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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Medical career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NASA_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NASA_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>NASA career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-NASA_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle NASA career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-NASA_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-STS-47" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#STS-47"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>STS-47</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-STS-47-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation_from_NASA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation_from_NASA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Resignation from NASA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation_from_NASA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-NASA_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-NASA_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-NASA career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-NASA_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Public profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Honors and awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honors and awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_doctorates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_doctorates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Honorary doctorates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_doctorates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mae Jemison</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ماي جيميسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماي جيميسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Мей Джемисън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мей Джемисън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemisonov%C3%A1" title="Mae Jemisonová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mae Jemisonová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="می جمیسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="می جمیسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A8" title="메이 제미슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메이 제미슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B5_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Մեյ Ջեմիսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեյ Ջեմիսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="मेई जैमिसन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेई जैमिसन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%92%27%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מיי ג'מיסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיי ג'מיסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮೇ ಜೆಮಿಸನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೇ ಜೆಮಿಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მეი ჯემისონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეი ჯემისონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maia_Jemison" title="Maia Jemison – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maia Jemison" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Carol_Jemison" title="Mae Carol Jemison – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mae Carol Jemison" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="മീ ജെമിസൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മീ ജെമിസൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ماى جيميسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماى جيميسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%9F%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="メイ・ジェミソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メイ・ジェミソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%87_%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%A8" title="ମେଇ ଯେମିସନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମେଇ ଯେମିସନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86" title="مای جيمیسن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مای جيمیسن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Джемисон, Мэй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джемисон, Мэй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemisonov%C3%A1" title="Mae Jemisonová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mae Jemisonová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mej_D%C5%BEemison" title="Mej Džemison – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mej Džemison" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மே ஜெமிசன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மே ஜெமிசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_C._Jemison" 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Jemison – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mae C. Jemison" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мей Керол Джемісон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мей Керол Джемісон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mae Jemison" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E7%B1%B3%E6%A3%AE" title="梅·杰米森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="梅·杰米森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mae_Jemison" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Jemison&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American astronaut, doctor and engineer (born 1956)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mae Jemison</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg/220px-Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg/330px-Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg/440px-Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6204" data-file-height="7755" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jemison in July 1992</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mae Carol Jemison</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1956-10-17</span>) </span>October 17, 1956<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 68)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur, Alabama</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Space career</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header role"><a href="/wiki/NASA_astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA astronaut">NASA astronaut</a></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time in space</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7d 22h 30m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Selection</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">NASA Group 12 (1987)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Missions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mission insignia</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-47-patch.png" class="mw-file-description" title="STS-47"><img alt="STS-47" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sts-47-patch.png/58px-Sts-47-patch.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sts-47-patch.png/87px-Sts-47-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sts-47-patch.png/116px-Sts-47-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="656" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retirement</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1993</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mae Carol Jemison</b> (born October 17, 1956) is an American <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>, and former <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> astronaut. She became the first <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> woman to travel into space when she served as a <a href="/wiki/Mission_specialist" title="Mission specialist">mission specialist</a> aboard the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i></a> in 1992. Jemison joined NASA's <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">astronaut corps in 1987</a> and was selected to serve for the <a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a> mission, during which the <i>Endeavour</i> orbited the Earth for nearly eight days on September 12–20, 1992. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> and raised in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Jemison graduated from <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> with degrees in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/African_studies" title="African studies">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/African-American_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American studies">African-American studies</a>. She then earned her medical degree from <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell University Medical School">Cornell University</a>. Jemison was a doctor for the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> from 1983 until 1985 and worked as a <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">general practitioner</a>. In pursuit of becoming an astronaut, she applied to NASA. </p><p>Jemison left NASA in 1993 and founded a technology research company. She later formed a non-profit educational foundation and through the foundation is the principal of the <a href="/wiki/100_Year_Starship" title="100 Year Starship">100 Year Starship</a> project funded by <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>. Jemison also wrote several books for children and appeared on television several times, including in <a href="/wiki/Second_Chances_(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="Second Chances (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">a 1993 episode</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i>. She holds several <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">honorary doctorates</a> and has been inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_inductees_in_the_International_Space_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of inductees in the International Space Hall of Fame">International Space Hall of Fame</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <p>Mae Carol Jemison was born in <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur, Alabama</a>, on October 17, 1956,<sup id="cite_ref-Hine_140–41_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hine_140–41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the youngest of three children of Charlie Jemison and Dorothy Jemison (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Green</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was a maintenance supervisor for a charity organization, and her mother worked most of her career as an elementary school teacher of English and math at the Ludwig van Beethoven Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Determined_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Determined-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family first lived in <a href="/wiki/Woodlawn,_Chicago" title="Woodlawn, Chicago">Woodlawn</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Park,_Chicago" title="Morgan Park, Chicago">Morgan Park</a> neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison knew from a young age that she wanted to study science and someday go into space.<sup id="cite_ref-MAKERS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAKERS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The television show <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i> and, in particular, African-American actress <a href="/wiki/Nichelle_Nichols" title="Nichelle Nichols">Nichelle Nichols</a>' portrayal of Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Uhura" class="mw-redirect" title="Uhura">Uhura</a> further stoked her interest in space.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jemison enjoyed studying nature and <a href="/wiki/Human_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Human physiology">human physiology</a>, using her observations to learn more about science. Although her mother encouraged her curiosity<sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both her parents were supportive of her interest in science, she did not always see the same support from her teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-Bio_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Jemison told a kindergarten teacher she wanted to be a scientist when she grew up, the teacher assumed she meant she wanted to be a nurse.<sup id="cite_ref-Ebony_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebony-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeing a lack of female astronauts during the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo missions</a> also frustrated Jemison. She later recalled, "everybody was thrilled about space, but I remember being really really irritated that there were no women astronauts."<sup id="cite_ref-MAKERS_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAKERS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jemison began studying ballet at the age of 8 or 9 and entered high school at 12 years old, where she joined the cheerleading team and the Modern Dance Club.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison had a great love for dance from a young age. She learned several styles of dance, including <a href="/wiki/African_dance" title="African dance">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_traditional_dance" title="Japanese traditional dance">Japanese</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_dance" title="Jazz dance">jazz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">modern dance</a>. As a child, Jemison had aspirations of becoming a professional dancer.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 14, she auditioned for the leading role of Maria in <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="West Side Story (musical)">West Side Story</a></i>. She did not get the leading role but was selected as a background dancer.