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<span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-African_Great_Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_Great_Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>African Great Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_Great_Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ghana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ghana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kenya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malawi,_Zambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malawi,_Zambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Malawi, Zambia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malawi,_Zambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zimbabwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zimbabwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Zimbabwe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zimbabwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Similar dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ugali</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsima" title="Nsima – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nsima" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اوگالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوگالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngima" title="Ngima – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ngima" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%AC" title="우갈리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우갈리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Ուգալի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուգալի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Ugali" title="U-Ugali – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="U-Ugali" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubugari" title="Ubugari – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubugari" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali_(estuxa)" title="Ugali (estuxa) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ugali (estuxa)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugalis" title="Ugalis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ugalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="ഉഗാലി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉഗാലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA" title="ウガリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウガリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Угали – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Угали" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ئوگالی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئوگالی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Угалі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Угалі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ugali" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%92%96%E5%93%A9" title="乌咖哩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌咖哩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1435874#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Ugali</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ugali_%26_Sukuma_Wiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ugali_%26_Sukuma_Wiki.jpg/220px-Ugali_%26_Sukuma_Wiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ugali_%26_Sukuma_Wiki.jpg/330px-Ugali_%26_Sukuma_Wiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ugali_%26_Sukuma_Wiki.jpg/440px-Ugali_%26_Sukuma_Wiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="380" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Ugali and <a href="/wiki/Sukuma_wiki" title="Sukuma wiki">sukuma wiki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Collard_greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Collard greens">collard greens</a>)</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Posho, nsima, akume, Ewokple, akple, amawe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Associated <a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">cuisine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kenya, Tanzania</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Maize_meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Maize meal">Maize meal</a> (also known as mielie meal, or ground white <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Similar dishes</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banku_(dish)" title="Banku (dish)">Banku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">fufu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Ugali" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Ugali">Cookbook: Ugali</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ugali" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ugali">Media: Ugali</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ugali</b>, also known as <b>posho</b>, <b>nsima</b>, <b>papa</b>, <b>pap</b>, <b>sadza</b>, <b>isitshwala</b>, <b>akume</b>, <b>amawe</b>, <b>ewokple</b>, <b>akple</b>, and <a href="#Names">other names</a>, is a type of <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn meal</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Maize_flour" title="Maize flour">maize or corn flour</a> in several African countries: <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and in West Africa by the <a href="/wiki/Ewe_people" title="Ewe people">Ewes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cote_D%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Cote D'Ivoire">Cote D'Ivoire</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is cooked in boiling water or <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> until it reaches a stiff or firm <a href="/wiki/Dough" title="Dough">dough</a>-like consistency.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the dish was added to the UNESCO <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity</a>, one of a few foods in the list.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friends_at_Chikondi_Malawi_eating_nsima,_ndiwo_and_masamba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Friends_at_Chikondi_Malawi_eating_nsima%2C_ndiwo_and_masamba.jpg/220px-Friends_at_Chikondi_Malawi_eating_nsima%2C_ndiwo_and_masamba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Friends_at_Chikondi_Malawi_eating_nsima%2C_ndiwo_and_masamba.jpg/330px-Friends_at_Chikondi_Malawi_eating_nsima%2C_ndiwo_and_masamba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Friends_at_Chikondi_Malawi_eating_nsima%2C_ndiwo_and_masamba.jpg/440px-Friends_at_Chikondi_Malawi_eating_nsima%2C_ndiwo_and_masamba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4284" data-file-height="3022" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawian</a> children eating nsima, ndiwo, and masamba</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG/220px-Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG/330px-Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG/440px-Ugali_with_beef_and_sauce.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Ugali with beef and sauce</figcaption></figure> <p>This dish is eaten widely across Africa, where it has different local names: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><i>Agidi</i> – <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><i>Akple</i> – <a href="/wiki/Ewe_people" title="Ewe people">Ewe</a>, <i>Akumè</i> – <a href="/wiki/Gen_language" title="Gen language">Mina</a> – <a href="/wiki/Togolese_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Togolese Republic">Togo</a></li> <li><i>Aseeda</i> – Sudan</li> <li><i>Busuma</i> [Bukusu] – Kenya</li> <li><i>Bando</i> – <a href="/wiki/Soga_people" title="Soga people">Soga</a>, Uganda</li> <li><i>Bidia</i> – <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Bugali</i> – <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, DR Congo, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><i>Buhobe</i> – <a href="/wiki/Lozi_people" title="Lozi people">Lozi</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Buru</i> – <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luo_people_(Kenya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luo people (Kenya)">Luo</a></li> <li><i>Busima</i> – <a href="/wiki/Bagisu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagisu">Bagisu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><i>Chenge</i> – Kenya, Luo</li> <li><i>Chima</i> – <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><i>Couscous de Cameroon</i> – <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><i>Dona</i></li> <li><i>Fitah</i> – Sudan, South Sudan, Congo</li> <li><i>Foutou</i> – Ivory Coast</li> <li><i>Fufu</i> – Sierra Leone, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><i>Funge de milho</i> – Angola (northern)</li> <li><i>Sadza</i> – Kalanga, Zimbabwe</li> <li><i>Isitshwala</i> – Zimbabwean <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_people" title="Northern Ndebele people">Ndebele</a></li> <li><i>Isishwala</i> – South Africa, <a href="/wiki/Bhaca_people" title="Bhaca people">Bhaca people</a></li> <li><i>Kawunga</i> – <a href="/wiki/Ganda_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganda people">Ganda</a>, Uganda</li> <li><i>Kimnyet</i> – <a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_people" title="Kalenjin people">Kalenjin</a>, Kenya</li> <li><i>Kuon</i> – <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luo_people_(Kenya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luo people (Kenya)">Luo</a></li> <li><i>Kwen wunga</i> – <a href="/wiki/Alur_language" title="Alur