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id="toc-740" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#740"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>740</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-740-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.4</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-741" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#741"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>741</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-741-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Central America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.4</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.5</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-742" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#742"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>742</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-742-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-743" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#743"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>743</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-743-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.4</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.5</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.6</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.7</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-744" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#744"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>744</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-744-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.2</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.4</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.5</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.6</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_America_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_America_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.7</span> <span>Central America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_America_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-745" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#745"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>745</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-745-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-746" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#746"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>746</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-746-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Umayyad_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umayyad_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.4</span> <span>Umayyad Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umayyad_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_America_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_America_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.6</span> <span>Central America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_America_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-747" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#747"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>747</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-747-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.3</span> <span>Islamic Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-748" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#748"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>748</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-748-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.3</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-749" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#749"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>749</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-749-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.3</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_America_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_America_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.4</span> <span>Central America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_America_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.5</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catastrophe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catastrophe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2.1</span> <span>Catastrophe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catastrophe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">740s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_740" title="عقد 740 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 740" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_740" title="Anyos 740 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 740" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_740" title="Década del 740 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 740" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-an" title="740-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="740-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="৭৪০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৭৪০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/740_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="740 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="740 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%D1%8F" title="740-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="740-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-e" title="740-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="740-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_740" title="Bloavezhioù 740 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 740" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_740" title="Dècada del 740 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 740" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="740-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="740-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/740au" title="740au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="740au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%27erne" title="740'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="740'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_740" title="عوام 740 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 740" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/740er" title="740er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="740er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/740._aastad" title="740. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="740. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_740" title="An 740 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 740" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_740" title="Años 740 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 740" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/740ko_hamarkada" title="740ko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="740ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B7%DB%B4%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۷۴۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۷۴۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%C3%A1rini" title="740-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="740-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_740" title="Années 740 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 740" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/740id%C3%AD" title="740idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="740idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/740an" title="740an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="740an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_740" title="Década de 740 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 740" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="740年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="740年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="740년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="740년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-an" title="740-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="740-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_740" title="Anni 740 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 740" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-8" title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-8 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-8" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-an" title="740-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="740-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="740-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="740-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_740" title="Miaka ya 740 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 740" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="740-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="740-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_740" title="Anni 740 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 740" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-es_%C3%A9vek" title="740-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="740-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="740-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="740-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ७४० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ७४० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="740-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="740-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_740" title="عقد 740 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 740" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-an" title="740-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="740-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/740_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="740 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="740 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/740_xihuitl" title="740 xihuitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="740 xihuitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-749" title="740-749 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="740-749" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="740年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="740年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%C3%A5rene" title="740-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="740-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_740" title="Annaées 740 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 740" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/740_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="740 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="740 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-lar" title="740-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="740-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_740" title="Década de 740 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 740" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_740" title="Anii 740 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 740" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/740_watakuna" title="740 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="740 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="740-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="740-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/740s" title="740s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="740s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_740" title="Vitet 740 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 740" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/740ini" title="740ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="740ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%96_740%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ක්‍රිපූ 740ගණන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රිපූ 740ගණන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/40._roky_8._storo%C4%8Dia" title="40. roky 8. