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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wood shaped into curves while wet</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bentwood" title="Special:EditPage/Bentwood">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bentwood%22">"Bentwood"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bentwood%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bentwood%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bentwood%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bentwood%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bentwood%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Thonet_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Michael_Thonet_14.jpg/150px-Michael_Thonet_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Michael_Thonet_14.jpg/225px-Michael_Thonet_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Michael_Thonet_14.jpg/300px-Michael_Thonet_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/No._14_chair" title="No. 14 chair">No. 14 chair</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngv,_Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet,_culla,_1870_circa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ngv%2C_Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet%2C_culla%2C_1870_circa.JPG/220px-Ngv%2C_Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet%2C_culla%2C_1870_circa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ngv%2C_Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet%2C_culla%2C_1870_circa.JPG/330px-Ngv%2C_Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet%2C_culla%2C_1870_circa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ngv%2C_Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet%2C_culla%2C_1870_circa.JPG/440px-Ngv%2C_Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet%2C_culla%2C_1870_circa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="1711" /></a><figcaption>Cradle by <a href="/wiki/Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet" title="Gebrüder Thonet">Gebrüder Thonet</a> (ca. 1870)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bentwood</b> objects are made by wetting wood (either by soaking or by steaming), then bending it and letting it harden into curved shapes and patterns. </p><p>Furniture-makers often use this method in the production of <a href="/wiki/Rocking_chair" title="Rocking chair">rocking chairs</a>, cafe chairs, and other light furniture. The iconic <a href="/wiki/No._14_chair" title="No. 14 chair">No. 14 chair</a> (also known as the "Vienna chair"), developed in the 1850s in the Austrian Empire by <a href="/wiki/Gebr%C3%BCder_Thonet" title="Gebrüder Thonet">Thonet</a>, is a well-known design based on the technique.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process is in widespread use for making casual and informal furniture of all types, particularly seating and table forms. It is also a popular technique in the worldwide production of furniture with frames made of heavy cane, which is commonly imported into European and Western shops. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsimshian_box_(UBC-2009).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tsimshian_box_%28UBC-2009%29.jpg/220px-Tsimshian_box_%28UBC-2009%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tsimshian_box_%28UBC-2009%29.jpg/330px-Tsimshian_box_%28UBC-2009%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tsimshian_box_%28UBC-2009%29.jpg/440px-Tsimshian_box_%28UBC-2009%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Thuja_plicata" title="Thuja plicata">red cedar</a> <a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a> bentwood box dating from the 1880s, on display at the <a href="/wiki/UBC_Museum_of_Anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="UBC Museum of Anthropology">UBC Museum of Anthropology</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bentwood boxes</b> are a traditional item made by the <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> people of the North American west coast including the <a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gitxsan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gitxsan people">Gitxsan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tlingit_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlingit people">Tlingit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsimshian people">Tsimshian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Alutiiq people">Sugpiaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut people">Unangax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yup'ik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inupiat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiat people">Inupiaq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coast_Salish_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Salish peoples">Coast Salish</a>. These boxes are generally made out of one piece of wood that is steamed and bent to form a box. Traditional uses of the boxes varied - they included storage of food goods and of clothing, and for burial. They were often without decoration while others were decorated elaborately. Today many are made for collectors and can be purchased from museums, gift shops and online sites as well as directly commissioned from the artists.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Aleut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut people">Aleut</a> or Unangan people of Alaska made <a href="/wiki/Unangan_hunting_headgear" title="Unangan hunting headgear">hunting visors</a>, called <i><a href="/wiki/Chagudax" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagudax">chagudax</a></i>, out of driftwood using the bentwood method. Hunters in kayaks used the visors - they are said to help keep sea spray off the face as well as to improve hearing. They were often decorated with paints, beads, sea-lion whiskers and ivory figurines. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gronholdt" title="Andrew Gronholdt">Andrew Gronholdt</a> revived the art of chagudax in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Present-day Unangan artists create chagudax for ceremonial purposes and offer them for sale to the public as well.