotte" title="Biscotte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biscotte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC" title="러스크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러스크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81" title="Չորահաց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չորահաց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskoto" title="Biskoto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biskoto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk" title="Rusk – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Rusk" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fette_biscottate" title="Fette biscottate – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fette biscottate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk" title="Rusk – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rusk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кепкен нандар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кепкен нандар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEi%C5%ABv%C4%97sis" title="Džiūvėsis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džiūvėsis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9tszers%C3%BClt" title="Kétszersült – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kétszersült" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Двопек – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Двопек" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="بقسماط – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بقسماط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskut_rusk" title="Biskut rusk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biskut rusk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF" title="ラスク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラスク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavring" title="Kavring – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kavring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suxari" title="Suxari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suxari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сухари – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сухари" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korppu" title="Korppu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korppu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorpa" title="Skorpa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skorpa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%92%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%B1%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏒᏩᏱᎩ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏒᏩᏱᎩ" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rusk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rusk (disambiguation)">Rusk (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Rusk</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zwieback-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Zwieback-1.jpg/220px-Zwieback-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Zwieback-1.jpg/330px-Zwieback-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Zwieback-1.jpg/440px-Zwieback-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="1908" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">German <i>Zwieback</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Biscuit#Biscuits_in_British_usage" title="Biscuit">Biscuit</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rusks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rusks">Media: Rusk</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>rusk</b> is a hard, dry <a href="/wiki/Biscuit#Biscuits_in_British_usage" title="Biscuit">biscuit</a> or a twice-baked bread.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes used as a <a href="/wiki/Teether" title="Teether">teether</a> for babies.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cultures, rusk is made of <a href="/wiki/Cake" title="Cake">cake</a>, rather than bread: this is sometimes referred to as <b>cake rusk</b>. In the UK, the name also refers to a wheat-based <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additive</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_variations">International variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: International variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Argentina, rusk is called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tostadas de mesa</i></span> (literally 'table toasts'), slices of twice-baked bread generally available in supermarkets in plain and sweetened variants. Cake rusk is called <i>bay biscuit</i>; its ingredients are egg, sugar, oil, self-rising flour, and vanilla. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AR-Tostadas-de-Mesa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tostadas de Mesa"><img alt="Tostadas de Mesa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AR-Tostadas-de-Mesa.jpg/202px-AR-Tostadas-de-Mesa.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AR-Tostadas-de-Mesa.jpg/304px-AR-Tostadas-de-Mesa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AR-Tostadas-de-Mesa.jpg/405px-AR-Tostadas-de-Mesa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tostadas de Mesa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AR-Bay-Biscuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bay Biscuit"><img alt="Bay Biscuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AR-Bay-Biscuit.jpg/202px-AR-Bay-Biscuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AR-Bay-Biscuit.jpg/304px-AR-Bay-Biscuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AR-Bay-Biscuit.jpg/405px-AR-Bay-Biscuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bay Biscuit</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Azerbaijan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusk is called <span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><i lang="az-Latn">sukhary</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">suxarı</i> – a loanword from <a href="/wiki/Russian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian (language)">Russian</a> via <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>) in Azerbaijani. It is usually made from stale bread and buns. In <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, some bakeries use their stale buns and bread for making rusks. The price of rusk in those bakeries is usually low, as the bakeries do this to avoid wasting the leftover bread and buns.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusk is commonly called toast biscuit. Toast biscuits come in a variety of flavours, such as <a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">ghee</a> toast, garlic toast, and sugar toast, and are usually served with tea. Cake rusk is commonly known as dry cake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britain">Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Butcher rusk is a dry biscuit broken into particles, sorted by particle size and sold to butchers and others for use as a <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additive</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausage</a> manufacture.