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="40. roky 8. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/740." title="740. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="740." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%D0%B5" title="740-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="740-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-e" title="740-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="740-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-an" title="740-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="740-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-luku" title="740-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="740-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-talet" title="740-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="740-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="740-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="740-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_740_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 740 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 740 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="740ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="740ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/740-%D0%B2%D1%96" title="740-ві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="740-ві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="740ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="740ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_740" title="Thập niên 740 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 740" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/740_nga_dekada" title="740 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="740 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="740年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="740年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="740年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="740年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/740%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="740年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="740年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q265113#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top: 1em;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century">7th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720s" title="720s">720s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/730s" title="730s">730s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">740s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/750s" title="750s">750s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/760s" title="760s">760s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_740" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 740">740</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_741" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 741">741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_742" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 742">742</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_743" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 743">743</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_744" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 744">744</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_745" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 745">745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_746" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 746">746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_747" title="AD 747">747</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_748" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 748">748</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_749" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 749">749</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:740s_births" title="Category:740s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:740s_deaths" title="Category:740s deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:740s_establishments" title="Category:740s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:740s_disestablishments" title="Category:740s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>740s</b> decade ran from January 1, 740, to December 31, 749. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="740">740</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_740" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 740">AD 740</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_740&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_740&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Akroinon" title="Battle of Akroinon">Battle of Akroinon</a>: Following the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sebastopolis" title="Battle of Sebastopolis">Battle of Sebastopolis</a> (see <a href="/wiki/692" title="692">692</a>), Emperor <a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a> has largely confined himself to a defensive <a href="/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy">strategy</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> armies regularly launch raids into <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a>-held <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caliph <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik</a> assembles an expeditionary force (90,000 men) under his son <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_Hisham" title="Sulayman ibn Hisham">Sulayman ibn Hisham</a>. One of these armies, 20,000 men strong under <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Battal" title="Abdallah al-Battal">Abdallah al-Battal</a>, is defeated at Akroinon (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar" title="Afyonkarahisar">Afyon</a>) by the Byzantines, led by Leo and his son, the future emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a>. About 6,800 <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Muslim Arabs</a>, however, resist and manage to conduct an orderly retreat to <a href="/wiki/Synnada_in_Phrygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Synnada in Phrygia">Synnada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/740_Constantinople_earthquake" title="740 Constantinople earthquake">740 Constantinople earthquake</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> strikes <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and the surrounding countryside, causing destruction to the city's land <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">walls</a> and buildings.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> tribes in the recently conquered region of <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> (northwest <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) rebel. This facilitates the establishment of an independent kingdom in the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Mountains" title="Cantabrian Mountains">Cantabrian Mountains</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_I_of_Asturias" title="Alfonso I of Asturias">Alfonso I of Asturias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Duke <a href="/wiki/Thrasimund_II_of_Spoleto" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrasimund II of Spoleto">Thrasimund II</a> recovers the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">duchy of Spoleto</a> and kills <a href="/wiki/Hilderic_of_Spoleto" title="Hilderic of Spoleto">Hilderic</a> with Papal-<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Beneventian</a> aid.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does not return the confiscated <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papal</a> cities, and his <a href="/wiki/Military_alliance" title="Military alliance">alliance</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Pope Gregory III</a> ruptures.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> attempts to counter the growing independence of the Lombard <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchies</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> are raided by a fleet of <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> Muslim ships sent by the governor of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqya</a>, the ones raiding South Western <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> are led by <a href="/wiki/Habib_ibn_Abi_Obeida_al-Fihri" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib ibn Abi Obeida al-Fihri">Habīb Ibn Abi ‘Ubayda Al-Fihrī</a>, while the fleet raiding Greece is led by <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_ibn_Hisham" title="Mu'awiya ibn Hisham">Mu’awiya ibn Hishām</a>. All of them are successful, submitting the Islands and returning with much wealth from the spoils of war.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Eadberht_of_Northumbria" title="Eadberht of Northumbria">Eadberht of Northumbria</a> marches his army north to attack the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a>. King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_Mercia" title="Æthelbald of Mercia">Æthelbald of Mercia</a> takes advantage of his absence, and ravages the city of <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>. Internal struggles re-emerge in <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> with the murder of Eardwine, probably the son of the late <a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">usurping</a> king <a href="/wiki/Eadwulf_I_of_Northumbria" title="Eadwulf I of Northumbria">Eadwulf I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelheard_of_Wessex" title="Æthelheard of Wessex">Æthelheard of Wessex</a> dies after a 14-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother (and probably distant relative) <a href="/wiki/Cuthred_of_Wessex" title="Cuthred of Wessex">Cuthred</a>. Æthelbald of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a> takes control of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nobles" title="Battle of the Nobles">Battle of the Nobles</a>: The Berber rebels under chieftain <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Hamid_al-Zanati" title="Khalid ibn Hamid al-Zanati">Khalid ibn Hamid al-Zanati</a> defeat and overwhelm the Umayyad forces of <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Abi_Habib_al-Fihri" title="Khalid ibn Abi Habib al-Fihri">Khalid ibn Abi Habib al-Fihri</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a> (Northern <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>), undermining <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> domination in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>. The rebellion spreads in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>), causing governor <a href="/wiki/Ubayd_Allah_ibn_al-Habhab" title="Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab">Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab</a> to withdraw <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moorish</a> troops from many <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrisons</a> north of the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Much to the delight of the citizens of <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> government of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> orders <a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree" title="Fruit tree">fruit trees</a> to be planted along every main avenue of the city, which enriches not only the diets of the people but also the surroundings (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Hirotsugu_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion">Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara clan</a> led by Fujiwara no Hirotsugu, dissatisfied with the political powers in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, raise an army in <a href="/wiki/Dazaifu_(government)" title="Dazaifu (government)">Dazaifa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>) but are defeated by government forces.