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Air - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat-sifat_kimia_dan_fisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat-sifat_kimia_dan_fisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sifat-sifat kimia dan fisika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sifat-sifat_kimia_dan_fisika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sifat-sifat kimia dan fisika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sifat_kimia_dan_fisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elektrolisis_air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektrolisis_air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Elektrolisis air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektrolisis_air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelarutan_(solvasi)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelarutan_(solvasi)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kelarutan (solvasi)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelarutan_(solvasi)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kohesi_dan_adhesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kohesi_dan_adhesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kohesi dan adhesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kohesi_dan_adhesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tegangan_permukaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tegangan_permukaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Tegangan permukaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tegangan_permukaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_dalam_kehidupan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_dalam_kehidupan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Air dalam kehidupan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Air_dalam_kehidupan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Air dalam kehidupan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Air_dalam_kehidupan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Makhluk_air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makhluk_air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Makhluk air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makhluk_air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_dan_manusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_dan_manusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Air dan manusia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Air_dan_manusia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Air dan manusia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Air_dan_manusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_minum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_minum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Air minum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_minum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelarut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelarut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pelarut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelarut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zona_biologis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zona_biologis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Zona biologis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zona_biologis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fresh_water_Generator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fresh_water_Generator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fresh water Generator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fresh_water_Generator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reverse_osmosis_/_Osmosis_terbalik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reverse_osmosis_/_Osmosis_terbalik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reverse osmosis / Osmosis terbalik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reverse_osmosis_/_Osmosis_terbalik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_dalam_kesenian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_dalam_kesenian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Air dalam kesenian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Air_dalam_kesenian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Air dalam kesenian</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Air_dalam_kesenian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seni_lukis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seni_lukis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Seni lukis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seni_lukis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fotografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Fotografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seni_tetesan_air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seni_tetesan_air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Seni tetesan air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seni_tetesan_air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artikel_Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artikel_Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Artikel Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artikel_Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi_umum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi_umum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Referensi umum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi_umum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_sebagai_sumber_daya_alam_alami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_sebagai_sumber_daya_alam_alami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Air sebagai sumber daya alam alami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_sebagai_sumber_daya_alam_alami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Air</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 271 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-271" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">271 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D3%A1%D1%8B" title="Аӡы – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аӡы" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%83" title="ውሃ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ውሃ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanum" title="Nanum – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Nanum" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augua" title="Augua – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Augua" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A6ter" title="Wæter – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wæter" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%CC%84" title="Mun̄ – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mun̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ماء – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܡܝܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ما – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ما" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ميه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="পানী – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পানী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipi" title="Nipi – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Nipi" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Лъим – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лъим" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma" title="Uma – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Uma" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su" title="Su – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Su" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88" title="سو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һыу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toya" title="Toya – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Toya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wossa" title="Wossa – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wossa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondou" title="Ondou – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ondou" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aek" title="Aek – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Aek" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buek" title="Buek – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Buek" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вада – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вада – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A8r" title="Aèr – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Aèr" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wota" title="Wota – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Wota" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ထီ – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji" title="Ji – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Ji" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="পানি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dour" title="Dour – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Уһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aigua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agwa" title="Agwa – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Agwa" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABi" title="Cūi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8" title="Хи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5nom" title="Hånom – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Hånom" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B9" title="ᎠᎹ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎹ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahpe" title="Mahpe – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Mahpe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ئاو – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv" title="Suv – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Suv" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Шыв – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шыв" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%B5r" title="Dŵr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dŵr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vand" title="Vand – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C9%94" title="Koɔ – Southern Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Koɔ" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Southern Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piu" title="Piu – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piu" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awe" title="Awe – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Awe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3da" title="Wóda – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wóda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waig" title="Waig – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Waig" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="पानि – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पानि" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ފެން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފެން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C" title="Νερό – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νερό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvo" title="Akvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur" title="Ur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8" title="آب – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndiyam" title="Ndiyam – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ndiyam" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wai" title="Wai – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Wai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACn" title="Sìn – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Sìn" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau" title="Eau – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weeder" title="Weeder – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Weeder" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghe" title="Aghe – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Aghe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetter" title="Wetter – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wetter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisce" title="Uisce – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uisce" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilo" title="Dilo – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dilo" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisge" title="Uisge – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Uisge" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga" title="Auga – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Auga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88" title="آو – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آو" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y" title="Y – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Y" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe&#039;ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95" title="उदक – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उदक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%80" title="પાણી – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પાણી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushtey" title="Ushtey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ushtey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwa" title="Ruwa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ruwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAi" title="Súi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Súi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2" title="जल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paani" title="Paani – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paani" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlo" title="Dlo – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dlo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADz" title="Víz – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Víz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ջուր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ջուր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ջուր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai" title="Ai – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ai" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmiri" title="Mmiri – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmiri" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danum" title="Danum – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Danum" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хий – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquo" title="Aquo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aquo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%92%AA%E1%96%85" title="ᐃᒪᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᒪᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waata" title="Waata – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Waata" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/djacu" title="djacu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="djacu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="წყალი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suw" title="Suw – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Suw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9m" title="Lɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot" title="A̱sa̱khwot – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱sa̱khwot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maza" title="Maza – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Maza" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uway" title="Uway – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Uway" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa%C4%A9" title="Maaĩ – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Maaĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83" title="Су – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Су" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80" title="ទឹក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទឹក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ನೀರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೀರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC" title="물 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A0_%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%A8" title="پونؠ یا آب – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پونؠ یا آب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av" title="Av – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Av" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowr" title="Dowr – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dowr" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%83" title="Суу – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waasser" title="Waasser – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Waasser" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4" title="Яд – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Яд" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acua" title="Acua – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Acua" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazzi" title="Amazzi – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Amazzi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86goa" title="Ægoa – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ægoa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88ga" title="Èga – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Èga" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1i" title="Mái – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mái" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ນ້ໍາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນ້ໍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanduo" title="Vanduo – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vanduo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudi%C5%86s" title="Iudiņs – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iudiņs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAdens" title="Ūdens – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ūdens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Ведь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ведь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rano" title="Rano – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wai" title="Wai – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aia" title="Aia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Aia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ജലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81" title="Ус – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯏꯁꯤꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯁꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="पाणी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga" title="Auga – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Auga" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1" title="ရေ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Ведь – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ведь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88" title="ئو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ئو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atl" title="Atl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Atl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83" title="लः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vann" title="Vann – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%96%DF%8C" title="ߖߌ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߌ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieau" title="Ieau – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ieau" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3" title="Tó – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aiga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezi" title="Vezi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vezi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishaan" title="Bishaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bishaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B3" title="ଜଳ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дон – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80" title="ਪਾਣੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਣੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danum" title="Danum – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Danum" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awa" title="Awa – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Awa" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieu" title="Ieu – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ieu" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva" title="Eva – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Eva" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%8C" title="پاݨی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاݨی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اوبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gua" title="Água – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Água" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaku" title="Yaku – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%A2" title="Apâ – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Apâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazi" title="Amazi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Amazi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जलम् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83" title="Уу – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C" title="ᱫᱟᱜ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱟᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba" title="Aba – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aba" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua_(v%C3%ACppita)" title="Acqua (vìppita) – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Acqua (vìppita)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watter" title="Watter – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Watter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%8A" title="پاڻي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پاڻي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%A1hci" title="Čáhci – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čáhci" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ၼမ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼမ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="ජලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%8C" title="پاݨی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پاݨی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai" title="Vai – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vai" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mvura" title="Mvura – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mvura" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyo" title="Biyo – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Biyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uji" title="Uji – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uji" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsi" title="Metsi – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Metsi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai" title="Cai – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatten" title="Vatten – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vatten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maji" title="Maji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%9A%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%98%EA%A0%A4" title="ꠚꠣꠘꠤ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠚꠣꠘꠤ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanum" title="nanum – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="nanum" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="நீர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99sya" title="’sya – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="’sya" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ನೀರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನೀರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="నీరు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నీరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1" title="Об – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Об" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="น้ำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suw" title="Suw – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Suw" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai" title="Vai – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Vai" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wara" title="Wara – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Wara" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su" title="Su – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Su" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qsiya" title="Qsiya – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Qsiya" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati" title="Mati – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mati" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83" title="Су – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Су" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsuo" title="Nsuo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nsuo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83" title="Ву – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ву" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87" title="سۇ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پانی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv" title="Suv – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cua" title="Àcua – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Àcua" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezi" title="Vezi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vezi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Nước – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat" title="Vat – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiwe_(tchimeye)" title="Aiwe (tchimeye) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Aiwe (tchimeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndox" title="Ndox – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ndox" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanzi" title="Amanzi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Amanzi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="წყარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="წყარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="וואסער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואסער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omi" title="Omi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Omi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raemx" title="Raemx – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Raemx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵎⴰⵏ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi" title="Chúi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanzi" title="Amanzi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Amanzi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q283#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Air" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_pelindungan#semi" title="Artikel ini dilindungi semi."><img alt="Halaman yang dilindungi semi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/250px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/330px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/500px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>Air dalam tiga wujudnya, <a href="/wiki/Cairan" title="Cairan">cairan</a> di laut, <a href="/wiki/Es" title="Es">es</a> yang mengambang, dan awan di udara yang merupakan <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Air</b>, <b>tirta</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> atau <b>ayar</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> adalah <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">senyawa</a> yang penting bagi semua bentuk <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan">kehidupan</a> yang diketahui sampai saat ini di Bumi,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tetapi tidak di planet lain.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Air menutupi hampir 71% permukaan Bumi. Terdapat 1,4 triliun <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" title="Kilometer">kilometer</a> kubik (330 juta mil³) tersedia di Bumi.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rumus kimianya adalah <span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub>2</sub>O</span>, yang setiap molekulnya mengandung satu <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> dan dua <a href="/wiki/Atom_hidrogen" title="Atom hidrogen">atom hidrogen</a> yang dihubungkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">ikatan kovalen</a>. Air sebagian besar terdapat di <a href="/wiki/Laut" title="Laut">laut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Air_asin" title="Air asin">air asin</a>) dan pada lapisan-lapisan es (di kutub dan puncak-puncak gunung), akan tetapi juga dapat hadir sebagai <a href="/wiki/Awan" title="Awan">awan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan">hujan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai">sungai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muka_air_tawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Muka air tawar (halaman belum tersedia)">muka air tawar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danau" title="Danau">danau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Lautan_es" class="mw-redirect" title="Lautan es">lautan es</a>. Air dalam objek-objek tersebut bergerak mengikuti suatu <a href="/wiki/Siklus_air" title="Siklus air">siklus air</a>, yaitu: melalui <a href="/wiki/Penguapan" title="Penguapan">penguapan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan">hujan</a>, dan aliran air di atas permukaan tanah (<i>runoff</i>, meliputi <a href="/wiki/Mata_air" title="Mata air">mata air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai">sungai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muara" class="mw-redirect" title="Muara">muara</a>) menuju <a href="/wiki/Laut" title="Laut">laut</a>. Air bersih penting bagi kehidupan <a href="/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia">manusia</a>. </p><p>Untuk mendapatkan air tawar dari air laut bisa dilakukan dengan cara <a href="/wiki/Osmosis_terbalik" title="Osmosis terbalik">osmosis terbalik</a>, yaitu suatu proses penyaringan air laut dengan menggunakan tekanan dialirkan melalui suatu membran saring. Sistem ini disebut SWRO (Seawater Reverse Osmosis) dan banyak digunakan pada kapal laut atau instalasi air bersih di pantai dengan bahan baku air laut. </p><p>Cara lain adalah dengan menggunakan pesawat Fresh Water Generator (FWG). <a href="/wiki/Fresh_Water_Generator_(FWG)" title="Fresh Water Generator (FWG)">Fresh Water Generator (FWG)</a> adalah pesawat pembuat <a href="/wiki/Air_tawar" title="Air tawar">air tawar</a> dengan jalan menguapkan <a href="/wiki/Air_laut" title="Air laut">air laut</a> didalam penguap (Evaporator) dan <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a> laut tersebut didinginkan dengan cara kondensasi di dalam pesawat Destilasi/kondensor (pengembun), sehingga menghasilkan air kondensasi yang disebut kondensat. Fresh water generator, merupakan salah satu pesawat bantu yang penting di atas <a href="/wiki/Kapal" title="Kapal">kapal</a>. Hal ini di karenakan dengan menggunanaka FWG (Fresh water generator) dapat menghasilkan air tawar yang dapat digunakan untuk minum, memasak, mencuci dan bahkan menjalankan mesin penting lainnya yang menggunakan air tawar sebagai media pendingin. </p><p>Di banyak tempat di dunia terjadi kekurangan persediaan air. Selain di Bumi, sejumlah besar air juga diperkirakan terdapat pada <a href="/wiki/Kutub" class="mw-disambig" title="Kutub">kutub</a> utara dan selatan planet <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, serta pada bulan-bulan <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Enseladus" title="Enseladus">Enseladus</a>. Air dapat berwujud <a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padatan</a> (es), <a href="/wiki/Cair" class="mw-redirect" title="Cair">cairan</a> (air) dan <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> (uap air). Air merupakan satu-satunya zat yang secara alami terdapat di permukaan Bumi dalam ketiga wujudnya tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pengelolaan sumber daya air yang kurang baik dapat menyebakan kekurangan air, monopolisasi serta privatisasi dan bahkan menyulut konflik.