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FSA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though originally made from <a href="/wiki/Staling" title="Staling">stale</a> bread, now called bread-rusk, a <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>-free variety called simply rusk is now more commonly used. </p><p>Various rusk particle sizes are used in the food industry, where uses include:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A carrier for flavours, colours and seasonings</li> <li>A binding agent in <a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">hamburgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sausages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sausages">sausages</a>, stuffings, pies, and other compound meat products</li> <li>As an ingredient for dried <a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">stuffing</a> mixes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Farley's_Rusks"><span id="Farley.27s_Rusks"></span>Farley's Rusks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Farley's Rusks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="farleys"></span>In the UK, <a href="/wiki/Farley%27s" title="Farley's">Farley's</a> Rusks are a dry <a href="/wiki/Teething" title="Teething">teething</a> biscuit dating from the 1880s, but manufactured by <a href="/wiki/H._J._Heinz_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="H. J. Heinz Company">Heinz</a> since 1994. They are usually given to infants, either soaked in milk and mashed up or in their original hard form as a teething aid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sponge rusk (Cuban Spanish: esponru) is similar to <a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">biscotti</a> but it is made out of twice-baked yellow cake batter. The yellow cake batter is baked into a flat, rectangular cake pan. After it is baked and cooled, it is sliced into strips and baked again or toasted to make cake toast. It is usually eaten with <a href="/wiki/Cuban_espresso" title="Cuban espresso">café cubano (Cuban espresso)</a> or as an accompaniment to <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">custard</a>, or other dessert dishes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Tvebak</i></span> is derived from Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">tweebak</i></span> (literally 'two bake'), an archaic synonym of <i>beschuit</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">biscotte</i></span> is a French type of rusk. They are sold packaged in supermarkets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanelisokerikorppu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kanelisokerikorppu.jpg/220px-Kanelisokerikorppu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kanelisokerikorppu.jpg/330px-Kanelisokerikorppu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kanelisokerikorppu.jpg/440px-Kanelisokerikorppu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Dipping a Finnish cinnamon and sugar flavored <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">korppu</i></span> in coffee</figcaption></figure> <p>A Finnish type of rusk is called <i><a href="/wiki/Finnish_bread#Korppu" title="Finnish bread">korppu</a></i>, usually a dried piece of bun, flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>. <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Korppu</i></span> is a common coffee bread, normally eaten after having been dipped in <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>. A sour version, called <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">hapankorppu</i></span>, is a flat rusk made from <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> flour and salt, and can be eaten like <a href="/wiki/Crispbread" title="Crispbread">crispbread</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zwieback" title="Zwieback">Zwieback</a></div> <p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zwieback</i></span> (literally 'twice baked') is a form of rusk in Germany. Like the Danish and French words, the name refers to being baked or cooked twice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paximathia" title="Paximathia">Paximathia</a></div> <p>The term <i><a href="/wiki/Paximathia" title="Paximathia">paximadi</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">παξιμάδι</span>) covers various forms of Greek rusk, commonly made from <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpea</a> flour, and softened with wine, water, or oil before eating. <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">Paximadi</i></span> form the basis of the Cretan snack <i><a href="/wiki/Dakos" title="Dakos">dakos</a></i> (Greek: <span lang="el">ντάκος</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rusk_from_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rusk_from_India.jpg/220px-Rusk_from_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rusk_from_India.jpg/330px-Rusk_from_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rusk_from_India.jpg/440px-Rusk_from_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Rusks from India</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> rusk (often called toast biscuit) is a traditional dried bread or cake. It is also known as papay, rattan, <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">khasta</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: <span lang="hi">खस्ता</span>), <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">russ</i></span> or cake rusk in <a href="/wiki/Hindi-Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi-Urdu">Hindi-Urdu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> or <span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta-Latn">porai</i></span> <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">பொறை</span></span> in Tamil or <span title="Bengali-language text"><i lang="bn-Latn">kathi biskut</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>. It is usually eaten dipped in milk tea which softens the rusk. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nowdelish.com/nankhatai-recipe/">sweet "cake rusk" version</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is made of cake whose ingredients include wheat flour, sugar, fat, <a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">leavening agent</a>, and, optionally, eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A popular variant is flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Double baked bread in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesia</a> is called <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">bagelen</i></span>, believed to originate from <a href="/wiki/Bagelen,_Purworejo" title="Bagelen, Purworejo">Bagelen</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>. Before the second bake, the bread is smeared with sugar and buttercream. It is usually eaten as a snack. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, rusk is called <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">nān-e sokhāri</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نان سوخاری</span>). It is made from wheat flour, sugar, skimmed milk powder, vegetable oil, gluten, malt extract, soy flour, salt, yeast, and water. It is eaten as a dunking biscuit, particularly with Persian chai (tea). The most common brand of <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">naan sukhaari</i></span> is Vitana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Italy, rusk is called <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">fette biscottate</i></span> (twice-baked slices). It should not be confused with <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">biscotti</i></span> (sweet cookies or biscuits). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF.JPG/220px-%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF.JPG/330px-%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF.JPG/440px-%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Croissant rusk covered with chocolate and nuts, Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>In Japan, rusk is often a delicacy made from baguette, cake or croissant. It is often sweet.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Levant">The Levant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> this form is called <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">boksum</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بقصم</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> or <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">qurshalla</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قرشلة</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. It is made from flour, eggs, oil or butter, sugar, yeast or baking powder, and sometimes a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Cardamon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardamon">cardamon</a>. It is topped with roasted <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> seeds, black <a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">caraway</a> seeds, or anise, and eaten as a dunking biscuit, especially with herbal tea.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands_and_Belgium_(Flanders)"><span id="Netherlands_and_Belgium_.28Flanders.29"></span>Netherlands and Belgium (Flanders)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Netherlands and Belgium (Flanders)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beschuitje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Beschuitje.jpg/220px-Beschuitje.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Beschuitje.jpg/330px-Beschuitje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Beschuitje.jpg/440px-Beschuitje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Dutch-style <i><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">beschuit</i></span></i></figcaption></figure> <p><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beschuit"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Beschuit</i></span></a>, also known as Dutch crispbakes, are light, round, rather crumbly, rusks as eaten in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. When a baby is born in the Netherlands, it is customary to serve <i><a href="/wiki/Beschuit_met_muisjes" class="mw-redirect" title="Beschuit met muisjes">beschuit met muisjes</a></i> (with 'little mice', which are <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">aniseeds</a> covered in a white and pink or blue sugar layer, depending on the newborn's gender). <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Beschuiten</i></span> are also eaten as a breakfast food with a variety of toppings, most commonly butter and sprinkles in flavours such as <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">chocoladehagel</i></span> or <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">chocoladevlokken</i></span>) or fruit (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">vruchtenhagel</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jam</a> or cheese. A longtime Dutch favourite is to serve <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a> on <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">beschuit</i></span>, which is usually topped with sugar or whipped cream. </p><p><i><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Beschuiten</i></span></i> are made by first baking a flat round bread (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">beschuitbol</i></span>), slicing it in half, and then baking each half again, usually at a lower heat. It is almost always sold in rolls; a roll typically has 13 rusks (a <a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_dozen" class="mw-redirect" title="Baker's dozen">baker's dozen</a>). They became popular in the 17th century, as <a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheepsbeschuit">scheepsbeschuit</a>, a food that keeps well during long sea journeys. For that purpose, they were brought in rolls of 100 pieces, which was later halved and then halved again for consumers, rounded up to 13. They became Etymologically, <i><a href="/wiki/Biscotto" class="mw-redirect" title="Biscotto">biscotto</a></i> (16th-century Italian), <i>biscuit</i> (19th century, from 16th-century <i>bisket</i>) and <i><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">beschuit</i></span></i> come from the Latin phrase <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">(panis) bis-coctus</i></span>, '(bread), twice cooked'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Norway, rusk is referred to as <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">kavring</i></span>, and is similar to the Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">skorpor</i></span>. Crushed <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">kavring</i></span>, called <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">strøkavring</i></span>, is used, amongst other things, for making <a href="/wiki/Frikadeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Frikadeller"><i>kjøttkaker</i></a> and in the traditional dessert <i><a href="/wiki/Tilsl%C3%B8rte_bondepiker" title="Tilslørte bondepiker">tilslørte bondepiker</a></i>. <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Kavring</i></span> is also broken up and can be served with regular, soured or cultured milk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Pakistan, rusk is colloquially known as <span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">russ</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl">رس</span>). It is either available as a spherical shape that is akin to a bun or as separate rectangular pieces. It is a popular breakfast food, and is usually eaten by dipping it into milk tea, locally known as <span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">doodh chai</i></span>, to soften it. It is called <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">papay</i></span> (<span title="Punjabi-language text"><span