</li> <li>The Japanese imperial capital is moved from <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D-ky%C5%8D" title="Heijō-kyō">Heijō-kyō</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kuni-ky%C5%8D" title="Kuni-kyō">Kuni-kyō</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a>, a nation of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>, though not ethnically <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a>, voluntarily convert to <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_of_Canterbury" title="Cuthbert of Canterbury">Cuthbert</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">archbishop of Canterbury</a> after the death of <a href="/wiki/Nothhelm" title="Nothhelm">Nothhelm</a> (see <a href="/wiki/739" title="739">739</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="741">741</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_741" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 741">AD 741</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_741&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_741&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=741&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_2"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=741&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a> ("the Isaurian") dies of <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">dropsy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, after a 24-year reign that has saved the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and delivered <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> from the threat of an <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> conquest. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabasdos" title="Artabasdos">Artabasdos</a>, Byzantine general (<i><a href="/wiki/Strategos#Byzantine_use" title="Strategos">strategos</a></i>) of the Armeniac <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">theme</a>, defeats Constantine V and advances on Constantinople, where he is crowned emperor. He secures the support of the themes of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opsikion" title="Opsikion">Opsikion</a>, and abandons Leo's religious policy of <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasm</a>. Constantine seeks the support of the <a href="/wiki/Anatolic_Theme" title="Anatolic Theme">Anatolic theme</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Central_America"> Central America</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=741&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wak_Chanil_Ajaw" title="Wak Chanil Ajaw">Wak Chanil Ajaw</a> (Lady Six Sky), <a href="/wiki/Maya_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya rulers">queen of the Mayan city state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Naranjo" title="Naranjo">Naranjo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, dies after a reign of more than 47 years and is succeeded by her son, <a href="/wiki/Yax_Mayuy_Chan_Chaak" title="Yax Mayuy Chan Chaak">Yax Mayuy Chan Chaak</a>, who reigns until his own death in 744.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCawiil_Chan_K%CA%BCinich" title="Kʼawiil Chan Kʼinich">Kʼawiil Chan Kʼinich</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Maya_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya rulers">ruler of the Mayan city state</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dos_Pilas" title="Dos Pilas">Dos Pilas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> after the death of <a href="/wiki/Ucha%27an_K%27in_B%27alam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucha'an K'in B'alam">Ucha'an K'in B'alam</a> and reigns until <a href="/wiki/761" title="761">761</a> when he is forced to flee during an uprising by rebels from <a href="/wiki/Tamarindito" title="Tamarindito">Tamarindito</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_2"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=741&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a>, Merovingian <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_palace" title="Mayor of the palace">mayor of the palace</a>, dies in his palace at <a href="/wiki/Quierzy" title="Quierzy">Quirzy-sur-Oise</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a>). His territories are divided between his adult sons <a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a>, although the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a> has had no true king since the death of <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_IV" title="Theuderic IV">Theuderic IV</a> (see <a href="/wiki/AD_737" title="AD 737">737</a>). Lands to the east, including <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alemannia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemannia">Alemannia</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a>) go to Carloman, while Pepin receives <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> as a vassal). <a href="/wiki/Grifo_(noble)" title="Grifo (noble)">Grifo</a>, youngest son of Charles, succeeds him as mayor of the palace, and probably receives a strip of land between Neustria and Austrasia.</li> <li>Pepin the Short marries <a href="/wiki/Bertrada_of_Laon" title="Bertrada of Laon">Bertrada of Laon</a>, daughter of Count <a href="/wiki/Charibert_of_Laon" title="Charibert of Laon">Charibert of Laon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESettipani1989_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESettipani1989-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Switzerland"> Switzerland</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=741&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 741 and 744, documents in the archives of <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">St. Gallen Abbey</a> describe the village of <a href="/wiki/Kempraten" title="Kempraten">Kempraten</a> as <i>Centoprato</i>, another document in <a href="/wiki/863" title="863">863</a> as <i>Centiprata</i>, inspired by the Latin name <i><a href="/wiki/Centum_Prata" title="Centum Prata">Centum Prata</a></i>. <sup>(Unclear significance)</sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">nunnery</a> given by the <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alamannic</a> noblewoman Beata on <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtzelau" title="Lützelau">Lützelau</a> island is first mentioned. In <a href="/wiki/744" title="744">744</a>, the nunnery is sold to <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln_Abbey" title="Einsiedeln Abbey">Einsiedeln Abbey</a>. <sup>(Unclear significance)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufenau" title="Ufenau">Ufenau</a> island in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> is first mentioned in 741 as "Hupinauia", and in 744 as "Ubinauvia" — island of Huppan of Huphan. <sup>(Unclear significance)</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa_2"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=741&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Berber_Revolt#The_Syrian_Expedition" title="Berber Revolt">Great Berber Revolt</a>: Caliph <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Kulthum_ibn_Iyad_al-Qasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulthum ibn Iyad al-Qasi">Kulthum ibn Iyad al-Qasi</a> as governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Wali_(administrative_title)" title="Wali (administrative title)">wali</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>). A fourth expedition is sent from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> to crush the rebellion in the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas</a> region, but is defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bagdoura" title="Battle of Bagdoura">Battle of Bagdoura</a>, in the plain of the <a href="/wiki/Gharb-Chrarda-B%C3%A9ni_Hssen" title="Gharb-Chrarda-Béni Hssen">Ghrab</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>). The counter-attack of the <a href="/wiki/Kharijite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharijite">Kharijite</a> rebels to the East is successful, but fails to conquer <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a> from the loyalists. A more radical branch of the <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisian</a> Kharijites, (the <a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufrists</a>) however, manages to take the city soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=741&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_2"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=741&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, after a 10-year reign. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a>, as the 91st <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1913_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1913-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – A fire destroys the English city of <a href="/wiki/York_Minster" title="York Minster">York Minster</a>, including its Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Fires_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church is later rebuilt as a more impressive structure, containing thirty <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altars</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> authorities <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decree</a> that <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhist</a> temples should be established throughout the country (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="742">742</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_742" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 742">AD 742</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_742&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_742&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=742&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_3"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=742&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> meets <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a> at <a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a> (Central <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>), who appeals to the king's religious faith. Liutprand is a pious <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and signs a 20-year <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a>, restoring the cities of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Duchy of Rome</a> which he has captured. The independent Lombard duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Spoleto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a> absorb into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard Kingdom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Arab-Byzantine Wars</a>: Arab forces under <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_Hisham" title="Sulayman ibn Hisham">Sulayman ibn Hisham</a> invade <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Herakleia</a>, and return with much wealth and livestock.