language">Alur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><i>Lipalishi</i> – Eswatini</li> <li><i>Mdoko</i> – <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><i>Mieliepap – </i><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a><i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a><i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Mogo</i> – Kenya, Luo</li> <li><i>Moteke</i> – DR Congo<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Mutuku</i> – South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Nfundi</i> – <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ngima</i> – <a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Kamba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a>, Kenya</li> <li><i>Nkima</i> – Kenya, <a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a></li> <li><i>Nshima</i> – DR Congo Kasai region</li> <li><i>Nsima</i> – Malawi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zambia<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Obokima</i> – Kenya, <a href="/wiki/Kisii_people" title="Kisii people">Kisii</a></li> <li><i>Obusuma</i> – Kenya, <a href="/wiki/Nyole_tribe_(Luhya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyole tribe (Luhya)">Nyole tribe</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Eko</i> – Nigeria, Yoruba</li> <li><i>Oshifima</i> – Namibia <a href="/wiki/Ovambo_people" title="Ovambo people">Ovambo</a></li> <li><i>Phaletšhe</i> – <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> (Setswana)</li> <li><i>Pap</i> – Botswana, Namibia, South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Papa/Bogobe</i> – Lesotho,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pâte</i> [French] – Togo, Benin</li> <li><i>Phuthu/phalishi</i> – Zulu people, South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pirão</i> – Angola (southern)</li> <li><i>Posho</i> – <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Saab</i> – <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kusasi_people" title="Kusasi people">Kusasi</a></li> <li><i>Sadza</i> – <a href="/wiki/Shona_people" title="Shona people">Shona</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sakora</i> – Nigeria</li> <li><i>Sakoro</i> – Ghana</li> <li><i>Sembe</i> – Tanzania, Kenya slang</li> <li><i>Shadza</i> – <a href="/wiki/Kalanga_people" title="Kalanga people">Kalanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><i>Shima</i></li> <li><i>Shishima</i> – Zambia</li> <li><i>Sima</i> – Kenya, Chewa,<sup id="cite_ref-:022_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_people" title="Tumbuka people">Tumbuka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Soor</i> – <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Tuozafi</i> (or <i>T.Z.</i>) – Ghana</li> <li><i>Tuwo</i> – Hausa, Nigeria</li> <li><i>Ubugali</i> – Rwanda</li> <li><i>Ubwali</i> – <a href="/wiki/Bemba_people" title="Bemba people">Bemba</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ugali</i> – Kenya,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi, Mozambique, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uganda,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yao_people_(East_Africa)" title="Yao people (East Africa)">Yao</a>, Swahili</li> <li><i>Um'ratha</i> – Ndebele people, South Africa</li> <li><i>Upswa</i> – Mozambique<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Bohobe</i> – Sotho, South Africa, Lesotho</li> <li><i>Vhuswa</i> – <a href="/wiki/Venda_people" title="Venda people">Venda people</a>, South Africa</li> <li><i>Vuswa</i> – Tsonga people, South Africa</li> <li><i>Wari</i> – Mijikenda tribes, Kenyan Coast</li> <li><i>Xima</i> – Mozambique<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009137-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>ugali</i> is an <a href="/wiki/African_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="African languages">African</a> term derived from <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>; it is also widely known as <i>nsima</i> in Malawian languages such as <a href="/wiki/Chichewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichewa">Chichewa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chitumbuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitumbuka">Chitumbuka</a>. In parts of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, the dish also goes by the informal name of <i>sembe or ugali</i>. In Zimbabwe it is known as sadza in Chishona or isitshwala in Ndebele<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans (language)">Afrikaans</a> name <i>(mielie) pap</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch (language)">Dutch</a>, in which the term means "(corn) <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_ugali.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Night_ugali.jpg/220px-Night_ugali.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Night_ugali.jpg/330px-Night_ugali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Night_ugali.jpg/440px-Night_ugali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Yawo women preparing ugali for a large gathering</figcaption></figure> <p>Ugali was introduced in Africa shortly after the Portuguese had introduced maize. Maize was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> between the 16th and 17th centuries. Before this, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a> were the staple <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a> in most of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>. African farmers readily accepted maize as its <a href="/wiki/Plant_cultivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant cultivation">cultivation</a> was very similar to that of sorghum but with significantly higher yields. Eventually, maize displaced sorghum as the primary cereal in all but the drier regions. The full replacement of these crops with maize took place in the latter half of the twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009139_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCann2009139-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Malawi, they have a saying 'chimanga ndi moyo' which translates to 'maize is life'.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nshima/nsima is still sometimes made from sorghum flour though it is quite uncommon to find this. <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a>, which was also introduced from the Americas, can also be used to make nshima/nsima, either exclusively or mixed with maize flour. In Malawi nsima made from cassava (chinangwa) is localized to the lakeshore areas, however, when maize harvests are poor, cassava nsima can be found all over the country.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_Great_Lakes">African Great Lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: African Great Lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ugali (when it is cooked as porridge, it is called uji) is served with sweet potatoes, ripe bananas, Irish potatoes and even bread. Solid ugali is usually served with traditional vegetables, stew or sukuma-wiki (also known as collard greens).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most common <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple</a> <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a> featured in the local cuisines of the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> region and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>. When ugali is made from another starch, it is usually given a specific regional name.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional method of eating ugali (and the most common in rural areas) is to roll a lump into a ball with the right hand and then dip it into a sauce or stew of <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a> or <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>. Making a depression with the thumb allows the ugali to scoop, and wrap around pieces of meat to pick them up in the same way that flatbread is used in other cultures. Leftover ugali can also be eaten with tea the following morning.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ugali is relatively inexpensive and thus easily accessible to the poor, who usually combine it with a meat or vegetable stew (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Sukuma_wiki" title="Sukuma wiki">sukuma wiki</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>) to make a filling meal. Ugali is easy to make, and the flour can last for a considerable time in average conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ghana">Ghana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ghana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuo_zaafi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tuo_zaafi.jpg/220px-Tuo_zaafi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tuo_zaafi.jpg/330px-Tuo_zaafi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tuo_zaafi.jpg/440px-Tuo_zaafi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Tuo zaafi</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg/220px-A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg/330px-A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg/440px-A_woman_stirring_TZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>A woman stirring <i>sagtulga</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg/220px-Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Tuo_Zaafi_and_ayoyo_soup.