lang="pa" dir="rtl">پاپے</span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Philippine version of rusk is called <i><a href="/wiki/Biscocho" title="Biscocho">biscocho</a></i>. Cake rusks are called <i><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">mamon</a> tostado</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Portuguese version of rusk is called <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">tosta</i></span>. <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Tosta</i></span> is a hard coarse-textured slice of bread – which can be sweet, but most often savory – and it can be of various shapes and thicknesses. It is often ground up and used as <a href="/wiki/Bread_crumbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread crumbs">bread crumbs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Russian version is called <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">sukhar'</i></span> (Cyrillic: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">сухарь</span></span>), from <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">сухой</span></span> 'dry'. They are either baked a second time from sweet <a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">challah</a>-like bread, sliced in <a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">biscotti</a> fashion or made of leftover stale bread, cut into small cubes and air-dried or baked at a very low temperature. The first one is like a cookie, which can be served with milk, <a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">kefir</a>, tea, coffee or cacao. The second one is usually added to soup, clear or otherwise, softening up from absorbed liquids and accompanying it instead of bread. It became a tradition to avoid wasting leftover bread that always was a staple in Russian cuisine. There is much folklore about bread in the Russian language, paying respect to this grain food that is one of the cornerstones of Slavic nations' life and history. Rye bread rusks are the major ingredient in making of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">kvass</a>, a traditional <a href="/wiki/Fermented_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented beverage">fermented beverage</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beskuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Beskuit.jpg/220px-Beskuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Beskuit.jpg/330px-Beskuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Beskuit.jpg/440px-Beskuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>South African <i><span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">beskuit</i></span></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Definition">Definition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rusks</i> is the anglicized term for <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">beskuit</i></span> and is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a> breakfast meal or snack. They have been <a href="/wiki/Drying_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drying (food)">dried</a> in South Africa since the late 1690s as a way of preserving bread, especially when traveling long distances without refrigeration. Their use continued through the <a href="/wiki/Great_Trek" title="Great Trek">Great Trek</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boer_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Wars">Boer Wars</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through to the modern day. Rusks are typically <a href="/wiki/Dunking_(biscuit)" title="Dunking (biscuit)">dunked</a> in coffee or tea before being eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recipe">Recipe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Recipe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusks are essentially double-baked bread dough. Round balls of dough are closely packed in pans and baked like bread, after which long chunks are cut or broken off and slowly re-baked to a dry consistency. Several modern-day, mass-produced versions are available, the most famous brand being <a href="/wiki/Ouma_Rusks" title="Ouma Rusks">Ouma Rusks</a>. Many bakeries, delis, and home industries sell commercial rusks, sometimes made from non-traditional ingredients, such as <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">baking powder</a> rather than sourdough. In addition to plain and <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a> flavours, <a href="/wiki/Aniseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Aniseed">aniseed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wholewheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wholewheat">wholewheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Condensed_milk" title="Condensed milk">condensed milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muesli" title="Muesli">muesli</a>, and lemon <a href="/wiki/Poppyseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Poppyseed">poppyseed</a> variations are also available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krisprolls_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Krisprolls_2.jpg/130px-Krisprolls_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Krisprolls_2.jpg/195px-Krisprolls_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Krisprolls_2.jpg/260px-Krisprolls_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption><i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Skorpa</i></span></i>, a Swedish rusk</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skorpor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skorpor (page does not exist)">Skorpor</a></i> (plural; singular <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">skorpa</i></span>) are a Swedish form of rusk. They are usually unflavoured or flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a>, but can also be flavoured with herbs, dried fruit, nuts, or spices such as <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>. Swedish bakery company <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5gen" title="Pågen">Pågen</a> makes the world's most-sold rusk brand, Krisprolls.