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<span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Middle Ages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Medieval_Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Medieval_Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>In Medieval Bulgaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Medieval_Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Kievan_Rus'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Kievan_Rus'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>In Kievan Rus'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Kievan_Rus'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Slavic_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Slavic_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>South Slavic countries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_Slavic_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle South Slavic countries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-South_Slavic_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bulgaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bosnia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bosnia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Macedonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Macedonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>North Macedonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Macedonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montenegro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montenegro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Montenegro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montenegro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Knyaz</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="نياز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نياز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniaz" title="Kniaz – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kniaz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Knyaz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7" title="Кенәз – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кенәз" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Князь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Князь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Князь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Князь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7" title="Княз – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Княз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez" title="Knez – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Knez" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniaz" title="Kniaz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kniaz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B5%C3%A7" title="Кнеç – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кнеç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%88az" title="Kňaz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kňaz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjaz" title="Knjaz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Knjaz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knes" title="Knes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B6" title="Κνιαζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κνιαζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7" title="Чиняз – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чиняз" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniaz" title="Kniaz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kniaz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjazo" title="Knjazo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Knjazo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez" title="Knez – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Knez" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="نیاز (عنوان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیاز (عنوان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C3%A8ze" title="Knèze – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Knèze" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez" title="Knez – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Knez" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Къаьзи – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Къаьзи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%83%90%EC%A7%80" title="크냐지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크냐지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez" title="Knez – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Knez" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knyazo" title="Knyazo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Knyazo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez" title="Knez – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Knez" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjaz" title="Knjaz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Knjaz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%96" title="קניאז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קניאז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7" title="Кінәз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кінәз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knezus" title="Knezus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Knezus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%86azs" title="Kņazs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kņazs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunigaik%C5%A1tis" title="Kunigaikštis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kunigaikštis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kny%C3%A1z" title="Knyáz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Knyáz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Кнез – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кнез" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjaz" title="Knjaz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Knjaz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="クニャージ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クニャージ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjaz" title="Knjaz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Knjaz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Knyaz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knia%C5%BA" title="Kniaź – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kniaź" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnezo" title="Cnezo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cnezo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cneaz" title="Cneaz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cneaz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Князь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Князь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Knyaz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjazi" title="Knjazi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Knjazi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%88az_(Slovania)" title="Kňaz (Slovania) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kňaz (Slovania)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez" title="Knez – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Knez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%A7%EA%99%83%D1%8C" title="Кънѧꙃь – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Кънѧꙃь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Кнез – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кнез" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez" title="Knez – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Knez" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjaz" title="Knjaz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Knjaz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez" title="Knez – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Knez" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7" title="Кенәз – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кенәз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knez_(unvan)" title="Knez (unvan) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Knez (unvan)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Князь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Князь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E7%8E%8B%EF%BC%88%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%EF%BC%89" title="亲王（斯拉夫） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亲王（斯拉夫）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B_(%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB)" title="親王 (斯拉夫) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="親王 (斯拉夫)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC_(%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB)" title="王公 (斯拉夫) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="王公 (斯拉夫)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q273613#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Knyaz" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical Slavic title</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/200px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/300px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/400px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Until <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a> (852–889), the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was <span title="Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="sla">knyaz</i></span> (<span title="Slavic languages collective text"><span lang="sla-Cyrl">Кнѣзъ</span></span>). His son, <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a> (893–927), adopted the title <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> (emperor), which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8.jpg/300px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8.jpg/400px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knyaz</a> <small>(sovereign)</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">Szlachta</a> <small>(noble)</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Druzhina" title="Druzhina">Druzhinnik</a> <small>(retainer)</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Smerd" title="Smerd">Smerd</a> <small>(free tenant)</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Kholop" title="Kholop">Kholop</a> <small>(slave)</small></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_Slavic_status" title="Template:Early Slavic status"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Early_Slavic_status" title="Template talk:Early Slavic status"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_Slavic_status" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early Slavic status"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="sla">Knyaz</i></span></b>, also <b><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh-Latn">knez</i></span></b>, <i><b>knjaz</b></i> or <b><span title="Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="sla">kniaz</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a>: <span lang="cu"><span lang="cu"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%A7%D1%95%D1%8C#Old_Church_Slavonic" class="extiw" title="wikt:кънѧѕь">кънѧѕь</a></span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">kŭnędzĭ</i></span>), is a historical <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times. It is usually translated into <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">prince</a>", "<a href="/wiki/King" title="King">king</a>", or "<a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>" depending on specific historical context and the potentially known Latin equivalents at the time, but the word was originally derived from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">common Germanic</a> <span title="Proto-Germanic-language text">*<i lang="gem"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz">kuningaz</a></i></span> (king).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The female form transliterated from <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> is <b><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">knyaginya</i></span></b> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">княгиня</span></span>), <b><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh-Latn">kneginja</i></span></b> in <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian Cyrillic</a>: <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr-Cyrl">кнегиња</span></span>), <i><b>kniahinia</b></i> (княгіня) in <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> and <i><b>kniazioŭna</b></i> (князёўна) is the daughter of the prince, <b><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><i lang="uk-Latn">kniahynia</i></span></b> (княгиня) in <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> and <b><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><i lang="uk-Latn">kniazivna</i></span></b> (князівна) is the daughter of the prince. In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">knyazhna</i></span> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">княжна</span></span>). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">knyazhich</i></span> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">княжич</span></span> in its old form).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The title is pronounced and written similarly in different <a href="/wiki/European_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="European languages">European languages</a>. In Serbo-Croatian and some <a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic languages</a>, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> also came to mean "priest" (<span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">kněz</i></span>, <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">ksiądz</i></span>, <span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk">kňaz</i></span>) as well as "prince/duke" (<span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh-Latn">knez</i></span>, <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">kníže</i></span>, <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">książę</i></span>, <span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk">knieža</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Vasmer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vasmer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a> it means simply "Mister" (from "Master". Compare