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption><i>Tuo zaafi</i> and <i>ayoyo</i> soup</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Sagtulga</i> (Dagbani: saɣituliga, Hausa:<i>tuo zaafi</i>), or <i>diehuo</i>, is a popular main dish for the people of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>. Sagtulga is a main meal eaten with soupy accompaniments such as okro soup. It is most common in the country's northern regions: <a href="/wiki/Northern_Region_(Ghana)" title="Northern Region (Ghana)">Northern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Region" title="Upper East Region">Upper East</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Region" title="Upper West Region">Upper West</a>. The dish is usually eaten for dinner, yet some people (for example, farmers and manual workers) have it for breakfast or lunch. It is usually eaten with blended <i><a href="/wiki/Corchorus_olitorius" title="Corchorus olitorius">Corchorus olitorius</a></i> leaves (Dagbani: <i>salinvogu</i>, Hausa: <i>ayoyo</i>, <i>molokai</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and okro (<i><a href="/wiki/Abelmoschus_esculentus" class="mw-redirect" title="Abelmoschus esculentus">Abelmoschus esculentus</a></i>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with stew on the side. </p><p>The dish consists of cooked maize dough with a little dried cassava dough and <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> without <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, it is prepared with <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a> dough,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is indigenous to Ghana's north.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is mainly eaten with green <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_soup" title="Vegetable soup">vegetable soup</a> made from bitter leaves, or sometimes freshly pounded cassava leaves. It can be accompanied with a variety of soups, including okra and groundnut soup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenya">Kenya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kenya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a> culture, it is the most common <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple starch</a>, but it is also a key part of Luhya wedding traditions; <i>obusuma</i> prepared from millet (known as <i>obusuma bwo bule</i>) was traditionally included among delicacies on a bride's high table. <i>Obusuma</i> can also be prepared from other starches like sorghum or cassava (<i>obusuma bwo 'muoko</i>). <i>Obusuma</i> is commonly served with <i>tsimboka</i>, or <i>etsifwa</i>, <i>eliani</i> (vegetables), <i>inyama</i> (meat), <i>inyeni</i> (fish), <i>thimena</i> (<a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">whitebait</a>) or <i>omrere</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a> leaves). For distinguished guests or visitors, it is usually served with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingokho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingokho (page does not exist)">ingokho</a></i> (chicken). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg/220px-Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg/330px-Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg/440px-Eating_Ugali_in_Kenya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1287" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>Eating ugali in Kenya</figcaption></figure> <p>Ugali is prepared from ground white corn similar to how tamales are made from yellow corn in Central America. In most homes the ugali makes up most of the meal, with vegetables or meat as accompaniments. In wealthier homes, or for special occasions, the ugali is served with abundant savory vegetables and meats in spicy gravy. It resembles mashed potatoes served in American homes. In Kenya, a smidgen of thick ugali is grasped in hand and the thumb is depressed in the center to form a spoon for scooping—a form of edible silverware. While the thumb and fingers may get a bit messy with this method, the way of eating food is culturally significant in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malawi,_Zambia"><span id="Malawi.2C_Zambia"></span>Malawi, Zambia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Malawi, Zambia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nsima_Relishes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nsima_Relishes.JPG/220px-Nsima_Relishes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nsima_Relishes.JPG/330px-Nsima_Relishes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nsima_Relishes.JPG/440px-Nsima_Relishes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>Nsima (top right corner) with three <a href="/wiki/Relish" title="Relish">relishes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nsima is a dish made from <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> flour (white <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a>) and water and is a <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> (nsima/ubwali) and <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> (nsima).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The maize flour is first boiled with water into a <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-experiencemalawi.com_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-experiencemalawi.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in Zambia, left to simmer for a few minutes before it is 'paddled', to create a thick paste with the addition of more flour. This process requires the maker to pull the thick paste against the side of a pot with a flat wooden spoon (nthiko in Malawi, m'tiko/umwiko in Zambia) quickly whilst it continues to sit over the heat. Once cooked the resulting nshima/nsima is portioned using a wooden/plastic spoon dipped in water or coated in oil called a chipande (Malawi), and chipampa (Zambia). In Malawi each of these portions is called a ntanda.<sup id="cite_ref-experiencemalawi.com_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-experiencemalawi.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nsima is always eaten with <a href="/wiki/Side_dishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Side dishes">side dishes</a>, known as "relish". These can be mushrooms such as <a href="/wiki/Lactarius_kabansus" title="Lactarius kabansus">kabansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amanita_zambiana" title="Amanita zambiana">tente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantharellus" title="Cantharellus">chitondo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Termitomyces_titanicus" title="Termitomyces titanicus">ichikolowa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> sources such as game, <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">fish</a>, groundnuts (<a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chikanda" title="Chikanda">chikanda</a> (orchid and peanut dish), beans; and <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a> leaves, bean leaves, white garden eggs known as impwa in Zambia (these are small oblong shaped white <a href="/wiki/Solanum_aethiopicum" title="Solanum aethiopicum">solanum</a> fruit), <a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">amaranth</a> leaves, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustard (plant)">mustard</a> leaves, <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>, etc. In Zambia, side dishes are called <i>ndiyo</i> in <a href="/wiki/Nyanja" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyanja">Nyanja</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa</a> and umunani in <a href="/wiki/Bemba_language" title="Bemba language">Bemba</a>. <i>Ndiwo</i> in Malawi refers to the protein dishes and the vegetable sides are known as <i>masamba</i>. The protein dishes are usually grilled, or in the form of stew. In both Malawi and Zambia, nsima is often eaten with dried fish (<i>utaka</i>, Malawi) or dried vegetables. Hot peppers or condiments like homemade hot pepper sauces from <a href="/wiki/Peri-peri" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri-peri">peri-peri</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kambuzi" title="Kambuzi">Kambuzi</a> chili peppers or commercial chili sauces like <a href="/wiki/Nali_Sauce" title="Nali Sauce">Nali Sauce</a> are usually served with the nshima meal. </p><p>Traditionally, diners sit around a table or on the floor surrounding the meal. The diners have to wash their hands as nshima/nsima is eaten with bare hands. This is done with a bowl of water. Alternatively the host or one of the younger people present pours water from a jug over the hands of the elders or guests into a bowl. Eating is done by taking a small lump into one's right palm, rolling it into a ball and dipping it into the relish. Using the right thumb to indent the nshima ball is a technique used by advanced nshima diners in order to easily scoop the relish or sauce of the dish. In Zambia, <i>umuto</i> (Bemba language) refers to the drippings/broth/sauce of a side dish or stew; and the act of scooping an ample amount of it with a nshima ball is called <i>inkondwa</i>. The statement, "<i>umuto wankondwa</i>" loosely translates to "sauce to allow for <i>inkondwa</i>". As with many African <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">traditions</a>, age is very important. Washing before the meal, eating, and washing after the meal generally starts with the oldest person, followed by everyone else in turn by age. </p><p>Nsima is relatively cheap and affordable for most of the population, although occasionally prices have risen due to shortages, contributing to economic and political instability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <i>akamu</i>, <i>ogi</i> or <i>Koko</i> has a consistency similar to that of American pudding.