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Indonesia telah memiliki undang-undang yang mengatur sumber daya air sejak tahun 2004, yakni Undang Undang nomor 7 tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air. Namun, karena UU tersebut dinilai bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 maka MK membatalkan seluruh pasal yang ada dalam UU tersebut. Sehingga, UU Nomor 11 tahun 1974 tentang Pengairan kembali berlaku untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum hingga adanya pembentukan uu yang baru.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat-sifat_kimia_dan_fisika">Sifat-sifat kimia dan fisika</h2></div> <table class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><a href="/wiki/Air_(molekul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air (molekul)">Air</a></big> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Water_molecule_dimensions.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dimensi dan struktur geometri sebuah molekul air."><img alt="Dimensi dan struktur geometri sebuah molekul air." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Water_molecule_dimensions.svg/135px-Water_molecule_dimensions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Water_molecule_dimensions.svg/203px-Water_molecule_dimensions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Water_molecule_dimensions.svg/270px-Water_molecule_dimensions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="388" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Water_molecule_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Model ruang-terisi menggambarkan struktur molekul air."><img alt="Model ruang-terisi menggambarkan struktur molekul air." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Water_molecule_%281%29.svg/120px-Water_molecule_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Water_molecule_%281%29.svg/250px-Water_molecule_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Informasi dan sifat-sifat </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatanama_IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatanama IUPAC">Nama sistematis</a> </td> <td>air </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nama alternatif </td> <td>aqua, dihidrogen monoksida, <br />Hidrogen hidroksida </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rumus_molekul" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumus molekul">Rumus molekul</a> </td> <td>H<sub>2</sub>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_molar" title="Massa molar">Massa molar</a> </td> <td>18.0153 g/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Densitas">Densitas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fase_(materi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fase (materi)">fase</a> </td> <td>0.998 g/cm³ <small>(cariran pada 20&#160;°C)</small><br /> 0.92 g/cm³ <small>(padatan)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titik_beku" class="mw-redirect" title="Titik beku">Titik beku</a> </td> <td>0 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a> (273.15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>) (32 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a> </td> <td>100&#160;°C (373.15 K) (212&#160;°F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalor_jenis" title="Kalor jenis">Kalor jenis</a> </td> <td>4184 J/(kg·K) <small>(cairan pada 20&#160;°C)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_(halaman_data)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Air (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Halaman data tambahan</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2"><small><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox (halaman belum tersedia)">Disclaimer and references</a></i></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Air_(molekul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air (molekul)">Air (molekul)</a></div> <p>Air adalah substansi kimia dengan <a href="/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia">rumus kimia</a> <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a>: satu <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> air tersusun atas dua <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">terikat secara kovalen</a> pada satu atom <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>. Air bersifat tidak <a href="/wiki/Warna" title="Warna">berwarna</a>, tidak <a href="/wiki/Rasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasa">berasa</a> dan tidak <a href="/wiki/Bau" title="Bau">berbau</a> pada kondisi standar, yaitu pada <a href="/wiki/Tekanan" title="Tekanan">tekanan</a> 100 kPa (1 bar) and <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatur">temperatur</a> 273,15 K (0&#160;°C). Zat kimia ini merupakan suatu <a href="/wiki/Pelarut" title="Pelarut">pelarut</a> yang penting, yang memiliki kemampuan untuk melarutkan banyak zat kimia lainnya, seperti <a href="/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia)">garam-garam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">gula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam" title="Asam">asam</a>, beberapa jenis <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> dan banyak macam <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">molekul organik</a>. </p><p>Keadaan air yang berbentuk cair merupakan suatu keadaan yang tidak umum dalam kondisi normal, terlebih lagi dengan memperhatikan hubungan antara hidrida-hidrida lain yang mirip dalam kolom oksigen pada <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a>, yang mengisyaratkan bahwa air seharusnya berbentuk gas, sebagaimana <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">hidrogen sulfida</a>. Dengan memperhatikan <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a>, terlihat bahwa <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur-unsur</a> yang mengelilingi oksigen adalah <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">flor</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Klor" class="mw-redirect" title="Klor">klor</a>. Semua elemen-elemen ini apabila berikatan dengan hidrogen akan menghasilkan gas pada temperatur dan tekanan normal. Alasan mengapa hidrogen berikatan dengan oksigen membentuk fase berkeadaan cair, adalah karena oksigen lebih bersifat elektronegatif ketimbang elemen-elemen lain tersebut (kecuali flor). </p><p>Tarikan atom oksigen pada elektron-elektron ikatan jauh lebih kuat daripada yang dilakukan oleh atom hidrogen, meninggalkan jumlah muatan positif pada kedua atom hidrogen, dan jumlah muatan negatif pada atom oksigen. Adanya muatan pada tiap-tiap atom tersebut membuat molekul air memiliki sejumlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Momen_dipol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Momen dipol (halaman belum tersedia)">momen dipol</a>. Gaya tarik-menarik listrik antar molekul-molekul air akibat adanya dipol ini membuat masing-masing molekul saling berdekatan, membuatnya sulit untuk dipisahkan dan yang pada akhirnya menaikkan titik didih air. Gaya tarik-menarik ini disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_hidrogen" title="Ikatan hidrogen">ikatan hidrogen</a>. </p><p>Air sering disebut sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Pelarut" title="Pelarut">pelarut</a> universal</i> karena air melarutkan banyak zat kimia. Air berada dalam kesetimbangan dinamis antara fase <a href="/wiki/Cair" class="mw-redirect" title="Cair">cair</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a> di bawah tekanan dan temperatur standar. Dalam bentuk ion, air dapat dideskripsikan sebagai sebuah ion hidrogen (<a href="/wiki/Hidron_(kimia)" title="Hidron (kimia)">H</a><sup>+</sup>) yang berasosiasi (berikatan) dengan sebuah ion hidroksida (<a href="/wiki/Hidroksida" title="Hidroksida">OH</a><sup>-</sup>). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Havasu_Falls_2_md.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Havasu_Falls_2_md.jpg/250px-Havasu_Falls_2_md.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Havasu_Falls_2_md.jpg/330px-Havasu_Falls_2_md.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Havasu_Falls_2_md.jpg/500px-Havasu_Falls_2_md.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1231" /></a><figcaption>Tingginya konsentrasi <a href="/wiki/Kapur" title="Kapur">kapur</a> terlarut membuat warna air dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Terjun_Havasu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Terjun Havasu (halaman belum tersedia)">Air Terjun Havasu</a> terlihat berwarna <i>turquoise</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Berikut adalah tetapan fisik air pada temperatur tertentu:<sup id="cite_ref-Hidrologi_untuk_Pengairan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hidrologi_untuk_Pengairan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>0<sup>o</sup></th> <th>20<sup>o</sup></th> <th>50<sup>o</sup></th> <th>100<sup>o</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Massa jenis</a> (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td>0.99987</td> <td>0.99823</td> <td>0.9981</td> <td>0.9584 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panas_jenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Panas jenis">Panas jenis</a> (kal/g•<sup>o</sup>C)</td> <td>1.0074</td> <td>0.9988</td> <td>0.9985</td> <td>1.0069 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalor_uap&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalor uap (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalor uap</a> (kal/g)</td> <td>597.3</td> <td>586.0</td> <td>569.0</td> <td>539.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a> (kal/cm•s•<sup>o</sup>C)</td> <td>1.39 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td> <td>1.40 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td> <td>1.52 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td> <td>1.63 × 10<sup>−3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tegangan_permukaan" title="Tegangan permukaan">Tegangan permukaan</a> (dyne/cm)</td> <td>75.64</td> <td>72.75</td> <td>67.91</td> <td>58.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laju_viskositas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laju viskositas (halaman belum tersedia)">Laju viskositas</a> (g/cm•s)</td> <td>178.34 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td> <td>100.9 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td> <td>54.9 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td> <td>28.4 × 10<sup>−4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tetapan_dielektrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetapan dielektrik">Tetapan dielektrik</a></td> <td>87.825</td> <td>80.8</td> <td>69.725</td> <td>55.355 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektrolisis_air">Elektrolisis air</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis_air" title="Elektrolisis air">Elektrolisis air</a></div> <p>Molekul air dapat diuraikan menjadi unsur-unsur asalnya dengan mengalirinya arus <a href="/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik">listrik</a>. Proses ini disebut elektrolisis air. Pada katode, dua molekul air bereaksi dengan menangkap dua <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>, tereduksi menjadi gas H<sub>2</sub> dan ion hidroksida (OH<sup>-</sup>). Sementara itu pada anode, dua molekul air lain terurai menjadi gas <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> (O<sub>2</sub>), melepaskan 4 ion H<sup>+</sup> serta mengalirkan elektron ke katode. Ion H<sup>+</sup> dan OH<sup>-</sup> mengalami netralisasi sehingga terbentuk kembali beberapa molekul air. Reaksi keseluruhan yang setara dari elektrolisis air dapat dituliskan sebagai berikut. </p> <dl><dd>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{ }}2H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow 2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>&#xa0;</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{ }}2H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow 2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5d4fe02d9c056d4e974f4a5114d4393075dabea6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.672ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{ }}2H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow 2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)\,}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Gas hidrogen dan oksigen yang dihasilkan dari reaksi ini membentuk gelembung pada <a href="/wiki/Elektrode" title="Elektrode">elektrode</a> dan dapat dikumpulkan. Prinsip ini kemudian dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan hidrogen dan hidrogen peroksida (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan hidrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelarutan_(solvasi)"><span id="Kelarutan_.28solvasi.29"></span>Kelarutan (solvasi)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan">Kelarutan</a></div> <p>Air adalah <a href="/wiki/Pelarut" title="Pelarut">pelarut</a> yang kuat, melarutkan banyak jenis <a href="/wiki/Zat_kimia" title="Zat kimia">zat kimia</a>. Zat-zat yang bercampur dan larut dengan baik dalam air (misalnya <a href="/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia)">garam-garam</a>) disebut sebagai zat-zat "<a href="/wiki/Hidrofilik" title="Hidrofilik">hidrofilik</a>" (pencinta air), dan zat-zat yang tidak mudah tercampur dengan air (misalnya <a href="/wiki/Lemak" title="Lemak">lemak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Minyak" title="Minyak">minyak</a>), disebut sebagai zat-zat "<a href="/wiki/Hidrofobik" title="Hidrofobik">hidrofobik</a>" (takut-air). Kelarutan suatu zat dalam air ditentukan oleh dapat tidaknya zat tersebut menandingi kekuatan gaya tarik-menarik listrik (gaya intermolekul dipol-dipol) antara molekul-molekul air. Jika suatu zat tidak mampu menandingi gaya tarik-menarik antar molekul air, molekul-molekul zat tersebut tidak larut dan akan <a href="/wiki/Endapan" class="mw-redirect" title="Endapan">mengendap</a> dalam air. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Water_drops_on_spider_web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Water_drops_on_spider_web.jpg/200px-Water_drops_on_spider_web.