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id="toc-Celebrity_interviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celebrity_interviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Celebrity interviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celebrity_interviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Other media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publishing_and_writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing_and_writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Publishing and writing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishing_and_writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Online </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Homes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Homes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Romantic history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romantic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Close_friends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Close_friends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Close friends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Close_friends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Personal wealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Religious views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Influence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Influence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Rankings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Oprahfication"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Oprahfication""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 "Oprahfication" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Oprahfication"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Daytime_talk_show's_impact_on_LGBT_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daytime_talk_show's_impact_on_LGBT_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Daytime talk show's impact on LGBT people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daytime_talk_show's_impact_on_LGBT_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_Oprah_Effect"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Oprah_Effect""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 "The Oprah Effect" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Oprah_Effect"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiritual_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiritual_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Spiritual leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiritual_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fan_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fan_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Fan base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fan_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Philanthropy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oprah's_Angel_Network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oprah's_Angel_Network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7.1 Oprah's Angel Network </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oprah's_Angel_Network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7.2 South Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Filmography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Filmography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_actress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_actress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 As actress </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_actress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_herself" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_herself"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 As herself </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_herself-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_producer_only" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_producer_only"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 As producer only </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_producer_only-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards,_honors,_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards,_honors,_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Awards, honors, and recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards,_honors,_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oprah Winfrey</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" > 98 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="أوبرا وينفري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوبرا وينفري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opra_Uinfri" title="Opra Uinfri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Opra Uinfri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اپرا وینفری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اپرا وینفری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87" title="অপরাহ উইনফ্রে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপরাহ উইনফ্রে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Опра Уінфры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Опра Уінфры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Опра Уинфри – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Опра Уинфри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfreyov%C3%A1" title="Oprah Winfreyová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oprah Winfreyová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%8A" title="Όπρα Γουίνφρεϊ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όπρα Γουίνφρεϊ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اپرا وینفری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اپرا وینفری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC_%EC%9C%88%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC" title="오프라 윈프리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오프라 윈프리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%83%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%86%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Օփրա Ուինֆրի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օփրա Ուինֆրի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="ओपरा विनफ़्रे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओपरा विनफ़्रे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99" title="אופרה וינפרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אופרה וינפרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%93%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87" title="ಓಪ್ರಾ ವಿನ್ಫ್ರೇ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಓಪ್ರಾ ವಿನ್ಫ್ರೇ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ოპრა უინფრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოპრა უინფრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Опра Уинфри – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Опра Уинфри" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opra_Vinfrija" title="Opra Vinfrija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Opra Vinfrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="ओपरा विनफ्रे – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ओपरा विनफ्रे" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Опра Винфри – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Опра Винфри" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="ഓപ്ര വിൻഫ്രി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓപ്ര വിൻഫ്രി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="ओप्रा विन्फ्रे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओप्रा विन्फ्रे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%89" title="اوبرا وينفرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوبرا وينفرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Опра Винфри – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Опра Винфри" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="ओपरा विनफ्रे – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओपरा विनफ्रे" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="オプラ・ウィンフリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オプラ・ウィンフリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87" title="ਓਪਰਾ ਵਿਨਫਰੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਪਰਾ ਵਿਨਫਰੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%92" title="اوپرا ونفرے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوپرا ونفرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Уинфри, Опра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уинфри, Опра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A" title="ඔප්රා වින්ෆ්‍රේ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔප්රා වින්ෆ්‍රේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="اوپرا ونفري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوپرا ونفري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfreyov%C3%A1" title="Oprah Winfreyová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oprah Winfreyová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ئۆپرا وینفری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆپرا وینفری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Опра Винфри – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опра Винфри" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87" title="ஓப்ரா வின்ஃப்ரே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓப்ரா வின்ஃப்ரே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87" title="ఓప్రా విన్‌ఫ్రే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఓప్రా విన్‌ఫ్రే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="โอปราห์ วินฟรีย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โอปราห์ วินฟรีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D1%96" title="Опра Вінфрі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Опра Вінфрі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%92" title="اوپرا ونفرے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوپرا ونفرے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%B8%A9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C" title="奥普拉·温弗里 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥普拉·温弗里" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Oprah Winfrey" 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class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Oprah" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Orpah" title="Orpah">Orpah</a> or <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the talk show, see <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/36px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/54px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/72px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">A request that this article title be changed to <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oprah&redirect=no">Oprah</a> is <a href="/wiki/Talk:Oprah_Winfrey#Requested_move_26_November_2024" title="Talk:Oprah Winfrey">under discussion</a>. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Oprah Winfrey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Pre_Inaugural_Reception_(52639556983)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pre_Inaugural_Reception_%2852639556983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Pre_Inaugural_Reception_%2852639556983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pre_Inaugural_Reception_%2852639556983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Pre_Inaugural_Reception_%2852639556983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pre_Inaugural_Reception_%2852639556983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Pre_Inaugural_Reception_%2852639556983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="1170" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Winfrey in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Orpah Gail Winfrey</div> (1954-01-29) January 29, 1954 (age 70) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kosciusko,_Mississippi" title="Kosciusko, Mississippi">Kosciusko, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_University" title="Tennessee State University">Tennessee State University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Television presenter</li><li>actress</li><li>television producer</li><li>media proprietor</li><li>philanthropist</li><li>author</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1973–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Media_works_of_Oprah_Winfrey" title="Media works of Oprah Winfrey">Media projects</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>Chairwoman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Harpo_Productions" title="Harpo Productions">Harpo Productions</a> (1986–present)</li> <li>Chairwoman, CEO and CCO of the <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Network" title="Oprah Winfrey Network">Oprah Winfrey Network</a> (2011–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stedman_Graham" title="Stedman Graham">Stedman Graham</a> (1986–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Oprah_Winfrey" title="List of awards and nominations received by Oprah Winfrey">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oprah.com">oprah.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Oprah_Winfrey_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oprah_Winfrey_Signature.svg/150px-Oprah_Winfrey_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oprah_Winfrey_Signature.svg/225px-Oprah_Winfrey_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oprah_Winfrey_Signature.svg/300px-Oprah_Winfrey_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="158" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Oprah Gail Winfrey (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈoʊprə/</a>; born Orpah Gail Winfrey;<a href="#cite_note-A_of_A-3">[a]</a> January 29, 1954), known <a href="/wiki/Mononym" title="Mononym">mononymously</a> as Oprah, is an American <a href="/wiki/Television_presenter" title="Television presenter">talk show host</a>, television producer, actress, author, and <a href="/wiki/Media_proprietor" title="Media proprietor">media proprietor</a>. She is best known for her talk show, <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a>, broadcast from <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, which ran in national syndication for 25 years, from 1986 to 2011.<a href="#cite_note-2010_contract-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biography-2021-5">[4]</a> Dubbed the "Queen of All Media",<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> she was the richest African-American of the 20th century<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> and was once the world's only black billionaire.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> By 2007, she was often ranked as the most influential woman in the world.<a href="#cite_note-opens_school-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Winfrey was born into poverty in rural <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> to a single teenage mother and later raised in inner-city <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>. She has stated that she was molested during her childhood and early teenage years and became pregnant at 14; her son was born <a href="/wiki/Preterm_birth" title="Preterm birth">prematurely</a> and died in infancy.<a href="#cite_note-path_to_power-12">[11]</a> Winfrey was then sent to live with the man she calls her father, Vernon Winfrey, a barber in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, and landed a job in radio while still in high school.<a href="#cite_note-Biography-2021-5">[4]</a> By 19, she was a co-anchor for the local evening news. Winfrey's often emotional, extemporaneous delivery eventually led to her transfer to the daytime talk show arena, and after boosting a third-rated local Chicago talk show to first place,<a href="#cite_note-forbes-13">[12]</a> she launched her own production company. Credited with creating a more intimate, confessional form of media communication,<a href="#cite_note-TIME_100_1998-14">[13]</a> Winfrey popularized and revolutionized<a href="#cite_note-TIME_100_1998-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coming_Afer_Oprah-15">[14]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_talk_show" title="Tabloid talk show">tabloid talk show</a> genre pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TIME_100_1998-14">[13]</a> By the mid-1990s, Winfrey had reinvented her show with a focus on literature, self-improvement, mindfulness, and spirituality. Though she has been criticized for unleashing a confession culture, promoting controversial <a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a> ideas,<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> and having an emotion-centered approach,<a href="#cite_note-Chapman2010-17">[16]</a> she has also been praised for overcoming adversity to become a benefactor to others.<a href="#cite_note-TIME_100_2007-18">[17]</a> Winfrey also emerged as a political force in the 2008 presidential race, with <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">her endorsement of Barack Obama</a> estimated to have been worth about one million votes during the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Democratic primaries">2008 Democratic primaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> In the same year, she formed her own network, the <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Network" title="Oprah Winfrey Network">Oprah Winfrey Network</a> (OWN). In 2013, Winfrey was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> In 1994, she was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Then in October, she finished the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Marathon" title="Marine Corps Marathon">Marine Corps Marathon</a> in less than four and a half hours.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> She has received honorary doctorate degrees from multiple universities.<a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[22]</a> Winfrey has won <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Oprah_Winfrey" title="List of awards and nominations received by Oprah Winfrey">many awards</a> throughout her career, including 19 <a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Daytime Emmy Award">Daytime Emmy Awards</a> (including the Lifetime Achievement Award and the Chairman's Award), two <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Awards</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope_Humanitarian_Award" title="Bob Hope Humanitarian Award">Bob Hope Humanitarian Award</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" title="Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award">Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award</a> awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, in addition to two competitive Academy Award nominations. Winfrey was elected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> Orpah Gail Winfrey was born on January 29, 1954; her first name was spelled Orpah on her birth certificate after the <a href="/wiki/Orpah" title="Orpah">biblical figure</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Book of Ruth</a>, but people mispronounced it regularly and "Oprah" stuck.<a href="#cite_note-A_of_A-3">[a]</a> She was born in <a href="/wiki/Kosciusko,_Mississippi" title="Kosciusko, Mississippi">Kosciusko, Mississippi</a>, to a teenaged mother,<a href="#cite_note-Observer-2005-25">[24]</a> Vernita Lee, and father Vernon Winfrey. Winfrey's parents never married.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Vernita Lee (1935–2018) was a housemaid.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-1986-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Vernon Winfrey (1933–2022)<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> was a coal miner turned barber turned city councilman who was in the Armed Forces when she was born.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-1986-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[b]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Genetic_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic test">genetic test</a> in 2006 determined that her matrilineal line originated among the <a href="/wiki/Kpelle_people" title="Kpelle people">Kpelle</a> ethnic group, from the area that became <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>. Her genetic makeup was determined to be 89% Sub-Saharan African, 8% "<a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#Admixture_and_genetics" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a>"<a href="#cite_note-33">[c]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a>),<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> and 3% East Asian.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> After Winfrey's birth, her mother traveled north, and Winfrey spent her first six years living in rural poverty with her maternal grandmother, Hattie Mae (Presley) Lee (April 15, 1900 – February 27, 1963). Her grandmother was so poor that Winfrey often wore dresses made of potato sacks, for which other children made fun of her.<a href="#cite_note-Observer-2005-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> Her grandmother taught her to read before the age of three and took her to the local church, where she was nicknamed "The Preacher" for her ability to recite <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> verses. When Winfrey was a child, her grandmother was reportedly <a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">abusive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> At age six, Winfrey moved to an inner-city neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, with her mother, who was less supportive and encouraging than her grandmother had been, largely as a result of the long hours she worked as a maid.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-1986-27">[26]</a> Around this time, Lee had given birth to another daughter, Winfrey's younger half-sister, Patricia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199912-38">[35]</a> who died of causes related to <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> addiction in February 2003 at age 43.<a href="#cite_note-Garson20-39">[36]</a> By 1962, Lee was having difficulty raising both daughters, so Winfrey was temporarily sent to live with Vernon in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199913–14-40">[37]</a> While Winfrey was in Nashville, Lee gave birth to a third daughter,<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> who was put up for adoption in the hopes of easing the financial straits that had led to Lee's being on <a href="/wiki/United_States_welfare_state" class="mw-redirect" title="United States welfare state">welfare</a>, and was later also named Patricia.<a href="#cite_note-halfsisterusatoday-42">[39]</a> Winfrey did not know that she had a second half-sister until 2010.<a href="#cite_note-halfsisterusatoday-42">[39]</a> By the time Winfrey moved back with her mother, Lee had also given birth to Winfrey's half-brother Jeffrey, who died of <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>-related causes in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-Garson20-39">[36]</a> At the age of eight, she was baptized in a <a href="/wiki/Baptist_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist church">Baptist church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spirituality_According_to_Oprah-43">[40]</a> Winfrey has stated she was <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">molested</a> by her cousin, uncle, and a family friend, starting when she was nine years old, something she first announced on a 1986 episode of her TV show regarding <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual abuse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> A biographer alleged that when Winfrey discussed the alleged abuse with family members at age 24, they reportedly refused to believe her account.<a href="#cite_note-Garson22-46">[43]</a> Winfrey once commented that she had chosen not to be a mother because she had not been mothered well.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> At 13, after suffering what she described as years of abuse, Winfrey ran away from home.<a href="#cite_note-AofA-2">[2]</a> When she was 14, she became pregnant, but her son was born <a href="/wiki/Premature_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Premature birth">prematurely</a> and died shortly after birth.<a href="#cite_note-Biography_Channel-48">[45]</a> Winfrey later stated she felt betrayed by the family member who had sold the story of her son to the <a href="/wiki/National_Enquirer" title="National Enquirer">National Enquirer</a> in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> Winfrey attended Lincoln Middle and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_High_School_(Milwaukee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln High School (Milwaukee)">High School in Milwaukee</a>, but after early success in the <a href="/wiki/Upward_Bound" title="Upward Bound">Upward Bound</a> program, was transferred to the affluent suburban <a href="/wiki/Nicolet_High_School" title="Nicolet High School">Nicolet High School</a>. Upon transferring, she said she was continually reminded of her poverty as she rode the bus to school with fellow African-Americans, some of whom were <a href="/wiki/Servants" class="mw-redirect" title="Servants">servants</a> of her classmates' families. She began to rebel and steal money from her mother in an effort to keep up with her free-spending peers.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> As a result, her mother once again sent her to live with Vernon in <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a>, although this time she did not take her back. Vernon was strict but encouraging, and made her education a priority. Winfrey became an honors student, was voted Most Popular Girl, and joined her high school speech team at <a href="/wiki/East_Nashville_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="East Nashville High School">East Nashville High School</a>, placing second in the nation in dramatic interpretation.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> In 1986, Winfrey said, "'When my father took me, it changed the course of my life. He saved me. He simply knew what he wanted and expected. He would take nothing less'".<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-1986-27">[26]</a> Winfrey's first job as a teenager was working at a local grocery store.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> At the age of 17, Winfrey won the Miss Black Tennessee beauty pageant.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> She also attracted the attention of the local black radio station, <a href="/wiki/WVOL" title="WVOL">WVOL</a>, which hired her to do the news part-time.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-44">[41]</a> She worked there during her senior year of high school and in her first two years of college.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> She had won an oratory contest, which secured her a full scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_University" title="Tennessee State University">Tennessee State University</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black institution">historically black institution</a>, where she studied <a href="/wiki/Communication_studies" title="Communication studies">communication</a>. However, she did not deliver her final paper and receive her degree until 1987, by which time she was a successful television personality.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> Winfrey's career in media would not have surprised her grandmother, who once said that ever since Winfrey could talk, she was on stage. As a child, she played games interviewing her corncob doll and the crows on the fence of her family's property. Winfrey later acknowledged her grandmother's influence, saying it was Hattie Mae who had encouraged her to speak in public and "gave me a positive sense of myself".<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television">Television</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a></div> Working in local media, Winfrey was both the youngest news anchor and the first black female news anchor at <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a>'s WLAC-TV (now <a href="/wiki/WTVF-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WTVF-TV">WTVF-TV</a>), where she often covered the same stories as <a href="/wiki/John_Tesh" title="John Tesh">John Tesh</a>, who worked at <a href="/wiki/WSMV-TV" title="WSMV-TV">a competing Nashville station</a>. In 1976, she moved to <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>'s <a href="/wiki/WJZ-TV" title="WJZ-TV">WJZ-TV</a> to co-anchor the six o'clock news. In 1977, she was removed as co-anchor and worked in lower profile positions at the station. She was then recruited to join <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sher_(newscaster)" title="Richard Sher (newscaster)">Richard Sher</a> as co-host of WJZ's local talk show People Are Talking, which premiered on August 14, 1978. She also hosted the local version of <a href="/wiki/Dialing_for_Dollars" title="Dialing for Dollars">Dialing for Dollars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> In 1984, Winfrey relocated to Chicago to host <a href="/wiki/WLS-TV" title="WLS-TV">WLS-TV</a>'s low-rated half-hour morning talk show, AM Chicago, after being hired by that station's general manager, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Swanson" title="Dennis Swanson">Dennis Swanson</a>. The first episode aired on January 2, 1984. Within months after Winfrey took over, the show went from last place in the ratings to overtaking <a href="/wiki/The_Phil_Donahue_Show" title="The Phil Donahue Show">Donahue</a> as the highest-rated talk show in Chicago. The movie critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> persuaded her to sign a syndication deal with <a href="/wiki/King_World" title="King World">King World</a>. Ebert predicted that she would generate 40 times as much revenue as his television show, <a href="/wiki/At_the_Movies_(1986_TV_program)" title="At the Movies (1986 TV program)">At the Movies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-How-65">[62]</a> It was then renamed <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a> and expanded to a full hour. The first episode was broadcast nationwide on September 8, 1986.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> Winfrey's syndicated show brought in double Donahue's national audience, displacing Donahue as the number-one daytime talk show in America. Their much-publicized contest was the subject of enormous scrutiny. According to <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine in August 1988: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Few people would have bet on Oprah Winfrey's swift rise to host of the most popular talk show on TV. In a field dominated by white males, she is a black female of ample bulk. As interviewers go, she is no match for, say, Phil Donahue ... What she lacks in journalistic toughness, she makes up for in plainspoken curiosity, robust humor and, above all empathy. Guests with sad stories to tell are apt to rouse a tear in Oprah's eye ... They, in turn, often find themselves revealing things they would not imagine telling anyone, much less a national TV audience. It is the talk show as a group therapy session.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a></blockquote> TV columnist <a href="/wiki/Howard_Rosenberg" title="Howard Rosenberg">Howard Rosenberg</a> said: "She's a roundhouse, a full course meal, big, brassy, loud, aggressive, hyper, laughable, lovable, soulful, tender, low-down, earthy, and hungry. And she may know the way to Phil Donahue's jugular."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair200197-69">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Les_Payne" title="Les Payne">Les Payne</a> observed, "Oprah Winfrey is sharper than Donahue, wittier, more genuine, and far better attuned to her audience, if not the world"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair200197-69">[66]</a> and Martha Bayles of <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> wrote, "It's a relief to see a gab-monger with a fond but realistic assessment of her own cultural and religious roots."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair200197-69">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oprah_Winfrey_1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Oprah_Winfrey_1997.jpg/170px-Oprah_Winfrey_1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Oprah_Winfrey_1997.jpg/255px-Oprah_Winfrey_1997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Oprah_Winfrey_1997.jpg/340px-Oprah_Winfrey_1997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="844" /></a><figcaption>Winfrey in 1997</figcaption></figure> In the early years of The Oprah Winfrey Show, the program was classified as a tabloid talk show. In the mid-1990s, Winfrey began to host shows on broader topics such as heart disease, <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitics</a>, spirituality, and meditation. She interviewed celebrities on social issues they were directly involved with, such as cancer, charity work, or substance abuse, and hosted televised giveaways.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> The later years of the show faced accusations that Winfrey was promoting <a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">junk science</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> This has manifested as criticisms of Winfrey for promoting particular guests whose medical commentaries (both on her show and in the wider media) frequently lack supporting science. Common targets of this criticism include <a href="/wiki/Dr._Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Oz">Dr. Oz</a>'s promotion of various "miracle pills" (especially those aimed at weight loss),<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dr._Phil" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Phil">Dr. Phil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a>'s unfounded assertions about vaccines, and <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Somers" title="Suzanne Somers">Suzanne Somers</a>'s promotion of bioidenticals.