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ogi/Akamu in Nigeria is generally accompanied with "<a href="/wiki/Moin_moin" title="Moin moin">moin moin</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">bean</a> <a href="/wiki/Pudding" title="Pudding">pudding</a>, or "<a href="/wiki/Acaraj%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarajé">akara</a>", which is a <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">bean</a> <a href="/wiki/Cake" title="Cake">cake</a>. There is also the thicker variety, called Eko among the Yorubas, Agidi among the Igbos. The pudding is cooked on heat until it is thicken. It is traditionally wrapped in leaves with botanical name <i><a href="/wiki/Thaumatococcus_daniellii" title="Thaumatococcus daniellii">Thaumatococcus daniellii</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yorubas call it <i>Ewe Eran</i> while the Igbos call it <i>Akwukwo Elele</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is usually paired with a variety of vegetables soups and sauces for a light meal or it can be eaten with beans or its by products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pap, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>/</a></span></span>, also known as <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">mieliepap</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> for <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> porridge) in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> of the <a href="/wiki/African_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="African peoples">African</a> peoples of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a> (the Afrikaans word <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">pap</i></span> is taken from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> and means merely "<a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>") made from <a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">maize-meal</a> (coarsely ground maize). Many traditional Southern African dishes include pap, such as smooth maize meal porridge (also called <i>slap pap</i> or soft porridge), pap with a very thick consistency that can be held in hand (<i>stywe pap</i> or firm porridge) and a more dry crumbly phuthu pap (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>: <i lang="af">krummelpap</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Phuthu dishes are usually found in the coastal areas of South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variety of <a href="/wiki/Savoury_(small_dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoury (small dish)">savouries</a> can be used to accompany pap, made from <a href="/wiki/Green_vegetable" class="mw-redirect" title="Green vegetable">green vegetables</a>, and flavored with <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili</a>. </p><p>South Africans in the northern parts of South Africa eat it as the <a href="/wiki/Breakfast" title="Breakfast">breakfast</a> staple, with <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, butter, and <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, but also serve it with <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomato</a> stew (usually tomato and <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>) at other meals. When they have a <a href="/wiki/Braai" class="mw-redirect" title="Braai">braai</a>, <i>Bogobe</i> or "Stywe" (stiff) pap with a savoury sauce like tomato and onion or mushroom is an important part of the meal. Phutu pap is popularly served with <a href="/wiki/Boerewors" title="Boerewors">boerewors</a>, a combination that later became known as <a href="/wiki/List_of_African_dishes" title="List of African dishes">pap en wors</a> (also called "pap en vleis", which can include other braaied or stewed meats).<sup id="cite_ref-franklinesquarespace_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-franklinesquarespace-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Province" title="Cape Province">Cape Province</a> of South Africa, it is almost exclusively seen as a breakfast food. Since mielie-meal is inexpensive, poor people combine it with <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a>. It can be served hot or, after it has cooled, it can be <a href="/wiki/Frying" title="Frying">fried</a>. Phutu porridge is sometimes enjoyed with <a href="/wiki/Chakalaka" title="Chakalaka">chakalaka</a> as a side dish with braais.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In the northern provinces pap is usually soft and made using a fermented maize batter which prevents the pap from spoiling quick due to the fact that northern provinces are much hotter than the south. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uphuthu_%26_Skop_meal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Uphuthu_%26_Skop_meal.jpg/220px-Uphuthu_%26_Skop_meal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Uphuthu_%26_Skop_meal.jpg/330px-Uphuthu_%26_Skop_meal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Uphuthu_%26_Skop_meal.jpg/440px-Uphuthu_%26_Skop_meal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>A dish of uphuthu (right) served with skop (meat from the head of a cow)</figcaption></figure> <p>Uphuthu is a South African method of cooking <a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">mealie meal</a> whereby the end product is a finely textured coarse grain-like meal which is typically enjoyed with an accompaniment of vegetables and meat in <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">Kwa Zulu Natal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a> regions of South Africa or as the star of the dish with <a href="/wiki/Amasi" title="Amasi">amasi</a> or maas in the <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> regions. Some cultures add sugar to uphuthu and amasi to enjoy it as a sweet treat that would resemble cereal, however the corn-based stable is typically enjoyed as is with amasi. </p><p>Phuthu or Uphuthu (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span>), also incorrectly spelled as putu or phutu, is a traditional preparation method of maize meal in <a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African cuisine</a>. It is a crumbly or grainy type of pap or <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>, eaten by most cultural groups in South Africa. Phuthu is often eaten with meat, beans, gravy and <a href="/wiki/Amasi" title="Amasi">sour milk</a>. </p><p>The texture and consistency of uphuthu is often a deciding factor in what dishes will accompany it. For example, amasi or mass is usually prepared with a more finely-textured phuthu, whereas stews and curries are often served with a more clumped variety, leaning towards stiff-pap. Finely-textured phuthu has a tendency of being severely dehydrated (dry), depending on the cook's skill in working the dish. Such a severely dehydrated phuthu would often be served with stews, leafy vegetables, and many other savoury dishes containing moisture. Conversely, such dehydrated phuthu would not be suited to a dish of amasi or mass, because the steeping or soaking process would result in a paste-like dish, whereas amasi is preferred to be chewy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Zimbabwe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People_cooking_Pap_(food)_(Phaleche)_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/People_cooking_Pap_%28food%29_%28Phaleche%29_7.jpg/220px-People_cooking_Pap_%28food%29_%28Phaleche%29_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/People_cooking_Pap_%28food%29_%28Phaleche%29_7.jpg/330px-People_cooking_Pap_%28food%29_%28Phaleche%29_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/People_cooking_Pap_%28food%29_%28Phaleche%29_7.jpg/440px-People_cooking_Pap_%28food%29_%28Phaleche%29_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A man and a woman cooking Sadza in <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Domboshaba" title="Domboshaba">Domboshaba</a> Cultural festival 2017)</figcaption></figure> <p>Sadza in <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a> or Isitshwala in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Ndebele_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean Ndebele language">isiNdebele</a> is a cooked <a href="/wiki/Maize_meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Maize meal">maize meal</a> that is the <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sadza is made with finely ground dry maize/corn <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">mealie-meal</a>). This maize meal is referred to as <i>impuphu</i> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language" title="Northern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a> or <span title="Shona-language text"><i lang="sn">hupfu</i></span> in Shona. Despite the fact that maize is an imported food crop to Zimbabwe (c. 1890), it has become the chief source of <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a> and the most popular meal for indigenous people. Locals either purchase the mealie meal in retail outlets or produce it in a grinding <a href="/wiki/Gristmill" title="Gristmill">mill</a> from their own maize. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Zimbabwe" title="Demographics of Zimbabwe">Zimbabweans</a> prefer white maize meal. However, during times of <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> or hardship, they resorted to eating yellow maize meal, which is sometimes called "Kenya", because it was once imported from <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">that nation</a>. Before the introduction of maize, sadza was made from <i>mapfunde</i> <a href="/wiki/Finger_millet" title="Finger millet">finger millet</a>. In recent times, young people in Zimbabwe tend to prefer rice to sadza or isitshwala.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Grain Millers Association of Zimbabwe (GMAZ) National Chairman Tafadzwa Musarara commented that the future working class will be eating less sadza and more of rice and bread as alternatives.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sadza is typically served on individual plates, but traditionally sadza was eaten from a <a href="/wiki/Communal_bowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Communal bowl">communal bowl</a>, a tradition that is still maintained by some families mainly in the rural areas. It is generally eaten with the right hand without the aid of cutlery; often rolled into a ball before being dipped into a variety of condiments such as <a href="/wiki/Sauce" title="Sauce">sauce</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">gravy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sour_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sour milk">sour milk</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stewed</a> <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable foods eaten with sadza include: </p><p>Meat is known as <i>nyama</i> in Shona. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">Red meat</a> – includes <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutton">mutton</a>, goat and <a href="/wiki/Game_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Game meat">game meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_hoof" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow hoof">Cow hoof</a> – mazondo, amanqgina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxtail" title="Oxtail">Oxtail</a></li> <li>Other food stuff include intestine (<a href="/wiki/Tripe" title="Tripe">tripe</a>), <a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">offal</a>, zvemukati (includes mathumbu, maphaphu, isibindi, utwane, ulusu, umbendeni; in Shona known as matumbu), sun-dried vegetables known as Mfushwa and many more</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_meat" title="White meat">White meat</a> – includes huku – chicken meat, fish</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a> (hove in Shona), including the small dried fish <a href="/wiki/Kapenta" title="Kapenta">Kapenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonimbrasia_belina" title="Gonimbrasia belina">Mopane worms / madora</a> – edible moth caterpillar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_greens" title="Spring greens">Spring greens</a> – known as imibhida in the Ndebele language, muriwo in the Shona language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaseolus_lunatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaseolus lunatus">Sugar Beans</a> – known as nyemba in Shona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">Cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derere" class="mw-redirect" title="Derere">Derere</a> <a href="/wiki/Derere" class="mw-redirect" title="Derere">Derere</a> – <a href="/wiki/Okra" title="Okra">okra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleome_gynandra" title="Cleome gynandra">Cleome gynandra</a> (ulude in Ndebele) / nyevhe in Shona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">Pumpkin</a> – leaves known as muboora in Shona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soured_milk" title="Soured milk">Soured milk</a> natural yogurt (known as <a href="/wiki/Amasi" title="Amasi">amasi</a> in Ndebele or <a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni languages</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, mukaka wakakora in <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a>, or lacto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soya_chunks" class="mw-redirect" title="Soya chunks">Soya Chunks</a></li> <li>Soups and stews</li> <li>Ox bone</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_dishes">Similar dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Similar dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar dishes are <a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a> from northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, gh'omi (ღომი) from Georgia, and <a href="/wiki/Grits" title="Grits">grits</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">southern United States</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">Fufu</a></i>, a starch-based food from West and Central Africa, may also be made from maize meal, in which case it may be called <i>fufu corn</i>. In the Caribbean, similar dishes are <i><a href="/wiki/Cou-cou" title="Cou-cou">cou-cou</a></i> (Barbados), <i>funchi</i> (Curaçao and Aruba), and <i>funjie</i> (Virgin Islands). It is known as <i>funche</i> in Puerto Rican cuisine and <i>mayi moulin</i> in <a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dishes similar to pap include <a href="/wiki/Banku_(dish)" title="Banku (dish)">banku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isidudu" title="Isidudu">isidudu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Umngqusho" title="Umngqusho">umngqusho</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ugali and cabbage"><img alt="Ugali and cabbage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg/120px-Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg/180px-Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg/240px-Ugali_and_cabbage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2183" data-file-height="1912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ugali and <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phutu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phutu, pictured with tomato-based relish in the foreground"><img alt="Phutu, pictured with tomato-based relish in the foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Phutu.jpg/120px-Phutu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Phutu.jpg/180px-Phutu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Phutu.jpg/240px-Phutu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="994" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phutu, pictured with tomato-based relish in the foreground</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goat_Offal.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A meal of sadza (right), greens, and goat offal. The goat's small intestines are wrapped around small pieces of large intestines before cooking."><img alt="A meal of sadza (right), greens, and goat offal. The goat's small intestines are wrapped around small pieces of large intestines before cooking." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Goat_Offal.JPG/120px-Goat_Offal.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Goat_Offal.JPG/180px-Goat_Offal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Goat_Offal.JPG/240px-Goat_Offal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4352" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A meal of sadza <i>(right)</i>, greens, and goat <a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">offal</a>. The goat's small intestines are wrapped around small pieces of large intestines before cooking.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ugali and usipa (small fish), staples of the Yawo people of the African Great Lakes"><img alt="Ugali and usipa (small fish), staples of the Yawo people of the African Great Lakes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg/120px-Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg/180px-Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg/240px-Yawo_food_staples_-_ugali_and_usipa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="956" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ugali and <a href="/wiki/Usipa" title="Usipa">usipa</a> (small fish), staples of the Yawo people of the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapati" title="Chapati">Chapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">Cornmeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">Fufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grits" title="Grits">Grits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_dishes" title="List of African dishes">List of African dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_dishes" title="List of maize dishes">List of maize dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_porridges" title="List of porridges">List of porridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soups" title="List of soups">List of soups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moin_moin" title="Moin moin">Moin moin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83liga" class="mw-redirect" title="Mămăliga">Mămăliga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people#Food" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg food</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tasteoftheplace.com/ugali-kenyan-cornmeal/">"Ugali - a Kenyan cornmeal"</a>. <i>Taste Of The Place</i>. 16 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CooksInfo&rft.atitle=Nsima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooksinfo.com%2Fnsima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-experiencemalawi.com-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-experiencemalawi.com_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-experiencemalawi.com_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150506213156/http://www.experiencemalawi.com/malawi_focus/20091510-nsima-staple-food-of-malawi.html">"Nsima: The staple food of Malawi"</a>. <i>experiencemalawi.