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating from Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Park_High_School" title="Morgan Park High School">Morgan Park High School</a> in 1973,<sup id="cite_ref-Ebony_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebony-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison entered <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> at the age of 16.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although she was young to be leaving home for college, Jemison later said it did not faze her because she was "naive and stubborn enough".<sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were very few other African-American students in Jemison's classes and she continued to experience discrimination from her teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">The Des Moines Register</a></i> in 2008, Jemison said that it was difficult to go to Stanford at 16 but that her youthful arrogance may have helped her;<sup id="cite_ref-Desmoines_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Desmoines-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she asserted that some arrogance is necessary for women and minorities to be successful in a white male dominated society.<sup id="cite_ref-Desmoines_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Desmoines-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Stanford, Jemison served as head of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Students_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Students Union">Black Students Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bio_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also <a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">choreographed</a> a musical and dance production called <i>Out of the Shadows</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her senior year in college, she struggled with the choice between going to medical school or pursuing a career as a professional dancer after graduation;<sup id="cite_ref-Whatwas_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whatwas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she graduated from Stanford in 1977, receiving a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">B.S.</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hine_140–41_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hine_140–41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/African_studies" title="African studies">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/African-American_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American studies">African-American studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazer1993_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazer1993-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at Stanford, she also pursued studies related to her childhood interest in space and first considered applying to NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_career">Medical career</h2></div> <p>Jemison attended <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell Medical School">Cornell Medical School</a> and during her training, traveled to Cuba, to conduct a study funded by <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Student_Association" title="American Medical Student Association">American Medical Student Association</a> and to Thailand, where she worked at a Cambodian <a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp" title="Refugee camp">refugee camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frazer1993_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazer1993-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also worked for <a href="/wiki/Flying_Doctors_of_America" title="Flying Doctors of America">Flying Doctors</a> stationed in East Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazer1993_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazer1993-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her years at Cornell, Jemison continued to study dance by enrolling in classes at the <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating with an <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">M.D.</a> degree in 1981, she interned at <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County-USC_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center">Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center</a> in 1982, and worked as a general practitioner for <a href="/wiki/Ross%E2%80%93Loos_Medical_Group" title="Ross–Loos Medical Group">Ross–Loos Medical Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hine_140–41_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hine_140–41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frazer1993_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazer1993-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jemison joined the staff of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a> in 1983 and served as a medical officer until 1985. She was responsible for the health of Peace Corps volunteers serving in <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whatwas_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whatwas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hine_140–41_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hine_140–41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison supervised the Peace Corps' pharmacy, laboratory, medical staff as well as providing medical care, writing self-care manuals, and developing and implementing guidelines for health and safety issues. She also worked with the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a> helping with research for various vaccines.<sup id="cite_ref-ThoughtCo_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThoughtCo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm/220px-seek%3D11-NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="61" data-mwtitle="NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm/NASA-Mae_Jemison-shortvideo.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Mae Jemison being fitted for a spacesuit and doing an experiment in space.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NASA_career">NASA career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae-jemison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mae-jemison.jpg/170px-Mae-jemison.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mae-jemison.jpg/255px-Mae-jemison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mae-jemison.jpg/340px-Mae-jemison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6401" data-file-height="9390" /></a><figcaption>Jemison at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> in 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon returning to the United States after serving in the Peace Corps, Jemison settled in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. In Los Angeles, she entered into private practice and took graduate-level engineering courses. Inspired by the flights of <a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guion_Bluford" title="Guion Bluford">Guion Bluford</a> in 1983, Jemison applied to the astronaut program in October 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Determined_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Determined-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After NASA postponed selection of new candidates after the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i> disaster</a> in 1986, Jemison reapplied in 1987. She was chosen out of roughly 2,000 applicants for 15 slots in <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">NASA Astronaut Group 12</a>, the first selected after <i>Challenger.<sup id="cite_ref-Bio_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> The <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> covered her as the "first black woman astronaut" in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> featured Jemison as one of the country's "most eligible singles" on <i>Best Catches</i>, a television special hosted by <a href="/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad" title="Phylicia Rashad">Phylicia Rashad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robb_Weller" title="Robb Weller">Robb Weller</a> in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jemison's work with NASA before her shuttle launch included launch support activities at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> in Florida and verification of Shuttle computer software in the <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Avionics_Integration_Laboratory" title="Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory">Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory</a> (SAIL).<sup id="cite_ref-nasabio_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasabio-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 28, 1989, she was selected to join the <a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a> crew as <a href="/wiki/Mission_Specialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Specialist">Mission Specialist</a> 4 and was also designated Science Mission Specialist, a new astronaut role being tested by NASA to focus on scientific experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="STS-47">STS-47</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Jemison_(29487037511).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mae_Jemison_%2829487037511%29.jpg/220px-Mae_Jemison_%2829487037511%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mae_Jemison_%2829487037511%29.jpg/330px-Mae_Jemison_%2829487037511%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mae_Jemison_%2829487037511%29.jpg/440px-Mae_Jemison_%2829487037511%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4117" data-file-height="2764" /></a><figcaption>Jemison during Space Shuttle mission STS-47</figcaption></figure> <p>Jemison flew her only space mission from September 12 to 20, 1992, as one of the seven-member crew aboard Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Determined_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Determined-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on mission STS-47, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan, as well as the 50th shuttle mission.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space and orbited the earth 127 times.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crew was split into two shifts with Jemison assigned to the Blue Shift. Throughout the eight-day mission, she began communications on her shift with the salute "Hailing frequencies open", a quote from <i>Star Trek</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison took a poster from the <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater</a> along with her on the flight.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also took a West African statuette<sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a photo of pioneering aviator <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a>, the first African American with an international <a href="/wiki/Pilot_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot license">pilot license</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>STS-47 carried the <a href="/wiki/Spacelab" title="Spacelab">Spacelab</a> Japan module, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan that included 43 Japanese and United States life science and materials processing experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison and Japanese astronaut <a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Mohri" title="Mamoru Mohri">Mamoru Mohri</a> were trained to use the Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE),<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a technique developed by <a href="/wiki/Patricia_S._Cowings" title="Patricia S. Cowings">Patricia S. Cowings</a> that uses <a href="/wiki/Biofeedback" title="Biofeedback">biofeedback</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autogenic_training" title="Autogenic training">autogenic training</a> to help patients monitor and control their physiology as a possible treatment for <a href="/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness">motion sickness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stress-related_disorders" title="Stress-related disorders">stress-related disorders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Jemison_-_Flickr_-_NASA_on_The_Commons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mae_Jemison_-_Flickr_-_NASA_on_The_Commons.jpg/220px-Mae_Jemison_-_Flickr_-_NASA_on_The_Commons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mae_Jemison_-_Flickr_-_NASA_on_The_Commons.jpg/330px-Mae_Jemison_-_Flickr_-_NASA_on_The_Commons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mae_Jemison_-_Flickr_-_NASA_on_The_Commons.jpg/440px-Mae_Jemison_-_Flickr_-_NASA_on_The_Commons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>Jemison aboard the Spacelab Japan module on <i>Endeavour</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Aboard the Spacelab Japan module, Jemison tested NASA's Fluid Therapy System, a set of procedures and equipment to produce <a href="/wiki/Water_for_injection" title="Water for injection">water for injection</a>, developed by Sterimatics Corporation. She then used <a href="/wiki/IV_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="IV bag">IV bags</a> and a mixing method, developed by <a href="/wiki/Baxter_International" title="Baxter International">Baxter Healthcare</a>, to use the water from the previous step to produce <a href="/wiki/Saline_(medicine)" title="Saline (medicine)">saline solution</a> in space.