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> Multiple publications have called on Oprah to denounce medical statements made by her former proteges long after her show ended. For example, there were calls for her to denounce Dr. Oz in 2020 reaction to his comments about coronavirus and his promotion of a poorly vetted drug as a cure.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> In addition to her talk show, Winfrey also produced and co-starred in the drama miniseries <a href="/wiki/The_Women_of_Brewster_Place_(miniseries)" title="The Women of Brewster Place (miniseries)">The Women of Brewster Place</a> (1989) and its short-lived spin-off, Brewster Place.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> As well as hosting and appearing on television shows, Winfrey co-founded the women's cable television network <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)" title="Oxygen (TV channel)">Oxygen</a> which was the initial network for her <a href="/wiki/Oprah_After_the_Show" title="Oprah After the Show">Oprah After the Show</a> program from 2002 to 2006 before moving to Oprah.com when Winfrey sold her stake in the network. She is also the president of <a href="/wiki/Harpo_Productions" title="Harpo Productions">Harpo Productions</a> (Oprah spelled backwards), a film and TV production company behind <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Phil_(talk_show)" title="Dr. Phil (talk show)">Dr. Phil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rachael_Ray_(talk_show)" title="Rachael Ray (talk show)">Rachael Ray</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dr._Oz_Show" title="The Dr. Oz Show">The Dr. Oz Show</a> and many others. She also moderated three <a href="/wiki/ABC_Afterschool_Special" title="ABC Afterschool Special">ABC Afterschool Special</a>s from 1992 to 1994. On January 15, 2008, Winfrey and <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery Communications">Discovery Communications</a> announced plans to change <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Health_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery Health Channel">Discovery Health Channel</a> into a new channel called <a href="/wiki/OWN:_Oprah_Winfrey_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network">OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network</a>. It was scheduled to launch in 2009 but was delayed, and actually launched on January 1, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> The series finale of The Oprah Winfrey Show aired on May 25, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> In January 2017, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> announced that Winfrey would join <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> as a special contributor on the Sunday evening news magazine program starting in September 2017.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">National Museum of African American History and Culture</a> in 2018 opened a special exhibit on Winfrey's cultural influence through television.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> Winfrey left 60 Minutes by the end of 2018.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> In June 2018, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> announced a multi-year content partnership with Winfrey, in which it was agreed that Winfrey would create new original programs exclusively for Apple's streaming service, <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> The first show under the deal, <a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club_(TV_series)" title="Oprah's Book Club (TV series)">Oprah's Book Club</a>, premiered on November 1, 2019. Oprah's Book Club is based on <a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club" title="Oprah's Book Club">the segment of the same name from The Oprah Winfrey Show</a>. The second show under the deal, Oprah Talks <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, debuted on March 21, 2020, during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. A third show, The Oprah Conversation debuted on July 30, 2020, with Winfrey "[continuing] to explore impactful and relevant topics with fascinating thought leaders from all over the world".<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celebrity_interviews">Celebrity interviews</h3></div> In 1993, Winfrey hosted a rare prime-time interview called, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Talks_..._to_Oprah" title="Michael Jackson Talks ... to Oprah">Michael Jackson Talks ... to Oprah</a> with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, which became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-watched_television_broadcasts#Most-watched_television_interviews" title="List of most-watched television broadcasts">fourth most-watched event in American television history</a> as well as the most watched interview ever, with an audience of 36.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> On December 1, 2005, Winfrey appeared on the <a href="/wiki/Late_Show_with_David_Letterman" title="Late Show with David Letterman">Late Show with David Letterman</a> for the first time in 16 years, to promote the new Broadway musical, <a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(musical)" title="The Color Purple (musical)">The Color Purple</a>,<a href="#cite_note-oprlet-86">[83]</a> which she produced. The episode was hailed by some as the "television event of the decade" and helped Letterman attract his largest audience in more than 11 years: 13.45 million viewers.<a href="#cite_note-Letterman_ratings-87">[84]</a> Although a much-rumored feud was said to have been the cause of the rift,<a href="#cite_note-oprlet-86">[83]</a> both Winfrey and Letterman balked at such talk. "I want you to know, it's really over, whatever you thought was happening," said Winfrey. On September 10, 2007, Letterman made his first appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show, as its season premiere was filmed in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> In 2006, rappers <a href="/wiki/Ludacris" title="Ludacris">Ludacris</a>, <a href="/wiki/50_Cent" title="50 Cent">50 Cent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_Cube" title="Ice Cube">Ice Cube</a> criticized Winfrey for what they perceived as an anti-<a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> bias. In an interview with <a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a> magazine, Ludacris said that Winfrey gave him a "hard time" about his lyrics, and edited comments he made during an appearance on her show with the cast of the film <a href="/wiki/Crash_(2004_film)" title="Crash (2004 film)">Crash</a>. He also said that he wasn't initially invited on the show with the rest of the cast.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> Winfrey responded by saying that she is opposed to rap lyrics that "marginalize women," but enjoys some artists, including <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>, who appeared on her show. She said she spoke with Ludacris backstage after his appearance to explain her position and said she understood that his music was for entertainment purposes, but that some of his listeners might take it literally. In September 2008, Winfrey received criticism after <a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Matt Drudge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Drudge_Report" title="Drudge Report">Drudge Report</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> reported that Winfrey refused to have <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> on her show, allegedly because of Winfrey's support for Barack Obama.<a href="#cite_note-palin-91">[88]</a> Winfrey denied the report, maintaining that there never was a discussion regarding Palin's appearing on her show. She said that after she made public her support for Obama, she decided that she would not let her show be used as a platform for any of the candidates.<a href="#cite_note-palin-91">[88]</a> Although Obama appeared twice on her show, those appearances were prior to his declaration as a presidential candidate. Winfrey added that Palin would make a fantastic guest and that she would love to have her on the show after the election, which she did on November 18, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-palin-91">[88]</a> In 2009, Winfrey was criticized for allowing actress <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Somers" title="Suzanne Somers">Suzanne Somers</a> to appear on her show to discuss hormone treatments that are not accepted by mainstream medicine.<a href="#cite_note-Noveck-92">[89]</a> Critics have also suggested that Winfrey is not tough enough when questioning celebrity guests or politicians whom she appears to like.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> Lisa de Moraes, a media columnist for <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, stated: "Oprah doesn't do follow-up questions unless you're an author who's embarrassed her by fabricating portions of a supposed memoir she's plugged for her book club", referring to the controversy around <a href="/wiki/James_Frey" title="James Frey">James Frey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Million_Little_Pieces" title="A Million Little Pieces">A Million Little Pieces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> In 2021, she conducted <a href="/wiki/Oprah_with_Meghan_and_Harry" title="Oprah with Meghan and Harry">an interview</a> with <a href="/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex" title="Meghan, Duchess of Sussex">Meghan, Duchess of Sussex</a>, and her husband <a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Harry">Prince Harry</a>, which was broadcast globally and received international media attention.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> In 2024, <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC</a> announced an upcoming television special titled “AI and the Future of Us: An Oprah Winfrey Special”. Scheduled to air on September 12, the one-hour show aims to delve into the impact of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence (AI)</a> on daily life. Notably, it will feature interviews with prominent figures from the tech industry, including <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Sam_Altman" title="Sam Altman">Sam Altman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_media">Other media</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3></div> Winfrey co-starred in <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(1985_film)" title="The Color Purple (1985 film)">The Color Purple</a> (1985), as distraught housewife <a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple#Sofia" title="The Color Purple">Sofia</a>. She was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress">Best Supporting Actress</a> for her performance. The <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> novel later became <a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(musical)" title="The Color Purple (musical)">a Broadway musical</a> which opened in late 2005, with Winfrey credited as a producer. In October 1998, Winfrey produced and starred in the film <a href="/wiki/Beloved_(1998_film)" title="Beloved (1998 film)">Beloved</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>–winning <a href="/wiki/Beloved_(novel)" title="Beloved (novel)">novel of the same name</a>. To prepare for her role as Sethe, the protagonist and former slave, Winfrey experienced a 24-hour simulation of the experience of slavery, which included being tied up and blindfolded and left alone in the woods. Despite major advertising, including two episodes of her <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">talk show</a> dedicated solely to the film, and moderate to good critical reviews, Beloved opened to poor box-office results, losing approximately $30 million. While promoting the movie, co-star <a href="/wiki/Thandie_Newton" class="mw-redirect" title="Thandie Newton">Thandie Newton</a> described Winfrey as "a very strong technical actress and it's because she's so smart. She's acute. She's got a mind like a razor blade."<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harpo_Productions" title="Harpo Productions">Harpo Productions</a> released a film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a>'s 1937 novel <a href="/wiki/Their_Eyes_Were_Watching_God" title="Their Eyes Were Watching God">Their Eyes Were Watching God</a> in 2005. The made-for-television film was based upon a teleplay by <a href="/wiki/Suzan-Lori_Parks" title="Suzan-Lori Parks">Suzan-Lori Parks</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> in the lead female role. In late 2008, Winfrey's company <a href="/wiki/Harpo_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Harpo Films">Harpo Films</a> signed an exclusive output pact to develop and produce scripted series, documentaries, and movies exclusively for <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-varietyHBOpact-99">[96]</a> In 2013, Winfrey starred in the film <a href="/wiki/The_Butler" title="The Butler">The Butler</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Daniels" title="Lee Daniels">Lee Daniels</a>. Though her performance garnered significant Oscar buzz, she was not nominated for the award.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Oprah voiced Gussie the goose in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte%27s_Web_(2006_film)" title="Charlotte's Web (2006 film)">Charlotte's Web</a> (2006) and voiced Judge Bumbleton in <a href="/wiki/Bee_Movie" title="Bee Movie">Bee Movie</a> (2007), co-starring the voices of <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Seinfeld" title="Jerry Seinfeld">Jerry Seinfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a>. In 2009, Winfrey provided the voice for the character of Eudora, the mother of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Tiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Tiana">Princess Tiana</a>, in Disney's <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_and_the_Frog" title="The Princess and the Frog">The Princess and the Frog</a> and in 2010, narrated the US version of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> nature program <a href="/wiki/Life_(2009_TV_series)" title="Life (2009 TV series)">Life</a> for Discovery. In 2018, Winfrey starred as Mrs. Which in the film <a href="/wiki/A_Wrinkle_in_Time_(2018_film)" title="A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)">adaptation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_L%27Engle" title="Madeleine L'Engle">Madeleine L'Engle</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/A_Wrinkle_in_Time" title="A Wrinkle in Time">A Wrinkle in Time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> She also lent her voice to an animated virtual-reality short film written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Darnell" title="Eric Darnell">Eric Darnell</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a>, titled Crow: The Legend, telling a Native American origin tale.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishing_and_writing">Publishing and writing</h3></div> Winfrey has co-authored five books. At the announcement of a weight-loss book in 2005, co-authored with her personal trainer Bob Greene, it was said that her undisclosed advance fee had broken the record for the world's highest book advance fee, previously held by the autobiography of former U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Winfrey_tops_Clinton-103">[100]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oprah_in_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oprah_in_2014.jpg/170px-Oprah_in_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oprah_in_2014.jpg/255px-Oprah_in_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oprah_in_2014.jpg/340px-Oprah_in_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3108" data-file-height="4123" /></a><figcaption>Winfrey on her "The Life You Want" tour in October 2014</figcaption></figure> In 2015, her memoir, The Life You Want, was announced following on her tour of the same name,<a href="#cite_note-BegleyWant-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-ConlinOprah-105">[102]</a> and scheduled for publication in 2017,<a href="#cite_note-Alter-106">[103]</a> but was "indefinitely postponed" in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-SchaubJanuary-107">[104]</a> Winfrey publishes the magazine: <a href="/wiki/O,_The_Oprah_Magazine" title="O, The Oprah Magazine">O, The Oprah Magazine</a> and from 2004 to 2008 also published a magazine called O At Home.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> called O, the Oprah Magazine the most successful start-up ever in the industry.<a href="#cite_note-Mutual-109">[106]</a> Although its circulation had declined by more than 10 percent 2.4 million from 2005 to 2008, the January 2009 issue was the best selling issue since 2006.<a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_May_26_2008-110">[107]</a> The January 2009 issue was the best selling issue since 2006.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> The audience for her magazine is considerably more upscale than for her TV show; the average reader earns well above the median for U.S. women.<a href="#cite_note-Mutual-109">[106]</a> In July 2020, it was announced that O Magazine would end its regular print publications after the December 2020 issue.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> In the December 2020 issue, Winfrey thanked readers and acknowledged it was the magazine's "final monthly print edition".<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online">Online</h3></div> Winfrey's company created the Oprah.com website to provide resources and interactive content related to her shows, magazines, book club, and public charity. Oprah.com averages more than 70 million page views and more than six million users per month, and receives approximately 20,000 e-mails each week.<a href="#cite_note-About_Oprah-115">[112]</a> Winfrey initiated "Oprah's Child Predator Watch List", through her show and website, to help track down accused child molesters. Within the first 48 hours, two of the featured men were captured.<a href="#cite_note-Captured_Accused-116">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3></div> On February 9, 2006, it was announced that Winfrey had signed a three-year, $55-million contract with <a href="/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a> to establish a new radio channel. The channel, <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Radio" title="Oprah Radio">Oprah Radio</a>, features popular contributors to The Oprah Winfrey Show and O, The Oprah Magazine including <a href="/wiki/Nate_Berkus" title="Nate Berkus">Nate Berkus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Mehmet_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Mehmet Oz">Dr. Mehmet Oz</a>, Bob Greene, Dr. Robin Smith, and <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a>. Oprah & Friends began broadcasting at 11:00 am <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">ET</a>, September 25, 2006, from a new studio at Winfrey's Chicago headquarters. The channel broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week on XM Radio Channel 156. Winfrey's contract requires her to be on the air 30 minutes a week, 39 weeks a year.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homes">Homes</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OprahEstate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/OprahEstate.jpg/220px-OprahEstate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/OprahEstate.jpg/330px-OprahEstate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/OprahEstate.jpg/440px-OprahEstate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Oprah's <a href="/wiki/Montecito,_California" title="Montecito, California">Montecito</a> estate</figcaption></figure> Oprah's extensive and continuously evolving real-estate portfolio has garnered heightened attention throughout her life and career, with many prominent industry outlets branding her a "tycoon" regarding her investments which as of 2022, are estimated to total approximately $127 million. As her talk show was beginning, Oprah first purchased a condominium in Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Water_Tower_Place" title="Water Tower Place">Water Tower Place</a> in 1985, before purchasing the condos adjoining and directly below it in 1992, 1993, and 1994, respectively. In 1988, she purchased an 164-acre property including main and guest residences, orchard, and stables in <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Prairie,_Indiana" title="Rolling Prairie, Indiana">Rolling Prairie, Indiana</a> as her weekend refuge. In 1992, she purchased an 80-acre compound in <a href="/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado" title="Telluride, Colorado">Telluride, Colorado</a>, which she would go on to sell in approximately late 2000. In 1994, she also purchased an apartment at the <a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotel_Chicago" title="Four Seasons Hotel Chicago">Four Seasons Hotel Chicago</a>. Between 1996 and 2000 she purchased a total of five condos in different development areas of <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Island,_Florida" title="Fisher Island, Florida">Fisher Island, Florida</a>. In 2000, through her Chicago-based LLC Overground Railroad, Oprah purchased her friend <a href="/wiki/Gayle_King" title="Gayle King">Gayle King</a> an estate in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich, Connecticut</a>. In 2001, Oprah sold all five of her Fisher Island condos and purchased what would become her "main home base" she has also called "The Promised Land" (where she currently lives as of 2022), a (then) 42-acre (17 ha) estate with ocean and mountain views in <a href="/wiki/Montecito,_California" title="Montecito, California">Montecito, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> Additionally that year, she also purchased homes in both <a href="/wiki/Elmwood_Park,_Illinois" title="Elmwood Park, Illinois">Elmwood Park, Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merrillville,_Indiana" title="Merrillville, Indiana">Merrillville, Indiana</a> for other family members and friends. Similarly, in 2002, she purchased her father's home in <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin, Tennessee</a> and a lakefront condo in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>. In 2003 she listed her compound in Rolling Prairie, Indiana, and sold it in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> From 2003 to 2005, Oprah acquired several properties totaling 163 acres in <a href="/wiki/Kula,_Hawaii" title="Kula, Hawaii">Kula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hana,_Hawaii" title="Hana, Hawaii">Hana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> as well as a penthouse apartment in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>. In 2005, she purchased a home in <a href="/wiki/Douglasville,_Georgia" title="Douglasville, Georgia">Douglasville, Georgia</a> which was gifted in 2011 to a family member. In 2006, Oprah purchased a co-op apartment along <a href="/wiki/Lake_Shore_Drive" title="Lake Shore Drive">Lake Shore Drive</a> in downtown Chicago, reportedly with plans to permanently move there from her prior adjoined-condo unit in Water Tower Place for the duration of her show but for reasons unknown, the property sat entirely unused until she sold it in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> In 2008, she sold her penthouse apartment in Atlanta. That year, she also listed Gayle King's estate and purchased her (through her second LLC Sophie's Penthouse) a penthouse apartment in midtown <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> which would later be sold in 2012. In early 2014, she listed her combined-unit Chicago duplex on the market. Later that year, Oprah came back to <a href="/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado" title="Telluride, Colorado">Telluride, Colorado</a> to purchase a 60-acre lot with plans to build on the property. A lawsuit filed against her that year by a retired nuclear physicist living in the area regarding trail access rights was dismissed later that year with the judge citing little case law to support his case, among other issues. The extent of the agreement between all the parties and jurisdictions regarding her subsequent development on the property remains undisclosed.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> In 2015, Oprah purchased another property in Telluride, and later that year, expanded her Montecito compound with another 23-acre estate and yet another 44-acre dedicated crop and equestrian preserve. That year she also sold both of her downtown Chicago homes. In 2018, Oprah obtained two adjoining parcels of land totaling 23 acres including the Madroneagle compound on <a href="/wiki/Orcas_Island" title="Orcas Island">Orcas Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and sold her last home property in the Chicago area from Elmwood Park.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> In late 2019, Oprah yet again expanded her Montecito home-base compound, this time to 70 contiguous acres, with the purchase of a four-acre complex from actor <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a>. In 2021, she sold her Orcas Island compound as she said she was too busy to use it and purchased another compound in Montecito further away from her home-base compound, flipping the latter in 2022 with split properties, one of which was sold to her property manager and longtime personal trainer Bob Greene, and the other to actress <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston" title="Jennifer Aniston">Jennifer Aniston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] In 2023, Winfrey also purchased 870 acres of land in Maui for $6.6 million.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romantic_history">Romantic history</h3></div> Winfrey's high school sweetheart Anthony Otey recalled an innocent courtship that began in Winfrey's senior year of high school, from which he saved hundreds of love notes; Winfrey conducted herself with dignity and was a model student.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199928–29-131">[128]</a> The two spoke of getting married, but Otey claimed to have always secretly known that Winfrey was destined for a far greater life than he could ever provide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199930-132">[129]</a> She broke up with him on Valentine's Day of her senior year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199930–31-133">[130]</a> In 1971, several months after breaking up with Otey, Winfrey met William "Bubba" Taylor at Tennessee State University. According to CBS journalist George Mair, Taylor was Winfrey's "first intense, to-die-for love affair". Winfrey helped get Taylor a job at WVOL, and according to Mair, "did everything to keep him, including literally begging him on her knees to stay with her".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199933-134">[131]</a> Taylor, however, was unwilling to leave Nashville with Winfrey when she moved to Baltimore to work at WJZ-TV in June 1976. "We really did care for each other," Winfrey would later recall. "We shared a deep love. A love I will never forget."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199943-135">[132]</a> In the 1970s, Winfrey had a romantic relationship with <a href="/wiki/John_Tesh" title="John Tesh">John Tesh</a>. Biographer <a href="/wiki/Kitty_Kelley" title="Kitty Kelley">Kitty Kelley</a> claims that Tesh split with Winfrey over the pressures of an interracial relationship.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> When WJZ-TV management criticized Winfrey for crying on air while reporting tragedies and were unhappy with her physical appearance (especially when her hair fell out as a result of a bad perm), Winfrey turned to reporter Lloyd Kramer for comfort. "Lloyd was just the best," Winfrey would later recall. "That man loved me even when I was bald! He was wonderful. He stuck with me through the whole demoralizing experience. That man was the most fun romance I ever had."<a href="#cite_note-Mair_1995_pg_47-137">[134]</a> According to Mair, when Kramer moved to NBC in New York, Winfrey had a love affair with a married man who had no intention of leaving his wife.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> Winfrey would later recall: "I'd had a relationship with a man for four years. I wasn't living with him. I'd never lived with anyone—and I thought I was worthless without him. The more he rejected me, the more I wanted him. I felt depleted, powerless. At the end, I was down on the floor on my knees groveling and pleading with him".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199949-139">[136]</a> Winfrey became so depressed that on September 8, 1981, she wrote a suicide note to best friend <a href="/wiki/Gayle_King" title="Gayle King">Gayle King</a> instructing King to water her plants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199949-139">[136]</a> "That suicide note had been much overplayed" Winfrey told <a href="/wiki/Ms._(magazine)" title="Ms. (magazine)">Ms.</a> magazine. "I couldn't kill myself. I would be afraid the minute I did it, something really good would happen and I'd miss it."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199950-140">[137]</a> According to Winfrey, her emotional turmoil gradually led to a weight problem: "The reason I gained so much weight in the first place and the reason I had such a sorry history of abusive relationships with men was I just needed approval so much. I needed everyone to like me, because I didn't like myself much. So I'd end up with these cruel self-absorbed guys who'd tell me how selfish I was, and I'd say 'Oh thank you, you're so right' and be grateful to them. Because I had no sense that I deserved anything else. Which is also why I gained so much weight later on. It was the perfect way of cushioning myself against the world's disapproval."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199950-140">[137]</a> Winfrey later confessed to smoking <a href="/wiki/Crack_cocaine" title="Crack cocaine">crack cocaine</a> with a man she was romantically involved with during the same era. She explained on her show: "I always felt that the drug itself is not the problem but that I was addicted to the man." She added: "I can't think of anything I wouldn't have done for that man."<a href="#cite_note-Jet-141">[138]</a> Winfrey was allegedly involved in a second drug-related love affair. Self-proclaimed former boyfriend Randolph Cook said they lived together for several months in 1985 and did drugs. In 1997, Cook tried to sue Winfrey for $20 million for allegedly blocking a <a href="/wiki/Tell-all_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell-all book">tell-all book</a> about their alleged relationship.<a href="#cite_note-FindLaw-142">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_Walker-143">[140]</a> In the mid-1980s, Winfrey briefly dated movie critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>, whom she credits with advising her to take her show into syndication.<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-How-65">[62]</a> In 1985, before Winfrey's Chicago talk show had gone national, Haitian filmmaker Reginald Chevalier claims he appeared as a guest on a look-alike segment and began a relationship with Winfrey involving romantic evenings at home, candlelit baths, and dinners with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danny_Glover" title="Danny Glover">Danny Glover</a>. Chevalier says Winfrey ended the relationship when she met <a href="/wiki/Stedman_Graham" title="Stedman Graham">Stedman Graham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Winfrey and her partner Stedman Graham have been together since 1986. They were engaged to be married in November 1992, but the ceremony never took place.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Close_friends">Close friends</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oprah_Winfrey_(2004).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Oprah_Winfrey_%282004%29.jpg/170px-Oprah_Winfrey_%282004%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Oprah_Winfrey_%282004%29.jpg/255px-Oprah_Winfrey_%282004%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Oprah_Winfrey_%282004%29.jpg/340px-Oprah_Winfrey_%282004%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>Winfrey celebrating her 50th birthday among friends at her Santa Barbara estate, 2004</figcaption></figure> Winfrey's best friend since their early twenties is <a href="/wiki/Gayle_King" title="Gayle King">Gayle King</a>. King was formerly the host of The Gayle King Show and is currently an editor of O, the Oprah Magazine. Since 1997, when Winfrey played the therapist on an episode of the sitcom <a href="/wiki/Ellen_(TV_series)" title="Ellen (TV series)">Ellen</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a> came out of the closet, Winfrey and King have been the target of persistent rumors that they were gay. "I understand why people think we're gay," Winfrey says in the August 2006 issue of O magazine. "There isn't a definition in our culture for this kind of bond between women. So I get why people have to label it—how can you be this close without it being sexual?"<a href="#cite_note-Not_Gay-146">[143]</a> "I've told nearly everything there is to tell. All my stuff is out there. People think I'd be so ashamed of being gay that I wouldn't admit it? Oh, please."<a href="#cite_note-Not_Gay-146">[143]</a> Winfrey has also had a long friendship with <a href="/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a>, after they met in Baltimore.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> Winfrey considered <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a>, her mentor and close friend; she called Angelou her "mother-sister-friend".