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.experiencemalawi.com/malawi_focus/20091510-nsima-staple-food-of-malawi.html">the original</a> on 6 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=experiencemalawi.com&rft.atitle=Nsima%3A+The+staple+food+of+Malawi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.experiencemalawi.com%2Fmalawi_focus%2F20091510-nsima-staple-food-of-malawi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulp2000" class="citation book cs1">Kulp, Karel (28 March 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gtqEWcA73BEC&pg=PA166"><i>Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-8294-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-8294-8"><bdi>978-0-8247-8294-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Cereal+Science+and+Technology%2C+Second+Edition%2C+Revised+and+Expanded&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2000-03-28&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-8294-8&rft.aulast=Kulp&rft.aufirst=Karel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgtqEWcA73BEC%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guardian.ng/features/moi-moi-leaf-plant-prevents-kidney-liver-damage/">"Moi-moi leaf plant prevents kidney, liver damage"</a>. <i>The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News</i>. 8 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+Nigeria+News+-+Nigeria+and+World+News&rft.atitle=Moi-moi+leaf+plant+prevents+kidney%2C+liver+damage&rft.date=2018-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguardian.ng%2Ffeatures%2Fmoi-moi-leaf-plant-prevents-kidney-liver-damage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guardian.ng/features/moi-moi-leaf-plant-prevents-kidney-liver-damage/">"Moi-moi leaf plant prevents kidney, liver damage"</a>. 8 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moi-moi+leaf+plant+prevents+kidney%2C+liver+damage&rft.date=2018-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguardian.ng%2Ffeatures%2Fmoi-moi-leaf-plant-prevents-kidney-liver-damage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rainbowcooking.co.nz/recipes/putu-pap-krummelpap-crumbly-porridge.html">"Putu pap / Krummelpap / Crumbly porridge | Rainbow Cooking"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putu+pap+%2F+Krummelpap+%2F+Crumbly+porridge+%26%23124%3B+Rainbow+Cooking&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainbowcooking.co.nz%2Frecipes%2Fputu-pap-krummelpap-crumbly-porridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epersianfood.com/phutu/">"Phutu Recipe (African Maize Flour Porridge)"</a>. <i>EpersianFood</i>. 7 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EpersianFood&rft.atitle=Phutu+Recipe+%28African+Maize+Flour+Porridge%29&rft.date=2020-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epersianfood.com%2Fphutu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-franklinesquarespace-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-franklinesquarespace_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206090443/http://frankline-ozekhome.squarespace.com/?offset=1491473913711">"TINK"</a>. <i>frankline-ozekhome.squarespace.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frankline-ozekhome.squarespace.com/?offset=1491473913711">the original</a> on 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=frankline-ozekhome.squarespace.com&rft.atitle=TINK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrankline-ozekhome.squarespace.com%2F%3Foffset%3D1491473913711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosengarten2012" class="citation web cs1">Rosengarten, David (3 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wine4food.com/food/south-africa-part-2/">"Foods of South Africa: The Roots"</a>. <i>Wine4Food</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wine4Food&rft.atitle=Foods+of+South+Africa%3A+The+Roots&rft.date=2012-10-03&rft.aulast=Rosengarten&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wine4food.com%2Ffood%2Fsouth-africa-part-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethnicfoodsrus.com/around-the-world-recipes/african-cuisine/zimbabwean-cuisine/traditional-plain-zimbabwean-sadza/">"Traditional Plain Zimbabwean Sadza Recipe"</a>. <i>Ethnic Foods R Us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnic+Foods+R+Us&rft.atitle=Traditional+Plain+Zimbabwean+Sadza+Recipe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethnicfoodsrus.com%2Faround-the-world-recipes%2Fafrican-cuisine%2Fzimbabwean-cuisine%2Ftraditional-plain-zimbabwean-sadza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cite.org.zw/students-fed-up-with-isitshwala-and-cabbage/">"Students fed up with Isitshwala and cabbage – #Asakhe – CITE"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Students+fed+up+with+Isitshwala+and+cabbage+%E2%80%93+%23Asakhe+%E2%80%93+CITE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcite.org.zw%2Fstudents-fed-up-with-isitshwala-and-cabbage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cite.org.zw/young-zimbabweans-prefer-rice-to-isitshwala/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Young Zimbabweans prefer rice to isitshwala' – #Asakhe – CITE"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Young+Zimbabweans+prefer+rice+to+isitshwala%27+%E2%80%93+%23Asakhe+%E2%80%93+CITE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcite.org.zw%2Fyoung-zimbabweans-prefer-rice-to-isitshwala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldfood.guide/dish/sadza/">"Sadza"</a>. <i>worldfood.guide</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldfood.guide&rft.atitle=Sadza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldfood.guide%2Fdish%2Fsadza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadet2018" class="citation news cs1">Kadet, Anne (31 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-citys-little-haiti-makes-a-big-impression-1533045601">"New York City's 'Little Haiti' Makes a Big Impression"</a>. <i>wsj.com</i>. Wall Street Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=wsj.com&rft.atitle=New+York+City%27s+%27Little+Haiti%27+Makes+a+Big+Impression&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft.aulast=Kadet&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnew-york-citys-little-haiti-makes-a-big-impression-1533045601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: General and cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCann2009" class="citation book cs1">McCann, James C. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CAhgpbXzq0oC&q=seasons+and&pg=PR4"><i>Stirring the Pot: A History of African Cuisine</i></a>. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780896802728" title="Special:BookSources/9780896802728"><bdi>9780896802728</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stirring+the+Pot%3A+A+History+of+African+Cuisine&rft.place=Athens%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780896802728&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCAhgpbXzq0oC%26q%3Dseasons%2Band%26pg%3DPR4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encounter.co.za/article/32.html">South African Cuisine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.runetwork.de/html/en/index.html?article_id=142">Basic phutu recipe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phuthu.co.za/2009/02/19/what-is-phuthucoza/">What is Phuthu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following books, set in Zimbabwe, discuss the characters eating the Zimbabwean staple, sadza: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDangarembga,_Tsitsi1988" class="citation book cs1">Dangarembga, Tsitsi (1988). <a href="/wiki/Nervous_Conditions" title="Nervous Conditions"><i>Nervous Conditions</i></a>. Ayebia Clark Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nervous+Conditions&rft.pub=Ayebia+Clark+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Dangarembga%2C+Tsitsi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUgali" class="Z3988"></span> is a semi-autobiographical novel focused on the story of a Rhodesian family in post-colonial Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe), during the 1960s.</li> <li>In Douglas Rogers' book <i>The Last Resort: A Memoir of Zimbabwe</i> (September 2009), Naomi, an elderly <a href="/wiki/Malawian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawian">Malawian</a> woman whom Rogers calls "Mrs. John", brings her husband, John Muranda, the other John, John Agoneka, and Rogers bowls of warm sadza, which Rogers explains "Mrs. John" cooks daily, over a wood fire outside the Murandas' home. (Crown/Random House, LLC, ASIN: B002PXFYIS, Chapter 4, page 23).