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison was also a co-investigator of two <a href="/wiki/Bone_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone cell">bone cell</a> research experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-ThoughtCo_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThoughtCo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another experiment she participated in was to induce female frogs to ovulate, fertilize the eggs, and then see how <a href="/wiki/Tadpole" title="Tadpole">tadpoles</a> developed in zero gravity.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation_from_NASA">Resignation from NASA</h3></div> <p>Jemison resigned from NASA in March 1993 to start a company.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whatwas_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whatwas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA training manager and author <a href="/wiki/Homer_Hickam" title="Homer Hickam">Homer Hickam</a>, who had trained Jemison for her flight, later expressed some regret that she had departed.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-NASA_career">Post-NASA career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Jemison_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mae_Jemison_2013.jpg/170px-Mae_Jemison_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mae_Jemison_2013.jpg/255px-Mae_Jemison_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mae_Jemison_2013.jpg/340px-Mae_Jemison_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1563" /></a><figcaption>Jemison in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Jemison served on the board of directors of the World Sickle Cell Foundation from 1990 to 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-MAKERS_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAKERS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, she founded The Jemison Group Inc., a consulting firm which considers the <a href="/wiki/Sociocultural_perspective" title="Sociocultural perspective">sociocultural</a> impact of technological advancements and design.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison also founded the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence and named the foundation in honor of her mother.<sup id="cite_ref-Excellence_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Excellence-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the projects of the foundation is <i>The Earth We Share</i>, a science camp for students aged 12 to 16. Founded in 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-Bayer_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayer-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> camps have been held at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_School_of_Mines" title="Colorado School of Mines">Colorado School of Mines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choate_Rosemary_Hall" title="Choate Rosemary Hall">Choate Rosemary Hall</a> and other sites in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-Excellence_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Excellence-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as internationally in South Africa, Tunisia, and Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dorothy Jemison Foundation also sponsors other events and programs, including the Shaping the World essay competition, Listening to the Future (a survey program that targets obtaining opinions from students), Earth Online (an online chatroom that allows students to safely communicate and discuss ideas on space and science), and the Reality Leads Fantasy Gala.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jemison was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_studies" title="Environmental studies">environmental studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> from 1995 to 2002 where she directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Bayer_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayer-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, she also became an <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dickson_White" title="Andrew Dickson White">Andrew D. White</a> Professor-at-Large at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bayer_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayer-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison continues to advocate strongly in favor of science education and getting minority students interested in science.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is a member of various scientific organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Space_Explorers" title="Association of Space Explorers">Association of Space Explorers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasabio_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasabio-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and obtained the license to commercialize AFTE, the technique she and Mohri tested on themselves during STS-47.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Jemison made the winning bid for the DARPA <a href="/wiki/100_Year_Starship" title="100 Year Starship">100 Year Starship</a> project through the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence was awarded a $500,000 grant for further work. The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, she collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Bayer_Crop_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayer Crop Science">Bayer Crop Science</a> and <a href="/wiki/4-H" title="4-H">National 4-H Council</a> for the initiative named Science Matters which was aimed at encouraging young children to understand and pursue <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_science" title="Agricultural science">agricultural sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2></div> <p>Jemison's first book, <i>Find Where the Wind Goes</i> (2001), is a <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a> of her life written for children.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She describes her childhood, her time at Stanford, in the Peace Corps and as an astronaut.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/School_Library_Journal" title="School Library Journal">School Library Journal</a></i> found the stories about her earlier life to be the most appealing.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Book Report</i> found that the autobiography gave a realistic view into her interactions with her professors, whose treatment of her was not based on her intelligence but on <a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">stereotypes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Woman_of_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman of color">woman of color</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her <i>A True Book</i> series of four children's books published in 2013 is co-authored with Dana Meachen Rau.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each book in the series has a "Find the Truth" challenge, true or false questions answers to which are revealed at the end of the story.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>School Library Journal</i> found the series to be "properly tantalizing surveys" of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> but criticized the inclusion of a few outdated theories in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_profile">Public profile</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Jemison_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mae_Jemison_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/220px-Mae_Jemison_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mae_Jemison_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/330px-Mae_Jemison_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mae_Jemison_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/440px-Mae_Jemison_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1299" /></a><figcaption>Jemison at a symposium in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/LeVar_Burton" title="LeVar Burton">LeVar Burton</a> learned that Jemison was an avid <i>Star Trek</i> fan and asked her if she would be interested in being on the show. In 1993, Jemison appeared as Lieutenant Palmer in "<a href="/wiki/Second_Chances_(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="Second Chances (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">Second Chances</a>", an episode of the science fiction television series <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i>, becoming the first real-life astronaut to appear on <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1999 to 2005, Jemison was appointed an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jemison is an active public speaker who appears before private and public groups promoting science and technology. "Having been an astronaut gives me a platform," says Jemison, "but I'd blow it if I just talked about the Shuttle." Jemison uses her platform to speak out on the gap in the quality of health-care between the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a>, saying that "Martin Luther King [Jr.]<span class="nowrap"> </span>... didn't just have a dream, he got things done."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison has also appeared as host and technical consultant of the science series <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_of_Wonder_(TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World of Wonder (TV series) (page does not exist)">World of Wonder</a></i> which aired on the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a> from 1994 to 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Jemison participated in <i><a href="/wiki/African_American_Lives" title="African American Lives">African American Lives</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> television miniseries hosted by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_Jr." title="Henry Louis Gates Jr.">Henry Louis Gates Jr.</a>, that traces the family history of eight famous African Americans using historical research and genetic techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-Genetic_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetic-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison found to her surprise that she is 13% <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> in her genetic makeup.<sup id="cite_ref-Genetic_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetic-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also learned that some of her paternal ancestors were slaves at a plantation in <a href="/wiki/Talladega_County,_Alabama" title="Talladega County, Alabama">Talladega County</a>, Alabama.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jemison participated in the Red Dress Heart Truth fashion show, wearing <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Devon" title="Lyn Devon">Lyn Devon</a>, during the 2007 <a href="/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week" title="New York Fashion Week">New York Fashion Week</a> to help raise money to fight heart disease.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May of the same year, she was the graduation commencement speaker and only the 11th person in the 52-year history of <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mudd_College" title="Harvey Mudd College">Harvey Mudd College</a> to be awarded an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Engineering" title="Doctor of Engineering">D.Eng.</a> degree.<sup id="cite_ref-Harvey_Mudd_College_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvey_Mudd_College-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 17, 2008, Jemison was the featured speaker for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a>, the first sorority established by African-American college women. Jemison paid tribute to Alpha Kappa Alpha by carrying the sorority's banner with her on her shuttle flight. Her space suit is a part of the sorority's national traveling Centennial Exhibit. Jemison is an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jemison participated with First Lady <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> in a forum for promising girls in the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> public schools in March 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Jemison also appeared at <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a> for their annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Tribute Luncheon.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, she partnered with <a href="/wiki/Bayer_Corporation" title="Bayer Corporation">Bayer Corporation</a> to promote and advance science literacy in schools, emphasizing hands-on experimentation.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She took part in the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a>'s lecture series, "Slavery to Freedom: An American Odyssey", in February 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2017, Jemison gave the commencement speech at <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She discussed the 100 Year Plan, science and education and other topics at <a href="/wiki/Western_Michigan_University" title="Western Michigan University">Western Michigan University</a> also in May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/LEGO" class="mw-redirect" title="LEGO">LEGO</a> released the "Women of NASA" set, with <a href="/wiki/Lego_minifigure" title="Lego minifigure">minifigures</a> of Jemison, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hamilton_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Hamilton (scientist)">Margaret Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy Grace Roman">Nancy Grace Roman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a> on March 8, 2019 (<a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a>) featured a quote from Jemison: "Never be limited by other people's limited imaginations."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <p>Jemison built a dance studio in her home and has choreographed and produced several shows of modern jazz and African dance.