French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">monsieur</i></span> from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">mon sieur</i></span> "my lord"), and the Catholic title "<a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">monsignor</a>" for a priest. Today the term <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh-Latn">knez</i></span> is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian literature">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian literature">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Croatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Serbian literature</a>. <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Knez_(surname)" title="Knez (surname)">Knez</a></i></span> is also found as a surname in <a href="/wiki/Former_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Yugoslavia">former Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bascanska_ploca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bascanska_ploca.jpg/220px-Bascanska_ploca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bascanska_ploca.jpg/330px-Bascanska_ploca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bascanska_ploca.jpg/440px-Bascanska_ploca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>The title <i>knez</i> appeared in the early 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1ka_tablet" title="Baška tablet">Baška tablet</a> inscription, found on the island of <a href="/wiki/Krk" title="Krk">Krk</a>, Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The word is ultimately a <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <i>King</i>, the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>König</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> <i>Konung</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Slavic">proto-Slavic</a> form was *<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Slavic/k%D1%8An%C4%99dz%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Proto-Slavic/kъnędzь">kъnędzь</a>, <i>kŭnędzĭ</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic</a>: <span lang="cu">кънѧѕь</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>kŭnędzĭ</i>; <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">княз</span>, <i>knyaz</i>; <a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old East Slavic language">Old East Slavic</a>: <span lang="orv">князь</span>, <i>knyazĭ</i>; <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">książę</i>; <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Serbo-Croatian Latin</a>: <i lang="sh-Latn">knez</i> / <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic</a>: <span lang="sh-Cyrl">кнез</span>; <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">kníže</i>; <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">knieža</i>; etc. It is generally considered to be <a href="/wiki/Chernyakhov_culture" title="Chernyakhov culture">an early borrowing</a> from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz">kuningaz</a></i>, a form also borrowed by <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuningas" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuningas">kuningas</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Vasmer_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vasmer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tradition of translating <i>Knyaz</i> and other Slavic and Russian titles of same origin not as “King” but as "Duke" or "Prince" can be traced back to Medieval Lithuania and Poland when after invasion of Tartar Empire on the lands of Eastern Europe most part of independent Slavic and Russian Kingdoms were destroyed and their lands divided between Fathers of Rome and Rulers of their side and new, Heathen, Tartar Emperors of the East that’s why Slavic and Russian Rulers became subdued to Latin, European Kings and Emperors of Holy Roman Empire, their titles became equal to semidependent Dukes and Princes. </p><p>The rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Poland">Duchy of Poland</a> bore the title of <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:książę">książę</a></i></span>, which was rendered as <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">dux</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">princeps</a></i> in Latin, and later adopted <i>krol</i> (from <i>Karl</i>, the name of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>) and its equivalent <i><a href="/wiki/Rex_(title)" title="Rex (title)">rex</a></i> following <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_the_Brave" title="Bolesław I the Brave">Bolesław I</a>'s coronation in 1025.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Duchy of Lithuania">Duchy of Lithuania</a>, called <i>kunigaikštis</i> (also derived from <i>kuningaz</i>) in Polish, was called <i>magnus dux</i> instead of the Polish word for "king", <i><span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/karalius" class="extiw" title="wikt:karalius">karalius</a></i></span></i> (also derived from <i>Karl</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medieval German records, however, translated <i>knyaz</i> as <i><a href="/wiki/Koning" title="Koning">koning</a></i> (king) until at least the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The meaning of the term changed over the course of history. Initially the term was used to denote the <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">chieftain</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Slavic_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic tribe">Slavic tribe</a>. Later, with the development of feudal statehood, it became the title of a ruler of a state, and among East Slavs (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">княжество</span> (<i>knyazhestvo</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">князівство</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">kniazivstvo</i></span>) traditionally translated as <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a>, for example, of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Medieval_Bulgaria">In Medieval Bulgaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Medieval Bulgaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I of Bulgaria</a> (852–889) changed his title to knyaz after his conversion to Christianity in 864, abandoning the pagan title 'khan' of his predecessors. The new titles were applied to his sons <a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Rasate" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir-Rasate">Vladimir Rasate</a> (889-893) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a> (893–927), however knyaz Simeon took the higher title of <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> soon in 913.