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania#Ethnic_groups_and_internal_tensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Umayyad conquest of Hispania</a>: Arab forces under <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Katan_al-Fihri" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Katan al-Fihri">Abd al-Malik ibn Katan al-Fihri</a>, governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Wali_(administrative_title)" title="Wali (administrative title)">wali</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>, suppress the <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> rebellion in the region of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rtola_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Mértola Municipality">Mértola</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodato_Ipato" title="Teodato Ipato">Teodato Ipato</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Orso_Ipato" title="Orso Ipato">Orso Ipato</a>, as the fourth <a href="/wiki/Doge_(title)" title="Doge (title)">doge</a> of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>. He moves the capital from <a href="/wiki/Eraclea" title="Eraclea">Heraclea</a> to <a href="/wiki/Malamocco" title="Malamocco">Malamocco</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa_3"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=742&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Berber_Revolt#Offensive_on_Kairouan" title="Berber Revolt">Great Berber Revolt</a>: Muslim forces under <a href="/wiki/Handhala_ibn_Safwan_al-Kalbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi">Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, break out of besieged <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>). He scatters the Berbers, and in the following months he reconquers all lands lost during the Revolt in Morocco and South of it.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_2"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=742&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Xuan Zong</a> begins to favor <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> over <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, adopting the new reign title <i>Tianbao</i> ("Heavenly Treasures"), to indicate his divine <a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven" title="Mandate of Heaven">mandate</a>. The total number of enlisted troops in the Tang armies has risen to about half a million, due to Xuan Zongs's earlier military reforms.</li> <li>For the <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipal</a> census of the Chinese capital city <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Jingzhou (ancient China)">Jingzhou</a> (including small towns in the vicinity), the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i> records that in this year there are 362,921 registered families with 1,960,188 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai">Li Bai</a> (also <b>Li Po</b>), Chinese <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a>, is summoned by Xuan Zong to attend the imperial court. He and his friend <a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a> become the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Chinese poetry</a>, during the mid-<a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_3"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=742&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_3"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=742&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>After a 40-year vacancy, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchs_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch">Stephen IV</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Orthodox patriarch of Antioch</a>, at the suggestion of caliph <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrodegang_of_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrodegang of Metz">Chrodegang</a>, chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a>, is appointed bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Metz</a> and embarks on a reorganisation of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish</a> church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sturm" title="Saint Sturm">Sturm</a>, disciple of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a>, establishes the Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Fulda_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda monastery">Abbey of Fulda</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (or <a href="/wiki/744" title="744">744</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Lucca" title="Holy Face of Lucca">Holy Face of Lucca</a> is transferred to <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a> from <a href="/wiki/Luni,_Italy" title="Luni, Italy">Luni</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="743">743</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_743" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 743">AD 743</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_743&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_743&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_3"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a> defeats his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Artabasdos" title="Artabasdos">Artabasdos</a>, who has led a two-year insurrection in an attempt to <a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">usurp</a> the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> throne. He heads for <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, and captures the capital three months later. Artabasdos and his son <a href="/wiki/Niketas_(son_of_Artabasdos)" title="Niketas (son of Artabasdos)">Niketas</a> are <a href="/wiki/Political_mutilation_in_Byzantine_culture" title="Political mutilation in Byzantine culture">publicly blinded</a>, and relegated to the <a href="/wiki/Chora_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Church">monastery of Chora</a>. Constantine renews his policy of <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a>.</li> <li>Constantine V reforms the old <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Guard of Constantinople">Imperial Guard of Constantinople</a> into new elite <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> and infantry units, called <i><a href="/wiki/Tagma_(military)" title="Tagma (military)">tagmata</a></i> (Greek for 'the regiments'). He uses these troops against a rebellious <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">theme</a> in north-west <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>), and later for offensive campaigns against <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Muslim">Arab Muslim</a> raiders and <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_4"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a> succeeds to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a> as the last <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> king, (until his death in <a href="/wiki/754" title="754">754</a>) following an <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> of seven years after the throne was left vacant after the death of the previous king <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_IV" title="Theuderic IV">Theuderic IV</a>. Power remains firmly in the hands of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">major domus</a></i>, currently <a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a>.</li> <li>Duke <a href="/wiki/Odilo,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Odilo, Duke of Bavaria">Odilo of Bavaria</a> comes to the aid of <a href="/wiki/Boruth" title="Boruth">Boruth</a>, prince (<i><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">knyaz</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantanians</a>, against repeated <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avar</a> incursions in present-day Austria, and is able to <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassalize</a> the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Slavic</a> principality. In exchange for <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> assistance, Boruth accepts his <a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">overlordship</a> and is converted to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-Curta_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curta-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_2"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_Mercia" title="Æthelbald of Mercia">Æthelbald of Mercia</a> joins forces with <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> and attacks <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwent" title="Kingdom of Gwent">Gwent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mid_Wales" title="Mid Wales">Mid Wales</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – Caliph <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik</a> dies after a 19-year reign, in which the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> expansion in Europe has been stopped and the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> has come under pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Turks</a> in Central Asia and <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> in North Africa. He is succeeded by his nephew <a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_II" title="Al-Walid II">Al-Walid II</a>, who has <a href="/wiki/Khalid_al-Qasri" title="Khalid al-Qasri">Khalid al-Qasri</a>, former governor of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, imprisoned and tortured.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Japan"> Japan</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dmu" title="Emperor Shōmu">Emperor Shōmu</a> changes the law of Perpetual Ownership of Cultivated Lands. This permits <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocrats</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> to cultivate land. The new farmland will be called <i>shoin</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Americas"> Americas</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In one of the final battles of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Tikal-Calakmul_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Tikal-Calakmul War">Third Tikal-Calakmul War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/El_Per%C3%BA_(Maya_site)" title="El Perú (Maya site)">city of El Peru</a> is taken by <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_3"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/743_Caspian_Gates_earthquake" title="743 Caspian Gates earthquake">743 Caspian Gates earthquake</a>. It took place in the Caspian Gates (<a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Alexander" title="Gates of Alexander">Gates of Alexander</a>). The location is identified with either <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Talesh,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Talesh, Iran">Talis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guidoboni_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guidoboni-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_4"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_4"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=743&action=edit&section=T-10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Concilium_Germanicum" title="Concilium Germanicum">Concilium Germanicum</a>: First major Church <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> held in the eastern parts of the Frankish Kingdom. Organized by Carloman, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">Mayor of the Palace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>, and presided over by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a>, who is solidified in his position as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> church.