<sup id="cite_ref-Determined_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Determined-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whatwas_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whatwas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest. She was pulled over by <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Bay,_Texas" title="Nassau Bay, Texas">Nassau Bay</a> police officer Henry Hughes for allegedly making an illegal <a href="/wiki/U-turn" title="U-turn">U-turn</a> and arrested after Hughes learned of an outstanding warrant on Jemison for a <a href="/wiki/Traffic_ticket" title="Traffic ticket">speeding ticket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the process of arresting her, the officer twisted her wrist and forced her to the ground, as well as having her walk barefooted from the patrol car into the police station.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her complaint, Jemison said the officer physically and emotionally mistreated her.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemison's attorney said she believed she had already paid the speeding ticket years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She spent several hours in jail and was treated at an area hospital after release for deep bruises and a head injury.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nassau Bay officer was suspended with pay pending an investigation,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the police investigation cleared him of wrongdoing.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She filed a lawsuit against the city of Nassau Bay and the officer.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamps_of_Azerbaijan,_1995-307.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Stamps_of_Azerbaijan%2C_1995-307.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>Jemison on 1996 <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azeri</a> postage stamp</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1988 <i><a href="/wiki/Essence_(magazine)" title="Essence (magazine)">Essence</a></i> Science and Technology Award<sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Gamma_Sigma_Sigma" title="Gamma Sigma Sigma">Gamma Sigma Sigma</a> Woman of the Year<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991 <i>McCall's</i> 10 Outstanding Women for the 90s<sup id="cite_ref-:1_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992 <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Publishing_Company" title="Johnson Publishing Company">Johnson Publications</a> Black Achievement Trailblazers Award<sup id="cite_ref-:1_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992 <i><a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a></i> Black Achievement Award<sup id="cite_ref-Bio_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1993 <i>Ebony</i> magazine 50 Most Influential women<sup id="cite_ref-:1_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1993 Kilby Science Award<sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1993 Montgomery Fellow, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1993 <i><a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a></i> magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World"<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1993 Turner Trumpet Award<sup id="cite_ref-:1_88-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002 listed among the <a href="/wiki/100_Greatest_African_Americans" title="100 Greatest African Americans">100 Greatest African Americans</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Molefi_Kete_Asante" title="Molefi Kete Asante">Molefi Kete Asante</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Texas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Texas Women's Hall of Fame">Texas Women's Hall of Fame</a> inductee<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003 Intrepid Award by the National Organization for Girls<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/List_of_inductees_in_the_International_Space_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of inductees in the International Space Hall of Fame">International Space Hall of Fame</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 The National Audubon Society, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson_Award" title="Rachel Carson Award">Rachel Carson Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> Space Pioneer Award<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Florida_Southern_College" title="Florida Southern College">Florida Southern College</a> Honorary Chancellor<sup id="cite_ref-Jemison_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jemison-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer_Award" title="Sylvanus Thayer Award">Sylvanus Thayer Award</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutions">Institutions</h3></div> <ul><li>1992 Mae C. Jemison Science and Space Museum, <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Wright_College" title="Wilbur Wright College">Wilbur Wright College</a>, Chicago, Illinois<sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992 Mae C. Jemison Academy, an alternative public school in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a><sup id="cite_ref-:9_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 Mae Jemison School, an elementary public school in <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Crest,_Illinois" title="Hazel Crest, Illinois">Hazel Crest, Illinois</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy, a public charter school in Baltimore, Maryland<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (closed in 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Bluford_Drew_Jemison_STEM_Academy_West" title="Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West">Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West</a>, a Middle/High School in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Jemison_High_School_(Huntsville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jemison High School (Huntsville)">Jemison High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_doctorates">Honorary doctorates</h3></div> <ul><li>1991 Doctor of Letters, <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem_State_University" title="Winston-Salem State University">Winston-Salem College</a>, North Carolina<sup id="cite_ref-nasabio_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasabio-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991 Doctor of Science, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_University_(Pennsylvania)" title="Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)">Lincoln College</a>, Pennsylvania<sup id="cite_ref-nasabio_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasabio-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000 Doctor of Humanities, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 Doctor of Science, <a href="/wiki/Warren_Wilson_College" title="Warren Wilson College">Wilson College</a>, North Carolina<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006 Doctor of Science, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 Doctor of Engineering, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mudd_College" title="Harvey Mudd College">Harvey Mudd College</a><sup id="cite_ref-Harvey_Mudd_College_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvey_Mudd_College-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 Doctor of Engineering, <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 Doctor of Humanities, <a href="/wiki/DePaul_University" title="DePaul University">DePaul University</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 Doctor of Engineering, <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_Institute_of_NYU" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytechnic Institute of NYU">Polytechnic Institute of NYU</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Southern_College" title="Florida Southern College">Florida Southern College</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jemison_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jemison-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2020 Doctor Honoris Causa, <a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">KU Leuven</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2022 Doctor of Science, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2022 Doctor of Science, <a href="/wiki/Clarkson_University" title="Clarkson University">Clarkson University</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2023 Doctor of Engineering, <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i> (1993) – Lieutenant Palmer, episode "<a href="/wiki/Second_Chances_(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="Second Chances (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">Second Chances</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-:3_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a> Slept Here</i> (1995) – herself<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Star Trek: 30 Years and Beyond</i> (1996) – herself<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The New Explorers</i> (1998) – episode "Endeavor"<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_William_Shatner_Changed_the_World" title="How William Shatner Changed the World">How William Shatner Changed the World</a></i> (2005) – herself<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/African_American_Lives" title="African American Lives">African American Lives</a></i> (2006) – herself<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>No Gravity</i> (2011) – herself<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Real (TV series)">The Real</a></i> (2016) – herself<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moon_Girl_and_Devil_Dinosaur" title="Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur">Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur</a></i> (2023) – Skipster (voice), episode "Skip Ad...olescense"<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJemison2001" class="citation book cs1">Jemison, Mae (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/findingwherewind00jemi"><i>Find where the wind goes: moments from my life</i></a></span>. New York: Scholastic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-439-13196-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-439-13196-4"><bdi>978-0-439-13196-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44548911">44548911</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Find+where+the+wind+goes%3A+moments+from+my+life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scholastic&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44548911&rft.isbn=978-0-439-13196-4&rft.aulast=Jemison&rft.aufirst=Mae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffindingwherewind00jemi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJemison2001" class="citation book cs1">Jemison, Mae (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED464816"><i>S.E.E.ing the Future: Science, Engineering and Education</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ERIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ERIC">ERIC</a> ED464816.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S.E.E.ing+the+Future%3A+Science%2C+Engineering+and+Education&rft.place=Hanover%2C+NH&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Dartmouth+College&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Jemison&rft.aufirst=Mae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feric.ed.gov%2FERICWebPortal%2Fcontentdelivery%2Fservlet%2FERICServlet%3Faccno%3DED464816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>She contributed the piece "Outer Space: The Worldly Frontier" to the 2003 anthology <i><a href="/wiki/Sisterhood_Is_Forever:_The_Women%27s_Anthology_for_a_New_Millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium">Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Robin Morgan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJemisonRau2013" class="citation book cs1">Jemison, Mae; Rau, Dana Meachen (2013). <i>Journey Through Our Solar System (True Books: Dr. Mae Jemison and 100 Year Starship)</i>. Scholastic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-531-24061-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-531-24061-8"><bdi>978-0-531-24061-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journey+Through+Our+Solar+System+%28True+Books%3A+Dr.+Mae+Jemison+and+100+Year+Starship%29&rft.pub=Scholastic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-531-24061-8&rft.aulast=Jemison&rft.aufirst=Mae&rft.au=Rau%2C+Dana+Meachen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJemisonRau2013" class="citation book cs1">Jemison, Mae; Rau, Dana Meachen (2013). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveringnewpl0000jemi"><i>Discovering New Planets (True Books: Dr. Mae Jemison and 100 Year Starship)</i></a></span>. Scholastic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-531-24063-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-531-24063-2"><bdi>978-0-531-24063-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+New+Planets+%28True+Books%3A+Dr.+Mae+Jemison+and+100+Year+Starship%29&rft.pub=Scholastic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-531-24063-2&rft.aulast=Jemison&rft.aufirst=Mae&rft.au=Rau%2C+Dana+Meachen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveringnewpl0000jemi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJemisonRau2013" class="citation book cs1">Jemison, Mae; Rau, Dana Meachen (2013). <i>Exploring Our Sun (True Books: Dr. Mae Jemison and 100 Year Starship)</i>. Scholastic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-531-24062-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-531-24062-5"><bdi>978-0-531-24062-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+Our+Sun+%28True+Books%3A+Dr.