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Florin Curta</a>, the primary sources have a variety of names for the rulers of the Bulgars before christianisation - such as including ‘rex’, ‘basileus’ and ‘khagan’. <a href="/wiki/Omurtag" class="mw-redirect" title="Omurtag">Omurtag</a> (814–831) and his son <a href="/wiki/Malamir_of_Bulgaria" title="Malamir of Bulgaria">Malamir</a> (831–836) are mentioned in inscriptions as '<a href="/wiki/Kanasubigi" title="Kanasubigi">kanasubigi</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, secondary sources are almost always '<a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Kievan_Rus'"><span id="In_Kievan_Rus.27"></span>In Kievan Rus'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Kievan Rus'"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Kievan Rus', as the degree of centralization grew, the ruler acquired the title <i><a href="/wiki/Velikii_Knyaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Velikii Knyaz">Velikii Knyaz</a></i> (Великий Князь) (translated as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prince">Grand Prince</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke">Grand Duke</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Grand_duke#Russian_grand_dukes" title="Grand duke">Russian Grand Dukes</a>). He ruled a <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Великое Княжеcтво</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Velikoye Knyazhestvo</i></span> or <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Велике Князiвcтво</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Velyke Knyazivstvo</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy">Grand Duchy</a>), while a ruler of its vassal constituent (<i>udel</i>, <i>udelnoe knyazivstvo</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Volost" title="Volost">volost</a></i>) was called <i>udelny knyaz</i> or simply <i>knyaz</i>. </p><p>When Kievan Rus' became fragmented in the 13th century, the title Knyaz continued to be used in <a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavic</a> states, including <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Kiev's Principality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernigov's Principality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod Republic</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Novgorod" title="Prince of Novgorod">princes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Pereyaslavl" title="Principality of Pereyaslavl">Pereiaslavl Principality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir-Suzdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Muscovy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Tver" title="Principality of Tver">Tver's Principality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Ruthenia</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russia">Russia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kneaze_Alexey_Michailovitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kneaze_Alexey_Michailovitz.jpg/220px-Kneaze_Alexey_Michailovitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Kneaze_Alexey_Michailovitz.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Kneaze Alexey Michailovitz, 1664 (<a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexis I of Russia">Alexis I of Russia</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> gained dominion over much of former <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Velikii_kniaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Velikii kniaz">velikii kniaz</a></i> (великий князь) (<a href="/wiki/Grand_prince" title="Grand prince">Great Kniaz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ivan_IV_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan IV of Russia">Ivan IV of Russia</a> in 1547 was crowned as <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a>. From the mid-18th century onwards, the title Velikii Kniaz was revived to refer to (male-line) sons and grandsons of Russian Emperors. See <a href="/wiki/Tsar#Titles_for_Tsar's_family" title="Tsar">titles for Tsar's family</a> for details. </p><p><i>Kniaz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">князь</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈknʲæsʲ]</a></span>) continued as a hereditary title of <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian nobility</a> patrilineally descended from <a href="/wiki/Rurik" title="Rurik">Rurik</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Belozersky_(surname)" title="Belozersky (surname)">Belozersky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belosselsky-Belozersky_family" title="Belosselsky-Belozersky family">Belosselsky-Belozersky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repnin" title="Repnin">Repnin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorchakov" title="Gorchakov">Gorchakov</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Gediminas" title="Gediminas">Gediminas</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Galitzine" class="mw-redirect" title="Galitzine">Galitzine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troubetzkoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Troubetzkoy">Troubetzkoy</a>). Members of <a href="/wiki/Rurikid" class="mw-redirect" title="Rurikid">Rurikid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gedyminid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gedyminid">Gedyminid</a> families were called princes when they ruled tiny quasi-sovereign medieval principalities. After their demesnes were absorbed by Muscovy, they settled at the Moscow court and were authorised to continue with their princely titles. </p><p>From the 18th century onwards, the title was occasionally granted by the Tsar, for the first time by <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter the Great</a> to his associate <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Danilovich_Menshikov" title="Alexander Danilovich Menshikov">Alexander Menshikov</a>, and then by <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> to her lover <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Potemkin" title="Grigory Potemkin">Grigory Potemkin</a>. After 1801, with the incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, various titles of numerous local nobles were controversially rendered in <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> as "kniazes". </p><p>Finally, within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> of 1809–1917, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> was officially called <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy">Grand Principality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Finland</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta</i>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Storfurstendömet Finland</i>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Великое Княжество Финляндское</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Velikoye Knyazhestvo Finlyandskoye</i></span>). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Translation issues </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Russian </th> <th colspan="2">English analogs, approximately </th> <th>English analogs after the 18th century </th></tr> <tr> <td>kniaz (князь, [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˈknjæsʲ</span>]) </td> <td>king </td> <td>duke </td> <td>prince </td></tr> <tr> <td>kniaginia (княгиня, [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">knʲɪˈginʲə</span>]) </td> <td>queen </td> <td>duchess </td> <td>princess </td></tr> <tr> <td>kniazhich (княжич, [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˈknjaʐɨt͡ɕ</span>]) </td> <td>prince (son of a king) </td> <td>son of a duke </td> <td>prince (son of a prince) </td></tr> <tr> <td>kniazhna (княжна, [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">knʲɪˈʐna</span>]) </td> <td>princess (daughter of a king) </td> <td>daughter of a duke </td> <td>princess (daughter of a prince) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As noted above, the title <i>knyaz</i> or <i>kniaz</i> became a hereditary noble title in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>. Following <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lublin" title="Union of Lublin">the union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>, <i>kniaź</i> became a recognised title in the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>. By the 1630s – apart from the title <i>pan</i>, which indicated membership of the large <i><a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a></i> noble class – <i>kniaź</i> was the only hereditary title that was officially recognised and officially used in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Notable holders of the title <i>kniaź</i> include <a href="/wiki/Jeremi_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Jeremi Wiśniowiecki">Jeremi Wiśniowiecki</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_Slavic_countries">South Slavic countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: South Slavic countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, the Serbian term <i>knez</i> (кнез) and the Bulgarian term <i>knyaz</i> (княз) were revived to denote semi-independent rulers of those countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87,_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia">Alexander Karađorđević</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria">Alexander of Battenberg</a>. In parts of Serbia and western Bulgaria, <i>knez</i> was the informal title of the elder or mayor of a village or <a href="/wiki/Zadruga" title="Zadruga">zadruga</a> until around the 19th century. Those are officially called <i>gradonačelnik</i> (градоначелник) (Serbia) and <i>gradonachalnik</i> (градоначалник) or <i>kmet</i> (кмет) (Bulgaria). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bulgaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prior to Battenberg, the title <i>knyaz</i> was born by <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> (9th–10th century). At the height of his power, Simeon adopted the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a></i> ("emperor"), as did the Bulgarian rulers after the country became officially independent in 1908.</li> <li>As of Bulgaria's independence in 1908, Knyaz <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand of Bulgaria">Ferdinand</a> became Tsar Ferdinand, and the words <i>knyaz</i> and <i>knyaginya</i> began to be used instead for the tsar's children – the heir to the throne, for example, held the title <i>Knyaz Tarnovski</i> (<a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Tarnovo" title="Prince of Tarnovo">Prince of Tarnovo</a>").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosnia">Bosnia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bosnia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(early_medieval)" title="Bosnia (early medieval)">early medieval Bosnia</a> <i>knez</i> (<i>knjaz, књаз</i>) was a title used, along <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupan" title="Župan">župan</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Vojvoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Vojvoda">vojvoda</a></i>) titles, for Bosnian rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first such ruler, recorded in historic documents and later historiography, was <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_Duke_of_Bosnia" title="Stephen, Duke of Bosnia">Stephen, Duke of Bosnia</a>. </p><p>Later it was held by several of most powerful magnates (in Bosnia <i>vlastelin</i>) of the era, sometime along with an office title given to a person through service to the monarch, such as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Bosnia" title="Grand Duke of Bosnia">Grand Duke of Bosnia</a> (<i>Veliki vojvoda bosanski</i>), which was office of the supreme military commander of the realm. Other noble titles included the <i>knez</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a> (<i>vojvoda</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupan" title="Župan"><i>župan</i></a>. The title <i>knez</i> is equivalent to that of <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">prince</a>. Among most influential of Bosnian nobleman with the title <i>knez</i> was <a href="/wiki/Pavle_Radinovi%C4%87" title="Pavle Radinović">Pavle Radinović</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pavlovi%C4%87_noble_family" title="Pavlović noble family">Radinović-Pavlović</a> noble family, while other include several noblemen from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radojevi%C4%87-Mirkovi%C4%87_noble_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radojević-Mirković noble family (page does not exist)">Radojević-Mirković family</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Bati%C4%87_Mirkovi%C4%87" title="Batić Mirković">Batić Mirković</a>. Further families that bear this title are for example <a href="/wiki/Batalo" title="Batalo">Šantić noble family</a> and most members of <a href="/wiki/Hrvatini%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrvatinić">Hrvatinić</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>knez</i> was the monarchial title used by the medieval rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pannonian_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Pannonian Croatia">Duchy of Pannonian Croatia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Littoral Croatia</a> from the 7th to the 10th century, who were mostly titled as <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">dux</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rarely as <i><a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">princeps</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Latin sources and translated as <i>Dukes</i> in English ones.</li> <li><i>knez</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was, in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, a hereditary <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> title borne by Croatian <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> noble families who were great territorial magnates of high social class (such as <i>knezovi Bribirski</i> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ubi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Šubić">Counts of Bribir</a>), <i>knezovi Krčki</i> (<a href="/wiki/Frankopan" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankopan">Counts of Krk</a>) and <i>knezovi Zrinski</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zrinski_family" title="Zrinski family">Counts of Zrin</a>)) and went by the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">comes</a></i> in Latin and <i>Count</i> in English.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Macedonia">North Macedonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: North Macedonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title used in <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian historiography">Macedonian historiography</a> for Medieval local leaders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montenegro">Montenegro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Montenegro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>knjaz</i> (књаз) was the ruler title used by the <a href="/wiki/Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_dynasty" title="Petrović-Njegoš dynasty">Petrović-Njegoš dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Principality of Montenegro</a> from 1852 until the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a> in 1905, translated as "Prince".