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Water_drops_on_spider_web.jpg/300px-Water_drops_on_spider_web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Water_drops_on_spider_web.jpg/400px-Water_drops_on_spider_web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>Butir-butir <a href="/wiki/Embun" title="Embun">embun</a> menempel pada <a href="/wiki/Jaring_laba-laba" title="Jaring laba-laba">jaring laba-laba</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kohesi_dan_adhesi">Kohesi dan adhesi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kohesi" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kohesi">Kohesi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Adhesi" title="Adhesi">Adhesi</a></div> <p>Air menempel pada sesamanya (<a href="/wiki/Kohesi" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kohesi">kohesi</a>) karena air bersifat polar. Air memiliki sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Muatan_parsial" title="Muatan parsial">muatan parsial</a> negatif (σ-) dekat <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> akibat pasangan elektron yang (hampir) tidak digunakan bersama, dan sejumlah muatan parsial positif (σ+) dekat atom hidrogen. Dalam air hal ini terjadi karena atom oksigen bersifat lebih <a href="/wiki/Elektronegatif" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronegatif">elektronegatif</a> dibandingkan atom hidrogen—yang berarti, ia (atom oksigen) memiliki lebih "<a href="/wiki/Gaya_listrik" title="Gaya listrik">kekuatan tarik</a>" pada <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>-elektron yang dimiliki bersama dalam molekul, menarik elektron-elektron lebih dekat ke arahnya (juga berarti menarik muatan negatif elektron-elektron tersebut) dan membuat daerah di sekitar atom oksigen bermuatan lebih negatif ketimbang daerah-daerah di sekitar kedua atom hidrogen. </p><p>Air memiliki pula sifat <a href="/wiki/Adhesi" title="Adhesi">adhesi</a> yang tinggi disebabkan oleh sifat alami ke-polar-annya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tegangan_permukaan">Tegangan permukaan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tegangan_Permukaan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tegangan Permukaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Tegangan Permukaan</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Dscn3156-daisy-water_1200x900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dscn3156-daisy-water_1200x900.jpg/200px-Dscn3156-daisy-water_1200x900.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dscn3156-daisy-water_1200x900.jpg/300px-Dscn3156-daisy-water_1200x900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dscn3156-daisy-water_1200x900.jpg/400px-Dscn3156-daisy-water_1200x900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bunga" title="Bunga">Bunga</a> <i>daisy</i> ini berada di bawah permukaan air, akan tetapi dapat mekar dengan tanpa terganggu. Tegangan permukaan mencegah air untuk menenggelamkan bunga tersebut.</figcaption></figure> <p>Air memiliki <a href="/wiki/Tegangan_permukaan" title="Tegangan permukaan">tegangan permukaan</a> yang besar yang disebabkan oleh kuatnya sifat kohesi antar molekul-molekul air. Hal ini dapat diamati saat sejumlah kecil air ditempatkan dalam sebuah permukaan yang tak dapat terbasahi atau terlarutkan (<i>non-soluble</i>); air tersebut akan berkumpul sebagai sebuah tetesan. Di atas sebuah permukaan gelas yang amat bersih atau bepermukaan amat halus air dapat membentuk suatu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapisan_tipis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapisan tipis (halaman belum tersedia)">lapisan tipis</a> (<i>thin film</i>) karena gaya tarik molekular antara gelas dan molekul air (gaya adhesi) lebih kuat ketimbang gaya kohesi antar molekul air. </p><p>Dalam sel-sel biologi dan organel-organel, air bersentuhan dengan membran dan permukaan protein yang bersifat hidrofilik; yaitu, permukaan-permukaan yang memiliki ketertarikan kuat terhadap air. <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a> mengamati suatu gaya tolak yang kuat antar permukaan-permukaan hidrofilik. Untuk melakukan dehidrasi suatu permukaan hidrofilik — dalam arti melepaskan lapisan yang terikat dengan kuat dari hidrasi air — perlu dilakukan kerja sungguh-sungguh melawan gaya-gaya ini, yang disebut gaya-gaya hidrasi. Gaya-gaya tersebut amat besar nilainya akan tetapi meluruh dengan cepat dalam rentang nanometer atau lebih kecil. Pentingnya gaya-gaya ini dalam biologi telah dipelajari secara ekstensif oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Adrian_Parsegian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="V. Adrian Parsegian (halaman belum tersedia)">V. Adrian Parsegian</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Health&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute of Health (halaman belum tersedia)">National Institute of Health</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gaya-gaya ini penting terutama saat sel-sel terdehidrasi saat bersentuhan langsung dengan ruang luar yang kering atau pendinginan di luar sel (<i>extracellular freezing</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_dalam_kehidupan">Air dalam kehidupan</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Blue_Linckia_Starfish.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Blue_Linckia_Starfish.JPG/220px-Blue_Linckia_Starfish.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Blue_Linckia_Starfish.JPG/330px-Blue_Linckia_Starfish.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Blue_Linckia_Starfish.JPG/440px-Blue_Linckia_Starfish.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Kehidupan di dalam laut.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dari sudut pandang <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>, air memiliki sifat-sifat yang penting untuk adanya kehidupan. Air dapat memunculkan reaksi yang dapat membuat <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">senyawa organik</a> melakukan <a href="/wiki/Replikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Replikasi">replikasi</a>. Semua makhluk hidup yang diketahui memiliki ketergantungan terhadap air. Air merupakan zat <a href="/wiki/Pelarut" title="Pelarut">pelarut</a> yang penting untuk makhluk hidup dan adalah bagian penting dalam proses <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a>. Air juga dibutuhkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis">fotosintesis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Respirasi" title="Respirasi">respirasi</a>. Fotosintesis menggunakan cahaya matahari untuk memisahkan atom hidroden dengan oksigen. Hidrogen akan digunakan untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a> dan oksigen akan dilepas ke <a href="/wiki/Udara" title="Udara">udara</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makhluk_air">Makhluk air</h3></div> <dl><dd><i>Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrobiologi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Hidrobiologi</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Perairan Bumi dipenuhi dengan berbagai macam kehidupan. Semua makhluk hidup pertama di Bumi ini berasal dari perairan. Hampir semua <a href="/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan">ikan</a> hidup di dalam air, selain itu, <a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">mamalia</a> seperi <a href="/wiki/Lumba-lumba" title="Lumba-lumba">lumba-lumba</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paus_(mamalia)" title="Paus (mamalia)">paus</a> juga hidup di dalam air. Hewan-hewan seperti <a href="/wiki/Amfibi" title="Amfibi">amfibi</a> menghabiskan sebagian hidupnya di dalam air. Bahkan, beberapa <a href="/wiki/Reptil" title="Reptil">reptil</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Ular" title="Ular">ular</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Buaya" title="Buaya">buaya</a> hidup di perairan dangkal dan lautan. Tumbuhan laut seperti <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alga</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rumput_laut" class="mw-disambig" title="Rumput laut">rumput laut</a> menjadi sumber makanan ekosistem perairan. Di samudra, <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a> menjadi sumber makanan utama para ikan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_dan_manusia">Air dan manusia</h2></div> <p>Peradaban manusia berjaya mengikuti sumber air. <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> yang disebut sebagai awal peradaban berada di antara sungai <a href="/wiki/Tigris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a>. Peradaban Mesir Kuno bergantung pada <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Nil" title="Sungai Nil">sungai Nil</a>. Pusat-pusat manusia yang besar seperti <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> mendapatkan kejayaannya sebagian dikarenakan adanya kemudahan akses melalui perairan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_minum">Air minum</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Humanitarian_aid_OCPA-2005-10-28-090517a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Humanitarian_aid_OCPA-2005-10-28-090517a.jpg/230px-Humanitarian_aid_OCPA-2005-10-28-090517a.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Humanitarian_aid_OCPA-2005-10-28-090517a.jpg/345px-Humanitarian_aid_OCPA-2005-10-28-090517a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Humanitarian_aid_OCPA-2005-10-28-090517a.jpg/460px-Humanitarian_aid_OCPA-2005-10-28-090517a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>Air yang diminum dari botol.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Aquaguard_Water_Purifier_RO_Enhanced_-_Snap_2582.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aquaguard_Water_Purifier_RO_Enhanced_-_Snap_2582.JPG/220px-Aquaguard_Water_Purifier_RO_Enhanced_-_Snap_2582.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aquaguard_Water_Purifier_RO_Enhanced_-_Snap_2582.JPG/330px-Aquaguard_Water_Purifier_RO_Enhanced_-_Snap_2582.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aquaguard_Water_Purifier_RO_Enhanced_-_Snap_2582.JPG/440px-Aquaguard_Water_Purifier_RO_Enhanced_-_Snap_2582.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Penyaring air (water filter) portable untuk air minum rumah tangga, sekolah, kantor, atau asrama.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Air_minum" title="Air minum">Air minum</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Tubuh <a href="/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia">manusia</a> terdiri dari 55% sampai 78% air, tergantung dari ukuran badan.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Agar dapat berfungsi dengan baik, tubuh manusia membutuhkan antara satu sampai tujuh <a href="/wiki/Liter" title="Liter">liter</a> air setiap hari untuk menghindari <a href="/wiki/Dehidrasi" title="Dehidrasi">dehidrasi</a>; jumlah pastinya bergantung pada tingkat aktivitas, <a href="/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu">suhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelembaban" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelembaban">kelembaban</a>, dan beberapa faktor lainnya. Selain dari air minum, manusia mendapatkan cairan dari makanan dan minuman lain selain air. Sebagian besar orang percaya bahwa manusia membutuhkan 8–10 gelas (sekitar dua liter) per hari,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> namun hasil penelitian yang diterbitkan <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Pennsylvania" title="Universitas Pennsylvania">Universitas Pennsylvania</a> pada tahun <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi sejumlah 8 gelas tersebut tidak terbukti banyak membantu dalam menyehatkan tubuh.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Malah kadang-kadang untuk beberapa orang, jika meminum air lebih banyak atau berlebihan dari yang dianjurkan dapat menyebabkan ketergantungan. Literatur medis lainnya menyarankan konsumsi satu liter air per hari, dengan tambahan bila berolahraga atau pada <a href="/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca">cuaca</a> yang panas.<sup id="cite_ref-Rhoades_2003_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rhoades_2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Minum air putih memang menyehatkan, tetapi kalau berlebihan dapat menyebabkan hiponatremia yaitu ketika natrium dalam darah menjadi terlalu encer.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelarut">Pelarut</h3></div> <p>Pelarut digunakan sehari-hari untuk <a href="/wiki/Cuci" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuci">mencuci</a>, contohnya mencuci tubuh manusia, <a href="/wiki/Pakaian" title="Pakaian">pakaian</a>, lantai, <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">mobil</a>, makanan, dan hewan. Selain itu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbah_rumah_tangga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbah rumah tangga (halaman belum tersedia)">limbah rumah tangga</a> juga dibawa oleh air melalui saluran pembuangan. Pada negara-negara industri, sebagian besar air terpakai sebagai pelarut. </p><p>Air dapat memfasilitasi proses biologi yang melarutkan <a href="/wiki/Limbah" title="Limbah">limbah</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme">Mikroorganisme</a> yang ada di dalam air dapat membantu memecah limbah menjadi zat-zat dengan tingkat <a href="/wiki/Polusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polusi">polusi</a> yang lebih rendah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zona_biologis">Zona biologis</h3></div> <p>Air merupakan cairan singular, oleh karena kapasitasnya untuk membentuk jaringan molekul 3 dimensi dengan <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_hidrogen" title="Ikatan hidrogen">ikatan hidrogen</a> yang mutual. Hal ini disebabkan karena setiap molekul air mempunyai 4 muatan fraksional dengan arah <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">tetrahedron</a>, 2 muatan positif dari kedua atom hidrogen dan dua muatan negatif dari atom oksigen.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Akibatnya, setiap molekul air dapat membentuk 4 ikatan hidrogen dengan molekul disekitarnya. Sebagai contoh, sebuah atom hidrogen yang terletak di antara dua atom oksigen, akan membentuk satu <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">ikatan kovalen</a> dengan satu atom oksigen dan satu ikatan hidrogen dengan atom oksigen lainnya, seperti yang terjadi pada <a href="/wiki/Es" title="Es">es</a>. Perubahan densitas molekul air akan berpengaruh pada kemampuannya untuk melarutkan partikel. Oleh karena sifat muatan fraksional molekul, pada umumnya, air merupakan zat pelarut yang baik untuk partikel bermuatan atau ion, namun tidak bagi <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">senyawa</a> <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon">hidrokarbon</a>. </p><p>Konsep tentang <a href="/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi)">sel</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Larutan" title="Larutan">larutan</a> yang terbalut <a href="/wiki/Membran_sel" title="Membran sel">membran</a>, pertama kali dipelajari oleh <a href="/wiki/Ilmuwan" title="Ilmuwan">ilmuwan</a> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Troschin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Troschin (halaman belum tersedia)">Troschin</a> pada tahun 1956. Pada <a href="/wiki/Monograf" class="mw-redirect" title="Monograf">monografnya</a>, <i>Problems of Cell Permeability</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tesis" title="Tesis">tesis</a> Troschin mengatakan bahwa partisi larutan yang terjadi antara lingkungan intraseluler dan ekstraseluler tidak hanya ditentukan oleh <a href="/wiki/Permeabilitas" title="Permeabilitas">permeabilitas</a> membran, namun terjadi akumulasi larutan tertentu di dalam protoplasma, sehingga membentuk larutan gel yang berbeda dengan air murni. </p><p>Pada tahun 1962, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ling (halaman belum tersedia)">Ling</a> melalui monografnya, <i>A physical theory of the living state</i>, mengutarakan bahwa air yang terkandung di dalam sel mengalami <a href="/wiki/Polarisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarisasi">polarisasi</a> menjadi lapisan-lapisan yang menyelimuti permukaan <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> dan merupakan pelarut yang buruk bagi <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a>. Ion K<sup>+</sup> diserap oleh sel normal, sebab <a href="/wiki/Gugus_fungsional" class="mw-redirect" title="Gugus fungsional">gugus</a> <a