+Mae+Jemison+and+100+Year+Starship%29&rft.pub=Scholastic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-531-24062-5&rft.aulast=Jemison&rft.aufirst=Mae&rft.au=Rau%2C+Dana+Meachen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJemisonRau2013" class="citation book cs1">Jemison, Mae; Rau, Dana Meachen (2013). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/astronaut0000jemi"><i>The 100 Year Starship (True Books: Dr. Mae Jemison and 100 Year Starship)</i></a></span>. Scholastic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-531-24060-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-531-24060-1"><bdi>978-0-531-24060-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100+Year+Starship+%28True+Books%3A+Dr.+Mae+Jemison+and+100+Year+Starship%29&rft.pub=Scholastic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-531-24060-1&rft.aulast=Jemison&rft.aufirst=Mae&rft.au=Rau%2C+Dana+Meachen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fastronaut0000jemi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_astronauts" title="List of African-American astronauts">List of African-American astronauts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hine_140–41-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hine_140–41_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hine_140–41_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hine_140–41_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hine_140–41_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHine2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Darlene_Clark_Hine" title="Darlene Clark Hine">Hine, Darlene Clark</a>, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G30bAQAAMAAJ"><i>Black Women in America</i></a>. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 140–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195156775" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195156775"><bdi>978-0195156775</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57506600">57506600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Women+in+America&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=140-41&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57506600&rft.isbn=978-0195156775&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG30bAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavallaro2017" class="citation book cs1">Cavallaro, Umberto (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VCNBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA146"><i>Women Spacefarers: Sixty Different Paths to Space</i></a>. Springer. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-34048-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-34048-7"><bdi>978-3-319-34048-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Spacefarers%3A+Sixty+Different+Paths+to+Space&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-34048-7&rft.aulast=Cavallaro&rft.aufirst=Umberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVCNBDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2014" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Karen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MWaeAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA113"><i>Women in Space: 23 Stories of First Flights, Scientific Missions, and Gravity-Breaking Adventures</i></a>. Chicago Review Press. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61374-847-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61374-847-3"><bdi>978-1-61374-847-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Space%3A+23+Stories+of+First+Flights%2C+Scientific+Missions%2C+and+Gravity-Breaking+Adventures&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61374-847-3&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWaeAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Determined-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Determined_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Determined_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Determined_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Determined_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeary1992" class="citation news cs1">Leary, Warren (September 13, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/13/us/woman-in-the-news-a-determined-breaker-of-boundaries-mae-carol-jemison.html">"Woman in the News; A Determined Breaker of Boundaries – Mae Carol Jemison"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327162141/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/13/us/woman-in-the-news-a-determined-breaker-of-boundaries-mae-carol-jemison.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Woman+in+the+News%3B+A+Determined+Breaker+of+Boundaries+%E2%80%93+Mae+Carol+Jemison&rft.date=1992-09-13&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F09%2F13%2Fus%2Fwoman-in-the-news-a-determined-breaker-of-boundaries-mae-carol-jemison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeise1993" class="citation news cs1">Heise, Kenan (November 3, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-11-03-9311030235-story.html">"Author Dorothy Jemison, 64, Mother of Astronaut"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Author+Dorothy+Jemison%2C+64%2C+Mother+of+Astronaut&rft.date=1993-11-03&rft.aulast=Heise&rft.aufirst=Kenan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1993-11-03-9311030235-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/aalives/2006/profile_jemison.html">"African American Lives . Profiles . Mae Jemison"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a></i>. PBS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WNET&rft.atitle=African+American+Lives+.+Profiles+.+Mae+Jemison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thirteen.org%2Fwnet%2Faalives%2F2006%2Fprofile_jemison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MAKERS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MAKERS_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MAKERS_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MAKERS_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.makers.com/mae-jemison">"Mae Jemison: First African-American Woman in Space"</a>. <i>Makers.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>/<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. c. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302030010/http://www.makers.com/mae-jemison">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Makers.com&rft.atitle=Mae+Jemison%3A+First+African-American+Woman+in+Space&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.makers.com%2Fmae-jemison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanfordtoday-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanfordtoday_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz1996" class="citation web cs1">Katz, Jesse (July–August 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/stanfordtoday/ed/9607/pdf/ST9607mjemison.pdf">"Shooting Star: Former Astronaut Mae Jemison Brings her Message Down to Earth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Stanford Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628202636/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/stanfordtoday/ed/9607/pdf/ST9607mjemison.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Today&rft.atitle=Shooting+Star%3A+Former+Astronaut+Mae+Jemison+Brings+her+Message+Down+to+Earth&rft.date=1996-07%2F1996-08&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2Fdept%2Fnews%2Fstanfordtoday%2Fed%2F9607%2Fpdf%2FST9607mjemison.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEschner2017" class="citation web cs1">Eschner, Kat (October 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/groundbreaking-astronaut-and-star-trek-fan-now-working-interstellar-travel-180965277/">"This Groundbreaking Astronaut and Star Trek Fan Is Now Working on Interstellar Travel"</a>. <i>Smithsonian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=This+Groundbreaking+Astronaut+and+Star+Trek+Fan+Is+Now+Working+on+Interstellar+Travel&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft.aulast=Eschner&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Fgroundbreaking-astronaut-and-star-trek-fan-now-working-interstellar-travel-180965277%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2013" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, Camille (October 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.duke.edu/2013/10/maejemison">"The Legacy of Lt. Uhura: Astronaut Mae Jemison on Race in Space"</a>. <i>today.duke.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=today.duke.edu&rft.atitle=The+Legacy+of+Lt.+Uhura%3A+Astronaut+Mae+Jemison+on+Race+in+Space&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Camille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.duke.edu%2F2013%2F10%2Fmaejemison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bio-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bio_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bio_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bio_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bio_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/astronaut/mae-c-jemison">"Mae C. Jemison"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biography_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Biography (TV series)">Biography</a>.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526175628/http://www.biography.com/people/mae-c-jemison-9542378">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Mae+C.+Jemison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fastronaut%2Fmae-c-jemison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ebony-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ebony_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebony_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaynes1992" class="citation news cs1">Haynes, Karima A. (December 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DtQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA118">"Mae Jemison: coming in from outer space"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a></i>. pp. 118, 120, 124. <q>Perhaps the most moving tribute came during a homecoming rally at Morgan Park High School, where Jemison graduated in 1973.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=Mae+Jemison%3A+coming+in+from+outer+space&rft.pages=118%2C+120%2C+124&rft.date=1992-12&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=Karima+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDtQDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronicle-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrozan1992" class="citation news cs1">Brozan, Nadine (September 16, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/16/style/chronicle-917092.html">"Chronicle: A memento of the Alvin Ailey dance company goes into space"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327161624/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/16/style/chronicle-917092.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chronicle%3A+A+memento+of+the+Alvin+Ailey+dance+company+goes+into+space&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1992-09-16&rft.aulast=Brozan&rft.aufirst=Nadine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F09%2F16%2Fstyle%2Fchronicle-917092.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaum2006" class="citation book cs1">Raum, Elizabeth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1DN7SDdEkqIC&pg=PA10"><i>Mae Jemison</i></a>. Heinemann-Raintree Library. pp. 8–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4034-6942-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4034-6942-7"><bdi>978-1-4034-6942-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mae+Jemison&rft.pages=8-11&rft.pub=Heinemann-Raintree+Library&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4034-6942-7&rft.aulast=Raum&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1DN7SDdEkqIC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teacher.scholastic.com/space/mae_jemison/interview.htm">"Interview with Mae"</a>. <i>Scholastic</i>. March 15, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822122601/http://teacher.scholastic.com/space/mae_jemison/interview.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scholastic&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Mae&rft.date=2001-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteacher.scholastic.com%2Fspace%2Fmae_jemison%2Finterview.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2003" class="citation web cs1">Barrett, Michelle (March 17, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20030317/flair/flair1.html">"Earth lover, space voyager Dr. Mae Jemison"</a>. <i>Jamaica Gleaner</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914034519/http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20030317/flair/flair1.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jamaica+Gleaner&rft.atitle=Earth+lover%2C+space+voyager+Dr.+Mae+Jemison&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.jamaica-gleaner.com%2Fgleaner%2F20030317%2Fflair%2Fflair1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinnerty2000" class="citation web cs1">Finnerty, Amy (July 16, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B02EEDE1038F935A25754C0A9669C8B63">"Outnumbered: Standing Out at Work"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090204094349/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B02EEDE1038F935A25754C0A9669C8B63">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Outnumbered%3A+Standing+Out+at+Work&rft.date=2000-07-16&rft.aulast=Finnerty&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B02EEDE1038F935A25754C0A9669C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Desmoines-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Desmoines_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Desmoines_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChallender2008" class="citation news cs1">Challender, Mary (October 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/clip/31421095/1e/">"First black woman astronaut tells insight"</a>. <i>Des Moines Register</i>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31421095/1e/">1E</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31421197/2e/">2E</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=First+black+woman+astronaut+tells+insight&rft.pages=1E-2E&rft.date=2008-10-16&rft.aulast=Challender&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F31421095%2F1e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13709861/the_times/">"Stanford Original By Blacks"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. May 21, 1977. p. 