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugali&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ugali" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ugali">Ugali</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051120124109/http://www.museums.org.za/bio/plants/poaceae/zea_mays.htm">A brief history of maize</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/features/2004/03/our_man_in_zambia_08.shtml">BBC article about nshima</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maize_and_corn" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corn" title="Template:Corn"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corn" title="Template talk:Corn"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corn" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corn"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maize_and_corn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize and corn</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amylomaize" title="Amylomaize">Amylomaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_corn" title="Baby corn">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_corn" title="Blue corn">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dent_corn" title="Dent corn">Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_corn" title="Field corn">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_corn" title="Flint corn">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_corn" title="Flour corn">Flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_maize" title="Genetically modified maize">Genetically modified</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_genetically_modified_maize" title="List of varieties of genetically modified maize">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MON_810" title="MON 810">MON 810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MON_863" title="MON 863">MON 863</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_corn" title="Purple corn">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Protein_Maize" title="Quality Protein Maize">Quality Protein Maize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoepeg_corn" title="Shoepeg corn">Shoepeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_corn" title="Sweet corn">Sweet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweetcorn_varieties" title="List of sweetcorn varieties">Varieties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxy_corn" title="Waxy corn">Waxy</a></li> <li>By origin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia_maize_varieties" title="Bolivia maize varieties">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador_maize_varieties" title="Ecuador maize varieties">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Italian_maize_varieties" title="Traditional Italian maize varieties">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_corn" title="Peruvian corn">Peru</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corncob" title="Corncob">Cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_kernel" title="Corn kernel">Kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stover" title="Corn stover">Stover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_construction" title="Corn construction">Corn construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_milling" title="Maize milling">Maize milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixtamalization" title="Nixtamalization">Nixtamalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_wet-milling" title="Corn wet-milling">Wet-milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_maker" title="Popcorn maker">Popcorn maker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_diseases" title="List of maize diseases">Pathology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBCH-scale_(maize)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBCH-scale (maize)">BBCH-scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_allergy" title="Corn allergy">Corn allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_smut" title="Corn smut">Corn smut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_streak_virus" title="Maize streak virus">Maize streak virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maize_production" title="Category:Maize production">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornstalk_fiddle" title="Cornstalk fiddle">Cornstalk fiddle</a></li> <li>By country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States" title="Corn production in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_production_in_Tanzania" title="Maize production in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_corn_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International corn production statistics">International corn production statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popcorn_brands" title="List of popcorn brands">List of popcorn brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters (agriculture)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Palace" title="Corn Palace">Corn Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_School" title="Corn School">Corn School</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Field_of_Corn" title="Field of Corn">Field of Corn</a></i> (1994 sculpture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cornbread_Festival" title="National Cornbread Festival">National Cornbread Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Corn_Festival" title="Sweet Corn Festival">Sweet Corn Festival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_(film)" title="Zea (film)">Zea</a></i> (film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_dishes" title="List of maize dishes">Maize dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">Cornmeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">Mielie-meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samp" title="Samp">Samp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_starch" title="Corn starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_steep_liquor" title="Corn steep liquor">Steep liquor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">Syrup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucose_syrup" title="Glucose syrup">Glucose syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations_of_high_fructose_corn_syrup" title="Public relations of high fructose corn syrup">Public relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-maltose_corn_syrup" title="High-maltose corn syrup">High-maltose</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Soups, stews, <br />and porridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banku_(dish)" title="Banku (dish)">Banku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binte_biluhuta" title="Binte biluhuta">Binte biluhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulz_(food)" title="Bulz (food)">Bulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocolo%C8%99i" title="Cocoloși">Cocoloși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_chowder" title="Corn chowder">Corn chowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crab_soup" title="Corn crab soup">Corn crab soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_pudding" title="Corn pudding">Corn pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_soup" title="Corn soup">Corn soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stew" title="Corn stew">Corn stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cou-cou" title="Cou-cou">Cou-cou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creamed_corn" title="Creamed corn">Creamed corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">Fufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_mais" title="Ginataang mais">Ginataang mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grits" title="Grits">Grits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasty_pudding" title="Hasty pudding">Hasty pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%8Damak" title="Kačamak">Kačamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83" title="Mămăligă">Mămăligă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83_%C3%AEn_p%C4%83turi" title="Mămăligă în pături">Mămăligă în pături</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mush_(cornmeal)" title="Mush (cornmeal)">Mush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashofa" title="Pashofa">Pashofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozole" title="Pozole">Pozole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamite" title="Sagamite">Sagamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suam_na_mais" title="Suam na mais">Suam na mais</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ugali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar%C3%A9m" title="Xarém">Xarém</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Tamales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aca%C3%A7%C3%A1" title="Acaçá">Acaçá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanime" title="Guanime">Guanime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humita" title="Humita">Humita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacatamal" title="Nacatamal">Nacatamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamonha" title="Pamonha">Pamonha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">Pasteles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Breads and cakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollo" title="Bollo">Bollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broa" title="Broa">Broa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachapa" title="Cachapa">Cachapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipa_guasu" title="Chipa guasu">Chipa guasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">Cornbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_cookie" title="Corn cookie">Corn cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tortilla" title="Corn tortilla">Corn tortilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tortilla-based_dishes" title="List of tortilla-based dishes">List of tortilla-based dishes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnycake" title="Johnnycake">Johnnycake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makki_ki_roti" title="Makki ki roti">Makki ki roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_choclo" title="Pastel