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>knez</i> (кнез) or <i>knjaz</i> (књаз) is a common term used in Serbian historiography for Serbian rulers in the Early Middle Ages, who were titled <i><a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archon</a></i> in Greek.</li> <li><i>knez</i> (кнез) or <i>knjaz</i> (књаз) was a noble title used by medieval rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Moravian Serbia</a>.</li> <li><i>knez</i> (кнез) was a title borne by local Serbian chiefs under the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. It was another name for the Ottoman Turkish rank of <a href="/wiki/Kodjabashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodjabashi">kodjabashi</a>, held by local Christian chiefs.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Obor-knez" title="Obor-knez">obor-knez</a></i> (обор-кнез) was a title borne by elected local native Serbian chiefs of the <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiyah" title="Nahiyah">nahiyah</a></i> (district of a group of villages) in the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Smederevo" title="Sanjak of Smederevo">Sanjak of Smederevo</a> (also known as the Belgrade Pashaluk). The obor-knez was senior chief and responsible for his district's people and was their spokesman (intermediary) in direct relations with the Pasha, though usually through the <i><a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">sipahi</a></i>, and was in charge of the transfer of taxes levied on the villages.</li> <li><i>knez</i> (кнез) or <i>knjaz</i> (књаз) was the monarchial title used by <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Obrenovi%C4%87_I,_Prince_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia">Miloš Obrenović</a> in <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a>, translated as "Prince". Serbia known as <i>Kneževina Srbija</i> (Кнежевина Србија) was <i>de facto</i> independent since 1817, becoming <i>de jure</i> independent with the 1869 constitution. The successors of Miloš used the title until 1882 when Serbia was elevated into a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">kingdom</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Voivode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospodar" title="Hospodar">Hospodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knyazev" title="Knyazev">Knyazev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knez_(Vlach_leader)" title="Knez (Vlach leader)">Knez (Vlach leader)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFde_Madariaga1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_Madariaga" title="Isabel de Madariaga">de Madariaga, Isabel</a> (1997). "Tsar into Emperor: the title of Peter the Great". In Oresko, R.; Gibbs, G. C.; <a href="/wiki/H._M._Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="H. M. Scott">Scott, H. M.</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kfXtdrD6kVIC"><i>Royal and Republican Sovereignty in Early Modern Europe: Essays in Memory of Ragnhild Hatton</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521419109" title="Special:BookSources/9780521419109"><bdi>9780521419109</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tsar+into+Emperor%3A+the+title+of+Peter+the+Great&rft.btitle=Royal+and+Republican+Sovereignty+in+Early+Modern+Europe%3A+Essays+in+Memory+of+Ragnhild+Hatton&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=354&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780521419109&rft.aulast=de+Madariaga&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkfXtdrD6kVIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Даль В. Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка в 4-х т. М., 1956. Т. 2, с. 126; Рабинович М. Г. Очерки этнографии феодального города. М., 1978, с. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vasmer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vasmer_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vasmer_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fshare%2Fstarling%2Fmorpho&morpho=1&basename=%5Cusr%5Clocal%5Cshare%5Cstarling%5Cmorpho%5Cvasmer%5Cvasmer&first=1&text_word=князь&method_word=substring&text_general=&method_general=substring&text_origin=&method_origin=substring&text_trubachev=&method_trubachev=substring&text_editorial=&method_editorial=substring&text_pages=&method_pages=substring&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=word">"князь". "Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary" online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Фроянов И. Я. Киевская Русь. Л., 1980. 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Kurz, Josef. <i>Slovnik Jazyka Staroslověnskeho: Lexicon Linguae Palaeoslavonicae.</i> 1958.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"knez". <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, 1989, online <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50127386?query_type=word&queryword=prince&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1">[1]</a> (subscription required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrost2018" class="citation book cs1">Frost, Robert I. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=245lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5"><i>The Oxford History of Poland-Lithuania: Volume I</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-256814-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-256814-4"><bdi>978-0-19-256814-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Poland-Lithuania%3A+Volume+I&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-256814-4&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Robert+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D245lDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2005" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Norman (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b912JnKpYTkC&pg=PA60"><i>God's Playground A History of Poland</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925339-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925339-5"><bdi>978-0-19-925339-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Playground+A+History+of+Poland&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925339-5&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db912JnKpYTkC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuziedelis2011" class="citation book cs1">Suziedelis, Saulius A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VkGB1CSfIlEC&pg=PA119"><i>Historical Dictionary of Lithuania</i></a>. 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(1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kDpmAAAAMAAJ"><i>Types on Russian Coins of the XIV and XV Centuries</i></a>. BAR International Series. Translated by H. Bartlett Wells. <a href="/wiki/British_Archaeological_Reports" title="British Archaeological Reports">British Archaeological Reports</a>. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86054-214-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86054-214-8"><bdi>978-0-86054-214-8</bdi></a>. <q>This is attested in particular by diplomatic documents. In treaties between Novgorod and the Livonian cities <i>veli[k]ii knyaz</i> (grand prince) is translated as "great king" - in German, <i>grote koning</i> - treaties of 1342, 1371, 1372, 1420 and elsewhere.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Types+on+Russian+Coins+of+the+XIV+and+XV+Centuries&rft.series=BAR+International+Series&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=British+Archaeological+Reports&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-86054-214-8&rft.aulast=Chernetsov&rft.aufirst=A.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkDpmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1">Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YbS9QmwDC58C&pg=PA141"><i>The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</i></a>. University of Michigan Press. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08149-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08149-3"><bdi>978-0-472-08149-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-472-08149-3&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYbS9QmwDC58C%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFПавлов2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Павлов, Пламен (24 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liternet.bg/publish13/p_pavlov/syrbia.htm">"СЪРБИЯ В ПОЛИТИКАТА НА КНЯЗ КНЯЗ БОРИС-МИХАИЛ (852 – 889) И ЦАР СИМЕОН ВЕЛИКИ (893 – 927)"</a>. <i>LiterNet</i> (in Bulgarian). <b>5</b> (114).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LiterNet&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%AA%D0%A0%D0%91%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%92+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%90+%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%AF%D0%97+%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%AF%D0%97+%D0%91%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%A1-%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%98%D0%9B+%28852+%E2%80%93+889%29+%D0%98+%D0%A6%D0%90%D0%A0+%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%9E%D0%9D+%D0%92%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%98+%28893+%E2%80%93+927%29&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=114&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.aulast=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliternet.bg%2Fpublish13%2Fp_pavlov%2Fsyrbia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constantine Porphyrogenitus, <i>De Administrando Imperio,</i> Chapter 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Николов, Г., Централизъм и регионализъм в ранносредновековна България (края на VII – началото на XI в.), Академично издателство „Марин Дринов“, София 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/954-430-787-7" title="Special:BookSources/954-430-787-7">954-430-787-7</a>, с. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Гюзелев, В., Кавханите и ичиргу-боилите на българското ханство-царство (VII – XI в.), Фондация Българско историческо наследство; Пловдив 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-954-91983-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-954-91983-1-7">978-954-91983-1-7</a>, с. 40, 61;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagySchmiederVadas2019" class="citation book cs1">Nagy, Balázs; Schmieder, Felicitas; Vadas, András, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=knez&rft.pub=Croatian+Encyclopedia+by+Miroslav+Krle%C5%BEa+Institute+of+Lexicography+%28online+edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D32058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=2463">"Borna"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Biographical_Lexicon" title="Croatian Biographical Lexicon">Croatian Biographical Lexicon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa_Institute_of_Lexicography" title="Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography">Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography</a> (online edition)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Borna&rft.pub=Croatian+Biographical+Lexicon+by+Miroslav+Krle%C5%BEa+Institute+of+Lexicography+%28online+edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbl.lzmk.hr%2Fclanak.aspx%3Fid%3D2463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=11905">"Trpimir I"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Biographical_Lexicon" title="Croatian Biographical Lexicon">Croatian Biographical Lexicon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa_Institute_of_Lexicography" title="Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography">Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography</a> (online edition)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trpimir+I&rft.pub=Croatian+Biographical+Lexicon+by+Miroslav+Krle%C5%BEa+Institute+of+Lexicography+%28online+edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbl.lzmk.hr%2Fclanak.aspx%3Fid%3D11905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=5070">"Domagoj"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Biographical_Lexicon" title="Croatian Biographical Lexicon">Croatian Biographical Lexicon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa_Institute_of_Lexicography" title="Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography">Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography</a> (online edition)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domagoj&rft.pub=Croatian+Biographical+Lexicon+by+Miroslav+Krle%C5%BEa+Institute+of+Lexicography+%28online+edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbl.lzmk.hr%2Fclanak.aspx%3Fid%3D5070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=2707">"Branimir"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Biographical_Lexicon" title="Croatian Biographical Lexicon">Croatian Biographical Lexicon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa_Institute_of_Lexicography" title="Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography">Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography</a> (online edition)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Branimir&rft.pub=Croatian+Biographical+Lexicon+by+Miroslav+Krle%C5%BEa+Institute+of+Lexicography+%28online+edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbl.lzmk.hr%2Fclanak.aspx%3Fid%3D2707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStavrianos2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/L._S._Stavrianos" title="L. S. Stavrianos">Stavrianos, Leften Stavros</a> (2000) [1958]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Balkans_Since_1453" title="The Balkans Since 1453">The Balkans Since 1453</a></i>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1850655510" title="Special:BookSources/1850655510"><bdi>1850655510</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans+Since+1453&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1850655510&rft.aulast=Stavrianos&rft.aufirst=Leften+Stavros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnyaz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knyaz&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mihaljčić, R. 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