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055952/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13709861/the_times/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2017</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Stanford+Original+By+Blacks&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1977-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F13709861%2Fthe_times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whatwas-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whatwas_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whatwas_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whatwas_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whatwas_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJemisonOlsen2003" class="citation web cs1">Jemison, Mae C.; Olsen, Patricia R. (February 2, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/02/business/executive-life-the-boss-what-was-space-like.html">"Executive Life: The Boss; 'What was Space Like?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327172511/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/02/business/executive-life-the-boss-what-was-space-like.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Executive+Life%3A+The+Boss%3B+%27What+was+Space+Like%3F%27&rft.date=2003-02-02&rft.aulast=Jemison&rft.aufirst=Mae+C.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Patricia+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F02%2F02%2Fbusiness%2Fexecutive-life-the-boss-what-was-space-like.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frazer1993-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frazer1993_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frazer1993_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frazer1993_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frazer1993_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazerJemison1993" class="citation journal cs1">Frazer, Jendayi; Jemison, Mae C. (1993). "Advancing African Health Care through Space Technology: An Interview with Dr. Mae C. Jemison". <i>Africa Today</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 70–71. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-9887">0001-9887</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4186922">4186922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africa+Today&rft.atitle=Advancing+African+Health+Care+through+Space+Technology%3A+An+Interview+with+Dr.+Mae+C.+Jemison&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=70-71&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4186922%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0001-9887&rft.aulast=Frazer&rft.aufirst=Jendayi&rft.au=Jemison%2C+Mae+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreasman1997" class="citation journal cs1">Creasman, Kim (1997). "Black Birds in the Sky: The Legacies of Bessie Coleman and Dr. Mae Jemison". <i>The Journal of Negro History</i>. <b>82</b> (1): 160. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2717501">10.2307/2717501</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2992">0022-2992</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2717501">2717501</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:141029557">141029557</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Negro+History&rft.atitle=Black+Birds+in+the+Sky%3A+The+Legacies+of+Bessie+Coleman+and+Dr.+Mae+Jemison&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=160&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0022-2992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A141029557%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2717501%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2717501&rft.aulast=Creasman&rft.aufirst=Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBest2013" class="citation book cs1">Best, Leslie K. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QYRvHxOmVocC&pg=PA52"><i>A Heritage of Black Excellence in Chicago</i></a>. Becslie Publisher. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9745595-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9745595-2-0"><bdi>978-0-9745595-2-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Heritage+of+Black+Excellence+in+Chicago&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Becslie+Publisher&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-9745595-2-0&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=Leslie+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQYRvHxOmVocC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThoughtCo-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ThoughtCo_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ThoughtCo_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene1956" class="citation web cs1">Greene, Nick (October 17, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/mae-c-jemison-3071170">"Dr. Mae C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=Dr.+Mae+C.+Jemison%3A+Astronaut+and+Visionary&rft.date=1956-10-17&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fmae-c-jemison-3071170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31957086/">"Astronaut Stresses Establishing Goals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Longview_News-Journal" title="Longview News-Journal">Longview News-Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 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September 2001 – via EBSCOhost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Book+Report&rft.atitle=Find+Where+the+Wind+Goes+%28Book+Review%29.&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=70&rft.date=2001-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dbth%26AN%3D5158714%26site%3Dehost-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLigamari2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ligamari, Joanne (November 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=91688022&site=ehost-live">"A True Book – Dr. Mae Jemison and 100 Year Starship"</a></span>. <i>Library Media Connection</i>. <b>32</b> (3): 93 – via EBSCOhost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Media+Connection&rft.atitle=A+True+Book+%E2%80%93+Dr.+Mae+Jemison+and+100+Year+Starship&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=93&rft.date=2013-11&rft.aulast=Ligamari&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dbth%26AN%3D91688022%26site%3Dehost-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2013" class="citation journal cs1">Peters, John (April 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=86693958&site=ehost-live">"Discovering New Planets/Exploring Our Sun/Journey Through Our Solar System/The 100 Year Starship"</a></span>. <i>School Library Journal</i>. <b>59</b> (4): 98 – via EBSCOhost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=School+Library+Journal&rft.atitle=Discovering+New+Planets%2FExploring+Our+Sun%2FJourney+Through+Our+Solar+System%2FThe+100+Year+Starship&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=98&rft.date=2013-04&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Df6h%26AN%3D86693958%26site%3Dehost-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/467/2026453.html">"Mae Jemison had cameo in Star Trek: The Next Generation"</a>. <i>Peace Corps Online</i>. January 5, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180907220641/http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/467/2026453.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peace+Corps+Online&rft.atitle=Mae+Jemison+had+cameo+in+Star+Trek%3A+The+Next+Generation&rft.date=2005-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeacecorpsonline.org%2Fmessages%2Fmessages%2F467%2F2026453.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110901194210/http://vrrrm.com/tv/Space/05/mj050105.php">"Transcript and images from HypaSpace featuring Dr. Mae C. Jemison"</a>. <i>Vrrrm.com</i>. January 5, 2005. 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White Professors-at-Large"</a>. <i>Program for Andrew D. White Professors-at-Large</i>. 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Program+for+Andrew+D.+White+Professors-at-Large&rft.atitle=Andrew+D.+White+Professors-at-Large&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadwhiteprofessors.cornell.edu%2Fall-professors-at-large-1965-to-june-30-20222%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physorg.com/news9939.html">"Astronaut Mae Jemison moves to new career"</a>. <i>Phys.org</i>. January 17, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916125405/http://www.physorg.com/news9939.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phys.org&rft.atitle=Astronaut+Mae+Jemison+moves+to+new+career&rft.date=2006-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physorg.com%2Fnews9939.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooksMarsh2009" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. 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Random House. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-48320-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-48320-1"><bdi>978-0-307-48320-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Directory+to+Prime+Time+Network+and+Cable+TV+Shows%2C+1946%E2%80%93Present&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-307-48320-1&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Marsh%2C+Earle+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8KztFy6QYwC%26pg%3DPA363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUhlAlagna2019" class="citation book cs1">Uhl, Xina M.; Alagna, Magdalena (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dLPXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86"><i>Mae Jemison: First Female African American Astronaut</i></a>. Rosen Publishing. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7253-4049-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7253-4049-7"><bdi>978-1-7253-4049-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mae+Jemison%3A+First+Female+African+American+Astronaut&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-7253-4049-7&rft.aulast=Uhl&rft.aufirst=Xina+M.&rft.au=Alagna%2C+Magdalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdLPXDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genetic-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genetic_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genetic_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2006" class="citation news cs1">Ryan, Suzanne C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NNY360&rft.atitle=Mae+Jemison+awarded+Clarkson+University+honorary+degree&rft.date=2022-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nny360.com%2Fnews%2Fstlawrencecounty%2Fmae-jemison-awarded-clarkson-university-honorary-degree%2Farticle_c6d0e571-63c1-522a-bac5-449c02b7ec96.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucd.ie/confer/t4media/4%20September%202023%20at%2011.30%20am%20%20Programme.pdf">"University College Dublin Conferring Ceremony"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ucd.ie</i>. September 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ucd.ie&rft.atitle=University+College+Dublin+Conferring+Ceremony&rft.date=2023-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucd.ie%2Fconfer%2Ft4media%2F4%2520September%25202023%2520at%252011.30%2520am%2520%2520Programme.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://films.com/title/6017">"Susan B. Anthony Slept Here"</a>. <i>Films Media Group</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912101909/https://films.com/title/6017">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2017</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marshfield+News-Herald&rft.atitle=Star+Trek+Trip+Lasts+30+Years&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1996-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F13710094%2Fmarshfield_newsherald%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKogan1993" class="citation news cs1">Kogan, Rick (March 9, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/03/09/real-life-wiseguys/">"Real-life Wiseguys"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912012156/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-03-09/features/9303190278_1_crime-new-explorers-prison-term">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Real-life+Wiseguys&rft.date=1993-03-09&rft.aulast=Kogan&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1993%2F03%2F09%2Freal-life-wiseguys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011745/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-146025795.html">"We Owe It All to Captain Kirk"</a>. <i>Sunday Mercury</i>. May 21, 2006. 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PBS.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055222/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/2006/profile_jemison.