<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> Winfrey hosted a week-long Caribbean cruise for Angelou and 150 guests for Angelou's 70th birthday in 1998, and in 2008, threw her "an extravagant 80th birthday celebration" at <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> club in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="Palm Beach, Florida">Palm Beach, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_wealth">Personal wealth</h3></div> Born in rural poverty, and raised by a mother dependent on government welfare payments in a poor urban neighborhood, Winfrey became a millionaire at the age of 32 when her talk show received national syndication. Winfrey negotiated ownership rights to the television program and started her own production company. At the age of 41, Winfrey had a net worth of $340 million and replaced <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> as the only African American on the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_400" title="Forbes 400">Forbes 400</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Time-151">[148]</a> By 2000, with a net worth of $800 million, Winfrey is believed to have been the richest African American of the 20th century. There has been a course taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a> focusing on Winfrey's business acumen; namely, "History 298: Oprah Winfrey, the Tycoon".<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> Winfrey was the highest-paid television entertainer in the United States in 2006, earning an estimated $260 million during the year, five times the sum earned by second-place music executive <a href="/wiki/Simon_Cowell" title="Simon Cowell">Simon Cowell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> By 2008, her yearly income had increased to $275 million.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes1-154">[151]</a> Forbes' list of <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">The World's Billionaires</a> has listed Winfrey as the world's only black billionaire from 2004 to 2006 and as the first black woman billionaire in the world that was achieved in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-Time-151">[148]</a> As of 2014, Winfrey had a net worth in excess of 2.9 billion dollars<a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-155">[152]</a> and had overtaken former <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Meg_Whitman" title="Meg Whitman">Meg Whitman</a> as the richest self-made woman in America.<a href="#cite_note-157">[d]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h3></div> Oprah was raised a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>. In her early life, she would speak at local, mostly <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> congregations of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> that were often deeply religious and familiar with such themes as <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Protestantism">evangelical Protestantism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a>, and being <a href="/wiki/Born-again" class="mw-redirect" title="Born-again">born-again</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> She was quoted as saying: "I have church with myself: I have church walking down the street. I believe in the God force that lives inside all of us, and once you tap into that, you can do anything."<a href="#cite_note-Lowe2001-161">[157]</a> She also stated, "Doubt means don't. When you don't know what to do, do nothing until you do know what to do. Because the doubt is your inner voice or the voice of God or whatever you choose to call it. It is your instinct trying to tell you something is off. That's how I have found myself to be led spiritually, because that's your spiritual voice saying to you, 'let's think about it.' So when you don't know what to do, do nothing."<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> Oprah has stated that she is a Christian and her favorite Bible verse is <a href="/wiki/Acts_17:28" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts 17:28">Acts 17:28</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> Oprah attends <a href="/wiki/The_Potter%27s_House_Church,_Dallas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Potter's House Church, Dallas">The Potter's House</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a> church in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spirituality_According_to_Oprah-43">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> After the loss of her infant child at age 14, Winfrey did not want more children. In a 2017 interview with <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>, she explained "I didn't want babies. I wouldn't have been a good mom for babies. I don't have the patience. I have the patience for puppies but that's a quick stage!"<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oprah_Winfrey_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Oprah_Winfrey_2010.jpg/170px-Oprah_Winfrey_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Oprah_Winfrey_2010.jpg/255px-Oprah_Winfrey_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Oprah_Winfrey_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Winfrey at the White House for the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a></figcaption></figure> Winfrey was called "arguably the world's most powerful woman" by <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> and TIME,<a href="#cite_note-2001_Global_Influentials-165">[161]</a> "arguably the most influential woman in the world" by <a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a>,<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th Century</a>" and "one of the most influential people" from 2004 to 2011 by <a href="/wiki/TIME" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME">TIME</a>. Winfrey is the only person to have appeared in the latter list on <a href="/wiki/Time_100#Listed_ten_times" title="Time 100">ten occasions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> At the end of the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> listed Winfrey as both the most influential woman and the most influential black person of her generation, and in a cover story profile the magazine called her "America's most powerful woman".<a href="#cite_note-Boomers-168">[164]</a> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> ranked Winfrey as the most influential woman and most influential black person of the previous quarter-century.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal" title="Ladies' Home Journal">Ladies' Home Journal</a> also ranked Winfrey number one in their list of the most powerful women in America and then <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in 2007 said she "may be the most influential woman in the country".<a href="#cite_note-Obama_on_LKL-170">[166]</a> In 1998, Winfrey became the first woman and first African American to top <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>'s list of the 101 most powerful people in the entertainment industry.<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> named her the world's most powerful celebrity in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-Most_Powerful-172">[168]</a> 2007,<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> 2008,<a href="#cite_note-Forbes1-154">[151]</a> 2010,<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> and 2013.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> As chairman of <a href="/wiki/Harpo_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Harpo Inc.">Harpo Inc.</a>, she was named the <a href="/wiki/Power_100" title="Power 100">most powerful woman in entertainment</a> by <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> She has been listed as one of the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_World%27s_100_Most_Powerful_Women" title="Forbes list of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women">world's 100 most powerful women</a> by Forbes, ranking 14th in 2014 and 31st in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> In 2010, Life magazine named Winfrey one of the 100 people who changed the world, alongside <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Mary_Wortley_Montagu" title="Lady Mary Wortley Montagu">Lady Mary Wortley Montagu</a>. Winfrey was the only living woman to make the list.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> Columnist <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Maureen Dowd</a> seems to agree with such assessments. Interviewed by The Guardian in 2006, Dowd said: "She is the top alpha female in this country. She has more credibility than the president. Other successful women, such as <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martha_Stewart" title="Martha Stewart">Martha Stewart</a>, had to be publicly slapped down before they could move forward. Even <a href="/wiki/Condi" class="mw-redirect" title="Condi">Condi</a> has had to play the protégé with Bush. None of this happened to Oprah – she is a straight ahead success story."<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a> wrote: "Oprah Winfrey arguably has more influence on the culture than any university president, politician, or religious leader, except perhaps the Pope.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_Guide-181">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">Bill O'Reilly</a> said: "this is a woman that came from nothing to rise up to be the most powerful woman, I think, in the world. I think Oprah Winfrey is the most powerful woman in the world, not just in America. That's – anybody who goes on her program immediately benefits through the roof. I mean, she has a loyal following; she has credibility; she has talent; and she's done it on her own to become fabulously wealthy and fabulously powerful."<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> In 2005, Winfrey was named the greatest woman in American history as part of a public poll as part of <a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_American" title="The Greatest American">The Greatest American</a>. She was ranked No. 9 overall on the list of greatest Americans. However, polls estimating Winfrey's personal popularity have been inconsistent. A November 2003 Gallup poll estimated that 73% of American adults had a favorable view of Winfrey. Another Gallup poll in January 2007 estimated the figure at 74%, although it dropped to 66% when Gallup conducted the same poll in October 2007. A December 2007 <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> poll put the figure at 55%.<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Gallup%27s_most_admired_man_and_woman_poll" title="Gallup's most admired man and woman poll">Gallup's annual most admired poll</a>, Americans consistently rank Winfrey as one of the most admired women in the world. Her highest rating came in 2007<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> when she was statistically tied with <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> for first place.<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> In a list compiled by the British magazine <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a> in September 2010, she was voted 38th in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010".<a href="#cite_note-htanna-186">[182]</a> In 1989, she was accepted into the <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="NAACP Image Award">NAACP Image Award</a> Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Oprahfication"">"Oprahfication"</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> coined the term "Oprahfication", meaning public confession as a form of therapy.<a href="#cite_note-Church_of_O-188">[184]</a> By confessing intimate details about her weight problems, tumultuous love life, and sexual abuse, and crying alongside her guests, Winfrey has been credited by Time magazine with creating a new form of media communication known as "rapport talk" as distinguished from the "report talk" of Phil Donahue: "Winfrey saw television's power to blend public and private; while it links strangers and conveys information over public airwaves, TV is most often viewed in the privacy of our homes. Like a family member, it sits down to meals with us and talks to us in the lonely afternoons. Grasping this paradox, ... She makes people care because she cares. That is Winfrey's genius, and will be her legacy, as the changes she has wrought in the talk show continue to permeate our culture and shape our lives."<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> Observers have also noted the "Oprahfication" of politics such as "Oprah-style debates" and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> being described as "the man who brought Oprah-style psychobabble and misty confessions to politics".<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> stated: "Every time a politician lets his lip quiver or a cable anchor 'emotes' on TV, they nod to the cult of confession that Oprah helped create."<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> The November 1988 <a href="/wiki/Ms._(magazine)" title="Ms. (magazine)">Ms.</a> observed that "in a society where fat is taboo, she made it in a medium that worships thin and celebrates a bland, white-bread prettiness of body and personality [...] But Winfrey made fat sexy, elegant – damned near gorgeous – with her drop-dead wardrobe, easy body language, and cheerful sensuality."<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Daytime_talk_show's_impact_on_LGBT_people">Daytime talk show's impact on LGBT people</h4></div> While <a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> has been credited with pioneering the tabloid talk show genre, Winfrey's warmth, intimacy, and personal confession popularized and changed it.<a href="#cite_note-TIME_100_1998-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coming_Afer_Oprah-15">[14]</a> Her success at popularizing the tabloid talk show genre opened up a thriving industry that has included <a href="/wiki/Ricki_Lake_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricki Lake (TV series)">Ricki Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jenny_Jones_Show" title="The Jenny Jones Show">The Jenny Jones Show</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Jerry_Springer_Show" title="The Jerry Springer Show">The Jerry Springer Show</a>. In the book Freaks Talk Back,<a href="#cite_note-FTB_UCPress-193">[189]</a> Yale sociology professor <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Gamson" title="Joshua Gamson">Joshua Gamson</a> credits the tabloid talk show genre with providing much needed high-impact media visibility for gay, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual">transsexual</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> (LGBT) people and doing more to make them mainstream and socially acceptable than any other development of the 20th century. In the book's editorial review, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bronski" title="Michael Bronski">Michael Bronski</a> wrote, "In the recent past, lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgendered people had almost no presence on television. With the invention and propagation of tabloid talk shows such as <a href="/wiki/The_Jerry_Springer_Show" title="The Jerry Springer Show">Jerry Springer</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jenny_Jones_Show" title="The Jenny Jones Show">Jenny Jones</a>, Oprah, and <a href="/wiki/Geraldo_Rivera" title="Geraldo Rivera">Geraldo</a>, people outside the sexual mainstream now appear in living rooms across America almost every day of the week."<a href="#cite_note-FTP_Amazon-194">[190]</a> Gamson credits the tabloid talk show with making alternative sexual orientations and identities more acceptable in mainstream society. Examples include a Time magazine article[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] on early 21st-century gays <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">coming out</a> of the closet at an increasingly younger age and on plummeting <a href="/wiki/Gay_suicide" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay suicide">gay suicide</a> rates. Gamson also believes that tabloid talk shows caused gays to be accepted on more traditional forms of media. In April 1997, Winfrey played the therapist in "<a href="/wiki/The_Puppy_Episode" title="The Puppy Episode">The Puppy Episode</a>" on the sitcom <a href="/wiki/Ellen_(TV_series)" title="Ellen (TV series)">Ellen</a> to whom the character (and the real-life <a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a>) came out as a lesbian. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""The_Oprah_Effect"">"The Oprah Effect"</h3></div> The power of Winfrey's opinions and endorsement to influence public opinion, especially consumer purchasing choices, has been dubbed "the Oprah Effect".<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> The effect has been documented or alleged in domains as diverse as book sales, beef markets, and election voting. Late in 1996,<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> Winfrey introduced the <a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club" title="Oprah's Book Club">Oprah's Book Club</a> segment to her television show. The segment focused on new books and classics and often brought obscure novels to popular attention. The book club became such a powerful force that whenever Winfrey introduced a new book as her book-club selection, it instantly became a best-seller; for example, when she selected the classic <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> novel <a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(novel)" title="East of Eden (novel)">East of Eden</a>, it soared to the top of the book charts. Being recognized by Winfrey often means a million additional book sales for an author.<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> In Reading with Oprah: The Book Club that Changed America (2005), Kathleen Rooney describes Winfrey as "a serious American intellectual who pioneered the use of electronic media, specifically television and the Internet, to take reading – a decidedly non-technological and highly individual act – and highlight its social elements and uses in such a way to motivate millions of erstwhile non-readers to pick up books." When author <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Franzen" title="Jonathan Franzen">Jonathan Franzen</a>'s book was selected for the Book Club, he reportedly "cringed" and said selected books tend to be "schmaltzy".<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> After <a href="/wiki/James_Frey" title="James Frey">James Frey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Million_Little_Pieces" title="A Million Little Pieces">A Million Little Pieces</a> was found to contain fabrications in 2006, Winfrey confronted him on her show over the breach of trust. In 2009, Winfrey apologized to Frey for the public confrontation.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> During a show about <a href="/wiki/Mad_cow_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad cow disease">mad cow disease</a> with <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lyman" title="Howard Lyman">Howard Lyman</a> (aired on April 16, 1996), Winfrey said she was stopped cold from eating another burger. Texas cattlemen sued her and Lyman in early 1998 for "false defamation of perishable food" and "business disparagement," claiming that Winfrey's remarks sent cattle prices tumbling, costing beef producers $11 million. Winfrey was represented by attorney <a href="/wiki/Chip_Babcock" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip Babcock">Chip Babcock</a> and, on February 26, after a two-month trial in an <a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo, Texas</a>, court, a jury found Winfrey and Lyman were not liable for damages.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> Winfrey's ability to launch other successful talk shows such as <a href="/wiki/Dr._Phil_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Phil (TV series)">Dr. Phil</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dr._Oz_Show" title="The Dr. Oz Show">The Dr. Oz Show</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rachael_Ray_(talk_show)" title="Rachael Ray (talk show)">Rachael Ray</a> has also been cited as examples of "The Oprah Effect".<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> Matthew Baum and Angela Jamison performed an experiment testing their hypothesis, "Politically unaware individuals who consume <a href="/wiki/Soft_news" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft news">soft news</a> will be more likely to vote consistently than their counterparts who do not consume soft news".<a href="#cite_note-Baum-2006-203">[199]</a> In their studies, they found that low-awareness individuals who watch soft news shows, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a> are 14% more likely to vote consistently than low-awareness individuals who only watch hard news.<a href="#cite_note-Baum-2006-203">[199]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg/170px-Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg/255px-Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg/340px-Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Winfrey joins <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> on the campaign trail (December 10, 2007).</figcaption></figure> Winfrey states she is a political independent who has "earned the right to think for myself and to vote for myself".<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">She endorsed presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> On September 25, 2006, Winfrey made her first endorsement of Obama for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> on <a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Live" title="Larry King Live">Larry King Live</a>, the first time she endorsed a political candidate running for office.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> Two economists estimate that Winfrey's endorsement was worth over a million votes in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic primary race</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> and that without it, Obama would have lost the nomination.<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> Winfrey held a fundraiser for Obama on September 8, 2007, at her <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a> estate. In December 2007, Winfrey joined Obama for a series of rallies in the early primary states of Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina. The <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, South Carolina</a>, event on December 9, 2007, drew a crowd of nearly 30,000, the largest for any political event of 2007.<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> An analysis by two economists at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland, College Park</a> estimated that Winfrey's endorsement was responsible for between 420,000 and 1,600,000 votes for Obama in the Democratic primary alone, based on a sample of states that did not include Texas, Michigan, North Dakota, Kansas, or Alaska. The results suggest that in the sampled states, Winfrey's endorsement was responsible for the difference in the popular vote between Barack Obama and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> The governor of Illinois, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich" title="Rod Blagojevich">Rod Blagojevich</a>, reported being so impressed by Winfrey's endorsement that he considered offering Winfrey Obama's vacant senate seat, describing Winfrey as "the most instrumental person in electing Barack Obama president," with "a voice larger than all 100 senators combined".<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> Winfrey responded by stating that although she was absolutely not interested, she did feel she could be a senator.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Topps" title="Topps">Topps</a> trading card company memorialized Oprah's involvement in the campaign by featuring her on a card in a set commemorating Obama's road to the White House.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> In April 2014, Winfrey spoke for more than 20 minutes at a <a href="/wiki/Fundraiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundraiser">fundraiser</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>, for Lavern Chatman, a candidate in a <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary</a> to nominate a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> candidate for election to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>. Winfrey participated in the event even after reports had revealed that Chatman had been found liable in 2001 for her role in a scheme to defraud hundreds of <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> nursing-home employees of at least $1.4 million in owed wages.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-216">[212]</a> Winfrey endorsed <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 election</a>, and referred to <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> as a "demagogue".<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> In 2018, Winfrey canvassed door-to-door for <a href="/wiki/Georgia_gubernatorial_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia gubernatorial election, 2018">Georgia gubernatorial</a> Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Stacey_Abrams" title="Stacey Abrams">Stacey Abrams</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> and donated $500,000 to the <a href="/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives" title="March for Our Lives">March for Our Lives</a> student demonstration in favor of gun control in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> Winfrey has at times been the subject of media speculation that she may run for president herself, most notably in the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a> in which some reports claimed that she was actively considering launching a campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic nomination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> Winfrey ultimately denied any plans to run for president, saying in 2018 that while it was "a humbling thing to have people think you can run the country", she "would not be able to do it. It's not a clean business. It would kill me."<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> Winfrey suggested that she would publicly endorse a candidate in the 2020 Democratic primaries, however she ultimately did not do so.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> She later campaigned for <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> during the general election.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> In early 2018, Winfrey met with <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a>, the crown prince and de facto ruler of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, when he visited the United States.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Swearing_In_(52643733982).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Public_Swearing_In_%2852643733982%29.jpg/220px-Public_Swearing_In_%2852643733982%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Public_Swearing_In_%2852643733982%29.jpg/330px-Public_Swearing_In_%2852643733982%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Public_Swearing_In_%2852643733982%29.jpg/440px-Public_Swearing_In_%2852643733982%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Winfrey speaking at Maryland Governor Moore's inauguration, 2023</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2022 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania">2022 Pennsylvania Senate election</a>, Winfrey endorsed <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Fetterman" title="John Fetterman">John Fetterman</a> over <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a>, whose show she promoted.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Maryland gubernatorial election">2022 Maryland gubernatorial election</a>, she endorsed Baltimore author <a href="/wiki/Wes_Moore" title="Wes Moore">Wes Moore</a> in the Democratic primary, co-hosting a virtual fundraiser for him in June.<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> Winfrey later attended and spoke at Moore's gubernatorial inauguration on January 18, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> In 2022, Winfrey set up OWN Your Vote, a nonpartisan group dedicated to voter registration and a get-out-the-vote campaign focused on providing Black women with tools and resources to vote in the November election.<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> Their partners include <a href="/wiki/Advancement_Project" title="Advancement Project">Advancement Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a> (AME), <a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color Of Change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Theta_Sorority" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta Sigma Theta Sorority">Delta Sigma Theta Sorority</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_King_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The King Center">The King Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawyers%27_Committee_for_Civil_Rights_Under_Law" title="Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law">The Lawyers' Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Legal_Defense_and_Educational_Fund" title="NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund">NAACP</a> Legal Defense and Educational Fund, <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Network" title="National Action Network">National Action Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Bar_Association" title="National Bar Association">National Bar Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Gamma_Rho" title="Sigma Gamma Rho">Sigma Gamma Rho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/VoteRunLead" title="VoteRunLead">VoteRunLead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vote.org" title="Vote.org">Vote.org</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> On August 21, 2024, Winfrey endorsed <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 Democratic National Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiritual_leadership">Spiritual leadership</h3></div> In 2000, she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a> published an article called "The Church of O" in which they concluded that Winfrey had emerged as an influential spiritual leader. "Since 1994, when she abandoned traditional talk-show fare for more edifying content, and 1998, when she began 'Change Your Life TV', Oprah's most significant role has become that of a spiritual leader. To her audience of more than 22 million mostly female viewers, she has become a postmodern priestess—an icon of church-free spirituality."<a href="#cite_note-Church_of_O-188">[184]</a> The sentiment was echoed by Marcia Z. Nelson in her book The Gospel According to Oprah.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> Since the mid-1990s, Winfrey's show has emphasized uplifting and inspirational topics and themes and some viewers say the show has motivated them to perform acts of altruism such as helping <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congolese</a> women and building an orphanage.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> A scientific study by psychological scientists at the University of Cambridge, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">University of Plymouth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> used an uplifting clip from The Oprah Winfrey Show in an experiment that discovered that watching the 'uplifting' clip caused subjects to become twice as helpful as subjects assigned to watch a British comedy or nature documentary.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> In 1998, Winfrey began an ongoing conversation with <a href="/wiki/Gary_Zukav" title="Gary Zukav">Gary Zukav</a>, an American spiritual teacher, who appeared on her television show 35 times.<a href="#cite_note-PubWeekly-245">[241]</a> Winfrey has said she keeps a copy of Zukav's The Seat of the Soul at her bedside, a book that she says is one of her all-time favorites.<a href="#cite_note-OprahWinfreyShow-246">[242]</a> On the season premiere of Winfrey's 13th season, <a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a> told Winfrey "you're the African Mother Goddess of us all" inspiring much enthusiasm from the studio audience. The animated series <a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a> alluded to her spiritual influence by suggesting that "Oprahism" is a mainstream religion in 3000 AD.<a href="#cite_note-Gospel-247">[243]</a> Twelve days after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, New York mayor <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> asked Winfrey to serve as host of a Prayer for America service at New York City's <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a>, which was attended by former president <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> and New York senator <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> Leading up to the U.S.-led <a href="/wiki/2001_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 invasion of Afghanistan">2001 invasion of Afghanistan</a>, less than a month after the September 11 attacks, Winfrey aired a controversial show called "Islam 101" in which she portrayed Islam as a <a href="/wiki/Religion_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of peace">religion of peace</a>, calling it "the most misunderstood of the three major religions".<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> invited Winfrey to join a US delegation that included adviser <a href="/wiki/Karen_Hughes" title="Karen Hughes">Karen Hughes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>, planning to go to Afghanistan to celebrate the return of Afghan girls to school. The "Oprah strategy" was designed to portray the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a> in a positive light; however, when Winfrey refused to participate, the trip was postponed.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> Leading up to the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">U.S.-led invasion</a> of Iraq, Winfrey's show received criticism for allegedly having an <a href="/wiki/Anti-war" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war">anti-war</a> bias. <a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Ben Shapiro</a> of <a href="/wiki/Townhall.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Townhall.com">Townhall.com</a> wrote: "Oprah Winfrey is the most powerful woman in America. She decides what makes The New York Times Best Seller lists. Her touchy-feely style sucks in audiences at the rate of 14 million viewers per day. But Oprah is far more than a cultural force, she's a dangerous political force as well, a woman with unpredictable and mercurial attitudes toward the major issues of the day."