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentwood&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ercol" title="Ercol">Ercol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Ercolani" title="Lucian Ercolani">Lucian Ercolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twig_work" title="Twig work">Twig work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_art" class="mw-redirect" title="First Nations art">First Nations art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaker-style_pantry_box" title="Shaker-style pantry box">Shaker-style pantry box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_bending" title="Steam bending">Steam bending</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentwood&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPostell2012" class="citation book cs1">Postell, Jim (6 November 2012). "Furniture Case Studies: 1855-1859 Cafe chair, Model No. 14". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kBG-hNk4s34C"><i>Furniture Design</i></a> (2 ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">84–</span>85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118090787" title="Special:BookSources/9781118090787"><bdi>9781118090787</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>[...] the bentwood technique was utilized because sea travel and exposure to the elements during transportation caused delamination to occur. [...] Using steam-bending techniques, the leg supports and seat back were made from solid beech wood and the seat frame was made from laminated wood. [...] Model No. 14 was an ideal café chair for the coffeehouses and cafés emerging throughout Europe and America. It was called the Vienna chair after the Viennese coffeehouses, where it first came into use.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Furniture+Case+Studies%3A+1855-1859+Cafe+chair%2C+Model+No.+14&rft.btitle=Furniture+Design&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E84-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-11-06&rft.isbn=9781118090787&rft.aulast=Postell&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBG-hNk4s34C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABentwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/treasure/237eng.shtml">"Treasures Gallery - Bentwood storage boxes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Museum of Civilization">Canadian Museum of Civilization</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treasures+Gallery+-+Bentwood+storage+boxes&rft.pub=Canadian+Museum+of+Civilization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilization.ca%2Fcmc%2Fexhibitions%2Ftresors%2Ftreasure%2F237eng.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABentwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033004/http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014557/1100100014563">"Haida Gwaii … "Islands of the People"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haida_Heritage_Centre" title="Haida Heritage Centre">Haida Heritage Centre</a>. 2010-09-15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014557/1100100014563">the original</a> on December 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haida+Gwaii+%E2%80%A6+%22Islands+of+the+People%22&rft.pub=Haida+Heritage+Centre&rft.date=2010-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca%2Feng%2F1100100014557%2F1100100014563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABentwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collection-online.moa.ubc.ca/collection-online/search?keywords=bentwood">"Collection Online: Bentwood"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Anthropology_at_UBC" title="Museum of Anthropology at UBC">Museum of Anthropology at UBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collection+Online%3A+Bentwood&rft.pub=Museum+of+Anthropology+at+UBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollection-online.moa.ubc.ca%2Fcollection-online%2Fsearch%3Fkeywords%3Dbentwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABentwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_MacDonald1996" class="citation book cs1">George MacDonald (1996). <i>Haida Art</i>. University of Washington Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haida+Art&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.au=George+MacDonald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABentwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChadwick1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerah_Chadwick" title="Jerah Chadwick">Chadwick, Jerah</a> (September–October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/sop/sopv3i4.pdf">"Revival of Unangaˆx/Aleut Hatmaking: In Memory of Andrew Gronholdt"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sharing Our Pathways: A Newsletter of the Alaska Rural Systemic Initiative</i>. <b>3</b> (4). Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Fairbanks: <span class="nowrap">12–</span>13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>Prominent among contemporary bentwood artists was Andrew Gronholdt, who died in March, 1998 at the age of 82. A Qagan Tayaguˆx (Man of the Eastern Aleutians) from the Shumagin Islands, Gronholdt is largely responsible for the revival of hatmaking in the Aleutians. [...] Gronholdt began researching construction methods in 1985 [...]. [...] As a result of Gronholdt's work, a new generation of Unangaˆx people have been inspired to create their own visors and hats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sharing+Our+Pathways%3A+A+Newsletter+of+the+Alaska+Rural+Systemic+Initiative&rft.atitle=Revival+of+Unanga%CB%86x%2FAleut+Hatmaking%3A+In+Memory+of+Andrew+Gronholdt&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E12-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=1998-09%2F1998-10&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Jerah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ankn.uaf.edu%2Fsop%2Fsopv3i4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABentwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225015406/https://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=18">"Alaska Native Collections Smithsonian Institution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=18">the original</a> on 25 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alaska+Native+Collections+Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falaska.si.edu%2Frecord.asp%3Fid%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABentwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721033108/http://articles.ktuu.com/2012-03-09/hat_31141973">"Ancient Aleut Art of Making Bentwood Visors Showcased at Anchorage Museum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.ktuu.com/2012-03-09/hat_31141973">the original</a> on 21 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+Aleut+Art+of+Making+Bentwood+Visors+Showcased+at+Anchorage+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.ktuu.com%2F2012-03-09%2Fhat_31141973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABentwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentwood&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bentwood_furniture" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bentwood