href="/wiki/Karboksil" class="mw-redirect" title="Karboksil">karboksil</a> dari protein cenderung untuk menarik K<sup>+</sup> daripada ion <a href="/wiki/Sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium">Na<sup>+</sup></a>. Teori ini, dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipotesis_induksi-asosiasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipotesis induksi-asosiasi (halaman belum tersedia)">hipotesis induksi-asosiasi</a> juga mengutarakan tidak adanya pompa <a href="/wiki/Kation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kation">kation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ATPase&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ATPase (halaman belum tersedia)">ATPase</a>, yang terikat pada membran sel, dan distribusi semua larutan ditentukan oleh kombinasi dari gaya tarik menarik antara masing-masing protein dengan modifikasi sifat larutan air dalam sel. Hasil dari pengukuran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resonansi_magnetik_inti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resonansi magnetik inti (halaman belum tersedia)">NMR</a> memang menunjukkan penurunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobilitas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobilitas (halaman belum tersedia)">mobilitas</a> air di dalam sel namun dengan cepat ter<a href="/wiki/Difusi" title="Difusi">difusi</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> air normal. Hal ini kemudian dikenal sebagai model <i>two-fraction, fast-exchange</i>. </p><p>Keberadaan pompa kation yang digerakkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Adenosina_trifosfat" title="Adenosina trifosfat">ATP</a> pada membran sel, terus menjadi bahan perdebatan, sejalan dengan perdebatan tentang karakteristik cairan di dalam sitoplasma dan air normal pada umumnya. Argumentasi terkuat yang menentang teori mengenai jenis air yang khusus di dalam sel, berasal dari kalangan ahli kimiawan fisis. Mereka berpendapat bahwa air di dalam sel tidak mungkin berbeda dengan air normal, sehingga perubahan struktur dan karakter air intraseluler juga akan dialami dengan air ekstraseluler. Pendapat ini didasarkan pada pemikiran bahwa, meskipun jika pompa kation benar ada terikat pada membran sel, pompa tersebut hanya menciptakan kesetimbangan osmotik seluler yang memisahkan satu larutan dari larutan lain, namun tidak bagi air. Air dikatakan memiliki kesetimbangan sendiri yang tidak dapat dibatasi oleh membran sel. </p><p>Para ahli lain yang berpendapat bahwa air di dalam sel sangat berbeda dengan air pada umumnya. Air yang menjadi tidak bebas bergerak oleh karena pengaruh permukaan ionik, disebut sebagai air berikat (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>bound water</i></span>), sedangkan air di luar jangkauan pengaruh ion tersebut disebut air bebas (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>bulk water</i></span>). </p><p>Air berikat dapat segera melarutkan ion, oleh karena tiap jenis ion akan segera tertarik oleh masing-masing muatan fraksional molekul air, sehingga kation dan anion dapat berada berdekatan tanpa harus membentuk garam. Ion lebih mudah ter<a href="/wiki/Hidrasi" title="Hidrasi">hidrasi</a> oleh air yang reaktif, padat dengan ikatan lemah, daripada air inert tidak padat dengan daya ikat kuat. Hal ini menciptakan zona air, sebagai contoh, kation kecil yang sangat terhidrasi akan cenderung terakumulasi pada fase air yang lebih padat, sedangkan kation yang lebih besar akan cenderung terakumulasi pada fase air yang lebih renggang, dan menciptakan partisi ion seperti serial Hofmeister sebagai berikut: </p> <dl><dd>Mg<sup>2+</sup> &gt; Ca<sup>2+</sup> &gt; H<sup>+</sup> &gt;&gt; Na<sup>+</sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>NH<sup>+</sup> &gt; Cs<sup>+</sup> &gt; Rb<sup>+</sup> &gt; K<sup>+</sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>ATP<sup>3-</sup> &gt;&gt; ATP<sup>2-</sup> = ADP<sup>2-</sup> = HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>I<sup>-</sup> &gt; Br<sup>-</sup> &gt; Cl<sup>-</sup> &gt; H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></dd></dl> <p>catatan </p> <ul><li>densitas air berikat semakin tinggi ke arah kanan.</li></ul> <p>Interaksi antara <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> air berikat dan <a href="/wiki/Gugus_fungsional" class="mw-redirect" title="Gugus fungsional">gugus</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionik</a> diasumsikan terjadi pada rentang jarak yang pendek, sehingga <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> terorientasi ke arah <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> dan menghambat interaksi antara populasi air berikat dengan air bebas. Orientasi molekul air berikat semakin terbatas permukaan molekul <a href="/wiki/Polielektrolit" title="Polielektrolit">polielektrolit</a> bermuatan negatif antara lain <a href="/wiki/Asam_deoksiribonukleat" title="Asam deoksiribonukleat">DNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_ribonukleat" title="Asam ribonukleat">RNA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_hialorunat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam hialorunat (halaman belum tersedia)">asam hialorunat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondroitin_sulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondroitin sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">kondroitin sulfat</a>, dan jenis biopolimer bermuatan lain. <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">Energi</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrostatik">elektrostatik</a> antara molekul biopolimer bermuatan sama yang berdesakan akan menciptakan gaya <a href="/wiki/Hidrasi" title="Hidrasi">hidrasi</a> yang mendorong molekul air bebas keluar dari dalam sitoplasma. </p><p>Pada umumnya, konsenstrasi larutan polielektrolit yang cukup tinggi akan membentuk <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">gel</a>. Misalnya gel <i>agarose</i> atau gel dari asam hialuronat yang mengandung 99,9% air dari total berat gel. Tertahannya molekul air di dalam struktur kristal gel merupakan salah satu contoh kecenderungan alami setiap komponen dari suatu sistem untuk bercampur dengan merata. Molekul air dapat terlepas dari gel sebagai respon dari <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_udara" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekanan udara">tekanan udara</a>, peningkatan suhu atau melalui mekanisme <a href="/wiki/Penguapan" title="Penguapan">penguapan</a>, namun dengan turunnya rasio kandungan air, daya ikat ionik yang terjadi antara molekul zat terlarut yang menahan molekul air akan semakin kuat. </p><p>Meskipun demikian, pendekatan ionik seperti ini masih belum dapat menjelaskan beberapa fenomena anomali larutan seperti, </p> <ul><li>perbedaan sifat air di dalam sitoplasma <a href="/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit">oosit</a> <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">hewan</a> <a href="/wiki/Katak" class="mw-redirect" title="Katak">katak</a> dengan air di dalam <a href="/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel">inti sel</a> dan air normal</li> <li>turunnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koefisien_difusi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koefisien difusi (halaman belum tersedia)">koefisien difusi</a> air di dalam <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemia_cyst&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemia cyst (halaman belum tersedia)">Artemia cyst</a></i> dibandingkan dengan koefisien air yang sama pada <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">gel</a> <i>agarose</i> dan air normal</li> <li>lebih rendahnya densitas air pada <i>Artemia cyst</i> dibandingkan air normal pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu">suhu</a> yang sama</li> <li>anomali <a href="/wiki/Trimetilamina_oksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimetilamina oksida">trimetilamina oksida</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_otot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaringan otot">jaringan otot</a></li> <li>kedua kandungan air normal, dan air dengan koefisien partisi 1,5 yang dimiliki <a href="/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria">mitokondria</a> pada suhu 0-4&#160;°C</li></ul> <p>Fenomena anomali larutan ini dianggap terjadi pada rentang jarak jauh yang berada di luar domain pendekatan ionik. </p><p>Energi pada molekul air menjadi tinggi ketika ikatan hidrogen yang dimiliki menjadi tidak maksimal, seperti saat molekul air berada dekat dengan permukaan atau gugus hidrokarbon. Senyawa hidrokarbon kemudian disebut bersifat <a href="/wiki/Hidrofobik" title="Hidrofobik">hidrofobik</a> sebab tidak membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan molekul air. Daya ikat hidrogen pada kondisi ini akan menembus beberapa zona air dan partisi ion, sehingga dikatakan bahwa sebagai karakter air pada rentang jarak jauh. Pada rentang ini, molekul <a href="/wiki/Garam" class="mw-redirect" title="Garam">garam</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_sulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_asetat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium asetat">sodium asetat</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_fosfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">sodium fosfat</a> akan memiliki kecenderungan untuk terurai menjadi kation Na<sup>+</sup> dan anionnya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fresh_water_Generator">Fresh water Generator</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Plate_Type_Fresh_Water_Generator.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Plate_Type_Fresh_Water_Generator.JPG/220px-Plate_Type_Fresh_Water_Generator.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Plate_Type_Fresh_Water_Generator.JPG/330px-Plate_Type_Fresh_Water_Generator.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Plate_Type_Fresh_Water_Generator.JPG/440px-Plate_Type_Fresh_Water_Generator.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>Plate Type Fresh Water Generator.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Fresh_Water_Generator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fresh_Water_Generator.jpg/220px-Fresh_Water_Generator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fresh_Water_Generator.jpg/330px-Fresh_Water_Generator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fresh_Water_Generator.jpg/440px-Fresh_Water_Generator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Fresh Water Generator (FWG).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Water_Generator_(FWG)" title="Fresh Water Generator (FWG)">Fresh Water Generator (FWG)</a> adalah pesawat pembuat <a href="/wiki/Air_tawar" title="Air tawar">air tawar</a> dengan jalan menguapkan <a href="/wiki/Air_laut" title="Air laut">air laut</a> didalam penguap (Evaporator) dan <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a> laut tersebut didinginkan dengan cara kondensasi di dalam pesawat Destilasi/kondensor (pengembun), sehingga menghasilkan air kondensasi yang disebut kondensat. Fresh water generator, merupakan salah satu pesawat bantu yang penting di atas <a href="/wiki/Kapal" title="Kapal">kapal</a>. Hal ini di karenakan dengan menggunanaka FWG (Fresh water generator) dapat menghasilkan air tawar yang dapat digunakan untuk minum, memasak, mencuci dan bahkan menjalankan mesin penting lainnya yang menggunakan air tawar sebagai media pendingin. </p><p>Pada FWG Air tawar umumnya dihasilkan menggunakan metode evaporasi. Jadi air tawar tersebut dihasilkan oleh penguapan air laut dengan menggunakan panas dari salah satu sumber panas. Umumnya sumber panas yang tersedia diambil dari water jacket mesin utama, yang digunakan untuk mendinginkan komponen mesin utama seperti kepala silinder,liner dll. Suhu yang dihasilkan dari water jacket sekitar 70 derajat Celcius. Tetapi pada suhu ini penguapan air tidak maksimal, seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa penguapan air terjadi pada 100 derajat celcius di bawah tekanan atmosfer. Jadi dalam rangka untuk menghasilkan air bersih di 70 derajat kita perlu mengurangi tekanan atmosfer, yang dilakukan dengan menciptakan vakum di dalam ruang di mana penguapan berlangsung. Juga, sebagai akibat dari vakum pendinginan dari air laut menguap pada suhu yang lebih rendah, Air akan didinginkan dan dikumpulkan kemudian dipindahkan ke tangki. Pada saat ini kebanyakan Kapal menggunakan metode, <a href="/wiki/Osmosis_terbalik" title="Osmosis terbalik">reverse osmosis</a> yaitu salah satu metode yang digunakan di deck untuk menghasilkan air tawar. Umumnya ini digunakan pada kapal penumpang di mana ada kebutuhan besar untuk memproduksi air segar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reverse_osmosis_/_Osmosis_terbalik"><span id="Reverse_osmosis_.2F_Osmosis_terbalik"></span>Reverse osmosis / Osmosis terbalik</h2></div> <p>Reverse osmosis (Osmosis terbalik) atau RO adalah suatu metode penyaringan yang dapat menyaring berbagai molekul besar dan ion-ion dari suatu larutan dengan cara memberi tekanan pada larutan ketika larutan itu berada di salah satu sisi membran seleksi (lapisan penyaring). Proses tersebut menjadikan zat terlarut terendap di lapisan yang dialiri tekanan sehingga zat pelarut murni bisa mengalir ke lapisan berikutnya. Membran seleksi itu harus bersifat selektif atau bisa memilah yang artinya bisa dilewati zat pelarutnya (atau bagian lebih kecil dari larutan) tetapi tidak bisa dilewati zat terlarut seperti molekul berukuran besar dan ion-ion. <i>Osmosis</i> adalah sebuah fenomena alam yang terjadi dalam sel makhluk hidup di mana molekul pelarut (biasanya air) akan mengalir dari daerah berkonsentrasi rendah ke daerah Berkonsentrasi tinggi melalui sebuah membran semipermeabel. Membran semipermeabel ini menunjuk ke membran sel atau membran apa pun yang memiliki struktur yang mirip atau bagian dari membran sel. Gerakan dari pelarut berlanjut sampai sebuah konsentrasi yang seimbang tercapai di kedua sisi membran. </p><p>Reverse osmosis adalah sebuah proses pemaksaan sebuah terlarut dari sebuah daerah konsentrasi terlarut tinggi melalui sebuah membran ke sebuah daerah terlarut rendah dengan menggunakan sebuah tekanan melebihi <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_osmotik" title="Tekanan osmotik">tekanan osmotik</a>. Dalam istilah lebih mudah, reverse osmosis adalah mendorong sebuah larutan melalui <a href="/wiki/Filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Filter">filter</a> yang menangkap zat terlarut dari satu sisi dan membiarkan pendapatan pelarut murni dari sisi satunya. </p><p>Untuk mendapatkan air tawar dari air laut bisa dilakukan dengan cara <a href="/wiki/Osmosis_terbalik" title="Osmosis terbalik">osmosis terbalik</a>, suatu proses penyaringan air laut dengan menggunakan tekanan dialirkan melalui suatu membran saring. Sistem ini disebut SWRO (Seawater Reverse Osmosis) dan banyak digunakan pada kapal laut atau instalasi air bersih di pantai dengan bahan baku air laut. </p><p>Proses ini telah digunakan untuk mengolah <a href="/wiki/Air_laut" title="Air laut">air laut</a> untuk mendapatkan <a href="/wiki/Air_tawar" title="Air tawar">air tawar</a>, sejak awal 1970-an. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_dalam_kesenian">Air dalam kesenian</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/300px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/450px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/600px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4335" data-file-height="2990" /></a><figcaption>"Ombak Besar Lepas Pantai Kanagawa." oleh <a href="/wiki/Katsushika_Hokusai" title="Katsushika Hokusai">Katsushika Hokusai</a>, lukisan yang sering digunakan sebagai pelukisan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_dalam_kesenian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Air dalam kesenian (halaman belum tersedia)">Air dalam kesenian</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Seni" title="Seni">seni</a> air dipelajari dengan cara yang berbeda, ia disajikan sebagai suatu elemen langsung, tidak langsung ataupun hanya sebagai simbol. Dengan didukung kemajuan teknologi fungsi dan pemanfaatan air dalam seni mulai berubah, dari tadinya pelengkap ia mulai merambat menjadi objek utama. Contoh seni yang terakhir ini, misalnya seni aliran atau tetesan (<i>sculpture liquid</i> atau <i>droplet art</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seni_lukis">Seni lukis</h3></div> <p>Pada zaman <a href="/wiki/Renaisans" title="Renaisans">Renaisans</a> dan sesudahnya air direpresentasikan lebih realistis. Banyak artis menggambarkan air dalam bentuk pergerakan – sebuah aliran air atau <a href="/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai">sungai</a>, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Laut" title="Laut">lautan</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Turbulensi" title="Turbulensi">turbulensi</a>, atau bahkan <a href="/wiki/Air_terjun" title="Air terjun">air terjun</a> – akan tetapi banyak juga dari mereka yang senang dengan objek-objek air yang tenang, diam – danau, sungai yang hampir tak mengalir, dan permukaan laut yang tak berombak. Dalam setiap kasus ini, air menentukan suasana (<i>mood</i>) keseluruhan dari karya seni tersebut,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> seperti misalnya dalam <i>Birth of Venus</i> (<a href="/wiki/1486" title="1486">1486</a>) karya <a href="/wiki/Botticelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticelli">Botticelli</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan <i>The Water Lilies</i> (<a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>) karya <a href="/wiki/Monet" class="mw-redirect" title="Monet">Monet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rivermasterz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/1/13/Rivermasterz.jpg/300px-Rivermasterz.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/1/13/Rivermasterz.jpg/450px-Rivermasterz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/1/13/Rivermasterz.jpg/600px-Rivermasterz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Rivermasterz, memanfaatkan air sebagai elemen dalam <a href="/wiki/Foto" title="Foto">foto</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fotografi">Fotografi</h3></div> <p>Sejalan dengan kemajuan <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">teknologi</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Seni" title="Seni">seni</a>, air mulai mengambil tempat dalam bidang seni lain, misalnya dalam <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">fotografi</a>. walaupun ada air tidak memiliki arti khusus di sini dan hanya berperan sebagai elemen pelengkap, akan tetapi ia dapat digunakan dalam hampir semua cabang fotografi: mulai dari <a href="/wiki/Fasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasion">fasion</a> sampai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsekap&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Landsekap (halaman belum tersedia)">landsekap</a>. Memotret air sebagai elemen dalam objek membutuhkan penanganan khusus, mulai dari filter <i>circular polarizer</i> yang berguna menghilangkan <a href="/wiki/Refleksi" class="mw-redirect" title="Refleksi">refleksi</a>, sampai pemanfaatan teknik <i>long exposure</i>, suatu teknik fotografi yang mengandalkan bukaan rana lambat untuk menciptakan efek lembut (<i>soft</i>) pada permukaan air.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seni_tetesan_air">Seni tetesan air</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_tetesan_air&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni tetesan air (halaman belum tersedia)">Seni tetesan air</a></div> <p>Keindahan tetesan air yang memecah permukaan air yang berada di bawahnya diabadikan dengan berbagai sentuhan teknik dan rasa menjadikannya suatu karya seni yang indah, seperti yang disajikan oleh Martin Waugh dalam karyanya <i>Liquid Sculpture</i>, suatu antologi yang telah mendunia.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seni tetesan air tidak berhenti sampai di sini, dengan pemanfaatan teknik pengaturan terhadap jatuhnya tetesan air yang malar, mereka dapat diubah sedemikian rupa sehingga tetesan-tetesan tersebut sebagai satu kesatuan berfungsi sebagai suatu penampil (<i>viewer</i>) seperti halnya <a href="/wiki/Tampilan_komputer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampilan komputer">tampilan komputer</a>. Dengan mengatur-atur ukuran dan jumlah tetesan yang akan dilewatkan, dapat sebuah gambar ditampilkan oleh tetesan-tetesan air yang jatuh. Sayangnya gambar ini hanya bersifat sementara, sampai titik yang dimaksud jatuh mencapai bagian bawah penampil.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Komersialisasi karya jenis ini pun dalam bentuk resolusi yang lebih kasar telah banyak dilakukan.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artikel_Referensi">Artikel Referensi</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span>&#160;Arti kata <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/tirta">tirta</a></i> dalam situs web <a href="/wiki/Kamus_Besar_Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia">Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</a> oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengembangan_dan_Pembinaan_Bahasa" title="Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa">Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan,_Kebudayaan,_Riset,_dan_Teknologi_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span>&#160;Arti kata <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/ayar">ayar</a></i> dalam situs web <a href="/wiki/Kamus_Besar_Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia">Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</a> oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengembangan_dan_Pembinaan_Bahasa" title="Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa">Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan,_Kebudayaan,_Riset,_dan_Teknologi_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Philip Ball, <i>Water and life: Seeking the solution</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912163940/http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v436/n7054/full/4361084a.html">Nature <b>436</b>, 1084–1085 (25 August 2005) | doi:10.1038/4361084a</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970617152802/http://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/fisheries/waternot.html">Water – The Essential Substance</a>, Experimental Lakes Area, University of Manitoba</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606233725/http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/xtremelife/ingredients.php">What are the Essential Ingredients of Life?</a>, Natural History Museum, California Academy of Sciences</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Steven A Benner, <i>Water is not an essential ingredient for Life, scientists now claim</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=15568">SpaceRef.com</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title="&#160;pranala nonaktif sejak Januari 2024">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109185307/http://uplink.space.com/showflat.php?Cat=&amp;Board=seti&amp;Number=99260&amp;page=21&amp;view=collapsed&amp;sb=5&amp;o=0&amp;fpart=">uplink.space.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070606230804/http://www.unep.org/vitalwater/01.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20070606230804/http://www.unep.org/vitalwater/01.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Peter Tyson, <i>Life's Little Essential</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200517233334/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/origins/essential.html">NOVA, Origins, July 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> H.E. Msgr. Renato R. Martino, <i>Water, an Essential Element of Life</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230312064410/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/justpeace/documents/rc_pc_justpeace_doc_20030322_kyoto-water_en.html">A Contribution of the Delegation of the Holy See on the Occasion of the third World Water Forum, Kyoto, Japan, 16th-23rd March 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt54e4bd8e5dc0a/mk-batalkan-uu-sumber-daya-air/">"MK Batalkan UU Sumber Daya Air"</a>. <i>hukumonline.com</i> (dalam bahasa Indonesia). 2015-02-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201140032/https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt54e4bd8e5dc0a/mk-batalkan-uu-sumber-daya-air/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=hukumonline.com&amp;rft.atitle=MK+Batalkan+UU+Sumber+Daya+Air&amp;rft.date=2015-02-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hukumonline.com%2Fberita%2Fbaca%2Flt54e4bd8e5dc0a%2Fmk-batalkan-uu-sumber-daya-air%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hidrologi_untuk_Pengairan-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hidrologi_untuk_Pengairan_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sosrodarsono S, Takeda K. 1976. <i>Hidrologi Untuk Pengairan</i>. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Michael Kwan, <i>Prototype car runs 100 miles on four ounces of water as fuel</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070306122721/http://www.mobilemag.com/content/100/354/C8115/">Mobile Magazine Thursday June 1, 2006 6:41 AM PDT</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <i>Fuel from "Burning Water"</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070323100317/http://www.keelynet.com/energy/waterfuel.htm">KeelyNet 01/09/02</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070323103428/http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/Hydrogen/index.html">Hydrogen Technologies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041011015753/http://www.biophysics.org/education/parsegian.pdf">"Physical Forces Organizing Biomolecules (PDF)"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 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Diakses tanggal 1 February</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Healthy+Water+Living&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhealth%2Fhealthy_living%2Fnutrition%2Fdrinks_water.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;producer=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;accessyear=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;access-date=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7326437.stm">"Lots of water 'is little benefit<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529220704/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7326437.stm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 6 April</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Lots+of+water+%27is+little+benefit%27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fhealth%2F7326437.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;producer=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;accessyear=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;access-date=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rhoades_2003-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rhoades_2003_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rhoades RA, Tanner GA (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medicalphysiolog0000unse"><i>Medical Physiology</i></a> (edisi ke-2nd ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7817-1936-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7817-1936-4">0-7817-1936-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Medical+Physiology&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.edition=2nd+ed.&amp;rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-7817-1936-4&amp;rft.au=Rhoades+RA%2C+Tanner+GA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedicalphysiolog0000unse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://health.detik.com/read/2012/06/11/183533/1938409/763/apakah-anda-terlalu-banyak-minum-air">"Apakah Anda Terlalu Banyak Minum Air?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802230611/http://health.detik.com/read/2012/06/11/183533/1938409/763/apakah-anda-terlalu-banyak-minum-air">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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WIGGINS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220617135525/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372788/pdf/microrev00039-0112.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Arief Setiawan adalah seorang fotografer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Waugh, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404025402/http://www.liquidsculpture.com/news.htm">Liquid Sculpture</a></i>, 2007; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stage6.divx.com/members/222398/videos/1045710">video DivX</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <b>Water Droplet Art</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080308153601/http://www.tyborg.com/2005/08/23/water-droplet-art/">Twiddly Bits, August 23rd, 2005 at 9:07 pm</a>, <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Jerman" lang="Jerman">(Jerman)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230805235246/https://www.hgb-leipzig.de/~julius/sphericalrobots/bitfall.php">Bitfall Simulation</a> kriegte 50% Realität, Auszeichnung für Innovation und Technik – Kunstförderpreis der Stadtwerke Halle und Leipzig, Halle, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070403060318/http://www.makezine.com/blog/archive/2007/01/jeep_waterfall.html">Jeep waterfall – DIY version?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070228084939/http://www.pevnickdesign.com/index1.html">Pictures and Video</a>, Pevnick Design Inc.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referensi_umum">Referensi umum</h3></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> OA Jones, JN Lester and N Voulvoulis, Pharmaceuticals: a threat to drinking water? <i>TRENDS in Biotechnology</i> 23(4): 163, 2005</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Franks, F (Ed), Water, A comprehensive treatise, Plenum Press, New York, 1972–1982</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twt.mpei.ac.ru/mas/worksheets/VTP_wsp.mcd">Property of Water and Water Steam w Thermodynamic Surface</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> PH Gleick and associates, The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. Island Press, Washington, D.C. (published every two years, beginning in 1998.)</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Marks, William E., The Holy Order of Water: Healing Earth's Waters and Ourselves. Bell Pond Books ( a div. of Steiner Books), Great Barrington, MA, November 2001 [<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/088010483X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-88010-483-X</a>]</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_sebagai_sumber_daya_alam_alami">Air sebagai sumber daya alam alami</h3></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Gleick, Peter H. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldswater200820000glei"><i>The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources</i></a>. Washington: Island Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Water%3A+The+Biennial+Report+on+Freshwater+Resources&amp;rft.place=Washington&amp;rft.pub=Island+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.aulast=Gleick&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldswater200820000glei&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> (November 10, 2006)| <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781597261050" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-59726-105-0</a>]</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Postel, Sandra (1997, second edition). <i>Last Oasis: Facing Water Scarcity</i>. New York: Norton Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Last+Oasis%3A+Facing+Water+Scarcity&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Norton+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Postel&amp;rft.aufirst=Sandra&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;year=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Anderson (1991). <i>Water Rights: Scarce Resource Allocation, Bureaucracy, and the Environment</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Water+Rights%3A+Scarce+Resource+Allocation%2C+Bureaucracy%2C+and+the+Environment&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.au=Anderson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Marq de Villiers (2003, revised edition). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/waterfateofourmo0000devi"><i>Water: The Fate of Our Most Precious Resource</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Water%3A+The+Fate+of+Our+Most+Precious+Resource&amp;rft.au=Marq+de+Villiers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwaterfateofourmo0000devi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;year=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Diane Raines Ward (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/waterwarsdrought00ward_0"><i>Water Wars: Drought, Flood, Folly and the Politics of Thirst</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Water+Wars%3A+Drought%2C+Flood%2C+Folly+and+the+Politics+of+Thirst&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.au=Diane+Raines+Ward&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwaterwarsdrought00ward_0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Miriam R. Lowi (1995). <i>Water and Power: The Politics of a Scarce Resource in the Jordan River Basin</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Water+and+Power%3A+The+Politics+of+a+Scarce+Resource+in+the+Jordan+River+Basin&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.au=Miriam+R.+Lowi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> (Cambridge Middle East Library)</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Worster, Donald (1992). <i>Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Rivers+of+Empire%3A+Water%2C+Aridity%2C+and+the+Growth+of+the+American+West&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.aulast=Worster&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Reisner, Marc (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cadillacdesertam00reis"><i>Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cadillac+Desert%3A+The+American+West+and+Its+Disappearing+Water&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.aulast=Reisner&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcadillacdesertam00reis&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Maude Barlow, Tony Clarke (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bluegoldbattleag0000barl"><i>Blue Gold: The Fight to Stop the Corporate Theft of the World's Water</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Blue+Gold%3A+The+Fight+to+Stop+the+Corporate+Theft+of+the+World%27s+Water&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.au=Maude+Barlow%2C+Tony+Clarke&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbluegoldbattleag0000barl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Vandana Shiva (2002). <i>Water Wars: Privatization, Pollution, and Profit</i>. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0745318371" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7453-1837-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Water+Wars%3A+Privatization%2C+Pollution%2C+and+Profit&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.au=Vandana+Shiva&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Anita_Roddick" title="Anita Roddick">Anita Roddick</a>; et al. (2004). <i>Troubled Water: Saints, Sinners, Truth And Lies About The Global Water Crisis</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Troubled+Water%3A+Saints%2C+Sinners%2C+Truth+And+Lies+About+The+Global+Water+Crisis&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.au=Anita+Roddick&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Penggunaan_et_al._yang_eksplisit" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit">link</a>) </span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">William E. Marks (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holyorderofwater00mark"><i>The Holy Order of Water: Healing Earths Waters and Ourselves</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Holy+Order+of+Water%3A+Healing+Earths+Waters+and+Ourselves&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=William+E.+Marks&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholyorderofwater00mark&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAir" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h3></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> J. Lobaugh and Gregory A. Voth, <i>A quantum model for water: Equilibrium and dynamical properties</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&amp;id=JCPSA6000106000006002400000001&amp;idtype=cvips&amp;gifs=yes">The Journal of Chemical Physics -- February 8, 1997 -- Volume 106, Issue 6, pp. 2400–2410</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title="&#160;pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup> doi:10.1063/1.473151</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Kyoko Watanabe and Michael L. Klein, <i>Effective pair potentials and the properties of water</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6TFM-44GG2WT-32&amp;_user=28781&amp;_coverDate=03%2F15%2F1989&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000002738&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=28781&amp;md5=41af5c29ad52694f44c498b5e601caf1">Chemical Physics Volume 131, Issues 2-3, 15 March 1989, Pages 157-167</a> doi:10.1016/0301-0104(89)80166-1</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Frank H. Stillinger and Aneesur Rahman, <i>Improved simulation of liquid water by molecular dynamics</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&amp;id=JCPSA6000060000004001545000001&amp;idtype=cvips&amp;gifs=yes">The Journal of Chemical Physics -- February 15, 1974 -- Volume 60, Issue 4, pp. 1545–1557</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title="&#160;pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup> doi:10.1063/1.1681229</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> R. J. Speedy and C. A. Angell, <i>Isothermal compressibility of supercooled water and evidence for a thermodynamic singularity at –45&#160;°C</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&amp;id=JCPSA6000065000003000851000001&amp;idtype=cvips&amp;gifs=yes">The Journal of Chemical Physics -- August 1, 1976 -- Volume 65, Issue 3, pp. 851-858</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title="&#160;pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup> doi:10.1063/1.433153</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/280px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/420px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/560px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a><figcaption> <b>71&#160;% - Н<sub>2</sub>O</b></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Air</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_asin" title="Air asin">Air asin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siklus_air" title="Siklus air">Siklus air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan" title="Awan">Awan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjir" title="Banjir">Banjir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Es" title="Es">Es</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embun" title="Embun">Embun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danau" title="Danau">Danau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrologi" title="Hidrologi">Hidrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan">Hujan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laut" title="Laut">Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salju" title="Salju">Salju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai">Sungai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desalinasi" title="Desalinasi">Desalinasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis">Osmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmosis_terbalik" title="Osmosis terbalik">Osmosis terbalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_berat" title="Air berat">Air berat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_tertritiasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Air tertritiasi">Air tertritiasi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kimia_makanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Kimia makanan"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kimia_makanan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kimia makanan (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat 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class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai water pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/water">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/water">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" title="Cari di Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/water">Berita</a> dari Wikinews<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/water">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" title="Cari di Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/water">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" title="Cari di Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/water" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/water">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku<br /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.oecd.org/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ENV_WAT">OECD Water statistics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwater.org/">The World's Water Data Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm">FAO Comprehensive Water Database, AQUASTAT</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldwater.org/conflict.html">The Water Conflict Chronology: Water Conflict Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/">US Geological Survey Water for Schools information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://water.worldbank.org/">Portal to The World Bank's strategy, work and associated publications on water resources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awra.org/">America Water Resources Association</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324205603/http://awra.org/">Diarsipkan</a> 2018-03-24 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/">Water structure and science</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228024506/http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-12-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senyawa_hidrogen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Senyawa_hidrogen" title="Templat:Senyawa hidrogen"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Senyawa_hidrogen" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Senyawa hidrogen"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Senyawa_hidrogen&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senyawa_hidrogen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_hidrogen" title="Kategori:Senyawa hidrogen">Senyawa</a> <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asam_arsenit" title="Asam arsenit">H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_arsenat" title="Asam arsenat">H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argon_fluorohidrida" title="Argon fluorohidrida">HArF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_astatida" title="Hidrogen astatida">HAt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_fluorosulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam fluorosulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">HSO<sub>3</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_fluoroborat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam fluoroborat (halaman belum tersedia)">HBF<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_bromida" title="Hidrogen bromida">HBr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_hipobromit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam hipobromit (halaman belum tersedia)">HBrO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_bromit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam bromit (halaman belum tersedia)">HBrO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_bromat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam bromat (halaman belum tersedia)">HBrO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_perbromat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam perbromat (halaman belum tersedia)">HBrO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_klorida" title="Hidrogen klorida">HCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_hipoklorit" title="Asam hipoklorit">HClO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_klorit" title="Asam klorit">HClO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_klorat" title="Asam klorat">HClO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_perklorat" title="Asam perklorat">HClO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sianida" title="Hidrogen sianida">HCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_fulminat" title="Asam fulminat">HCNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_kromat" title="Asam kromat">H<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_karbonat" title="Asam karbonat">H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_tiokarbonat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam tiokarbonat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>CS<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_fluorida" title="Hidrogen fluorida">HF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_hipoflorit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam hipoflorit (halaman belum tersedia)">HFΟ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_iodida" title="Hidrogen iodida">HI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_hipoiodit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam hipoiodit (halaman belum tersedia)">HIO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_iodit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam iodit (halaman belum tersedia)">HIO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_iodat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam iodat (halaman belum tersedia)">HIO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_periodat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam periodat (halaman belum tersedia)">HIO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_permanganat" title="Asam permanganat">HMnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_molibdat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam molibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrogen_isosianida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrogen isosianida (halaman belum tersedia)">HNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natrium_bikarbonat" title="Natrium bikarbonat">NaHCO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_isosianat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam isosianat (halaman belum tersedia)">HNCO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroksil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroksil (halaman belum tersedia)">HNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">HNO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_hiponitrit" title="Asam hiponitrit">H<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_nitrosilsulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam nitrosilsulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">HNO<sub>5</sub>S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_sulfamat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam sulfamat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>3</sub>NSO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_peroksida" title="Hidrogen peroksida">H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trioksidan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trioksidan (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_hipofosfit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam hipofosfit (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_fosfit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam fosfit (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_fosfat" title="Asam fosfat">H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_pirofosfat" title="Asam pirofosfat">H<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_trifosfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam trifosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>5</sub>P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_kloroplatinat" title="Asam kloroplatinat">H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">H<sub>2</sub>S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrogen_disulfida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrogen disulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrogen_selenida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrogen selenida (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>Se</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_selenit" title="Asam selenit">H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_selenat" title="Asam selenat">H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_silikat" title="Asam silikat">H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_heksafluorosilikat" title="Asam heksafluorosilikat">H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_tiosianat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam tiosianat (halaman belum tersedia)">HSCN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_tiosianat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam tiosianat (halaman belum tersedia)">HNSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfit" title="Asam sulfit">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_peroksimonosulfat" title="Asam peroksimonosulfat">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asam_tiosulfat" title="Asam tiosulfat">H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_ditionat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam ditionat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_disulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam disulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_peroksidisulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam peroksidisulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_trifluorometanasulfonat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam trifluorometanasulfonat (halaman belum tersedia)">CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrogen_telurida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrogen telurida (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>Te</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_telurit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam telurit (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_telurat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam telurat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>6</sub>TeO<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_titanat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam titanat (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>4</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium_hidrida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">H<sub>2</sub>Po</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kobalt_tetrakarbonil_hidrida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kobalt tetrakarbonil hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">HCo(CO)<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hidroksida" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Hidroksida" title="Templat:Hidroksida"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Hidroksida" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Hidroksida"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Hidroksida&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hidroksida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hidroksida" title="Hidroksida">Hidroksida</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:2em; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;" align="center"><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></small> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em;"> </td> <td style="width:2em; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>He</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Litium_hidroksida" title="Litium hidroksida">LiOH</a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Berilium_hidroksida" title="Berilium hidroksida">Be(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Asam_borat" title="Asam borat">B(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>C</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">NH<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O</a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>O</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>F</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ne</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">NaOH</a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hidroksida" title="Magnesium hidroksida">Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_hidroksida" title="Aluminium hidroksida">Al(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Si</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>P</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>S</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Cl</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ar</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">KOH</a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Kalsium_hidroksida" title="Kalsium hidroksida">Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Skandium(III)_hidroksida" title="Skandium(III) hidroksida">Sc(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ti</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>V</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kromium(II)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kromium(II) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Cr(OH)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kromium(III)_hidroksida" title="Kromium(III) hidroksida">Cr(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Mangan(II)_hidroksida" title="Mangan(II) hidroksida">Mn(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Besi(II)_hidroksida" title="Besi(II) hidroksida">Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Besi(III)_hidroksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Besi(III) hidroksida">Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Kobalt(II)_hidroksida" title="Kobalt(II) hidroksida">Co(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Nikel(II)_hidroksida" title="Nikel(II) hidroksida">Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose"><small><a href="/wiki/Tembaga(I)_hidroksida" title="Tembaga(I) hidroksida">CuOH</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tembaga(II)_hidroksida" title="Tembaga(II) hidroksida">Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose"><small><a href="/wiki/Seng_hidroksida" title="Seng hidroksida">Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Galium(III)_hidroksida" title="Galium(III) hidroksida">Ga(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium(II)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanium(II) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ge(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>As</small> </td> <td style="background-color:mistyrose;" align="center"><small>Se</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Br</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Kr</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_hidroksida" title="Rubidium hidroksida">RbOH<sub></sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Stronsium_hidroksida" title="Stronsium hidroksida">Sr(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Y(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirkonium_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirkonium hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Nb</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Mo</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Tc</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ru</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Rh</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Pd</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Perak_hidroksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Perak hidroksida">AgOH</a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Kadmium_hidroksida" title="Kadmium hidroksida">Cd(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Indium_hidroksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Indium hidroksida">In(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Timah(II)_hidroksida" title="Timah(II) hidroksida">Sn(OH)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timah(IV)_hidroksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Timah(IV) hidroksida">Sn(OH)<sub>4</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimon(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antimon(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Sb(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Te</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>I</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Xe</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Sesium_hidroksida" title="Sesium hidroksida">CsOH</a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Barium_hidroksida" title="Barium hidroksida">Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">* </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Hf</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ta</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>W</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Re</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Os</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ir</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Pt</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Emas(III)_hidroksida" title="Emas(III) hidroksida">Au(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merkuri(II)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Merkuri(II) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Talium(I)_hidroksida" title="Talium(I) hidroksida">TlOH</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Talium(III)_hidroksida" title="Talium(III) hidroksida">Tl(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Timbal(II)_hidroksida" title="Timbal(II) hidroksida">Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timbal(IV)_hidroksida" title="Timbal(IV) hidroksida">Pb(OH)<sub>4</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Bismut_hidroksida" title="Bismut hidroksida">Bi(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Po</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>At</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Rn</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Fr</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ra</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">** </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Rf</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Db</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Sg</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Bh</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Hs</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Mt</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ds</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Rg</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Cn</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Nh</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Fl</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Mc</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Lv</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ts</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Og</small> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>&#8595; </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td><span style="float: right">*</span> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Lantanum_hidroksida" title="Lantanum hidroksida">La(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Serium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ce(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodimium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodimium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Pr(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neodimium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Neodimium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Nd(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prometium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prometium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Pm(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Sm(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Europium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Eu(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Gd(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terbium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Tb(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disprosium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Disprosium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Dy(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ho(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Er(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Tm(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iterbium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Iterbium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Yb(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutetium(III)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutetium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Lu(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td><span style="float: right">**</span> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Ac</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Torium(IV)_hidroksida" title="Torium(IV) hidroksida">Th(OH)<sub>4</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Pa</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranil_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranil hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">UO<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Np</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Pu</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Amerisium(III)_hidroksida" title="Amerisium(III) hidroksida">Am(OH)3</a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small><a href="/wiki/Kurium_hidroksida" title="Kurium hidroksida">Cm(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Bk</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Cf</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Es</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Fm</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Md</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>No</small> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:mistyrose;"><small>Lr</small> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐79cd87d5f8‐qvb6b Cached time: 20250319191321 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.427 seconds Real time usage: 0.736 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3274/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 117261/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2891/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45523/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.153/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3418450/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 380.222 1 -total 34.28% 130.344 1 Templat:Reflist 19.79% 75.241 3 Templat:Navbox 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