<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> In 2006, Winfrey recalled such controversies: "I once did a show titled Is War the Only Answer? In the history of my career, I've never received more hate mail – like 'Go back to Africa' hate mail. I was accused of being un-American for even raising the question."<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> Filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a> came to Winfrey's defense, praising her for showing antiwar footage no other media would show<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore200387-253">[249]</a> and begging her to run for president.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2003255–258-254">[250]</a> A February 2003 series, in which Winfrey showed clips from people all over the world asking America not to go to war, was interrupted in several East Coast markets by network broadcasts of a press conference in which President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> summarized the case for war.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> In 2007, Winfrey began to endorse the self-help program <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_(2006_film)" title="The Secret (2006 film)">The Secret</a>. The Secret claims that people can change their lives through positive thoughts or 'vibrations', which will then cause them to attract more positive vibrations that result in good things happening to them. Peter Birkenhead of <a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a> magazine argued that this idea is <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a> and psychologically damaging, as it trivializes important decisions and promotes a quick-fix material culture, and suggests Winfrey's promotion of it is irresponsible given her influence.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> In 2007, skeptic and magician <a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a> accused Winfrey of being deliberately deceptive and uncritical in how she handles paranormal claims on her show.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> In 2008, Winfrey endorsed author and spiritual teacher <a href="/wiki/Eckhart_Tolle" title="Eckhart Tolle">Eckhart Tolle</a> and his book, <a href="/wiki/A_New_Earth:_Awakening_to_Your_Life%27s_Purpose" class="mw-redirect" title="A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose">A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose</a>, which sold several million extra copies after being selected for her book club. During a Webinar class, in which she promoted the book, Winfrey stated "God is a feeling experience and not a believing experience. If your religion is a believing experience [...] then that's not truly God."<a href="#cite_note-ChPost2008-04-23-259">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Pastore" title="Frank Pastore">Frank Pastore</a>, a Christian radio talk show host on KKLA, was among the many Christian leaders who criticized Winfrey's views, saying "if she's a Christian, she's an ignorant one because Christianity is incompatible with <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> thought".<a href="#cite_note-ChPost2008-04-23-259">[255]</a> Winfrey was named as the 2008 Person of the Year by animal-rights group <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA) for using her fame and listening audience to help the less fortunate, including animals. PETA praised Winfrey for using her talk show to uncover horrific cases of cruelty to animals in <a href="/wiki/Puppy_mill" title="Puppy mill">puppy mills</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Factory_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Factory farms">factory farms</a>, and Winfrey even used the show to highlight the cruelty-free vegan diet that she tried.<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oprah_Winfrey_in_Str%C3%B8get,_Denmark_on_30_September_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Oprah_Winfrey_in_Str%C3%B8get%2C_Denmark_on_30_September_2009.jpg/220px-Oprah_Winfrey_in_Str%C3%B8get%2C_Denmark_on_30_September_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Oprah_Winfrey_in_Str%C3%B8get%2C_Denmark_on_30_September_2009.jpg/330px-Oprah_Winfrey_in_Str%C3%B8get%2C_Denmark_on_30_September_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Oprah_Winfrey_in_Str%C3%B8get%2C_Denmark_on_30_September_2009.jpg/440px-Oprah_Winfrey_in_Str%C3%B8get%2C_Denmark_on_30_September_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Winfrey filming in Denmark in 2009</figcaption></figure> In 2009, Winfrey filmed a series of interviews in Denmark highlighting its citizens as the happiest people in the world. In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">Bill O'Reilly</a> of Fox News criticized these shows for promoting a left-wing society.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> Following the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Super_Soul_Sunday" title="Super Soul Sunday">Super Soul Sunday</a> and SuperSoul Sessions programs on <a href="/wiki/Harpo_Productions" title="Harpo Productions">Harpo Productions'</a> SuperSoul TV, in 2016 Winfrey selected 100 people for the SuperSoul 100 list of "innovators and visionaries who are aligned on a mission to move humanity forward".<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> On using the <a href="/wiki/Nigger#The_N-word_euphemism" title="Nigger">N-word</a>, Winfrey said, "You cannot be my friend and use that word around me. ... I always think of the...people who heard that as their last word as they were <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">hanging from a tree</a>."<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fan_base">Fan base</h3></div> The viewership for The Oprah Winfrey Show was highest during the 1991–92 season, when about 13.1 million U.S. viewers were watching each day. By 2003, ratings declined to 7.4 million daily viewers.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> Ratings briefly rebounded to approximately 9 million in 2005 and then declined again to around 7.3 million viewers in 2008, though it remained the highest-rated talk show.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> In 2008, Winfrey's show was airing in 140 countries internationally and seen by an estimated 46 million people in the US weekly.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Harris_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris poll">Harris poll</a>, Winfrey was America's favorite television personality in 1998, 2000, 2002–06, and 2009. Winfrey was especially popular among women, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a>, political moderates, <a href="/wiki/Baby_Boomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby Boomer">Baby Boomers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generation_X" title="Generation X">Generation X</a>, Southern Americans, and East Coast Americans.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> Outside the U.S., Winfrey has become increasingly popular in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>. The Wall Street Journal reported in 2007 that <a href="/wiki/MBC_4" title="MBC 4">MBC 4</a>, an Arab satellite channel, centered its entire programming around reruns of her show because it was drawing record numbers of female viewers in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that The Oprah Winfrey Show, with Arabic subtitles, was broadcast twice each weekday on <a href="/wiki/MBC_4" title="MBC 4">MBC 4</a>. Winfrey's modest dress, combined with her attitude of triumph over adversity and abuse has caused some women in Saudi Arabia to idealize her.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_15330_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-09-2005_in_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/FEMA_-_15330_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-09-2005_in_Texas.jpg/220px-FEMA_-_15330_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-09-2005_in_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/FEMA_-_15330_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-09-2005_in_Texas.jpg/330px-FEMA_-_15330_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-09-2005_in_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/FEMA_-_15330_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-09-2005_in_Texas.jpg/440px-FEMA_-_15330_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-09-2005_in_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1771" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Winfrey visits evacuees from <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> temporarily sheltered at the Reliant center in Houston following <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 2004, Winfrey became the first black person to rank among the 50 most generous Americans<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a> and she remained among the top 50 until 2010.<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> By 2012, she had given away about $400 million to educational causes.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> As of 2012, Winfrey had also given over 400 scholarships to <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a> in Atlanta, Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-155">[152]</a> Winfrey was the recipient of the first <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope_Humanitarian_Award" title="Bob Hope Humanitarian Award">Bob Hope Humanitarian Award</a> at the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Awards" title="Emmy Awards">Emmy Awards</a> for services to television and film. To celebrate two decades on national TV, and to thank her employees for their hard work, Winfrey took her staff and their families (1,065 people in total) on vacation to Hawaii in the summer of 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Oprah's_Back-275">[271]</a> In 2013, Winfrey donated $12 million to the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> awarded her the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> later that same year.<a href="#cite_note-Medal_of_Honor-277">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oprah's_Angel_Network">Oprah's Angel Network</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Angel_Network" title="Oprah's Angel Network">Oprah's Angel Network</a></div> In 1998, Winfrey created Oprah's Angel Network, a charity that supported charitable projects and provided grants to nonprofit organizations around the world. Oprah's Angel Network raised more than $80 million ($1 million of which was donated by <a href="/wiki/Jon_Bon_Jovi" title="Jon Bon Jovi">Jon Bon Jovi</a>). Winfrey personally covered all administrative costs associated with the charity, so 100% of all funds raised went to charity programs. In May 2010, with Oprah's show ending, the charity stopped accepting donations and was shut down.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Leadership_Academy_for_Girls" title="Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls">Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls</a></div> In 2004, Winfrey and her team filmed an episode of her show, "Oprah's Christmas Kindness", in which Winfrey travelled to South Africa to bring attention to the plight of young children affected by poverty and AIDS. During the 21-day trip, Winfrey and her crew visited schools and orphanages in poverty-stricken areas, and distributed Christmas presents to 50,000 children,<a href="#cite_note-Christmas_Kindness-280">[276]</a> with dolls for the girls and soccer balls for the boys, and school supplies. Throughout the show, Winfrey appealed to viewers to donate money to Oprah's Angel Network for poor and AIDS-affected children in Africa. From that show alone, viewers around the world donated over $7 million. Winfrey invested $40 million and some of her time establishing the <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Leadership_Academy_for_Girls" title="Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls">Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls</a> in <a href="/wiki/Henley_on_Klip" title="Henley on Klip">Henley on Klip</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa. The school, set over 22 acres, opened in January 2007 with an enrollment of 150 pupils (increasing to 450) and features state-of-the-art classrooms, computer and science laboratories, a library, a theatre, and a beauty salon. <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> praised Winfrey for overcoming her own disadvantaged youth to become a benefactor for others. Critics considered the school elitist and unnecessarily luxurious.<a href="#cite_note-timesonline-281">[277]</a> Winfrey rejected the claims, saying: "If you are surrounded by beautiful things and wonderful teachers who inspire you, that beauty brings out the beauty in you."<a href="#cite_note-timesonline-281">[277]</a> Winfrey, who has no surviving biological children, described maternal feelings towards the girls at Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls.<a href="#cite_note-Samuels-282">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> Winfrey teaches a class at the school via satellite.<a href="#cite_note-Samuels-282">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_works_of_Oprah_Winfrey" title="Media works of Oprah Winfrey">Media works of Oprah Winfrey</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-BLP_sources_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. 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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_actress">As actress</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:60px;">Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th style="width:150px;">Role </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(1985_film)" title="The Color Purple (1985 film)">The Color Purple</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> </td> <td>Sofia<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> </td> <td>Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Supporting_Role" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role">Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role</a> Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture">Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture</a> Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress">Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Son_(1986_film)" title="Native Son (1986 film)">Native Son</a> </td> <td>Mrs. Thomas<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Women_of_Brewster_Place_(miniseries)" title="The Women of Brewster Place (miniseries)">The Women of Brewster Place</a> </td> <td>Mattie Michael<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> </td> <td>TV miniseries </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Place" title="Brewster Place">Brewster Place</a> </td> <td>Mattie Michael<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> </td> <td>TV series </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1992 </td> <td>Lincoln </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Keckley" title="Elizabeth Keckley">Elizabeth Keckley</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> </td> <td>Voice role; TV movie (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/There_Are_No_Children_Here" title="There Are No Children Here">There Are No Children Here</a> </td> <td>LaJoe Rivers<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a> </td> <td>TV movie (ABC) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellen_(TV_series)" title="Ellen (TV series)">Ellen</a> </td> <td>Therapist </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Puppy_Episode" title="The Puppy Episode">The Puppy Episode</a>: Part 1" (#4.22) "Part 2" (#4.23) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Before_Women_Had_Wings" title="Before Women Had Wings">Before Women Had Wings</a> </td> <td>Zora Williams </td> <td>TV movie (ABC) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beloved_(1998_film)" title="Beloved (1998 film)">Beloved</a> </td> <td>Sethe </td> <td>Producer; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Our_Friend,_Martin" title="Our Friend, Martin">Our Friend, Martin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a> </td> <td>Voice role; Direct-to-video film </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte%27s_Web_(2006_film)" title="Charlotte's Web (2006 film)">Charlotte's Web</a> </td> <td>Gussy the Goose </td> <td rowspan="3">Voice role </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bee_Movie" title="Bee Movie">Bee Movie</a> </td> <td>Judge Bumbleton </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_and_the_Frog" title="The Princess and the Frog">The Princess and the Frog</a> </td> <td>Eudora </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a> </td> <td>O </td> <td>Voice role; "The Camouflage Challenge" </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Butler" title="The Butler">The Butler</a> </td> <td>Gloria Gaines </td> <td><a href="/wiki/African-American_Film_Critics_Association" title="African-American Film Critics Association">African-American Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress</a>; <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_International_Film_Festival" title="Santa Barbara International Film Festival">Santa Barbara International Film Festival — Montecito Award</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Black_Reel_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actress">Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actress</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress">Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress</a>; Nominated – Denver Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture</a>; Nominated – Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture">Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Female_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role">Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Cast_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture">Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)">Selma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annie_Lee_Cooper" title="Annie Lee Cooper">Annie Lee Cooper</a> </td> <td>Producer; <a href="/wiki/Women_Film_Critics_Circle" title="Women Film Critics Circle">Women Film Critics Circle Award for Best Female Action Star</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Independent Spirit Award for Best Film">Independent Spirit Award for Best Film</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016–17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenleaf_(TV_series)" title="Greenleaf (TV series)">Greenleaf</a> </td> <td>Mavis McCready </td> <td>TV series; Executive producer </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Immortal_Life_of_Henrietta_Lacks_(film)" title="The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (film)">The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Deborah Lacks</a> </td> <td>TV movie; Executive producer; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Television_Movie,_Mini-Series_or_Dramatic_Special" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special</a>; Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Television_Movie" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie">Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(2017_film)" title="The Star (2017 film)">The Star</a> </td> <td>Deborah the Camel </td> <td>Voice role<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Wrinkle_in_Time_(2018_film)" title="A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)">A Wrinkle in Time</a> </td> <td>Mrs. Which </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crow: The Legend </td> <td>The One Who Creates Everything by Thinking </td> <td rowspan="2">Voice role<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-hand-294">[290]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018–19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale_(TV_series)" title="The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)">The Handmaid's Tale</a> </td> <td>Radio Free America Announcer </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Six_Triple_Eight" title="The Six Triple Eight">The Six Triple Eight</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a> </td> <td>Filming<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_herself">As herself</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:60px;">Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th style="width:150px;">Role </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> </td> <td>Herself (host) </td> <td>Episode: "Oprah Winfrey/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Jackson_(musician)" title="Joe Jackson (musician)">Joe Jackson</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986–2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a> </td> <td rowspan="7">Herself </td> <td>Television talk show </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Throw_Momma_from_the_Train" title="Throw Momma from the Train">Throw Momma from the Train</a> </td> <td>Film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Fire" title="Gabriel's Fire">Gabriel's Fire</a> </td> <td>Episode: "Tis the Season" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air" title="The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air">The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air</a> </td> <td>Episode: "A Night at the Oprah" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/All-American_Girl_(TV_series)" title="All-American Girl (TV series)">All-American Girl</a> </td> <td>Episode: "A Night at the Oprah" </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Home_Improvement_(TV_series)" title="Home Improvement (TV series)">Home Improvement</a> </td> <td>Episode: "Home Alone" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Hughleys" title="The Hughleys">The Hughleys</a> </td> <td>Episode: "Milsap Moves Up" </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Desperate_Housewives" title="Desperate Housewives">Desperate Housewives</a>: Oprah Winfrey Is the New Neighbor </td> <td>Herself, Karen Stouffer </td> <td>Segment for The Oprah Winfrey Show, aired February 3, 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean%27s_Thirteen" title="Ocean's Thirteen">Ocean's Thirteen</a> </td> <td>Herself </td> <td>Film </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/30_Rock" title="30 Rock">30 Rock</a> </td> <td>Herself/Pam </td> <td>Episode: "<a href="/wiki/Believe_in_the_Stars" title="Believe in the Stars">Believe in the Stars</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Master_Class" title="Oprah's Master Class">Oprah's Master Class</a> </td> <td rowspan="15">Herself </td> <td>OWN reality show </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Lifeclass" title="Oprah's Lifeclass">Oprah's Lifeclass</a> </td> <td>OWN self-help show </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Super_Soul_Sunday" title="Super Soul Sunday">Super Soul Sunday</a> </td> <td>OWN spirituality show </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012–15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Prime" title="Oprah Prime">Oprah Prime</a> </td> <td>OWN interview show </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012–17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oprah:_Where_Are_They_Now%3F" title="Oprah: Where Are They Now?">Oprah: Where Are They Now?</a> </td> <td>OWN reality show </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Beautiful_Day_in_the_Neighborhood" title="A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood">A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood</a> </td> <td>Archive footage </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club_(TV_series)" title="Oprah's Book Club (TV series)">Oprah's Book Club</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a> book club show </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020–present </td> <td>Oprah Talks <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> </td> <td>Apple TV+ interview show </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020–present </td> <td>The Oprah Conversation </td> <td>Apple TV+ talk show </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Between_the_World_and_Me" title="Between the World and Me">Between the World and Me</a> </td> <td>HBO Special - adaptation of the book </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tina_(2021_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tina (2021 film)">Tina</a> </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oprah_with_Meghan_and_Harry" title="Oprah with Meghan and Harry">Oprah with Meghan and Harry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> Primetime Special </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Me_You_Can%27t_See" title="The Me You Can't See">The Me You Can't See</a> </td> <td>Apple TV+ docuseries </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adele_One_Night_Only" title="Adele One Night Only">Adele One Night Only</a> </td> <td>CBS Primetime Special </td></tr> <tr> <td>TBD </td> <td>Oprah Winfrey Documentary </td> <td>Apple TV+<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_producer_only">As producer only</h3></div> <ul><li>1989 – <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a> (supervising producer – 8 episodes, 1989–2011)</li> <li>1989 – <a href="/wiki/The_Women_of_Brewster_Place_(miniseries)" title="The Women of Brewster Place (miniseries)">The Women of Brewster Place</a> (TV miniseries) (executive producer)</li> <li>1992 – Nine (TV documentary) (executive producer)</li> <li>1992 – Overexposed (TV movie) (executive producer)</li> <li>1993 – <a href="/wiki/ABC_Afterschool_Special" title="ABC Afterschool Special">ABC Afterschool Special</a> (TV series) (producer – 1 episode "Shades of a Single Protein") (producer)</li> <li>1993 – Michael Jackson Talks to... Oprah Live (TV special) (executive producer)</li> <li>1997 – <a href="/wiki/Before_Women_Had_Wings" title="Before Women Had Wings">Before Women Had Wings</a> (TV movie) (producer)</li> <li>1998 – <a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_(miniseries)" title="The Wedding (miniseries)">The Wedding</a> (TV miniseries) (executive producer)</li> <li>1998 – <a href="/wiki/Beloved_(1998_film)" title="Beloved (1998 film)">Beloved</a> (producer)</li> <li>1998 – <a href="/wiki/David_and_Lisa" title="David and Lisa">David and Lisa</a> (TV movie) (executive producer)</li> <li>1999 – <a href="/wiki/Tuesdays_with_Morrie_(film)" title="Tuesdays with Morrie (film)">Tuesdays with Morrie</a> (TV movie) (executive producer)</li> <li>2001 – Amy & Isabelle (TV movie) (executive producer, producer)</li> <li>2002 – <a href="/wiki/Oprah_After_the_Show" title="Oprah After the Show">Oprah After the Show</a> (TV series) (executive producer)</li> <li>2005 – <a href="/wiki/Their_Eyes_Were_Watching_God" title="Their Eyes Were Watching God">Their Eyes Were Watching God</a> (TV movie) (executive producer)</li> <li>2006 – Legends Ball (TV documentary) (executive producer)</li> <li>2007 – <a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Big_Give" title="Oprah's Big Give">Oprah's Big Give</a> (TV series) (executive producer)</li> <li>2007 – The Oprah Winfrey Oscar Special (TV movie) (executive producer)</li> <li>2007 – Building a Dream: The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy (TV documentary) (executive producer)</li> <li>2007 – Oprah Winfrey Presents: Mitch Albom's For One More Day (TV movie) (executive producer)</li> <li>2007 – <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Debaters" title="The Great Debaters">The Great Debaters</a> (producer)</li> <li>2009 – <a href="/wiki/The_Dr._Oz_Show" title="The Dr. Oz Show">The Dr. Oz Show</a> (TV series) (executive producer)</li> <li>2009 – <a href="/wiki/Precious_(film)" title="Precious (film)">Precious</a> (executive producer)</li> <li>2009 – Christmas at the White House: An Oprah Primetime Special (TV special) (executive producer)</li> <li>2010 – The Oprah Winfrey Oscar Special (TV movie) (executive producer)</li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/Your_OWN_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Your OWN Show">Your OWN Show</a> (TV series) (executive producer)</li> <li>2011 – Extraordinary Mom (TV documentary) (executive producer)</li> <li>2011 – Serving Life (TV documentary) (executive producer)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/The_Hundred-Foot_Journey_(film)" title="The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)">The Hundred-Foot Journey</a> (producer)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)">Selma</a> (producer)</li> <li>2016–present – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Sugar" title="Queen Sugar">Queen Sugar</a><a href="#cite_note-ddl-297">[293]</a> (co-creator and executive producer)</li> <li>2016–2020 – <a href="/wiki/Greenleaf_(TV_series)" title="Greenleaf (TV series)">Greenleaf</a> (executive producer)</li> <li>2017 – <a href="/wiki/The_Immortal_Life_of_Henrietta_Lacks_(film)" title="The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (film)">The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks</a> (TV movie) (executive producer)</li> <li>2018 – <a href="/wiki/Love_Is_(TV_series)" title="Love Is (TV series)">Love Is</a> (executive producer)<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a></li> <li>2019 – <a href="/wiki/When_They_See_Us" title="When They See Us">When They See Us</a> (executive producer)</li> <li>2019 – Oprah Winfrey Presents: After Neverland (executive producer)</li> <li>2019 – <a href="/wiki/David_Makes_Man" title="David Makes Man">David Makes Man</a> (executive producer)</li> <li>2020 – <a href="/wiki/The_Water_Man_(film)" title="The Water Man (film)">The Water Man</a> (executive producer)<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a></li> <li>2022 – <a href="/wiki/Sidney_(film)" title="Sidney (film)">Sidney</a> (documentary film) (producer)</li> <li>2023 – <a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(2023_film)" title="The Color Purple (2023 film)">The Color Purple</a> (producer)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> By Oprah Winfrey <ul><li>Winfrey, Oprah (1996). The Uncommon Wisdom of Oprah Winfrey: A Portrait in Her Own Words</li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (1998). Journey to Beloved (Photography by Ken Regan)</li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (1998). Make the Connection: Ten Steps to a Better Body and a Better Life (co-authored with Bob Greene)</li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (2000). Oprah Winfrey: The Soul and Spirit of a Superstar</li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (2014). What I Know for Sure</li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (2016). Mr. or Ms. Just Right (co-authored with B. Grace)</li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (2017). Food, Health and Happiness</li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (2017). The Wisdom of Sundays: Life-Changing Insights from Super Soul Conversations <ul><li>Winfrey, Oprah (2017). The Wisdom Journal: The Companion to The Wisdom of Sundays</li></ul></li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (2019). The Path Made Clear: Discovering Your Life's Direction and Purpose</li> <li>Winfrey, Oprah (2021). What Happened to You?: Conversations on Trauma, Resilience, and Healing (co-authored with B. Perry)</li></ul> About Oprah Winfrey <ul><li>Mair, George (2001). Oprah Winfrey: The Real Story. Citadel Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55972-250-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55972-250-9">1-55972-250-9</a>.</li> <li>Cooper, Irene (2007). Oprah Winfrey. Viking. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-06162-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-06162-X">0-670-06162-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards,_honors,_and_recognition">Awards, honors, and recognition</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Oprah_Winfrey" title="List of awards and nominations received by Oprah Winfrey">List of awards and nominations received by Oprah Winfrey</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association_Honorary_Membership" title="American Library Association Honorary Membership">American Library Association Honorary Membership</a> (1997)</li></ul> <ul><li>Honorary degrees<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> from: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell" title="University of Massachusetts Lowell">University of Massachusetts Lowell</a>,<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Free_State" title="University of the Free State">University of the Free State</a>,<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_University" title="Tennessee State University">Tennessee State University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spelman_College" title="Spelman College">Spelman College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colorado_College" title="Colorado College">Colorado College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a> <a href="/wiki/Skidmore_College" title="Skidmore College">Skidmore College</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Mural including her image by Shawn Michael Warren in Chicago (painted in 2020)<a href="#cite_note-auto-309">[305]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Portrait of her by Shawn Michael Warren for the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a> (unveiled in 2023)<a href="#cite_note-auto-309">[305]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">African Americans in Mississippi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-A_of_A-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_of_A_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_of_A_3-1">b</a> Winfrey has said in interviews that 'my name had been chosen from the Bible. My Aunt Ida had chosen the name, but nobody really knew how to spell it, so it went down as "<a href="/wiki/Orpah" title="Orpah">Orpah</a>" on my birth certificate, but people didn't know how to pronounce it, so they put the "P" before the "R" in every place else other than the birth certificate. On the birth certificate it is Orpah, but then it got translated to Oprah, so here we are.'