furniture">Bentwood furniture</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/bentwood" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/bentwood">bentwood</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100917063440/http://allwoodwork.com/article/woodwork/methods_of_bending_wood.htm">AllWoodwork.com – Methods of Bending Wood</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finewoodworking.com/SkillsAndTechniques/SkillsAndTechniquesAllAbout.aspx?id=2962">FineWoodWorking.com – Skills and Techniques</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015150208/http://www.taylorsclassics.com/blog/the-history-and-popularity-of-bentwood-furniture">Taylor's Classics – The History and Popularity of Bentwood Furniture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thillmann-collection.de/webe/index.html">Thillmann Collection: The world's largest private collection of Thonet and bentwood furniture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woodweb.com/knowledge_base/Rx_For_Bending_Wood.html">Woodweb.com – Rx For Bending Wood: Dr. Gene Wengert offers advice on bending solid lumber in production applications</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Chip_carving" title="Chip carving">Chip carving</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" title="Ébéniste">Ébéniste</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fretwork" title="Fretwork">Fretwork</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pyrography" title="Pyrography">Wood burning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">Wood carving</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woodturning" title="Woodturning">Woodturning</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo">Azulejo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bone_china" title="Bone china">Bone china</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">Earthenware</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stoneware" title="Stoneware">Stoneware</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">Tile</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">Glass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cameo_glass" title="Cameo glass">Cameo glass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chip_work" title="Chip work">Chip work</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enamelled_glass" title="Enamelled glass">Enamelled glass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glass_etching" title="Glass etching">Glass etching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_glassware" title="List of glassware">Glassware</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mirror" title="Mirror">Mirror</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andiron" title="Andiron">Andiron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_in_bronze_and_brass" title="Art in bronze and brass">Bronze and brass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_milling" title="Chemical milling">Chemical milling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Enamel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">Etching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ironwork" title="Ironwork">Ironwork</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">Silversmith</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(art)" title="Assemblage (art)">Assemblage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balloon_modelling" title="Balloon modelling">Balloon modelling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bone_carving" title="Bone carving">Bone carving</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doll" title="Doll">Doll making</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dollhouse" title="Dollhouse">Dollhouse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Egg decorating</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraved gems</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faux_painting" title="Faux painting">Faux painting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grotesque_(architecture)" title="Grotesque (architecture)">Grotesque</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle" title="Gargoyle">Gargoyle</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hardstone_carving" title="Hardstone carving">Hardstone carving</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lath_art" title="Lath art">Lath art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapidary" title="Lapidary">Lapidary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leather_crafting" title="Leather crafting">Leatherworking</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">Miniatures</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">Mosaic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glass_mosaic" title="Glass mosaic">Glass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Micromosaic" title="Micromosaic">Micromosaic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Netsuke" title="Netsuke">Netsuke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">Ornament</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pargeting" title="Pargeting">Pargeting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pietra_dura" title="Pietra dura">Pietra dura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Private_press" title="Private press">Private press</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oshibana" title="Oshibana">Oshibana, pressed flower craft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scrimshaw" title="Scrimshaw">Scrimshaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Straw_marquetry" title="Straw marquetry">Straw marquetry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taxidermy" title="Taxidermy">Taxidermy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wall_decal" title="Wall decal">Wall decal</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Regional_or_Historical22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional or Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_handcrafts_and_folk_art" title="Mexican handcrafts and folk art">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decorative_painting_in_H%C3%A4lsingland" title="Decorative painting in Hälsingland">Painting in Hälsingland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentwood&oldid=1263832214">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentwood&oldid=1263832214</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Decorative_arts" title="Category:Decorative arts">Decorative arts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Woodworking" 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