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="744">744</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_744" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 744">AD 744</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_744&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_744&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_5"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> dies of <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes">natural causes</a> after a 32-year reign, in which he has defeated the <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">dukes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Spoleto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a>, bringing the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard Kingdom</a> to the height of her power. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Hildeprand" title="Hildeprand">Hildeprand</a>, called "the Useless" (nephew or grandson of Liutprand), as ruler of the Lombards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham1981221_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham1981221-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> – Hildeprand is deposed by the council of <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobles</a>, for his incompetence as ruler. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis</a> (formerly duke of <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a>) as king of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>, who makes peace with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallenbeck198251_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallenbeck198251-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a>, mayor of the palace of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, invades the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Jura" title="Swabian Jura">Swabian Jura</a> (southwestern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>), and chases <a href="/wiki/Theudebald,_Duke_of_Alamannia" title="Theudebald, Duke of Alamannia">Theudebald, Duke of Alamannia</a>, from his mountain <a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">redoubt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Switzerland_2"> Switzerland</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 741 and 744, documents in the archives of <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">St. Gallen Abbey</a> describe the village of <a href="/wiki/Kempraten" title="Kempraten">Kempraten</a> as <i>Centoprato</i>, another document in <a href="/wiki/863" title="863">863</a> as <i>Centiprata</i>, inspired by the Latin name <i><a href="/wiki/Centum_Prata" title="Centum Prata">Centum Prata</a></i>.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">nunnery</a> given by the <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alamannic</a> noblewoman Beata on <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtzelau" title="Lützelau">Lützelau</a> Island is first mentioned, and is in this year sold to <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln_Abbey" title="Einsiedeln Abbey">Einsiedeln Abbey</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufenau" title="Ufenau">Ufenau</a> island in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> is first mentioned in 741 as "Hupinauia", and in 744 as "Ubinauvia" — island of Huppan of Huphan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_3"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wat%27s_Dyke" title="Wat's Dyke">Wat's Dyke</a>, a 40 mile (64 km) <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthwork</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, is constructed. The border between <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> is set here. The date that Wat's Dyke was constructed is very uncertain, with some estimates linking the construction of the dyke to the 5th century and others to the early 9th century (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_2"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_II" title="Al-Walid II">Al-Walid II</a> is besieged in his <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a> outside the city of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>. He is defeated and killed by Arab forces under <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_Hisham" title="Sulayman ibn Hisham">Sulayman ibn Hisham</a>. Al-Walid is succeeded by his cousin <a href="/wiki/Yazid_III" title="Yazid III">Yazid III</a>, who dies shortly after of a <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dihrem_of_Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dihrem_of_Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid.jpg/250px-Dihrem_of_Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dihrem_of_Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid.jpg/330px-Dihrem_of_Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dihrem_of_Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid.jpg/500px-Dihrem_of_Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">Dirham</a> of caliph <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid" title="Ibrahim ibn al-Walid">Ibrahim ibn al-Walid</a>. He ruled the caliphate for just two months</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>December – <a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan ibn Muhammad</a> rebels against Yazid's designated successor <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid" title="Ibrahim ibn al-Walid">Ibrahim ibn al-Walid</a>, defeats the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> forces under Sulayman ibn Hisham, and becomes caliph.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa_4"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Tunisian Coup</b>: Following the death of the Umayyad caliph, <a href="/wiki/Hisham" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisham">Hisham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Habib" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib">Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib</a> assembles a small force in <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> and declares himself emir of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handhala_ibn_Safwan_al-Kalbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi">Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi</a>, wali of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a> decides against fighting and returns to Damascus. <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Habib" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib">Abd al-Rahman</a> installs himself in <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>, and crushes multiple revolts around the country.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_4"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Turkic subjects like <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basmyl" title="Basmyl">Basmyl</a>, who are not the members of the <a href="/wiki/Ashina_tribe" title="Ashina tribe">Ashina</a> clan, stage a coup. This ends the <a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Turkic Empire</a> and Ashina clan (except in <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazaria</a>).</li> <li>Autumn – <a href="/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai">Li Bai</a> (also <b>Li Po</b>), Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a> and skilled <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">calligrapher</a>, meets <a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a> for the first time.</li> <li>The Japanese imperial capital is moved from <a href="/wiki/Kuni-ky%C5%8D" title="Kuni-kyō">Kuni-kyō</a> to <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D-ky%C5%8D" title="Heijō-kyō">Heijō-kyō</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Central_America_2"> Central America</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Third_Tikal-Calakmul_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Tikal-Calakmul War">Third Tikal-Calakmul War</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maya_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya rulers">Mayan city-state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a> conquers the state of <a href="/wiki/Naranjo" title="Naranjo">Naranjo</a> and captures its king, <a href="/wiki/Yax_Mayuy_Chan_Chaak" title="Yax Mayuy Chan Chaak">Yax Mayuy Chan Chaak</a>, who is subsequently sacrificed. The conquest by <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a> destroys <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a>'s once powerful and extensive network of allies, vassal states and <a href="/wiki/Trade_in_Maya_civilization" title="Trade in Maya civilization">trade networks</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_5"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_5"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=744&action=edit&section=T-10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synod#Some_notable_synods" title="Synod">Synod of Soissons</a>. Called at the instigation of Pepin the Short and <a href="/wiki/Boniface" class="mw-redirect" title="Boniface">Boniface</a>, archbishop and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a>, it secures the condemnation of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> bishop <a href="/wiki/Adalbert_(mystic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adalbert (mystic)">Adalbert</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sturm" title="Saint Sturm">Sturm</a>, disciple of Boniface, establishes the Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Fulda_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda monastery">Abbey of Fulda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>), as part of Boniface's mission to bring <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> tribes in Germany (or <a href="/wiki/742" title="742">742</a>).</li> <li>June – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a> gives his approval by sending <a href="/wiki/Abel_of_Reims" title="Abel of Reims">Abel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Rouen#Archbishops" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen">Grimo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sens#Bishops_and_archbishops" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens">Hartbert</a> their <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">palliums</a> for the metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">sees</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Reims" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims">Reims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sens" title="Sens">Sens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bon58_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bon58-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_ibn_Tarif" title="Salih ibn Tarif">Salih ibn Tarif</a> proclaims himself a <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Barghawata" title="Barghawata">Barghawata</a>, a confederation of <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> tribes in modern-day western <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="745">745</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_745" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 745">AD 745</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_745&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_745&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=745&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_4"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=745&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">Bubonic plague</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> kills 1/3 of the population, and subsequently sweeps through the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a>) (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_6"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=745&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunald_I" title="Hunald I">Hunald I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Duke of Aquitaine">duke of Aquitaine</a>, retires to a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>, probably on <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9" title="Île de Ré">Île de Ré</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Waiofar" title="Waiofar">Waifar</a>, who struggles during his rule for independence against the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>) loses its independence and becomes part of the Frankish Kingdom, due to the pressing danger posed by <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avar</a> tribes from the east (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_5"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=745&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> has accomplishments in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">printing</a>, but its <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchical</a> system tends toward failure. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Xuan Zong</a> has fallen under the <a href="/wiki/Spell_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spell (paranormal)">spell</a> of his son's wife <a href="/wiki/Yang_Guifei" title="Yang Guifei">Yang Guifei</a> (one of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Beauties" title="Four Beauties">Four Beauties of Ancient China</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> priestess. He is ignoring the <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> is declining.</li> <li>The newly founded <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Empire</a> controls most of the former <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Turkic Empire</a> territory, creating an empire that extends from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balkash" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Balkash">Lake Balkash</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>), and is subject to Chinese <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_6"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=745&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_6"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=745&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genb%C5%8D" title="Genbō">Genbō</a>, Japanese scholar-monk, is <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiled</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dazaifu,_Fukuoka" title="Dazaifu, Fukuoka">Dazaifu</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="746">746</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_746" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 746">AD 746</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_746&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_746&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_5"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Byzantine Wars">Arab–Byzantine Wars</a>: Taking advantage of discontent among the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Muslim Arabs</a>, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and captures <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Germanikeia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>). He organises the resettlement of part of the local <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> population in <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Byzantine Wars">Arab–Byzantine Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keramaia" title="Battle of Keramaia">Battle of Keramaia</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_navy" title="Byzantine navy">Byzantine navy</a> scores a crushing victory over the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> fleet.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_7"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cannstatt" title="Council of Cannstatt">Council of Cannstatt</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a>, mayor of the palace of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>, convenes an assembly of the Alemanni <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cannstatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannstatt">Cannstatt</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>), and has most of the <a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">magnates</a>, numbering in the thousands, arrested and executed for <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a>. This ends the independence of the tribal <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alamannia</a>, which is thereafter governed by <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">counts</a> or <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">dukes</a> appointed by their <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish</a> overlords.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis</a> codifies the <a href="/wiki/Edictum_Rothari" title="Edictum Rothari">Lombard laws</a>, promulgated in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and advised by his council and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard</a> army (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_4"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Saelred_of_Essex" title="Saelred of Essex">Saelred of Essex</a> dies after a 37-year reign. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Swithred_of_Essex" title="Swithred of Essex">Swithred</a>, grandson of the late king <a href="/wiki/Sigeheard_of_Essex" title="Sigeheard of Essex">Sigeheard</a>. Like his predecessors, he is not an independent ruler, but a sub-king of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Umayyad_Caliphate"> Umayyad Caliphate</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Umayyad Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August or September – Battle of Kafartuta: Caliph <a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan II</a> defeats and kills <a href="/wiki/Al-Dahhak_ibn_Qays_al-Shaybani" title="Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Shaybani">Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Shaybani</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" class="mw-redirect" title="Khawarij">Kharijites</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a>. The rebels withdraw across the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">River Tigris</a>, escaping destruction.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_6"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Japan" title="Buddhist temples in Japan">Hida-Kokubunji Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> is built to pray for peace and <a href="/wiki/Prosperity" title="Prosperity">prosperity</a> (approximate date).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawda_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chawda dynasty">Jayshikhari Chavda</a> establishes the <a href="/wiki/Chawda_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chawda dynasty">Chavda dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Central_America_3"> Central America</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – K'ak' Yipiiy Chan Chaak is installed as the new <a href="/wiki/Maya_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya rulers">ruler of the Mayan city state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Naranjo" title="Naranjo">Naranjo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> and reigns until his death in <a href="/wiki/748" title="748">748</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_7"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_7"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=746&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Guru Rinpoche</a>, Indian <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>, travels to <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (eastern end of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>), to cure the king of <a href="/wiki/Bumthang_District" title="Bumthang District">Bumthang</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="747">747</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_747" title="AD 747">AD 747</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_747&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_747&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AD_747&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_6"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AD_747&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_Wars#Raids_under_the_last_Umayyads_and_the_rise_of_Iconoclasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Byzantine Wars">Arab–Byzantine War</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a> destroys the Arab fleet off <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, with the aid of ships from the <a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a>, breaking the naval power of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_8"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AD_747&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a>, mayor of the palace of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>, renounces his position as <i><a href="/wiki/Majordomo" title="Majordomo">majordomo</a></i>, and withdraws from public life. He retires to a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, being <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsured</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a>, and leaves his brother <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a> as sole ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">Bubonic plague</a> breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Monemvasia" title="Monemvasia">Monemvasia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Islamic_Empire"> Islamic Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AD_747&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Islamic Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Revolution#Persian_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Revolution">Abbasid Revolution</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_Khorasani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Muslim Khorasani">Abu Muslim Khorasani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a> military leader from <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, begins an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which is carried out under the sign of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Standard" title="Black Standard">Black Standard</a>. Close to 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, primarily <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasani</a> <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a> are under his command, when the hostilities officially begin in <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_7"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AD_747&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chinese forces under <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xianzhi" title="Gao Xianzhi">Gao Xianzhi</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> in Tang employ) defeat the Arabs and <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetans</a>, by rapid military expeditions over the <a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a>. About 72 local <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdian</a> kingdoms become Tang <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a>. Over the next two years he establishes complete control in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Xuan Zong</a> abolishes the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (approximate date).