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+American+Lives&rft.atitle=Mae+Jemison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Faalives%2F2006%2Fprofile_jemison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://1015productions.fr/en/portfolio_page/no-gravity/">"No Gravity"</a>. <i>10:15 Productions</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912012040/http://1015productions.fr/en/portfolio_page/no-gravity/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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July 20, 2016. p. D6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060017/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13708165/courierpost/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2017</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Courier-Post&rft.atitle=Talk+Shows&rft.pages=D6&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F13708165%2Fcourierpost%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dgepress.com/disneybrandedtelevision/pressrelease/march-2023-programming-highlights/">"Disney Channel March 2023 Highlights"</a>. <i>Disney ABC Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Disney+ABC+Press&rft.atitle=Disney+Channel+March+2023+Highlights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgepress.com%2Fdisneybrandedtelevision%2Fpressrelease%2Fmarch-2023-programming-highlights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2003" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Robin (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sisterhoodisfore00morg"><i>Library Resource Finder: Table of Contents for: Sisterhood is forever : the women's anth</i></a></span>. Washington Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743466271" title="Special:BookSources/978-0743466271"><bdi>978-0743466271</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+Resource+Finder%3A+Table+of+Contents+for%3A+Sisterhood+is+forever+%3A+the+women%27s+anth&rft.pub=Washington+Square+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0743466271&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsisterhoodisfore00morg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Jemison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Blue, Rose J. <i>Mae Jemison: Out of this World</i>, Millbrook Press, 2003 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7613-2570-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7613-2570-0">0-7613-2570-0</a></li> <li>Burby, Liza N. <i>Mae Jemison: The First African American Woman Astronaut</i>, The Rosen Publishing Group, 1997 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8239-5027-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8239-5027-1">0-8239-5027-1</a></li> <li>Canizares, Susan. <i>Voyage of Mae Jemison</i>, Sagebrush Education Resources, 1999 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-613-22577-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-613-22577-5">0-613-22577-5</a></li> <li>Ceaser, Ebraska D. <i>Mae C. Jemison: 1st Black Female Astronaut</i>, New Day Press, 1992.</li> <li>Polette, Nancy. <i>Mae Jemison</i>, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2003 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-516-27783-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-516-27783-9">0-516-27783-9</a></li> <li>Sakurai, Gail. <i>Mae Jemison: Space Scientist</i>, Scholastic Library Publishing, 1996 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-516-44194-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-516-44194-9">0-516-44194-9</a></li> <li>Yannuzzi, Della A. <i>Mae Jemison: A Space Biography</i>, Enslow Publishers, 1998 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89490-813-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89490-813-8">0-89490-813-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison" class="extiw" title="commons:Mae Jemison"><span style="font-style:italic; 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aria-labelledby="NASA_Astronaut_Group_12,_&quot;The_GAFFers&quot;,_1987_20px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Group 12"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Group 12"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA Astronaut Group 12"><abbr title="Edit 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href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_11" title="NASA Astronaut Group 11">NASA Astronaut Group 11</a> ← NASA Astronaut Group 12 → <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_13" title="NASA Astronaut Group 13">NASA Astronaut Group 13</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_M._Allen" title="Andrew M. Allen">Andrew M. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Bowersox" title="Ken Bowersox">Kenneth D. Bowersox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Brown" title="Curtis Brown">Curtis L. Brown Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_P._Chilton" title="Kevin P. Chilton">Kevin P. Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_R._McMonagle" title="Donald R. McMonagle">Donald R. McMonagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Readdy" title="William F. Readdy">William F. Readdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_S._Reightler_Jr." title="Kenneth S. Reightler Jr.">Kenneth S. Reightler Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mission specialists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Akers" title="Thomas Akers">Thomas D. Akers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Davis" title="Jan Davis">N. Jan Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foale" title="Michael Foale">C. Michael Foale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_J._Harbaugh" title="Gregory J. Harbaugh">Gregory J. Harbaugh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mae C. Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_E._Melnick" title="Bruce E. Melnick">Bruce E. Melnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Runco_Jr." title="Mario Runco Jr.">Mario Runco Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Voss" title="James S. Voss">James S. Voss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_NASA_Astronaut_Groups_*_NASA_Astronaut_Corps" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps#Selection_groups" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_3" title="NASA Astronaut Group 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_4" title="NASA Astronaut Group 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_5" title="NASA Astronaut Group 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_6" title="NASA Astronaut Group 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_7" title="NASA Astronaut Group 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_10" title="NASA Astronaut Group 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_11" title="NASA Astronaut Group 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_13" title="NASA Astronaut Group 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="NASA Astronaut Group 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_15" title="NASA Astronaut Group 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_16" title="NASA Astronaut Group 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_17" title="NASA Astronaut Group 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_18" title="NASA Astronaut Group 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_19" title="NASA Astronaut Group 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_20" title="NASA Astronaut Group 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_21" title="NASA Astronaut Group 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_23" title="NASA Astronaut Group 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_24" title="NASA Astronaut Group 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">List of astronauts by year of selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Astronaut ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_astronauts" title="List of United States Marine Corps astronauts">List of United States Marine Corps astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Space_Force_astronauts" title="List of United States Space Force astronauts">List of United States Space Force astronauts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Texas_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Texas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Texas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Texas_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Texas Women's Hall of Fame">Texas Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christia_Adair" title="Christia Adair">Christia Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Atkinson_Bell" title="Kate Atkinson Bell">Kate Atkinson Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Castleberry" title="Vivian Castleberry">Vivian Castleberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Cockrell" title="Lila Cockrell">Lila Cockrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotilde_P%C3%A9rez_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Clotilde Pérez García">Clotilde Pérez García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Porter_Hester" title="Jeane Porter Hester">Jeane Porter Hester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Blagg_Huey" title="Mary Blagg Huey">Mary Evelyn Blagg Huey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_T._Hughes" title="Sarah T. Hughes">Sarah T. Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Freeman_Lee" title="Amy Freeman Lee">Amy Freeman Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjy_Frances_Brooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjy Frances Brooks (page does not exist)">Benjy Frances Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Happ_Buffler" title="Patricia Happ Buffler">Patricia Happ Buffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Carpenter" title="Liz Carpenter">Liz Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Woodruff_Cartwright" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace Woodruff Cartwright">Grace Woodruff Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Farabee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Farabee (page does not exist)">Helen Farabee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Elena_Flood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Elena Flood (page does not exist)">Maria Elena Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Lee_Glass" title="Willie Lee Glass">Willie Lee Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Mendoza" title="Lydia Mendoza">Lydia Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Lind_Porter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Lind Porter (page does not exist)">Jenny Lind Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Raggio" title="Louise Raggio">Louise Raggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Richards" title="Ann Richards">Ann Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Gardner_Whyte" title="Edna Gardner Whyte">Edna Gardner Whyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Armstrong">Anne Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kay_Ash" title="Mary Kay Ash">Mary Kay Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro_Crawford_Brown" title="Caro Crawford Brown">Caro Crawford Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alicia_Chacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alicia Chacon (page does not exist)">Alicia Chacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Conradt" title="Jody Conradt">Jody Conradt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cousins_(editor)" title="Margaret Cousins (editor)">Margaret Cousins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Ruth_Delco" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelmina Ruth Delco">Wilhelmina Ruth Delco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Goff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frances Goff (page does not exist)">Frances Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lavinia_Griffith" title="Mary Lavinia Griffith">Mary Lavinia Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Owen" title="May Owen">May Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Simond" title="Ada Simond">Ada Simond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermine_Tobolowsky" title="Hermine Tobolowsky">Hermine Tobolowsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_G._Acosta" title="Lucy G. Acosta">Lucy G. Acosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Sharp_Altshuler" title="Ruth Sharp Altshuler">Ruth Sharp Altshuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Harris_Amsler" title="Margaret Harris Amsler">Margaret Harris Amsler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnnie_Benson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnnie Benson (page does not exist)">Johnnie Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommie_Clack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tommie Clack (page does not exist)">Tommie Clack</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Dawson_(talent_agent)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Dawson (talent agent) (page does not exist)">Kim Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Dunlap" title="Lillian Dunlap">Lillian Dunlap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elithe_Hamilton_Kirkland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elithe Hamilton Kirkland (page does not exist)">Elithe Hamilton Kirkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Lopiano" title="Donna Lopiano">Donna Lopiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Sherrod" title="Katie Sherrod">Katie Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donnya_Stephens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donnya Stephens (page does not exist)">Donnya Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Dougherty_Strother" title="Dora Dougherty Strother">Dora Dougherty Strother</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Nan_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Nan West (page does not exist)">Mary Nan West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Pease_Harper" title="Margaret Pease Harper">Margaret Pease Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninfa_Laurenzo" title="Ninfa Laurenzo">Ninfa Laurenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Murray" title="Lane Murray">Lane Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ritter" title="Louise Ritter">Louise Ritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Taubert_Seeger" title="Ruth Taubert Seeger">Ruth Taubert Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bert_Kruger_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bert Kruger Smith (page does not exist)">Bert Kruger Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Tinsley" title="Eleanor Tinsley">Eleanor Tinsley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Craven" title="Judith Craven">Judith Craven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gussie_Nell_Davis" title="Gussie Nell Davis">Gussie Nell Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Swan_Forbes" title="Margaret Swan Forbes">Margaret Swan Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Ruth_Guy" title="L. Ruth Guy">L. Ruth Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Hershey" title="Terry Hershey">Terry Hershey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Rede_Madrid" title="Lucia Rede Madrid">Lucia Rede Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Wetzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jane Wetzel (page does not exist)">Jane Wetzel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Louise_Craft" title="Linda Louise Craft">Linda Louise Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Glossbrenner" title="Ernestine Glossbrenner">Ernestine Glossbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Kirk_McDonald" title="Gabrielle Kirk McDonald">Gabrielle Kirk McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Montague" title="Eleanor Montague">Eleanor Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaronetta_Hamilton_Pierce" title="Aaronetta Hamilton Pierce">Aaronetta Hamilton Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_G._Rodriguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloria G. Rodriguez (page does not exist)">Gloria G. Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Strauss" title="Annette Strauss">Annette Strauss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Ramirez_Guerrero" title="Rosa Ramirez Guerrero">Rosa Ramirez Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Rangel_(Texas_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irma Rangel (Texas politician)">Irma Rangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Rogers" title="Mary Beth Rogers">Mary Beth Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Whitehead_Scott" title="Bess Whitehead Scott">Bess Whitehead Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallie_Stillwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallie Stillwell">Hallie Stillwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francie_Larrieu_Smith" title="Francie Larrieu Smith">Francie Larrieu Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvia_Wardlaw" title="Alvia Wardlaw">Alvia Wardlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Wong" title="Martha Wong">Martha Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Anne_Young" title="Eleanor Anne Young">Eleanor Anne Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebby_Halliday" title="Ebby Halliday">Ebby Halliday Acers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Crocker_Clements" title="Rita Crocker Clements">Rita Crocker Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina_Garrison" title="Zina Garrison">Zina Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybil_B._Harrington" title="Sybil B. Harrington">Sybil Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassar_Miller" title="Vassar Miller">Vassar Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Oujesky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Oujesky (page does not exist)">Helen Oujesky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Lee_Piester" title="Ruby Lee Piester">Ruby Lee Piester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Graves_Stai" title="Dian Graves Stai">Dian Graves Stai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Eva_Singletary" title="S. Eva Singletary">S. Eva Singletary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norma_Lea_Beasley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norma Lea Beasley (page does not exist)">Norma Lea Beasley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirley_Thompson_Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirley Thompson Carter (page does not exist)">Shirley Thompson Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Lyons_Ghrist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Lyons Ghrist (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Lyons Ghrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">Kay Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dixie_Melillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dixie Melillo (page does not exist)">Dixie Melillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Natalicio" title="Diana Natalicio">Diana Natalicio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Sharp" title="Marsha Sharp">Marsha Sharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tillie_Burgin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tillie Burgin (page does not exist)">Tillie Burgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Dinkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Carol Dinkins">Carol Dinkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Farias" title="Anna Maria Farias">Anna Maria Farias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliet_V._Garc%C3%ADa" title="Juliet V. García">Juliet V. García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenna_Goodacre" title="Glenna Goodacre">Glenna Goodacre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendy_Harpham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendy Harpham (page does not exist)">Wendy Harpham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinger_L._Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinger L. Heath (page does not exist)">Jinger L. Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dealey_Decherd_Herndon" title="Dealey Decherd Herndon">Dealey Herndon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamie_L._McKnight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamie L. McKnight (page does not exist)">Mamie L. McKnight</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo_Stewart_Randel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jo Stewart Randel (page does not exist)">Jo Stewart Randel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Rankin" title="Judy Rankin">Judy Rankin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Hughes" title="Karen Hughes">Karen Hughes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Murdaugh" title="Angela Murdaugh">Angela Murdaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Williams_(choreographer)" title="Ann Williams (choreographer)">Ann Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Combs" title="Susan Combs">Susan Combs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Mendenhall" title="Trinidad Mendenhall">Trinidad Mendenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Meyers_Rosenfield" title="Mary Meyers Rosenfield">Mary Meyers Rosenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Swoopes" title="Sheryl Swoopes">Sheryl Swoopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Dunbar" title="Amanda Dunbar">Amanda Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Foster_(Houston,_Texas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen Foster (Houston, Texas) (page does not exist)">Kathleen Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirley_Neeley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirley Neeley (page does not exist)">Shirley Neeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Vitetta" title="Ellen Vitetta">Ellen Vitetta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Murano" title="Elsa Murano">Elsa Murano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Peterson" title="Carolyn Peterson">Carolyn Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louise_Hopkins_Underwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louise Hopkins Underwood (page does not exist)">Louise Hopkins Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huda_Zoghbi" title="Huda Zoghbi">Huda Zoghbi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_W._Dickey" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy W. Dickey">Nancy W. Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erma_Johnson_Hadley" title="Erma Johnson Hadley">Erma Johnson Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Lozano_Long" title="Teresa Lozano Long">Teresa Lozano Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Castle_Scott" title="Judy Castle Scott">Judy Castle Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Willeford" title="Pamela Willeford">Pamela Willeford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Smith_Conrad" title="Barbara Smith Conrad">Barbara Smith Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Corn" title="Anne Corn">Anne Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Godiwalla" title="Nina Godiwalla">Nina Godiwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_O%27Neill" title="Harriet O'Neill">Harriet O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Saunders" title="Mary Saunders">Mary Saunders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nandita Berry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Herring" title="Joanne Herring">Joanne Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Olson" title="Kim Olson">Kim Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Thigpen_Perry" title="Anita Thigpen Perry">Anita Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Stuart" title="Ann Stuart">Ann Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senfronia_Thompson" title="Senfronia Thompson">Senfronia Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Tucker_(executive)" title="Deborah Tucker (executive)">Deborah Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Wright_(Chief_Justice)" title="Carolyn Wright (Chief Justice)">Carolyn Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Carter_Browning" title="Emma Carter Browning">Emma Carter Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_Hitchcock-Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susie Hitchcock-Hall (page does not exist)">Susie Hitchcock-Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Kerrick" title="Ginger Kerrick">Ginger Kerrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renu_Khator" title="Renu Khator">Renu Khator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Biles" title="Simone Biles">Simone Biles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikki_Carr" title="Vikki Carr">Vikki Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Dell" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan Dell">Susan Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammie_Jo_Shults" title="Tammie Jo Shults">Tammie Jo Shults</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Anne_Sueltenfuss" title="Elizabeth Anne Sueltenfuss">Elizabeth Anne Sueltenfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Zaffirini" title="Judith Zaffirini">Judith Zaffirini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Anderson_(dancer)" title="Lauren Anderson (dancer)">Lauren Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlye_O._Farris" title="Charlye O. Farris">Charlye O. Farris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dawn_Ferrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dawn Ferrell (page does not exist)">Dawn Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ofelia_Vasquez-Philo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ofelia Vasquez-Philo (page does not exist)">Ofelia Vasquez-Philo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendra_Scott" title="Kendra Scott">Kendra Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elaine_Stolte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elaine Stolte (page does not exist)">Elaine Stolte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leta_Andrews" title="Leta Andrews">Leta Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Horn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Horn (page does not exist)">Mary Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_LaMantia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val LaMantia (page does not exist)">Val LaMantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal_Lee" title="Opal Lee">Opal Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lavinia_Masters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lavinia Masters (page does not exist)">Lavinia Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonietta_Quigg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonietta Quigg (page does not exist)">Antonietta Quigg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Sharp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlotte Sharp (page does not exist)">Charlotte Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Suarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Suarez (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Suarez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34091#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34091#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34091#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000035517940">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/33699121">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/350438/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJycK4DfhxQhpRc8m43G73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95004729">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1602158143521">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810702377005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987008116376905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18702915?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6524n3s">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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