<a href="#cite_note-AofA-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Mississippi farmer and World War II Veteran Noah Robinson Sr. (born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1925) has claimed to be Winfrey's biological father.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> A genetic claim to be Native American is much less reliable than a finding about other ancestries. In general, Native American tribes have rejected this type of genetic information in considering membership. No genetic tests can definitively prove Native American ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Forbes magazine says there are only 10 self-made women billionaires in the world and Winfrey is the richest of the 4 listed as U.S. billionaires.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/oprah-winfrey-in-melbourne-for-australian-tour-2015-spreads-a-message-of-love-reveals-lost-child/news-story/88f87e6fe05a940399db9450a876cfab">"Oprah Winfrey in Melbourne for Australian tour 2015 spreads a message of love, reveals lost child"</a>. News.com.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170926100558/http://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/oprah-winfrey-in-melbourne-for-australian-tour-2015-spreads-a-message-of-love-reveals-lost-child/news-story/88f87e6fe05a940399db9450a876cfab">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey+in+Melbourne+for+Australian+tour+2015+spreads+a+message+of+love%2C+reveals+lost+child&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fvictoria%2Foprah-winfrey-in-melbourne-for-australian-tour-2015-spreads-a-message-of-love-reveals-lost-child%2Fnews-story%2F88f87e6fe05a940399db9450a876cfab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AofA-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AofA_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AofA_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.achievement.org/achiever/oprah-winfrey/#interview">"Oprah Winfrey Interview"</a>. Oprah Winfrey. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">Academy of Achievement</a>. February 21, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111113201/https://achievement.org/achiever/oprah-winfrey/#interview">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oprah+Winfrey&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey+Interview&rft.date=1991-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.achievement.org%2Fachiever%2Foprah-winfrey%2F%23interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010_contract-4"><a href="#cite_ref-2010_contract_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210090815/http://www.kingworld.com/release/oprah_winfrey.html">"Oprah Winfrey signs with King World Productions for new three-year contract to continue as host and producer of "The Oprah Winfrey Show" through 2010–2011"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/King_World_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="King World Productions">King World Productions</a>. August 4, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingworld.com/release/oprah_winfrey.html">the original</a> on February 10, 2007. Retrieved September 24, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oprah+Winfrey+signs+with+King+World+Productions+for+new+three-year+contract+to+continue+as+host+and+producer+of+%22The+Oprah+Winfrey+Show%22+through+2010%E2%80%932011&rft.pub=King+World+Productions&rft.date=2004-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingworld.com%2Frelease%2Foprah_winfrey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biography-2021-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biography-2021_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biography-2021_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/media-figure/oprah-winfrey">"Oprah Winfrey"</a>. Biography. February 17, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305202404/https://www.biography.com/media-figure/oprah-winfrey">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2022. Retrieved March 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey&rft.date=2021-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fmedia-figure%2Foprah-winfrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOswald2010" class="citation news cs1">Oswald, Brad (January 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/yes-shes-queen-of-all-media-but-to-discovery-shes-life-itself-82678662.html">"Yes, she's Queen of all Media, but to Discovery, she's Life itself"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press" title="Winnipeg Free Press">Winnipeg Free Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220106161814/https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/yes-shes-queen-of-all-media-but-to-discovery-shes-life-itself-82678662.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Yes%2C+she%27s+Queen+of+all+Media%2C+but+to+Discovery%2C+she%27s+Life+itself&rft.date=2010-01-26&rft.aulast=Oswald&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fyes-shes-queen-of-all-media-but-to-discovery-shes-life-itself-82678662.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenenbergRoscoe2016" class="citation book cs1">Denenberg, Dennis; Roscoe, Lorraine (September 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ulC6DAAAQBAJ&q=oprah+richest+african+of+the+20th+century&pg=PA104">50 American Heroes Every Kid Should Meet</a> (2nd Revised ed.). <a href="/wiki/Millbrook_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Millbrook Press">Millbrook Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5124-1329-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5124-1329-8"><bdi>978-1-5124-1329-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607162806/https://books.google.com/books?id=ulC6DAAAQBAJ&q=oprah+richest+african+of+the+20th+century&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q=oprah%20richest%20african%20of%20the%2020th%20century&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. 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Crown. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307382382" title="Special:BookSources/9780307382382"><bdi>9780307382382</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finding+Oprah%27s+Roots%3A+Finding+Your+Own&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2023-12-30&rft.isbn=9780307382382&rft.au=Henry+Louis+Gates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffindingoprahsroo00gate%2Fpage%2F153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826161235/http://genealogy.about.com/od/aframertrees/p/oprah_winfrey.htm">"Ancestry of Oprah Winfrey"</a>. 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Krohn. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58013-571-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58013-571-9"><bdi>978-1-58013-571-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715230112/https://books.google.com/books?id=NttdSpnjedgC&dq=oprah+grandmother+hit+switch&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2023. 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She Has a Half-Sister"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Oprah+Secret+Half+Sister/4156107/story.html">the original</a> on January 27, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Oprah%27s+Big+Secret%3F+She+Has+a+Half-Sister&rft.date=2011-01-24&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fentertainment%2FOprah%2BSecret%2BHalf%2BSister%2F4156107%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-halfsisterusatoday-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-halfsisterusatoday_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-halfsisterusatoday_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldenburg2011" class="citation web cs1">Oldenburg, Ann (January 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110126021234/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2011/01/oprahs-secret-is-out/1">"Oprah's Secret Is Out!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2011/01/oprahs-secret-is-out/1">the original</a> on January 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Oprah%27s+Secret+Is+Out%21&rft.date=2011-01-24&rft.aulast=Oldenburg&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.usatoday.com%2Fcommunities%2Fentertainment%2Fpost%2F2011%2F01%2Foprahs-secret-is-out%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spirituality_According_to_Oprah-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spirituality_According_to_Oprah_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spirituality_According_to_Oprah_43-1">b</a> Barbranda Lumpkins Walls, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aarp.org/entertainment/style-trends/info-2015/oprah-winfrey-belief-series.html">Spirituality According to Oprah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410193718/https://www.aarp.org/entertainment/style-trends/info-2015/oprah-winfrey-belief-series.html">Archived</a> April 10, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, aarp.org, USA, November 9, 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinfrey1986" class="citation news cs1">Winfrey, Lee (September 7, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97010510/talking-her-way-to-tv-stardom/">"Talking her way to TV stardom"</a>. The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. TV Week 4, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97010567/">51</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306015345/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97010510/talking-her-way-to-tv-stardom/">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Talking+her+way+to+TV+stardom&rft.pages=TV+Week+4%2C+51&rft.date=1986-09-07&rft.aulast=Winfrey&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F97010510%2Ftalking-her-way-to-tv-stardom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1986" class="citation news cs1">Morgan, Thomas (March 4, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/04/movies/troubled-girl-s-evolution-into-an-oscar-nominee.html">"Troubled Girl's Evolution into an Oscar Nominee"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203151545/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/04/movies/troubled-girl-s-evolution-into-an-oscar-nominee.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Troubled+Girl%27s+Evolution+into+an+Oscar+Nominee&rft.date=1986-03-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F03%2F04%2Fmovies%2Ftroubled-girl-s-evolution-into-an-oscar-nominee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garson22-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Garson22_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarson2004" class="citation book cs1">Garson, Helen S. (2004). Oprah Winfrey: A Biography. 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November 20, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100917131749/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8370789.stm">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey%3A+It%27s+good+to+talk&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F8370789.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biography_Channel-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Biography_Channel_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307090105/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biography_story/169%3A1814/1/Oprah_Winfrey.htm">"Oprah Winfrey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Biography_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Biography Channel">The Biography Channel</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20009251,00.html">the original</a> on September 4, 2016. 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Rosen Publishing. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oprah+Winfrey%3A+Profile+of+a+Media+Mogul&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Nagle&rft.aufirst=Jeanne+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105073013/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/oprah-winfrey.html">"Oprah Winfrey Biography"</a>. Biography.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/oprah-winfrey.html">the original</a> on November 5, 2012. 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SPOIO Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4524-0843-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4524-0843-9"><bdi>978-1-4524-0843-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607162813/https://books.google.com/books?id=olGfgs1wyfwC&pg=PT20#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wealth+Building+Strategies+of+the+Super+Rich%3A+How+to+Start+a+Family+Dynasty&rft.pub=SPOIO+Books&rft.date=2010-08-11&rft.isbn=978-1-4524-0843-9&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Lionel+Luciano+Illuminati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolGfgs1wyfwC%26pg%3DPT20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708120826/http://msn.careerbuilder.com/Article/MSN-2137-Career-Growth-and-Change-Before-They-Were-Stars/?sc_extcmp=JS_2137_home1&SiteId=cbmsnhp42137&ArticleID=2137&GT1=23000&cbRecursionCnt=1&cbsid=a263c00f1d4b4f99a045d1fb88f6f6e3-317894570-JO-5">"Before They Were Stars"</a>. Msn.careerbuilder.com. January 22, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msn.careerbuilder.com/Article/MSN-2137-Career-Growth-and-Change-Before-They-Were-Stars/?sc_extcmp=JS_2137_home1&SiteId=cbmsnhp42137&ArticleID=2137&GT1=23000&cbRecursionCnt=1&cbsid=a263c00f1d4b4f99a045d1fb88f6f6e3-317894570-JO-5">the original</a> on July 8, 2011. 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John Wiley & Sons. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-39994-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-39994-0"><bdi>978-0-471-39994-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607162809/https://books.google.com/books?id=yyB8PpIOiSUC&q=oprah%27s%20first%20job%20at%20grocery&pg=PA31#v=snippet&q=oprah's%20first%20job%20at%20grocery&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. 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CW39.com. February 8, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230711023826/https://cw39.com/black-history-month/this-day-in-black-history-oprah-winfrey-becomes-first-african-american-to-host-syndicated-talk-show/">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CW39.com&rft.atitle=This+Day+in+Black+History%3A+Oprah+Winfrey+becomes+first+African+American+to+host+syndicated+talk+show&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcw39.com%2Fblack-history-month%2Fthis-day-in-black-history-oprah-winfrey-becomes-first-african-american-to-host-syndicated-talk-show%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGater2022" class="citation web cs1">Gater, Harold (July 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2022/07/14/oprah-winfrey-life-nashville-tennessee/10058178002/">"Oprah Winfrey's connections to Nashville"</a>. The Tennessean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607162739/https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2022/07/14/oprah-winfrey-life-nashville-tennessee/10058178002/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey%27s+connections+to+Nashville&rft.date=2022-07-14&rft.aulast=Gater&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2022%2F07%2F14%2Foprah-winfrey-life-nashville-tennessee%2F10058178002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2023" class="citation web cs1">Schwartz, Jenna (June 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gothammag.com/16-celebrities-who-were-pageant-stars">"16 Celebrities Who Were Pageant Stars"</a>. GothamMag.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230711023846/https://gothammag.com/16-celebrities-who-were-pageant-stars">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2023. 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Crown. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-71877-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-71877-8"><bdi>978-0-307-71877-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607163300/https://books.google.com/books?id=CdvXLjqAcccC">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oprah%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-307-71877-8&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCdvXLjqAcccC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Mel Novit. "Oprah: Talk Show Dynamo Treats the Audience Like a Friend", Syracuse Post-Standard, September 14, 1986, p. 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Retrieved March 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Oprah+Gail+Winfrey%3A+Star+born+out+of+adversity&rft.date=2020-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Finspiring-lives%2Foprah-gail-winfrey-star-born-out-of-adversity%2Fstory-a7NN8muJ5lLl22PaOXpFkK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlenke2017" class="citation book cs1">Klenke, Karin (December 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W_1DDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200">Women in Leadership: Contextual Dynamics and Boundaries, Second Edition</a>. Emerald Group Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78743-277-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78743-277-2"><bdi>978-1-78743-277-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607163212/https://books.google.com/books?id=W_1DDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. 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Chicago. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313085110/http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/how-i-gave-oprah-her-start">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved January 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Roger+Ebert%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=How+I+gave+Oprah+her+start&rft.date=2005-11-16&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Frogers-journal%2Fhow-i-gave-oprah-her-start&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> Formerly appeared as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert2005" class="citation news cs1">Ebert, Roger (November 16, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080621204816/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20051116%2FCOMMENTARY%2F511160301">"How I gave Oprah her start"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a> (online ed.). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20051116%2FCOMMENTARY%2F511160301">the original</a> on June 21, 2008. 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February 13, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/you-get-a-car-oprah-winfrey-giveaway-studio-audience-gift-tax-members-guests-pay-show-a8208051.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Oprah+once+gave+an+entire+audience+free+cars+%E2%80%93+but+it+turns+out+there+was+a+hidden+cost&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fyou-get-a-car-oprah-winfrey-giveaway-studio-audience-gift-tax-members-guests-pay-show-a8208051.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedictus2010" class="citation news cs1">Benedictus, Leo (September 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2010/sep/14/oprah-winfrey-australia-john-travolta">"Oprah surprises her audience with a trip to Australia – on a plane flown by John Travolta"</a>. The Guardian. UK. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607163212/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2010/sep/14/oprah-winfrey-australia-john-travolta">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. 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Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430195005/https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/1/9/16868216/oprah-winfrey-pseudoscience">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2019. 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Retrieved September 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Few+Tremors+in+Oprahland&rft.date=2008-05-26&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F26%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2F26oprah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwd.com/media-news/fashion-memopad/amis-new-deal-boosting-sales-1961835?navSection=media-news&toc_preselected=65#/article/media-news/fashion-memopad/amis-new-deal-boosting-sales-1961835?page=1">"Memo Pad: Oprah Boosts Sales... AMI's New Deal... Boodro Departs..."</a> Women's Wear Daily. February 2, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120613014605/http://www.wwd.com/media-news/fashion-memopad/amis-new-deal-boosting-sales-1961835?navSection=media-news&toc_preselected=65#/article/media-news/fashion-memopad/amis-new-deal-boosting-sales-1961835?page=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Wear+Daily&rft.atitle=Memo+Pad%3A+Oprah+Boosts+Sales...+AMI%27s+New+Deal...+Boodro+Departs...&rft.date=2009-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwd.com%2Fmedia-news%2Ffashion-memopad%2Famis-new-deal-boosting-sales-1961835%3FnavSection%3Dmedia-news%26toc_preselected%3D65%23%2Farticle%2Fmedia-news%2Ffashion-memopad%2Famis-new-deal-boosting-sales-1961835%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/de998fe469fcfb2c28aa89ee7445f050">"Oprah's O Mag to end regular print editions after 20 years"</a>. AP NEWS. July 27, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803233332/https://apnews.com/de998fe469fcfb2c28aa89ee7445f050">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Oprah%27s+O+Mag+to+end+regular+print+editions+after+20+years&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fde998fe469fcfb2c28aa89ee7445f050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArbelWriter2020" class="citation web cs1">Arbel, Tali; Writer, AP Technology (July 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/business/article/Oprah-s-O-Mag-to-end-regular-print-editions-15439762.php">"Oprah's O Mag to end regular print editions after 20 years"</a>. Houston Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805220533/https://www.chron.com/business/article/Oprah-s-O-Mag-to-end-regular-print-editions-15439762.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Oprah%27s+O+Mag+to+end+regular+print+editions+after+20+years&rft.date=2020-07-28&rft.aulast=Arbel&rft.aufirst=Tali&rft.au=Writer%2C+AP+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fbusiness%2Farticle%2FOprah-s-O-Mag-to-end-regular-print-editions-15439762.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinfrey2020" class="citation news cs1">Winfrey, Oprah (November 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oprahmag.com/life/a34691146/oprah-magazine-ending-what-i-know-for-sure/">"Oprah Thanks Readers of O in the Magazine's Last Monthly Issue"</a>. O, the Oprah Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217143019/https://www.oprahmag.com/life/a34691146/oprah-magazine-ending-what-i-know-for-sure/">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oprah+Thanks+Readers+of+O+in+the+Magazine%27s+Last+Monthly+Issue&rft.date=2020-11-17&rft.aulast=Winfrey&rft.aufirst=Oprah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oprahmag.com%2Flife%2Fa34691146%2Foprah-magazine-ending-what-i-know-for-sure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_Oprah-115"><a href="#cite_ref-About_Oprah_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oprah.com/pressroom/oprah-winfreys-official-biography">"About Oprah"</a>. Harpo, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180109181132/http://www.oprah.com/pressroom/oprah-winfreys-official-biography">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Oprah&rft.pub=Harpo%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oprah.com%2Fpressroom%2Foprah-winfreys-official-biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Captured_Accused-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Captured_Accused_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">Presenter: Oprah Winfrey (October 11, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oprah.com/world/Accused-Child-Molesters-Caught_1">"The Oprah Show Captures Accused Child Molesters!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708221524/http://www.oprah.com/world/Accused-Child-Molesters-Caught_1">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Oprah+Winfrey+Show&rft.date=2005-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oprah.com%2Fworld%2FAccused-Child-Molesters-Caught_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-feb-10-fi-oprah10-story.html">"Oprah Signs XM Satellite Radio Deal"</a>. Los Angeles Times. February 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611203826/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-feb-10-fi-oprah10-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Oprah+Signs+XM+Satellite+Radio+Deal&rft.date=2006-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2006-feb-10-fi-oprah10-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2001-04-29-0104290208-story.html">"Oprah buying 40-acre estate in California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. April 29, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106211925/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2001-04-29-0104290208-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Oprah+buying+40-acre+estate+in+California&rft.date=2001-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-2001-04-29-0104290208-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realtor.com/news/celebrity-real-estate/oprah-winfrey-impressive-real-estate-portfolio/">"She Gets a House! And He Gets a House! Oprah Winfrey's Impressive Real Estate Portfolio"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Realtor.com" title="Realtor.com">Realtor.com</a>. November 14, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416145304/https://www.realtor.com/news/celebrity-real-estate/oprah-winfrey-impressive-real-estate-portfolio/">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Realtor.com&rft.atitle=She+Gets+a+House%21+And+He+Gets+a+House%21+Oprah+Winfrey%27s+Impressive+Real+Estate+Portfolio&rft.date=2019-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realtor.com%2Fnews%2Fcelebrity-real-estate%2Foprah-winfrey-impressive-real-estate-portfolio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2003-09-14-0309140307-story.html">"Muhammad Ali, Oprah selling nearby estates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. September 14, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106183230/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2003-09-14-0309140307-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Muhammad+Ali%2C+Oprah+selling+nearby+estates&rft.date=2003-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-2003-09-14-0309140307-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2004/12/16/Oprahs-Indiana-farm-sold-to-developer/39701103246152/">"Oprah's Indiana farm sold to developer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UPI" class="mw-redirect" title="UPI">UPI</a>. December 16, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325220311/http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2004/12/16/Oprahs-Indiana-farm-sold-to-developer/39701103246152">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Oprah%27s+Indiana+farm+sold+to+developer&rft.date=2004-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FEntertainment_News%2F2004%2F12%2F16%2FOprahs-Indiana-farm-sold-to-developer%2F39701103246152%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/real-estate/elite-street/ct-oprah-winfrey-condo-elite-street-1121-biz-20151120-story.html">"Oprah Winfrey sells Water Tower condo for $4.6 million"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. November 20, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106145616/https://www.chicagotribune.com/real-estate/elite-street/ct-oprah-winfrey-condo-elite-street-1121-biz-20151120-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey+sells+Water+Tower+condo+for+%244.6+million&rft.date=2015-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Freal-estate%2Felite-street%2Fct-oprah-winfrey-condo-elite-street-1121-biz-20151120-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telluridenews.com/news/article_19ee2863-83f7-5bad-b0e1-7b08e72b203f.html">"MV trails case dismissed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Telluride_Daily_Planet" title="Telluride Daily Planet">Telluride Daily Planet</a>. December 1, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106150355/https://www.telluridenews.com/news/article_19ee2863-83f7-5bad-b0e1-7b08e72b203f.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telluride+Daily+Planet&rft.atitle=MV+trails+case+dismissed&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telluridenews.com%2Fnews%2Farticle_19ee2863-83f7-5bad-b0e1-7b08e72b203f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/real-estate/elite-street/ct-re-elite-street-oprah-elmwood-park-20181018-story.html">"Oprah sells final piece of Chicago-area real estate: 4-bedroom Elmwood Park home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. October 19, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106183233/https://www.chicagotribune.com/real-estate/elite-street/ct-re-elite-street-oprah-elmwood-park-20181018-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Oprah+sells+final+piece+of+Chicago-area+real+estate%3A+4-bedroom+Elmwood+Park+home&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Freal-estate%2Felite-street%2Fct-re-elite-street-oprah-elmwood-park-20181018-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/oprah-winfrey-real-estate-portfolio">"Oprah Winfrey's Homes: A Look Inside Her Extensive Real Estate Portfolio"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Architectural_Digest" title="Architectural Digest">Architectural Digest</a>. October 1, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106145612/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/oprah-winfrey-real-estate-portfolio">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Architectural+Digest&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey%27s+Homes%3A+A+Look+Inside+Her+Extensive+Real+Estate+Portfolio&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecturaldigest.com%2Fstory%2Foprah-winfrey-real-estate-portfolio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sheknows.com/living/slideshow/9672/look-inside-oprah-homes/23/">"A Look Inside 6 of Oprah Winfrey's Homes — Yes, 6"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SHE_Media" title="SHE Media">She Knows</a>. November 6, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106145614/https://www.sheknows.com/living/slideshow/9672/look-inside-oprah-homes/23/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=She+Knows&rft.atitle=A+Look+Inside+6+of+Oprah+Winfrey%27s+Homes+%E2%80%94+Yes%2C+6&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sheknows.com%2Fliving%2Fslideshow%2F9672%2Flook-inside-oprah-homes%2F23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.housedigest.com/860091/all-the-homes-that-oprah-owns/">"All The Homes That Oprah Owns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Static_Media#Owned_or_associated_websites" title="Static Media">House Digest</a>. May 11, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106183233/https://www.housedigest.com/860091/all-the-homes-that-oprah-owns/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=House+Digest&rft.atitle=All+The+Homes+That+Oprah+Owns&rft.date=2022-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.housedigest.com%2F860091%2Fall-the-homes-that-oprah-owns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dirt.com/more-dirt/real-estate-listings/gayle-king-selling-the-big-house-1203475669/">"Gayle King Selling the Big House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)#Acquisition_by_Penske_Media_Corporation" title="Variety (magazine)">Dirt</a>. June 21, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607163247/https://robbreport.com/shelter/celebrity-homes/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dirt&rft.atitle=Gayle+King+Selling+the+Big+House&rft.date=2008-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dirt.com%2Fmore-dirt%2Freal-estate-listings%2Fgayle-king-selling-the-big-house-1203475669%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dirt.com/gallery/entertainers/actors/oprah-winfrey-jennifer-aniston-house-montecito-1203580846/screen-shot-2022-09-08-at-5-22-49-pm/">"Oprah Sells $14 Million Montecito Estate to Jennifer Aniston"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)#Acquisition_by_Penske_Media_Corporation" title="Variety (magazine)">Dirt</a>. September 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607163818/https://robbreport.com/shelter/celebrity-homes/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dirt&rft.atitle=Oprah+Sells+%2414+Million+Montecito+Estate+to+Jennifer+Aniston&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dirt.com%2Fgallery%2Fentertainers%2Factors%2Foprah-winfrey-jennifer-aniston-house-montecito-1203580846%2Fscreen-shot-2022-09-08-at-5-22-49-pm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mauinow.com/2023/03/02/oprah-buys-870-acres-of-land-in-kula-for-nearly-6-6-million-over-recent-months/">"Oprah buys 870 acres of land in Kula for nearly $6.6 million over recent months | Maui Now"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230905030607/https://mauinow.com/2023/03/02/oprah-buys-870-acres-of-land-in-kula-for-nearly-6-6-million-over-recent-months/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved September 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oprah+buys+870+acres+of+land+in+Kula+for+nearly+%246.6+million+over+recent+months+%26%23124%3B+Maui+Now&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmauinow.com%2F2023%2F03%2F02%2Foprah-buys-870-acres-of-land-in-kula-for-nearly-6-6-million-over-recent-months%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199928–29-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199928–29_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMair1999">Mair (1999)</a>, pp. 28–29. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMair1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199930-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199930_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMair1999">Mair (1999)</a>, p. 30. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMair1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199930–31-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199930–31_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMair1999">Mair (1999)</a>, pp. 30–31. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMair1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199933-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199933_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMair1999">Mair (1999)</a>, p. 33. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMair1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199943-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199943_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMair1999">Mair (1999)</a>, p. 43. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMair1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/oprah-and-john-tesh-briefly-dated-lived-together-new-book-claims">"Oprah and John Tesh Briefly Dated, Lived Together, New Book Claims"</a>. Fox News Channel. April 12, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607163822/https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/oprah-and-john-tesh-briefly-dated-lived-together-new-book-claims">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oprah+and+John+Tesh+Briefly+Dated%2C+Lived+Together%2C+New+Book+Claims&rft.date=2010-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fentertainment%2Foprah-and-john-tesh-briefly-dated-lived-together-new-book-claims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mair_1995_pg_47-137"><a href="#cite_ref-Mair_1995_pg_47_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMair1995" class="citation book cs1">Mair, George (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oprahwinfreyreal00mair/page/47">Oprah Winfrey: The Real Story</a>. Carol Pub. Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oprahwinfreyreal00mair/page/47">47</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55972-250-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55972-250-9"><bdi>1-55972-250-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oprah+Winfrey%3A+The+Real+Story&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Carol+Pub.+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-55972-250-9&rft.aulast=Mair&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foprahwinfreyreal00mair%2Fpage%2F47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMair1999">Mair (1999)</a>, p. 49 harvp error: no target: CITEREFMair1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>): "the major problem with this intense love affair arose from her lover's being married, with no plans to leave his wife". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199949-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199949_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199949_139-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMair1999">Mair (1999)</a>, p. 49. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMair1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair199950-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199950_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMair199950_140-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMair1999">Mair (1999)</a>, p. 50. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMair1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Jet-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Jet_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208105953/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_n12_v87/ai_16404541">"Oprah reveals on her show she smoked crack cocaine during her 20s"</a>. Jet. January 30, 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_n12_v87/ai_16404541">the original</a> on December 8, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Oprah+reveals+on+her+show+she+smoked+crack+cocaine+during+her+20s&rft.date=1995-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.findarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m1355%2Fis_n12_v87%2Fai_16404541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> Archived at FindArticles in 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-FindLaw-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FindLaw_142-0">^</a> <cite>Randolph L. Cook v Oprah Winfrey</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=7th&navby=case&no=973403">7th FindLaw 973403</a> (7th Cir. April 8, 1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080622031838/http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=7th&navby=case&no=973403">archived</a> from the original. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson_Walker-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_Walker_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031019082638/http://www.jw.com/site/jsp/practiceinfo.jsp?id=12&matter=1">"Representative Matters"</a>. Jackson Walker L.L.P. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jw.com/site/jsp/practiceinfo.jsp?id=12&matter=1">the original</a> on October 19, 2003. Retrieved August 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Representative+Matters&rft.pub=Jackson+Walker+L.L.P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jw.com%2Fsite%2Fjsp%2Fpracticeinfo.jsp%3Fid%3D12%26matter%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radaronline.com/exclusives/2011/02/exclusive-interview-stedman-stole-oprah-me-secret-lover-tells-radar">"EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: Stedman Stole Oprah From Me, Secret Lover Tells Radar"</a>. radaronline.com. February 17, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220044218/http://www.radaronline.com/exclusives/2011/02/exclusive-interview-stedman-stole-oprah-me-secret-lover-tells-radar">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EXCLUSIVE+INTERVIEW%3A+Stedman+Stole+Oprah+From+Me%2C+Secret+Lover+Tells+Radar&rft.pub=radaronline.com&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radaronline.com%2Fexclusives%2F2011%2F02%2Fexclusive-interview-stedman-stole-oprah-me-secret-lover-tells-radar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701015847/http://oprah.about.com/od/oprahbiography/p/personallife.htm">"A Look Into the Personal Life of Oprah Winfrey"</a>. Oprah.about.com. November 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oprah.about.com/od/oprahbiography/p/personallife.htm">the original</a> on July 1, 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Look+Into+the+Personal+Life+of+Oprah+Winfrey&rft.pub=Oprah.about.com&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foprah.about.com%2Fod%2Foprahbiography%2Fp%2Fpersonallife.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Not_Gay-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Not_Gay_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Not_Gay_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehner2006" class="citation web cs1">Lehner, Marla (July 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070421013629/http://www.people.com/people/article/0%2C26334%2C1215402%2C00.html">"Oprah: Gayle and I Are Not Gay"</a>. People. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/article/0,26334,1215402,00.html">the original</a> on April 21, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Oprah%3A+Gayle+and+I+Are+Not+Gay&rft.date=2006-07-18&rft.aulast=Lehner&rft.aufirst=Marla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farticle%2F0%2C26334%2C1215402%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernandez2004" class="citation journal cs1">Hernandez, Greg (May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jwQEAAAAMBAJ&q=winfrey+shriver&pg=PA55">"Balancing Act"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Coast Magazine">Orange Coast Magazine</a>: 55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607163819/https://books.google.com/books?id=jwQEAAAAMBAJ&q=winfrey+shriver&pg=PA55#v=snippet&q=winfrey%20shriver&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. Retrieved October 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orange+Coast+Magazine&rft.atitle=Balancing+Act&rft.pages=55&rft.date=2004-05&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjwQEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dwinfrey%2Bshriver%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=3776919&page=1">"ABC News: Shriver Struggles With Kennedy Legacy"</a>. ABC News. October 23, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203224213/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=3776919&page=1">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2011. 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Retrieved June 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey+on+Wanting+to+Work+With+Mara+Brock+Akil+on+%27Love+Is%27&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft.aulast=Malkin&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Flove-is-premiere-oprah-winfrey-wanting-work-mara-brock-akil-1119447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN'Duka2019" class="citation web cs1">N'Duka, Amanda (March 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2019/03/david-oyelowo-the-water-man-directing-oprah-winfrey-ep-1202583417/">"David Oyelowo Sets 'The Water Man' As Feature Directorial Debut With Oprah Winfrey As EP"</a>. Deadline Hollywood. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715230118/https://deadline.com/2019/03/david-oyelowo-the-water-man-directing-oprah-winfrey-ep-1202583417/">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=David+Oyelowo+Sets+%27The+Water+Man%27+As+Feature+Directorial+Debut+With+Oprah+Winfrey+As+EP&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft.aulast=N%27Duka&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2019%2F03%2Fdavid-oyelowo-the-water-man-directing-oprah-winfrey-ep-1202583417%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarson2011" class="citation book cs1">Garson, Helen S. (May 26, 2011). Oprah Winfrey: A Biography (2nd ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VIHDEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61">61</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35833-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35833-3"><bdi>978-0-313-35833-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oprah+Winfrey%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=61&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35833-3&rft.aulast=Garson&rft.aufirst=Helen+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uml.edu/news/press-releases/2018/winfreyhonorarydegreerelease.aspx">"UMass Lowell to Award Oprah Winfrey Honorary Degree | UMass Lowell"</a>. www.uml.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227012734/https://www.uml.edu/news/press-releases/2018/winfreyhonorarydegreerelease.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uml.edu&rft.atitle=UMass+Lowell+to+Award+Oprah+Winfrey+Honorary+Degree+%7C+UMass+Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uml.edu%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2F2018%2Fwinfreyhonorarydegreerelease.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/celebrity/celebrities-with-honorary-doctorate-degrees/">"Céline Dion, Ben Affleck, and More Celebrities Who Have Received Honorary Doctorate Degrees"</a>. Peoplemag. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227012734/https://people.com/celebrity/celebrities-with-honorary-doctorate-degrees/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peoplemag&rft.atitle=C%C3%A9line+Dion%2C+Ben+Affleck%2C+and+More+Celebrities+Who+Have+Received+Honorary+Doctorate+Degrees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Fcelebrity%2Fcelebrities-with-honorary-doctorate-degrees%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvan_Aronin2023" class="citation web cs1">Ivan Aronin (May 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainstreetmediatn.com/articles/mainstreetmediatn/oprah-winfrey-receives-honorary-doctorate-degree-at-tennessee-state-university-graduation/">"Oprah Winfrey receives honorary doctorate degree at Tennessee State University graduation - Main Street Media of Tennessee"</a>. Main Street Media of Tennessee -. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230509011231/https://mainstreetmediatn.com/articles/mainstreetmediatn/oprah-winfrey-receives-honorary-doctorate-degree-at-tennessee-state-university-graduation/">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Main+Street+Media+of+Tennessee+-&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey+receives+honorary+doctorate+degree+at+Tennessee+State+University+graduation+-+Main+Street+Media+of+Tennessee&rft.date=2023-05-09&rft.au=Ivan+Aronin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainstreetmediatn.com%2Farticles%2Fmainstreetmediatn%2Foprah-winfrey-receives-honorary-doctorate-degree-at-tennessee-state-university-graduation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spelman.edu/commencement/commencement-speaker/past-commencement-speakers/oprah-winfrey">"Oprah Winfrey 2012 Commencement Address | Spelman College"</a>. www.spelman.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227012736/https://www.spelman.edu/commencement/commencement-speaker/past-commencement-speakers/oprah-winfrey">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.spelman.edu&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey+2012+Commencement+Address+%7C+Spelman+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spelman.edu%2Fcommencement%2Fcommencement-speaker%2Fpast-commencement-speakers%2Foprah-winfrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coloradocollege.edu/newsevents/newsroom/use-your-life-in-service-oprah-winfrey-tells-graduates.html">"'Use Your Life in Service,' Oprah Winfrey Tells Graduates - Colorado College"</a>. www.coloradocollege.edu. May 19, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227012734/https://www.coloradocollege.edu/newsevents/newsroom/use-your-life-in-service-oprah-winfrey-tells-graduates.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.coloradocollege.edu&rft.atitle=%27Use+Your+Life+in+Service%2C%27+Oprah+Winfrey+Tells+Graduates+-+Colorado+College&rft.date=2019-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coloradocollege.edu%2Fnewsevents%2Fnewsroom%2Fuse-your-life-in-service-oprah-winfrey-tells-graduates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smith.edu/news-events/news/media-leader-oprah-winfrey-will-deliver-smith-commencement-address">"Media Leader Oprah Winfrey Will Deliver Smith Commencement Address"</a>. www.smith.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227012734/https://www.smith.edu/news-events/news/media-leader-oprah-winfrey-will-deliver-smith-commencement-address">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.smith.edu&rft.atitle=Media+Leader+Oprah+Winfrey+Will+Deliver+Smith+Commencement+Address&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smith.edu%2Fnews-events%2Fnews%2Fmedia-leader-oprah-winfrey-will-deliver-smith-commencement-address&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skidmore.edu/news/2017/0223_commencement_speakers.php">"Winfrey, Tisch, Moore at Commencement 2017"</a>. www.skidmore.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227012734/https://www.skidmore.edu/news/2017/0223_commencement_speakers.php">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.skidmore.edu&rft.atitle=Winfrey%2C+Tisch%2C+Moore+at+Commencement+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skidmore.edu%2Fnews%2F2017%2F0223_commencement_speakers.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-309">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_309-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_309-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance2023" class="citation web cs1">France, Lisa Respers (December 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/13/entertainment/oprah-winfrey-smithsonian-portrait/index.html">"Oprah Winfrey honored with portrait at Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Oprah+Winfrey+honored+with+portrait+at+Smithsonian%27s+National+Portrait+Gallery&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft.aulast=France&rft.aufirst=Lisa+Respers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F12%2F13%2Fentertainment%2Foprah-winfrey-smithsonian-portrait%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOprah+Winfrey" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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.sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Oprah Winfrey at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Oprah_Winfrey" class="extiw" title="c:category:Oprah Winfrey">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" class="extiw" title="q:Oprah Winfrey">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55800" class="extiw" title="d:Q55800">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oprah.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55800#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001856/">Oprah Winfrey</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124285128">NPR "Oprah: The Billionaire Everywoman". Audio file, video and biography</a>. Retrieved September 17, 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL228980A">Works by Oprah Winfrey</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55800#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.makers.com/oprah-winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216040131/http://www.makers.com/oprah-winfrey">Archived</a> February 16, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Video produced by <a href="/wiki/Makers:_Women_Who_Make_America" title="Makers: Women Who Make America">Makers: Women Who Make America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?21013">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/exhibitions/watchingoprah">Watching Oprah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417045044/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/exhibitions/watchingoprah">Archived</a> April 17, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Smithsonian exhibition on the Oprah Show and Winfrey</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oprah_Winfrey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oprah_Winfrey" title="Template:Oprah Winfrey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oprah_Winfrey" title="Template talk:Oprah Winfrey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oprah_Winfrey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oprah Winfrey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oprah_Winfrey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_works_of_Oprah_Winfrey" title="Media works of Oprah Winfrey">Media works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcasting and publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club" title="Oprah's Book Club">Oprah's Book Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Favorite_Things" title="Oprah's Favorite Things">Oprah's Favorite Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Phone_Zone" title="No Phone Zone">No Phone Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_After_the_Show" title="Oprah After the Show">Oprah After the Show</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Talks_..._to_Oprah" title="Michael Jackson Talks ... to Oprah">Michael Jackson Talks ... to Oprah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O,_The_Oprah_Magazine" title="O, The Oprah Magazine">O, The Oprah Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Radio" title="Oprah Radio">Oprah Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Network" title="Oprah Winfrey Network">Oprah Winfrey Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Network_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="Oprah Winfrey Network (Canadian TV channel)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Lifeclass" title="Oprah's Lifeclass">Oprah's Lifeclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Master_Class" title="Oprah's Master Class">Oprah's Master Class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Prime" title="Oprah Prime">Oprah Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club_2.0" title="Oprah's Book Club 2.0">Oprah's Book Club 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Life_You_Want" class="mw-redirect" title="The Life You Want">The Life You Want</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club_(TV_series)" title="Oprah's Book Club (TV series)">Oprah's Book Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Conversation" title="The Oprah Conversation">The Oprah Conversation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_with_Meghan_and_Harry" title="Oprah with Meghan and Harry">Oprah with Meghan and Harry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Me_You_Can%27t_See" title="The Me You Can't See">The Me You Can't See</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films produced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beloved_(1998_film)" title="Beloved (1998 film)">Beloved</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Debaters" title="The Great Debaters">The Great Debaters</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hundred-Foot_Journey_(film)" title="The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)">The Hundred-Foot Journey</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)">Selma</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_(film)" title="Sidney (film)">Sidney</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(2023_film)" title="The Color Purple (2023 film)">The Color Purple</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Endorsement of Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpo_Productions" title="Harpo Productions">Harpo Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Oprah_Winfrey" title="List of awards and nominations received by Oprah Winfrey">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprahization" title="Oprahization">Oprahization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Foundation" title="Oprah Winfrey Foundation">Oprah Winfrey Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Angel_Network" title="Oprah's Angel Network">Oprah's Angel Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Leadership_Academy_for_Girls" title="Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls">Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_(painting)" title="Oprah Winfrey (painting)">Oprah Winfrey (painting)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stedman_Graham" title="Stedman Graham">Stedman Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Oprah_Winfrey" title="Category:Oprah Winfrey">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Oprah_Winfrey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Oprah_Winfrey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Oprah_Winfrey" title="List of awards and nominations received by Oprah Winfrey">Awards for Oprah Winfrey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AARP_Movies_for_Grownups_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFA07A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AARP_Movies_for_Grownups_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Template:AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Supporting Actress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AARP_Movies_for_Grownups_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Template talk:AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Supporting Actress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AARP_Movies_for_Grownups_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Supporting Actress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AARP_Movies_for_Grownups_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/AARP_Movies_for_Grownups_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Supporting Actress">AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Supporting Actress</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Baranski" title="Christine Baranski">Christine Baranski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Basinger" title="Kim Basinger">Kim Basinger</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad" title="Phylicia Rashad">Phylicia Rashad</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacki_Weaver" title="Jacki Weaver">Jacki Weaver</a> (2012)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Russo" title="Rene Russo">Rene Russo</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Ladd" title="Diane Ladd">Diane Ladd</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Metcalf" title="Laurie Metcalf">Laurie Metcalf</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Dern" title="Laura Dern">Laura Dern</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunjanue_Ellis-Taylor" title="Aunjanue Ellis-Taylor">Aunjanue Ellis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Ivey" title="Judith Ivey">Judith Ivey</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Template:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Template talk:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award">Cecil B. DeMille Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy" title="Mervyn LeRoy">Mervyn LeRoy</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Adler" title="Buddy Adler">Buddy Adler</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Levine" title="Joseph E. Levine">Joseph E. Levine</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_B._Wallis" title="Hal B. Wallis">Hal B. Wallis</a> (1975)</li> <li>No Award (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2007)</li> <li>No Award (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2017)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (2021)</li> <li>No Award (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2023)</li> <li>No Award (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Disney_Legends_Awards_(2010s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template talk:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disney_Legends_Awards_(2010s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disney_Legends" title="Disney Legends">Disney Legends Awards</a> (2010s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Benson" title="Jodi Benson">Jodi Benson</a></li> <li>Barton "Bo" Boyd*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Larkin" title="Linda Larkin">Linda Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paige_O%27Hara" title="Paige O'Hara">Paige O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regis_Philbin" title="Regis Philbin">Regis Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anika_Noni_Rose" title="Anika Noni Rose">Anika Noni Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Salonga" title="Lea Salonga">Lea Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Watson" title="Raymond Watson">Raymond Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Williams_(actor)" title="Guy Williams (actor)">Guy Williams</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita_Granville" title="Bonita Granville">Bonita Granville Wrather</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Wrather" title="Jack Wrather">Jack Wrather</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Baxter" title="Tony Baxter">Tony Baxter</a></li> <li>Collin Campbell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Clark" title="Dick Clark">Dick Clark</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Crystal" title="Billy Crystal">Billy Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodman" title="John Goodman">John Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Keane" title="Glen Keane">Glen Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wynn" title="Ed Wynn">Ed Wynn</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bodenheimer" title="George Bodenheimer">George Bodenheimer</a></li> <li>Julie Reihm Casaletto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Deja" title="Andreas Deja">Andreas Deja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Earle" title="Eyvind Earle">Eyvind Earle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Lucci" title="Susan Lucci">Susan Lucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_Van_Osten" title="Carson Van Osten">Carson Van Osten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Geronimi" title="Clyde Geronimi">Clyde Geronimi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonzales" title="Manuel Gonzales">Manuel Gonzales</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>*</li> <li>Wayne Jackson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garry_Marshall" title="Garry Marshall">Garry Marshall</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Taymor" title="Julie Taymor">Julie Taymor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_T._Chao" title="Wing T. Chao">Wing T. Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau" title="Jon Favreau">Jon Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Ortega" title="Kenny Ortega">Kenny Ortega</a></li> <li>Barnette Ricci</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_(newscaster)" title="Robin Roberts (newscaster)">Robin Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Sawyer" title="Diane Sawyer">Diane Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming-Na_Wen" title="Ming-Na Wen">Ming-Na Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Awarded posthumously <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Legends" title="Disney Legends">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_1980s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_1990s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2000s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2020s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Daytime_Emmy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Daytime_Emmy_Award_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template:Daytime Emmy Award Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Daytime_Emmy_Award_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template talk:Daytime Emmy Award Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Daytime_Emmy_Award_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Daytime Emmy Award Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Daytime_Emmy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lifetime_Achievement_Emmys" title="Lifetime Achievement Emmys">Daytime Emmy Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charita_Bauer" title="Charita Bauer">Charita Bauer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Larry_Haines" title="Larry Haines">Larry Haines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Stuart_(actress)" title="Mary Stuart (actress)">Mary Stuart</a> (1985)</li> <li>Pamela Ilott (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Goodson" title="Mark Goodson">Mark Goodson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bell" title="William J. Bell">William J. Bell</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Marland" title="Douglas Marland">Douglas Marland</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Clark" title="Dick Clark">Dick Clark</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Corday" title="Betty Corday">Betty Corday</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ted_Corday" title="Ted Corday">Ted Corday</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rogers" title="Fred Rogers">Fred Rogers</a> (1997)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barker" title="Bob Barker">Bob Barker</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Edwards" title="Ralph Edwards">Ralph Edwards</a> (2001)</li> <li>John Cannon (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Linkletter" title="Art Linkletter">Art Linkletter</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Ames" title="Rachel Ames">Rachel Ames</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clarke_(actor)" title="John Clarke (actor)">John Clarke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Cooper" title="Jeanne Cooper">Jeanne Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Fulton" title="Eileen Fulton">Eileen Fulton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Don_Hastings" title="Don Hastings">Don Hastings</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee" title="Anna Lee">Anna Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ray_MacDonnell" title="Ray MacDonnell">Ray MacDonnell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frances_Reid" title="Frances Reid">Frances Reid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Helen_Wagner" title="Helen Wagner">Helen Wagner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Warrick" title="Ruth Warrick">Ruth Warrick</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merv_Griffin" title="Merv Griffin">Merv Griffin</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroll_Spinney" title="Caroll Spinney">Caroll Spinney</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Phillip_Bell" title="Lee Phillip Bell">Lee Phillip Bell</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Lipton" title="James Lipton">James Lipton</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regis_Philbin" title="Regis Philbin">Regis Philbin</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Nixon" title="Agnes Nixon">Agnes Nixon</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Sajak" title="Pat Sajak">Pat Sajak</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_Trebek" title="Alex Trebek">Alex Trebek</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Geddie" title="Bill Geddie">Bill Geddie</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Hall" title="Monty Hall">Monty Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Stewart_(television_producer)" title="Bob Stewart (television producer)">Bob Stewart</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Morash" title="Russell Morash">Russell Morash</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Manzano" title="Sonia Manzano">Sonia Manzano</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hart" title="Mary Hart">Mary Hart</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Seaforth_Hayes" title="Susan Seaforth Hayes">Susan Seaforth Hayes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayes_(actor)" title="Bill Hayes (actor)">Bill Hayes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sid_and_Marty_Krofft" title="Sid and Marty Krofft">Sid and Marty Krofft</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jacques Pépin">Jacques Pépin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Sheindlin" title="Judy Sheindlin">Judy Sheindlin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aniston" title="John Aniston">John Aniston</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Lucci" title="Susan Lucci">Susan Lucci</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maury_Povich" title="Maury Povich">Maury Povich</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidia_Bastianich" title="Lidia Bastianich">Lidia Bastianich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Scott" title="Edward J. Scott">Edward J. Scott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melody_Thomas_Scott" title="Melody Thomas Scott">Melody Thomas Scott</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;;background: #F9EFAA;"><div>No lifetime achievement award was presented in 2020 and 2021.