de choclo">Pastel de choclo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piki" title="Piki">Piki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proja" title="Proja">Proja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa">Pupusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloosh" title="Sloosh">Sloosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sope_(food)" title="Sope (food)">Sope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopa_paraguaya" title="Sopa paraguaya">Sopa paraguaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoonbread" title="Spoonbread">Spoonbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talo_(food)" title="Talo (food)">Talo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla" title="Tortilla">Tortilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totopo" title="Totopo">Totopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotou" title="Wotou">Wotou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Fried dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battered_sausage" title="Battered sausage">Battered sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_chip" title="Corn chip">Corn chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_dog" title="Corn dog">Corn dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_fritter" title="Corn fritter">Corn fritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_nut" title="Corn nut">Corn nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornick_(food)" title="Cornick (food)">Cornick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushpuppy" title="Hushpuppy">Hushpuppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milho_frito" title="Milho frito">Milho frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachos" title="Nachos">Nachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorullos" title="Sorullos">Sorullos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tostada_(tortilla)" title="Tostada (tortilla)">Tostada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla_chip" title="Tortilla chip">Tortilla chip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alivenci" title="Alivenci">Alivenci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkie" title="Conkie">Conkies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_flakes" title="Corn flakes">Corn flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_on_the_cob" title="Corn on the cob">Corn on the cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_relish" title="Corn relish">Corn relish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_sauce" title="Corn sauce">Corn sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofio" title="Gofio">Gofio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">Hominy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_smut#Culinary_uses" title="Corn smut">Huitlacoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenkey" title="Kenkey">Kenkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuymak" title="Kuymak">Kuymak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%ADz_con_hielo" title="Maíz con hielo">Maíz con hielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_blanca" title="Maja blanca">Maja maíz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maque_choux" title="Maque choux">Maque choux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mote_(food)" title="Mote (food)">Mote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinole" title="Pinole">Pinole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">Popcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atole" title="Atole">Atole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_de_jora" title="Chicha de jora">Chicha de jora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_morada" title="Chicha morada">Chicha morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colada_morada" title="Colada morada">Colada morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">Corn beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tea" title="Corn tea">Corn tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazamorra" title="Mazamorra">Mazamorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinolillo" title="Pinolillo">Pinolillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejate" title="Tejate">Tejate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_African_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_African_cuisine" title="Template:South African cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_African_cuisine" title="Template talk:South African cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_African_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South African cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_African_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Savoury dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobotie" title="Bobotie">Bobotie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerewors" title="Boerewors">Boerewors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokkoms" title="Bokkoms">Bokkoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_chow" title="Bunny chow">Bunny chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_feet" title="Chicken feet">Chicken feet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikgobe" title="Dikgobe">Dikgobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frikkadel" title="Frikkadel">Frikkadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatsby_(sandwich)" title="Gatsby (sandwich)">Gatsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidudu" title="Isidudu">Isidudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morogo" title="Morogo">Morogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samp" title="Samp">Samp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skilpadjies" title="Skilpadjies">Skilpadjies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosatie" title="Sosatie">Sosatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umngqusho" title="Umngqusho">Umngqusho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterblommetjiebredie" title="Waterblommetjiebredie">Waterblommetjiebredie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealie_bread" title="Mealie bread">Mealie bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pap_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pap (food)">Mieliepap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">Mielie-meal</a> porridge)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potbrood" title="Potbrood">Potbrood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potjiekos" title="Potjiekos">Potjiekos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatlo" title="Spatlo">Spatlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetpatats" title="Soetpatats">Soetpatats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_bredie" title="Tomato bredie">Tomato bredie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">Vetkoek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks, condiments and commodities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biltong" title="Biltong">Biltong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakalaka" title="Chakalaka">Chakalaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dro%C3%ABwors" title="Droëwors">Droëwors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfyt" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfyt">Konfyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_gland_sauce" title="Monkey gland sauce">Monkey gland sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppadew" title="Peppadew">Peppadew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusk" title="Rusk">Rusks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ouma_Rusks" title="Ouma Rusks">Ouma Rusks</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastries and desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koeksister" title="Koeksister">Koeksisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koe%27sister" title="Koe'sister">Koe'sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malva_pudding" title="Malva pudding">Malva pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melktert" title="Melktert">Melktert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosbolletjies" title="Mosbolletjies">Mosbolletjies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameletjie" title="Tameletjie">Tameletjie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertzoggie" title="Hertzoggie">Hertzoggie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertzoggie#Jan_Smuts_cookies" title="Hertzoggie">Smuts cookies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarula" title="Amarula">Amarula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasi" title="Amasi">Amasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeber" title="Boeber">Boeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooibos_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooibos tea">Rooibos tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springbokkie" title="Springbokkie">Springbokkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umqombothi" title="Umqombothi">Umqombothi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_wine" title="South African wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantia_(wine)" title="Constantia (wine)">Constantia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugali&oldid=1258158011#South_Africa">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugali&oldid=1258158011#South_Africa</a>"</div></div> 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