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Empress Kōmyō">Empress Kōmyō</a> founds the <a href="/wiki/Shin-Yakushi-ji" title="Shin-Yakushi-ji">Shin-Yakushi-ji</a> Buddhist temple in <a href="/wiki/Nara,_Nara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara, Nara">Nara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="748">748</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_748" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 748">AD 748</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_748&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_748&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=748&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_9"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=748&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – Duke <a href="/wiki/Odilo,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Odilo, Duke of Bavaria">Odilo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> dies after a 12-year reign. <a href="/wiki/Grifo_(noble)" title="Grifo (noble)">Grifo</a>, youngest son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a>, seeks to establish his own rule by seizing the <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a> for himself, and abducts Odilo's infant son <a href="/wiki/Tassilo_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria">Tassilo III</a>.</li> <li>In Rome, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a> closes down a slave market, where Venetian merchants had been selling Christian captives to the Muslims in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_5"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=748&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbert_II_of_Kent" title="Æthelbert II of Kent">Æthelbert II of Kent</a> sends a message to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, requesting two well-trained <a href="/wiki/Northern_goshawk" title="Northern goshawk">goshawks</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>. He had earlier made a gift of two <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcons</a> and a goshawk to King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_Mercia" title="Æthelbald of Mercia">Æthelbald of Mercia</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_3"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=748&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Revolution#Persian_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Revolution">Abbasid Revolution</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Kaysanites_Shia#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysanites Shia">Hashimi</a> rebels under <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_Khorasani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Muslim Khorasani">Abu Muslim Khorasani</a> take <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, capital of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> province <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>), marking the consolidation of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> revolt. <a href="/wiki/Qahtaba_ibn_Shabib_al-Ta%27i" title="Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i">Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i</a> takes the cities <a href="/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rey,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rey, Iran">Rey</a>, defeating an Umayyad army (10,000 men) at <a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Gorgan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nasr_ibn_Sayyar" title="Nasr ibn Sayyar">Nasr ibn Sayyar</a>, Arab governor of Khorasan, dies after a 10-year administration in which he has fought vigorously against dissident tribes, <a href="/wiki/Turgesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Turgesh">Turgesh</a> neighbors, and the Abbasids. Nasr had imposed <a href="/wiki/Tax_per_head" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax per head">poll taxes</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a></i>) on non-<a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>, and introduced a system of land <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Muslim Arabs</a>.</li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>) is sacked with great slaughter.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_8"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=748&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>An <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> strikes the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> from northern <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> to northwestern <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, destroying many remnants of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> culture (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="749">749</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_749" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 749">AD 749</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_749&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_749&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_10"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=749&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_10"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=749&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a> besieges <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, but is convinced to lift the <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a>. His decision to lift the siege of Perugia undermines his authority among the Lombard nobility, and ultimately results in the nobility deposing him at a council in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. King Ratchis is forced to retire with his family to the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf</a> succeeds his brother, Ratchis, as <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Lombards" title="List of kings of the Lombards">king of the Lombards</a> and marries Gisaltruda, sister of <a href="/wiki/Anselm,_Duke_of_Friuli" title="Anselm, Duke of Friuli">Anselm, Duke of Friuli</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_6"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=749&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwald_of_East_Anglia" title="Ælfwald of East Anglia">Ælfwald of East Anglia</a> dies after a 36-year reign. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Beonna_of_East_Anglia" title="Beonna of East Anglia">Beonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberht_of_East_Anglia" title="Alberht of East Anglia">Æthelberht I</a> and possibly Hun (relationship unknown). Beonna emerges as the dominant <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_Mercia" title="Æthelbald of Mercia">Æthelbald of Mercia</a> calls the Synod of <a href="/wiki/Gumley" title="Gumley">Gumley</a>, at the instigation of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, and issues a charter that releases the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> from all public burdens.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_4"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=749&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Revolution#Persian_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Revolution">Abbasid Revolution</a>: Muslim forces under <a href="/wiki/Qahtaba_ibn_Shabib_al-Ta%27i" title="Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i">Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i</a> defeat a large <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> army (50,000 men) at <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, and invade <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, taking the city of <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik">Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik</a>, Umayyad prince, is executed by <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a> on orders of the first <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> caliph, <a href="/wiki/As-Saffah" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Saffah">Abdullah ibn Muhammad</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Al-Hirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hirah">Al-Hirah</a> (or <a href="/wiki/750" title="750">750</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – Abdullah ibn Muhammad is proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> at Kufa by his supporters and adopts the title of al-Saffah (the "Slaughterer of Blood").<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Central_America_4"> Central America</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=749&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCak%CA%BC_Yipyaj_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Kʼakʼ Yipyaj Chan Kʼawiil">Kʼakʼ Yipyaj Chan Kʼawiil</a> ("Smoke Squirrel") becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Maya_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya rulers">ruler of the Mayan city state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cop%C3%A1n" title="Copán">Copán</a> in <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> upon the death of <a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCak%CA%BC_Tiliw_Chan_Yopaat" title="Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat">Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat</a>, who had reigned since 738. K'ak' Yipyaj reigns until <a href="/wiki/763" title="763">763</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Japan_2"> Japan</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=749&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dmu" title="Emperor Shōmu">Emperor Shōmu</a> abdicates the <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a>, after a 25-year reign that has been dominated by his wife (and aunt), <a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Empress Kōmyō">Kōmyō</a>, a commoner he married at age 16. He is succeeded by his daughter <a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Kōken">Kōken</a>; Shōmu becomes the first retired emperor to become a <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhist</a> priest.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_8"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=749&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Catastrophe"> Catastrophe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=749&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Catastrophe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/749_Galilee_earthquake" title="749 Galilee earthquake">Galilee earthquake</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">Transjordan</a> are devastated by an <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a>. The cities of <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippos,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippos, Israel">Hippos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pella,_Jordan" title="Pella, Jordan">Pella</a> are largely destroyed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_II" title="Al-Walid II">Al-Walid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_III" title="Yazid III">Yazid III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid" title="Ibrahim ibn al-Walid">Ibrahim ibn al-Walid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_Hisham" title="Sulayman ibn Hisham">Sulayman ibn Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_al-Afqam" title="Yazid al-Afqam">Yazid al-Afqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslama_ibn_Hisham" title="Maslama ibn Hisham">Maslama ibn Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_Hisham" title="Sa'id ibn Hisham">Sa'id ibn Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III the Isaurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBlankinship1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Yahya_Blankinship" title="Khalid Yahya Blankinship">Blankinship, Khalid Yahya</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz0Yy053WS4C"><i>The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads</i></a>. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">104–</span>105, 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-1827-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Jih%C3%A2d+State%3A+The+Reign+of+Hish%C4%81m+ibn+%CA%BBAbd+al-Malik+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Umayyads&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E104-%3C%2Fspan%3E105%2C+117&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1827-7&rft.aulast=Blankinship&rft.aufirst=Khalid+Yahya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJz0Yy053WS4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlankinship1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Yahya_Blankinship" title="Khalid Yahya Blankinship">Blankinship, Khalid Yahya</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz0Yy053WS4C"><i>The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads</i></a>. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-1827-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Jih%C3%A2d+State%3A+The+Reign+of+Hish%C4%81m+ibn+%CA%BBAbd+al-Malik+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Umayyads&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1827-7&rft.aulast=Blankinship&rft.aufirst=Khalid+Yahya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJz0Yy053WS4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Oliviera_Marques1993" class="citation book cs1">de Oliviera Marques, A. H. (1993). "O Portugal Islâmico". In Joel Serrão and A. H. de Oliverira Marques (ed.). <i>Hova Historia de Portugal. Portugal das Invasões Germânicas à Reconquista</i>. Lisbon: Editorial Presença. p. 123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=O+Portugal+Isl%C3%A2mico&rft.btitle=Hova+Historia+de+Portugal.+Portugal+das+Invas%C3%B5es+Germ%C3%A2nicas+%C3%A0+Reconquista&rft.place=Lisbon&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Editorial+Presen%C3%A7a&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=de+Oliviera+Marques&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartmann, Ludo Moritz. <i>Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter</i>. II, pp. 2, 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D.P. Kirby, <i>The Earliest English Kings.</i> London: Unwin Hyman, 1991. pp. 150 & 154 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-04-445691-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-04-445691-3">0-04-445691-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara Yorke, <i>Kings and Kingdoms in Early Anglo-Saxon England.</i> London: Seaby, 1990. p. 89 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85264-027-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85264-027-8">1-85264-027-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 19). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184603-230-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-184603-230-1">978-184603-230-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESettipani1989-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESettipani1989_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSettipani1989">Settipani 1989</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert Meynier (2010). <i>L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)</i>. Paris: La Découverte; pp. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1913-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1913_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorace_K._Mann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Horace K. Mann (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pope St. Gregory III"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Pope_St._Gregory_III">"Pope St. Gregory III" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pope+St.+Gregory+III&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Horace+K.+Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fires-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fires_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fires, Great", in <i>The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance</i>, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSerrãode_Oliveira_Marques1993" class="citation book cs1">Serrão, Joel; de Oliveira Marques, A. H. (1993). "O Portugal Islâmico". <i>Hova Historia de Portugal. Portugal das Invasões Germânicas à Reconquista</i>. Lisbon: Editorial Presença. p. 123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=O+Portugal+Isl%C3%A2mico&rft.btitle=Hova+Historia+de+Portugal.+Portugal+das+Invas%C3%B5es+Germ%C3%A2nicas+%C3%A0+Reconquista&rft.place=Lisbon&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Editorial+Presen%C3%A7a&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Serr%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=de+Oliveira+Marques%2C+A.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: "Byzantine warfare in an age of Crisis and Recovery", p. 71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-215-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-215-1">978-1-84884-215-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curta-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Curta_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curta, Florin (2006). <i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250.</i> Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521815390" title="Special:BookSources/9780521815390">9780521815390</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guidoboni-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guidoboni_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guidoboni, Traina, 1995, p. 120-121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham1981221-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham1981221_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickham1981">Wickham 1981</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallenbeck198251-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallenbeck198251_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallenbeck1982">Hallenbeck 1982</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dionysius of Telmahre <i>apud</i> Hoyland, 661 n 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Costambeys, "Abel (<i>fl.</i> 744–747)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bon58-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bon58_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter by Pope Zacharias to Boniface, dated Nov. 5, 744, ed. Tangl (no.58), tr. Emerton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Riche, <i>The Carolingians: A Family who forged Europe</i>, pp. 51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grapard, Allan G. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PI133z10bW4C&pg=PA67&dq="><i>The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History,</i> p. 67</a>; excerpt, "We have no information concerning Genbō's exile; the <i>Shoku-Nihongi</i> states simply that Genbō behaved in a manner that did not befit his ecclesiastic position and that he died in 746 as he was trying to escape."; Matsunaga, p. 125; excerpt, "...the degree of Genbō's corruption remains equivocal."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara Yorke, 'East Saxons, kings of the (act. late 6th cent.–c.820)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52340,">accessed 9 Feb 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPryorJeffreys2006" class="citation cs2">Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006), <i>The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204</i>, Brill Academic Publishers, p. 33, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15197-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15197-0"><bdi>978-90-04-15197-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+%CE%94%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%A9%CE%9D%3A+The+Byzantine+Navy+ca.+500%E2%80%931204&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15197-0&rft.aulast=Pryor&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=Jeffreys%2C+Elizabeth+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New Book of Tang, vol. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick2002" class="citation journal cs1">McCormick, Michael (2002). "New Light on the 'Dark Ages': How the Slave Trade Fuelled the Carolingian Economy". <i>Past & Present</i> (177): <span class="nowrap">17–</span>54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F177.1.17">10.1093/past/177.1.17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-2746">0031-2746</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3600877">3600877</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=New+Light+on+the+%27Dark+Ages%27%3A+How+the+Slave+Trade+Fuelled+the+Carolingian+Economy&rft.issue=177&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0031-2746&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3600877%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpast%2F177.1.17&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). The Great Islamic Conquests 632–750 AD, p. 78. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-273-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-273-8">978-1-84603-273-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Varley, H. Paul (1980). <i>A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns</i>. New York: Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-04940-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-04940-4">0-231-04940-4</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=740s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHallenbeck1982" class="citation journal cs1">Hallenbeck, Jan T. (1982). "Pavia and Rome: The Lombard Monarchy and the Papacy in the Eighth Century". <i>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</i>. New Series. <b>72</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1006429">10.2307/1006429</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006429">1006429</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=Pavia+and+Rome%3A+The+Lombard+Monarchy+and+the+Papacy+in+the+Eighth+Century&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E186&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1006429&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1006429%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hallenbeck&rft.aufirst=Jan+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSettipani1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Settipani" title="Christian Settipani">Settipani, Christian</a> (1989). <i>Les Ancêtres de Charlemagne</i> [<i>Charlemagne's Ancestors</i>] (in French). Paris, France. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-906483-28-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-906483-28-1"><bdi>2-906483-28-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28323789">28323789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Anc%C3%AAtres+de+Charlemagne&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28323789&rft.isbn=2-906483-28-1&rft.aulast=Settipani&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWickham1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Wickham" title="Chris Wickham">Wickham, Chris</a> (1981). <i>Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society, 400–1000</i>. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Medieval+Italy%3A+Central+Power+and+Local+Society%2C+400%E2%80%931000&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A740s" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=740s&oldid=1097088249">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=740s&oldid=1097088249</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:740s" title="Category:740s">740s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 July 2022, at 15:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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