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/awards-hq-june-1-emmys-newsletter-1234986704/">[1]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Daytime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Daytime_Talk_Series_Host" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Daytime_Emmy_Award_Outstanding_Talk_Show_Host" title="Template:Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Talk Show Host"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Daytime_Emmy_Award_Outstanding_Talk_Show_Host" title="Template talk:Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Talk Show Host"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Daytime_Emmy_Award_Outstanding_Talk_Show_Host" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Talk Show Host"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Daytime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Daytime_Talk_Series_Host" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Daytime_Talk_Series_Host" title="Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Daytime Talk Series Host">Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Daytime Talk Series Host</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinah_Shore" title="Dinah Shore">Dinah Shore</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinah_Shore" title="Dinah Shore">Dinah Shore</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Downs" title="Hugh Downs">Hugh Downs</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Collins_(actor)" title="Gary Collins (actor)">Gary Collins</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Jessy_Raphael" title="Sally Jessy Raphael">Sally Jessy Raphael</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Rivers" title="Joan Rivers">Joan Rivers</a> (1990)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1991)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1994)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montel_Williams" title="Montel Williams">Montel Williams</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell" title="Rosie O'Donnell">Rosie O'Donnell</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell" title="Rosie O'Donnell">Rosie O'Donnell</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell" title="Rosie O'Donnell">Rosie O'Donnell</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell" title="Rosie O'Donnell">Rosie O'Donnell</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell" title="Rosie O'Donnell">Rosie O'Donnell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Regis_Philbin" title="Regis Philbin">Regis Philbin</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell" title="Rosie O'Donnell">Rosie O'Donnell</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Brady" title="Wayne Brady">Wayne Brady</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Brady" title="Wayne Brady">Wayne Brady</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joy_Behar" title="Joy Behar">Joy Behar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherri_Shepherd" title="Sherri Shepherd">Sherri Shepherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Hasselbeck" title="Elisabeth Hasselbeck">Elisabeth Hasselbeck</a> & <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regis_Philbin" title="Regis Philbin">Regis Philbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ripa" title="Kelly Ripa">Kelly Ripa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regis_Philbin" title="Regis Philbin">Regis Philbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ripa" title="Kelly Ripa">Kelly Ripa</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricki_Lake" title="Ricki Lake">Ricki Lake</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Couric" title="Katie Couric">Katie Couric</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Consuelos" title="Mark Consuelos">Mark Consuelos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ripa" title="Kelly Ripa">Kelly Ripa</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><div>From 2015–2022, the category was split into <a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Entertainment_Talk_Show_Host" title="Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host">Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Informative_Talk_Show_Host" title="Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Informative Talk Show Host">Outstanding Informative Talk Show Host</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Emmy_Founders_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Emmy_Founders_Award" title="Template:International Emmy Founders Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Emmy_Founders_Award" title="Template talk:International Emmy Founders Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Emmy_Founders_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Emmy Founders Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Emmy_Founders_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Emmy_Founders_Award" title="International Emmy Founders Award">International Emmy Founders Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roone_Arledge" title="Roone Arledge">Roone Arledge</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Sutton" title="Shaun Sutton">Shaun Sutton</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Landon" title="Michael Landon">Michael Landon</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brodkin" title="Herbert Brodkin">Herbert Brodkin</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Wolper" title="David L. Wolper">David L. Wolper</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Taffner" title="Donald L. Taffner">Donald L. Taffner</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goar_Mestre" title="Goar Mestre">Goar Mestre</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fox_(television_executive)" title="Paul Fox (television executive)">Paul Fox</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cowell" title="Adrian Cowell">Adrian Cowell</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dunn_(television_executive)" title="Richard Dunn (television executive)">Richard Dunn</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Film on Four</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Hewitt" title="Don Hewitt">Don Hewitt</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Grundy" title="Reg Grundy">Reg Grundy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jac_Venza" title="Jac Venza">Jac Venza</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Halmi" title="Robert Halmi">Robert Halmi Sr.</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisashi_Hieda" title="Hisashi Hieda">Hisashi Hieda</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hendricks" title="John Hendricks">John Hendricks</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lescure" title="Pierre Lescure">Pierre Lescure</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Stringer" title="Howard Stringer">Howard Stringer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_International" title="MTV International">MTV International</a> (2004)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Wolf" title="Dick Wolf">Dick Wolf</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cowell" title="Simon Cowell">Simon Cowell</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lythgoe" title="Nigel Lythgoe">Nigel Lythgoe</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Alda" title="Alan Alda">Alan Alda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Murphy_(producer)" title="Ryan Murphy (producer)">Ryan Murphy</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Abrams" title="J. J. Abrams">J. J. Abrams</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Weiner" title="Matthew Weiner">Matthew Weiner</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonda_Rhimes" title="Shonda Rhimes">Shonda Rhimes</a> (2016)</li> <li>No Award (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Berlanti" title="Greg Berlanti">Greg Berlanti</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benioff" title="David Benioff">David Benioff</a> / <a href="/wiki/D._B._Weiss" title="D. B. Weiss">D. B. Weiss</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a></s> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ava_DuVernay" title="Ava DuVernay">Ava DuVernay</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Armstrong" title="Jesse Armstrong">Jesse Armstrong</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_E._Kelley" title="David E. Kelley">David E. Kelley</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" title="Template:Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" title="Template talk:Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" title="Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award">Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1956–2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Y._Frank_Freeman" title="Y. Frank Freeman">Y. Frank Freeman</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Lesser" title="Sol Lesser">Sol Lesser</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Seaton" title="George Seaton">George Seaton</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Broidy" title="Steve Broidy">Steve Broidy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_L._DePatie" title="Edmond L. DePatie">Edmond L. DePatie</a> (1965)</li> <li>George Bagnall (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Raye" title="Martha Raye">Martha Raye</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jessel_(actor)" title="George Jessel (actor)">George Jessel</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Wasserman" title="Lew Wasserman">Lew Wasserman</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Krim" title="Arthur B. Krim">Arthur B. Krim</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_C._Stein" title="Jules C. Stein">Jules C. Stein</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Jaffe" title="Leo Jaffe">Leo Jaffe</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benjamin" title="Robert Benjamin">Robert Benjamin</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._J._Frankovich" title="M. J. Frankovich">M. J. Frankovich</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Wolper" title="David L. Wolper">David L. Wolper</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Buddy%22_Rogers" title="Charles "Buddy" Rogers">Charles "Buddy" Rogers</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Koch" title="Howard W. Koch">Howard W. Koch</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hiller" title="Arthur Hiller">Arthur Hiller</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Mayer_(executive)" title="Roger Mayer (executive)">Roger Mayer</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2011–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Katzenberg" title="Jeffrey Katzenberg">Jeffrey Katzenberg</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Reynolds" title="Debbie Reynolds">Debbie Reynolds</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geena_Davis" title="Geena Davis">Geena Davis</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Perry" title="Tyler Perry">Tyler Perry</a> / <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture & Television Fund</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Glover" title="Danny Glover">Danny Glover</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Satter" title="Michelle Satter">Michelle Satter</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Template:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Template talk:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" title="Jefferson Awards for Public Service">Jefferson Awards for Public Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="U.S._Senator_John_Heinz_Award_for_Outstanding_Public_Service_by_an_Elected_or_Appointed_Official" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Outstanding Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Rodino" title="Peter W. Rodino">Peter W. Rodino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns">Arthur F. Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Simon" title="William E. Simon">William E. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Michael Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_A._Gibson" title="Kenneth A. Gibson">Kenneth A. Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Schaefer" title="William Donald Schaefer">William Donald Schaefer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">William H. Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">William J. Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Everett_Koop" title="C. Everett Koop">C. Everett Koop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Paul Nitze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Carla Hills">Carla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Michel">Bob Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Harry Blackmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin">Robert Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hamilton" title="Lee Hamilton">Lee Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kean" title="Thomas Kean">Thomas Kean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Daley" title="Richard M. Daley">Richard M. Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coburn" title="Tom Coburn">Tom Coburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Giffords" title="Gabby Giffords">Gabby Giffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Duncan" title="Arne Duncan">Arne Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="S._Roger_Horchow_Award_for_Outstanding_Public_Service_by_a_Private_Citizen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">S. Roger Horchow Award for Outstanding Public Service by a Private Citizen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Gardner" title="John W. Gardner">John W. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Buchwald" title="Art Buchwald">Art Buchwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mellon" title="Paul Mellon">Paul Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Jarvis" title="Howard Jarvis">Howard Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peter_Grace" title="J. Peter Grace">J. Peter Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Iacocca" title="Lee Iacocca">Lee Iacocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Brown" title="Irving Brown">Irving Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Rouse" class="mw-redirect" title="James W. Rouse">James W. Rouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Cherne" title="Leo Cherne">Leo Cherne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Macauley" title="Robert Macauley">Robert Macauley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Burke" title="James E. Burke">James E. Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brady" title="James Brady">James Brady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Brady" title="Sarah Brady">Sarah Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Annenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Annenberg">Walter H. Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lamb" title="Brian Lamb">Brian Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elayne_Bennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elayne Bennett (page does not exist)">Elayne Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Benna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ted Benna (page does not exist)">Ted Benna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Tartikoff" title="Lilly Tartikoff">Lilly Tartikoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Buydens" title="Anne Buydens">Anne Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vartan_Gregorian" title="Vartan Gregorian">Vartan Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Jeffrey Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Jagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Jagen (page does not exist)">Edward Jagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Mortenson" title="Greg Mortenson">Greg Mortenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Hawley" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamela Hawley">Pamela Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Farmer" title="Paul Farmer">Paul Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Shore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Shore (page does not exist)">Bill Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Connick_Jr." title="Harry Connick Jr.">Harry Connick Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branford_Marsalis" title="Branford Marsalis">Branford Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Shue" title="Andrew Shue">Andrew Shue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Best_(businessman)" title="Charles Best (businessman)">Charles Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Skoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Skoll">Jeff Skoll</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Hageman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Hageman (page does not exist)">Ivan Hageman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamandis" title="Peter Diamandis">Peter Diamandis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Johnson" title="Sheila Johnson">Sheila Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_Benefiting_the_Disadvantaged" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Thomas Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Sullivan" title="Leon Sullivan">Leon Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Theodore Hesburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Rusk">Howard Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allard_Lowenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Allard Lowenstein">Allard Lowenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marva_Collins" title="Marva Collins">Marva Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Claude Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maude_E._Callen" title="Maude E. Callen">Maude E. Callen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Lang" title="Eugene Lang">Eugene Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Sagan" title="Ginetta Sagan">Ginetta Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ritter" title="Bruce Ritter">Bruce Ritter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimi_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimi Gray (page does not exist)">Kimi Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Escalante" title="Jaime Escalante">Jaime Escalante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Shriver" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunice Shriver">Eunice Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseola_McCarty" title="Oseola McCarty">Oseola McCarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_S._Lott_Sr." title="Thaddeus S. Lott Sr.">Thaddeus S. Lott Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fuller" title="Millard Fuller">Millard Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Carson" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Carson">Benjamin Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Krim" title="Mathilde Krim">Mathilde Krim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Shuttlesworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred L. Shuttlesworth">Fred L. Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Pelzer" title="Dave Pelzer">Dave Pelzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._King_Jordan" title="I. King Jordan">I. King Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Canada" title="Geoffrey Canada">Geoffrey Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darell_Hammond" title="Darell Hammond">Darell Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Milliken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. Milliken (page does not exist)">William E. Milliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gibbons_(US_executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Gibbons (US executive)">Jim Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Reinsdorf" title="Jerry Reinsdorf">Jerry Reinsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Proudfit" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Proudfit">Richard Proudfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Jos%C3%A9_Greer" title="Pedro José Greer">Pedro José Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Zimmer" title="Kyle Zimmer">Kyle Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Samuel_S._Beard_Award_for_Outstanding_Public_Service_by_an_Individual_35_Years_or_Under" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Samuel S. Beard Award for Outstanding Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Yablonski" title="Joseph Yablonski">Joseph Yablonski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynard_Jackson" title="Maynard Jackson">Maynard Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Tyrrell" title="Emmett Tyrrell">Emmett Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Socorro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Vilma Socorro Martínez">Vilma S. Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Cleland" title="Max Cleland">Max Cleland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Powell" title="Bernard Powell">Bernard Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Hayes" title="Denis Hayes">Denis Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics#Ice_hockey" title="United States at the 1980 Winter Olympics">1980 US Olympic Hockey Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stockman" title="David Stockman">David Stockman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cisneros" title="Henry Cisneros">Henry Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Scruggs" title="Jan Scruggs">Jan Scruggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Ferrell" title="Trevor Ferrell">Trevor Ferrell</a></li> <li>Robert Hayes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlee_Matlin" title="Marlee Matlin">Marlee Matlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Buoniconti" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Buoniconti">Marc Buoniconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Donahue" title="Anne Donahue">Anne Donahue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Kopp" title="Wendy Kopp">Wendy Kopp</a></li> <li>Michael Brown, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Khazei" title="Alan Khazei">Alan Khazei</a></li> <li>Mary Taylor</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayne_Meisel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayne Meisel (page does not exist)">Wayne Meisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacey_Bess" title="Stacey Bess">Stacey Bess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jaeger" title="Andrea Jaeger">Andrea Jaeger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Danziger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Danziger (page does not exist)">Michael Danziger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shriver" title="Anthony Shriver">Anthony Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Hill" title="Faith Hill">Faith Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_Armstrong" title="Lance Armstrong">Lance Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chad_Pregracke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chad Pregracke (page does not exist)">Chad Pregracke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Meyer" title="Matthew Meyer">Matthew Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirsten_Lodal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirsten Lodal (page does not exist)">Kirsten Lodal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Kreiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Kreiter (page does not exist)">Brian Kreiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Shuldiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Shuldiner">Benjamin Shuldiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Manning" title="Peyton Manning">Peyton Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hyde" title="Lindsay Hyde">Lindsay Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Robbins" title="Ocean Robbins">Ocean Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Staple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Staple">Jennifer Staple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tad_Skylar_Agoglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tad Skylar Agoglia">Tad Skylar Agoglia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brittany_Bergquist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brittany Bergquist (page does not exist)">Brittany Bergquist</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robbie_Bergquist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robbie Bergquist (page does not exist)">Robbie Bergquist</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber_Lynn_Coffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amber Lynn Coffman (page does not exist)">Amber Lynn Coffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neilesh_Patel" title="Neilesh Patel">Neilesh Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Andraka" title="Jack Andraka">Jack Andraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bush" title="Lauren Bush">Lauren Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Young_American_Soldier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Young American Soldier (page does not exist)">The Young American Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_in_Professional_Sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service in Professional Sports</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Asomugha" title="Nnamdi Asomugha">Nnamdi Asomugha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrus_Thomas" title="Tyrus Thomas">Tyrus Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Granderson" title="Curtis Granderson">Curtis Granderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Holden" title="Stuart Holden">Stuart Holden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Howard" title="Dwight Howard">Dwight Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Nowitzki" title="Dirk Nowitzki">Dirk Nowitzki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Tuck" title="Justin Tuck">Justin Tuck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Williams" title="Lauryn Williams">Lauryn Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus_Williams" title="Venus Williams">Venus Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zimmerman" title="Ryan Zimmerman">Ryan Zimmerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Brees" title="Drew Brees">Drew Brees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamika_Catchings" title="Tamika Catchings">Tamika Catchings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Curry" title="Stephen Curry">Stephen Curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrick_Dunn" title="Warrick Dunn">Warrick Dunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brad_Davis_(soccer)" title="Brad Davis (soccer)">Brad Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Els" title="Ernie Els">Ernie Els</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Hall_(runner)" title="Ryan Hall (runner)">Ryan Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Pierce" title="Paul Pierce">Paul Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/CC_Sabathia" title="CC Sabathia">CC Sabathia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Westbrook" title="Brian Westbrook">Brian Westbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Affeldt" title="Jeremy Affeldt">Jeremy Affeldt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dereck_Faulkner" title="Dereck Faulkner">Dereck Faulkner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Foudy" title="Julie Foudy">Julie Foudy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Karstens" title="Jeff Karstens">Jeff Karstens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Kelly" title="Jim Kelly">Jim Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kimball" title="Charlie Kimball">Charlie Kimball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_LaFontaine" title="Pat LaFontaine">Pat LaFontaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Navies" title="Hannibal Navies">Hannibal Navies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Saturday" title="Jeff Saturday">Jeff Saturday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy_Vincent" title="Troy Vincent">Troy Vincent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marty_Lyons" title="Marty Lyons">Marty Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ein" title="Mark Ein">Mark Ein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rivera" title="Mariano Rivera">Mariano Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Thrash" title="James Thrash">James Thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Jackson_(running_back)" title="Fred Jackson (running back)">Fred Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Decker" title="Eric Decker">Eric Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Joe Torre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lifetime_Achievement_in_Public_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lifetime Achievement in Public Service</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Chambers" title="Ray Chambers">Ray Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlo_Thomas" title="Marlo Thomas">Marlo Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Hatkoff" title="Craig Hatkoff">Craig Hatkoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Rosenthal" title="Jane Rosenthal">Jane Rosenthal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Robin_Hood_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Robin Hood Foundation (page does not exist)">The Robin Hood Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_National_or_Global_Service_by_a_Young_American_25_Years_or_Under" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding National or Global Service by a Young American 25 Years or Under</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellie_Duke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellie Duke (page does not exist)">Ellie Duke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Foronda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Foronda (page does not exist)">Katherine Foronda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Gonder" title="Ted Gonder">Ted Gonder</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dallas_Jessup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dallas Jessup (page does not exist)">Dallas Jessup</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Lindle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Lindle (page does not exist)">Emma Lindle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tristan_Love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tristan Love (page does not exist)">Tristan Love</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Mintz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jessie Mintz (page does not exist)">Jessie Mintz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoe_Ridolfi-Starr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoe Ridolfi-Starr (page does not exist)">Zoe Ridolfi-Starr</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Togani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Togani (page does not exist)">Joe Togani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Voigt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly Voigt (page does not exist)">Kelly Voigt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicomac_Elementary_School_Student_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicomac Elementary School Student Council (page does not exist)">Sicomac Elementary School Student Council</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sashin_Choksh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sashin Choksh (page does not exist)">Sashin Choksh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgan_Harley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morgan Harley (page does not exist)">Morgan Harley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Nance" title="Greg Nance">Greg Nance</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Hebert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Hebert (page does not exist)">Nick Hebert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Ip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Ip (page does not exist)">Patrick Ip</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talia_Lemon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talia Lemon (page does not exist)">Talia Lemon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Nuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Nuss (page does not exist)">Sarah Nuss</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mordecai_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mordecai Scott (page does not exist)">Mordecai Scott</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jessica Singer (page does not exist)">Jessica Singer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrone_Stevenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrone Stevenson (page does not exist)">Tyrone Stevenson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanessa_Strickland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanessa Strickland (page does not exist)">Vanessa Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Pravda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian Pravda (page does not exist)">Lillian Pravda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Keller" title="Maria Keller">Maria Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corinne_Hindes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corinne Hindes (page does not exist)">Corinne Hindes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katrine_Krisebom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katrine Krisebom (page does not exist)">Katrine Krisebom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robby_Novak" title="Robby Novak">Kid President</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophia_S%C3%A1nchez-Maes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophia Sánchez-Maes (page does not exist)">Sophia Sánchez-Maes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Hernandez" title="Laurie Hernandez">Laurie Hernandez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_by_a_Corporation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service by a Corporation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Financial" title="Prudential Financial">Prudential</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starkey_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Starkey Laboratories">Starkey Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyerhaeuser" title="Weyerhaeuser">Weyerhaeuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warby_Parker" title="Warby Parker">Warby Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(2010s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template talk:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(2010s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honorees</a> (2010s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_T._Jones" title="Bill T. Jones">Bill T. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Cook" title="Barbara Cook">Barbara Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Letterman" title="David Letterman">David Letterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Makarova" title="Natalia Makarova">Natalia Makarova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martina_Arroyo" title="Martina Arroyo">Martina Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_McBride" title="Patricia McBride">Patricia McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiji_Ozawa" title="Seiji Ozawa">Seiji Ozawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Argerich" title="Martha Argerich">Martha Argerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavis_Staples" title="Mavis Staples">Mavis Staples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_de_Lavallade" title="Carmen de Lavallade">Carmen de Lavallade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LL_Cool_J" title="LL Cool J">LL Cool J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reba_McEntire" title="Reba McEntire">Reba McEntire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kail" title="Thomas Kail">Thomas Kail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Lacamoire" title="Alex Lacamoire">Alex Lacamoire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Blankenbuehler" title="Andy Blankenbuehler">Andy Blankenbuehler</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Montecito_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Montecito_Award" title="Template:Montecito Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Montecito_Award" title="Template talk:Montecito Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Montecito_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Montecito Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Montecito_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_International_Film_Festival#Montecito_Award" title="Santa Barbara International Film Festival">Montecito Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Bening" title="Annette Bening">Annette Bening</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Watts" title="Naomi Watts">Naomi Watts</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Condon" title="Bill Condon">Bill Condon</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Bardem" title="Javier Bardem">Javier Bardem</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2013)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston" title="Jennifer Aniston">Jennifer Aniston</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoirse_Ronan" title="Saoirse Ronan">Saoirse Ronan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_McCarthy" title="Melissa McCarthy">Melissa McCarthy</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o" title="Lupita Nyong'o">Lupita Nyong'o</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Seyfried" title="Amanda Seyfried">Amanda Seyfried</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Penelope Cruz">Penelope Cruz</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Wright" title="Jeffrey Wright">Jeffrey Wright</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Entertainer_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_LaBelle" title="Patti LaBelle">Patti LaBelle</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (1989)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_LaBelle" title="Patti LaBelle">Patti LaBelle</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babyface_(musician)" title="Babyface (musician)">Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Harvey" title="Steve Harvey">Steve Harvey</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Hart" title="Kevin Hart">Kevin Hart</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson" title="Taraji P. Henson">Taraji P. Henson</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_B._Jordan" title="Michael B. Jordan">Michael B. Jordan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson" title="Dwayne Johnson">Dwayne Johnson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ava_DuVernay" title="Ava DuVernay">Ava DuVernay</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzo" title="Lizzo">Lizzo</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Nice" title="D-Nice">D-Nice</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson" title="Jennifer Hudson">Jennifer Hudson</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usher_(musician)" title="Usher (musician)">Usher</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_–_Hall_of_Fame_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Template:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_–_Hall_of_Fame_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award">NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Hunter" title="Alberta Hunter">Alberta Hunter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Rolle" title="Esther Rolle">Esther Rolle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_Hopkins" title="Linda Hopkins">Linda Hopkins</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">Four Tops</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_O%27Jays" title="The O'Jays">The O'Jays</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Dells" title="The Dells">The Dells</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_McRae" title="Carmen McRae">Carmen McRae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Butler" title="Jerry Butler">Jerry Butler</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(jazz_singer)" title="Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)">Nancy Wilson</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Battle" title="Kathleen Battle">Kathleen Battle</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> (2004)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Avant" title="Clarence Avant">Clarence Avant</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beah_Richards" title="Beah Richards">Beah Richards</a> (1970)</li> <li>No Awards (1971–1984)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (1985)</li> <li>No Award (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traci_Wolfe" title="Traci Wolfe">Traci Wolfe</a> (1987)</li> <li>Juanita Waterman (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzzanne_Douglas" title="Suzzanne Douglas">Suzzanne Douglas</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> (1990)</li> <li>No Awards (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (1992)</li> <li>No Awards (1993–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Devine" title="Loretta Devine">Loretta Devine</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Devine" title="Loretta Devine">Loretta Devine</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_P._Hall" title="Irma P. Hall">Irma P. Hall</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfre_Woodard" title="Alfre Woodard">Alfre Woodard</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfre_Woodard" title="Alfre Woodard">Alfre Woodard</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_King" title="Regina King">Regina King</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson" title="Jennifer Hudson">Jennifer Hudson</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson" title="Taraji P. Henson">Taraji P. Henson</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%27Nique" title="Mo'Nique">Mo'Nique</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Elise" title="Kimberly Elise">Kimberly Elise</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_Spencer" title="Octavia Spencer">Octavia Spencer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Washington" title="Kerry Washington">Kerry Washington</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o" title="Lupita Nyong'o">Lupita Nyong'o</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Ejogo" title="Carmen Ejogo">Carmen Ejogo</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad" title="Phylicia Rashad">Phylicia Rashad</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Haddish" title="Tiffany Haddish">Tiffany Haddish</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danai_Gurira" title="Danai Gurira">Danai Gurira</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsai_Martin" title="Marsai Martin">Marsai Martin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad" title="Phylicia Rashad">Phylicia Rashad</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_King" title="Regina King">Regina King</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson" title="Taraji P. Henson">Taraji P. Henson</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spingarn_Medal_winners" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spingarn_Medal" title="Template:Spingarn Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spingarn_Medal" title="Template talk:Spingarn Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spingarn_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spingarn Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spingarn_Medal_winners" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal</a> winners</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Everett_Just" title="Ernest Everett Just">Ernest Everett Just</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Young_(United_States_Army_officer)" title="Charles Young (United States Army officer)">Charles Young</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Burleigh" title="Harry Burleigh">Harry Burleigh</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Braithwaite" title="William Stanley Braithwaite">William Stanley Braithwaite</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Archibald Grimké">Archibald Grimké</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sidney_Gilpin" title="Charles Sidney Gilpin">Charles Sidney Gilpin</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Roland_Hayes" title="Roland Hayes">Roland Hayes</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Weldon_Johnson" title="James Weldon Johnson">James Weldon Johnson</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Carter_G._Woodson" title="Carter G. Woodson">Carter G. Woodson</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Overton" title="Anthony Overton">Anthony Overton</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Chesnutt" title="Charles W. Chesnutt">Charles W. Chesnutt</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Wyatt_Johnson" title="Mordecai Wyatt Johnson">Mordecai Wyatt Johnson</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Hunt" title="Henry A. Hunt">Henry A. Hunt</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Berry_Harrison" title="Richard Berry Harrison">Richard Berry Harrison</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russa_Moton" title="Robert Russa Moton">Robert Russa Moton</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Max_Yergan" title="Max Yergan">Max Yergan</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/William_T._B._Williams" title="William T. B. Williams">William T. B. Williams</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/John_Hope_(educator)" title="John Hope (educator)">John Hope</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Francis White">Walter Francis White</a></li> <li>1938: no award</li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Louis_T._Wright" title="Louis T. Wright">Louis T. Wright</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(author)" title="Richard Wright (author)">Richard Wright</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/William_H._Hastie" title="William H. Hastie">William H. Hastie</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Drew" title="Charles R. Drew">Charles R. Drew</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian" title="Percy Lavon Julian">Percy Lavon Julian</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Channing_Heggie_Tobias" title="Channing Heggie Tobias">Channing Heggie Tobias</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hamilton_Houston" title="Charles Hamilton Houston">Charles Hamilton Houston</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Keaton_Staupers" title="Mabel Keaton Staupers">Mabel Keaton Staupers</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry T. Moore</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Williams" title="Paul R. Williams">Paul R. Williams</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_K._Lawless" title="Theodore K. Lawless">Theodore K. Lawless</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Carl_J._Murphy" title="Carl J. Murphy">Carl J. Murphy</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(activist)" title="Daisy Bates (activist)">Daisy Bates</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_B._Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth B. Clark">Kenneth B. Clark</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Weaver" title="Robert C. Weaver">Robert C. Weaver</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/John_H._Johnson" title="John H. Johnson">John H. Johnson</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Mitchell_Jr." title="Clarence Mitchell Jr.">Clarence Mitchell Jr.</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lawrence" title="Jacob Lawrence">Jacob Lawrence</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Sullivan" title="Leon Sullivan">Leon Sullivan</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Riles" title="Wilson Riles">Wilson Riles</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Damon_Keith" title="Damon Keith">Damon Keith</a></li> <li>1975: no award</li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey" title="Alvin Ailey">Alvin Ailey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a></li> <li>1978: no award</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Rayford_Logan" title="Rayford Logan">Rayford Logan</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mays" title="Benjamin Mays">Benjamin Elijah Mays</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li>1984: no award</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bradley_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Bradley (American politician)">Tom Bradley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hooks" title="Benjamin Hooks">Benjamin Hooks</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Sutton" title="Percy Sutton">Percy Sutton</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Patterson" title="Frederick D. Patterson">Frederick D. Patterson</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">Douglas Wilder</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/John_Hope_Franklin" title="John Hope Franklin">John Hope Franklin</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/A._Leon_Higginbotham_Jr." title="A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.">A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Rowan" title="Carl Rowan">Carl Rowan</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Myrlie_Evers-Williams" title="Myrlie Evers-Williams">Myrlie Evers-Williams</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Earl_G._Graves_Sr." title="Earl G. Graves Sr.">Earl G. Graves Sr.</a></li> <li>2000: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Carter" title="Robert L. Carter">Robert L. Carter</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hill_(attorney)" title="Oliver Hill (attorney)">Oliver Hill</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">John Conyers</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Muse_Freeman" title="Frankie Muse Freeman">Frankie Muse Freeman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_R._Jones" title="Nathaniel R. Jones">Nathaniel R. Jones</a></li> <li>2017: no award</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gaspard" title="Patrick Gaspard">Patrick Gaspard</a></li> <li>2020: no award</li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Cato_T._Laurencin" title="Cato T. Laurencin">Cato T. Laurencin</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Jim Clyburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="TCA_Career_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TCA_Career_Achievement_Award" title="Template:TCA Career Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TCA_Career_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:TCA Career Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TCA_Career_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TCA Career Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="TCA_Career_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/TCA_Career_Achievement_Award" title="TCA Career Achievement Award">TCA Career Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Tinker" title="Grant Tinker">Grant Tinker</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Street_Blues" title="Hill Street Blues">Hill Street Blues</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brinkley" title="David Brinkley">David Brinkley</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Tartikoff" title="Brandon Tartikoff">Brandon Tartikoff</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuralt" title="Charles Kuralt">Charles Kuralt</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rogers" title="Fred Rogers">Fred Rogers</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roone_Arledge" title="Roone Arledge">Roone Arledge</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Caesar" title="Sid Caesar">Sid Caesar</a> (2001)</li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a></s> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Reiner" title="Carl Reiner">Carl Reiner</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Hewitt" title="Don Hewitt">Don Hewitt</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Newhart" title="Bob Newhart">Bob Newhart</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorne_Michaels" title="Lorne Michaels">Lorne Michaels</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a> (2010)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Letterman" title="David Letterman">David Letterman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burrows" title="James Burrows">James Burrows</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Milch" title="David Milch">David Milch</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Trebek" title="Alex Trebek">Alex Trebek</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Smart" title="Jean Smart">Jean Smart</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Danson" title="Ted Danson">Ted Danson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Braugher" title="Andre Braugher">Andre Braugher</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_Hall_of_Fame_Class_of_1994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1994_Television_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:1994 Television Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1994_Television_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:1994 Television Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1994_Television_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1994 Television Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_Hall_of_Fame_Class_of_1994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_Hall_of_Fame" title="Television Hall of Fame">Television Hall of Fame</a> Class of 1994</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Alda" title="Alan Alda">Alan Alda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cosell" title="Howard Cosell">Howard Cosell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Diller" title="Barry Diller">Barry Diller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Friendly" title="Fred W. Friendly">Fred W. Friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hanna" title="William Hanna">William Hanna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barbera" title="Joseph Barbera">Joseph Barbera</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_topics" title="Template:African American topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_topics" title="Template talk:African American topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history" title="Timeline of African-American history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cowboys" title="Black cowboys">Black cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Black genocide">Black genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_plantation" title="Children of the plantation">Children of the plantation</a></li> <li>Civil Rights Acts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">Civil rights movement 1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">Civil right movement 1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement 1954–1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">Free Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Free people of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009</a> / <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book" title="The Negro Motorist Green Book">The Negro Motorist Green Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">Partus sequitur ventrem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">Women's suffrage movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_mecca" title="Black mecca">Black mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-owned_business" title="Black-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_family_structure" title="African-American family structure">Family structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">Folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_hair" title="African-American hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Negro" title="New Negro">New Negro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_musical_theater" title="African-American musical theater">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Negro National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans" title="Stereotypes of African Americans">Stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Upper class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Attucks" title="Crispus Attucks">Crispus Attucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Bruce" title="Blanche Bruce">Blanche Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Highland_Garnet" title="Henry Highland Garnet">Henry Highland Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Huddie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Prosser">Gabriel Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rainey" title="Joseph Rainey">Joseph Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_R._Revels" title="Hiram R. Revels">Hiram Revels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Education, science and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_studies" title="Black studies">Black studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Black school">Black schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">Historically black colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists" title="List of African-American inventors and scientists">Inventors and scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_focused_on_African_Americans" title="List of museums focused on African Americans">Museums</a></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_computer_science" title="African-American women in computer science">in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_medicine" title="List of African-American women in medicine">in medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields" title="List of African-American women in STEM fields">in STEM fields</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_Black_Americans" title="Religion of Black Americans">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Muslims" title="African-American Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Muslims" title="American Society of Muslims">American Society of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_Father_Divine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctrine of Father Divine">Doctrine of Father Divine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">Self-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Civic and economic groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National Black Chamber of Commerce">National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council" title="National Pan-Hellenic Council">National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League (NUL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_College_Fund" title="Thurgood Marshall College Fund">Thurgood Marshall College Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNCF" title="UNCF">United Negro College Fund (UNCF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_professional_American_football" title="Black players in professional American football">Black players in professional American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_starting_NFL_quarterbacks" title="List of black starting NFL quarterbacks">Black NFL quarterbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_ice_hockey" title="Black players in ice hockey">Black players in ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Athletic associations and conferences</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association">Central (CIAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference" title="Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference">Mid-Eastern (MEAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern (SIAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference" title="Southwestern Athletic Conference">Southwestern (SWAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Ethnic subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By African descent <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_freedmen_controversy" title="Cherokee freedmen controversy">Cherokee freedmen controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_freedmen" title="Choctaw freedmen">Choctaw freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_Freedmen" title="Creek Freedmen">Creek Freedmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">of color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Black populations">U.S. cities with large populations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2000" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2000">2000 majorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2010" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2010">2010 majorities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_large_African-American_populations" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">States and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Seminole_Creole" title="Afro-Seminole Creole">Afro-Seminole Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context" title="African-American Vernacular English and social context">social context</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole" title="Louisiana Creole">Louisiana Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">By state/city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Alabama" title="African Americans in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Arkansas" title="African Americans in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of African Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="African Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Florida" title="African Americans in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Jacksonville" title="History of African Americans in Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida#Black_history" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia" title="African Americans in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hawaii" title="Africans in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Illinois" title="African Americans in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Davenport,_Iowa" title="African Americans in Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kentucky" title="History of African Americans in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhoods_in_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="African-American neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Maryland" title="African Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of African Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of African Americans in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Detroit" title="History of African Americans in Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_history_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="African American history of Nebraska">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_Jersey" title="African Americans in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_North_Carolina" title="African Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oregon" title="African Americans in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="History of African Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Dakota" title="African Americans in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of African Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Austin" title="History of African Americans in Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of African Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_San_Antonio" title="History of African Americans in San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia" title="African Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_West_Virginia" title="African Americans in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_diaspora" title="African-American diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Creole_people" title="Gambian Creole people">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li>America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_emigration" title="Haitian emigration">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikins" title="Merikins">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_France" title="African Americans in France">France</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_African_Americans" title="Lists of African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_activists" title="List of African-American activists">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_actors" title="List of African-American actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_astronauts" title="List of African-American astronauts">Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_billionaires" title="Black billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_journalists" title="List of African American journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_jurists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American jurists">Jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_mathematicians" title="List of African-American mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Republicans" title="List of African-American Republicans">Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_singers" title="List of African-American singers">Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_sportspeople" title="List of African American sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of African-American United States Cabinet members">US cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">US representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">US senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_visual_artists" title="List of African-American visual artists">Visual artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_writers" title="List of African-American writers">Writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American firsts">African-American firsts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_mayors" title="List of first African-American mayors">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_sports_firsts" title="List of African-American sports firsts">Sports firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_U.S._state_firsts" title="List of African-American U.S. state firsts">US state firsts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places" title="List of African-American historic places">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans" title="Index of articles related to African Americans">Index of related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_African-American_legislation" title="List of landmark African-American legislation">Landmark African-American legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">Lynching victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_to_African_Americans" title="List of monuments to African Americans">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_the_African_diaspora" title="List of topics related to the African diaspora">Topics related to the African diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_society" title="Category:African-American society">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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