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional Swedish way to eat them is dipping them into a beverage such as <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Juice" title="Juice">juice</a>. <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">marmalade</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jam</a> can be added on top; they may be eaten together with a beverage or a fruit soup. </p><p>Rusks are known in Sweden at least since the 16th century. Rusks were provisions in the military units and on ships. Back then they could also be crushed with a hammer and the crumbs ended up in <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Svagdricka" title="Svagdricka">svagdricka</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, rusk is called <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">peksimet</i></span>. <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Pek</i></span> means 'solid, tight, durable' in Turkish and <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">simet/simit</i></span> is an Arabic word (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سميد</span></span>) meaning 'bread' or 'flour'. Another name is <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">galeta</i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the US, commonly available types of rusk include <a href="/wiki/Melba_toast" title="Melba toast">melba toast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croutons" class="mw-redirect" title="Croutons">croutons</a>, which are sold packaged in grocery stores, and <a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">biscotti</a>, which are found both at grocery stores and coffee shops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_crumbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread crumbs">Bread crumbs</a>, an ingredient sometimes used in a similar way to butcher rusk.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_toast" title="Milk toast">Milk toast</a>, some modern store-bought forms of which strongly resemble rusks with slight flavouring and sweeteners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardtack" title="Hardtack">Hardtack</a>, a type of rusk historically eaten aboard ships.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bread_dishes" title="List of bread dishes">List of bread dishes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusk&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_African_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_African_cuisine" title="Template:South African cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_African_cuisine" title="Template talk:South African cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_African_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South African cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_African_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Savoury dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobotie" title="Bobotie">Bobotie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerewors" title="Boerewors">Boerewors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokkoms" title="Bokkoms">Bokkoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_chow" title="Bunny chow">Bunny chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_feet" title="Chicken feet">Chicken feet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikgobe" title="Dikgobe">Dikgobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frikkadel" title="Frikkadel">Frikkadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatsby_(sandwich)" title="Gatsby (sandwich)">Gatsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidudu" title="Isidudu">Isidudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morogo" title="Morogo">Morogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samp" title="Samp">Samp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skilpadjies" title="Skilpadjies">Skilpadjies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosatie" title="Sosatie">Sosatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umngqusho" title="Umngqusho">Umngqusho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterblommetjiebredie" title="Waterblommetjiebredie">Waterblommetjiebredie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealie_bread" title="Mealie bread">Mealie bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pap_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pap (food)">Mieliepap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">Mielie-meal</a> porridge)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potbrood" title="Potbrood">Potbrood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potjiekos" title="Potjiekos">Potjiekos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatlo" title="Spatlo">Spatlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetpatats" title="Soetpatats">Soetpatats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_bredie" title="Tomato bredie">Tomato bredie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">Vetkoek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks, condiments and commodities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biltong" title="Biltong">Biltong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakalaka" title="Chakalaka">Chakalaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dro%C3%ABwors" title="Droëwors">Droëwors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfyt" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfyt">Konfyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_gland_sauce" title="Monkey gland sauce">Monkey gland sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppadew" title="Peppadew">Peppadew</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ouma_Rusks" title="Ouma Rusks">Ouma Rusks</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastries and desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koeksister" title="Koeksister">Koeksisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koe%27sister" title="Koe'sister">Koe'sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malva_pudding" title="Malva pudding">Malva pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melktert" title="Melktert">Melktert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosbolletjies" title="Mosbolletjies">Mosbolletjies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameletjie" title="Tameletjie">Tameletjie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertzoggie" title="Hertzoggie">Hertzoggie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertzoggie#Jan_Smuts_cookies" title="Hertzoggie">Smuts cookies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarula" title="Amarula">Amarula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasi" title="Amasi">Amasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeber" title="Boeber">Boeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooibos_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooibos tea">Rooibos tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springbokkie" title="Springbokkie">Springbokkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umqombothi" title="Umqombothi">Umqombothi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_wine" title="South African wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantia_(wine)" title="Constantia (wine)">Constantia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bread" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bread" title="Template:Bread"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bread" title="Template talk:Bread"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bread" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bread"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bread" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_breads" title="List of breads">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bread" title="Brown bread">Brown bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun" title="Bun">Bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">Flatbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multigrain_bread" title="Multigrain bread">Multigrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_bread" title="Quick bread">Quick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">Rye bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-rising_bread" title="Salt-rising bread">Salt-rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich_bread" title="Sandwich bread">Sandwich bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sourdough" title="Sourdough">Sourdough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprouted_bread" title="Sprouted bread">Sprouted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unleavened_bread" title="Unleavened bread">Unleavened</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_bread" title="White bread">White bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_wheat_bread" title="Whole wheat bread">Whole wheat</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brown bread"><img alt="Brown bread" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg/146px-Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg/219px-Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg/292px-Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2526" data-file-height="1684" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast" title="Baker's yeast">Baker's yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barm" title="Barm">Barm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_propanoate" title="Calcium propanoate">Calcium propanoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dough_conditioner" title="Dough conditioner">Dough conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">Eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">Flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">Leavening agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oven" title="Oven">Oven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_machine" title="Bread machine">Bread machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_pan" title="Bread pan">Bread pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dough_scraper" class="mw-redirect" title="Dough scraper">Dough scraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinograph" title="Farinograph">Farinograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lame_(kitchen_tool)" title="Lame (kitchen tool)">Lame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_(tool)" title="Peel (tool)">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(appliance)" title="Mixer (appliance)">Stand mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_warmer" title="Bread warmer">Warmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaster" title="Toaster">Toaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale" title="Weighing scale">Weighing scales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes and<br />techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autolysis_(biology)" title="Autolysis (biology)">Autolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">Baking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_(bread_baking)" title="Biga (bread baking)">Biga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorleywood_bread_process" title="Chorleywood bread process">Chorleywood bread process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneading" title="Kneading">Kneading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">Leavening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maillard_reaction" title="Maillard reaction">Maillard reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-knead_bread" title="No-knead bread">No-knead bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proofing_(baking_technique)" title="Proofing (baking technique)">Proofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ferment" title="Pre-ferment">Pre-ferment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliced_bread" title="Sliced bread">Pre-slicing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_and_dough" title="Sponge and dough">Sponge and dough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steaming" title="Steaming">Steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_dough" title="Straight dough">Straight dough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_bread" title="Vienna bread">Vienna process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_crumbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread crumbs">Bread crumbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_bowl" title="Bread bowl">Bread bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_pakora" title="Bread pakora">Bread pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_pudding" title="Bread pudding">Bread pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouton" title="Crouton">Croutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_toast" title="French toast">French toast</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast_(food)" title="Toast (food)">Toast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">Bakery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Breadmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_percentage" title="Baker percentage">Baker percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_salt" title="Bread and salt">Bread and salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_in_Europe" title="Bread in Europe">Bread in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_clip" title="Bread clip">Bread clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_breads" title="List of American breads">American breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brand_name_breads" title="List of brand name breads">Brand name breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bread_dishes" title="List of bread dishes">Bread dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bread_rolls" title="List of bread rolls">Bread rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_breads" title="List of British breads">British breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buns" class="mw-redirect" title="List of buns">Buns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_breads" title="List of French breads">French breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_breads" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian breads">Indian breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_breads" title="List of Pakistani breads">Pakistani breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quick_breads" title="List of quick breads">Quick breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sourdough_breads" title="List of sourdough breads">Sourdough breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweet_breads" title="List of sweet breads">Sweet breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_breads" title="List of Swiss breads">Swiss breads</a></li> 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